Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2221 823800 785599 2026-04-21T18:33:00Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaka ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baki na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na karshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, Tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> 27x9iyt4rrvyibeqiwr4trjjpoa8p8i 823801 823800 2026-04-21T18:33:56Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaka ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baki na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na karshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, Tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> md7ytlbd7rbcp10dbf4tqt7shpzynzs 823802 823801 2026-04-21T18:38:05Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaka ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baki na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na karshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, Tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> 56bfowt6kfrq37tdgkqf40pllfrw0nn 823803 823802 2026-04-21T18:38:38Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaka ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baki na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na karshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, Tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> 62uby57pur9qwwto54h31qi6cllened 823804 823803 2026-04-21T18:39:01Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaka ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baki na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na karshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, Tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> ejfp5vu1o4z34206pt06ojvchf0yvta 823835 823804 2026-04-21T21:14:28Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaka ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baki na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na karshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, Tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> hezmr83797swkybv2spjg0qtyfxypw3 823914 823835 2026-04-22T04:34:24Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaka ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baki na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na karshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, Tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> 7mxrd0kl1ggaqft7r76tojla48ji5im 823915 823914 2026-04-22T04:35:13Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baki na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na karshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, Tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> 4u46bak9zgw5r4o5sdj8l38fsyjswe5 823916 823915 2026-04-22T04:35:58Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baki na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na karshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, Tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> 19a5yfsxtej7mo9hht682dqaj51bkzj 823917 823916 2026-04-22T04:36:23Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baki na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na karshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, Tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> mew59m7zk7u5azoy4pp50uqwnd6pstd 823918 823917 2026-04-22T04:37:41Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baki na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na karshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, Tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> cck3wt8b1wdgdumeceqid72a9cb4v7k 823919 823918 2026-04-22T04:38:54Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na karshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, Tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> 7924v0u4r7vo6f974fiw6bjud39euqq 823920 823919 2026-04-22T04:39:33Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na karshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, Tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> dbir6tjl0yr8i576j2nev5v3rhkazlr 823921 823920 2026-04-22T04:40:31Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na ƙarshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, Tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> 2o0g837frxqgkl81rn1xd3uazbtcrfz 823922 823921 2026-04-22T04:41:24Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na ƙarshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> p38yuvx8cccypq458ll9l8bei2zhikr 823923 823922 2026-04-22T04:42:02Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza Bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ya'ya maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na ƙarshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> kkfc0uiefl7ulrjkdiw6rkqbp7jr59m 823924 823923 2026-04-22T04:42:46Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza Bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ƴaƴa maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na ƙarshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> l1hibv7kyigauppxb6utp33wh6fzag2 823926 823924 2026-04-22T04:43:38Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza Bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ƴaƴa maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na ƙarshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa Bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> 06qypunv96jf1mj96gxf0ejonz8zikx 823927 823926 2026-04-22T04:44:05Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza Bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ƴaƴa maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na ƙarshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji daya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa Bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi Bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> h7zn6v5gj2lvk9k73inqpptqlcfe7co 823928 823927 2026-04-22T04:44:58Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza Bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ƴaƴa maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na ƙarshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji ɗaya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa Bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi Bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alakar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> tbrbgp6rkr7vosybmcbx3umg5m7xn7i 823929 823928 2026-04-22T04:45:41Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza Bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ƴaƴa maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na ƙarshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji ɗaya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa Bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi Bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alaƙar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> ipwililik9k5vioxnuu4vbo3ktac1hw 823930 823929 2026-04-22T04:46:25Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karɓu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza Bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ƴaƴa maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na ƙarshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji ɗaya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa Bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi Bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, kodayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alaƙar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> 1p9t00jw7y0mbi2ftqjryi8lrcewp0g 823931 823930 2026-04-22T04:47:25Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karɓu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza Bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ƴaƴa maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na ƙarshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji ɗaya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa Bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi Bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, ko dayake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alaƙar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> mmgrvdgbnw7rs2ci1lgr0ij8l8tw70a 823932 823931 2026-04-22T04:48:31Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karɓu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza Bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ƴaƴa maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na ƙarshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji ɗaya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa Bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi Bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, ko da yake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Kasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alaƙar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> rgofv7ubkpgt03aefbt3ong5du72t5z 823933 823932 2026-04-22T04:49:49Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karɓu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa dansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza Bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ƴaƴa maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na ƙarshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji ɗaya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa Bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi Bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, ko da yake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Ƙasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alaƙar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> 4h30vgwkvl67cfijqifieknqpw1z5dp 823934 823933 2026-04-22T04:51:20Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karɓu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa ɗansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karbu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza Bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ƴaƴa maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na ƙarshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji ɗaya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa Bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi Bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, ko da yake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Ƙasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alaƙar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> f7xs3ad0810xq0twczrokgb268c6yyu 823935 823934 2026-04-22T04:53:04Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa emblem or flag of Hausa 01.jpg|thumb|tanbarin arawa]] '''Hausa Bakwai:''' Wata zuri'a ce me ɗinbin tarihi a ƙasar [[Hausa]], wadda kuma ta fito daga tsatson ɗan [[Bayajidda]] mijin [[sarauniya Daurama]] ta Daura me suna [[(Bawo)]].<s><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter5.shtml</ref></s> Waɗannan sune ƙasashen [[Hausa]] Bakwai kamar haka:<br> 1. [[Daura]]<br> 2. [[Kano]]<br> 3. [[Katsina]]<br>4. [[Zazzau]] (Zaria)<br>5. [[Gobir]]<br>6. [[Rano]] <br>7. [[Hadejia]] [[Biram]](Garun Gabas)<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-Bakwai</ref><br>Akwai kuma waɗanda ake kira da [[Banza Bakwai]].<br> Banza Bakwai daga baya Masarautar [[Daura]] ta bakin Wakilin [[Tarihi]] na masarautar an sauya sunan zuwa ƴan'uwa bakwai, ko kuma a ce musu Ƙanne Bakwai. Su kuma sun fito ne daga tsatson Karaf da gari ɗan da [[Bayajidda]] ya haifa da baiwarsa Bagwariya. Jerin sunayen jihohin Banza Bakwai: # [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]<br>2. [[Kebbi]] <br>3. [[Yawuri]] (Yauri) <br>4. [[Gwari]] <br>5. [[Kororafa]] (Kwararrafa, Jukun)<br>6. [[Nupe]] <br>7. [[Ilorin]] (Yoruba) [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|Garin Biram]] Akwai ɗan bambanci cikin jerin ƙasashen Banza (Barth, Travels, I, 472; Hogben/Kirk-Greene, Emirates, 149). == Ala'adu da al'umma == Ra’ayoyin da suka shafi tsarin zamantakewa sun ta’allaƙa ne da dangantakar zumunta. Mutanen waje kuma ana haɗa su cikin wannan tsari ta hanyar aure da ’yan gida, sake ba su matsayin zamantakewa, ko kuma ba su wasu keɓantattun dama.. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun daidaita shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karɓu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a ƙarni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ), sun ƙunshi rukunin gonakin da iyalai biyu ko fiye suke gudanarwa ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ), waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya ƙara wa ɗansu filin, wanda daga ƙarshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren mata fiye da daya ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da ya dace da sana'o'insu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an ɗauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. : 492-3  == Manazarta == * [http://dierklange.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=36 "History of the Hausa states"] [[Category:Hausa]] == Al'adu da al'umma == Abubuwan da suka dace akan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan [[Kinship|dangi]], kuma an shigar da farar hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar auratayya, sake rarraba jama'a, ko kuma an ba su gata ta musamman. Cinikayya tsakanin jihohi ya saukaka [[harshen Hausa]] gamayya, ba tare da yarukan da ba sa fahimtar juna. Duk da musuluntar da masu mulki suka yi, yawancin talakawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma [[Syncretism|sun daidaita]] shi da Musulunci, wanda ake ganin ya karɓu har zuwa lokacin da [[Jihadin na Fulani|Fulani suka yi jihadi]] a karni na 19. Talakawa ( ''talakawa'' ) sun ƙunshi rukunin gonaki da iyalai biyu ko sama da haka ( ''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'' ) ke gudanar da su waɗanda wakilin doka ( ''maigida'' ) ke jagoranta. ''Maigida'' ita ce ta gudanar da sashin kuma an ba ta aikin sasanta rigingimu da ayyukan al'ada a cikin bukukuwa. Sabbin ''gandu'' wani uba ne ya kafa shi ya kara wa dansu filin, wanda daga karshe za a gane shi a matsayin wani yanki na musamman don biyan haraji. Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin patrilineal sau da yawa yakan rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda [[Polygynous marriage|auren mata fiye da daya]] ya zama gama gari), alaƙa mai ƙarfi na matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabin da ya dace da ayyukansu a wajen lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin masu zaman banza. == History == [[Fayil:AFRhausalandas.PNG|right|thumb|Manyan biranen kasar Hausa.iyakokin na zamani sune cikin ja.]]   '''Masarautun Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Masarautun Hausa}}), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kasar Hausa''' ({{Lang|ha|Kasar Hausa}}, tarin jihohin da [[Hausawa|Mutanen Hausa]] ke mulki, kafin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fulani]].{{Efn|The first uses of "Hausa" as an [[ethnonym]] date from the 16th and 17th centuries, prior to this ethnonyms were based on the states, such as ''Kanawa'' for Kano, ''Katsinawa'' for Katsina, ''Gobirawa'' for Gobir etc.<ref name="Amadu GHoA"/>{{rp|page=268}}}} Tana tsakanin [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] da [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] (yanzu arewacin [[Najeriya]]). Hausaland ya kasance tsakanin daular Yammacin kasar Sudan na Tsohon kasar Ghana, [[Daular Mali|Mali]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]] da daular Gabashin Sudan na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=9 May 2019 |title=Hausaland |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Hausaland/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> [[Kusugu|Daura]]- [[Labarai]] na baƙi na Hausa sun ba da cikakken bayani game da labarin [[Bayajidda]], wanda ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na jarumin Baghdadi, Bayajidda. A cewar labarin, zuriyar Bayajidda ta kafa ''[[Hausa Bakwai]]'' (jihohi bakwai na "gaskiya"), da kuma '''Banza Bakwai''' Ana kallon su a matsayin waɗanda suka shigo cikin al'ummar Hausawa daga wajen asalin Hausawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka karɓi al'adun Hausawa daga baya. == Labaran Tarihi == A cewar ƴaƴa maza da jikoki na Bayajidda ne suka kafa jihohin Hausa, yarima na [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] wanda ya auri [[Daura]], [[Kabara]] na ƙarshe na Daura, kuma ya sanar da ƙarshen sarakunan matriarchal waɗanda suka yi mulkin mutanen Hausa. A cewar labarin, Bayajidda ya yi tafiya ta hanyar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]], ya isa Daura, inda ya tafi gidan wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Waira kuma ya tambaye ta ta ta ba shi ruwa amma ta gaya masa matsalar ƙasar, yadda maciji ɗaya da ke Daura, wanda ake kira ''[[Kusugu]]'', ya zauna, wanda ya ba da damar 'yan Daura su dauki ruwa ne kawai a ranar Jumma'a, tun da ''sarki'' shine kalmar Hausa don "sarki", wannan na iya zama kwatanci ga wani mutum mai iko. Bayajidda ya kashe Sarki kuma saboda abin da ya yi sarauniya ta auri shi saboda jaruntakarsa. Bayan aurensa da Daurama ta Daura mutane sun fara kiransa da suna Bayajidda wanda ke nufin "bai fahimci (harshe) ba kafin". <ref name=":122" /> <ref name="lange">{{Cite web |last=Abdurrahman |first=Alasan |last2=transcribed by Dierk Lange |title=Oral version of the Bayajidda legend |url=http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf |access-date=2006-12-20 |website=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref> === Hausa Bakwai / Banza Bakwai === '''Hausa Bakwai''' sune jihohi Bakwai na "gaskiya" (''birane'') waɗanda aka ce duk mutanen Hausa sun fito daga. Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda da dan Daurama, Baw, suna da 'ya'ya maza shida tare da mata uku ([[Bawo (Hausa)|Ba'u]] ga kowace mace) kowannensu ya kafa mulki. Biram, masarauta ta bakwai, wani ɗan Bayajidda ne ya kafa ta, wanda ya haifa tare da yarima [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] (wanda ake kira Magira) :: 485  yayin da yake Bornu. Daura ita ce "mahaifiyar birni" na jihohin Hausa. * [[Daura]] ([[Gazaura]] ya hau gadon sarauta) :: 486  * Kano (wanda [[Bagauda]] ya mallaka) :: 270  * [[Tarihin Katsina|Katsina]] (wanda [[Kumayau]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Zazzau]] (wanda [[Gunguma]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" /> * [[Gobir]] (wanda [[Duma (ruler)|Duma]] ta kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Rano]] (wanda [[Zamna Kogi]] ya kafa) <ref name=":0" />:: 486  * [[Biram (ruler)|Biram]] / Garun Gobas (wanda Biram ke mulki, birni yanzu ana kiransa "Hadejia") <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinlolu |first=Adelaja Abdulazeez |date=2016 |title=Facial Biometrics Using Akinlolu-Raji Image-processing Algorithm and Anthropological Facts Which Prove that Kebbi and Zamfara Hausas are Hausa Bakwai |journal=Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45 |doi=10.4103/2384-5147.176320 |issn=2384-5147 |doi-access=free}}</ref><br /> === Hausa Bakwai === i.[[Daular Songhai|i]]Ana kiran '''Hausa Banza''' ko '''Banza Bakwai''' a matsayin jihohin "bastard" ko "marasa izini". Bisa ga al'ada, Bayajidda yana da ɗa na uku tare da ƙwaraƙwaransa mai suna Mukarbigari . An ce zuriyar Mukarbigari sun kafa wasu jihohi bakwai waɗanda ke kan iyaka da Hausa Bakwai zuwa yamma da kudu. Hadisin Hausa sau da yawa yana nufin waɗannan a matsayin ƙasa da Hausa Bakwai . :: 486  Baya ga Zamfara da Kebbi, mambobin Hausa Banza maƙwabta ne na Hausaland, ko da yake musamman ya bar [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[Daular Songhai|Songhai]]. :: 278–9 -9 [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] wani lokacin ana haɗa shi a cikin Hausa Banza . Su ne:.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Masarautar Zamfara|Zamfara]] (wanda masu magana da Hausa ke zaune) {{Efn|Some traditions include Zamfara in the Hausa Bakwai.<ref name=":1" />}} * Kebbi (wanda masu magana da harshen Hausa ke zaune) * [[Masarautar Yauri|Yauri]] * [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] * [[Kwararafa]] (jiha ta [[Abakwariga]] (ba Musulmi Hausa) ko [[Jukunawa|Mutanen Jukun]]) <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Bello |first=Zakariya Abubakar |date=July 2020 |title=History, Roles and the Challenges of the Institution of Aku Uka in Nation Building in the 21st Century |url=https://www.academia.edu/71424076 |journal=Fuwukari Journal of Politics & Devevelopment |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> * [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] (jiha ta [[Nufawa|Mutanen Nupe]]) * [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yoruba]] (mutane na Yoruba) == Tarihi == === Asalin da tashi === Majiyar baka ta (Kunne ya girmi kaka na Hausawa sun ce an fara kafa matsugunai ne a inda aka sami ''[[iskoki]]'' ( ruhohin dabi’a ) .  [[Hausa Bakwai|Ƙasar Hausa]] na da dimbin karfin noma, da kuma matsayi na farko da suka shafi kula da kasa, wanda alaƙar dangi ta bunkasa. Sarakunan Hausawa ko dai [[Family head|shugabannin iyali]] ne ( ''gidaje'' ) ko kuma jami'an addini wadanda aka dorawa alhakin gudanar da ayyukan ibada da nufin tabbatar da ci gaban noma ( ''sarkin noma'' ; "sarakunan noma"). <ref name=":0" /> Ba a san ranar kafuwar daular Hausa ba, duk da kasancewar garuruwa a arewacin Najeriya ya kai ga kafa jihohi, inda manyan garuruwa [[Ƙofofin ƙasar Hausa|masu kagara]] suka zama cibiyoyin mulki da mulki. Masarautu suna sarrafa kasuwanci a yankin, kuma mai yiyuwa ne Ya'qubi ya fara ambata a cikin karni na 9, : 21 ’Yan kasuwan Hausawa sun kafa sansani ( ''sabon gari'' ) a wurare daban-daban, tare da gina ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai inganci. <ref name=":122" /> Farar hula wani lokaci suna bin rundunarsu a matsayin ƴan kasuwa ko kuma su ba da hidima, su zauna a ƙasashen waje, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasashen waje. Al’adar Hausawa ta bayyana yadda aka raba mukamai a tsakanin jahohi, inda Kano da Rano suka kasance cibiyoyi na masana’antar [[Textile|saka]] (wanda ake kira manyan ''sarakuman''; “sarakunan indigo”), Katsina da Daura wuraren kasuwanci ne (wanda ake kira ''sarakunan kasuwa'' ; “sarakunan kasuwa”), Zazzau ya samar da aikin bauta ga sauran jahohin (wanda ake kira da ''sarkin'' ; “sarkin daular mulkin mallaka, wanda aka fi sani da Goggo Birni), kuma ya kasance mai mulkin kasar Gobe ta Arewa”. mahara (wanda ake kira ''sarkin yaki'' ; "sarkin yaki"). : 270 A cikin tarihinta akwai ƙaura da yawa daga [[Sahel]] da [[Sudan]] zuwa ƙasar Hausa, ciki har da makiyaya, masunta, masu noma, 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa, da ''[[Mawlānā|mallam]]'', da kuma wasu manyan sarakuna ''.'' Ana tunanin hijira daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] ya daɗe, kuma [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (wanda ya raba [[Gobir|Gobirawa]] daga [[Sultan na Agadez|Asben]] ) da [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani]] sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin daga ƙarni na 14 da 15 bi da bi. A matsayinsu [[Nomadic pastoralists|na makiyaya,]] wani lokaci sukan yi kutse cikin kasar Hausa domin neman filayen kiwo. Wata kungiya kuma ita ce [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]], wacce ta yi hijira a karni na 14/15, kuma su ne mabudin yada addinin Musulunci ta kasar Hausa. Duk da cewa akwai yiyuwar Musulunci ya yadu zuwa kasar Hausa daga arewa ta hanyar Gobir ko gabas daga Bornu, ana tunanin wanda ya fara musulunta shi ne [[Yaji I]] na Kano (r. 1349-85) saboda [[Dawah|gayyata]] daga Wangara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinwumi |first=Olayemi |last2=Raji |first2=Adesina Y. |date=1990 |title=The Wangarawa Factor in the History of Nigerian Islam: The Example of Kano and Borgu |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20840012 |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=375–385 |issn=0578-8072}}</ref> Wangara, kamar ƴan gudun hijira na [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]], a hankali suka haɗa kai suka zama Hausawa. <ref name="Amadu GHoA3" /> {{Rp|285-91}} A lokacin mulkin [[Yaji I]] na Kano (1349-85) ya ci nasara kuma ya mamaye Rano na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan haka Rano ya ci gaba da wanzuwa amma bai sake samun ikon mallakarsa ba. :: 271  A cikin karni na 15, wani mai tsigewa na Bornu ya gudu zuwa Kano, wanda ya haifar da Bornu yana fadada zuwa yamma kuma ya mamaye jihohin Hausa. Ba a san ko wannan ya haɗa da dukkan jihohin ba, ko kuma kawai Kano da Biram kamar yadda M. G. Smith ya yi tunani; ba tare da la'akari ba, an aika haraji ta hanyar Daura. Duk da yake ba a san tsawon lokacin da jihohin Hausa suka biya wannan haraji ba, Bornu ya ci gaba da riƙe tasiri a yankin. === Karni na 16 zuwa gaba === A karni na 15, masarautun Hausa sun kasance cibiyoyin kasuwanci wadanda suka yi gogayya da [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem-Bornu]] da [[daular Mali]] . Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune [[Bauta|bayi]], fata, [[Zinare|zinari]], tufa, [[gishiri]], kwaya kola, fatun dabbobi da [[Lalle|henna]] . A lokuta daban-daban a cikin tarihinsu, Hausawa sun yi nasarar kafa tsarin kula da jahohinsu, amma irin wannan haɗin kai ya kasance a takaice. A zamanin Sarki [[Yaji I]] (1349-1385) an fara shigar da Musulunci Kano ta hanyar da'awa daga Soninke Wangara da Musulunci sau da yawa ana daidaita su da [[Maguzanci|kiyayyar Hausawa]] . : 14 Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa da malaman addini musulmi sun zo daga Mali, daga yankin Volta, daga baya kuma daga [[Daular Songhai|Songhay]] . Sarki Yaji ya nada wani Qadi da Imam a matsayin wani bangare na gwamnatin jihar. [[Muhammad Rumfa]] (1463-99) ya gina masallatai da madrassa. Ya kuma umurci Muhammad al-Maghili da ya rubuta taswirar yadda ake gudanar da mulkin musulmi. An kawo wasu da yawa daga [[Misra|Masar]], [[Tunisiya]], da [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Wannan ya mayar da Kano da Katsina a matsayin cibiyoyi na ilimin addinin Musulunci . Musulunta ya sauƙaƙa faɗaɗa kasuwanci kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi na faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa. ''[[Ulama'u|Malamai]]'' sun ba da goyan bayan doka, garanti, ayyuka masu aminci, gabatarwa da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. A karshen karni na 15, wani malami [[Tarihin Katsina|Muhammad al-Korau]] ya karbe iko da [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] yana ayyana kansa a matsayin sarki. Daga nan aka kawo ''Malamai'' daga Arewacin Afrika da Masar suka zauna a Katsina. Ajin ''Malamai'' ya fito karkashin kulawar sarauta. Sarakunan Hausawa sun yi azumin Ramadan, sun gina masallatai, sun tsida salloli biyar na farilla, da bayar da [[Zakka|''zakka'']] ga talakawa. [[Ibrahim Maje]] (1549-66) ya kasance mai kawo gyara a Musulunci kuma ya kafa dokar auren Musulunci a Katsina. Gabaɗaya ƙasar Hausa ta kasance cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin manyan biranen musulmi na duniya da kuma al'ummomin karkara. A cikin wannan lokaci, Leo Africanus a takaice ya ambata a cikin littafinsa ''[[Bayanin Afirka (littafi na 1550)|Descrittione dell'Africa]]'' game da yanayin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar Hausa a wancan lokacin duk da cewa ba a san ko da gaske ya ziyarce ta ba; Ga dukkan alamu kasar Hausa ta kasance mafi yawan matsayin da Songhai ke da shi domin a bayaninsa na [[Zamfara]] ya yi tsokaci cewa " [[Askia Mohammad I|Askiya]] ne suka yanka sarkinsu, kuma su kansu suka yi tagumi" haka ma sauran yankunan ke fada. === Faduwa === [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Hausa-Fulani Sokoto Khalifa a karni na 19]] Duk da ci gaba mai yawa daga karni na 15 zuwa karni na 18, jihohin suna da rauni ga yaki na yau da kullun a ciki da waje. A karni na 18, sun gaji da tattalin arziki da siyasa. [[Famine|Yunwa]] ta zama ruwan dare a wannan lokacin kuma [[Sultan|Sultans]] sun shiga haraji mai nauyi don tallafawa yaƙe-yaƙe. Kodayake yawancin mazaunanta [[Musulmi]] ne, a ƙarni na 19, mayaƙan [[Fulani]] da manoma na Hausa sun ci su, suna ambaton [[Syncretism|haɗin kai]] da rashin adalci na zamantakewa. A shekara ta 1808 [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usuman dan Fodio]] ya ci jihohin Hausa kuma ya shiga cikin Khalifancin Hausa-Fulani Sokoto . == Gwamnati == == Al'adu da al'umma == Manufofin kan tsarin zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan dangi, kuma an sanya fararen hula na kasashen waje cikin tsarin ta hanyar aure, sake rarraba zamantakewa, ko kuma an ba su dama ta musamman. Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ya sauƙaƙa yaren Hausa na yau da kullun, ba tare da yarukan da ba a fahimta ba. Duk da juyowa na sarakuna zuwa Islama, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da yin [[Maguzanci|addininsu na gargajiya]], ko kuma sun haɗa shi da Islama, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin karɓa har zuwa Fula jihads a karni na 19. ''talakawa'' (talakawa) sun ƙunshi raka'a na gonaki waɗanda iyalai biyu ko fiye (''[[Gandu (settlement)|gandu]]'') ke sarrafawa waɗanda wakilin doka (maigida) ke jagoranta. Maigida ta gudanar da rukunin kuma an ba ta aikin sulhunta rikice-rikice da matsayi na al'ada a cikin bukukuwan. Wani uba ne ya kafa sabon ''gandu'' wanda ya kara da ƙasar ɗansu, don a ƙarshe a gane shi a matsayin wani bangare na musamman don dalilai na haraji. Wannan tsarin patrilineal mai kyau sau da yawa ya rushe ta hanyar kisan aure (saboda auren polygynous ya zama ruwan dare), dangantaka mai karfi ta matrilineal, da ƙwarewar sana'a. Maza suna da lakabi da suka dace da ayyukansu a waje da lokacin noma. Manya marasa aure an dauke su a matsayin wadanda aka ware. : 492–3 : 492–3  * [[Maguzanci|Hauka da ƙiyayya]] * [[Adabin Hausa|Littattafan Hausa]] == Lura == == Manazarta == <references /> bxvshgvxg3al2afqc5hsrveflqorgz5 0 4191 824123 573832 2026-04-22T09:47:40Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Vic_akers.jpg |thumb|Vic Akers]] [[Fayil:Vic akers.jpg|thumb|vic akers]] '''Victor David Akers''', OBE (an haife shi 24 ga Agustan shekarar 1946) manajan [[ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar [[Ingila]], kuma tsohon ɗan wasa wanda ya kasance mataimakin manaja na kwanan nan a Boreham Wood. A matsayinsa na kocin Arsenal Ladies ya zama kocin da ya fi kowa nasara a kulob din a duk tsawon lokacin da ya lashe kofuna 35 daga 1993 zuwa 2009. A 1997 Akers ya zama manajan kit na kungiyar maza ta Arsenal, mukamin da ya bari bayan tafiyar Arsène Wenger a 2018.<ref>"Vic Akers OBE: Profile". Arsenal.com.</ref><ref>"Vic Akers OBE, Ladies Staff: Profile". Arsenal.com.</ref><ref name=":2">"Arsenal Ladies: Honours". Arsenal.com. 4 May 2024.</ref> A kakar wasansa na farko a matsayin manajan kaya na Arsenal ya ajiye aiki a matsayin kocin kungiyar mata amma ya dawo kakar 1998–99.<ref>"Howard Takes Charge For New Season (page 31)". Arsenal FC. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.</ref> A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya yi wasa a matsayin baya na hagu == Sana'ar wasa == An haife shi a Islington, London, Akers ya fara aikinsa a cikin tsarin samari tare da Fulham amma bai sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararru da ƙungiyar ba.<ref name=":0">The Watford Football Club Illustrated Who's Who. Surrey: T.G Jones. <nowiki>ISBN 0-9527458-0-1</nowiki>., pp 21</ref>Ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ba tare da Tonbridge Angels (inda daidaitonsa a baya na hagu yana nufin cewa Malcolm Macdonald an tilasta masa taka leda a matsayin hagu na dama baya, kafin ya koma dan wasan gaba lokacin da ya shiga Luton Town.), Kafin ya shiga Bexley. United a watan Mayu 1969.<ref name=":0" /> A watan Yulin 1971 ya rattaba hannu a kan fam 5000 zuwa kungiyar Cambridge United, kuma yana cikin kungiyar da ta dauki matakin bunkasa kungiyar a shekarar 1973, daga tsohuwar kungiyar ta hudu. Ya buga wasanni 129 na gasar Cambridge kafin ya koma Watford a watan Yulin 1975 kan kudin da ake tunanin ko dai £1000 ko £2000 ne.<ref name=":0" /> Ya kasance mai halarta a karon farko na farkon kakar wasan kulob din a baya a rukunin hudu bayan faduwa, ya buga wasanni 22 na gasar da kuma karin 4 a gasar cin kofin.<ref name=":0" /> A cikin Yuli 1976 ya shiga Dartford kyauta, yana taimaka musu lashe Kofin Kudancin Kudancin 1977.<ref name=":0" />. Ya ci gaba da taka leda a Hayes a cikin 1978, kuma a watan Oktoba 1980 ya shiga Slough Town wanda ya ci nasara a gasar cin kofin Premier na Isthmian, Berks da Bucks Senior Cup da Isthmian League Cup na 1981.<ref name=":0" /><ref>"Vic Akers: Profile". ''Slough Town FC.net''.</ref> A watan Maris 1984 yana taka leda a Carshalton Athletic inda ya kwashe shekaru biyu a kuma nesa da Colston Avenue. Daga nan Akers ya koma Arsenal a matsayin shugaban sashin kulab din.<ref name=":0" /> == Aikin gudanarwa == An nada Akers shugaban sashin al'ummar Arsenal a 1986 kuma a cikin 1987 ya kafa kungiyar matan Arsenal. Ya jagoranci Ladies Arsenal zuwa kowane babban kofi a wasan kwallon kafa na mata na Ingila ya lashe gasar cin kofin mata na FA sau goma, gasar cin kofin Premier ta mata ta FA sau tara da gasar Premier ta mata ta FA sau goma sha daya.<ref name=":1" /> Akers, ta yin haka, ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League biyar da gasar cin kofin mata na FA sau biyu da na cikin gida hudu. Akers kuma ta lashe gasar cin kofin mata ta UEFA tare da Arsenal a shekara ta 2007, kasancewar ta farko a Ingila da ta yi hakan.<ref name=":1" /> Ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2009 daga mukamin mata na Arsenal inda ya lashe manyan kofuna talatin da biyu gaba daya<ref name=":1">"Akers honoured at FA Women's Awards". Arsenal.com.</ref>. An nada Akers Jami'in Tsarin Mulkin Burtaniya (OBE) a cikin Sabuwar Shekarar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2010 don ayyukan wasanni.<ref>"No. 59282". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 2009. p. 8.</ref><ref>"New Year honours list: OBEs". The Guardian. London. 31 December 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2010.</ref> A cikin Mayu 2018, Akers ya yi ritaya a matsayin manajan kayan aikin Arsenal kuma ɗansa Paul ya gaje shi.<ref>"Paul Akers". Arsenal.com.  "National League News: May-August 2020 (27 August 2020)".</ref> A cikin Fabrairu 2019, Akers ya shiga Boreham Wood a matsayin Mataimakin Manajan. Ya bar aikin a watan Agusta 2020.<ref>BBC Sport. 27 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.</ref> == Girmamawa == '''Sana'ar wasa''' '''Cambridge United''' * Wasan Kwallon Kafa na Hudu, wanda aka haɓaka (a matsayi na 3) zuwa rukuni na uku: 1973 '''Dartford''' * Kofin League na Kudancin: 1977 '''Garin Slough''' * Rukunin Premier League na Isthmian: 1981 * Isthmian League Cup: 1981 * Berks da Bucks Babban Kofin: 1981 '''Aikin gudanarwa''' '''Matan Arsenal'''<ref name=":2" /> * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata: 2006–07 * Gasar Premier ta Mata ta FA: 1992–93, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 200207–08,08 * Kofin Mata na FA: 1992–93, 1994–95, 1998–99, 2000–01, 2003–04, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09 * Gasar Premier ta Mata ta FA: 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2008–09 * FA ta Community Garkuwar mata: 2000, 2001, 2004, 2006, 2008 {{Stub}}{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Akers, Vic}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] bdd8jrapa9erw7ibmyhuat9sjb45pa1 824124 824123 2026-04-22T09:47:50Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Vic_akers.jpg |thumb|Vic Akers]] [[Fayil:Vic akers.jpg|thumb|vic akers]] '''Victor David Akers''', OBE (an haife shi 24 ga Agustan shekarar 1946) manajan [[ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar [[Ingila]], kuma tsohon ɗan wasa wanda ya kasance mataimakin manaja na kwanan nan a Boreham Wood. A matsayinsa na kocin Arsenal Ladies ya zama kocin da ya fi kowa nasara a kulob din a duk tsawon lokacin da ya lashe kofuna 35 daga 1993 zuwa 2009. A 1997 Akers ya zama manajan kit na kungiyar maza ta Arsenal, mukamin da ya bari bayan tafiyar Arsène Wenger a 2018.<ref>"Vic Akers OBE: Profile". Arsenal.com.</ref><ref>"Vic Akers OBE, Ladies Staff: Profile". Arsenal.com.</ref><ref name=":2">"Arsenal Ladies: Honours". Arsenal.com. 4 May 2024.</ref> A kakar wasansa na farko a matsayin manajan kaya na Arsenal ya ajiye aiki a matsayin kocin kungiyar mata amma ya dawo kakar 1998–99.<ref>"Howard Takes Charge For New Season (page 31)". Arsenal FC. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.</ref> A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya yi wasa a matsayin baya na hagu == Sana'ar wasa == An kuma haife shi a Islington, London, Akers ya fara aikinsa a cikin tsarin samari tare da Fulham amma bai sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararru da ƙungiyar ba.<ref name=":0">The Watford Football Club Illustrated Who's Who. Surrey: T.G Jones. <nowiki>ISBN 0-9527458-0-1</nowiki>., pp 21</ref>Ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ba tare da Tonbridge Angels (inda daidaitonsa a baya na hagu yana nufin cewa Malcolm Macdonald an tilasta masa taka leda a matsayin hagu na dama baya, kafin ya koma dan wasan gaba lokacin da ya shiga Luton Town.), Kafin ya shiga Bexley. United a watan Mayu 1969.<ref name=":0" /> A watan Yulin 1971 ya rattaba hannu a kan fam 5000 zuwa kungiyar Cambridge United, kuma yana cikin kungiyar da ta dauki matakin bunkasa kungiyar a shekarar 1973, daga tsohuwar kungiyar ta hudu. Ya buga wasanni 129 na gasar Cambridge kafin ya koma Watford a watan Yulin 1975 kan kudin da ake tunanin ko dai £1000 ko £2000 ne.<ref name=":0" /> Ya kasance mai halarta a karon farko na farkon kakar wasan kulob din a baya a rukunin hudu bayan faduwa, ya buga wasanni 22 na gasar da kuma karin 4 a gasar cin kofin.<ref name=":0" /> A cikin Yuli 1976 ya shiga Dartford kyauta, yana taimaka musu lashe Kofin Kudancin Kudancin 1977.<ref name=":0" />. Ya ci gaba da taka leda a Hayes a cikin 1978, kuma a watan Oktoba 1980 ya shiga Slough Town wanda ya ci nasara a gasar cin kofin Premier na Isthmian, Berks da Bucks Senior Cup da Isthmian League Cup na 1981.<ref name=":0" /><ref>"Vic Akers: Profile". ''Slough Town FC.net''.</ref> A watan Maris 1984 yana taka leda a Carshalton Athletic inda ya kwashe shekaru biyu a kuma nesa da Colston Avenue. Daga nan Akers ya koma Arsenal a matsayin shugaban sashin kulab din.<ref name=":0" /> == Aikin gudanarwa == An nada Akers shugaban sashin al'ummar Arsenal a 1986 kuma a cikin 1987 ya kafa kungiyar matan Arsenal. Ya jagoranci Ladies Arsenal zuwa kowane babban kofi a wasan kwallon kafa na mata na Ingila ya lashe gasar cin kofin mata na FA sau goma, gasar cin kofin Premier ta mata ta FA sau tara da gasar Premier ta mata ta FA sau goma sha daya.<ref name=":1" /> Akers, ta yin haka, ta samu nasarar lashe gasar League biyar da gasar cin kofin mata na FA sau biyu da na cikin gida hudu. Akers kuma ta lashe gasar cin kofin mata ta UEFA tare da Arsenal a shekara ta 2007, kasancewar ta farko a Ingila da ta yi hakan.<ref name=":1" /> Ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2009 daga mukamin mata na Arsenal inda ya lashe manyan kofuna talatin da biyu gaba daya<ref name=":1">"Akers honoured at FA Women's Awards". Arsenal.com.</ref>. An nada Akers Jami'in Tsarin Mulkin Burtaniya (OBE) a cikin Sabuwar Shekarar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2010 don ayyukan wasanni.<ref>"No. 59282". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 2009. p. 8.</ref><ref>"New Year honours list: OBEs". The Guardian. London. 31 December 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2010.</ref> A cikin Mayu 2018, Akers ya yi ritaya a matsayin manajan kayan aikin Arsenal kuma ɗansa Paul ya gaje shi.<ref>"Paul Akers". Arsenal.com.  "National League News: May-August 2020 (27 August 2020)".</ref> A cikin Fabrairu 2019, Akers ya shiga Boreham Wood a matsayin Mataimakin Manajan. Ya bar aikin a watan Agusta 2020.<ref>BBC Sport. 27 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.</ref> == Girmamawa == '''Sana'ar wasa''' '''Cambridge United''' * Wasan Kwallon Kafa na Hudu, wanda aka haɓaka (a matsayi na 3) zuwa rukuni na uku: 1973 '''Dartford''' * Kofin League na Kudancin: 1977 '''Garin Slough''' * Rukunin Premier League na Isthmian: 1981 * Isthmian League Cup: 1981 * Berks da Bucks Babban Kofin: 1981 '''Aikin gudanarwa''' '''Matan Arsenal'''<ref name=":2" /> * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata: 2006–07 * Gasar Premier ta Mata ta FA: 1992–93, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 200207–08,08 * Kofin Mata na FA: 1992–93, 1994–95, 1998–99, 2000–01, 2003–04, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09 * Gasar Premier ta Mata ta FA: 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2008–09 * FA ta Community Garkuwar mata: 2000, 2001, 2004, 2006, 2008 {{Stub}}{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Akers, Vic}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] t60ncdjit9onujzfhobg6qdwyfywv4c 3 6214 824097 821617 2026-04-22T09:23:00Z ~2026-24499-81 44216 /* Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu */ sabon sashe 824097 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa == Hi, Welcome on the Hausa Wikipedia. Sorry that this message is in English - we are very few editors here and most of us speak only basic/survival Hausa... so I'm very glad to see that someone who speaks fluently has just arrived. Wishing you a good time contributing to this project (please spread the news around you, since it needs more Hausa speakers!), --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:30, 12 Agusta 2017 (UTC) :Nagode [[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], Zanyi kokari in jawo mutane don mu inganta [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. :Thank you [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], I will try to draw more people to help develop this [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:47, 10 Satumba 2017 (UTC) ::Congratulations on your recent edits! I just wanted to ask if you had received my email from last week (there is a project in order to promote Wikipedia among Hausa speakers that I would like to talk you about), and if not, at which email address I could reach out to you. Thanks a lot, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:03, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) :::Thanks Don. I have received it, and I will reply you there –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:23, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ::::I replied. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:48, 6 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) :Hello, iam jalamcy2023 by name iam also a participant of Wikipedia, I used to edits in wikis, so iam try to filled the data support form but it refuse to open for me I don't no what's wrong, and I need the data because I don't have money to buy, please I need your help, so that I should continue my work in Wikipedia, I really enjoyed working with you. Thanks [[User:Jalamcy2023|Jalamcy2023]] ([[User talk:Jalamcy2023|talk]]) 14:28, 12 Satumba 2023 (UTC) == Help == I am Hausa by tribe,and I am interested to start editing and creating some page need ur help don Camilo and ammar,sorry nt gud in speaking English. [[User:Slmdbr|Slmdbr]] ([[User talk:Slmdbr|talk]]) 15:20, 21 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ==Translation of three sentences== Dear Ammarpad, I hope this finds you well. [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] posted this request on my talk page, but sadly my Hausa is too weak to translate it correctly. Maybe you will be able to help him? Thanks a lot, kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 12:29, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) We are working on an offline distribution system for Wikipedia in Nigeria. Am needing help with the translation of the three sentences '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Internet-in-a-Box/Nigeria#Hausa here]'''. Wondering if you can help. Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 11:48, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) *@Doc James and DonCamillo. I have translated it. I will also send someone to translate the Igbo, if no one did. Thank you all. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 00:01, 15 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) :Thanks a lot! :) --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC) == Facebook page == Dear Ammar, Just to mention that I have just created a Facebook page regarding the Hausa Wikipedia, in order to get more interest from Hausa-speaking people: you're welcome if you want to like it or share it with your friends: [https://www.facebook.com/HausaWikipedia/ Hausa Wikipedia] Thanks a lot, Kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC) :Thanks a lot. I have seen it, will share too. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:48, 8 Maris 2018 (UTC) == Neman Admin == Barka dai Mr.Ammarpad, Ina da matukar sha'awa sosai na taimaka a wannan shafin na hausa Wikipedia. Ni Bahaushe ne kuma ina gane Turanci, na fassara makaloli da dama daga Turanci Zuwa Hausa sabo da haka ne nake nema wannan shafin ya bani Admin domin karin tallafawa sosai. Nagode [[Abubakar A Gwanki]] :[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]] Naji dadin kasancewar ka bahaushe anan. Kasan babu Hausawa da yawa da zamu gina shi. Amma akwai shirye-shiryen da akeyi na farfado da it's. A wane gari kake zaune? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:27, 11 Mayu 2018 (UTC) ::Mr.Ammarpad ina zaune ne a kauyen [[Gwanki]] na karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a jihar [[Kano]] Najeriya. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]]. :::OK, da kwai shirin taro na musamman da ake fatan yi a Kano domin fadada wannan Wikipedia da kuma sawa dalibai suyi rubuta a nan, zan nemeka in sha Allah. Kuma idan ka gama rubuta bayani a shafin tattaunawa (kamar nan da muke magana) kawai ka rubuta (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) guda hudu, banda bracket din, to zaka ga sunan ka, da kwanan wata, ya fito da kanshi. Kamar yadda zaka ga nawa a kasa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:05, 12 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == [[AuwalAzare]] == This page can be deleted (again), apparently. [[User:PlyrStar93|PlyrStar93]] ([[User talk:PlyrStar93|talk]]) 04:16, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :[[User:PlyrStar93|PlyStar93]]. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 04:47, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == Auwal Azare == Barla dai malam Ammarpad, Wanda ya kirkiri wannan makalar ta '''Auwal Azare''' ya tubtubeni game da yadda za'ayi unblocking nashi. Idan da yadda za'ayi to a taimaka. Nagode AAgwanki 16:16, 19 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Gwanki]] Bani na yi blocking din shi ba. Daga can babban shafin [[Special:CentralAuth/Auwall|Meta da Wikifidiya ta Truranci]] akayi blocking din shi. Sannn '''ka daina kirkirar article akan shi''', ci gaba da yin hakan za iya ja yayi blocking dinka. Wikipedia ba wurin talla bane, kuma ba kowa ake rubuta ma tarihi ba sai sannanun mutane na hakika irin yan siyasa da makamantansu. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:30, 21 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == help == Please how to add reference and make template on Hausa articles. It's hard to me. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 07:39, 22 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]]: Yanzu babu template din anan sai an dauko su daga Wikipedia ta turanci. Amma idan kana son ka fiddo reference kawai kasa '''<nowiki><ref> .......</ref> </nowiki>''' a karshen bayanin zaka ga reference din ya fito a kasa kamar haka (<ref>misali</ref>). Inda ka ga nasa dash (....) sai ka sa link din bayanin wato kamar BBC Hausa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:54, 25 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == Databox == Hi Ammar, Well done on the translation of technical messages, I had started this a long time ago but you are way better than me at this! By the way, I have started to translate Wikidata properties into Hausa. This can be useful because since recently there is a new tool called Databox: it allows, with very simple code, to have an infobox with a lot of useful information on many articles: I have created [[Napoleon]] to give an example. As you can see all the properties are not translated yet into Hausa. It can enable us to create thousands of stubs here on the Hausa Wikipedia (or just add an infobox to the existing articles). I have put some on [[User:DonCamillo|my userpage]], you can translate them here if you want, or translate them directly on Wikidata if you are familiar with the "labels" system. Have a great day! Best regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 06:11, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC) :You're welcome {{@|DonCamillo}}, I will look into them and do the appropriate thing. By the way, I am working on new, more intuitive [[Wikipedia:Sabon babban shafi|main page here]], you can have a look and tweak as deem fit. You'll find some templates like [[Template:Articles needed|this]] and [[Template:Invite|this]] are transcluded, so they can be edited independent of main page. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 19:12, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC) == Reason for deletion of the article Abubakar A Gwanki == I have created many articles here in Hausa language Wikipedia, I didn't see anyone deleted but only one article of "Abubakar A Gwanki" why is being deleted? Nasan Dai dukkan makalolin da na kirkira shima kamar sauran ne amma kuma sai shi kadai ne naga ka goge shi. __ [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 17:14, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC) :{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} Ina so in tabbatar ma abun da kake yi a Hausa Wikipedia kana kokari, kuma ina fatan ka ida fahimtar ta baki daya. Na dauki number wayarka zan neme ka mu tattauna abubuwa da dama. Amma ka daina kirkirar mukala akanka ko wani abokinka. Mukalar insakulofidiya ana rubuta ta ne kawai akan mutane fitatattu na gaskiya. Shiya sa kaga aka goge [[:en:Abubakar A Gwanki|abunda ka rubuta a Wikipedia ta turanci]]. Na gode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:38, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC) == Translation request == Hello! May I ask you for a translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' into {{#language:ha}}? Thanks [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 18:23, 20 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) :Will do that on translatewiki –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:05, 26 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) ::It is not a MediaWiki message; just my own request. [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 19:43, 27 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) == Neman taimako Daga Abdulmalik mansur sharif == Assalamu alaikum Ammarpad, Sunana abdulmalik mansur sharif a garin kano nake ni dalibi ne maison bincike, karance-karance da kuma rubutu musamman sanin tarihi dan Allah inaso a bani dama kuma asakani a hanya nayi wasu rubutun ta yadda zan anfanar da al'ummar hausawa, nadanyi wani Karin bayani akan tarihi Michael Jackson zaku iya dubawa Ku gani Dan Allah. Ina data zaku taimakeni. :Sannu da zuwa {{@|Ameer Maleek}} na duba gyaran da kayi kuma nayi farin ciki. A halin yanzu da kwai hausawa yan kadan a shafin, ina fatan zaka ci gaba da ziyartar shi lokaci lokaci. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:56, 7 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) == Godiya == Na gode in Allah ya yarda zanci gaba da bada gudun mowa Dari bisa dari kuma Dan idan kuna da wata kungiya inaso nazama member saboda na kara kwarewa Na kuma samu Karin ilimi da kuma hanyar da zan inganta rubuce rubuce Na. Na gode :{{@|Ameer Maleek}} OK, ka ban numbarka ta waya, zan neme ka. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 13 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) aslm wai wannan malamin yana ina azaune Lamba: 08160956607 Gari: kano Nigeria == [[Kira]] == Hi Ammarpad, sorry for writing in English. An IP has blanked the page above, do you think it was correct? If it was we can delete it. Regards [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[User talk:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 05:58, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC) :Hi {{@|DARIO SEVERI}} I have restored it and will develop it very soon. It is useful stub about [[:en:Blacsmith|Blacksmithing]]. Thank you. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 06:39, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC) == David oyedepo == Wanene crista == WAM 2018 == Salam Ammarpad, Bansan ko zaka shiga cikin wannan gasar ba, amma idan kanada sha'awa zaka iya shiga, ka duba Karin bayani anan [[Wikipedia:Watan Yan'Asiya]]. Nagode. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 21:24, 8 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC) == Hausa Wikimedians User Group == Hello! [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] I would like to let you know that I have started our Hausa editors community user group [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] in order to have a connected and collaborative working environment, that would serve as a primary place for co-ordinating of activities that would support us all in our editing and order related endeavors to improve and make quality contents of the Wikimedia projects. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 12:39, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) :Thanks {{@|The Living love}}, I will take a look. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:26, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) Hello {{@|Ammarpad}}, I'm sorry for contacting you here lately but I've sent you a message through WhatsApp earlier. I've spoken with {{@|DonCamillo}} regarding the application for recognition of our UG Hausa Wikimedians as I earlier told you about, and he's given 100% support for it. I hope to hear from you after seeing my messages. Thanks [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:32, 8 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) :Hello [[user:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], as I told you, the [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] is already on recognition process with the affiliation Committee of the '''WMF''', but the changes you've made just recently has changed everything in the application form we sent, and this has affected the mission which is very crucial. Please let us adhere to the previous name and design of the group. I would also start a discussion on the home page of the project on how we can select boards and audit committee for the group. As founding members I, you and [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]]'s email were all sent to the AffCom committee and I hope they would certainly contact you. If permitted I can undo all the changes or you do it yourself, and if otherwise please let me know. Thanks -[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 02:55, 13 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) ::Zanyi reply ta WhatsApp. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:35, 14 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) :Slm [[user:Ammarpad|Ammar]] na maka magana ta whatsapp da email, dangane da message din da AffCom suka dawo dashi. Yanzu bansan me zaka ce ba.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:28, 7 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) ::Nayi reply. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:49, 8 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) == Moustapha == Hakananna sai nayi nazari == I-mel == Sannu! Na turo maka sakon I-mel. Na gode. [[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis|Engr Muhammad Khamis]] ([[User talk:Engr Muhammad Khamis|talk]]) 09:11, 10 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) narda == Gyara == Barka da rana! Ina son Na ankarar da admins wata matsala da na gano ta a wannan shafin. Matsalar kuwa itace mu masu amfani da wayoyi wajen editing wannan shafin baya bude mana a Babban Shafi (desktop version), Idan da mai yiwuwa to a gyara. - [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 11:56, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) :{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} OK, ina ganin wannan haka site din yake ne. Yanzu kaga nima ina kan wayar hannu ne, in kana son komawa desktop version, saidai ka latsa "Babban shafi" da kanka, zaka ga wurin a can kasan kowane shafi. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:08, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) == gidanhaki == Gidanhaki dai shiya ce mai din bin tarifi ta kafune tun da zuwan shehu uthaman bin fodiyo allah shi yarda dashi izuwa kawo yanzu sai dai karin suna datakeyi a sassa daban daban da fannin muhammad sani gidanhaki Slm ammarpad dan allah inaso na kirkiri shafuka na hausa Assalam == Kwankwaso,s wife == Kwankwaso,s wife == Various requests == Hello, Could you please: *Replace the [[MediaWiki:Common.css|Hausa wiki css]] with the [[:en:MediaWiki:Common.css|english wiki css]]. It fixes, amongst others, the position of the infoboxes. *Delete these two pages: [[Template:Wikibase]], [[Module:Wikibase]]. *Edit these localization pages (Just modify the values on the right hand side): **[[Template:Infobox biography/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/basketball/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/football/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/tennis/localize]]. Thanks. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 18:23, 15 Mayu 2019 (UTC) == Alijos A Shehu == Sunan DUNiYA == Ibrahim kabiru gagarawa == Ina Neman yadda zan bude account na Wikipedia :{{@| 197.210.47.39}} Ka shiga [[Special:CreateAccount]]. Ko kuma ka tura man sunanka da email ta email dina <code>ammar@wikimedia.org.ng</code>. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:04, 13 ga Yuni, 2019 (UTC) == Muhamadu == Salm YA AKEBUDE EMAIL == yusuf == Ibrahim == sa idu musa == riji yan gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu kano == sa idu musa rijiya gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu IP == Yayi daidai kobaiyiba awayar mindakai == 88465702 == Kaka ari == layisantara == lawal ninazauna awurare dabandaba naungowa natashi dagabayan garin daura sunwajan gari shadam bu == Aslm barkan'mu da warhaka ina mana patan alkhairi baki daya yan uwana musilmai == Ina godiya ga allah daya bamu damar yadda damu kasance atare da juna == babani == 112202 == Translation == I want to know if I can translate a Wikipedia article from 'English Wikipedia' to 'Hausa Wikipedia'. If yes, I want to know more about it. Thanks. == ibraheem Adamu gumel jigawa state == barkanku DA fatan kuna lafeeya I want be among members of this organization wannni yafara shugaban kasa a nejire == Neman taimako == Barkanku da aiki, ni sunana ABDULMALIK MANSUR ina zaune a garin kano nayi rijista da wannan shafi ne domin nima na bada gudunmowa. Dan Allah ina bukatar shawarwarinku da kuma taimakon ku na gode. Godiya [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 17:25, 13 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC) :Yawwa {{@|Maliky}} Barka da zuwa, kamar dame dame kake bukatar ka sani? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:31, 16 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC) Kamar yadda ake yin table da kuma saka hoto. [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 11:41, 14 Satumba 2020 (UTC) == Muhammad Huwaidahu sufi == Facebook Wkslm lafiya kalau == 0852 == Aa == Aliyu iliyasu dangada == Nima inaso nabada gudummawa sosai Dan kara bunkasa yaren hausa innasamu damar hakan dukda ba sosai nake fashintar turanciba amma ina ganeshi misali wasu kalmomi da zamuso agyagygyara kuma muna munna da akasamar da wannan shafin muna jinjina maka matuka very good, [[Special:Contributions/105.112.25.48|105.112.25.48]] 10:00, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) :Yawwa yayi kyau, kuma muna maraba daku. Zaka iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin ci gaba da tattaunawa da kuma sanin shirye shiryen mu. Kuma ya kamata ka [[Special:CreateAccount|kirkiri sabon account]] don ka samu username na dindindin. Kana iya sake tambaya na idan kana neman karin bayani. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:09, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == ismail == Labaran duniya == Abdullahi dahiru odo ogun == Barkan muda warhaka! :Yawwa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 11:58, 31 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) == na kirkira mukala == Ya zan sanya reference ::Ka duba shafinka na tattaunawa na anyi maka bayanin hakan. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:08, 16 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC) == From == Ghy == J k musa yaro == Son annabi shine so har abada shine son da mutum zai rika ya amfanar dashi duniya da lahira Allah kasa mudace allah kasamu cekinyan tatu bayin ka Asslm dan Allah ina da tambaya idan kana kusa == mansir isah == unguwar.magaji. kakngi.giwa.area.Kaduna.state Crawle == aminuidris0808811 == aminuiris == Auwal dalladi kargi == An haifi auwal a ranar 01/06/2000 == Databox == Asslm. Ammar ya ake sanya databox. Na yi translation na [[Jami'ar Jos]] amman daga baya naga '''Uncle bash''' ya saka databox. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 08:38, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) :@[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]], Za ka rubuta <nowiki>{{databox}}</nowiki> ne a farkon article din. Har da brackets (braces) din. Daga nan zaka ga information din ya fito. A wani article din kuma ba zaka gani ba, amma duk daya ne. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:04, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], na saka ma [[Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna]] yayi. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 16:34, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) ==Neman shawara== Masha Allah Gaskiya naji dadi sosai kasancewar ansamu mai kula da page na Wikipedia da Hausa hakan ba qaramin cigaba ne ba ace Yaren Hausa yasamu irin wannan daukaka ta hanyar Mr.Ammarpad. Mr. Ammarpad ina jinjina a gareka,Allah yaqara daukaka,yayimaka jagora adukan lamurranka. A qarshe ina neman shawarar ka akan yadda za,ayi nabudawa garina Salame Wikipedia,Kasancewar Salame tsohon garine mai dinbin tarihi a daular Usmaniyya Wanda shine mahaifar Sheik Abdulqadir bn Mustafa alturud Salame. Daga Kabiru Aliyu Salame,Gwadabawa local government,Sokoto state,Nigeria. [[User:Kabir salame|Kabir salame]] ([[User talk:Kabir salame|talk]]) 18:54, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) :Barka da zuwa Malam Kabir, muna farin ciki da zuwanka. :Ka duba tutorial din mu: [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]] akwai bayani sosae akan yadda zaka yi gyara da ƙirƙira sabbin muƙaloli a Wikipedia. :Akwai kuma bayani na musamman a wannan shafin shima: [[Wikipedia:Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 14 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) <u>ja layi</u> COMMUNIYT SYSTERM ALL THE USE VALU TRY [[Special:Contributions/197.210.70.246|197.210.70.246]] 23:09, 7 Disamba 2022 (UTC) == Jami u lawal == Allah yajikan zulaihatu == Databox == Barka da safe, Ammar, Ina fata kana lafiya. Congratulations on the work you are doing to add "databox" to articles where it was missing! I have been doing that manually for a long time but you have very clearly found a faster way to do it. :) Could you tell me which tool you are using? Nagode sosai, –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 07:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) :Barka da yau {{@|DonCamillo|p=}} and sannu da ƙoƙari. Yes yana da wahala manually and can be quite slow. Ina amfani ne da custom PHP code ta hanyar [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=help&modules=edit module na editing], ba tool bane dake a kan wiki ba. Nagode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) == Saifillahi Abdullahi mlf == Kaura ne katsina SANI ABAKAR S D P SOKOTO WAMAKKO LG RUGGAR MONDE AR == Abia == Anyinasarar kama dantaaddaa'ngelzarma'jihar yobe karamunhukumar fune == ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA == ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA == FUNAKAA == FUNAKAA agaskiya inada tambaya to kamar ita wannan kasar ta jamhoriyar nijar wane laifine muhammadu bazoum yake dashi har sukan yimasa juyi mulki == Gaisuwa == Na gode kwarai,muna alfahari daku wurin nuna kulawa akan mu, Godiya nake [[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]] ([[User talk:El-Abdallaah|talk]]) 07:59, 31 ga Augusta, 2023 (UTC) :Nagode, @[[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]]. Barka da ƙoƙari. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:53, 1 Satumba 2023 (UTC) == Usman abubakar == Ita rayuwa wace abace da Allah madau kakin sarki yatsa ramana ita == ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar == Ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar [[Special:Contributions/105.112.235.123|105.112.235.123]] 15:56, 9 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == maganin daji == maganin daji [[Special:Contributions/2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6|2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6]] 20:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == Ali musa == An haife shi Chida ga watan Oktoba 1986 cikin@ gari gidan kube @ dake jahar maradi [[Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism]] [[Special:Contributions/41.254.48.53|41.254.48.53]] 21:45, 24 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == Rigar kusa == "Rigar kusa" kauye ne dake karamar hukumar musawa katsina state. Rigar kusa kauye ne mai dauke dauke da yawa matasa da kuma dattawa masana sunce rigar kusa tsohon gari ne. Rigarkusa kauyika da dama yahada da yar kiya,sabongida slow,bambama da sauransu. Tana wutar nantarki da asibiti da makaranta primary da nasury. == Ghana Boy 055 == Chapiou @ [[Special:Contributions/154.160.9.24|154.160.9.24]] 12:09, 21 ga Maris, 2024 (UTC) == ALIYO == BORNO == Namespaces == Hi! You [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3A%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&diff=213527&oldid=181184 emptied] the page "Wikipedia:Ƙofan al'umma" some time ago. There was a section I added there with a question about namespace names. It can be seen here in an old revision: [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&oldid=181178#Namespaces You know the Hausa language, and you are also very experienced with MediaWiki. Can you please check the table and tell me whether the proposed names are good? Thanks! [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 18:30, 11 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC) :I made a new section about this here: [[Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma#Namespace name translations]]. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 20:01, 12 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC) == Shehu gibirima == Shehu gibirima [[Musamman:Contributions/102.91.4.40|102.91.4.40]] 19:03, 24 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Salisu garba == Assalamu alaikum inason tan baya kozan shiwaka tana da sinada rin ciwon tayi pot == Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru == Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.117.72|105.112.117.72]] 13:47, 28 ga Augusta, 2024 (UTC) == ABDULRAHMAN HARUNA == KADUNA == Bbca == A == HAUSA RIGAR SILKE == DUK WANI ABU DA YA SHAFI INGANTA HARSHEN HAUSA DA HAƁAKATA [[User:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU]] ([[User talk:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|talk]]) 15:05, 2 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC) == shaaibu == JIGAWA == SHEHU USMANU == GADA BUNGUDU ZAMFARA NIGERIA == AmmarBot for Swahili Wikipedia == Hello brother, I hope you are doing great after the series of sessions at Wikimania. I also hope you've returned safely to your home country. I was just asking about the bot issue which I shared with you back in Nairobi. Any progress so far? [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 12:36, 15 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Hello @[[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]], I am fine. I hope you reached home safely too. :I have set up the code now, I just need the translated text. Please share the welcome text. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:22, 16 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) ::Hello back @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]. I have replied to the email. [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 17:46, 17 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == 7 == uyt [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2025-29458-90|&#126;2025-29458-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2025-29458-90|talk]]) 17:51, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Taba nono na mace == Lawan abdulhamid == Lawan abdulhamid kano MIYzansa == Nakasa yin rijista == Nakasa yin rajista miyasane == SLM == SLM == Isma.il.abdul.yar.runfa == 08142754552 Aslm da farko sunana Abdul'aziz Anas ni ina yankin malumfashi ne '''mazaunin yakinkin karamar hukumar malumfashi garin YABA taken wanna rubutu da nakeyi shine ina da burin naga na wallafar da wani littafi Wanda na rubuta na da mashi suna rayuwar mu a yau .Wannan shine taken Wannan rubutu''' [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-11554-74|&#126;2026-11554-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-11554-74|talk]]) 13:02, 21 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji == suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-11940-32|&#126;2026-11940-32]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-11940-32|talk]]) 22:34, 22 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Dodik == imomaliyev [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12770-62|&#126;2026-12770-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12770-62|talk]]) 13:18, 26 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Fulani daneji == danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12974-74|&#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:35, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Tarihin fulani daneji == danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12974-74|&#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:36, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == NURA FADA MUHAMMED == assalama alaikum waramatullah ta alawabar katuhum dafar kodai sunana NURA FADA MUHAMMED MUBI kemikagai suwaga shugabannin kasarmu najeriya dakuma sauran gomnonin jahohin dake afadin najeriya tareda rokon allah subahanahu wata alamadaukakin yabawa shugaban kasar nigeria nisan kona da yawan nasarar wajenganin anshimma wannan zaben dayatinkaromu nashekara ta 2027 alfarman annabi tareda rokonku dan allah dan annabin allah idon allah yasa wanan sakon taje indanake keutata zato taje todan allah kuyikokarin nemoni a number tawa don da sauran bayanin ne al,umar najeriya 07025450283, inajiranku == inason zuwa gambiya == neman aure zasu bani [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-13669-78|&#126;2026-13669-78]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-13669-78|talk]]) 02:28, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Nazifi == yes [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-13801-80|&#126;2026-13801-80]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-13801-80|talk]]) 16:48, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Usmanisah01234@gmail.com == Usmanu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14055-73|&#126;2026-14055-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14055-73|talk]]) 20:11, 4 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == AISHA ABDULLAHI == assalama alaikum mutanen wikipedia hausa == Abdul Aziz == Ssdf [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14413-94|&#126;2026-14413-94]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14413-94|talk]]) 07:21, 6 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == YAHAYA MUSA == 6/3/2026 Ni atemakeni bandasanaa == Isah Abubakar == kaduna steste nigeria inaneman temaku kudi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14783-76|&#126;2026-14783-76]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14783-76|talk]]) 05:47, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Help == Please help me improve [[Gaza genocide|this]] article I recently created; my Hausa language skills are poor. Also, please add [[:en:Gaza_genocide|this]] article to the Hausa Wikipedia as it is important. Thank you. [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 15:48, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah == Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14911-34|&#126;2026-14911-34]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14911-34|talk]]) 18:45, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == INASONASHIGA == WALLAHI == Alkasim == alkasim [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15496-73|&#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:39, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Alkasim == alkasim [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15496-73|&#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:40, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) Jahan dosso partama nawa ne Garett [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15494-30|&#126;2026-15494-30]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15494-30|talk]]) 23:24, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Auwalu mansur gaya == A garin gaya na bada tallafin Ramadan a Kofar gidan Sarkin garin Wanda ya hada da shinkafa da wake da ruwan Leda da lemon fata == Block review == Hi! Could I ask for your review of the block on [[Musamman:Contributions/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] placed by a global sysop roughly a year ago? If you do not think their contributions necessitate it, I'd recommend removing the block. The short version on my end is that [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] created a new account, [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu mc|Adamu mc]], after their account was blocked and subsequently locked. I identified this yesterday and globally blocked the new account. However, reviewing their edits, I don't think they're actually connected to AhmedMustafaaaa. If their contributions to this wiki do not warrant a block, removing their previous account's block would be useful. Thanks for your time, and let me know if I should send this request elsewhere. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 18:40, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]], I am not very familiar with this user, but from looking at the accounts involved, I agree they are the least likely to be AhmedMustafaaaa. Although [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] appears to be independently blocked on Wikidata and MediaWiki.org for unrelated reasons, their actions here on this wiki are quite acceptable and do not warrant a block. :I am fine with removing the block from the older account. However, it is worth noting that they created Adamu_ab about a month before the first account was blocked. They then immediately switched to the second account on the day the first was blocked. They need to stick to a single account and appeal blocks from there. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:33, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]: Indeed - part of a global unblock for them would be a commitment to using a single account, and the old account will likely remain locked. Thanks for looking into this. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 14:49, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Jimi boi gk == Washer boi == (Ibrahim bako) == Bissimillahi rahamani rahim == Zanshuga == masha Allah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-17709-67|&#126;2026-17709-67]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-17709-67|talk]]) 20:02, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-17806-26|&#126;2026-17806-26]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-17806-26|talk]]) 22:04, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == I need to edit == yusuf bin shaik [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-18422-17|&#126;2026-18422-17]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-18422-17|talk]]) 01:37, 25 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Dari daya == Litafi dari daya == Gali == Gufanar da mal. Nasir el rufa'i a gabar kotu == ALI ISA JC NAWA == CHAM == Sai anjima == sai anjima [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-19045-00|&#126;2026-19045-00]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-19045-00|talk]]) 11:00, 27 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == xxwxx == pap pu wwxx [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-19636-09|&#126;2026-19636-09]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-19636-09|talk]]) 18:16, 29 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Masaudu == Ina son koyon NAHAWU [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20180-81|&#126;2026-20180-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20180-81|talk]]) 10:05, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Ina bukatar taimakonku == Ina bukatar taimakonku [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20156-98|&#126;2026-20156-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20156-98|talk]]) 12:50, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Menene amfanin na'a na'a. == Menene amfanin na'a na'a. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20503-90|&#126;2026-20503-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20503-90|talk]]) 01:46, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Learning physics topics == Explain why ph [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20678-19|&#126;2026-20678-19]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20678-19|talk]]) 08:30, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == ١٢٣٤٥ == روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20875-04|&#126;2026-20875-04]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20875-04|talk]]) 15:56, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Chrome == روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20860-61|&#126;2026-20860-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20860-61|talk]]) 16:09, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Inason shiga kasara == yanada sauki kokuma yabinyake Kuma yakudian kasar suke [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21619-45|&#126;2026-21619-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21619-45|talk]]) 15:43, 7 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Fty == Fg [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21613-47|&#126;2026-21613-47]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21613-47|talk]]) 04:11, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alikirashi45 == alikirashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21759-98|&#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alikirashi45 == alikirashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21759-98|&#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:06, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Jibril auwal hamza == Inaso Na goge asusuna Na access bank Nada Wani asusuna Yaya zanyi domin Yin hakan == Usseni. Ibbirashim == 08133144879 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23155-49|&#126;2026-23155-49]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23155-49|talk]]) 14:59, 14 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Correction == The image of the statue, is not of Tullio Moneta but that of his Uncle/Great uncle, Ernesto Theodore Moneta. Tullio lived in Johannesburg, South Africa, not Durban. Mike Hoare lived in the Durban area. Wikipedia is a popular site as a source of credible information. Please be certain of facts before posting information on people. Thank you. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23654-39|&#126;2026-23654-39]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23654-39|talk]]) 17:00, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Ahmad Rufai == Ahmad Rufai [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23571-21|&#126;2026-23571-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23571-21|talk]]) 23:36, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Sutura == Sutura [[User:Ahamad roufaï|Ahamad roufaï]] ([[User talk:Ahamad roufaï|talk]]) 23:44, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24499-81|&#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:23, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 867anq2tyui6owyb7eazmq3eaf01b7f 824098 824097 2026-04-22T09:24:09Z ~2026-24499-81 44216 /* Misali kasa ko bishyu haka */ sabon sashe 824098 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa == Hi, Welcome on the Hausa Wikipedia. Sorry that this message is in English - we are very few editors here and most of us speak only basic/survival Hausa... so I'm very glad to see that someone who speaks fluently has just arrived. Wishing you a good time contributing to this project (please spread the news around you, since it needs more Hausa speakers!), --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:30, 12 Agusta 2017 (UTC) :Nagode [[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], Zanyi kokari in jawo mutane don mu inganta [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. :Thank you [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], I will try to draw more people to help develop this [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:47, 10 Satumba 2017 (UTC) ::Congratulations on your recent edits! I just wanted to ask if you had received my email from last week (there is a project in order to promote Wikipedia among Hausa speakers that I would like to talk you about), and if not, at which email address I could reach out to you. Thanks a lot, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:03, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) :::Thanks Don. I have received it, and I will reply you there –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:23, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ::::I replied. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:48, 6 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) :Hello, iam jalamcy2023 by name iam also a participant of Wikipedia, I used to edits in wikis, so iam try to filled the data support form but it refuse to open for me I don't no what's wrong, and I need the data because I don't have money to buy, please I need your help, so that I should continue my work in Wikipedia, I really enjoyed working with you. Thanks [[User:Jalamcy2023|Jalamcy2023]] ([[User talk:Jalamcy2023|talk]]) 14:28, 12 Satumba 2023 (UTC) == Help == I am Hausa by tribe,and I am interested to start editing and creating some page need ur help don Camilo and ammar,sorry nt gud in speaking English. [[User:Slmdbr|Slmdbr]] ([[User talk:Slmdbr|talk]]) 15:20, 21 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ==Translation of three sentences== Dear Ammarpad, I hope this finds you well. [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] posted this request on my talk page, but sadly my Hausa is too weak to translate it correctly. Maybe you will be able to help him? Thanks a lot, kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 12:29, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) We are working on an offline distribution system for Wikipedia in Nigeria. Am needing help with the translation of the three sentences '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Internet-in-a-Box/Nigeria#Hausa here]'''. Wondering if you can help. Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 11:48, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) *@Doc James and DonCamillo. I have translated it. I will also send someone to translate the Igbo, if no one did. Thank you all. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 00:01, 15 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) :Thanks a lot! :) --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC) == Facebook page == Dear Ammar, Just to mention that I have just created a Facebook page regarding the Hausa Wikipedia, in order to get more interest from Hausa-speaking people: you're welcome if you want to like it or share it with your friends: [https://www.facebook.com/HausaWikipedia/ Hausa Wikipedia] Thanks a lot, Kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC) :Thanks a lot. I have seen it, will share too. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:48, 8 Maris 2018 (UTC) == Neman Admin == Barka dai Mr.Ammarpad, Ina da matukar sha'awa sosai na taimaka a wannan shafin na hausa Wikipedia. Ni Bahaushe ne kuma ina gane Turanci, na fassara makaloli da dama daga Turanci Zuwa Hausa sabo da haka ne nake nema wannan shafin ya bani Admin domin karin tallafawa sosai. Nagode [[Abubakar A Gwanki]] :[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]] Naji dadin kasancewar ka bahaushe anan. Kasan babu Hausawa da yawa da zamu gina shi. Amma akwai shirye-shiryen da akeyi na farfado da it's. A wane gari kake zaune? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:27, 11 Mayu 2018 (UTC) ::Mr.Ammarpad ina zaune ne a kauyen [[Gwanki]] na karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a jihar [[Kano]] Najeriya. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]]. :::OK, da kwai shirin taro na musamman da ake fatan yi a Kano domin fadada wannan Wikipedia da kuma sawa dalibai suyi rubuta a nan, zan nemeka in sha Allah. Kuma idan ka gama rubuta bayani a shafin tattaunawa (kamar nan da muke magana) kawai ka rubuta (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) guda hudu, banda bracket din, to zaka ga sunan ka, da kwanan wata, ya fito da kanshi. Kamar yadda zaka ga nawa a kasa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:05, 12 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == [[AuwalAzare]] == This page can be deleted (again), apparently. [[User:PlyrStar93|PlyrStar93]] ([[User talk:PlyrStar93|talk]]) 04:16, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :[[User:PlyrStar93|PlyStar93]]. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 04:47, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == Auwal Azare == Barla dai malam Ammarpad, Wanda ya kirkiri wannan makalar ta '''Auwal Azare''' ya tubtubeni game da yadda za'ayi unblocking nashi. Idan da yadda za'ayi to a taimaka. Nagode AAgwanki 16:16, 19 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Gwanki]] Bani na yi blocking din shi ba. Daga can babban shafin [[Special:CentralAuth/Auwall|Meta da Wikifidiya ta Truranci]] akayi blocking din shi. Sannn '''ka daina kirkirar article akan shi''', ci gaba da yin hakan za iya ja yayi blocking dinka. Wikipedia ba wurin talla bane, kuma ba kowa ake rubuta ma tarihi ba sai sannanun mutane na hakika irin yan siyasa da makamantansu. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:30, 21 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == help == Please how to add reference and make template on Hausa articles. It's hard to me. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 07:39, 22 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]]: Yanzu babu template din anan sai an dauko su daga Wikipedia ta turanci. Amma idan kana son ka fiddo reference kawai kasa '''<nowiki><ref> .......</ref> </nowiki>''' a karshen bayanin zaka ga reference din ya fito a kasa kamar haka (<ref>misali</ref>). Inda ka ga nasa dash (....) sai ka sa link din bayanin wato kamar BBC Hausa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:54, 25 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == Databox == Hi Ammar, Well done on the translation of technical messages, I had started this a long time ago but you are way better than me at this! By the way, I have started to translate Wikidata properties into Hausa. This can be useful because since recently there is a new tool called Databox: it allows, with very simple code, to have an infobox with a lot of useful information on many articles: I have created [[Napoleon]] to give an example. As you can see all the properties are not translated yet into Hausa. It can enable us to create thousands of stubs here on the Hausa Wikipedia (or just add an infobox to the existing articles). I have put some on [[User:DonCamillo|my userpage]], you can translate them here if you want, or translate them directly on Wikidata if you are familiar with the "labels" system. Have a great day! Best regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 06:11, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC) :You're welcome {{@|DonCamillo}}, I will look into them and do the appropriate thing. By the way, I am working on new, more intuitive [[Wikipedia:Sabon babban shafi|main page here]], you can have a look and tweak as deem fit. You'll find some templates like [[Template:Articles needed|this]] and [[Template:Invite|this]] are transcluded, so they can be edited independent of main page. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 19:12, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC) == Reason for deletion of the article Abubakar A Gwanki == I have created many articles here in Hausa language Wikipedia, I didn't see anyone deleted but only one article of "Abubakar A Gwanki" why is being deleted? Nasan Dai dukkan makalolin da na kirkira shima kamar sauran ne amma kuma sai shi kadai ne naga ka goge shi. __ [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 17:14, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC) :{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} Ina so in tabbatar ma abun da kake yi a Hausa Wikipedia kana kokari, kuma ina fatan ka ida fahimtar ta baki daya. Na dauki number wayarka zan neme ka mu tattauna abubuwa da dama. Amma ka daina kirkirar mukala akanka ko wani abokinka. Mukalar insakulofidiya ana rubuta ta ne kawai akan mutane fitatattu na gaskiya. Shiya sa kaga aka goge [[:en:Abubakar A Gwanki|abunda ka rubuta a Wikipedia ta turanci]]. Na gode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:38, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC) == Translation request == Hello! May I ask you for a translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' into {{#language:ha}}? Thanks [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 18:23, 20 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) :Will do that on translatewiki –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:05, 26 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) ::It is not a MediaWiki message; just my own request. [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 19:43, 27 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) == Neman taimako Daga Abdulmalik mansur sharif == Assalamu alaikum Ammarpad, Sunana abdulmalik mansur sharif a garin kano nake ni dalibi ne maison bincike, karance-karance da kuma rubutu musamman sanin tarihi dan Allah inaso a bani dama kuma asakani a hanya nayi wasu rubutun ta yadda zan anfanar da al'ummar hausawa, nadanyi wani Karin bayani akan tarihi Michael Jackson zaku iya dubawa Ku gani Dan Allah. Ina data zaku taimakeni. :Sannu da zuwa {{@|Ameer Maleek}} na duba gyaran da kayi kuma nayi farin ciki. A halin yanzu da kwai hausawa yan kadan a shafin, ina fatan zaka ci gaba da ziyartar shi lokaci lokaci. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:56, 7 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) == Godiya == Na gode in Allah ya yarda zanci gaba da bada gudun mowa Dari bisa dari kuma Dan idan kuna da wata kungiya inaso nazama member saboda na kara kwarewa Na kuma samu Karin ilimi da kuma hanyar da zan inganta rubuce rubuce Na. Na gode :{{@|Ameer Maleek}} OK, ka ban numbarka ta waya, zan neme ka. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 13 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) aslm wai wannan malamin yana ina azaune Lamba: 08160956607 Gari: kano Nigeria == [[Kira]] == Hi Ammarpad, sorry for writing in English. An IP has blanked the page above, do you think it was correct? If it was we can delete it. Regards [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[User talk:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 05:58, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC) :Hi {{@|DARIO SEVERI}} I have restored it and will develop it very soon. It is useful stub about [[:en:Blacsmith|Blacksmithing]]. Thank you. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 06:39, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC) == David oyedepo == Wanene crista == WAM 2018 == Salam Ammarpad, Bansan ko zaka shiga cikin wannan gasar ba, amma idan kanada sha'awa zaka iya shiga, ka duba Karin bayani anan [[Wikipedia:Watan Yan'Asiya]]. Nagode. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 21:24, 8 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC) == Hausa Wikimedians User Group == Hello! [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] I would like to let you know that I have started our Hausa editors community user group [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] in order to have a connected and collaborative working environment, that would serve as a primary place for co-ordinating of activities that would support us all in our editing and order related endeavors to improve and make quality contents of the Wikimedia projects. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 12:39, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) :Thanks {{@|The Living love}}, I will take a look. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:26, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) Hello {{@|Ammarpad}}, I'm sorry for contacting you here lately but I've sent you a message through WhatsApp earlier. I've spoken with {{@|DonCamillo}} regarding the application for recognition of our UG Hausa Wikimedians as I earlier told you about, and he's given 100% support for it. I hope to hear from you after seeing my messages. Thanks [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:32, 8 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) :Hello [[user:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], as I told you, the [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] is already on recognition process with the affiliation Committee of the '''WMF''', but the changes you've made just recently has changed everything in the application form we sent, and this has affected the mission which is very crucial. Please let us adhere to the previous name and design of the group. I would also start a discussion on the home page of the project on how we can select boards and audit committee for the group. As founding members I, you and [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]]'s email were all sent to the AffCom committee and I hope they would certainly contact you. If permitted I can undo all the changes or you do it yourself, and if otherwise please let me know. Thanks -[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 02:55, 13 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) ::Zanyi reply ta WhatsApp. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:35, 14 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) :Slm [[user:Ammarpad|Ammar]] na maka magana ta whatsapp da email, dangane da message din da AffCom suka dawo dashi. Yanzu bansan me zaka ce ba.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:28, 7 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) ::Nayi reply. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:49, 8 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) == Moustapha == Hakananna sai nayi nazari == I-mel == Sannu! Na turo maka sakon I-mel. Na gode. [[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis|Engr Muhammad Khamis]] ([[User talk:Engr Muhammad Khamis|talk]]) 09:11, 10 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) narda == Gyara == Barka da rana! Ina son Na ankarar da admins wata matsala da na gano ta a wannan shafin. Matsalar kuwa itace mu masu amfani da wayoyi wajen editing wannan shafin baya bude mana a Babban Shafi (desktop version), Idan da mai yiwuwa to a gyara. - [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 11:56, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) :{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} OK, ina ganin wannan haka site din yake ne. Yanzu kaga nima ina kan wayar hannu ne, in kana son komawa desktop version, saidai ka latsa "Babban shafi" da kanka, zaka ga wurin a can kasan kowane shafi. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:08, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) == gidanhaki == Gidanhaki dai shiya ce mai din bin tarifi ta kafune tun da zuwan shehu uthaman bin fodiyo allah shi yarda dashi izuwa kawo yanzu sai dai karin suna datakeyi a sassa daban daban da fannin muhammad sani gidanhaki Slm ammarpad dan allah inaso na kirkiri shafuka na hausa Assalam == Kwankwaso,s wife == Kwankwaso,s wife == Various requests == Hello, Could you please: *Replace the [[MediaWiki:Common.css|Hausa wiki css]] with the [[:en:MediaWiki:Common.css|english wiki css]]. It fixes, amongst others, the position of the infoboxes. *Delete these two pages: [[Template:Wikibase]], [[Module:Wikibase]]. *Edit these localization pages (Just modify the values on the right hand side): **[[Template:Infobox biography/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/basketball/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/football/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/tennis/localize]]. Thanks. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 18:23, 15 Mayu 2019 (UTC) == Alijos A Shehu == Sunan DUNiYA == Ibrahim kabiru gagarawa == Ina Neman yadda zan bude account na Wikipedia :{{@| 197.210.47.39}} Ka shiga [[Special:CreateAccount]]. Ko kuma ka tura man sunanka da email ta email dina <code>ammar@wikimedia.org.ng</code>. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:04, 13 ga Yuni, 2019 (UTC) == Muhamadu == Salm YA AKEBUDE EMAIL == yusuf == Ibrahim == sa idu musa == riji yan gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu kano == sa idu musa rijiya gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu IP == Yayi daidai kobaiyiba awayar mindakai == 88465702 == Kaka ari == layisantara == lawal ninazauna awurare dabandaba naungowa natashi dagabayan garin daura sunwajan gari shadam bu == Aslm barkan'mu da warhaka ina mana patan alkhairi baki daya yan uwana musilmai == Ina godiya ga allah daya bamu damar yadda damu kasance atare da juna == babani == 112202 == Translation == I want to know if I can translate a Wikipedia article from 'English Wikipedia' to 'Hausa Wikipedia'. If yes, I want to know more about it. Thanks. == ibraheem Adamu gumel jigawa state == barkanku DA fatan kuna lafeeya I want be among members of this organization wannni yafara shugaban kasa a nejire == Neman taimako == Barkanku da aiki, ni sunana ABDULMALIK MANSUR ina zaune a garin kano nayi rijista da wannan shafi ne domin nima na bada gudunmowa. Dan Allah ina bukatar shawarwarinku da kuma taimakon ku na gode. Godiya [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 17:25, 13 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC) :Yawwa {{@|Maliky}} Barka da zuwa, kamar dame dame kake bukatar ka sani? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:31, 16 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC) Kamar yadda ake yin table da kuma saka hoto. [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 11:41, 14 Satumba 2020 (UTC) == Muhammad Huwaidahu sufi == Facebook Wkslm lafiya kalau == 0852 == Aa == Aliyu iliyasu dangada == Nima inaso nabada gudummawa sosai Dan kara bunkasa yaren hausa innasamu damar hakan dukda ba sosai nake fashintar turanciba amma ina ganeshi misali wasu kalmomi da zamuso agyagygyara kuma muna munna da akasamar da wannan shafin muna jinjina maka matuka very good, [[Special:Contributions/105.112.25.48|105.112.25.48]] 10:00, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) :Yawwa yayi kyau, kuma muna maraba daku. Zaka iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin ci gaba da tattaunawa da kuma sanin shirye shiryen mu. Kuma ya kamata ka [[Special:CreateAccount|kirkiri sabon account]] don ka samu username na dindindin. Kana iya sake tambaya na idan kana neman karin bayani. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:09, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == ismail == Labaran duniya == Abdullahi dahiru odo ogun == Barkan muda warhaka! :Yawwa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 11:58, 31 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) == na kirkira mukala == Ya zan sanya reference ::Ka duba shafinka na tattaunawa na anyi maka bayanin hakan. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:08, 16 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC) == From == Ghy == J k musa yaro == Son annabi shine so har abada shine son da mutum zai rika ya amfanar dashi duniya da lahira Allah kasa mudace allah kasamu cekinyan tatu bayin ka Asslm dan Allah ina da tambaya idan kana kusa == mansir isah == unguwar.magaji. kakngi.giwa.area.Kaduna.state Crawle == aminuidris0808811 == aminuiris == Auwal dalladi kargi == An haifi auwal a ranar 01/06/2000 == Databox == Asslm. Ammar ya ake sanya databox. Na yi translation na [[Jami'ar Jos]] amman daga baya naga '''Uncle bash''' ya saka databox. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 08:38, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) :@[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]], Za ka rubuta <nowiki>{{databox}}</nowiki> ne a farkon article din. Har da brackets (braces) din. Daga nan zaka ga information din ya fito. A wani article din kuma ba zaka gani ba, amma duk daya ne. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:04, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], na saka ma [[Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna]] yayi. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 16:34, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) ==Neman shawara== Masha Allah Gaskiya naji dadi sosai kasancewar ansamu mai kula da page na Wikipedia da Hausa hakan ba qaramin cigaba ne ba ace Yaren Hausa yasamu irin wannan daukaka ta hanyar Mr.Ammarpad. Mr. Ammarpad ina jinjina a gareka,Allah yaqara daukaka,yayimaka jagora adukan lamurranka. A qarshe ina neman shawarar ka akan yadda za,ayi nabudawa garina Salame Wikipedia,Kasancewar Salame tsohon garine mai dinbin tarihi a daular Usmaniyya Wanda shine mahaifar Sheik Abdulqadir bn Mustafa alturud Salame. Daga Kabiru Aliyu Salame,Gwadabawa local government,Sokoto state,Nigeria. [[User:Kabir salame|Kabir salame]] ([[User talk:Kabir salame|talk]]) 18:54, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) :Barka da zuwa Malam Kabir, muna farin ciki da zuwanka. :Ka duba tutorial din mu: [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]] akwai bayani sosae akan yadda zaka yi gyara da ƙirƙira sabbin muƙaloli a Wikipedia. :Akwai kuma bayani na musamman a wannan shafin shima: [[Wikipedia:Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 14 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) <u>ja layi</u> COMMUNIYT SYSTERM ALL THE USE VALU TRY [[Special:Contributions/197.210.70.246|197.210.70.246]] 23:09, 7 Disamba 2022 (UTC) == Jami u lawal == Allah yajikan zulaihatu == Databox == Barka da safe, Ammar, Ina fata kana lafiya. Congratulations on the work you are doing to add "databox" to articles where it was missing! I have been doing that manually for a long time but you have very clearly found a faster way to do it. :) Could you tell me which tool you are using? Nagode sosai, –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 07:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) :Barka da yau {{@|DonCamillo|p=}} and sannu da ƙoƙari. Yes yana da wahala manually and can be quite slow. Ina amfani ne da custom PHP code ta hanyar [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=help&modules=edit module na editing], ba tool bane dake a kan wiki ba. Nagode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) == Saifillahi Abdullahi mlf == Kaura ne katsina SANI ABAKAR S D P SOKOTO WAMAKKO LG RUGGAR MONDE AR == Abia == Anyinasarar kama dantaaddaa'ngelzarma'jihar yobe karamunhukumar fune == ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA == ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA == FUNAKAA == FUNAKAA agaskiya inada tambaya to kamar ita wannan kasar ta jamhoriyar nijar wane laifine muhammadu bazoum yake dashi har sukan yimasa juyi mulki == Gaisuwa == Na gode kwarai,muna alfahari daku wurin nuna kulawa akan mu, Godiya nake [[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]] ([[User talk:El-Abdallaah|talk]]) 07:59, 31 ga Augusta, 2023 (UTC) :Nagode, @[[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]]. Barka da ƙoƙari. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:53, 1 Satumba 2023 (UTC) == Usman abubakar == Ita rayuwa wace abace da Allah madau kakin sarki yatsa ramana ita == ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar == Ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar [[Special:Contributions/105.112.235.123|105.112.235.123]] 15:56, 9 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == maganin daji == maganin daji [[Special:Contributions/2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6|2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6]] 20:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == Ali musa == An haife shi Chida ga watan Oktoba 1986 cikin@ gari gidan kube @ dake jahar maradi [[Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism]] [[Special:Contributions/41.254.48.53|41.254.48.53]] 21:45, 24 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == Rigar kusa == "Rigar kusa" kauye ne dake karamar hukumar musawa katsina state. Rigar kusa kauye ne mai dauke dauke da yawa matasa da kuma dattawa masana sunce rigar kusa tsohon gari ne. Rigarkusa kauyika da dama yahada da yar kiya,sabongida slow,bambama da sauransu. Tana wutar nantarki da asibiti da makaranta primary da nasury. == Ghana Boy 055 == Chapiou @ [[Special:Contributions/154.160.9.24|154.160.9.24]] 12:09, 21 ga Maris, 2024 (UTC) == ALIYO == BORNO == Namespaces == Hi! You [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3A%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&diff=213527&oldid=181184 emptied] the page "Wikipedia:Ƙofan al'umma" some time ago. There was a section I added there with a question about namespace names. It can be seen here in an old revision: [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&oldid=181178#Namespaces You know the Hausa language, and you are also very experienced with MediaWiki. Can you please check the table and tell me whether the proposed names are good? Thanks! [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 18:30, 11 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC) :I made a new section about this here: [[Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma#Namespace name translations]]. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 20:01, 12 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC) == Shehu gibirima == Shehu gibirima [[Musamman:Contributions/102.91.4.40|102.91.4.40]] 19:03, 24 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Salisu garba == Assalamu alaikum inason tan baya kozan shiwaka tana da sinada rin ciwon tayi pot == Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru == Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.117.72|105.112.117.72]] 13:47, 28 ga Augusta, 2024 (UTC) == ABDULRAHMAN HARUNA == KADUNA == Bbca == A == HAUSA RIGAR SILKE == DUK WANI ABU DA YA SHAFI INGANTA HARSHEN HAUSA DA HAƁAKATA [[User:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU]] ([[User talk:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|talk]]) 15:05, 2 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC) == shaaibu == JIGAWA == SHEHU USMANU == GADA BUNGUDU ZAMFARA NIGERIA == AmmarBot for Swahili Wikipedia == Hello brother, I hope you are doing great after the series of sessions at Wikimania. I also hope you've returned safely to your home country. I was just asking about the bot issue which I shared with you back in Nairobi. Any progress so far? [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 12:36, 15 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Hello @[[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]], I am fine. I hope you reached home safely too. :I have set up the code now, I just need the translated text. Please share the welcome text. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:22, 16 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) ::Hello back @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]. I have replied to the email. [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 17:46, 17 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == 7 == uyt [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2025-29458-90|&#126;2025-29458-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2025-29458-90|talk]]) 17:51, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Taba nono na mace == Lawan abdulhamid == Lawan abdulhamid kano MIYzansa == Nakasa yin rijista == Nakasa yin rajista miyasane == SLM == SLM == Isma.il.abdul.yar.runfa == 08142754552 Aslm da farko sunana Abdul'aziz Anas ni ina yankin malumfashi ne '''mazaunin yakinkin karamar hukumar malumfashi garin YABA taken wanna rubutu da nakeyi shine ina da burin naga na wallafar da wani littafi Wanda na rubuta na da mashi suna rayuwar mu a yau .Wannan shine taken Wannan rubutu''' [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-11554-74|&#126;2026-11554-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-11554-74|talk]]) 13:02, 21 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji == suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-11940-32|&#126;2026-11940-32]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-11940-32|talk]]) 22:34, 22 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Dodik == imomaliyev [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12770-62|&#126;2026-12770-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12770-62|talk]]) 13:18, 26 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Fulani daneji == danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12974-74|&#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:35, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Tarihin fulani daneji == danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12974-74|&#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:36, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == NURA FADA MUHAMMED == assalama alaikum waramatullah ta alawabar katuhum dafar kodai sunana NURA FADA MUHAMMED MUBI kemikagai suwaga shugabannin kasarmu najeriya dakuma sauran gomnonin jahohin dake afadin najeriya tareda rokon allah subahanahu wata alamadaukakin yabawa shugaban kasar nigeria nisan kona da yawan nasarar wajenganin anshimma wannan zaben dayatinkaromu nashekara ta 2027 alfarman annabi tareda rokonku dan allah dan annabin allah idon allah yasa wanan sakon taje indanake keutata zato taje todan allah kuyikokarin nemoni a number tawa don da sauran bayanin ne al,umar najeriya 07025450283, inajiranku == inason zuwa gambiya == neman aure zasu bani [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-13669-78|&#126;2026-13669-78]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-13669-78|talk]]) 02:28, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Nazifi == yes [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-13801-80|&#126;2026-13801-80]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-13801-80|talk]]) 16:48, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Usmanisah01234@gmail.com == Usmanu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14055-73|&#126;2026-14055-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14055-73|talk]]) 20:11, 4 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == AISHA ABDULLAHI == assalama alaikum mutanen wikipedia hausa == Abdul Aziz == Ssdf [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14413-94|&#126;2026-14413-94]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14413-94|talk]]) 07:21, 6 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == YAHAYA MUSA == 6/3/2026 Ni atemakeni bandasanaa == Isah Abubakar == kaduna steste nigeria inaneman temaku kudi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14783-76|&#126;2026-14783-76]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14783-76|talk]]) 05:47, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Help == Please help me improve [[Gaza genocide|this]] article I recently created; my Hausa language skills are poor. Also, please add [[:en:Gaza_genocide|this]] article to the Hausa Wikipedia as it is important. Thank you. [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 15:48, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah == Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14911-34|&#126;2026-14911-34]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14911-34|talk]]) 18:45, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == INASONASHIGA == WALLAHI == Alkasim == alkasim [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15496-73|&#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:39, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Alkasim == alkasim [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15496-73|&#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:40, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) Jahan dosso partama nawa ne Garett [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15494-30|&#126;2026-15494-30]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15494-30|talk]]) 23:24, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Auwalu mansur gaya == A garin gaya na bada tallafin Ramadan a Kofar gidan Sarkin garin Wanda ya hada da shinkafa da wake da ruwan Leda da lemon fata == Block review == Hi! Could I ask for your review of the block on [[Musamman:Contributions/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] placed by a global sysop roughly a year ago? If you do not think their contributions necessitate it, I'd recommend removing the block. The short version on my end is that [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] created a new account, [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu mc|Adamu mc]], after their account was blocked and subsequently locked. I identified this yesterday and globally blocked the new account. However, reviewing their edits, I don't think they're actually connected to AhmedMustafaaaa. If their contributions to this wiki do not warrant a block, removing their previous account's block would be useful. Thanks for your time, and let me know if I should send this request elsewhere. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 18:40, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]], I am not very familiar with this user, but from looking at the accounts involved, I agree they are the least likely to be AhmedMustafaaaa. Although [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] appears to be independently blocked on Wikidata and MediaWiki.org for unrelated reasons, their actions here on this wiki are quite acceptable and do not warrant a block. :I am fine with removing the block from the older account. However, it is worth noting that they created Adamu_ab about a month before the first account was blocked. They then immediately switched to the second account on the day the first was blocked. They need to stick to a single account and appeal blocks from there. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:33, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]: Indeed - part of a global unblock for them would be a commitment to using a single account, and the old account will likely remain locked. Thanks for looking into this. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 14:49, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Jimi boi gk == Washer boi == (Ibrahim bako) == Bissimillahi rahamani rahim == Zanshuga == masha Allah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-17709-67|&#126;2026-17709-67]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-17709-67|talk]]) 20:02, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-17806-26|&#126;2026-17806-26]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-17806-26|talk]]) 22:04, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == I need to edit == yusuf bin shaik [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-18422-17|&#126;2026-18422-17]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-18422-17|talk]]) 01:37, 25 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Dari daya == Litafi dari daya == Gali == Gufanar da mal. Nasir el rufa'i a gabar kotu == ALI ISA JC NAWA == CHAM == Sai anjima == sai anjima [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-19045-00|&#126;2026-19045-00]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-19045-00|talk]]) 11:00, 27 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == xxwxx == pap pu wwxx [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-19636-09|&#126;2026-19636-09]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-19636-09|talk]]) 18:16, 29 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Masaudu == Ina son koyon NAHAWU [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20180-81|&#126;2026-20180-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20180-81|talk]]) 10:05, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Ina bukatar taimakonku == Ina bukatar taimakonku [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20156-98|&#126;2026-20156-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20156-98|talk]]) 12:50, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Menene amfanin na'a na'a. == Menene amfanin na'a na'a. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20503-90|&#126;2026-20503-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20503-90|talk]]) 01:46, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Learning physics topics == Explain why ph [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20678-19|&#126;2026-20678-19]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20678-19|talk]]) 08:30, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == ١٢٣٤٥ == روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20875-04|&#126;2026-20875-04]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20875-04|talk]]) 15:56, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Chrome == روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20860-61|&#126;2026-20860-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20860-61|talk]]) 16:09, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Inason shiga kasara == yanada sauki kokuma yabinyake Kuma yakudian kasar suke [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21619-45|&#126;2026-21619-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21619-45|talk]]) 15:43, 7 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Fty == Fg [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21613-47|&#126;2026-21613-47]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21613-47|talk]]) 04:11, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alikirashi45 == alikirashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21759-98|&#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alikirashi45 == alikirashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21759-98|&#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:06, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Jibril auwal hamza == Inaso Na goge asusuna Na access bank Nada Wani asusuna Yaya zanyi domin Yin hakan == Usseni. Ibbirashim == 08133144879 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23155-49|&#126;2026-23155-49]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23155-49|talk]]) 14:59, 14 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Correction == The image of the statue, is not of Tullio Moneta but that of his Uncle/Great uncle, Ernesto Theodore Moneta. Tullio lived in Johannesburg, South Africa, not Durban. Mike Hoare lived in the Durban area. Wikipedia is a popular site as a source of credible information. Please be certain of facts before posting information on people. Thank you. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23654-39|&#126;2026-23654-39]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23654-39|talk]]) 17:00, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Ahmad Rufai == Ahmad Rufai [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23571-21|&#126;2026-23571-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23571-21|talk]]) 23:36, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Sutura == Sutura [[User:Ahamad roufaï|Ahamad roufaï]] ([[User talk:Ahamad roufaï|talk]]) 23:44, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24499-81|&#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:23, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Misali kasa ko bishyu haka == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24499-81|&#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:24, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) snjsavmhz5doew24r4ori3nt7w5pa79 0 6645 823936 786214 2026-04-22T04:56:51Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Nijeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban kasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki daya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar yaya biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Nijeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka karo dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan dabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai tayi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karban mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] tq2cth14lxgh8m4c3xgjgftj3oqvphk 823937 823936 2026-04-22T04:57:24Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Nijeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban kasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki daya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar yaya biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Nijeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka karo dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan dabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai tayi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karban mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] hjqmikv5pjnw13fjml8z8j1dg259huy 823938 823937 2026-04-22T04:58:29Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban kasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki daya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar yaya biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Nijeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka karo dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan dabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai tayi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karban mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] ej2yaz33wx0zefpf0xqyr8bw2wqht11 823939 823938 2026-04-22T04:59:07Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban kasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki daya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar yaya biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Nijeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka karo dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan dabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai tayi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karban mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] cqgs80v4u3q7aova6w8tf2kl2xvad12 823940 823939 2026-04-22T04:59:55Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki daya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar yaya biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Nijeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka karo dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan dabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai tayi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karban mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] 1hbqo3a10kdz7eiberp959o75ce3fp0 823941 823940 2026-04-22T05:00:53Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar yaya biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Nijeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka karo dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan dabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai tayi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karban mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] ml1t9fwaypjaz507liq9177u2wumf5b 823942 823941 2026-04-22T05:01:44Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Nijeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka karo dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan dabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai tayi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karban mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] 2jbguxlkawgmn7532wgiybiw8dv1z45 823944 823942 2026-04-22T05:02:15Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka karo dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan dabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai tayi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karban mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] kzmywjw73zd57vjq3jsb4eeqcvjqolo 823945 823944 2026-04-22T05:02:58Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan dabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai tayi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karban mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] 6e2mhluel66r73mku6wna495tu4h1dx 823946 823945 2026-04-22T05:03:51Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai tayi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karban mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] nvwna5t2x3prp0evl92qdbmypw6zmzq 823947 823946 2026-04-22T05:05:06Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karban mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] fcqu7zqozvuzuw7nklpr2svvc0ma329 823948 823947 2026-04-22T05:06:49Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] r38w5wgfx12le6zb2y0q1dzch5obn9t 823949 823948 2026-04-22T05:07:56Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] 1ujg37dm28npi1tt302z78thzdsxf5s 823950 823949 2026-04-22T05:08:50Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] 1zgpj0yxb54ewz1corm8jfvazzpsx81 823951 823950 2026-04-22T05:09:28Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] 6xyd097t6javd3kt5vblq15kk72qaew 823952 823951 2026-04-22T05:10:26Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari yayi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] knpyp5fcg56184qk8qdhkwbmoqsgc8o 823953 823952 2026-04-22T05:11:25Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] 5sj3wgk0lu0b2q8ph7gnvtvh62bnzew 823955 823953 2026-04-22T05:12:13Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekara biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu Shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] dtgeui4fv7y76krz6i0ht8mw78jl5qc 823956 823955 2026-04-22T05:13:18Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekaru biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu Shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] n3y46z0j9gnt6cw97xn9p34whv88dsq 823957 823956 2026-04-22T05:13:53Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekaru biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu Shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na Shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] 3qxhormnfbw0tm0jc9ulkz5ne3byxmx 823958 823957 2026-04-22T05:14:38Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekaru biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa Shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu Shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na Shehu shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] j33ek064dgdssqwipm3zckox0t6ca74 823959 823958 2026-04-22T05:15:03Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekaru biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa Shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu Shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na Shehu Shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] 8ea05ng7eltkabjh0p1el7h7egawn4s 823960 823959 2026-04-22T05:15:34Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekaru biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa Shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu Shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na Shehu Shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar Shehu shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] lrzvpy8hijnmd2txjvrvg3lkkf680za 823961 823960 2026-04-22T05:16:28Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekaru biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa Shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu Shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na Shehu Shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar Shehu Shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] 3511fz3cmw6b9szby3r5dfkrb4nh7mk 823962 823961 2026-04-22T05:17:11Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekaru biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa Shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu Shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na Shehu Shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar Shehu Shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da Shehu shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] r1etek3m5ekdeg5ck7iqt6meshz0apa 823963 823962 2026-04-22T05:17:33Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekaru biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa Shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu Shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na Shehu Shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar Shehu Shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawa Ɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da Shehu Shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] trjrun1sqd0h6xy1bx007x0oyw7hedu 823964 823963 2026-04-22T05:19:09Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekaru biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa Shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu Shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na Shehu Shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar Shehu Shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawaɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da Shehu Shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] nw3a2eagw7ttr4ac23ws9dp5rb8plb3 823965 823964 2026-04-22T05:19:46Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yada zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekaru biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa Shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu Shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na Shehu Shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar Shehu Shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawaɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da Shehu Shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors Bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] 6cmpji16wfo68hrganm0y925st37sq5 823966 823965 2026-04-22T05:20:56Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yaɗa zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekaru biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa Shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu Shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na Shehu Shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar Shehu Shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawaɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da Shehu Shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors Bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] slbqqwh98kx1vp5tkkun4kji4be5gxg 823967 823966 2026-04-22T05:21:28Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Najeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, hakane ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yaɗa zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekaru biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa Shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu Shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na Shehu Shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar Shehu Shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawaɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da Shehu Shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors Bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] cdejwm47moam41ptq81uzfc8v9gcypo 823968 823967 2026-04-22T05:22:01Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 823968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Shagari''' Ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. An haife shi a ranar ashirin da biyar 25 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da Ashirin da Biyar 1925 a garin [[Shagari, Najeriya|Shagari]], [[Arewacin Najeriya]] (a yau [[Sokoto (jiha)|jihar Sokoto]])<ref name=":0">Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. </ref>, ya kuma rasu ne a ranar ashirin da Takwas 28 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 bayan jinya da gajeriyar rashin lafiya da yayi a wani asibiti dake [[Abuja]]. Ya rasu yana ɗan shekara casa'in da uku (93) da haihuwa. Shehu Shagari ya zama [[Shugaban Najeriya|shugaban ƙasar Najeriya]] a watan Oktoban shekara ta alif dari tara da Saba'in da tara (1979), inda yayi mulki har zuwa Disamban shekara ta alif da dari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), wanda sojoji suka kwace mulki a hunnunsa, a jagorancin [[Muhammadu Buhari]]. Shehu Shagari shine shugaban Najeriya da ya hau mulki ta sanadiyar zaɓe na farko.<ref><nowiki>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1537778-tarihin-mulkin-najeriya-jerin-shugabannin-najeriya-16-da-kuma-jihohin-da-suka-fito/</nowiki></ref> [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ne ya bayar da mulkin zuwa ga farar hula, a dalilin haka da matsi da mulkin sojoji ke fuskanta, ga rashin yin katabus, ganin hakan ne dai yasa Obasanjon ya bayar da mulkin amma ba'a kai ko’ina ba sai sojojin suka sake dawowa suka kwace mulki daga hannun farar hula, inda suka zargi mulkinsa da cin hanci da rashawa, haka ne ne dai ya kai ga [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ga zama shugaban Ƙasa a wanchan lokacin.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/12/28/life-and-time-of-alhaji-shehu-shagari/</ref> [[File:President Sharari of Nigeria is greeted by BGEN Archer Durham upon his arrival for a visit. Andrews AFB.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban ƙasa Shehu Shagari]] [[File:Heads of State Cancun Summit 1981.jpg|thumb|Taron shugabannin kasashen a shekara 1981]] == Tarihi == [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shehu Shagari ya samo asali ne daga Muhammadu,wanda ɗan uwan kakan-kakan Shehu Shagari ne, Makiyayi ne kuma yana yawo da iyalansa baki ɗaya. Kuma an nuna cewa sun zauna a sifawa a shekara ta 1810, kuma ya zama daga cikin dakarun Shehu [[Usman Ɗan Fodiyo]]<ref name=":0" />. Hakazalika [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa Shagari wani wuri ne wanda ya samo asali lokacin Shehu Ɗan Fodio sun tsaya tare da mutanen Muhammadu a wani wuri domin hutawa, sai dan Fodiyo yace, "Ku Sha Gari” (Fura da Nono). Daga nan aka sanya ma wurin Shagari, shi kuma shugaban Muhammadu Shagari. Muhammadu Shehu Shagari ya rasu kuma an binne shi a [[Shifawa]], inda aka binne Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo. Muhammadu Shagari ya rasu ya bar ƴaƴa biyu Usman Da Iggi, wanda Iggi ne babba kuma an nada Iggi a matsayin magajin Shagari watau shugaban garin [[Shagari (Najeriya)|Shagari (Najeriya)]]. Bayan nadin sarautan Magajin Shagari, Igge tare da kawunsa Shehu dan Fodiyo suka ƙaro dakarun tsaro kuma aka zagaye garin Shagari da ganuwa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 5. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Daga nan garin Shagari ya fara bunƙasa a harkokin kasuwanci har ma ya mamaye ƙauyukan Sokoto ta kudu<ref name=":0" />.Ƴan kasuwa da matafiya kan yaɗa zango a garin Shagari a duk lokacin da dare yayi musu. Saboda mutanen garin suna da kara da kyawawan ɗabi'u da halaye masu kyau. Garin Shagari ya zama amintaccen gari mai zaman lafiya duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da akai ta yi a ƙarni na 19th  a ƙarƙashin magajin Shagarin. Sarautar Sokoto ƙarƙashin shari’ar musulunci<ref name=":0" />. Bayan [[Turawa]] sun kama [[Sokoto]], sababbin ƙauyuka sun samu an sanya garin Shagari ƙarƙashin mulkin Yabo<ref name=":0" />. Muhammadu Basharu ɗan Magaji Rufa’i ya sake zama magajin Shagari duk da sun rasa mulki bayan da Turawa suka zo. A lokacin da aka haɗa Kudanci da [[Arewacin Najeriya]], a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sha huɗu (1914) aka naɗa Aliyu baban Shehu Shagari wanda ya gaji Galadima Bayan rasuwarsa da karɓar mulki daga hannun Muhammadu Basharu<ref name=":0" />. Bayan ƙirƙirar Jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi a 1996, shagari ya zama sabon cibiyar ƙaramar hukumar- da yawan mutane 83,540 a ƙauyuka 10 dake ƙarƙashinsa. Garin Shagari Ya rasa mutane dalilin sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci na zamani<ref name=":0" />. Duk da garin Shagari ba wata muhimmiyar alƙarya bace, amma [[tarihi]] ya nuna cewa garin ya wanzu cikin zaman lafiya da riƙon amana kusan mutanen garin na kula da harkokin gabansu ba tare da katsalandan ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 13. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Tarihi]] ya nuna cewa an haifi Shehu Shagari ne a ranar laraba 8 ga watan [[Sha’aban]] (watan musulunci) a Shekarar 1925<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.^{(p14) Mahaifiyar} Shehu Shagari na kiransa da inkiya Balarabe, saboda an haifeshi a Sha’aban<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>.  Asalin sunan Shehu Shagari “Usman” wanda ya samo asali daga [[Uthman Ibn Affan]] sannan kuma sunan kakansa ne ƙanin Muhammadu shagari (wanda ya ƙirƙiro garin shagari) hakazalika sunan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 14-15 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. [[Hausawa]] kan kira Usman Shehu. Shehu shagari ɗa na uku ne a wajen mahifiyarsa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == Shehu shagari ya fara ganin mota a rayuwarsa a lokacin yana dan shekara biyar a shekarar 1930, lokacin da [[sultan muhammadu Tambari]] (1925-1931) yazo garin Shagari ya kwana a gidan shehu shagari. ^(p16Tarihi ya nuna tun kafin a tura shehu shagari makarantar boko ya riga ya koyi ilimin addinin musulunci a wurin iyayensa da kuma manyan malamai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p17 Shehu Shagari ya yi zurfin karatu a ilimin [[addini]] kuma a duk lokacin da ya sami hutu yakan tsaya ya koyar da [[ilimi]] a ƙauyensa<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. ^(p20) saboda a fahimatarsa, ilimi wani abu ne da ya jiɓinci rayuwa gaba ɗaya, tun daga farko har ƙarshe. Shehu Shagari ya shafe tsawon shekara 34 yana kuma koyarwa. Shehu Shagari ya bar garin shagari a karo na farko a shekarar 1931, inda ya tafi neman ilimin zamani watau boko a garin yabo. Mahaifinsa ya rasu lokacin yana da shekaru biyar<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 31 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Siyasa ==  A shekara ta 1962 sultan Sir Saddiq Abubakar III ya naɗa shehu Shagari Turakin sokoto a matsayin minista wanda sir Ahmadu Bello ya naɗa a kawu a watan Aprilu a garin Kaduna<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).pp. 57-58. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen watan oktoba, shekara ta 1960, wacce zata kawo ƴanci a ƙasar nan, jam’iyyan NPC (wanda sir Ahmadu Bello da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa  a matsayin mataimakinsa) yaci. An kuma naɗa shehu shagari da Alhaji Muhammadu Ribaɗu, Alhaji Inuwa Wada, Zanna Bukar Dipchorime, Waziri Ibrahim, Usman Sarki, Musa yar,adu'a matsayin ministocin ƙasa bayan da da Najeriya ta samu ƴanci kai<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 70-80. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An naɗa Shehu shagari a matsayin ministan ayyuka da ɗuba a watan Mayun shekara ta 1965<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 103. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Aikin shehu Shagari na farko a matsayinsa na minista shine canza sakatarorin gwamnati na turawa da ƴan najeriya<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.90. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A ranar 23 ga watan oktoba, shekara ta 1978, shehu Shagari ya yanke shawara fitowa takaran shugan ƙasa akan cewa zai janye idan har bai cinye yawan kuri’u ba<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p.200. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. A zaɓen da akayi a ranar asabar 9 ga watan December shekara ta 1978, shehu shagari ya cinye ƙuri’u 975, Maitama Sule 504, Adam Girome 293, Dr. Saraki 214, Traka 104, Prof Abubakar 92. (primary election held at casino cenema)<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). pp. 213-214. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. Jam’iyyar NPN na Shehu Shagari ta lashe kujeru 36 (37.89%) na sanatoci da 168 (37.41%) na kujerun ƴan majalissu. A ranar Alhamis da ƙarfe 12:40pm aka sanar Shehu Shagari yaci zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƙuri’u 5, 688857<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). p. 227. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. An rantsar da shugaba na farko da aka  zaɓa a Najeriya (Shehu Shagari) ranar litinin a Tafawaɓalewa Square wanda dake Legas. == Ayyukan Cigaba == Daga cikin kamfanonin da Shehu Shagari ya samar sun haɗa da: * Ministry of steel develpment * Aledja steel plant a shekarar 1982 * Steel rolling mills katsina * Steel rolling mills oshogbo * Steel rolling mills jos. * Anambra motor company a shekarar 1980 * National truck manufacturing company kano a shekarar 1981 * Stey motors Bauchi * Leyland Ibadan * Private assembley company [[Illorin]], [[Onitsha]], [[Gusau]], [[Benin]] & [[Porthercourt]]<ref>Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria).p. 310. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]].</ref>. == Bibliyo == * Shagari, Shehu Usman Aliyu, 1925-2018. (2001). ''Shehu Shagari : beckoned to serve : an autobiography''. Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-129-932-0|<bdi>978-129-932-0</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;50042754. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shagari, Shehu}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin ƙasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Fulani]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar sokoto]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] 62pgs8eoz4n7h4aaxlo5kuz7mt2w6ru 0 8838 823680 566240 2026-04-21T15:40:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 823680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Akpala''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1986) shi ɗan wasan [[ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta ƙasar [[Nijeriya]] ne. Ya buga wasan ƙwallo ma Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]] daga shekarar 2008. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akpala, Joseph}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1986]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Nijeriya]] 1w8og0zkju7a1kq13v4beacltyg3fb1 823681 823680 2026-04-21T15:40:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 823681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Akpala''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1986) shi ɗan wasan [[ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta ƙasar [[Nijeriya]] ne. Ya buga wasan ƙwallo ma Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]] daga shekarar 2008. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Hujja}}{{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Akpala, Joseph}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1986]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Nijeriya]] pk4yxowoxvtogiy5ohkr6rq81wgy4pq 0 9278 823807 811960 2026-04-21T19:13:00Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Bambanci tsakanin Haɗeja da Biram */ 823807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Hadejia 2.jpg|thumb|Cikin garin Hadejia]] [[Fayil:River Hadejia 2.jpg|thumb|kogin hadejiya]] [[Fayil:Hadejia 3.jpg|thumb|Hoton wani wuri a hadejiya]] '''Haɗejiya''' ( kuma '''Haɗeja''', a baya '''Biram''' ) garin [[Hausawa]] ne a gabashin [[Jigawa|jihar Jigawa]], arewacin [[Najeriya]] . Yawan jama'a ya kai kusan 186,628 a cikin 2006. Garin Haɗeja tana tsakanin latitude 12.4506N da longitude 10.0404E. <ref>GPS Coordinates: "https://latitude.to/map/ng/nigeria/cities/hadejia"</ref> Ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar [[Kiri Kasama|Kiri Kasamma]] daga gabas, [[Malam Madori|ƙaramar hukumar Mallam Madori]] daga Arewa, sai ƙaramar hukumar [[Auyo]] daga yamma. Ƙaramar hukumar Haɗeja ta ƙunshi gundumomin siyasa goma sha ɗaya (11) wato: Atafi, Dubantu, Gagulmari, Kasuwar yankofa, Kasuwar Kuda, Matsaro, Majema, Rumfa, Sabon Garu, Ƴankoli da Yayari. Mazaunan su ne Hausawa, [[Fulani]] da [[Mutanen Kanuri|Kanuri]] tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi irin su [[Tiv]], [[Yarbawa]], [[Inyamurai|Igbo]], [[Igala]] da sauransu. Babban aikin mazauna shine noma amfanin gona da kiwon dabbobi wanda kashi mai yawa, wanda ke yin ciniki, kamun kifi da ayyuka gami da aikin gwamnati. <ref>Isah Abubakar (2018) "Use of ICT among Extension Agents in Hadejia Local Government" Unpublished work</ref> Mutanen Haɗeja galibi [[Musulunci|Musulmai ne]], kodayake wasu suna bin tsarin imani na asali. Garin dai yana arewacin kogin [[Kogin Hadejia|Hadeja]] ne, kuma yana gaba da gabar ruwa na [[Dausayin Hadejia-Nguru|Hadeja-Guru]] . Haɗeja yanki ne mai mahimmancin muhalli da kuma kula da muhalli a duniya. Haɗeja a baya an ƙira ta da Biram, kuma ana ƙiranta ɗaya daga cikin " [[Hausa Bakwai|ƙasashen Hausa]] bakwai na gaskiya" ( [[Hausa Bakwai]] ), domin zuri'ar fitaccen masanin tarihin Hausa [[Bayajidda]] da matarsa ta biyu, Daurama suka yi mulkinta. A shekarar 1810, a lokacin yaƙin [[Jihadin Fulani|Fulani]], sarakunan Hausawa na Bakwai duk [[Fulani]] sun yi galaba a kansu. Haɗeja ta zama Masarautar shekaru biyu da suka wuce, a cikin 1808. A shekara ta 1906 Haɗeja ta ƙi amincewa da mamayar turawan Ingila, a ƙarƙashin sarki (Muhammadu Mai-Shahada). Haɗejiya ta shiga [[Jigawa|jihar Jigawa]] a shekarar 1991 daga [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]].<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Hadejia</ref> Haɗeja ta ƙunshi manyan makarantu guda 4 waɗanda suka haɗa da: Binyaminu Usman Polytechnic Hadeja, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.bupoly.edu.ng/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |archive-date=2022-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626133705/http://bupoly.edu.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> School of Nursing Haɗeja, <ref>http://jisconmhadejia.admissions.cloud/</ref> Cibiyar Karatun Malamai ta Ƙasa ta Haɗeja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.nti.edu.ng/ |access-date=2022-07-19 |archive-date=2022-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526051159/https://nti.edu.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery> File:Hadejia.jpg|under construction IZALA University Hadejia File:Hadejia 1.jpg|Maƙabartar Haɗeja File:Hadejia 2.jpg|Kasuwar Mama ta Haɗeja File:Hadejia 3.jpg|Ma'aikatar Sukari wadda aka deba aiki da ita a garin Haɗeja File:Hadejia 4.jpg|Milk market Hadejia File:Hadejia 5.jpg|Wani Shatale-tale a garin Haɗeja File:Hadejia 06.jpg|Wajen zaman Turawan mulkin mallaka a kisa da birnin Haɗeja File:Hadejia 6.jpg|Firamare mafi daɗewa a garin Haɗeja File:Hadejia 7.jpg|Gonaki a gabashin Haɗeja File:Hadejia 8.jpg|Titin Nguru Hadejia File:Hadejia 9.jpg|Shatale-take a birnin Haɗeja File:Hadejia 10.jpg| File:Hadejia 11.jpg|Gidan Tarihin Haɗeja File:Hadejia 12.jpg| File:Hadejia 13.jpg|Fadar Sarkin Haɗeja File:Hadejia 14.jpg| File:Hadejia 15.jpg| File:Hadejia 16.jpg| </gallery> == Bambanci tsakanin Haɗeja da Biram == Hadejia da Biram suna da alaƙa ta tarihi, amma suna nufin wurare biyu masu bambanta: * Hadejia: Garin Hadejia yana a cikin jihar Jigawa, Najeriya, kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan biranen yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. Yana da tarihin sarauta da masarautar Hadejia, wacce ta kasance mai karfi a lokacin daular Fulani. Hadejia ta shahara da kasuwancinta, musamman kasuwancin ruwan sha a yankin tafkin Chadi. Tana kuma da wani tsohon tarihi na yaki da Turawan mulkin mallaka da sauran al'amuran tarihi na yankin. [[File:Biram.jpg|thumb|right|Biram]] * Biram: Biram (ko kuma Birnin Biri) shi ne tsohon garin da ake dauka a matsayi mafi dadewa a cikin masarautar Hadeja. shi ne inda ake ganin cewa zuriyar habe (wadanda suka mulki yankin kafin Fulani Jihad) suka kafa garinsu. Biram yana nesa da Hadeja kuma shi ne tushen masarautar kafin garin Hadeja ya zama babbar cibiyar mulki. Ana ganin biram a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin birane a yankin arewacin najeriya. Don haka, Hadeja ita ce cibiyar mulkin masarautar a yau, yayin da Biram ke nuni da tsohon gari wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kafa yankin. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011140542/http://www.hadejia.com/index.html Yanar Gizo na Masarautar Hadejia] {{LGAs and communities of Jigawa State}} srsw7560s6jf222feqlo8uyd730d87n 0 10211 823906 822092 2026-04-22T02:49:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Long khanh fallen.jpg|thumb|Yakin Duniya]] [[File:Willem van de Velde II - Dutch men-o'-war and other shipping in a calm.jpg|thumb|Ayarin Sojin Holland]] [[File:A Finnish Maxim M-32 machine gun nest during the Winter War.jpg|thumb|Sojoji sun yi kwantan bauna]] '''Yaƙin Duniya na I''' da turanci ''World War I'' (ana kintse sunan '''WWI''' ko '''WW1'''), kuma ana kiran shi da ''First World War'' da turanci wato '''Yaƙin Duniya na Farko''' kuma '''''Great''' War'' wato '''Babban Yaƙi''',wani yaƙin Duniya ne da ya faro daga nahiyar [[Turai]] wanda aka fara tun daga 28 ga watan Juli na shekara ta alif ɗari 1914 har zuwa 11 ga watan Nuwanban shekarar 1918. Wanda kuma ayanzu ake danganta shi da suna ''"the war to end all wars"'' wato ''Yaƙin da zai tsaida Yaƙoƙi'',<ref>{{cite news |date=10 November 1998 |title=The war to end all wars |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/10/98/world_war_i/198172.stm}}</ref> ya kai ga hada fiye da miliyan 70&nbsp;million na [[ma'aikatan soja]], da miliyan 60 na Turawa, wanda yasa yazama ɗaya daga cikin babban yaƙi ɗaya daga cikin yaƙin da aka rasa rayuka da dama a tarihi, an ƙiyasta kusan mutane miliyan 9 [[Mayaƙa]] aka rasa da miliyan 7 na farin hula waɗanda suka mutu sanadiyar yaƙin, wanda ya haifar da kisan kiyashi da cutar wa. Kuma yayi sanadiyar rasa rayukan Mutane miliyan 50 zuwa 100 a duniya baki ɗaya.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Rachel |title=Dual Threat: The Spanish Influenza and World War I |date=2014 |publisher=Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange |location=University of Tennessee Thesis |pages=4–10 |url=https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2761&context=utk_chanhonoproj |accessdate=10 September 2018 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029163914/https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F&httpsredir=1&article=2761&context=utk_chanhonoproj |url-status=dead }}</ref> A 28 ga Yunin shekarar 1914, Gavrilo Princip, wani ɗan ƙasar [[Yugoslavia]], ya kashe Archduke Franz Ferdinand wanda shine magajin Archduke Franz Ferdinand a garin Sarajevo, hakan ya haifar da rikkicin watan Yuli.<ref name="AJPT2"> harvnb |Taylor |1998 |pp=80–93}}</ref> akan mayar da martani, a 23 Yuli Wanda amsar da ƙasar Serbia ta bayar bai gamsar da [[Austriya]] ba, yasa suka shiga yaƙi tsakanin su. Haɗakar ƙawance ya faɗaɗa rikicin akan wani ɗan tattaunawa ne tsakanin mutum biyu a Balkans zuwa ga babban rikici da ya game yawancin nahiyar [[Turai]]. A July na shekarar 1914, [[great powers]] dake Turai sun rabu zuwa haɗaka daban-daban: akwai [[Triple Entente]]—wanda ta haɗa da [[French Third Republic|France]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]] da [[British Empire|Britain]] aciki— da kuma [[Triple Alliance (1882)|Triple Alliance]] na [[German Empire|Germany]], [[Austria-Hungary]] da kuma [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] (wanda Triple Alliance sun kasance masu kariya ne, sun bar ƙasar Italiya ta fita daga yaƙin a shekara ta 1914).<ref name="Seymour">{{cite book |title=The Diplomatic Background of the War |author=Charles Seymour |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |year=1916 |pages=35, 147}}</ref> Rasha ta kasa yin abunda yakama ce ta, na kare Serbia da, bayan Austria-Hungary shelled da babban birnin Serbiya [[Belgrade]] a 28th, an yarda da haɗaka.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lieven |first1=Dominic |title=Towards the Flame: Empire, War and the End of Tsarist Russia |date=2016 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0141399744 |page=326}}</ref> Babban haɗakar da Rasha tayi, ta bayyana shi ne a yammacin 30 July; a 31st, Austria-Hungary da Germany suma suka yi haka, sai ita kuma Germany ta nema Rasha data rushe haɗakarta acikin awanni goma sha biyu (12 hours).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Martel |first1=Gordon |title=The Month that Changed the World: July 1914 and WWI |date=2014 |publisher=OUP |location=6286 |edition=Kindle |ref=B00K79UOPK}}</ref> itakuma Rasha taƙi bin wannan umurni, wanda hakan yasa Germany ta ƙaddamar da yaƙi a farkon (1) watan Augusta domin taimakon Austria-Hungary, a tareda Austria-Hungary following suit on 6th; sai ƙasar Faransa ta umurce cikakkiyar haɗaka domin taimakawa Rasha a biyu ga watan Agusta.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Le Président de la République, R. [Raymond] Poincaré et al., 'A La Nation Française' |journal=Journal Officiel de la République Française |date=2 August 1914 |pages=7053–7054 |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/digitized-books/world-war-i-declarations/ww1-gazettes/France-doc-3-OCR-SPLIT.pdf |accessdate=26 August 2018}}</ref> Dabarun ƙasar Jamus na gabza yaƙi akan Faransa da Rasha shine ta tattara sojoji a yamma waɗanda zasu yi galaba akan France cikin makonni huɗu, sannan kuma ta aika da sojojin Gabas dan gabzawa da Rasha kafin ta gama shiryawa; wanan dabarar ce akasa wa suna [[Schlieffen Plan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zuber |first1=Terence |title=Inventing the Schlieffen Plan: German War Planning 1871–1914 |date=2011 |publisher=OUP |isbn=978-0198718055 |pages=46–49 |edition=2014}}</ref> A biyu ga watan August, Germany ta nemi hanya da zata riƙa wucewa ta kasar Belgium, itace muhimmin samun nasara akan Faransa.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Note Given 2 August 1914, at 19 hours, by M. de Below Saleske [Klaus von Below-Saleske], Minister of Germany, to M. Davignon, Minister of Foreign Affairs] |title=Documents Diplomatiques 1914: La Guerre Européenne Diplomatic Documents 1914: The European War |date=1914 |publisher=Ministère des Affaires Étrangères (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) |page=201 |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/digitized-books/world-war-i-declarations/ww1-gazettes/Belgium-1-OCR.pdf |accessdate=26 August 2018}}</ref> bayan kin hakan, sai domin Jamus ta farwa ƙasar Belgium da safiyar ukun Augusta, kuma suka kaddamar da yaki a Faransa a wannan rana; the Belgian government invoked the [[Treaty of London (1839)|1839 Treaty of London]] and in compliance with its obligations under this, Britaniyasuka kaddamar da yaki akan Jamus (Germany ) a ranar hudu ga watan Agusta. A shabiyu ga watan Agusta, Burtaniya da Faransa suka kaddamar da yaki akan Austria-Hungary; a 23rd, [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] sided with the Entente, seizing German possessions in [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] and the Pacific. In November 1914, the [[Ottoman Empire]] entered the war on the side of the Alliance, opening fronts in the [[Caucasus Campaign|Caucasus]], [[Mesopotamian campaign|Mesopotamia]] and the [[Sinai and Palestine Campaign|Sinai Peninsula]]. The war was fought in and drew upon each powers' colonial empires as well, spreading the conflict to [[African theatre of World War I|Africa]] and across the globe. The Entente and its allies would eventually become known as the [[Allies of World War I|Allied Powers]], while the grouping of Austria-Hungary, Germany and their allies would become known as the [[Central Powers]]. The German advance into France was halted at the [[First Battle of the Marne|Battle of the Marne]] and by the end of 1914, the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] settled into a [[battle of attrition]], marked by a long series of [[trench warfare|trench lines]] that changed little until 1917 (the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]], by contrast, was marked by much greater exchanges of territory). In 1915, Italy joined the Allied Powers and opened a [[Alpine Front|front in the Alps]]. The [[Kingdom of Bulgaria]] joined the Central Powers in 1915 and the [[Kingdom of Greece]] joined the Allies in 1917, expanding the [[Balkans Campaign (World War I)|war in the Balkans]]. The United States initially remained neutral, though it was an important supplier of war material to the Allies. However, after the sinking of American merchant ships by German submarines, and [[Zimmermann Telegram|the revelation]] that the Germans were trying to incite Mexico to make war on the United States, the [[American entry into World War I|U.S. declared war on Germany]] on 6 April 1917. Trained American forces would not begin arriving at the front in large numbers until mid-1918, but ultimately the [[American Expeditionary Forces|American Expeditionary Force]] would reach some two million troops.<ref>Edward M. Coffman, ''The War to End All Wars: The American Military Experience in World War I'' (1998)</ref> Though [[Serbian Campaign of World War I|Serbia was defeated in 1915]], and [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] joined the Allied Powers in 1916 [[Romania during World War I|only to be defeated in 1917]], none of the great powers were knocked out of the war until 1918. The 1917 [[February Revolution]] in Russia replaced the [[Tsarist autocracy]] with the [[Russian Provisional Government|Provisional Government]], but continuing discontent at the cost of the war led to the [[October Revolution]], the creation of the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Socialist Republic]], and the signing of the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]] by the new government in March 1918, ending Russia's involvement in the war. This allowed the transfer of large numbers of German troops from the East to the Western Front, resulting in the [[Spring Offensive|German March 1918 Offensive]]. This offensive was initially successful, but the Allies rallied and drove the Germans back in their [[Hundred Days Offensive]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sheffield |first1=Gary |title=Forgotten Victory |date=2002 |publisher=Review |isbn=978-0747271574 |page=251}}</ref> Bulgaria was the first Central Power to sign an armistice—the [[Armistice of Salonica]] on 29 September 1918. On 30 October, the Ottoman Empire capitulated, signing the [[Armistice of Mudros]].<ref name="indiana.edu-1918" /> On 4 November, the Austro-Hungarian empire agreed to the [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]]. With its allies defeated, [[German Revolution of 1918–19|revolution]] at home, and the military no longer willing to fight, [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm]] abdicated on 9 November and Germany signed an [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|armistice on 11 November 1918]]. World War I was a significant turning point in the political, cultural, economic, and social climate of the world. The war [[Aftermath of World War I|and its immediate aftermath]] sparked numerous [[Revolutions of 1917–1923|revolutions and uprisings]]. The [[The Big Four (World War I)|Big Four]] (Britain, France, the United States, and Italy) imposed their terms on the defeated powers in a series of treaties agreed at the 1919 [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]], the most well known being the German peace treaty—the [[Treaty of Versailles]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gerwath |first1=Robert |title=The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End, 1917–1923 |date=2016 |publisher=Penguin |location=3323–3342 |isbn=978-0141976372 |edition=Kindle}}</ref> Ultimately, as a result of the war the Austro-Hungarian, German, Ottoman, and Russian Empires ceased to exist, with numerous new states created from their remains. However, despite the conclusive Allied victory (and the creation of the [[League of Nations]] during the Peace Conference, intended to prevent future wars), a [[World War II|Second World War]] would follow just over twenty years later. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ci5fmo0kkbpt7kfvx20fgwtj9cv4036 0 12642 824139 779869 2026-04-22T11:10:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Ruwan Roselle''', wanda aka fi sani da '''bissap''', '''wonjo''', '''folere''', '''dabileni''', '''tsobo''', '''zobo''', '''siiloo''', ko '''soborodo''' a sassan Afirka, <ref name="infobox">{{Cite web |title=(Bissap Drink) |url=http://infoboxdaily.com/life/your-food/item/1470-sobolo-bissap-drink |access-date=19 March 2015}}</ref> karkade a Masar, '''zobo''' a cikin [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]], da '''agua de Jamaica''' a Mexico, abin sha ne da aka yi. na furanni na [[Zobo|furen roselle]], nau'in ''Hibiscus'' . Ko da yake gabaɗaya "ruwan 'ya'yan itace" yana da daɗi da sanyi, jiko ne a zahiri kuma lokacin da aka yi zafi kuma ana iya kiransa '''shayin hibiscus''' . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=My Sobolo |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/email-from-sandra/my-sobolo.html |access-date=2020-06-07 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Health Benefits Of Sobolo |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/health/201507/247840.php |access-date=2020-06-07 |website=www.peacefmonline.com |archive-date=2020-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607224816/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/health/201507/247840.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=17 March 2017 |title=Reasons to drink more Sobolo |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Reasons-to-drink-more-Sobolo-519653 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Ghana Web}}</ref> == Bayani == Ruwan Roselle, wanda galibi ana sha a lokacin da yayi sanyi a cikin firiji ko kuma aka saka masa kankara, abin sha ne mai sanyi da ake samu a yawancin ƙasashen yammacin Afirka da Caribbean. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-17 |title=GES investigates teacher's assault of student who criticised her 'sobolo' drink |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/ges-investigates-teachers-assault-of-student-who-criticised-her-sobolo-drink/ |access-date=2020-06-07 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607224740/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/ges-investigates-teachers-assault-of-student-who-criticised-her-sobolo-drink/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Woman Quits Journalism To Sell 'Sobolo' |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201612/300056.php |access-date=2020-06-07 |website=www.peacefmonline.com |archive-date=2020-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607224740/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201612/300056.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ruwa ne mai duhu ja-purple ruwan 'ya'yan itace. [[Burkina Faso|Burkinabes]], Senegal, da Ivory Coast suna kiranta bissap, [[Ɗan Nijeriya|'yan Najeriya]] suna kiranta zobo yayin da Ghana suka kira shi Zobolo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agyeman |first=Adwoa |date=2020-02-17 |title=GES investigates teacher's assault of pupil over 'sobolo' drink |url=https://www.adomonline.com/ges-investigates-teachers-assault-of-pupil-over-sobolo-drink/ |access-date=2020-06-07 |website=Adomonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yana ɗan ɗanɗanon innabi kaɗan kuma kamar ruwan 'ya'yan itacen cranberry kuma ana iya amfani da shi da ganyen mint. <ref name="infobox"/> Hakanan za'a iya ba da ita tare da kowane dandano na zaɓin mutum - wani lokaci tare da ainihin orange ko ginger, ruwan abarba, cloves, ciyawa mai shayi, vanilla, da sauran su. A [[Ghana]], [[Najeriya]], da [[Senegal]], ana shayar da ruwan roselle mai sanyi, yayin da a [[Misra|Masar kuma]], ana sha da dumin sa. <ref name=":0"/> == Amfanin lafiya == ruwan 'ya'yan itace Roselle, wanda ke aiki azaman diuretic, an nuna shi don daidaita hawan jini da rage [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]] . <ref name="systematic review2">{{Cite journal |last=Hopkins |first=A. L. |last2=Lamm |first2=M. G. |last3=Funk |first3=J. L. |last4=Ritenbaugh |first4=C. |year=2013 |title=''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' L. In the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia: A comprehensive review of animal and human studies |journal=[[Fitoterapia]] |volume=85 |pages=84–94 |doi=10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.003 |pmc=3593772 |pmid=23333908}}</ref> Har ila yau yana da yawan [[Vitamin C|bitamin C]], don haka ana amfani dashi don magance [[mura]] da kuma inganta tsarin rigakafi . <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":0"/> Wasu nazarin kuma sun nuna aikin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oboh |first=G. |last2=Elusiyan |first2=C. A. |date=2004 |title=Nutrient Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Sorrel Drinks (Soborodo) |journal=Journal of Medicinal Food |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=340–342 |doi=10.1089/jmf.2004.7.340 |pmid=15383229}}</ref> == Zobo == [[Fayil:Zobo_leaf_seller.jpg|thumb| Busassun ganyen hibiscus]] '''Zobo''' abin [[Abinsha|sha]] ne na gida a Najeriya. Ana yin shi daga busasshiyar ganyen hibiscus da sauran sinadaran. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-31 |title=How To Make Zobo Drink In Ten Easy Steps |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/food/how-to-make-zobo-drink-in-ten-easy-steps/ |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ana sayar da abin sha a gidajen abinci da kan titi. Ana shayar da abin sha na Zobo a lokutan bukukuwa kuma ana iya ɗaukar shi azaman abin sha na iyali. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-02 |title=Benefits of taking Zobo |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/benefits-of-taking-zobo/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-31 |title=How To Make Zobo Drink In Ten Easy Steps |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/food/how-to-make-zobo-drink-in-ten-easy-steps/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-16 |title=How to harness health benefits of zobo drink |url=https://dailytrust.com/how-to-harness-health-benefits-of-zobo-drink |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Daily Trust |language=en |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170438/https://dailytrust.com/how-to-harness-health-benefits-of-zobo-drink |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Tribune |date=2021-02-18 |title=Why regular consumption of zobo drink with hypertension medication should be avoided —Expert |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/why-regular-consumption-of-zobo-drink-with-hypertension-medication-should-be-avoided-expert/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Dubawa === Ana yin abin sha na Hibiscus ta tafasa ganyen hibiscus tare da [[Citta|ginger]], [[tafarnuwa]] na ƙasa da awa ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-31 |title=How To Make Zobo Drink In Ten Easy Steps |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/food/how-to-make-zobo-drink-in-ten-easy-steps/ |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ana ba da shi zafi ko sanyi dangane da yanayin yanayin wurin da aka samar da shi. Sauran sinadaran da ake amfani da su wajen yin abin sha na zobo sun hada da nutmeg, kirfa, cloves, lemun tsami, abarba da launuka na wucin gadi. Barbasar ana siffata a bar bayan ruwan zobo. Abin sha na roselle yana da ɗanɗano mai kama da ruwan 'ya'yan itacen cranberry kuma yana da launi ja na ruby. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-07-20 |title=How to prepare zobo drink |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-to-prepare-zobo-drink/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=onnaedo |date=2015-09-08 |title=How to make Zobo drink |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/diy-recipe-how-to-make-zobo-drink/9hds4es |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701101005/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/diy-recipe-how-to-make-zobo-drink/9hds4es |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-02 |title=Goodlife introduces another drink; Zobo Ginger variant - Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/promoted/514756-title-goodlife-introduces-another-drink-zobo-ginger-variant.html,%20https://www.premiumtimesng.com/promoted/514756-title-goodlife-introduces-another-drink-zobo-ginger-variant.html |access-date=2022-07-01 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ana zuba abin sha na zobo a cikin kwalabe masu tsabta waɗanda za a iya rufe su don hana lalacewa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-12 |title=FIIRO has developed over 250 food processing techs, says DG |url=https://guardian.ng/features/agro-care/fiiro-has-developed-over-250-food-processing-techs-says-dg/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-23 |title=Nigerian author hawks zobo drink on the streets - Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/259640-nigerian-author-hawks-zobo-drink-streets.html,%20https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/259640-nigerian-author-hawks-zobo-drink-streets.html |access-date=2022-07-01 |language=en-GB}}</ref> === ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' === Wannan shi ne babban sinadari da ake amfani da shi wajen yin abin sha na zobo, kayan lambu ne mai ganyaye mai kama da alayyahu wanda ya samo asali daga [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] . <ref>{{Cite web |others=Revised and updated by Melissa Petruzzello. |title=Roselle - plant |url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/roselle-plant |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420002412/https://www.britannica.com/plant/roselle-plant |archive-date=2022-04-20 |website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]}}</ref> ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'', wanda kuma aka sani da roselle, ganye ne na shekara-shekara wanda za'a iya dasa shi a duk shekara musamman tsakanin Nuwamba da Afrilu na shekara mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-29 |title=The good and the bad sides of 'zobo' drink |url=https://punchng.com/good-bad-sides-zobo-drink/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Hibiscus sabdariffa kuma ana kiranta da alamar alayyafo, ciyawa mai tsami, ko ɗanɗano mai tsami. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Tribune |date=2022-03-05 |title=Chilled zobo drink for the weather |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/chilled-zobo-drink-for-the-weather/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Sauran sunaye === Abin sha na Zobo kuma ana kiransa shayin hibiscus, abin sha na hibiscus da abubuwan sha na roselle saboda ana samun abin sha daga ganyen hibiscus. Hakanan an san shi da Chapman na gida tunda ana ƙara wasu 'ya'yan itace da launuka na wucin gadi. Saboda tsamin abin sha na zobo, ana nufin shayi mai tsami shima. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-01 |title=Goodlife Zobo Ginger drink unveiled during Showtime Friday |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/03/goodlife-zobo-ginger-drink-unveiled-during-showtime-friday/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=omotolani |date=2022-03-03 |title=7 health benefits of zobo drink (Hibiscus tea) |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/zobo-drink-7-health-benefits-of-hibiscus-tea/gmt1st3 |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> === Abubuwan kariya === Akwai nau'ikan abubuwan kiyayewa guda biyu da ake amfani da su wajen samar da shayin zobo, na halitta sune nutmeg, lemun tsami da kuma cloves waɗanda ke sa abin sha ya zama sabo. <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Physical and chemical preservation of zobo drink |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Effects-of-physical-and-Chemical-preservation-methods-on-Zobo-drink_tbl2_305278715 |journal=ResearchGate}}</ref> Sodium benzoate a ma'auni na 0.1% ko cakuda citric acid da magnesium sulfate su ne mahadi sunadarai da ake amfani da su wajen adana abin sha na zobo na tsawon lokaci kuma ya sa ya zama mara amfani. Abubuwan da ake kiyayewa na wucin gadi suna datse tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itace don kiyaye ɗanɗanon ganyen lokacin samarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-20 |title=Making Money From Zobo Drink Production |url=https://independent.ng/making-money-from-zobo-drink-production/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Preservatives in zobo drink |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305278715 |journal=ResearchGate}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Hibiscus * [[Zobo|Roselle (shuka)]] * Hibiscus shayi * [[Abincin Hausawa]] * [[Abincin Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7pj1z6f7sur6s1cuyc29dmroeshu6ui 0 14110 823976 497425 2026-04-22T06:49:37Z Nura Bello 24854 823976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Sosthene_Moguenara_(GER)_2013.jpg |thumb| Sosthene Moguenara an haifeta a birnin Sarh]] [[File:Mappa_diocesi_Sarh.png |thumb|Taswirar kasar Chadi na nuna birnin a launin ruwan ɗorawa]] [[File:Serhs15.7669.jpg|thumb]] '''Sarh''' (lafazi: /sar/ ; tsohon suna n daga lokacin mulkin mallaka na [[Faransa]] zuwa shekarar 1972 : '''Fort-Archambault''', lafazi: /for-ashambo/) birni ne, da ke a ƙasar [[Cadi]]. Shi ne babban birnin yankin Moyen-Chari. Sarh yana da yawan jama'a 103,296, bisa ga jimillar 2012. An gina birnin Sarh kafin karni na sha tara bayan haihuwar Annabi Issa. [[File:Fort Archambault-1924.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Fort Archambault-1924]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sarh}} [[Category:Biranen Cadi]] j3yf69e2f2ytjc5ue8i5b1u6pl1f1ee 0 14521 824143 578167 2026-04-22T11:55:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lydia Zynnell Zuh''' (an haife ta ranar 18 ga watan Yuli, 1990) 'yar asalin Ghana ce, fitacciyar' yar fim, marubuciya, furodusa, halayyar talabijin da kuma taimakon jama'a wacce ta fito daga yankin Volta na [[Ghana]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage//Actress-Zynnel-Zuh-strips-down-to-her-lingerie-626534|title=Actress Zynnel Zuh strips down to her lingerie|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-10-12|archive-date=2019-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012112427/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/Actress-Zynnel-Zuh-strips-down-to-her-lingerie-626534|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta shiga masana'antar fina-finai ta Ghana a shekara ta 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ta samu lambobin yabo da dama kan aikinta da suka haɗa da, [[:en:Glitz_Style_Awards|Glitz Style Awards]], [[:en:City_People_Entertainment_Awards|City People Entertainment Awards]] da [[:en:Golden_Movie_Awards|Golden Movie Awards.]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/ameyaw-debrah-yvonne-okoro/|title=Ameyaw Debrah, Yvonne Okoro, Sarkodie, others nominated for City People Entertainment Awards in Nigeria - AmeyawDebrah.Com|date=2016-07-11|work=AmeyawDebrah.Com|access-date=2018-03-31|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829073655/https://ameyawdebrah.com/ameyaw-debrah-yvonne-okoro/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/fashion/glitz-style-awards-zynnell-zuh-is-the-serena-williams-of-ghanas-red-carpet/qx64rsc|title=Glitz Style Awards: Zynnell Zuh is the Serena Williams of Ghana’s red carpet|date=2019-09-16|website=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-12}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://austinemedia.com/zynnel-zuh-biography-net-worth/|title=Zynnel Zuh Biography and Net Worth|last=Ikeru|first=Austine|date=2018-01-23|website=Austine Media|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-12|archive-date=2020-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205111940/https://austinemedia.com/zynnel-zuh-biography-net-worth/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/48275/actress-zynnell-zuh-breaks-the-internet-with-red.html|title=Actress Zynnell Zuh Breaks The Internet With Red Lingerie For Valentine (PHOTO)|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.glitzafrica.com/celebrating-zynnell-zuh-her-top-10-red-carpet-moments/|title=Celebrating Zynnell Zuh: her top 10 red carpet moments – Glitz Africa Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-12}}</ref> == Farkon Rayuwa da Ilimi == An haifi Zynnell Zuh a birnin Accra, kasar Ghana. Tana da karatun sakandare a [[:en:Wesley_Girls'_Senior_High_School|Wesley Girls Senior High School]]. Kuma a sa'an nan a ci gaba a [[:en:University_of_Ghana|University of Ghana]] inda ta samu digiri na farko a fannin ilimin ƙasa da nazarin labarai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Zynnel-Zuh-stuns-in-birthday-photos-456223|title=Zynnel Zuh stuns in birthday photos|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-10-12}}</ref> == Sana'a == Zynnell Zuh ta shiga masana'antar Fina-Finan Ghana a shekarar 2004. Fitowarta ta farko ta allo ta kasance cikin jerin shirye shiryen TV 'Sticking to the Promise' ta hanyar Point Blank Media. Jarumar, wacce Shirley Frimpong-Manso ya gano, ya zama sananne ne a cikin shekara ta 2010 bayan da ta fito a jerin talabijin da fina-finai da yawa, gami da 'Tears of a Smile'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2013/October-15th/ghanaian-actress-zynnell-zuh-set-to-produce-first-movie-when-love-comes-around.php|title=Ghanaian actress Zynnell Zuh set to produce first movie, 'When Love Comes Around’ - MyJoyOnline.com|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-10-12|archive-date=2019-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012113921/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2013/October-15th/ghanaian-actress-zynnell-zuh-set-to-produce-first-movie-when-love-comes-around.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> She later ventured into movie productions where she produced When Love Comes Around, which won an award at the 2015 Africa Magic Viewer's Choice awards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/75115-why-zynnell-sexiest-actresses-list.html|title=6 photos that prove Zynell Zuh is the sexiest actress in Ghana|last=Quarshie|first=M.|date=2016-09-07|website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|access-date=2019-10-12|archive-date=2019-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012114738/https://yen.com.gh/75115-why-zynnell-sexiest-actresses-list.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga baya ta shiga harkar finafinai inda ta shirya 'When Love Comes Around', wanda ya lashe lambar yabo a shekarar 2015 Africa Magic Viewer's Choice awards. ===Aiki=== Ta sarrafa ''Loves Comes Around, Love Regardless'' da ''Anniversary.''<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/zynnell-zuhs-movie-when-love-comes-premieres-on-december-19/|title=Zynnell Zuh’s Movie ?When Love Comes? Premieres On December 19 - News Ghana|last=ameyawdebrah.com|first=|date=|website=News Ghana|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-10-12}}</ref> == Sadaka == Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, ta kasance jakadar kungiyar Yaki da Talauci ta Yammacin Yammaci, shirin da Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta Afirka ta bayar don taimakawa kawar da talaucin yara a Afirka. Ita ma Majiɓincin ta ne Inspire Africa NGO.<ref name=":0" /> == Filmography == Ta yi fice a fina-finai da dama ciki har da:<ref name=":2" /> * ''Adams Apples'' * ''Seduction'' * ''Single six'' * ''When Love comes around'' * ''Love Regardless'' * ''Anniversary'' * ''Just Married'' * ''Hire a Man'' * ''Shampaign'' * ''Deranged'' * ''[[:en:Crazy_Lovely,_Cool|Crazy Lovely Cool]] (Musical Drama Series)'' * ''The Table'' * ''Life and Living It'' * ''Different Shades of Blue'' * For Better For War * ''Wannebe'' * ''Deadline'' == Lambobin yabo da Sanarwa == Ta ci kyaututtuka da dama da suka haɗa da:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-movies/i-m-not-ready-for-marriage-zynell-zuh.html#&ts=undefined|title=I’m not ready for marriage - Zynnell Zuh|last=|first=|date=|website=www.graphic.com.gh|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Zynnell-Zuh-wins-Spice-Lifestyle-Award-in-Nigeria-707225|title=Zynnell Zuh wins Spice Lifestyle Award in Nigeria|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/60667/zynnell-zuh-honoured-with-green-october-award.html|title=Zynnell Zuh Honoured With Green October Award|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/movies/201708/324844.php|title=Zynnell Zuh Wins Most Stylish Movie Star Award|last=Online|first=Peace FM|website=www.peacefmonline.com|access-date=2019-10-12|archive-date=2022-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215042842/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/movies/201708/324844.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/September-15th/king-promise-wins-big-at-2019-glitz-style-awards.php|title=King Promise wins big at 2019 Glitz Style Awards|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-10-12|archive-date=2019-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016195455/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/September-15th/king-promise-wins-big-at-2019-glitz-style-awards.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/2nd-ghana-makeup-awards-zynell-zuh-and-other-celebrities-win-awards/|title=2nd Ghana Makeup Awards: Zynell Zuh and other celebrities win awards - News Ghana|last=Addo|first=Francis|date=|website=News Ghana|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.todaygh.com/actress-zynnell-zuh-signed-face-relumins-skincare-range/|title=Actress Zynnell Zuh Signed As Face of Relumins Skincare Range|last=today|date=2017-09-19|website=Today Newspaper|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-12|archive-date=2019-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012111213/https://www.todaygh.com/actress-zynnell-zuh-signed-face-relumins-skincare-range/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/zynnell-zuh-honoured-for-her-contribution-to-fashion-and-style-by-la-mode-magazine-in-nigeria/|title=Zynnell Zuh honoured for her contribution to Fashion and Style by La Mode Magazine in Nigeria|last=Debrah|first=Ameyaw|date=2019-10-07|website=AmeyawDebrah.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-12}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Event !Prize !Result |- |2013 |City People entertainment awards |Best supporting actress |{{Won}} |- |2016 |Golden Movie awards |Best Actress in a Drama 2016 ‘ANNIVERSARY’ |{{Won}} |- |2016 |Glitz Style Awards |Most Stylish Movie Star |{{Won}} |- |2016 |Zafaa Awards |Best Actress Drama |{{Nominated}} |- |2017 |Golden Movie Awards |Best Actress Drama |{{Nominated}} |- |2017 |Glitz Style Awards |Most Stylish Movie Star |{{Won}} |- |2017 |Eurostar Limousine’s Ghana Fashion Review Panel prize |Best Dressed Celebrity on the Red Carpet |{{Won}} |- |2018 |International Achievement Recognition Awards (IARA) | |{{Nominated}} |- |2018 |Spice Style Awards |Best Female Lead in a Movie |{{Won}} |- |2018 |Ghana Makeup Awards |Most Glamorous Celebrity |{{Won}} |- |2019 |Green October Awards | |{{Won}} |- |2019 |Glitz Style Awards |Best Dressed Celebrity on the Red Carpet |{{Won}} |} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1990]] [[Category:Mutanen Ghana]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] r7z7lma45gm58uwrxsneg8ic3zja29o 0 15149 823817 497002 2026-04-21T20:10:12Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Milliyet 1930 haziran 8.pdf|thumb|batun a jarida]] '''Ndidi Kanu''' (an haife ta ne ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekaran 1986) itace ƴar [[Nijeriya|wasan]] ƙwallon ƙafa ta [[Nijeriya]] wacce take buga ma Odense BK wasa. tana daya daga cikin shahararrun yan wasa a Najeriya. == Rayuwa == An haifi Kanu a garin [[Abuja]] a shekarar 1986. Kanu ta fara biyan kuɗi tare da FTC Queens<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fyens.dk/article/4447:Sport--OB-ser-paa-nye-nigerianere|title=OB ser på nye nigerianere - fyens.dk - Sport - Fyens Stiftstidende|access-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321030012/http://www.fyens.dk/article/4447:Sport--OB-ser-paa-nye-nigerianere|archive-date=21 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> kafin ya motsa a farkon kakar 2003/04 zuwa Denmark. Daga nan ta koma Odense BK a 2006 na tsawon watanni shida.<ref>[http://sasvariway.com/PressReleases2005.asp Sasvari to coordinate Girls teams for top local club!] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123181617/http://sasvariway.com/PressReleases2005.asp|date=2016-01-23}}</ref> A lokacin bazara na 2006, ta dawo da kungiyar su ta Danish ta OB na rabin shekara, bayan mummunan rauni a gwiwa. Kanu ta koma cikin watan Agustan 2006 ne don komawa aro zuwa Najeriya ga Remo Queens sannan ta dawo a watan Fabrairun 2007 ta koma Odense BK.<ref>[http://ob.dk/forum/thread/19047.aspx Ny nigerianer i OB] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216135037/http://ob.dk/forum/thread/19047.aspx|date=2007-02-16}}</ref> == Buga wasan kasa == Kanu ya kasance ne tun daga 2002 zuwa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya . <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200406230424.html allAfrica.com: Nigeria/Kenya: Kikelomo May Replace Kanu]</ref> A lokacin bazara na 2003, an nada ta a cikin FIFA FIFA Kofin Duniya na 2003 gabanin zabin 'yan wasa 35 amma ba ta shiga kungiyar da ta yi wasa ba saboda wani rauni na jijiyar baya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mutane daga babban birnin tarayyar Abuja]] 0nxpjlihaycrijjy99h0udq2ek8hmiw 823818 823817 2026-04-21T20:10:36Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Milliyet 1930 haziran 8.pdf|thumb|batun a jarida]] '''Ndidi Kanu''' (an haife ta ne ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekaran 1986) itace ƴar [[Nijeriya|wasan]] ƙwallon ƙafa ta [[Nijeriya]] wacce take buga ma Odense BK wasa. tana daya daga cikin shahararrun yan wasa a Najeriya. == Rayuwa == An haifi Kanu a garin [[Abuja]] a shekarar 1986. Kanu ta fara biyan kuɗi tare da FTC Queens<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fyens.dk/article/4447:Sport--OB-ser-paa-nye-nigerianere|title=OB ser på nye nigerianere - fyens.dk - Sport - Fyens Stiftstidende|access-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321030012/http://www.fyens.dk/article/4447:Sport--OB-ser-paa-nye-nigerianere|archive-date=21 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> kafin ya motsa a farkon kakar 2003/04 zuwa Denmark. Daga nan ta koma Odense BK a 2006 na tsawon watanni shida.<ref>[http://sasvariway.com/PressReleases2005.asp Sasvari to coordinate Girls teams for top local club!] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123181617/http://sasvariway.com/PressReleases2005.asp|date=2016-01-23}}</ref> A lokacin bazara na 2006, ta dawo da kungiyar su ta Danish ta OB na rabin shekara, bayan mummunan rauni a gwiwa. Kanu ta koma cikin watan Agustan 2006 ne don komawa aro zuwa Najeriya ga Remo Queens sannan ta dawo a watan Fabrairun 2007 ta koma Odense BK.<ref>[http://ob.dk/forum/thread/19047.aspx Ny nigerianer i OB] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216135037/http://ob.dk/forum/thread/19047.aspx|date=2007-02-16}}</ref> == Buga wasan kasa == Kanu ya kasance ne tun daga shekarar 2002 zuwa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya . <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200406230424.html allAfrica.com: Nigeria/Kenya: Kikelomo May Replace Kanu]</ref> A lokacin bazara na 2003, an nada ta a cikin FIFA FIFA Kofin Duniya na 2003 gabanin zabin 'yan wasa 35 amma ba ta shiga kungiyar da ta yi wasa ba saboda wani rauni na jijiyar baya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mutane daga babban birnin tarayyar Abuja]] r9al6u2t4gctld998aw16b6icgxzb1o 0 15628 823913 495809 2026-04-22T04:23:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Nnenna Nwakanma.png|thumb]] [[Fayil:Nnenna Nwakanma.jpg|thumb]] '''Yinka Olukunga''', haihuwa '''Olayinka Olukunga''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Nnenna''', 'yar fim ce ta [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Nijeriya]], yar wasan kwaikwayo da shirya. Kuma gudanar da taro dan nishadi. == Ayyuka == Mace ce da ta kammala karatu a Jami’ar Jihar Legas, anfi sanin ta da yawan tallan da take gabatarwa a gidan talabijin na Wale Adenuga Production . Ta ce game da aikinta: "Yin aiki tare da yara yana faranta mini rai. Na raba kawance na musamman da su kuma yana haskaka min ranar ganin su suna murmushi ".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/project-cant-make-take-jobs-yinka-olukunga-k-nnenna/|title=My project can't make me take other jobs|magazine=The Nation|access-date=8 October 2016}}</ref> == Farkon rayuwam == Ta yi aure a 2014, kuma ta haifi tagwaye ‘yan mata Olivia da Maia a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://motherhoodinstyle.net/2016/09/21/nnenna-and-friends-star-actress-yinka-olukunga-shares-beautiful-photos-of-her-family/|title=‘Nnenna and Friends’ Star Actress Yinka Olukunga Shares Beautiful Photos Of Her Family|publisher=Motherhood in Style|date=21 September 2016|access-date=8 October 2016}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://encomium.ng/my-pregnancy-was-complicated-mother-of-twins-nnenna-yinka-olukunga-denies-marrying-secretly/|title=’My pregnancy was complicated’ – Mother of twins, Nnenna (Yinka Olukunga) denies marrying secretly|publisher=Encomium|access-date=8 October 2016}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Yarbawa]] [[Category:Mata yan wasan kwaikwayo]] rc89kl7l8cfminuivrom7zifk2yfar4 0 17421 824142 293100 2026-04-22T11:51:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zuriel Elise Oduwole''' Ta kasance ba'amurkiya ce mai ba da shawara<ref>{{Cite web|last=Theirworld|date=2020-07-19|title=At just 15, Zuriel has talked about girls' education to 24 presidents and prime ministers|url=https://theirworld.org/news/zuriel-oduwole-girls-education-campaign-visits-24-world-leaders|access-date=2020-07-19|website=Theirworld|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=US teen 'unstoppable' in fight for girl power in Africa|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/us-teen-unstoppable-fight-girl-power-africa-144452177.html|access-date=2020-07-22|website=Yahoo|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722083233/https://www.yahoo.com/news/us-teen-unstoppable-fight-girl-power-africa-144452177.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sisi interviewed by American teenage advocate Oduwole|url=http://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/60144/Sisi-interviewed-by-American-teenage-advocate-Oduwole|access-date=2020-07-19|website=EgyptToday}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.biguniverse.com/library/books/zuriel-oduwole-filmmaker-and-campaigner-for-girls-education|title=Zuriel Oduwole: Filmmaker and Campaigner for Girls' Education|isbn=978-1-4271-2076-2|access-date=2023-02-11|archive-date=2021-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127030648/https://www.biguniverse.com/library/books/zuriel-oduwole-filmmaker-and-campaigner-for-girls-education|url-status=dead}}</ref> kuma mai shirya fina-finai da aka fi sani da ayyukanta kan shawarwari game da ilimin yara mata a Afirka. Tun lokacin da take bayar da shawarwari ya sanya ta a lokacin bazara na 2013 tana da shekara 10, ita ce mafi karancin shekaru da ''[[Forbes]]'' ta bayyana.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/02/24/meet-inspiring-11-year-old-zuriel-oduwole-watch-her-ebonylife-interview/|title=Meet Inspiring 11 Year-Old Zuriel Oduwole! Watch her Ebonylife Interview|work=[[BellaNaija]]|date=24 February 2014|access-date=14 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/tag/zuriel-oduwole/|title=Zuriel Oduwole Archives|website=Forbes Africa|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-24}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 2014, Zuriel tana da shekaru 12, ta zama mafi ƙanƙancin ɗan fim a duniya da ta shirya fim ɗin kanta da kanta, bayan an nuna/haska fim din a (two movie chains),<ref name="zu">{{cite news|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/2015/11/wonderkid-zuriel-oduwole-takes-on-michael-jackson-in-new-documentary/|title=Wonderkid Zuriel Oduwole takes on Michael Jackson in new documentary|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|date=23 November 2014|access-date=14 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="zuriel">{{cite news|url=http://www.edition.cnn.com/2015/04/30/africa/zuriel-oduwole-filmmaker/|title=She's made 4 films, interviewed 14 heads of state – oh, and she's only 12|work=[[CNN]]|last=Said-Moorhouse|first=Lauren|date=30 April 2015|access-date=14 December 2015}}</ref> ɗaga nan ta cigaba da nunawa/haska fim ɗin a ƙasashen [[Ghana]], [[Ingila]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], da [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ynaija.com/nigerian-13-year-old-film-maker-zuriel-oduwole-featured-cnbc-africa-watch/|title=13-year-old Nigerian filmmaker, Zuriel Oduwole featured on CNBC Africa (WATCH) - YNaija|last=Peters|first=Oreoluwa|date=2016-05-08|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-08-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tanzaniatoday.co.tz/news/cnbc-profiles-13-year-old-film-maker---zuriel-oduwole|title=CNBC Profiles 13 Year Old Film Maker - ZURIEL ODUWOLE {{!}} Magazeti ya leo{{!}} Tanzania News {{!}}Tanzania Today|website=www.tanzaniatoday.co.tz|access-date=2016-08-29|archive-date=2016-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919064557/http://www.tanzaniatoday.co.tz/news/cnbc-profiles-13-year-old-film-maker---zuriel-oduwole|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2016/03/girl-filmmaker-zuriel-oduwole-using-my.html|title=AFRICAN WOMEN IN CINEMA BLOG: Girl filmmaker Zuriel Oduwole: "…using my documentaries to tell Africa's story."|last=Ellerson|first=Beti|date=2016-03-03|website=AFRICAN WOMEN IN CINEMA BLOG|access-date=2016-08-29}}</ref> [[File:Zuriel Talking To Secretary of State John Kerry.jpg|thumb|Zuriel meeting US Secretary of State Kerry January 6th 2017]] ==Haihuwa== [[File:Zuriel Oduwole Presenting Dream Up, Speak Up, Stand Up.png|thumb|Zuriel Oduwole]] Zuriel Oduwole was born in Los Angeles, California in July 2002. Her first venture into media and advocacy was in 2012 when she entered a school competition with a documentary film about Africa titled The Ghana Revolution. For this she conducted her first presidential interviews, when she met with two former presidents of Ghana: Jerry Rawlings and John Kufuor. ==Kyaututtuka== [[File:Zuriel Oduwole and Goodluck Jonathon.png|thumb|Zuriel Oduwole tare da Johnothan]] A watan Oktoba na 2013, Salma Kikwete ta bai wa Oduwole lambar yabo ta jakada a Tanzaniya, kuma an sanya wa dakin karatun kwamfuta a daya daga cikin makarantun kasar sunan ta. Har ila yau, a waccan shekarar an sanya ta a cikin jerin sunayen "Mutum 100 da Suka Fi Tasiri a Afirka". A ranar 21 ga Afrilu 2014, Oduwole ya kasance a matsayin 11arfin 11 mai inarfi a duniya ta New York Business Insider's a cikin jerin sunayensu "'san Mutum Mai Powerarfin Duniya a Kowane Zamani". A watan Fabrairun 2015, mujallar Elle ta jera ta a cikin shirinsu na shekara-shekara na "Mata 33 Da Suka Canza Duniya", tare da Shugabar Fed Reserve Janet Yellen da Shugaban Kamfanin General Motors, Mary Barra. A ranar 12 ga Maris din 2016, Zuriel ya ci gasar "Mace a Kan Yunƙurin" a fitowar 2016 ta "Sabuwar Matan Matan Afirka". A watan Agustan 2016 tana da shekara 14, Forbes Afrique wacce aka rarraba a dukkan kasashen Afirka 23 na Faransa da Faransa, Belgium da Switzerland, ta sanya ta a cikin jerin sunayen mata 100 da suka fi tasiri a Afirka, tare da Shugaban Liberia, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf da Ameenah Gurib, Shugaban Mauritius. [[File:Zuriel Oduwole headshot.png|thumb|Zuriel Oduwole]] A watan Satumbar 2017, The New York Times ta nuna yadda take bunkasa a fagen bayar da shawarwari kan ilimin yara mata da shirye-shiryen ci gaba don hana aurar da yara mata da wuri a Nahiyar Afirka, a bangarensu - Mata A Duniya. ==Ayyukanta== *The Ghana Revolution (2012)[16] *The 1963 OAU Formation (2013) *Technology in Educational Development (2014) *A Promising Africa (2014) *Follow The Ball For Education (2017) *Goree Island - Senegal, A Solemn Story (2019)[101] *Nelson Mandela - A Centenary Life of Giving (2019)[102] ==Manazarta da na duba== https://theirworld.org/news/zuriel-oduwole-girls-education-campaign-visits-24-world-leaders http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/2015/11/wonderkid-zuriel-oduwole-takes-on-michael-jackson-in-new-documentary/ [[category:Haifaffun 2002]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] qj7zbl3h81115avsgnsnozvpgbxvd1b 0 19981 823880 494975 2026-04-22T00:01:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language family|name=Biu–Mandara|altname=Central Chadic|region=[[Nigeria]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]]|familycolor=Afro-Asiatic|fam2=[[Chadic languages|Chadic]]|glotto=bium1280|glottorefname=Biu–Mandara|child1=South|child2=Hurza|child3=North}} [[File:Afro_asiatic_peoples_nigeria.png|thumb|Manyan mutanen da ke magana da harshen Chadic a Najeriya.]] [[Fayil:Biu-Mandara languages.jpg|thumb|Bin Mandara]] Ana magana da yarukan '''Biu-Mandara''' a '''[[Cadi|Chadi]] na tsakiya''' na dangin Afro-Asiatic a [[Najeriya]], Chadi da kuma [[Kamaru]]. == Yaruka == Gravina (2014) ya rarraba Tsakiyar Chadic kamar haka, a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake gina harshe. Harafi da lambobi a cikin parentheses daza su dace da rassa a cikin rarrabuwan na baya. Babban canje-canjen shine rushewa da sake rarraba harsunan tsohuwar sashen Mafa (A.5) da Mandage (Kotoko) reshe (B.1). <ref>Gravina, R. (2014). ''[http://www.lotpublications.nl/Documents/375_fulltext.pdf The phonology of Proto-Central Chadic: the reconstruction of the phonology and lexicon of Proto-Central Chadic, and the linguistic history of the Central Chadic languages]'' (Doctoral dissertation, LOT: Utrecht).</ref> * '''Kudancin''' ** Kudancin <ref>Languages are closer to each other than are those of the northern branch</ref> *** Bata (A.8) **** Bata Daidai: [[Harshen Bacama|Bacama]], Bata, Fali, Gude, [[Harshen Gudu|Gudu]], [[Yaren Holma|Holma]] (†), Jimi, Ngwaba (daga A.1 Tera), [[Harshen Nzanyi|Nzanyi]], Sharwa **** Tsuvan: Tsuvan, [[Zizilivakan language|Zizilivakan]] *** Daba (A.7) **** [[Harshen Daba|Daba]] Daidai: Daba, [[Harshen Mazagway|Mazagway Hidi]] **** [[Harshen Hina|Mina]]: Mina, Mbudum **** Buwal: Buwal, Gavar *** Mafa (= Kudancin A.5 Mafa (d)): Mafa, Mefele, Cuvok *** Tera (A.1): **** Gabashin Tera: [[Yaren Boga|Boga]], [[Yaren Ga'anda|Ga'anda]], [[Harshen Hwana|Hwana]] **** (Yammacin [[Yaren Terawa|Tera]]): [[Harshen Jara|Jara]], Tera *** [[Sukur language|Sukur]] (A.6) * '''Hurza''' ** Hurza (daga A.5 Mafa): Vame, Mbuko * '''Arewa''' ** Margi-Mandara-Mofu *** Margi (A.2) **** [[Harshen Bura|Bura]]: Bura, [[Harshen Cibak|Cibak]], [[Putai language|Putai]], [[Harshen Nggwahyi|Nggwahyi]] **** [[Marghi|Margi]] Daidai: [[Harshen Huba|Kilba]], [[Margi South harshe|Margi ta Kudu]], Margi *** Mandara (A.4): **** Wandala: [[Harshen wandala|Mandara]] ([[Harshen wandala|Malgwa]]), [[Harshen Glavda|Glavda]] **** [[Harshen Dghwede|Dghwede]]: [[Yaren Cineni|Cineni]], Dghwede, [[Harshen Guduf-Gava|Guduf]], [[Harshen Guduf-Gava|Gava]], [[Yaren Gvoko|Gvoko]] **** Podoko: Podoko, Matal (daga A.5 Mafa) *** Mofu (wani ɓangare na Kudancin A.5 Mafa) **** Tokombere: Ouldeme, Mada, Muyang, Molokwo **** Meri: Zulgo, Gemzek, Merey, Dugwor **** Mofu Daidai: Mofu Arewa, Mofu-Gudur ** Maroua *** Maroua (wani ɓangare na Kudancin A.5 Mafa (c)): Giziga Arewa, Giziga Kudu, [[Harshen Baldemu|Mbazla]] ** Lamang *** [[Harshen Lamang|Lamang]] (West A.4 Wandala): Lamang, [[Harshen HD|Hdi]], Mabas ** Higi *** Higi (A.3): Bana, [[Harshen Hya|Hya]], Psikyɛ, [[Harshen Kamwe|Kamwe]], Kirya-Konzel ** Musgum - Arewacin Kotoko *** Tsibirin Kotoko: Buduma *** Kotoko ta Arewa: Mpade, [[Harshen Afade|Afaɗə]], Malgbe, Maltam *** Musgum (B.2): Musgum, Mbara, Muskum (†) ** Cibiyar Kotoko *** Cibiyar Kotoko: Lagwan, Mser ** Kotoko ta Kudu *** Kotoko ta Kudu: Zina, Mazera ** Gudun ruwa Rassan Biu-Mandara a al'ada suna tafiya da sunaye ko haruffa da lambobi a cikin tsari. Blench (2006) ya shirya su kamar haka: <ref>Blench, 2006. [http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203055600/http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf |date=2024-12-03 }} (ms)</ref> * '''Tera''' (A.1): [[Yaren Terawa|Tera]], [[Yaren Terawa|Pidlimdi]] (Hinna), [[Harshen Jara|Jara]], [[Yaren Ga'anda|Ga'anda]], [[Yaren Ga'anda|Gabin]], [[Yaren Boga|Boga]], Ngwaba, [[Harshen Hwana|Hwana]] * '''Bura-Higi''' ** '''Bura''' (A.2): [[Harshen Bura|Bura-Pabir]] (Bura), [[Harshen Cibak|Cibak]] (Kyibaku), [[Harshen Nggwahyi|Nggwahyi]], [[Harshen Huba|Huba]] (Kilba), [[Putai language|Putai]] (Marghi West), Marghi Central (Margi, Margi Babal), Marghi South[[Margi South harshe|Marghi ta Kudu]] ** ? Kofa ** '''Higi''' (A.3): [[Harshen Kamwe|Kamwə]] (Psikyɛ, Higi), Bana, [[Harshen Hya|Hya]], ? Kirya-Konzəl * '''Wandala-Mafa''' ** '''Wandala (Mandara) ''' (A.4) *** Gabas: [[Harshen wandala|Wandala]] (Mura, Mandara, Malgwa), [[Harshen Glavda|Glavda]] (Gəlvaxdaxa) *** Parəkwa (Podoko) *** Yamma: Gəvoko, [[Harshen Guduf-Gava|Guduf-Gava]] ([[Yaren Cineni|Cineni]]), [[Harshen Dghwede|Dghweɗe]], [[Harshen HD|Hdi]] (Xədi, Hedi, Tur), [[Harshen Lamang|Lamang]], [[Harshen Lamang|Woga]], Vemgo, Mabas *** [[Sukur language|Sukur]] (Sakwun, A.6) ** '''Mafa''' (A.5) *** Ruwa maso gabashin Mafa: Vame (Pəlasla), Mbuko, Gaduwa *** Matal (Muktele) *** Kudancin Mafa **** (a) Wuzlam (Ouldémé), Muyang, Maɗa, Məlokwo **** (b) Zəlgwa-Minew, Gemzek, Ɗuugwor, Mikere, MereyYa cancanta **** (c) Arewacin Giziga, Kudancin Giziga), Arewacin Mofu, Mofu-Gudur (Kudancin Mofu), [[Harshen Baldemu|Baldemu]] (Mbazlam) **** (d) Cuvok, Mafa, Mefele, Shügule * '''Daba''' (A.7) ** Arewacin Daba: Buwal (Gadala), Gavar (Kortchi) ** Kudancin Daba: [[Harshen Hina|Mina]] (Besleri, Hina), [[Harshen Daba|Daba]] ([[Harshen Mazagway|Mazagway]]), Mbədam * '''Bata (Gbwata) ''' (A.8): [[Harshen Bacama|Bacama]], Bata (Gwata), Sharwa, Tsuvan, Gude, Fali na Mubi, [[Zizilivakan language|Zizilivakan]] (Ulan Mazhilvən, Fali na Jilbu), Jimi (Jimjimən), [[Harshen Gudu|Gudu]], [[Yaren Holma|Holma]] (†), [[Harshen Nzanyi|Nzanyi]] * Mandage (Kotoko) (B.1) ** Kudancin Jagora: Msər (Kousseri), Lagwan (Logone) ** ? Jilbe ** Arewacin umurni: [[Harshen Afade|Afaɗə]], Maslam, Malgbe (Gulfey), Mpadə * '''''Buduma''' (Yedina) '' * '''Gabas ta Tsakiya''' ** ''Gidar (Kaɗa) '' ** '''Munjuk''' (B.2): Mbara, Muskum (Muzuk) (†), Mpus, Beege (Jafga), Vulum (Mulwi) ** Mida'a (< B.1): Jina, Majəra Tsakiyar Chadic ta rarraba da Newman (1977): [[File:Biu-Mandara_languages.jpg|700x700px|Newman 1977]] A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen yaruka, yawan jama'a, da wurare (a cikin [[Harsunan Najeriya|Najeriya]] kawai) daga Blench (2019). {| class="wikitable" !Reshe ! ! |+'''Rarraba rassan Biu–Mandara a Najeriya''' |Tera |A1 |[[Gombi]] LGA, [[Adamawa|Adamawa State]] and [[Biu]] LGA, [[Borno|jihar Borno]] |- | | |[[Mubi (Birni)|Mubi]] LGA, jihar [[Adamawa]] |- | | |Karamar hukumar [[Michika]],jihar [[Adamawa]] |- | | |Karamar hukumar [[Gwoza]] , jihar [[Borno|Borno da karamar hukumar]] [[Michika]] ,jihar [[Adamawa]] |} === Kudanci === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 75%" ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !Sauran sunaye na harshen ! ! ! ! |- | | | | | | | | | | |Kauye daya, kasa da 1,000. Galibi a Kamaru |Jihar [[Adamawa]] ,karamar hukumar Mubi Tsakanin Mubi da Bahuli | |- |[[Mafa language|Mafa]] |Mafa | |Mafa (Mofa) a Nigeria. Yaren Kamaru sun kasu gida biyu ,Yamma ta Tsakiya da Gabashi. |Mofa | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | |Mokar [sunan wurin da tukunyar birgima ta tsaya] | |7,600 (1952); 10,000 (1973 SIL); ␣4. Kauyuka shida |Jihar [[Adamawa]] , karamar hukumar Gombi | |- |[[Kaben language|Kaɓƙwan]] |Tera | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |} === Arewa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 75%" !Harshe !Ofishin reshe !Rukunin !Harsuna !Sauran rubutun !Sunan kansa don harshe !Sunayen da ke ciki !Sauran sunaye (bisa ga wuri) !Sauran sunayen harshe !Sunan waje !Masu magana !Wurin (s) !Bayani |- |[[Harshen Huba|Huba]] |Bura | |Luwa |Haba |Huba |Huba |Chobba Kilba | | |32,000 (1952); 100,000 (1980 UBS) |[[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Hong, Maiha, Mubi da Gombi LGAs | |- |[[Marghi|Margi]] |Bura | |Tsakiya: Margi babal = 'Margi na Filayen' a kusa da Lasa, Margi Dzәrŋu = 'Marji kusa da Hill öu' a kusa le Gulak; Gwàrà; Mə̀lgwí (Mulgwe, Molgheu); Wúrgà (Urga); Kudancin Margi an ƙidaya shi a matsayin yare daban kuma yana da alaƙa da Huba |Marghi da Margyi |Margi |Margi | | | |Ga Margi, Margi ta Kudu da Putai: 135,000 (1955); 200,000 (1987 UBS) |[[Borno|Jihar Borno]], Askira-Uba da Damboa LGAs; [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Madagali, Mubi da Michika LGAs | |- |[[Harshen Nggwahyi|Nggwahyi]] |Bura | | |Ngwaxi da Ngwohi | | | | | |Ɗaya daga cikin ƙauyuka |Jihar Borno, Askira-Uba LGA | |- |[[Putai language|Putai]] |Bura | | | | | | |Margi Yamma |Margi Putai = 'West Margi', Margi na Minthla |Harshen yana mutuwa, amma yawan kabilanci yana da yawa |Jihar Borno, Damboa LGA | |- |[[Margi South harshe|Margi ta Kudu]] |Bura | |Wamdiu, Hildi | | | | | |Margi ti ntam |Ga Margi, Margi ta Kudu da Putai: 135,000 (1955) |Jihar Borno, Askira-Uba LGA; Jihar Adamawa, Mubi da Michika LGAs |Hoffmann (1963) ya danganta harshen Margi ta Kudu ga Huba maimakon Margi. |- |[[Harshen Bura|Bura-Pabir]] |Bura | |Bura Pela (Hill Bura), Bura Hyil Hawul (Plains Bura) |Bourrah, Burra, Babir, Babur |Mya Bura |Mutanen biyu da ke da yare ɗaya: Bura da Pabir |Kwojeffa, Huve, Huviya | | |72,200 (1952 W&B), 250,000 (1987 UBS) |Jihar Borno, Biu da Askira-Uba LGAs | |- |[[Harshen Cibak|Cibak]] |Bura | | |Chibak, Chibuk, Chibbuk, Chibbak, Kyibaku, Kibaku | |Cibɔ́k, Kikuk | | | |20,000 (1973 SIL) |Jihar Borno, Damboa LGA, kudu da garin Damboa | |- |[[Harshen Kamwe|Kamwe]] |Higi | |Nkafa, Dakwa (Bazza), Sәna, Wula, Futu, Tili Pte, Kapsiki (Ptsәkɛ) a Kamaru | |Vacammu | | | |Higi, Hiji, Kapsiki |64,000 (1952); 180,000 (1973 SIL) ya kasance. 23,000 a KamaruKamaru |Jihar Adamawa, Michika LGA da kuma cikin KamaruKamaru | |- |[[Harshen Kamwe|Mukta]] |Higi |Kamwe | |Mukta | | | | | |Garin Mukta |[[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]] | |- |'''''Ƙungiyar Kirya-Konzal''''' |Higi |Kirya-Konzal | | | | | | |Fali | |Jihar Adamawa, Michika LGA. | |- |Kirya |Higi |Kirya-Konzal | | |Myá Kákíryà |ndá Kákìryà pl. | | |Fali na Kiriya |7,000 ne. 2007. Kirya: ƙauyuka 13 | | |- |Konzyal |Higi |Kirya-Konzal | | |Myá Kónzál |ndá Kónzá̀l pl. | | |Falsi na Haydu |9000 ne. 2007. Konzәl: ƙauyuka 15 | | |- |[[Yaren Cineni|Cene]] |Mandara | | |Cene | |Cene | | | |3200 (Kim 2001) |Jihar Borno, Gwoza LGA, gabashin garin Gwoza a cikin duwatsu. Ƙauyuka 5. | |- |[[Harshen Dghwede|Dghweɗe]] |Mandara | | |Dghwede, Hude, Johode, Dehoxde, Tghuade, Toghwede, Traude |Dghwéɗè | | |Azaghvana, Wa'a, Zaghvana | |19,000 (1963), 7,900 (TR 1970), 30,000 (1980 UBS) |Jihar Borno, Gwoza LGA | |- |'''''Guduf-Cikiru rukuni''''' |Mandara |Guduf-Ciru | | | | | | |Afkabiye (Lamang) |21,300 (1963) |Jihar Borno, Gwoza LGA, gabashin garin Gwoza a cikin duwatsu. Manyan ƙauyuka shida. | |- |[[Harshen Guduf-Gava|Guduf]] |Mandara |Guduf-Ciru |Guduf, Cikide | | |Kadupaxa | | |Ɓuxe, Gbuwhe, Latәghwa (Lamang), Lipedeke (Lamang). Hakanan an yi amfani da shi ga Dghwede . | | | |- |[[Harshen Guduf-Gava|Gava]] |Mandara |Guduf-Ciru | |Gawa | |Kadupaxa | | |Linggava, Ney Laxaya, Yaghwatadaxa, Yawotataxa, Yawutatacha, Yaxmare, Wakura | | | |- |[[Harshen Guduf-Gava|Ciru]] |Mandara |Guduf-Ciru | |Ciru | |Ciru | | | | | | |- |[[Yaren Gvoko|Gvoko]] |Mandara | | |Gamuwa | | |Ngoshe Ndaghang, Ngweshe Ndhang, Nggweshe | |Ngoshe Sama |2,500 (1963); 4,300 (1973 SIL); an kiyasta fiye da 20,000 (1990) |Jihar Borno, Gwoza LGA; Jihar Adamawa, Michika LGA | |- |'''''Ƙungiyar [[Harshen Lamang|Lamang]]''''' |Mandara |Lamang | |Laamang | | |Waha | | |15,000 (TR 1970), 40,000 (1963) | | |- |[[Harshen Lamang|Zaladva]] |Mandara |Lamang |Zaladeva (Alataghwa), Dzuuɓa (Dzuuba), Lәghva (Lughva), Gwózà Wakane (Gwozo) |Zalladya | | |Lamang ta Arewa | | | |Jihar Borno, Gwoza LGA | |- |[[Harshen Lamang|Ghumbagha]] |Mandara |Lamang |Hәɗkàlà (Xadkala, Hidkala, Hitkala), Waga (Wagga, Woga, Waha) | | | |Lamang ta Tsakiya | | | |Jihar Borno, Gwoza LGA; Jihar Adamawa, Michika LGA; | |- |[[Harshen Lamang|Ghudavan]] |Mandara |Lamang | |Ghudeven, Ghudávön | | |Lamang ta Kudu | | | |Jihar Borno, Gwoza LGA; Jihar Adamawa, Michika LGA; kuma a KamaruKamaru | |- |[[Harshen Glavda|Glavda]] |Mandara | |Ngoshe (Ngweshe) |Galavda, Glanda, Gelebda, Gәlәvdә | | | | |Wakura |20,000 (1963); 2,800 a Kamaru (1982 SIL) |Jihar Borno, Gwoza LGA; kuma a KamaruKamaru | |- |[[Harshen HD|Hdi]] |Mandara | | |Ya ɓoye, Ya ɓoye da Xide, Ya ɓace |Xadi | |Gra, Tur, Turu, Tourou, Ftour | | | |Jihar Borno, Gwoza LGA; Jihar Adamawa, Michika LGA; kuma a KamaruKamaru | |- |'''''Cluster na Vemgo-Mabas''''' |Mandara |Vemgo-Mabas | | | | | | | | | | |- |Ka zo |Mandara |Vemgo-Mabas | | | | | | | | |Jihar Borno, Gwoza LGA; Jihar Adamawa, Michika LGA; kuma a KamaruKamaru | |- |Mabas |Mandara |Vemgo-Mabas | | | | | | | |Wata ƙauye a kan iyakar Najeriya / Kamaru |Jihar Adamawa, Michika LGA. Km 10. SE na Madagali | |- |'''''Ƙungiyar [[Harshen wandala|Wandala]]''''' |Mandara |Wandala | |Mandara da Ndara | | | | | |19,300 a Najeriya (1970); 23,500 a Kamaru (1982 SIL) |Jihar Borno. Bama, Gwoza LGAs. | |- |[[Harshen wandala|Wandala]] |Mandara |Wandala | | | |Wandala |Mandara | | |An yi amfani da shi azaman harshe a cikin wannan yanki na Najeriya da KamaruKamaru | | |- |Mura |Mandara |Wandala | | | |Mura |Mora, Kirdi Mora | | |Wani nau'i na tsohuwar Wandala da mutanen da ba Musulunci ba ke magana |Ba a tabbatar da ko ana magana da Mura a Najeriya | |- |[[Harshen wandala|Malgwa]] |Mandara |Wandala |Gwanje | | |Málgwa | | |Malgo, Gamargu, Gamergu |10,000 (TR 1970) |Jihar Borno, Damboa, Gwoza da Konduga LGAs | |- |[[Harshen Afade|Afaɗya]] |Umurni | | |Afade, Affade, Afadee |Afaɗya | |Kotoko, Mogari | | |Ƙauyuka goma sha biyu a Najeriya, kimantawa Kasa da 20,000 (1990) |Jihar Borno, Ngala LGA; da kuma KamaruKamaru | |- |Jilbe |Umurni | | | | |Jilbe | | | |? 100 masu magana (Tourneux p.c. 1999) |Jihar Borno, ƙauye ɗaya a kan iyakar Najeriya Kamaru, kudu da Dikwa | |- |Yedina |Yedina | |Yedina, Kuri (ba a Najeriya ba) |Yidena | | | | |Buduma |20,000 a Chadi; jimlar 25,000 (1987 SIL) |Jihar Borno, tsibirai na Tafkin Chadi kuma galibi a Chadi | |} {{Biu–Mandara languages}} [[Category:Harsunan Chadic]] fpyrzl9dsml6eg1dbiq28mcm6481z2h 0 20275 823891 560821 2026-04-22T00:09:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Kamuku kettam 3.jpg|thumb|Yan nijar masu yaren kamuku]] '''Yaren Kamuku''' wani yare ne na yarukan Kainji da mutanen Kamuku na [[Neja|Jihar Neja ke yin magana dashi]], yammacin [[Najeriya|Nijeriya ke magana da su]], galibi a ƙananan hukumomin [[Mariga (Nijeriya)|Mariga]] da [[Rafi (Nijeriya)|Rafi.]] Kodayake a da ana sanya shi a matsayin Kamuku, yanzu an sanya Pongu a cikin wani reshe mai alaƙa, da yarukan Pongu (Shiroro), da [[Acipanci (Cicipu)|Yammacin Acipa]] (Cipu) tare da [[Kamberci|yarukan Kambari]]. == Harsuna == Bulench (2012) ya lissafa waɗannan yarukan Kamuku masu zuwa da kuma yanayin zamantakewar su. Kamuku na cikin gida ana iya taƙaita shi kamar: * '''Proto-Kamuku''' ** Tsakar Gida ** Core Kamuku ('Yara) *** Cinda-Regi : Cinda, Regi - Shiyabe, Orogo, Kuki ; Kuru - Maruba *** [[Acipanci (Zubazuba)|Səgəmuk]] (Zubazuba); Sama - Sambuga *** Kagare *** Rogo II ''<nowiki/>'Yara'', ko ''Cinda-Regi-Kuki-Kuru-Maruba'', ita ce mafi girma ƙaramar ƙungiya ta Kamuku. Akwai manyan nau'o'in Cinda-Regi guda huɗu, Cinda, Regi, Orogo, da Kuki . Kuru da Maruba, duk sunaye ne da ƙauyuka, suna kusa da juna. Shiyabe yana kusa da tuRogo . Koyaya, Rogo na iya komawa zuwa nau'ikan guda biyu, sune nau'in Cinda-Regi da wani nau'in wanda ba Cinda-Regi ba (Rogo II). [[Acipanci (Zubazuba)|Səgəmuk]] (Zubazuba), Tushyabe, da Turubaruba duk ana magana dasu a garin Igwama na karamar hukumar [[Mariga (Nijeriya)|Mariga]] [[Neja|, jihar Neja]] . Ana magana da Kagare ( Kwagere ) a ƙauyen Unguwar Tanko. Akwai fahimtar juna tare da Cinda, Regi da [[Acipanci (Zubazuba)|Səgəmuk]] (Zubazuba). Sunaye yarukan Kamuku daban-daban: {| class="wikitable" !Sunan gama gari (tushe) ! Mutum daya ! Mutane ! Harshe |+ Sunaye don yarukan Kamuku daban-daban | Ucinda | Bucinda | uCinda | tuCinda |- | Regi | Buregi | URegi | Turegi |- | Rɔgo | Bɔrɔgo | u-rɔgɔ | Turɔgo |- | Canja | Bucanja | Ucanja | Tucanja |- | Bɔroma | Mutabɔroma | Utabɔroma | Tabɔroma |- | Shama | Bushama | Ushama | Tushama |- | Sambuga | Busambuga | Usambuga | Tusambuga |- | Sundura | buSundura | uSundura | Tusundura |} ==== Kare harsunan ==== Kare yaren Kamuku: * Sambuga (dadadden) da Shama (wanda har yanzu ana magana da su) suna da kusanci sosai. * Makɨci (? [Məkɨci]) ya kasance bataccen Kamuku ne da ake magana dashi a ƙauyen Makɨci kuma a cikin rukunin ƙauyen kusan * kilomitoci gabas da Igwama. * Ingwai (Inkwai) ya mutu. * Hakanan ƙauyen Saya na iya jin yarukan Kamuku. Ingwai da Saya masu magana duk sun koma [[Harshen Hausa|hausa]] . * Kwacika (dadaddun abu) an ruwaito cewa yaren Kamuku ne. === Blench (2018) === Rarraba Kamuku daga Blench (2018): <ref name="Blench2018">Blench, Roger M. 2018. Nominal affixing in the Kainji languages of northwestern and central Nigeria. In John R. Watters (ed.), ''East Benue-Congo: Nouns, pronouns, and verbs'', 59–106. Berlin: Language Science Press. {{Doi|10.5281/zenodo.1314323}}</ref> ; Kamuku * Tsakar Gida * Core Kamuku ('Yara) ** Sama - Sambuga (dadaddun) ** Makici (dadadden) ** [[Acipanci (Zubazuba)|Zubazuba]] ** Inkwai (ya mutu) ** Regi, Kuki, Rogo - Shyabe ** Gundurar Cinda Kowane laccar ana danganta ta da tsaunin mutum ɗaya a yankin [[Mariga (Nijeriya)|Mariga]] na [[Neja|Jihar Neja]] . <ref name="Blench2018">Blench, Roger M. 2018. Nominal affixing in the Kainji languages of northwestern and central Nigeria. In John R. Watters (ed.), ''East Benue-Congo: Nouns, pronouns, and verbs'', 59–106. Berlin: Language Science Press. {{Doi|10.5281/zenodo.1314323}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Yaren Pongu]], wanda aka fi sani da ''harsunan Kamuku''  == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Kara karantawa == * ''[https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9215 Binciken zamantakewar al'umma (matakin farko) na tarin harsunan Kamuku]'' == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Kainji/Kamuku/KmkOP.htm Roger Blench, Yarukan Kamuku] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420033926/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Kainji/Kamuku/KmkOP.htm |date=2015-04-20 }} [[Category:Harsunan Kainji]] s4z0md2t6o8v6os2m4js7cqa2ulawnd 0 20300 823886 521362 2026-04-22T00:06:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox language|name=Ebira /eh 'be ra/|states=[[Nigeria]]|region=[[Kogi state]], [[Nassarawa state]], [[Edo state]]|ethnicity=[[Ebira people|Ebira]]|speakers=1 million|date=1989|ref=e18|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Volta–Niger]]|fam4={{sm|noi}}|fam5=[[Nupoid languages|Nupoid]]|fam6=Ebira–Gade|iso3=igb|glotto=ebir1243|glottorefname=Ebira}} [[File:A Nigerian Yoruba groom in an Agbada made from Ebira fabric.jpg|thumb|waninan mutumin yayi deresing kalan na ebira]] [[Fayil:武勇雪月花之内 ゑびらの梅-Plum Blossoms in the Forrest of Ikuta, from the series Bravery-Beauty of the four seasons (Buyū setsugekka no uchi-Ikuta no mori, Ebira no ume) MET DP144009.jpg|thumb|yaren ebra]] '''Ebira''' (Ana kiranta da / eh 'be ra / <ref name="Blench2013">Blench, Roger. 2013. ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/VN/Nupoid/Nupoid%20Overview%202013.pdf The Nupoid languages of west-central Nigeria: overview and comparative word list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101013111/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/VN/Nupoid/Nupoid%20Overview%202013.pdf |date=2020-11-01 }}''.</ref>) yare ne ta Nijar-Congo. Kusan mutane miliyan daya ne ke magana da shi a [[Kogi|jihar Kogi]], Arewa ta tsakiyar [[Najeriya]] . Harshen Nupoid ne yafi bambanta. == Yaruka == Iri na Ebira sune: <ref name="Blench2013"/> * '''Yaren Okene''', babban yaren girmamawa da ake amfani da shi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai da bugawa. Ana magana da shi a yamma na mahadar Neja da Benuwai a nan Nigeria yankin arewa maso. Gabas * '''Yaren Koto (Okpoto)''', wanda ake magana da shi a arewa maso gabas na haduwar Niger-Benue. An san shi kawai daga jerin kalmomi a cikin Sterk (1978a). Blench (2019) ya lissafa Okene, Etuno (Tụnọ), da Koto. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] bu94vwoub8aqvdfcfu8q474zrdzts7u 0 20302 823903 334208 2026-04-22T01:52:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yarukan Jukunoid''' wani reshe ne na yarukan Benuwe-Congo da Jukun ke magana da shi da kuma mutanen da suka danganci [[Najeriya]] da [[Kamaru]] . An kuma rarraba su galibi a cikin [[Taraba|jihar Taraba]], Najeriya da yankunan kewaye. Baƙin cikinsu na hanci wanda bai dace da su ba yana da matsala ga [[Afirka ta Yamma]], kamar yadda ake gani a cikin Wapan . == Dangantakar waje == Gerhardt (1983) da Güldemann (2018) sun ba da shawarar cewa da gaske Jukunoid na daga cikin yarukan Filato, saboda tana da kamanceceniya da kungiyoyin Filato daban-daban, musamman Tarokoid . <ref>Gerhardt, L. 1983. The classification of Eggon: Plateau or Benue group? ''Journal of West African Languages'', 13(1):37-50.</ref> Koyaya, dai Blench (2005) yayi jayayya cewa Jukunoid ya bambanta da Plateau. <ref>Blench, Roger. 2005. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/General/Vienna%202005%20paper.pdf Is there a boundary between Plateau and Jukunoid?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413060306/http://rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/General/Vienna%202005%20paper.pdf |date=2021-04-13 }} Paper for the Vienna Jukunoid workshop, Vienna, 19-20th, November, 2005.</ref> == Rarrabuwa == Wannan rabe-raben mai zuwa daga Glottolog ne; an kuma kara reshen Korofofa daga ''Ethnologue'' (Glottolog ya rarraba yarukan Korofofa da Jukun): * Kuteb * Tsakiya ** Kpan – Icen: Etkywan (Icen), Kpan ** Jukun – Mbembe – Wurbo *** Jukun: Jukun (Jukun Takum), [[Jibanci|Jibu]], Hõne, Wãpha, Jan Awei *** Kororofa: Wannu, Wapan, Jiba *** Mbembe (Tigon) *** Wurbo: Como Karim, Jiru, [[Bandanci|Shoo-Minda-Nye]] ''Ethnologue'' yana ƙara reshen Yukubenic na yarukan Plateau a matsayin ɓangare na ƙungiyar Yukubenic-Kuteb bisa ga Shimizu (1980), sannan kuma Blench shima yana bin wannan rarrabuwa. Har ila yau, ''Ethnologue'' [[Bandanci|ya bar harshen Wurbo Shoo-Minda-Nye]] a matsayin wanda ba a sanya shi ba a cikin Jukun – Mbembe – Wurbo, kuma ya haɗa da harshen Benuwai-Kongo wanda ba a tantance shi ba a madadinsa. Lau shima kwanan nan Idiatov ya ruwaito (2017). <ref name="Idiatov">Idiatov, Dmitry, Mark Van de Velde, Tope Olagunju and Bitrus Andrew. 2017. ''[http://idiatov.mardi.myds.me/talks/2017_CALL_AdaGram_Survey_Results.pdf Results of the first AdaGram survey in Adamawa and Taraba States, Nigeria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601055735/http://idiatov.mardi.myds.me/talks/2017_CALL_AdaGram_Survey_Results.pdf |date=2023-06-01 }}''. 47th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics (CALL) (Leiden, Netherlands).</ref> == Sunaye da wurare == Ƙasa jerin sunayen harshe, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019). {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 75%;" !Language !Branch !Cluster !Dialects !Alternate spellings !Own name for language !Endonym(s) !Other names (location-based) !Other names for language !Exonym(s) !Speakers !Location(s) !Notes |- |Akum | | | | | |Anyar | | | |3 villages in Nigeria; 600 in Cameroon (1976) |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], ca. 6°50N, 9°50E | |- |Bete | | | | | | | | | |50 (2002) |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Wukari LGA, Bete town |no data |- |Nyifon | | | | | | | | |Iordaa |1000 (CAPRO n.d. but probably 1990s) |[[Buruku]] LGA, [[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]] |no data |- |Jan Awei | | | | |Jan Awei | | | | |12 ? (1997) |[[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe State]], West of Muri mountains, North of the Benue (precise location unknown) | |- |'''''Jukun cluster''''' | |Jukun | |Njuku | | |Njikun | | |35,000 (1971 Welmers); 1700 in Cameroon (1976) |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Wukari, Takum, Bali and Sardauna LGAs; [[Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]], Awe and Lafia LGAs; [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau State]], Shendam and Langtang South LGAs; [[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]], Makurdi LGA; and in Furu-Awa subdivision, Cameroon | |- |[[Jibanci|Jibu]] | |Jukun |Gayam, Garbabi | | | | | | |25,000 (1987 SIL) |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Gashaka LGA | |- |Takum-Donga | |Jukun |Takum, Donga | | | | |Jibu | |Second language speakers only 40,000 (1979 UBS) |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Takum, Sardauna and Bali LGAs | |- |Wase Tofa | |Jukun | | | | | | | | |[[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau State]], Shendam and Langtang South LGAs | |- |'''''Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo group''''' |Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo | | | | | | | | | | | |- |'''''Kororofa cluster''''' |Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo |Kororofa | | | | |Jukun | | |more than 62,000 (SIL) | | |- |Abinsi |Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo |Kororofa | | | |Wapan |River Jukun | | | |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Wukari LGA, at Sufa and Kwantan Sufa; [[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]], Makurdi LGA, at Abinsi | |- |Wapan |Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo |Kororofa | | |Wapan | |Wukari and Abinsi | | |60,000 (1973 SIL) |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Wukari LGA; [[Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]], Awe and Lafia LGAs; [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau State]], Shendam and Langtang South LGAs (precise areas uncertain) | |- |Hone |Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo |Kororofa | | | | |Kona | | |2,000 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin) |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Karim Lamido LGA; [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau State]], Wase LGA. Villages north and west of Jalingo | |- |Dampar |Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo |Kororofa | | | | | | | | |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Wukari LGA, at Dampar | |- |'''''Mbembe Tigong cluster''''' |Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo |Mbembe Tigong | | | |Noale |Tigong, Tigun, Tugun, Tukun, Tigum |Akonto, Nzare | |2,900 in Nigeria (1973 SIL) |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Sardauna LGA; mainly in Cameroon | |- |Ashuku |Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo |Mbembe Tigong | |Ashaku | |Ákә́tsә̀kpә́, Ákúcùkpú | |Kitsipki | | | | |- |Nama |Jukun–Mbembe–Wurbo |Mbembe Tigong | |Dama, Namu |Kporo | | |Nzare ‘I say so’; Eneeme | | | | |- |'''''[[Bandanci|Shoo–Minda–Nye]] cluster''''' |Wurbo |Shoo–Minda–Nye |May be related to Jessi spoken between Lau and Lankoviri | | | | | | |10,000 (SIL) |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Karim Lamido LGA | |- |[[Bandanci|Shoo]] |Wurbo |Shoo–Minda–Nye | |Shóó |dàŋ Shóó |Nwii Shóó | | |Banda, Bandawa | | | |- |[[Bandanci|Minda]] |Wurbo |Shoo–Minda–Nye | | | | |Jinleri | | | | | |- |[[Bandanci|Nye]] |Wurbo |Shoo–Minda–Nye | |Nyé |Nyé |Nwi Nyé | | |Kunini | | | |- |Jiru |Wurbo | | |Zhiru | | | |Atak, Wiyap, Kir | | |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Karim Lamido LGA | |- |Etkywan |Kpan–Icen | | |Icen, Ichen, Itchen |Kentu, Kya)tõ, Kyanton, Nyidu | | | | |6,330 in Donga district (1952 W&B); more than 7,000 (1973 SIL) |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Takum and Sardauna LGAs | |- |Kpan |Kpan–Icen | |Western and Eastern groups: Western: 1 Kumbo–Takum Group: Kumbo (Kpanzon), Takum; 2 Donga (Akpanzhĩ; 3 Bissaula (extinct) Eastern: Apa (per Kilham), Kente, Eregba (per Koelle) |Kpanten, Ikpan, Akpanzhi, Kpanzon, Abakan | | | |Kpwate, Hwaye, Hwaso, Nyatso, Nyonyo, Yorda, Ibukwo | | |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Wukari, Takum and Sardaunda LGAs | |- |Como–Karim |Wurbo | | |Shomoh, Shomong, Chomo, Shomo | | |Karim, Kirim |Kiyu, Nuadhu | | |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Karim Lamido and Jalingo LGAs | |- |Tita |Wurbo | | | | | | | | | |[[Taraba|Taraba State]], Jalingo LGA, at Hoai Petel |Blench was not able to identify the people or the location, though Meek had data showing it to be Jukunoid. |} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Classification !Language !1 !2 !3 !4 !5 !6 !7 !8 !9 !10 |- |Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun |Hõne (Pindiga/Gwana) |zùŋ |pyèːnè |sáːré |nyẽ́ |sɔ́nɛ́ |sùnjé |sùnpyèːnè |hūnnè |sīnyáu |dùb |- |Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun |[[Jibanci|Jibu]] |zyun |pyànà |sàra |yina |swana |sùnjin |sùmpyànn |awùyin |ajunndúbi |dwib |- |Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun |Wapa (Wãpha) |zùŋ |pyĩ̀ |sā / sārā |nyìnā |swã̄nā |ʃẽ̀ʒí |sémpyè |sẽ̄sá |sínyáu |ádùb |- |Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Kororofa |Jiba (Jibe / Kona) |zũ̀ː |pyèːnà |sàːr |nyè |són |sùnʒé |sùmpyèːnà |húhúnyè |zōrhōnnì |dùb |- |Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Kororofa |Wapan Jukun |dzun |pyìnà |tsara |nyena |tswana |cìnjen / ʃìʒen (5+ 1) |tsùpyìn (5+ 2) |tsùntsa (5+ 3) |tsùnyò (5+ 4) |dzwe |- |Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Mbembe |Tigon Mbembe |nzo |pya |sra |nyɛ |tʃwɔ́ |tʃwɔ́mbazo (5+ 1) |tʃwɔ́mbapya (5+ 2) |ɛ́nyɛnyɛ (2 x 4) ?? |tʃwɔ́mnyɛ (5+ 4) |dʒé |- |Yukuben-Kuteb |Akum |ájì |afã̀ |ata |aɲɪ̀ |acóŋ |acóŋ jì (5+ 1) |acóŋ afã̀ (5+ 2) |acóŋ ata (5+ 3) |acóŋ ɲì (5+ 4) |īkùr(ù) |- |Yukuben-Kuteb |Kapya |ūŋɡēmé |īfɡɔ̀ |ītà |īɲɨɪ̀ |ìtú |tú ŋɡì (5+ 1) |tú ófɡõ (5+ 2) |tú àtà (5+ 3) |tú īɲɨɪ̀ (5+ 4) |èbʲí / èbzí |- |Yukuben-Kuteb |Kuteb (Kutev) (1) |kínzō |ífaẽ |ítā |índʒē |ítsóŋ |ítsóŋ-ndʒō (5+ 1) |ítsóŋ-ífaẽ (5+ 2) |ítsóŋ-ítā (5+ 3) |ítsóŋ-ndʒē (5+ 4) |ridʒwēr |- |Yukuben-Kuteb |Kuteb (Kutev) (2) |kínzō |ifaen |itā |inje |itsóŋ |itsóŋ-nzō (5+ 1) |itsóŋ-faen (5+ 2) |itsóŋ-tā (5+ 3) |itsóŋ-nje (5+ 4) |rijwēr |- |Yukuben-Kuteb |Yukuben |kítə́ŋ |āpá(ŋ) |ātà, ārà |ēnzì |otòŋ |(ō)̄tòŋ kíhín (5+ 1) |(ō)̄tòŋ āpá (5+ 2) |(ō)̄tòŋ ātà / ārà (5+ 3) |(ō)̄tòŋ ēnzì (5+ 4) |kùr |} == Manazarta == 3mqn3a6pvhnu43zvtiwz4e2wdrke4wk 0 20824 824109 746513 2026-04-22T09:41:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zainab Abdul Amir Khalil Ibrahim''' ( {{Lang-ar|زينب عبد الأمير}} ) 'Yar [[Baharen|siyasan Bahrain]] ce kuma 'Yar jarida. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamban, shekara ta 2018, an rantsar da ita a matsayin mamba a Majalisar Wakilai ta gundumar ta bakwai ta Babban Birnin Babban Birnin.<ref>{{cite news |title=المردي مرشحا وحيدا لرئاسة "الصحفيين" |url=http://80.241.146.114/AAK/12457/article/23258.html |access-date=21 December 2020 |work=Arabian Business Community |date=May 1, 2012 |archive-date=28 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228175030/http://80.241.146.114/AAK/12457/article/23258.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=رئيس اللجنة العليا للإشراف على سلامة الانتخابات يعلن النتائج النهائية للانتخابات النيابية والبلدية لعام 2018م |url=https://www.bna.bh/.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDl3mvAUj9W6jXNYNzELKttg%3D |access-date=21 December 2020 |work=[[Bahrain News Agency]] |date=December 2, 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225031001/https://www.bna.bh/.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1+Dl3mvAUj9W6jXNYNzELKttg= |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ilimi == Ta riko da wani Jagora na Arts daga jami'ar Ahlia University, sanã'anta tare da kuma wani taƙaitaccen labari a kan kimantawa tura 'yanci bayan da National Action Yarjejeniya na Bahrain.<ref>{{cite news |title=وزير الأشغال يستقبل عدداً من منتسبي الوزارة بمناسبة حصولهم على درجة الماجستير |url=https://www.works.gov.bh/Arabic/News/mownews/Pages/2014/732014.aspx |access-date=21 December 2020 |work=[[Ministry of Works (Bahrain)|Ministry of Works]] |date=March 6, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=الجامعة الأهلية تهنئ خريجيها بمناسبة فوزهم في الانتخابات |url=https://www.ahlia.edu.bh/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A6-%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9/ |access-date=21 December 2020 |work=Ahlia University |date=December 6, 2018}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Abdul Amir yayi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwararren Masanin Yada Labarai a Sashin Hulda da Jama'a na Ma'aikatar Ayyuka . Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin dan jarida na jaridar, ''Al Ayam'' . <ref>{{cite news |title=موفد "البلاد": أخصائية الاعلام بوزارة الأشغال زينب عبدالأمير تطيح بالتربوية عفاف الموسوي |url=http://albiladpress.com/articles/537734.html |access-date=21 December 2020 |work=[[Al Bilad (Bahraini newspaper)|Al Bilad]] |date=December 2, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=الأشغال تكرم أربع موظفين فائزين في المسابقة الرمضانية |url=https://www.works.gov.bh/Arabic/News/mownews/Pages/2015/23072015.aspx |access-date=21 December 2020 |work=Ministry of Works |date=July 23, 2015}}</ref> == Majalisar Wakilai == Ta shiga siyasa ne a babban zaben shekara ta 2014 na Bahrain, inda ta yi takarar kujerar gundumar ta bakwai a cikin Babban Birnin Tarayya kuma ta samu kuri'u 1092 na kashi 16.97% a zagayen farko. Ta sha kashi a zagaye na biyu a hannun Osama Al-Khaja, inda ta samu kuri'u guda 1373 na kashi 39.60%. Ta sake tsayawa takara a wannan mazabar a babban zaben Bahrain na shekarar 2018, sannan kafofin watsa labarai na duniya suka biyo baya. Wakilan kamfanin Agence France-Presse, Deutsche Presse-Agentur, da Alhurra sun halarci bude hedkwatar zaben nata. A zagayen farko, a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, shekara ta 2018, ta lashe kuri’u 2,945, wanda ya isa kashi 49.20%, kawai tana bukatar zagaye na biyu ne a ranar 1 ga Disamba. Ta doke Afaf al-Mousawi inda ta lashe kuri'u 3,092 da kashi 65.29% a zagaye na biyu, wanda shi ne karo na farko a Bahrain da mata biyu suka fafata a wasan karshe. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] td59pefcpro32ponkt0c3clvambgbxl 0 20939 824084 795084 2026-04-22T08:55:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 824084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ooni of Ife with the Are.jpg|thumb|Al'ummar Oduduwa]] [[Fayil:Oduduwa University.jpg|thumb|jamia at oduduwa]] An kafa '''Jami'ar Oduduwa''' a cikin shekarar 2009, ita ce babbar makarantar gaba da sakandare mai zaman kanta dake Ile Ife, jihar Osun. Jami’ar ta amince da hukuma kuma ta amince da ita ta Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa a matsayin babbar cibiyar ilimi. Jami'ar jami'a tana cikin 104 a cikin ƙasa kuma tana da darajar duniya ta shekarar 10617. Jami'ar Oduduwa tana ba da kwasa-kwasan da shirye-shiryen da ke jagorantar sanannun digiri na ilimi a fannoni da yawa na karatu. '''Jami'ar Oduduwa''' tana cikin Ipetumodu, Ile Ife, [[Osun|Jihar Osun]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Oduduwa, wanda ya fito daga zuriyar [[Yarbawa]]. == Kwalejoji == Jami'ar ta ƙunshi kolejoji huɗu: * Kwalejin Gudanarwa da Kimiyyar Zamani (CMSS) * Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halitta da Aiyuka (CNAS) * Kwalejin Tsarin Muhalli da Gudanarwa (CEDM) * Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha (CET) == Kwalejin Gudanarwa da Kimiyyar Zamani (CMSS) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai ke gudana a yanzu. * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Sadarwa da Fasahar Sadarwa * Tattalin arziki * Banking & Finance * Accounting * Gudanar da Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * Harkokin Duniya == Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halitta da Aiyuka (CNAS) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai ke gudana a yanzu. * Lissafi / Lissafi * Lissafi / Kimiyyar Kwamfuta * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Kimiyyar lissafi (lantarki) * Chemistry * Biochemistry * Microbiology / Pre-magani * Masana'antar Masana'antu == Kwalejin Tsarin Muhalli da Gudanarwa (CEDM) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai * Gine-gine * Gudanar da Gidaje * Yawan binciken == Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha (CET) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai * Karatun Injiniya kwamfuta * Injin lantarki / Injin lantarki Ana samun haɗin haɗi tare da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta == Cibiyoyi == Wadannan cibiyoyin sune don tallafawa ayyukan ilimi da ayyukan bincike na Jami'ar: * Cibiyar Sadarwa da Fasahar Sadarwa (CICT) * Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Kwarewar Kasuwanci (CEV) * Cibiyar Nazarin Kwarewa (CPS) * Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu (CCS) * Cibiyar Gidauniyar da Karin Nazarin halin kirki (CFES) * Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa / Shirye-shiryen Musanya * Cibiyar Sadarwa da Horar da Shugabanci (CCL) Duk ɗaliban karatun digiri na farko na Jami'ar suna wucewa ta Cibiyar Ba da Bayani da Fasahar Sadarwa da Cibiyar Horar da reprenean Kasuwa da Kwarewa == Hanyoyin Haɗin Waje ==  http://oduduwauniversity.edu.ng/web/ == Manazarta == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120829085840/http://oduduwauniversity.edu.ng/index.php Yanar gizon Jami'ar Oduduwa] <ref>[https://www.4icu.org/ng/]</ref> [[Category:Kwalejin Fasaha a Najeriya]] [[Category:Makarantu]] [[Category:Jami'o'i a Nijeriya]] lfp787opfg1ljg6c6o631otigg6enhp 824085 824084 2026-04-22T08:55:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 824085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ooni of Ife with the Are.jpg|thumb|Al'ummar Oduduwa]] [[Fayil:Oduduwa University.jpg|thumb|jamia at oduduwa]] An kafa '''Jami'ar Oduduwa''' a cikin shekarar 2009, ita ce babbar makarantar gaba da sakandare mai zaman kanta dake Ile Ife, jihar Osun. Jami’ar ta amince da hukuma kuma ta amince da ita ta Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa a matsayin babbar cibiyar ilimi. Jami'ar jami'a tana cikin 104 a cikin ƙasa kuma tana da darajar duniya ta shekarar 10617. Jami'ar Oduduwa tana ba da kwasa-kwasan da shirye-shiryen da ke jagorantar sanannun digiri na ilimi a fannoni da yawa na karatu. '''Jami'ar Oduduwa''' tana cikin Ipetumodu, Ile Ife, [[Osun|Jihar Osun]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Oduduwa, wanda ya fito daga zuriyar [[Yarbawa]]. == Kwalejoji == Jami'ar ta ƙunshi kolejoji huɗu: * Kwalejin Gudanarwa da Kimiyyar Zamani (CMSS) * Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halitta da Aiyuka (CNAS) * Kwalejin Tsarin Muhalli da Gudanarwa (CEDM) * Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha (CET) == Kwalejin Gudanarwa da Kimiyyar Zamani (CMSS) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai ke gudana a yanzu. * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Sadarwa da Fasahar Sadarwa * Tattalin arziki * Banking & Finance * Accounting * Gudanar da Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * Harkokin Duniya == Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halitta da Aiyuka (CNAS) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai ke gudana a yanzu. * Lissafi / Lissafi * Lissafi / Kimiyyar Kwamfuta * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Kimiyyar lissafi (lantarki) * Chemistry * Biochemistry * Microbiology / Pre-magani * Masana'antar Masana'antu == Kwalejin Tsarin Muhalli da Gudanarwa (CEDM) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai * Gine-gine * Gudanar da Gidaje * Yawan binciken == Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha (CET) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai * Karatun Injiniya kwamfuta * Injin lantarki / Injin lantarki Ana samun haɗin haɗi tare da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta == Cibiyoyi == Wadannan cibiyoyin sune don tallafawa ayyukan ilimi da ayyukan bincike na Jami'ar: * Cibiyar Sadarwa da Fasahar Sadarwa (CICT) * Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Kwarewar Kasuwanci (CEV) * Cibiyar Nazarin Kwarewa (CPS) * Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu (CCS) * Cibiyar Gidauniyar da Karin Nazarin halin kirki (CFES) * Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa / Shirye-shiryen Musanya * Cibiyar Sadarwa da Horar da Shugabanci (CCL) Duk ɗaliban karatun digiri na farko na Jami'ar suna wucewa ta Cibiyar Ba da Bayani da Fasahar Sadarwa da Cibiyar Horar da reprenean Kasuwa da Kwarewa == Hanyoyin Haɗin Waje ==  http://oduduwauniversity.edu.ng/web/ == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120829085840/http://oduduwauniversity.edu.ng/index.php Yanar gizon Jami'ar Oduduwa] <ref>[https://www.4icu.org/ng/]</ref> [[Category:Kwalejin Fasaha a Najeriya]] [[Category:Makarantu]] [[Category:Jami'o'i a Nijeriya]] 4khkfou0cy6t5j45xc84lfxwpct6n3s 824086 824085 2026-04-22T08:56:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 /* Manazarta */ 824086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ooni of Ife with the Are.jpg|thumb|Al'ummar Oduduwa]] [[Fayil:Oduduwa University.jpg|thumb|jamia at oduduwa]] An kafa '''Jami'ar Oduduwa''' a cikin shekarar 2009, ita ce babbar makarantar gaba da sakandare mai zaman kanta dake Ile Ife, jihar Osun. Jami’ar ta amince da hukuma kuma ta amince da ita ta Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa a matsayin babbar cibiyar ilimi. Jami'ar jami'a tana cikin 104 a cikin ƙasa kuma tana da darajar duniya ta shekarar 10617. Jami'ar Oduduwa tana ba da kwasa-kwasan da shirye-shiryen da ke jagorantar sanannun digiri na ilimi a fannoni da yawa na karatu. '''Jami'ar Oduduwa''' tana cikin Ipetumodu, Ile Ife, [[Osun|Jihar Osun]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Oduduwa, wanda ya fito daga zuriyar [[Yarbawa]]. == Kwalejoji == Jami'ar ta ƙunshi kolejoji huɗu: * Kwalejin Gudanarwa da Kimiyyar Zamani (CMSS) * Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halitta da Aiyuka (CNAS) * Kwalejin Tsarin Muhalli da Gudanarwa (CEDM) * Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha (CET) == Kwalejin Gudanarwa da Kimiyyar Zamani (CMSS) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai ke gudana a yanzu. * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Sadarwa da Fasahar Sadarwa * Tattalin arziki * Banking & Finance * Accounting * Gudanar da Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * Harkokin Duniya == Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halitta da Aiyuka (CNAS) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai ke gudana a yanzu. * Lissafi / Lissafi * Lissafi / Kimiyyar Kwamfuta * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Kimiyyar lissafi (lantarki) * Chemistry * Biochemistry * Microbiology / Pre-magani * Masana'antar Masana'antu == Kwalejin Tsarin Muhalli da Gudanarwa (CEDM) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai * Gine-gine * Gudanar da Gidaje * Yawan binciken == Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha (CET) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai * Karatun Injiniya kwamfuta * Injin lantarki / Injin lantarki Ana samun haɗin haɗi tare da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta == Cibiyoyi == Wadannan cibiyoyin sune don tallafawa ayyukan ilimi da ayyukan bincike na Jami'ar: * Cibiyar Sadarwa da Fasahar Sadarwa (CICT) * Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Kwarewar Kasuwanci (CEV) * Cibiyar Nazarin Kwarewa (CPS) * Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu (CCS) * Cibiyar Gidauniyar da Karin Nazarin halin kirki (CFES) * Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa / Shirye-shiryen Musanya * Cibiyar Sadarwa da Horar da Shugabanci (CCL) Duk ɗaliban karatun digiri na farko na Jami'ar suna wucewa ta Cibiyar Ba da Bayani da Fasahar Sadarwa da Cibiyar Horar da reprenean Kasuwa da Kwarewa == Hanyoyin Haɗin Waje ==  http://oduduwauniversity.edu.ng/web/ == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kwalejin Fasaha a Najeriya]] [[Category:Makarantu]] [[Category:Jami'o'i a Nijeriya]] h2glc7aw5dqozbgu7r0sh0ud2bi8u9n 824087 824086 2026-04-22T08:57:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 824087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ooni of Ife with the Are.jpg|thumb|Al'ummar Oduduwa]] [[Fayil:Oduduwa University.jpg|thumb|jamia at oduduwa]] An kafa '''Jami'ar Oduduwa''' a cikin shekarar 2009, ita ce babbar makarantar gaba da sakandare mai zaman kanta dake Ile Ife, jihar Osun. Jami’ar ta amince da hukuma kuma ta amince da ita ta Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa a matsayin babbar cibiyar ilimi. Jami'ar jami'a tana cikin 104 a cikin ƙasa kuma tana da darajar duniya ta shekarar 10617. Jami'ar Oduduwa tana ba da kwasa-kwasan da shirye-shiryen da ke jagorantar sanannun digiri na ilimi a fannoni da yawa na karatu. '''Jami'ar Oduduwa''' tana cikin Ipetumodu, Ile Ife, [[Osun|Jihar Osun]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Oduduwa, wanda ya fito daga zuriyar [[Yarbawa]]. <ref>[https://www.4icu.org/ng/]</ref> == Kwalejoji == Jami'ar ta ƙunshi kolejoji huɗu: * Kwalejin Gudanarwa da Kimiyyar Zamani (CMSS) * Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halitta da Aiyuka (CNAS) * Kwalejin Tsarin Muhalli da Gudanarwa (CEDM) * Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha (CET) == Kwalejin Gudanarwa da Kimiyyar Zamani (CMSS) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai ke gudana a yanzu. * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Sadarwa da Fasahar Sadarwa * Tattalin arziki * Banking & Finance * Accounting * Gudanar da Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * Harkokin Duniya == Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halitta da Aiyuka (CNAS) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai ke gudana a yanzu. * Lissafi / Lissafi * Lissafi / Kimiyyar Kwamfuta * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Kimiyyar lissafi (lantarki) * Chemistry * Biochemistry * Microbiology / Pre-magani * Masana'antar Masana'antu == Kwalejin Tsarin Muhalli da Gudanarwa (CEDM) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai * Gine-gine * Gudanar da Gidaje * Yawan binciken == Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha (CET) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai * Karatun Injiniya kwamfuta * Injin lantarki / Injin lantarki Ana samun haɗin haɗi tare da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta == Cibiyoyi == Wadannan cibiyoyin sune don tallafawa ayyukan ilimi da ayyukan bincike na Jami'ar: * Cibiyar Sadarwa da Fasahar Sadarwa (CICT) * Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Kwarewar Kasuwanci (CEV) * Cibiyar Nazarin Kwarewa (CPS) * Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu (CCS) * Cibiyar Gidauniyar da Karin Nazarin halin kirki (CFES) * Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa / Shirye-shiryen Musanya * Cibiyar Sadarwa da Horar da Shugabanci (CCL) Duk ɗaliban karatun digiri na farko na Jami'ar suna wucewa ta Cibiyar Ba da Bayani da Fasahar Sadarwa da Cibiyar Horar da reprenean Kasuwa da Kwarewa == Hanyoyin Haɗin Waje ==  http://oduduwauniversity.edu.ng/web/ == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kwalejin Fasaha a Najeriya]] [[Category:Makarantu]] [[Category:Jami'o'i a Nijeriya]] du420b27qrjsvkh0gwakpya5a11dzpy 824088 824087 2026-04-22T08:58:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 /* Hanyoyin Haɗin Waje */ 824088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ooni of Ife with the Are.jpg|thumb|Al'ummar Oduduwa]] [[Fayil:Oduduwa University.jpg|thumb|jamia at oduduwa]] An kafa '''Jami'ar Oduduwa''' a cikin shekarar 2009, ita ce babbar makarantar gaba da sakandare mai zaman kanta dake Ile Ife, jihar Osun. Jami’ar ta amince da hukuma kuma ta amince da ita ta Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa a matsayin babbar cibiyar ilimi. Jami'ar jami'a tana cikin 104 a cikin ƙasa kuma tana da darajar duniya ta shekarar 10617. Jami'ar Oduduwa tana ba da kwasa-kwasan da shirye-shiryen da ke jagorantar sanannun digiri na ilimi a fannoni da yawa na karatu. '''Jami'ar Oduduwa''' tana cikin Ipetumodu, Ile Ife, [[Osun|Jihar Osun]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Oduduwa, wanda ya fito daga zuriyar [[Yarbawa]]. <ref>[https://www.4icu.org/ng/]</ref> == Kwalejoji == Jami'ar ta ƙunshi kolejoji huɗu: * Kwalejin Gudanarwa da Kimiyyar Zamani (CMSS) * Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halitta da Aiyuka (CNAS) * Kwalejin Tsarin Muhalli da Gudanarwa (CEDM) * Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha (CET) == Kwalejin Gudanarwa da Kimiyyar Zamani (CMSS) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai ke gudana a yanzu. * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Sadarwa da Fasahar Sadarwa * Tattalin arziki * Banking & Finance * Accounting * Gudanar da Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * Harkokin Duniya == Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halitta da Aiyuka (CNAS) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai ke gudana a yanzu. * Lissafi / Lissafi * Lissafi / Kimiyyar Kwamfuta * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Kimiyyar lissafi (lantarki) * Chemistry * Biochemistry * Microbiology / Pre-magani * Masana'antar Masana'antu == Kwalejin Tsarin Muhalli da Gudanarwa (CEDM) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai * Gine-gine * Gudanar da Gidaje * Yawan binciken == Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha (CET) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai * Karatun Injiniya kwamfuta * Injin lantarki / Injin lantarki Ana samun haɗin haɗi tare da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta == Cibiyoyi == Wadannan cibiyoyin sune don tallafawa ayyukan ilimi da ayyukan bincike na Jami'ar: * Cibiyar Sadarwa da Fasahar Sadarwa (CICT) * Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Kwarewar Kasuwanci (CEV) * Cibiyar Nazarin Kwarewa (CPS) * Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu (CCS) * Cibiyar Gidauniyar da Karin Nazarin halin kirki (CFES) * Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa / Shirye-shiryen Musanya * Cibiyar Sadarwa da Horar da Shugabanci (CCL) Duk ɗaliban karatun digiri na farko na Jami'ar suna wucewa ta Cibiyar Ba da Bayani da Fasahar Sadarwa da Cibiyar Horar da reprenean Kasuwa da Kwarewa == Hanyoyin Haɗin Waje ==  http://oduduwauniversity.edu.ng/web/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20120829085840/http://oduduwauniversity.edu.ng/index.php Yanar gizon Jami'ar Oduduwa] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kwalejin Fasaha a Najeriya]] [[Category:Makarantu]] [[Category:Jami'o'i a Nijeriya]] bvybsv88q152bfbzeer417mqjv4uo0u 824089 824088 2026-04-22T08:58:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 /* Hanyoyin Haɗin Waje */ 824089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ooni of Ife with the Are.jpg|thumb|Al'ummar Oduduwa]] [[Fayil:Oduduwa University.jpg|thumb|jamia at oduduwa]] An kafa '''Jami'ar Oduduwa''' a cikin shekarar 2009, ita ce babbar makarantar gaba da sakandare mai zaman kanta dake Ile Ife, jihar Osun. Jami’ar ta amince da hukuma kuma ta amince da ita ta Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa a matsayin babbar cibiyar ilimi. Jami'ar jami'a tana cikin 104 a cikin ƙasa kuma tana da darajar duniya ta shekarar 10617. Jami'ar Oduduwa tana ba da kwasa-kwasan da shirye-shiryen da ke jagorantar sanannun digiri na ilimi a fannoni da yawa na karatu. '''Jami'ar Oduduwa''' tana cikin Ipetumodu, Ile Ife, [[Osun|Jihar Osun]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Oduduwa, wanda ya fito daga zuriyar [[Yarbawa]].<ref>[https://www.4icu.org/ng/]</ref> == Kwalejoji == Jami'ar ta ƙunshi kolejoji huɗu: * Kwalejin Gudanarwa da Kimiyyar Zamani (CMSS) * Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halitta da Aiyuka (CNAS) * Kwalejin Tsarin Muhalli da Gudanarwa (CEDM) * Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha (CET) == Kwalejin Gudanarwa da Kimiyyar Zamani (CMSS) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai ke gudana a yanzu. * Gudanar da Kasuwanci * Sadarwa da Fasahar Sadarwa * Tattalin arziki * Banking & Finance * Accounting * Gudanar da Jama'a * Kimiyyar Siyasa * Harkokin Duniya == Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halitta da Aiyuka (CNAS) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai ke gudana a yanzu. * Lissafi / Lissafi * Lissafi / Kimiyyar Kwamfuta * Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta * Kimiyyar lissafi (lantarki) * Chemistry * Biochemistry * Microbiology / Pre-magani * Masana'antar Masana'antu == Kwalejin Tsarin Muhalli da Gudanarwa (CEDM) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai * Gine-gine * Gudanar da Gidaje * Yawan binciken == Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha (CET) == Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri ne kawai * Karatun Injiniya kwamfuta * Injin lantarki / Injin lantarki Ana samun haɗin haɗi tare da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta == Cibiyoyi == Wadannan cibiyoyin sune don tallafawa ayyukan ilimi da ayyukan bincike na Jami'ar: * Cibiyar Sadarwa da Fasahar Sadarwa (CICT) * Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Kwarewar Kasuwanci (CEV) * Cibiyar Nazarin Kwarewa (CPS) * Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu (CCS) * Cibiyar Gidauniyar da Karin Nazarin halin kirki (CFES) * Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa / Shirye-shiryen Musanya * Cibiyar Sadarwa da Horar da Shugabanci (CCL) Duk ɗaliban karatun digiri na farko na Jami'ar suna wucewa ta Cibiyar Ba da Bayani da Fasahar Sadarwa da Cibiyar Horar da reprenean Kasuwa da Kwarewa == Hanyoyin Haɗin Waje ==  http://oduduwauniversity.edu.ng/web/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20120829085840/http://oduduwauniversity.edu.ng/index.php Yanar gizon Jami'ar Oduduwa] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kwalejin Fasaha a Najeriya]] [[Category:Makarantu]] [[Category:Jami'o'i a Nijeriya]] 1rhw67z9qk07tyuohqacqge1rn44s27 0 21204 823901 727722 2026-04-22T01:44:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823901 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yarukan Chadi''' == Abinda ke ciki == Newman shekarar (1977) ya rarraba harsunan zuwa rukunoni huɗu waɗanda aka yarda da su a cikin dukkan wallafe-wallafe masu zuwa. Subarin ƙaddamar da yanki, duk da haka, bai kasance mai ƙarfi ba; Blench (2006), misali, kawai yana karɓar rabe-raben A / B na Gabashin Chadi. <ref>Blench, 2006. [http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203055600/http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf |date=2024-12-03 }} (ms)</ref> An kara Kujargé daga Blench (2008), wanda ke ba da shawarar Kujargé na iya rabuwa kafin ɓarnatar da Proto-Chadic sannan daga baya ya sami tasiri daga Gabashin Chadi. <ref>Blench, Roger. 2008. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/Blench%20paper%20Cushitic%20symposium%20Paris%202008.pdf Links between Cushitic, Omotic, Chadic and the position of Kujarge] {{Webarchive|url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/Blench%20paper%20Cushitic%20symposium%20Paris%202008.pdf |date=2022-10-09 }}. 5th International Conference of Cushitic and Omotic languages.</ref> Aiki na gaba da Lovestrand yayi jayayya da ƙarfi cewa Kujarge memba ne na Gabashin Chadi. Sanya Luri a matsayin farkon raba yankin Yammacin Chadi kuskure ne. Caron (2004) ya nuna cewa wannan yaren shi ne a Kudancin Bauchi kuma da wani ɓangare ne na tarin Polci. * '''Yammacin Chadi''' Rassa biyu, waɗanda suka hada da : (A) [[Harshen Hausa|harsunan Hausa]], Ron, Bole, da Angas ; kuma : (B) harsunan Bade, [[Warjanci|Warji]], da Zaar. * '''[[Yaren Biu–Mandara|Biu – Mandara]]''' (Chadi ta Tsakiya) sassa uku, waɗanda suka haɗa da : (A) [[Babur|yaren Bura]], Kamwe, da Bata, a tsakanin sauran rukunoni; : (B) yaren Buduma da Musgu; kuma : (C) Gidar * '''Gabashin Chadi''' sassa biyu, waɗanda suka haɗa da : (A) harsunan Tumak, Nancere, da Kera ; kuma : (B) harsunan Dangaléat, Mukulu, da Sokoro * '''Masa''' * ? '''''Kujargé''''' [[File:Chadic_Languages.jpg|thumb|upright=3|center|Shafi na reshen Chadi na harsunan Afroasiatic.]] == Asali == [[File:Afro_asiatic_peoples_nigeria.png|right|thumb| Manyan masu magana da yaren Cadi a Najeriya.]] [[File:Hausa_language_map.png|right|thumb| Yankunan da ke magana da harshen Hausa a Najeriya da Nijar.]] Nazarin kwayar halittar zamani na yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Kamaru masu magana da harshen Chadi sun lura da yawan mitar Y-Chromosome Haplogroup R1b a cikin waɗannan yawan jama'ar (nau'ikan R1b-V88 <ref>https://yfull.com/tree/R-Y7771/</ref> ). Wannan alamar ta uba ta zama gama gari a sassan Yammacin Eurasia, amma in ba haka ba ba safai a Afirka ba. Cruciani et al. (2010) don haka aka gabatar da cewa masu magana da yaren Proto-Chadic a lokacin tsakiyar Holocene (~ shekaru 7,000 da suka gabata) sun yi ƙaura daga Levant zuwa [[Sahara|Sahara ta]] Tsakiya, kuma daga can suka zauna a [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] . Koyaya, wani bincike na baya-bayan nan a cikin 2018 ya gano cewa haplogroup R1b-V88 ya shiga Chadi sosai kwanan nan yayin "Baggarization" (hijirar Larabawan Baggara zuwa Sahel a cikin ƙarni na 17 AD), ba tare da samun wata hujja ta tsoffin ƙwayar Eurasia ba. == Kalmomin aro == Harsunan Chadi suna ƙunshe da kalmomin aro na Nilo-Sahara da yawa daga ɗayan rassan Songhay ko Maban, suna nuna alaƙar farko tsakanin masu yaren Cadi da Nilo-Saharan yayin da Chadic ke yin ƙaura zuwa yamma. Kodayake ana magana da harsunan Adamawa kusa da harsunan Chadic, hulɗa tsakanin Chadi da Adamawa tana da iyaka. <ref>Blench, Roger. 2012. ''Linguistic evidence for the chronological stratification of populations South of Lake Chad''. Presentation for Mega-Tchad Colloquium in Naples, September 13–15, 2012.</ref> == Karin magana == Karin magana a cikin Proto-Chadic, idan aka kwatanta da karin magana a cikin harsunan Proto-Afroasiatic (Vossen & Dimmendaal 2020: 351): <ref name="Vossen">Vossen, Rainer and Gerrit J. Dimmendaal (eds.). 2020. ''The Oxford Handbook of African Languages''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Karin magana ! Yarjejeniyar-Chadi ! Proto-Afroasiatic |- | 1 | *ní | *i ~ *yi |- | 2M | *ka | *ku, *ka |- | 2F | *ki (m) | *kim |- | 3M | *nì | *si, *isi |- | 3F | *ta | |- | 1PL | *mun (hada), *na (sama.) | (*-na ~ *-nu ~ *-ni) ? |- | 2PL | *kun | *kuuna |- | 3PL | *rana | *su ~ *usu |} == Kwatanta ƙamus == Samfurin kalmomin asali a cikin rassa daban daban na Chadi da aka jera daga yamma zuwa gabas, tare da sake gina wasu rassa na Afroasiatic kuma an basu don kwatancen: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%" |- ![[Turanci]] !eye !ear !nose !tooth !tongue !mouth !blood !bone !tree !water !eat !name |- ![[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] ![[ido]] ![[kunne]] ![[hanci]] ![[haƙori]] ![[harshe]] ![[baki]] ![[jini]] ![[ƙashi]] ![[itace]]; [[bishiya]] ![[ruwa]] ![[ci]] ![[suna]] |- |Proto-Chadic |*ydn |*km/*ɬm |*ntn |*s₃n; *ƙ-d |*ls₃- |*bk |*br |*ƙs₃ | |*ymn |*hrɗ (''hard''); *twy (''soft'') |*s₃m |- |Proto-Ron | |*kumu |**atin |*haŋgor |*liʃ |*fo |ɟɑ̄lɑ̄, tɾɔ̃̄ |*kaʃ | | | |*sum |- |[[Polci]] |yiir |kəəm |cin |shen |haƙori |bii |buran; bəran |gooloo |pət |maa |ci |suŋ |- |Proto-[[Yaren Biu–Mandara|Central Chadic]] |*hadaj; *tsɨʸ |*ɬɨmɨɗʸ |*hʷɨtsɨnʸ |*ɬɨɗɨnʸ |*ɗɨrɨnɨhʸ; *ɣanaɗʸ; *naɬɨj | |*maj |*ɗiɬ; *kɨrakaɬʸ |*hʷɨp |*ɗɨjɨm |*zɨm |*ɬɨmɨɗʸ |- |Proto-Masa |*ir |*hum |*cin |*s- |*si |*vun |*vuzur |*sok |*gu |*mb- |*ti |*sem |- |Kujarge<ref>Doornbos, Paul. 1981. Field notes on Kujarge, language metadata, 200-word list plus numerals and pronouns.</ref> |kunɟu |kumayo ~ kime |kaata |kiya |aliŋati |apa |ɪbɪrí |(kaɟeɟa), kàyɛ́ya |kaʃíè |ʃia |(tona), tuye [imp. sg.]; tuwona [imp. pl.] |rúwà |- | colspan="13" |'''Other Afroasiatic branches''' |- |Proto-Cushitic<ref>Ehret, Christopher. 1987. Proto-Cushitic reconstruction. In Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika 8: 7-180. University of Cologne.</ref> |*ʔil- | |*ʔisŋʷ- |*ʔiɬkʷ- |*caanrab- |*ʔaf-/*yaf- | |*mikʷ’-; *moc’- | | |*-aħm-/*-uħm-; *ɬaam- |*sim-/*sum- |- |Proto-Maji<ref>Aklilu, Yilma. 2003. Comparative phonology of the Maji languages. ''Journal of Ethiopian studies'' 36: 59-88.</ref> |*ʔaːb |*háːy | |*aːç’u | |*eːdu | |*uːs |*inču |*haːy |*um | |- |Tarifiyt Berber<ref>Kossmann, Maarten. 2009. [https://wold.clld.org/vocabulary/6 Tarifiyt Berber vocabulary]. In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) ''World Loanword Database''. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.</ref> |ŧit’t’ |aməžžun, aməz’z’uɣ |ŧinzā |ŧiɣməsŧ |iřəs |aqəmmum |iđammən |iɣəss | |aman |šš |isəm |- |Coptic |ia |ma'aje |ša |šol, najhe |las |ro |snof |kas |šēn |mou |wōm |ran |- |Proto-Semitic |*ʕayn- |*ʔuḏn- |*ʔanp- |*šinn- |*lišān- | |*dam- |*ʕaṯ̣m- |*ʕiṣ̂- |*mā̆y- |*ʔ-k-l |(*šim-) |- |Proto-Afroasiatic |*ʔǐl- |*-ʔânxʷ- | |*sǐn-/*sǎn- 'tip, point' |*-lis’- 'to lick' |*âf- |*dîm-/*dâm- |*k’os- |*ɣǎ |*âm-; *akʷ’- |*-mǎaʕ-; *-iit-; *-kʷ’-̌ |*sǔm-/*sǐm- |} ===Kalmomin Proto-Chadic=== Kalmomin Proto-Chadic:<ref>Jungraithmayr, Herrmann; Ibriszimow, Dymitr. 1994. Chadic Lexical Roots. ''Tentative reconstruction, grading, distribution and comments''. (Sprache und Oralität in Afrika; 20), volume I, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Turanci !! Proto-Chadic !! Hausa !! Hausa (furucci) |- | sleep || *(w)sn/*swn || yi barci || yí bárcíi |- | come, go || *b₂-; *l- || || |- | night || *bɗ || dare || dárée |- | seed || *bdr/*bzr || iri || írìi |- | five || *bɗʸɬ || biyar || bìyár̃ |- | mouth || *bk || baki || bàakíi |- | hole || *bk || rami || ráamìi |- | house || *b-n || gida || gídáa |- | give || *br || ba || báa |- | blood || *br || jini || jíníi |- | ashes || *bt- || toka || |- | fall || *d₂-; *g₂ɮ || faɗi || fáaɗì |- | hear || *d₂gw || ji || jí |- | sit || *dmn || zauna || záunàa |- | beat, pound, kill || *dwk || || |- | neck || *gɗʸr || wuya || wúyàa |- | do, make || *gə́n-; *ly; *ɗm || || |- | laugh || *gms₂ || dariya || dàaríyáa |- | ten || *gʷm/*gʷ-m || goma || góomà |- | sand || *gʷsk || yashi; ƙasa || yàashíi; ƙásáa |- | eat hard things || *hrɗ || || |- | burn || *kɗ || ƙone || |- | skin || *k-d; *zm || feɗe || féeɗèe |- | fly (insect) || *ƙdb || || |- | crocodile || *kdm || kara || |- | one || *kɗn || ɗaya || ɗáyá |- | head || *kɗn || kai || kâi |- | dog || *kɗn || kare || kàrée |- | finger || *kl- || yatsa || yátsàa |- | earth || *ƙɬɗ || kasa || |- | fish || *klp || kifi || kíifíi |- | ear || *km/*ɬm || kunne || kûnnée |- | hand || *ƙmn || hannu || hánnúu |- | three || *knɗ || uku || úkù |- | bark || *krp; *ɓ-r || ɓawo || ɓáawóo |- | bone || *ƙs₃ || ƙashi || ƙàshíi |- | rat || *ksm || || |- | tail || *kṣr || wutsiya || wútsíyàa |- | fire || *-kw || wuta || wútáa |- | cow, buffalo || *ɬ- || || |- | root, vein, medicine || *ɬ₂rw || || |- | lick || *lkɗ || lasa || làasáa |- | tongue || *ls₃- || harshe || hárshèe |- | meat || *ɬw || nama || náamàa |- | new || *mrb || sabo || sáabóo |- | man, husband, person || *mtm || mutum || |- | die || *mwt || mutu || mútù |- | hunger || *my || || |- | see || *ngn || gani || gáníi |- | nose || *ntn || hanci || háncìi |- | ripen || *nwk || || |- | cat || *patu || mage; ƙyanwa || màagée; ƙyânwáa |- | four || *-pɗ || huɗu || húɗú |- | flower || *pl || fure || fùrée |- | sun || *p-t || rana || ráanáa |- | cut || *pt; *ɬ₂wl || yanke || yánkèe |- | drink || *s₂w- || sha; abin sha || sháa; àbín shâa |- | name || *s₃m || suna || súunáa |- | tooth || *s₃n; *ƙ-d || hakori || hákóoríi |- | know || *s-n || sani || sánìi |- | two || *sr || biyu || bíyú |- | sheep || *tmk || tunkiya || túnkìyáa |- | spit || *tp || tofa || tóofàa |- | moon || *t-r || wata || wátàa |- | eat soft things || *twy || || |- | goat || *wk-/*kw- || akwiya || àkwíyàa |- | stand (up) || *wɬk || || |- | open || *wn || buɗe || búuɗèe |- | full, fill || *wn || cikakke || |- | hair || *yàɗ || gashi || gáashìi |- | bird || *yɗ || tsuntsu || tsúntsúu |- | eye || *ydn || ido || ídòo |- | saliva || *ylk || || |- | water || *ymn || ruwa || rúwáa |- | give birth || *yw/*wy || || |- | body || *zk || jiki || jìkíi |} ===Kalmomin Proto-Ron=== Kalmomin Proto-Ron:<ref>Blench, Roger. no date. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/Chadic/West/Ron/Ron%20comparative%20wordlist.pdf Ron comparative wordlist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421035757/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/Chadic/West/Ron/Ron%20comparative%20wordlist.pdf |date=2015-04-21 }}.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Turanci !! Proto-Ron !! Hausa !! Hausa (furucci) |- | nose || **atin || hanci || háncìi |- | crocodile || **haram || kada || |- | navel || **mutuk || cibiya || cíibíyàa |- | friend || **mwin || aboki; amini || àbóokíi; àmíinìi |- | land || **nɗoro || ƙasa; sauka || ƙásáa; sàuká |- | molar || *ɓukum || || |- | open (door) || *ɓwali || || |- | chest || *cin || ƙirji || ƙìrjíi |- | mouth || *fo || baki || bàakíi |- | breast (female) || *fofo || nono || |- | thigh || *for || cinya || cínyàa |- | blow (mouth) || *fuɗ || || |- | fall || *fur || faɗi || fáaɗì |- | throat || *goroŋ || maƙwagwaro || màƙwágwàróo |- | tooth || *haŋgor || hakori || hákóoríi |- | head || *hay || kai || kâi |- | bone || *kaʃ || ƙashi || ƙàshíi |- | put || *kin || sa || sâa (2) |- | elbow || *kukwat || gwiwar hannu || gwíiwàr̃ hánnúu |- | ear || *kumu || kunne || kûnnée |- | call (summon) || *lahyal || || |- | tongue || *liʃ || harshe || hárshèe |- | flesh || *lo || nama || náamàa |- | saliva, spittle || *lyal || || |- | person || *naaf || mutum || mùtûm |- | chin || *njumut || haɓa || háɓàa |- | urine || *sar || || |- | name || *sum || suna || súunáa |- | meet || *tof || sadu || sàadú |- | I || *yin || ni || níi |} ===Kalmomin Proto-North Bauchi=== Kalmomin Proto-North Bauchi:<ref>Takács, Gábor 2004. ''Comparative dictionary of the Angas-Sura languages''. Sprache und Oralität in Afrika (SOA) 23. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Turanci !! Proto-North Bauchi !! Hausa !! Hausa (furucci) |- | grass || *(a)was || ciyawa || cìyáawàa |- | give || *ča/iy- || ba || báa |- | ask || *c̣aɣ- || || |- | egg || *caḥʷi || ƙwai || ƙwái |- | stink || *čam- || || |- | pull || *c̣am- || ja || jáa (1) |- | sour || *c̣am- || mai tsami || mài tsáamíi |- | bitter || *č̣am- || mai ɗaci || mài ɗáacíi |- | night || *č̣amaz- || dare || dárée |- | goat || *č̣ang- || akwiya || àkwíyàa |- | herd || *caQʷ- || || |- | rip || *č̣ar- || || |- | middle || *cawɣ- || tsakiya || tsákíyàa |- | sit || *c̣əg- || zauna || záunàa |- | change || *c̣ək- || sake; canja || sáakèe; cánjàa |- | cut || *cəḳər- || yanke || yánkèe |- | swell || *c̣əm-; *puč- || || |- | sweat || *cən-; *zukum- || || |- | nail || *č̣ərf- || ƙusa || ƙúusàa |- | wring || *č̣ey- || || |- | two || *či/ar- || biyu || bíyú |- | dig || *ciḳ- || haƙa; tona || háƙàa; tóonàa |- | sew || *ĉ̣im- || ɗinka || ɗínkàa |- | send || *čin-; *ǯikʷ- || aika || àikáa |- | worm || *ĉ̣iy- || tsutsa || tsúutsàa |- | fish (v.) || *ču || || |- | dry || *c̣uf- || a bushe || à bùushé |- | foot || *cum- || ƙafa || ƙáfàa |- | swear || *cum- || rantse || rántsèe |- | stand || *c̣urw- || tashi || táashì |- | morning || *cuwy- || safe || sáafée |- | heart || *č̣Vnk- || zuciya || zúucìyáa |- | urine || *cVpr- || || |- | bird || *č̣VT- || tsuntsu || tsúntsúu |- | head || *ɣ/ḥam- || kai || kâi |- | hair || *gəz- || gashi || gáashìi |- | roast || *gəẑ- || || |- | fish || *ɣʷad- || kifi || kíifíi |- | see || *ḥan- || gani || gáníi |- | fill || *ḥʷan- || || |- | mount || *ḥʷum- || || |- | build || *ḥʷun- || gina || gínàa |- | bone || *ḳas- || ƙashi || ƙàshíi |- | war || *ḳas- || || |- | count || *ḳin- || ƙirga || ƙírgàa |- | bite || *ḳiy- || ciza || cìizáa |- | nine || *kuč̣- || tara || tár̃à |- | forge || *ḳuf- || ƙera || ƙéeràa |- | deep || *ḳulḳul- || mai zurfi || mài zúrfíi |- | buy || *ḳʷan- || saya || sàyáa |- | angry || *ḳʷar- || || |- | hunt || *le[ḥ]- || farauta || fàráutàa |- | sell || *məč̣- || sayar da || sáyár̃ dà |- | chest || *mVc̣- || ƙirji || ƙìrjíi |- | descend || *pəc̣- || || |- | fat || *rəvəz-; *ĉ̣əb- || || |- | earth || *riĉ̣- || || |- | flower || *riẑ- || fure || fùrée |- | tooth || *ṭiḥn- || hakori || hákóoríi |- | kill || *tuḥ- || kashe || káshèe |- | five || *vaĉ̣- || biyar || bìyár̃ |- | pour || *vʷaḥ- || zub da || zúb dà |- | throw || *vʷaḥ- || jefa || jéefàa |- | close || *zaḅʷ- || || |- | stab || *zaḳʷ- || soka || sòokáa |- | beans || *zam- || || |- | open || *ẑar- || buɗe || búuɗèe |- | call || *zar-; *ḳiy- || || |- | tremble || *ẑaẑar- || || |- | bow || *zaʔ- || baka || bàkáa |- | stone || *zəḳəy || || |- | to skin || *zəl- || || |- | body || *zər- || jiki || jìkíi |- | fowl || *ẑirkiy- || kaza || kàazáa |- | ground corn || *zu || || |- | awaken || *zuḳʷ- || || |- | run || *ẑVẑV || gudu || gúdù |- | rope || *zʸaw- || igiya || ígíyàa |- | turn || *ǯiKal || mayar da || máyár̃ dà |- | allow || *ǯu || || |- | pound || *ǯu/iw- || doka; kutufo || dòokáa; kùtùfóo |- | life || *ǯukʷ- || rayuwa || ràayúwáa |} ===Kalmomin Proto-Masa=== Kalmomin Proto-Masa:<ref>Shryock, Aaron. 1997. The classification of the Masa group of languages. ''Studies in African Linguistics'' 26(1): 29‒62.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Turanci !! Proto-Masa !! Hausa !! Hausa (furucci) |- | father || *b- || uba || ùbáa |- | bat || *babay || jemage || jéemáagèe |- | vulture || *bak || ungulu || ùngùlúu |- | mushroom || *bik || naman kaza || náamàn kàazáa |- | tail || *c-- || wutsiya || wútsíyàa |- | nose || *cin || hanci || háncìi |- | star || *ciw || tauraro || tàuràaróo |- | dog || *d- || kare || kàrée |- | flute || *d-f || sarewa; sarewa || sàareewàa; sàréewàa |- | penis || *ɗiw || bura; azzakari || bùuráa; àzzákàr̃íi |- | chin || *d-m || haɓa || háɓàa |- | mud || *dorɓo || taɓo || tàɓóo |- | liver || *duk || hanta || hántàa |- | sun || *fat || rana || ráanáa |- | four || *fiɗi || huɗu || húɗú |- | blow || *fo || busa; hura || búusàa; húuràa |- | navel || *fuk || cibiya || cíibíyàa |- | flour || *fut || gari || gàaríi |- | small || *g- || ƙarami || ƙàrámíi |- | knee || *gif || gwiwa || gwíwàa |- | heart || *g-l-s || zuciya || zúucìyáa |- | ten || *gup || goma || góomà |- | left || *guɾ || hagu || hágú |- | cold || *hep || mura; mai sanyi; mai ɗari || múr̃àa; mài sányíi; mài ɗáaríi |- | three || *hindi || uku || úkù |- | goat || *hu || akwiya || àkwíyàa |- | ear || *hum || kunne || kûnnée |- | eye || *ir || ido || ídòo |- | seed || *ir || iri || írìi |- | six || *kargi || shida || shídà |- | year || *kim || sheƙara, shekara || shèeƙáràa, shèekáràa |- | yesterday || *k-mb- || jiya || jíyà |- | fish || *k-ɾf- || kifi || kíifíi |- | fire || *ku || wuta || wútáa |- | mat || *ɮat || tabarma || tàabármáa |- | red || *ɬew || ja || jáa (2) |- | feather || *ɮ-m || gashi || gáashìi |- | water || *mb- || ruwa || rúwáa |- | dew || *mb-ɗ- || raɓa || ráaɓáa |- | milk || *mbir || nono; tatsa || nóonòo; tàatsáa |- | horn || *mek || ƙaho || ƙàhóo |- | darkness || *nduvun || duhu || dúhùu |- | sand || *ŋeɬ || yashi; ƙasa || yàashíi; ƙásáa |- | hair || *ŋgusa || gashi || gáashìi |- | breast || *po || nono || nóonòo |- | pus || *ɾ-- || mugunya || múgúnyàa |- | hunt || *ɾam || farauta || fàráutàa |- | fly || *raw || ƙuda; tashi || ƙúdáa; táashì |- | time || *ɾi || lokaci; sa’a || lóokàcíi; sáa'àa |- | place || *ɾi || wuri; waje || wúríi; wájée |- | bean || *ɾit || wake || wáakée |- | tooth || *s- || hakori || hákóoríi |- | person || *s- || mutum || mùtûm |- | grass || *-s- || ciyawa || cìyáawàa |- | broom || *samat || mashari || másháaríi |- | spear || *sap || mashi || máashìi |- | egg || *se || ƙwai || ƙwái |- | name || *sem || suna || súunáa |- | sleep || *sen || yi barci || yí bárcíi |- | tongue || *si || harshe || hárshèe |- | seven || *siɗa || bakwai || bákwài |- | wind || *simbet || iska || ískàa |- | field || *sine || gona || góonáa |- | bone || *sok || ƙashi || ƙàshíi |- | root || *s-r || jijiya; saiwa || jíijíyàa; sâiwáa |- | people || *su || jama’a; mutane || jàmá'àa; mútàanée |- | beer || *sum || giya; burkutu || gíyàa; bùr̃kùtù |- | sheep || *time || tunkiya || túnkìyáa |- | moon || *tiɾ || wata || wátàa |- | brain || *toʔon || ƙwalƙwalwa || ƙwálƙwálwáa |- | body || *tu || jiki || jìkíi |- | grave || *us || kabari || kábàr̃íi |- | five || *vaɬ || biyar || bìyár̃ |- | wasp || *viŋ || zanzaro || zànzáróo |- | monkey || *vir || biri || bírìi |- | charcoal || *v-n || gawayi || gáwàyíi |- | hare || *v-t || zomo || zóomóo |- | salt || *vu || gishiri || gíshíríi |- | mouth || *vun || baki || bàakíi |- | blood || *vuzur || jini || jíníi |- | girl || *way || yarinya || yáarínyàa |- | black || *wura || baƙi || báƙíi |- | rope || *zew || igiya || ígíyàa |- | hole || *z-ɾ || rami || ráamìi |} == Bibiyar Tarihi == * Caron, Bernard 2004. Le Luri: quelques notes sur une langue tchadique du Najeriya. A cikin: Pascal Boyeldieu & Pierre Nougayrol (eds. ), Langues et Al'adu: Terrains d'Afrique. Gidaje a Faransa Cloarec-Heiss (Afrique et Langage 7). 193-201. Louvain-Paris: Peeters. * Lukas, Johannes (1936) 'Halin ilimin harshe a yankin Tafkin Chadi a Afirka ta Tsakiya.' ''Afirka'', 9, 332 &#x2013; 349. * Lukas, Johannes. Zentralsudanische Studien, Hamburg 1937; * Newman, Paul da Ma, Roxana (1966) 'Kwatancen Cadiic: salon magana da kalmomi.' ''Jaridar Harsunan Afirka'', 5, 218 &#x2013; 251. * Newman, Paul (1977) 'Tsarin Chadi da sake ginawa.' ''Harsunan Afroasiatic'' 5, 1, 1 &#x2013; 42. * Newman, Paul (1978) 'Chado-Hamitic' adieu ': sabbin tunani kan rabe-raben harshen Chadi', a Fronzaroli, Pelio (ed. ), ''Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Linguistica Camito-Semitica'' . Florence: Instituto de Linguistica e di Lingue Orientali, Jami'ar di Firenze, 389 &#x2013; 397. * Newman, Paul (1980) ''Theididdigar Chadic a cikin Afroasiatic.'' Leiden: Jami'ar Pers Leiden. * Herrmann Jungraithmayr, Kiyoshi Shimizu: ''Tushen lafazin Chadic.'' Reimer, Berlin 1981. * Herrmann Jungraithmayr, Dymitr Ibriszimow: ''Tushen lafazin Chadic.'' 2 kundin. Reimer, Berlin 1994 * Schuh, Russell (2003) 'Tsinkayen Chadic', a cikin M. Lionel Bender, Gabor Takacs, da David L. Appleyard (eds. ), ''Zaba Comparative-Historical Afrasian ilimin harsuna Nazarin a Memory of Igor M. Diakonoff'', LINCOM Europa, 55 &#x2013; 60. ; Bayanin bayanai * Robert Forkel, & Tiago Tresoldi. (2019). lexibank / kraftchadic: Chadic Wordlists (Shafin v3.0) [Saitin bayanai]. Zenodo. {{Doi|10.5281/zenodo.3534953}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Harsunan Chadic]] [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Al'ummomi]] jytcgbw5c8u1wcex04dawu1tztgx5qx 0 21262 824132 746519 2026-04-22T10:28:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Zaɓen '''gwamnan jihar Kano na shekarar 1983''' ya faru ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 1983.<ref>{{Cite web|last=editor|date=2019-04-05|title=Remembering Abubakar Rimi|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/04/06/remembering-abubakar-rimi/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-27|title=In picture: Rimi’s decrepit grave. -|url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2017/02/27/in-picture-rimis-decrepit-grave/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=The NEWS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Abubakar Rimi:11 years after|url=http://triumphnews.org/abubakar-rimi11-years-after/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=TRIUMPH NEWS|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427234943/http://triumphnews.org/abubakar-rimi11-years-after/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=One year after Abubakar Rimi’s passage|url=https://dailytrust.com/one-year-after-abubakar-rimis-passage|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria: Ex-Gov Rimi Dies After Armed Robbery Attack - Afran - News - AFRAN Study and Research Institute (Africa & Iran)|url=http://www.afran.ir/en/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3408|access-date=2021-04-27|website=www.afran.ir|archive-date=2021-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427234943/http://www.afran.ir/en/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3408|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Abubakar Rimi shot dead|url=https://news2.onlinenigeria.com/news/general/5132-abubakar-rimi-shot-dead.html|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-04-28|website=news2.onlinenigeria.com|archive-date=2021-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427234948/https://news2.onlinenigeria.com/news/general/5132-abubakar-rimi-shot-dead.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-04-08|title=Police nab 15 over Abubakar Rimi's death|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/04/police-nab-15-over-abubakar-rimis-death/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rimi - Exit of a Glamorous Politician [column]|url=https://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2010/04/13/4724999.htm|access-date=2021-04-27|website=www.tmcnet.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PressReader.com - Your favorite newspapers and magazines.|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/sunday-trust/20161009/281689729321421|access-date=2021-04-27|website=www.pressreader.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-17|title=Recalling Former Governor Rimi’s Attempt To Diminish the Emir of Kano, By Jibrin Ibrahim - Premium Times Opinion|url=https://opinion.premiumtimesng.com/2019/05/17/recalling-former-governor-rimis-attempt-to-diminish-the-emir-of-kano-by-jibrin-ibrahim/|access-date=2021-04-27|language=en-US}}</ref> Ɗan takarar PRP Sabo Bakin Zuwo ne ya lashe zaɓen, inda ya doke NPP [[Abubakar Rimi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=BNW Magazine: Alhaji Abubakar Rimi in Conversation with Helon Habila: The Chinua Achebe Foundation Interview Series #2 Nigeria: A Meeting of the Minds Biafra Nigeria World :@ Biafra NigeriaWorld.|url=http://magazine.biafranigeriaworld.com/chinua-achebe/2005mar21-achebe-foundation-abubakar-rimi-interview.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=magazine.biafranigeriaworld.com|archive-date=2009-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803161403/http://magazine.biafranigeriaworld.com/chinua-achebe/2005mar21-achebe-foundation-abubakar-rimi-interview.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Ancient Kano - How Settlers Become Indigenes|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200812160231.html|url-status=bot: unknown|access-date=2021-04-28|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2011-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622121205/https://allafrica.com/stories/200812160231.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria: Ex-Gov Rimi Dies After Armed Robbery Attack|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201004050071.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-28|website=allafrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=GOOD LUCK, BAD LUCK? WHO KNOWS?|url=http://www.weekly.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1971%3Agood-luck-bad-luck-who-knows-&catid=44%3Asaturday-column&Itemid=113|url-status=bot: unknown|access-date=2021-04-28|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2010-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315082421/http://www.weekly.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1971%3Agood-luck-bad-luck-who-knows-&catid=44%3Asaturday-column&Itemid=113}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Abubakar Rimi: A notorious cash and carry politicain|url=https://www.ngex.com/news/public/article.php?ArticleID=743|url-status=bot: unknown|access-date=2021-04-28|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2007-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027023306/https://www.ngex.com/news/public/article.php?ArticleID=743}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alhaji Abubakar Rimi may mean well for NdiIgbo|url=http://nigeriaworld.com/letters/2000/sep/082.html|url-status=bot: unknown|access-date=2021-04-28|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2003-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030807184230/http://nigeriaworld.com/letters/2000/sep/082.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-04-05|title=Ex-Gov. Abubakar Rimi is dead|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/04/ex-gov-abubakar-rimi-is-dead/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Guardian's Memorial Tribute to Mohammed Abubakar Rimi (1940-2010)|url=http://waado.org/NigerDelta/Memorials/Mohammed_Abubakar_Rimi.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=waado.org|archive-date=2021-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427234943/http://waado.org/NigerDelta/Memorials/Mohammed_Abubakar_Rimi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Abubakar Rimi is dead|url=http://pointblanknews.com/os3146.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=pointblanknews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Blueprint|date=2014-04-09|title=Remembering Abubakar Rimi|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/remembering-abubakar-rimi/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> == Sakamako == Sabo Bakin Zuwo mai wakiltar jam'iyyar PRP ne ya lashe zaɓen, inda kuma ya doke tsohon gwamna [[Abubakar Rimi|Abubakar Rimi mai]] wakiltar jam'iyyar NPP . A zaɓen da aka gudanar a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, 1983.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-13|title=Rimi's giant footprints: Tribute to the last great leader|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/rimis-giant-footprints-tribute-last-great-leader/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=9 years after: Remembering Abubakar Rimi|url=https://dailytrust.com/9-years-after-remembering-abubakar-rimi|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Remembering Abubakar Rimi - By: Webmaster|url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-abubakar-rimi|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Remembering the Late Abubakar Mohammed Rimi - By: Webmaster|url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-the-late-abubakar-mohammed-rimi|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=KANO: DON'T RULE OUT SURPRISES|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/32386/kano-dont-rule-out-surprises.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=38 Years After . . . Malam Aminu Kano’s PRP, Our PRP Offers Only Hope For Change|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/297900/38-years-after--malam-aminu-kanos-prp-our-prp-offers.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-23|title=Dad never spent a night at Government House as governor — Bakin Zuwo’s son|url=https://punchng.com/dad-never-spent-a-night-at-government-house-as-governor-bakin-zuwos-son/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-10-02|title=Trapped in the past|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/trapped-in-the-past/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerians Are Cowards - Rimi|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200404200068.html|url-status=live|access-date=2012-04-28|website=allafrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Admins|date=2013-04-08|title=Abubakar Rimi and the Defeat of Democracy, By Adagbo Onoja Newsdiaryonline|url=https://newsdiaryonline.com/abubakar-rimi-and-the-defeat-of-democracy-by-adagbo-onoja/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Newsdiaryonline|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Late Abubakar Rimi was a democrat and leader with foresight-Ganduje|url=https://dailytrust.com/late-abubakar-rimi-was-a-democrat-and-leader-with-foresight-ganduje|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Daily Trust|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428000148/https://dailytrust.com/late-abubakar-rimi-was-a-democrat-and-leader-with-foresight-ganduje|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Reuters|date=1984-09-06|title=Nigeria Jails 2 Ex-Governors|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/06/world/nigeria-jails-2-ex-governors.html|access-date=2021-04-27|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-04-08|title=THISDAY ONLINE / Nigeria news / African views on global news|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=170177|access-date=2021-04-27|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2010-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408001107/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=170177|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=May|first=Clifford D.|date=1983-08-20|title=70 REPORTED KILLED AFTER NIGERIAN STATE ELECTIONS|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/20/world/70-reported-killed-after-nigerian-state-elections.html|access-date=2021-04-27|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=President Shehu Shagari's National Party of Nigeria won further...|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/08/16/President-Shehu-Shagaris-National-Party-of-Nigeria-won-further/8914429854400/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=UPI|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=33. Nigeria (1960-present)|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=uca.edu|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=‘How I succeeded Malam Aminu Kano’|url=https://dailytrust.com/how-i-succeeded-malam-aminu-kano|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Emmanuel|first=Author: Odang|title=Nigeria Second Republic Governors - Rainbownigeria|url=https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/09/19/nigeria-second-republic-governors/|access-date=2021-04-28|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428000147/https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/09/19/nigeria-second-republic-governors/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-11|title=Deputy Governors|url=https://visitkano.com/deputy-governors/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Visit Kano|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412063614/https://visitkano.com/deputy-governors/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazartai == {{reflist}} [[Category:Gwamnatin Jihar Kano]] [[Category:Yan siyasa a najeriya]] [[Category:Yan siyasa]] [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] 3e1xtutikyjnukwwai6elcokpzc3kjk 0 21548 823874 813507 2026-04-21T23:53:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Song LGA in Adamawa State.svg|thumb]] [[Fayil:SAN 7773 05 (Fulani Settlement).jpg|thumb|gidan fulani Adamawa ]] [[Fayil:Adamawa Soldier.jpg|thumb|sojojin adamawa]] A '''Adamawa wani''' harsuna ne a putative iyali na 80-90 harsuna warwatse ko'ina cikin Adamawa Filato a tsakiyar Afirka, a [[Najeriya]], [[Kamaru]], [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]], da kuma [[Cadi|Chadi]], magana gaba ɗaya da ɗaya kawai, kuma a rabin miliyan (kamar na shekarar 1996). Joseph Greenberg ya sanya su a matsayin reshe daya na dangin Adamawa – Ubangi na harsunan [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] – Congo . Suna kuma daga cikin ƙananan yaruka da ake nazari a cikinsu a [[Afirka]], kuma sun haɗa da yarukan da ke cikin haɗari ; kusan mafi girma shine [[Harshen Mumuye|Mumuye]], tare da masu magana da shi mutane a kalla guda 400,000. Wasu harsunan da ba a rarraba su ba - musamman Laal da Jalaa - an samo su a gefen yankin Adamawa. A yanayin ƙasa, yaren Adamawa suna kwance kusa da inda aka sanya Niger-Congo - Tsakiyar Sudan ta Tsakiya wanda wataƙila ya haifar da dangin Atlantic-Congo, don haka yana iya wakiltar tsakiyar hasken gidan.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2020}} . == Rarrabuwa == Joseph Greenberg ya buga yarukan Adamawa a matsayin wani yanki na Adamawa – Ubangian (wanda ake kira da ''Adamawa – Gabas),'' ya kuma raba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi 14 masu lamba. Rukunin G3, Daka (ko Dakoid), yanzu an san shi reshe ne na Benuwe-Congo . Dangantakar sauran rassa ta sami babban kwaskwarima. === Greenberg (1963) === Ƙungiyoyi Adamawa guda 14 na lambobin Greenberg sune kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Lamba ! Rukuni |- | G1 | Tula – Waja |- | G2 | Leko |- | G3 | Daka |- | G4 | Duru |- | G5 | Mumuye – Yendang |- | G6 | Mbum |- | G7 | Bəna – Mboi (Yungur) |- | G8 | Nyimwom (Kam) |- | G9 | Bikwin – Jen |- | G10 | [[Harshen Longuda|Longuda]] |- | G11 | [[Harshen Fali|Fali]] |- | G12 | Nimbari |- | G13 | Bua |- | G14 | Kim |} === Boyd (1989) === Boyd a shekara ta (1989) ya ƙara harshen Rana kuma ya rarraba su kamar haka:<ref>Boyd, Raymond. 1989. Adamawa-Ubangi. In Bendor-Samuel, John (ed.), ''The Niger-Congo Languages: A Classification and Description of Africa's Largest Language Family'', 178-215. Lanham MD, New York & London: University Press of America.</ref> * Leko – Nimbari (ko Chamba – Mumuye). ** Duru : G4 ** Leko : G2 ** Mumuye – Yendang : G5 ** ''Nimbari :'' G12 * Mbum-Day ** Bua : G13 ** Kim : G14 ** Mbum : G6 ** ''Rana'' * Waja – Jen ** Bikwin – Jen (ko Jen): G9 ** Tula – Wiyaa (ko Waja): G1 ** Bəna – Mboi (ko Yungur): G7 ** ''Baa'' (aka Kwa) ** ''[[Harshen Longuda|Longuda]]'' : G10 * ''Nyimwom'' (ko Kam: G8) Ya cire [[Harshen Fali|harsunan Fali]] (G11). === Güldemann (2018) === Güldemann (2018) ya amince da "ɗumbin asali" guda 14 na Adamawa, amma yana da masaniya game da matsayin su a cikin Nijar-Congo sune kamar haka. * Tula-Waja * ''[[Harshen Longuda|Longuda]]'' * Bena-Mboi * Bikwin-Jen * Samba-Duru * Mumuyic * Maya (Yendangic) * Kebi-Benue (Mbumic) * Kimic * Buaic * ''Rana'' * ''Baa'' = ''Kwa'' * ''Nyingwom'' = ''Kam'' * ''[[Harshen Fali|Fali]]'' === Kleinewillinghöfer (2019) === Kleinewillinghöfer (2019), a cikin Gidan yanar gizon Project Harsuna na Adamawa, ya amince da rukunoni guda 17 masu zuwa a matsayin yarukan Adamawa sune kamar haka.<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2019. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/ Adamawa Language Groups]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * Tula-Waja ( Waja ): G1<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2012/10/TULA-WAJA-100-wordlist.pdf Tula-Waja comparative wordlist (Swadesh 100)]''. (1995 field notes.) Adamawa Languages Project.</ref><ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2014/03/Tula-Waja-Pronouns-and-Numbers.pdf Tula-Waja pronouns and numbers]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * Bikwin-Jen (Burak, Jen): G9<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2011/11/Bikwin-Jen-comparative-wordlist-100.pdf Bikwin-Jen Comparative wordlist (Swadesh 100)]''. (1995 field notes.) Adamawa Languages Project.</ref><ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2014/03/Bikwin-Jen-Pronouns-and-Numbers-1-10.pdf Bikwin-Jen Pronouns and Numbers 1-10]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * ''Kam (Nyiŋɔm, Nyiwom, Nyingwom)'' : G8<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/07/Kam-Nyingwom-notes.pdf Some notes on Nyiŋɔm (aka Nyingwom or Kam)]''. (2011 field notes.) Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * [[Harshen Longuda|Longuda]] (Nʋngʋra tari): G10<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2012/02/Longuda-Nungura-wordlist-100.pdf Longuda ~ Nʋngʋra wordlist (Swadesh 100)]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref><ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2014/03/Longuda-pronouns-and-numbers-1-10.pdf Longuda Pronouns and Numbers]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * ''Baa (Kwa)''<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 1993. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/04/Baa-wordlist-100.pdf Baa Wordlist (Swadesh 100)]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref><ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2014/03/Baa-pronouns-and-numbers.pdf Baa pronouns and numbers]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * Mumuye : G5 * Yandang (Yendang): G5<ref>Blench, Roger; Barau Kato; Zachariah Yoder. 2009. ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Yandang%20group/Comparatie%20Yandang.pdf The Maya (Yendang) languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420034000/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Yandang%20group/Comparatie%20Yandang.pdf |date=2015-04-20 }}''.</ref> * Samba - Duru (Chamba-Leko, Leko, Duru, Sama-Duru, Samba Leeko): G2, G4<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/06/Gimme-Vere-Doyayo.pdf Gimme-Vere-Doyayo wordlists]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref><ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/06/Vere-group-100-.pdf Vere wordlists]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * Ɓəna-Mboi (Yungur): G7<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2012/02/%C6%81%C9%99na-Mboi-YUNGUR-wordlist-100.pdf Ɓəna-Mboi comparative wordlist (Swadesh 100)]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref><ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2014/03/Yungur-pronouns-and-numbers.pdf Ɓəna-Mboi pronouns and numbers]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref><ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 1992 [2014]. [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2012/02/Evidence-of-noun-classes-in-languages-of-the-Yungur-group.pdf Evidence of noun classes in languages of the Yungur group]''. Adamawa Languages Project.''</ref> * Kebi-Benue ( Mbum ): G6 * Kim : G14 * ''Rana'' * Bua : G13 * ''Nimbari (Baari, Bari)'' : G12 [ya bace]<ref>Kastenholz, Raimund; Ulrich Kleinewillinghöfer. 2012. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2012/06/Nimbari.pdf Nimbari as a language name]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * ''Duli - Gewe (Gey, Gueve)'' [dadaddun] * ? ''[[Harshen Fali|Fali]]'' : G11 * ? ''Chamba-Daka ( Daka )'' : G3 [[Harshen Longuda|Kungiyoyin]] Tula-Waja, Longuda, Ɓəna-Mboi, Samba - Duru, da Bua ne kawai ke da darajojin suna . Sauran rukunin suna nuni ne kawai da tsarin tsoffin sunaye.<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2018/06/ADAMAWA-Kleinewillinghoefer_04_02_2014.pdf Adamawa]''. ‘Linguistisches Kolloquium’, Seminar für Afrikawissenschaften, 04 Februar 2014. Institut für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.</ref> === Blench (2012, 2020) === Roger Blench (2012)<ref>Blench, Roger. 2012. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/General/Niger-Congo%20an%20alternative%20view.pdf Niger-Congo: an alternative view] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203022520/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/General/Niger-Congo%20an%20alternative%20view.pdf |date=2012-12-03 }}.</ref> kammala da cewa harsunan Adamawa rukuni ne na yanki, ba dangin yare ba, kuma ya rabu da rassa daban-daban a cikin dangin Savannas da yake nema. Ya sanya wasu daga cikin yarukan yammacin Adamawa kusa da na yaren Gur fiye da sauran dangin Adamawa. Fali an kaɗance daga Savannas gaba ɗaya. Blench (2020) yana riƙe da haɗi tsakanin Mumuye da Yendang, amma ya fasa Samba-Duru na Kleinewillinghöfer. == Languagesananan harsunan adamawa == Harshen Oblo na [[Kamaru]] an haɗa shi a cikin juzu'i da yawa na ƙungiyar Adamawa, amma matsayinta a ciki ba shi da tabbas.<ref>Ayotte, Michael and Charlene Ayotte. 2002. [https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9104 Sociolinguistic language survey of Dama, Mono, Pam, Ndai and Oblo]. SIL International.</ref> An yi ta rade-radin cewa harshen Laal da ba a rarrabawa na [[Cadi|Chadi na]] iya zama Adamawa; yaren Jalaa na [[Najeriya]] tabbas ba adamawa bane, amma yana nuna tasirin Adamawa sosai. Koyaya, duka ɗayansu yanzu ana ɗauke dasu a matsayin keɓe harshe . == Kwatanta ƙamus == Samfurin asali ƙamus na Adamawa harsuna daga Kleinewillinghöfer ta ''Adamawa Harsuna Project'' website da kuma daban-daban da sauran kafofin sune kamar haka:<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2019. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/ Adamawa Language Groups]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> ''Lura'' : A cikin sassan tebur tare da yankin, ana ba da muɗaɗɗen sifa kafin laushi, yayin da sigar jam'in ke biyo bayan slash. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 80%" !Rarrabuwa !Harshe !Rukunin harshe !ido !kunne !hanci !haƙori !harshe !baki !jini !ƙashi !ruwa !bishiya !ci !suna |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Baa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Baa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nu(ví) / rínù | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |ǹtú / ríǹtú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |gyo̰ / rigyó̰ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyanwívì / rí- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dyḛǹ(vì) | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyààvì | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |twèèn | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kukút | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mán | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kii / rikii | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |gyâ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |zin |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Proto-Jen (Proto-Bikwin-Jen) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |up I | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*núŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*tswi | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*lúr(i) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*le | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*ɗək; (*lyəN) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*ɲwa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*ɥe/*zwi | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*kub | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*kəb | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*mɛ/*mɨŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*tə́ŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*lɨn/*ɗwín |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Burak (Ɓʊʊrak) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" | | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |núŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |twíi ? | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lúúri | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lée | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗá̰k | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nyúwaa, nywaa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |wɪ́ɪ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kúb, kúp ? | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mɛ́ɛ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗít / yéɗit | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |tá̰ŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lín̄ |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Loo (Shʊŋɔ) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Galdemaru | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɛrɛ nuŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |twɪ́ɪ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lúúrì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lei | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗak | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nywa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |dùm | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kúp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mɛ́ɛ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗít | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |táŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nin |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Loo (Shʊŋɔ) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Waamura | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɛrɛ nuŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |twɪ́ɪ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lúúrì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lei | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗak | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nywa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |dùm | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kúp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mɛ́ɛ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |káp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |táŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nin |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Maɣdi (Tala) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" | | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |núŋ / yéénuŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |cwéé | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |luuli | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |léí | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗák | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nyuwaa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ywee | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kób, kúób / yéé kób | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |míshì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |káp / yéékáp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |taŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lin |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Lee Mak | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Panya | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nuŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |dɔkswíì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗuurə | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lei | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lén | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nuwaa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lyüé | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kóp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mui kya | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kap / yeekâp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |táŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗín |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Lee Mak | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Zoo | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nuŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |(ɗɔ́k)shwìyè | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗuurə | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lei | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lén | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nuwa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lyüé | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kúóp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mwui kya | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kàp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |táŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗin |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Kya̰k (Bambuka) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" | | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |núŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗɔ́kswì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗúr | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lɛ́ɛ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗyím | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ŋwaà | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |zwìì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kəkəp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mùŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |káp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |táŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗwín |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Mɔɔ (Gomu) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" | | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nə́ŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗɔ́kfíì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗúr | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lɛ́ɛ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗyík | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ŋwaa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |zìì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kúp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mùŋ kwâm | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kaap | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |taŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗwín |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |LeeLau (Munga, Munga Leelau) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" | | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |núŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗɔkswî | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗurr, ndurr | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |léí | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lyén | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ŋwaà | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |zìì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kukup; (kʊkʊp ?) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |munki | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kâp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |tâŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗún |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Dza (Jen) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Kaigama | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nə́ŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |tshwötshwí | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |bwaadjwí | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |djìì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lʌ̰́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nnwâ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |hywṵi, hywḭ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kʊʊkʊ́, kʊkʊ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mmə́ŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kɐ́ɐ / ekʌ́(ʌ) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |táŋ, tháŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |djwuŋ |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Munga (Məngaŋ) Doso | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" | | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nəŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |cúcwì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kádwì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |íì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lyêm | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ŋwàà | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ehywü; (exwü) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kúkwə̀ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |məŋ tsər | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kaa / lékaa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |tâŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗyíìŋ |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Joole | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" | | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nə́ŋ / ee- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |tʃwü tʃwí | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nwá̰ dwí | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |jì(ì) (calabash) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lʌ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ká̰ nw̰á̰ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |hṵ̈̀ḭ̀ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kùkú | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mə́ŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kʌ́ / èèkʌ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |táŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |dzuŋ |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Jòòle | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Joole Manga | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |bwàà nù | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |bwaa tywi | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |bwàà dṵ̀ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |gigi | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |láŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kányua | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |vi (?) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kúkú | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |míkyá | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nyááká / nyááká búbáí | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |tà̰à̰ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |dumà |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Wɪya, Waja, Wajan Kasa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuŋè | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |twɪ́yaʊ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |boocu | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nwii | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |bɛnɛ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nɪyaʊ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tumà | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kuu | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |gundù | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |sou | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |jɛ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dənè |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Deeri, Wajan Dutse | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |gɔn niŋi | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |podou / podoru | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Kutule, Tula | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Wange | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kwalaŋɛ / kwalaŋi | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kətɛ́ɛ́lɛ̀ / kətɛ́ɛ́lɪ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |cʊʊn / cʊʊni | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kunuwaŋ / nǔǔm, tunuri | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |ben / beni | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |yii / yiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kʊtʊm | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kətiyaŋ / tətiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mwɛ̀ / mwɛti | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tíyaŋ / tííní | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |cáú ~ ʃáú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dən / dimbi |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Baule | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nù / núl | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kə̀tɛ́ɛ́lɛ̀ / kə̀tɛ́ɛ́lɪ̀ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |sʊ́ʊ́n / sʊ́ʊ́nɪ́, sʊ́ŋə́n | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kə́núwáŋ / núúm, tə́núri | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |been / bééni | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |yí / yiiní | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kʌtùùm | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kətiyá námáŋ / tətiini náiyé | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mwɛ̀ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kətíyá / tətííní | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |saʊ; sa (mwàn) | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |də́n / də́mbí |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Yili (Yiri) | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuù / nuuto | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kətɛ́ɛ́lɪ / kətɛ́ɛ́nɪ́ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |ʃʊ́ʊ́l / ʃʊ́ʊ́wɪ̀ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kunuuŋ / nuum | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |bííl / bííwí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |yii / yiiní | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kʊtʊʊ̀m | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kukúkó / tukútó | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mwɛ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tiyaŋ / tiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |caʊ̀; ca (mwân) | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |diń / dimən |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Yebu, Awak | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |núŋí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |bwaará | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |suur ~ sʊʊr | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuŋún | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |beén | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nìí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tuum | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kuukú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mwê; mwɛ̀ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tii | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |sáb | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |duń |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Baŋjiŋe, Bangwinji | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuwe / nuwetini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tuù / tuuní | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |ʃóór, cóór | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuǹ / nuǹtini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |bien / bienni ? | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyii / nyiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |bwiyalɛ̀ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kúk / kútí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mwɛ́m | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tu / tum | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |câm | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dén |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Dadiya | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuu / nuutin | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |lɔɔ̀l | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |jʊl | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |núŋùn | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |ben | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |níyò / níyétìn | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tʊ́ʊ́m | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kuto | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mwḛ̂ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tiyà / tiyàntin | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |jáá | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dùń |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Maa, Kamo | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |núŋé | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kúmó | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |cóór | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nugun | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |bén̄ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyiyé | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tʊ́ʊ́m | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kúúbú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mwɛ́ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyáŋlá | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dágʊ́m (wúrgé) | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dìń |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Dijim, [[Harshen Mwona|Cham]] | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Kindiyo | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kʌmɪ / kámtɛ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |suu; suwoŋ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |jʊ̀r, jʊ̀ʊ̀r | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuŋun / nuŋtɛ́ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |lʌŋər / laŋtɛ́ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyʷii / nyʷiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dʊ̀gʊ́m | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kuk / kute | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |híí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |riyaŋ / riitɛ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |jau | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dun / duntɛ̀ |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Bwilim, [[Harshen Mwona|Cham]] | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Mɔna | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nu / nute | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |getuwaŋ / getuwai | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |taanù / taantɔ́ʊ́ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |bemnù / bemtou | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyii / nyiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |gə̀mí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |záà | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tso | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Suwabou | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuŋ / nuntóú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |wɔɔnʊ́ / wɔɔntáú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyulóónù / nyulóóntù | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nunu / núntòù | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |lameno / lamtʊ̀ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyii / nyiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dɔɔ̀m | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tsá / tseni | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |láà / laátóú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tsá / tsenì | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |za | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dín / díntòù |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tso | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Gusubo | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nùŋ / nùntù | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |fə̀là / fə̀lààni | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dətəmòròù / tə̀tə̀mòtòù | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |taanʊ̀ / taantú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |béémnó / béémtóú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyii / nyiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tsá / tseni | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |la / latóú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tsá / tsénì | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |zaà | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dín / díntú |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tso | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Barbou | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dʊ̀m | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tsá / tsáni | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |yìbè / laátóú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | |- | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |isolate | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |Jalaa | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" | | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |dyiríì / dyitə̂ | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |buŋôŋ | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |yamə-r / yamə-ta | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |tənəm / tənemté̩ | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |laŋe̩r / laŋté̩ | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |bo̩o̩, bwo̩ / bo̩o̩-ní | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |bwiirùm | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |kùsì-gò̩ / -nìó | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |gwìì-ràŋ, gwìì-ròŋ / -tè̩ | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |mwê̩ | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |hâl | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |nuŋ kúlájí; kwáráŋ wò̩gə́n ? |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |[[Harshen Longuda|Longuda]] | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Cerii (Ceriŋ, Banjiram) | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyʊ̰lá / nyʊ̰ʔá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thʊ́lá / thwíyá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dɔ́ŋkhá / dɔ́ŋthá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |gàràlá / gará | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dhilimkha / dhilimtha | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyàkhá / nyàthá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thùmá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kwacalá / kwacáá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mámá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thíká / thímá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dhà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |zííndé / zíné |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Longuda | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Deele (Jessu) | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyʊ̀ʊ̀là / nyʊ̀ʊ̀lʔà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |tʊ́là / twáʔà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |jɔ́ɔ́(ŋ)khà / jɔ́ɔ́(ŋ)thà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |galáwa / galáhà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dhələ́mkhà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyàkà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thʊ́mà; surmə̀ | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kukubə́lə̀ / kukubə́ʔə̀ | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mámà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thikhà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |já, jáʔà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |jááunla / jááunʔà |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Longuda | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Koola (Thaarʊ) | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyʊ̰lá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |tʊ́lá / twáʔá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |zɔɔŋkha | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |gàlàwá / gàlàhá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dələmka | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyalá / nyaʔá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |tʊmá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |tsakəbla / tsakəbʔa | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mama | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thíká | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |zà ; zà nyoomò | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dəmla / dəmʔá |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Longuda | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Wala Lunguda | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |[[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyuŋlá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thʊ́wá / thwáá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |joonka | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |garala / garaʔa / | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |zilimkha | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyakhá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |tumá, thuma | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kwaca, kwacalá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mámá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thíkhá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |jà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |zindè / zinè |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Longuda | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Gwaanda (Nyuwar) | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyṵnla | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |zingala / zingaʔa | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |jɔ̰ŋka | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyile / nyiʔe | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dhilimka | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyàkà / nyàthà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |sirme | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kwacala / kwacaʔa | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mama, dwaama | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |waha̰ka / waha̰ma | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dháà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dzaunla; dziiŋle |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Longuda | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Gwaanda | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyṵlà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dzíngálá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |jónká | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyúlə́ | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dhílímká | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |súrmá, súrmé ? | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kwàcàlà / kwàcàà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mámá, dwàmà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |wàhàkà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dà; thà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dzínlə́ |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Ɓəna (Yungur) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Dumne | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |núú / nṵ́ṵ́sâ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |gwḛ́ḛ́ / gwḛ́ḛ́mé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tímrá / címtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗə́fá / ɗə́mtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗəlmaarà / ɗəlmaatà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ʔéé / ʔéémé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kẃadmá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tə́fá / tə́ptá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbraá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɓota / nbwece | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kə́fə́ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗənda / ɗənta |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Ɓəna (Yungur) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Pirambe | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |núú / nṵ́ṵ́śa | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |gwe / gweme | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tímrá / tímtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗə́mbá / ɗə́mtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗəlmaarà / ɗəlmaatà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ʔḛḛ / ʔéémé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |munma | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tə́fá / tə́ptá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbərá / mbəramsî | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɓota / nɓétè | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kə́fə́ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗənda / ɗənta |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Voro | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Waltaandi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |núú / núúza | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |gwḛ́ḛ́ / gwḛ́ḛ́mé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tímrá / tímtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗə́mbá / ɗə́mtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗəlḿáará / ɗəlḿáatá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ʔḛḛ / ʔḛ́ḛ́mé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kẃadmá, mùnmà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tə́fá / tə́ptá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbráá [muwa ?] | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɓòtà / ŋbété | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kə́fə́ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗə́ndá / ɗə́ntá |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Voro | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Ɓéttandi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kẃadmá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tə́fá / tə́ptá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbra̰a̰ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɓòtà / ŋbété | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kə́fə́ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗə́ndá / ɗə́ntá |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Ɓəna (Laala) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bodei (Bodwai) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |nuú / nuujà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |gwḛḛ / gwḛḛmé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |timrá / timtá, timté | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗəmbá / ɗəmtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗə̀lmààrà / ɗə̀lmààtà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |nyḛ́ḛ́ / nyḛ́ḛ́mé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |bòblà / bòbjà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |təpa / təutá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbrá̰à̰ / mbráámjà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɓotá / ngwaaté | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |jeè | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗíndá / ɗíntá |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Ɓəna (Laala) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Yang | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |nuú / nùùzà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |gwɛ̰ɛ̰ / gwɛ̰ɛ̰mé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tìmrá / tìmtí | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗimbá / ɗimtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗilmará / ɗilmaatá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ḛ̀yḛ́ / ḛ̀yḛ̀mé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mónmá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |təfá / tòùtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |bərà̰à̰ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɓotá / ngwbaté | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kəwə́ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |díndá / díntá |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Robma (Laala Roba) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |nuu / nuuwà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |gwee / gweemé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tìmrá / tìmtí | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗimbá / ɗimtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |dilmará / dilmatá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ḛḛ́ / eḛ́msà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |monma | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |təfá / təfáámse | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |bura / buráámsà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɓotá / ngbaté | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |sewò | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |dinda / dinta |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Gulungo | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗəmbó / ɗìmda | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |aʔəhḛ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |matəma | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ngɔdɔ́ / angedé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ndià / ndiidà |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Livo | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |núú / núúźa | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tṵṵ̀ / tṵṵzà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ifiya / ifita | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |dúmbó / dimtà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |lemiya / lemta | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ahʔhi / ʔhimza | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |matəma | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tutto / acicé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbiya | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ngɔ́tɔ́ / ángété | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ʒé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ndíà / ndiità |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Haanda | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |nuu / nuuzà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tuŋ / atʃw̄i | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |rifḛḛrà / rifḛḛtà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |dúmbó / dimtà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |leembərà / leemtà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ahʔhḭ̀ / mbai hímzà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mátə́má | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |túftò / atʃúfè | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbra | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ŋbótó / aŋbécè | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |zé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ndera / ndərtata |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Kaan (Libo) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |sunu / (sunuḿa) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |twḭ / twiiḿa | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |shimbə́r / shimbətəmá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |təmbər / təmbərmâ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗəlaamíì / ɗəlaamííʔóó | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ʔii / ʔiim | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |morúm | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |təfəra / təfətəmá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |barə̀m | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mərə̂m / mərəməmá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |zə́ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ndə̀r / ndərmá |- | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Yendang | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Bali | style="background-color: #f1e9df" | | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ní | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |tɛ́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |sɛ́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |síbí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ŋwɛ́lɛ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ɲɛ́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |míɗɛnɛ́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |kṹɓí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |tí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mò[k] | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |lím |- | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Yendang | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Kpasham | style="background-color: #f1e9df" | | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |núɛ̃́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |wàswé | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ɲɛ́swɛ́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |síbí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ŋwɔ́le | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ɲɛ́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mídwíne | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |kũ̀bi | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |sí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mɔk | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |nə̌ŋ |- | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Yendang | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Yoti | style="background-color: #f1e9df" | | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |dóo | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |tóo | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |sɔ́ɔ̃́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ʃúu | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |wúlɛ̀ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ɲâ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |dii | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |kúnwí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |tí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mii | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mòk | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |níŋ |- | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Yendang | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Yandang | style="background-color: #f1e9df" | | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |nɔk | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |tòk | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ɲánsũ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |rùk | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |lɛka | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ɲǎk | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |le | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |kún | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |dĩ̀hĩ̀ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mogí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |inaŋ |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Mumuye | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Proto-Mumuye | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*nu-ng, *nung; *gí-ǹg | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*co-V, *coo | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*su-ng, *sung | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*tná-li/-ri | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*ɗè-V/ng-ti | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*nyaa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*kpa-V̀; *zing, *zi-ng | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*ka (redup.), *kak-V | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*mi-V, *mii, *min ? | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*la-V, *laa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*caa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*ríǹg, *rí-ǹg |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Mumuye | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |[[Harshen Mumuye|Mumuye]] ([[Zing (Nijeriya)|Zing]]) | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nung | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |shoo | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |sung | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tnári | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |rèétè | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyaa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kpaà | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kaka | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mee | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |laa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |shaa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |ríńg |- | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |Kam | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |Nyiŋɔm (Kam) | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |Din Kamaajin | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |ànùŋ | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |àkàr | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |àmə̀ràk | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |àshàg / àshàgìyo | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |àlímə́ní | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |ŋwé | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |wò | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |àkùb | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |mə̀ŋ káŋá | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |bàl / bàl yo | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |nìm; nəm níì (imp.) | style="background-color: #f0f1df" | |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Jango | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ́ru / nɔ́ī | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tóŋ / tónnun | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míŋ; míŋ̄ / mínnùŋ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núúrù / núúi | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mbéélu / mbéī | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ndáŋ̄ / ndántun | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpa'arú / kpaˀatɛ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |rɛ́ndúkú / rɛ́ndɛ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |máŋ / mántúŋ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |rák / ratú | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |rɛɛ kóp | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ríírú / rííté |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Jango (Southern) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ́ru / nɔ́(t)tí | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míŋ̄ / mínnùŋ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núúrù / núúyì | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mbéélu / mbéétɛ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ndáŋ̄ / ndántùŋ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpààˀru / kpàˀɛ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |rɛɛŋ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Were | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nǒrrō | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tōn(g) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mi(n)(g) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nūī (pl.) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |bēlō | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dǎ(n)(g) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |pǎrū | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |gaemām | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Batəm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔr / nɔˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tok / toˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míˀ / miin | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núúr / núˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ́ɛ́l / mɛ́ˀté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |súˀ / sut | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kwaal / kwaaˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |niŋg / nin | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |maam / máámə̀t | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |teh / tɛt | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |règùm; rɛ̀ká | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ríˀír / ríˀtɛ |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Momi | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ̀r / nɔ̀ˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɔ̀k / tɔ̀ˀˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mii / miin | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nùùr / nùùˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |meel / meeli | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |suu / suut | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpààl / kpaai | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nènk / nèn | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |máàm / máŋ̀bət | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tè / tèt | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |règùm; rɛ̀ká; rèèká | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ríír / rííti |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vɔkba | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔr / nɔˀti | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tok / torum | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nik (?) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ́l | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |súˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kòàl | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |néŋ / néŋti | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mám | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɛˀ / tɛtə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |regɨm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ríí |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Wɔmmu | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ́r / núɔ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tór / tóó (tʋ́r) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míí / mííne | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nuurə̀/ núútə́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míɛ́le / mɛ́ɛ́té ~ míɛ́té | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dóbʒɩ̀ / dówwi | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kwaalə / kwaasə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɛ́ŋkə / nɛ́nté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |máám | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɛ́ɛ́ / tɛ́tə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |rɛgum kwɔ́ú | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |níìr / nííté |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Nissim | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ́ɔ́l / núɔ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tóól / tɔ́ɔ́tə́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míí / mííne | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núúlə / núúté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛɛ́lə / mɛɛ́té | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dóbzə/ dóbpe | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpaalə / kpaate | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |neŋke / neŋte | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |máám , máám bonúm àm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɛ́ɛ́ / tɛ́tə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lem kúɔ́; lekə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |níllə / níttə́ |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Eilim | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ́l / nɔ́ɔ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tól / tóó | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míí / míímtə̀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núúl / núúté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛɛ́l / mɛɛ́té | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dám / damderei | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpaal / kpaatə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mám̀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɛ́ɛ̄ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lem kúɔ́; lekə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |líllə / níttə́ |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Kobom | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ́rì / nɔ́ɔ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tókù / tóó | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mí / míímītī | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núúrì / nuute | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ́ɛ́ni / mɛ́té | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dám / dámtíréí | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛɛm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɛ́ŋkù / nɛ́ŋté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɛ́ / tɛ́ti | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |réí; rékɔ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |rííri / rííté |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vɔmnəm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔr / nɔɔ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tukò / tuŋbərəm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míì / míìm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nuurò / nuute | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛɛlò / mɛɛte | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |súú / sútò | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kwaalò / kwaasò | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɛ́ŋkò / nɛŋté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |maàm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɛɛ / tɛɛtə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |rɛm; rɛkò | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |niirò / niite |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Damtəm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nuɔ̀l / nuɔ̀rɛ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɔ́l / tɔrɛ, tɔɔtɛ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míl / mííté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núl / núúte | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛl / mɛɛte | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dám / damtər | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpaal / kpaaʃe | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lyɛngə̀ / lɛŋsyɛ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tii / tiitə̀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nʌ́l / nʌʌtə́ |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gəunəm-Yar (Gə-Yarəm) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nual / nuare | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |cul / curie, tuure | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míəl / mííré | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núúl / núúré | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míál / mɛ́re | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dám / dámdə́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpàal/ kpààsə̀də̀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nyáŋsə́l / nyáŋsé, nyáŋgə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mám | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lau / lasə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lìní kúə́; lìə̀- kúə́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lə́l / lérə |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gə-Lim | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nual / nuarie | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |túl / túríé | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míil / mííré | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nuul / nuurie | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ́rl / mɛ́ɛ́rɛ̄ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dám / dámdə́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpaal / kpaarie | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nyángə́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mám | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |láú / lásə́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lìní; lìə̀- kúʌ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lʌl / lʌʌrie |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gəmnəm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Beiya | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nol / nootə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tol / tootə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mííl / míítə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núŋlə̄ / núŋ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ́ɛ́l / mɛ́ɛ́tə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nok / noŋtə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |meem / meemtə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |néngə, nɛ́ngə / néŋzə, nɛ́ŋzə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |má:m / máámtə̄ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |téé / teete | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |liiná ; lìì kɔ́p | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nííl / níítə |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gəmnəm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gindoo | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔl | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tol | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míl | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɨŋ́ lə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ́l | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔk | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mem | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɨŋ́ ə / nɨŋ́ gə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mám | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |teˀ/ tetə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |níl |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gəmnəm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Riitime | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ́lé / nɔ́ˀɔ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tólé / tóˀó | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mííle / mííˀe | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lúŋle / lúŋe | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |méle / méˀē | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nogúsa / nóŋté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mēēmē | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |léngo / léŋē | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |máámē / mámte | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |téˀé / tété | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lii kóóp | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lə́lē / lə́ˀə |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gəmme | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gəmme | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nólé / nóˀɛ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tólé / tóˀó | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míhˀle / míhˀie | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |níŋlē / níŋē | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |méhˀle / méhyē | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |yòlé / yòé | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míímé | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |níngē / níŋmē | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |memˀe | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |téˀé / teˀnē | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lee lená | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nímlē / nímē |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gəmme | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Baanma | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔla / nɔˀɔ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |toga, toˀga / toˀma | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míhla / míˀi | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |níŋla / níŋa | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ́hla / mɛˀɛ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |yòla / yòˀo | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |miima / miimda | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɨŋ́ ga / nɨ́ŋma | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mema / memda | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |teˀɛ/ teˀna | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lee lená | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɨḿ la / nɨḿ a |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Doyayo | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Doyayo | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lɔ¹lɛ¹ ~ yɔ̰¹lɛ¹ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɔ̰n¹ɛ¹ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mḭḭl²; gɔ̰ɔ̰s²ɛ³ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nuŋ⁴go² | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛlɛ³² | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ya̰a̰¹yɔ¹ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ga̰a̰⁴mɛ² | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lɛ̰ŋ³ko² ~ lɛ̰ŋ²ko³ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ¹mɛ³ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɛ̰ɛ̰¹yɔ¹ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |le², lek¹yɔ¹ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nuŋ² |- | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |[[Harshen Fali|Fali]] | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |Proto-[[Harshen Fali|Fali]] | style="background-color: #dff1ed" | | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*nisu (pl.) | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*tuuyV; *tuuCV | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*unɨ | style="background-color: #dff1ed" | | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*rɛɛŋgu | style="background-color: #dff1ed" | | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*ndʒĩĩmV | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*kopfti | style="background-color: #dff1ed" | | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*sɔɔ- | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*rii- | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*ĩn- (v.) |- | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |Mbum | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |Proto-Lakka | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" | | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*nún | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*sú-k | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*cɔN-k | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*sˣɛl/ŋ | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*rím | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*nɟá-k | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*sˣɛ́-m | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*hū-t/-k | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*kpə̀(-k) | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*mbì | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*lʳak | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*rìn |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Kim | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Goundo | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ndʊɾʊ | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |huba | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |vw̃ãl | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ɲu̯aɾ | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ɗɛl | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |wʊ | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |tʃʊm | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kal | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mam | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ura | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dʒam | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |jɛmi |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Kim | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Besmé | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ndua | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |hoɾo | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |vũãl | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |hĩjɪm | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ɗelɛm | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |wu | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |tʃɔm | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kaːl | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mam | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ura | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dʒʊ̝m | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dĩː |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Kim | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Kim | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Kosop | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ndʷaɾa | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |togor | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |vɔ̝̃r | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kĩj̃ar | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ɗɛl | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |wak ̚ | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |sɔma | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kal | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mam | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ʔwaɾa | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |za | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dĩːl |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Day | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Day | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |nɔ́n | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |sɔ́g | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbúr | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ngìì | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |lélì/lélè/lèè | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |nām | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |dém | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |bō̰ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ʔém | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mīɲ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | -rì, lāà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |jōō |- | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Bua | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Proto-Bua | style="background-color: #f1e9df" | | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*diil; *ʔiil | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*to(l)(-) | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*fo̰/ḛl/ɲ(-) ? | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*nii(-); *ɲ- ? | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*l₁el(-) | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*mu/i | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*s₂e/um(-) / *s₂ḛr- | style="background-color: #f1e9df" | | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*te/o(l/g-) | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*l₂i/um(-); *me/on- ? | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*l₁e; *tu(y) | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*l₂iil |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |isolate | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Laal | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mɨla / mɨní | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |sɨ̀gál / sɨ̀gɨ́y | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |pən / - | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |yàmál / yèmí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mal / mə̀lí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |yəwəl / - | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |suna / - | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kòːg / kuagmi | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |miàdál / miàr ~ miariɲ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |su / sùgá | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kaw / kɨw; ɲag / ɲɨg; guru / guru; cíd / cíd | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |meːl / - |} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/ Ayyukan Harshen Adamawa] ( Jami'ar Johannes Gutenberg Mainz ) * [http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/AdaGram/ AdaGram] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904170848/http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/AdaGram/ |date=2019-09-04 }} ( CNRS - INALCO ). Binciken arzikin harsunan Najeriya: nazarin nahawu da takaddun yare na harsunan Adamawa. * [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Adamawa%20language%20list.pdf Jerin yarukan Adamawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20171024094404/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Adamawa%20language%20list.pdf |date=2017-10-24 }} - Blench * [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Wiyaa_group.htm Harsunan Tula-Wiyaa] - Blench * [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Leeko_group.htm Kungiyar Leeko] - Blench * [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Perema_page.htm Harshen Perema (Wom) na arewa maso gabashin Najeriya: rarrabuwa, salon magana da kuma sunan surar (PDF)] na Roger M. Blench, 2000. Mallam Dendo, Cambridge. * [http://www.sil.org/silesr/abstract.asp?ref=2002-050 Gaggawa game da binciken Gbete (PDF)] na Jason Diller & Kari Jordan-Diller, 2002. Rahoton Binciken Lantarki na SIL SILESR 2002-050. * [http://www.sil.org/silesr/abstract.asp?ref=2002-039 Binciken zamantakewar al'umma na harshen Mambay na Chadi da Kamaru (PDF)] na Cameron Hamm, 2002. Rahoton Binciken Lantarki na SIL SILESR 2002-039. * [http://www.sil.org/silesr/abstract.asp?ref=2002-048 Bincike mai sauri da bincike na lexicostatistical na Dama, Mono, Pam, Ndai da Oblo (PDF)] na Michael & Charlene Ayotte, 2002. Rahoton Binciken Lantarki na SIL SILESR 2002-048. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040820223117/http://www.sil.org/africa/cameroun/bylanguage/languages/karang.html Karang] - SIL-Kamaru * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050104091633/http://www.sil.org/africa/cameroun/bydomain/linguistics/bibliography/biblio2001.html Littafin SIL-Kamaru] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050107014910/http://www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_4/sci_hum/19379.pdf Ocamus na kwatancen kayan ƙa'idodi aratoires dans le Nord-Cameroun], Tourneaux * Idiatov, Dmitry. 2017-08-29. [http://idiatov.mardi.myds.me/talks/2017_CALL_AdaGram_Survey_Results.pdf Sakamakon binciken AdaGram na farko a jihohin Adamawa da Taraba, Nigeria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601055735/http://idiatov.mardi.myds.me/talks/2017_CALL_AdaGram_Survey_Results.pdf |date=2023-06-01 }} . (tare da Mark Van de Velde, Tope Olagunju da Bitrus Andrew). 47th Colloquium akan Harsunan Afirka da Harsunan Afirka (KIRA) (Leiden, Netherlands). == Manazarta == [[Category:Harsunan Adamawa]] [[Category:Jihar Adamawa]] [[Category:Kabilu a Arewacin Afirka]] [[Category:Kabila]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ejpvxjx3l5javzi15g7qsggeixr8tkx 4 21908 823861 823184 2026-04-21T21:27:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 823861 wikitext text/x-wiki SAIDU YAKUBU MAGINA. Marubucin littafai ne na Hausa, an haife shi a garin kontagora Niger state a 03/05/1999. |[[User:Bjorkselbow|Bjorkselbow]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bjorkselbow|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 17 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Lover of the maths|Lover of the maths]] |[[Special:Contributions/Lover of the maths|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Black fuy|Black fuy]] |[[Special:Contributions/Black fuy|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Hassan Galadima Kaura|Hassan Galadima Kaura]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hassan Galadima Kaura|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Shamsu Jafaru|Shamsu Jafaru]] |[[Special:Contributions/Shamsu Jafaru|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |6 |[[User:Ibrahim Garba Nabara|Ibrahim Garba Nabara]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ibrahim Garba Nabara|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Shehu Alhasan|Shehu Alhasan]] |[[Special:Contributions/Shehu Alhasan|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |8 |[[User:Kusa MS|Kusa MS]] |[[Special:Contributions/Kusa MS|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |9 |[[User:Garbu Audu|Garbu Audu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Garbu Audu|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |10 |[[User:Tytylol|Tytylol]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tytylol|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |11 |[[User:Leonczasz|Leonczasz]] |[[Special:Contributions/Leonczasz|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Nura Data Daura|Nura Data Daura]] |[[Special:Contributions/Nura Data Daura|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |13 |[[User:Jawa D Jawa|Jawa D Jawa]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jawa D Jawa|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |14 |[[User:Mangal Rabiu|Mangal Rabiu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mangal Rabiu|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |15 |[[User:Elder55|Elder55]] |[[Special:Contributions/Elder55|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |16 |[[User:K Bogi|K Bogi]] |[[Special:Contributions/K Bogi|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |17 |[[User:Лесь Сидорчук|Лесь Сидорчук]] |[[Special:Contributions/Лесь Сидорчук|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |18 |[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] |[[Special:Contributions/CountryANDWestern|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |19 |[[User:Haruna Yahaya Musa|Haruna Yahaya Musa]] |[[Special:Contributions/Haruna Yahaya Musa|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |20 |[[User:Hassan Adamu Hadejia|Hassan Adamu Hadejia]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hassan Adamu Hadejia|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |21 |[[User:Idris Hashim|Idris Hashim]] |[[Special:Contributions/Idris Hashim|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |22 |[[User:Muhammad Hadejia|Muhammad Hadejia]] |[[Special:Contributions/Muhammad Hadejia|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |23 |[[User:Aliyu kalma mmr|Aliyu kalma mmr]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aliyu kalma mmr|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |24 |[[User:Ibn Gangaram|Ibn Gangaram]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ibn Gangaram|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |25 |[[User:HarunaInspires|HarunaInspires]] |[[Special:Contributions/HarunaInspires|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |26 |[[User:Fatimaellemite|Fatimaellemite]] |[[Special:Contributions/Fatimaellemite|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |27 |[[User:Abdulhamid Usman Hadejia|Abdulhamid Usman Hadejia]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abdulhamid Usman Hadejia|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |28 |[[User:Zainab sabi'u|Zainab sabi'u]] |[[Special:Contributions/Zainab sabi'u|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |29 |[[User:Cmdm689908|Cmdm689908]] |[[Special:Contributions/Cmdm689908|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |30 |[[User:EdwardUK|EdwardUK]] |[[Special:Contributions/EdwardUK|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |31 |[[User:Jordano53|Jordano53]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jordano53|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |32 |[[User:DeemDeem52|DeemDeem52]] |[[Special:Contributions/DeemDeem52|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |33 |[[User:A.FLOCK|A.FLOCK]] |[[Special:Contributions/A.FLOCK|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |34 |[[User:Jonastav89|Jonastav89]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jonastav89|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |35 |[[User:Chris Light|Chris Light]] |[[Special:Contributions/Chris Light|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |36 |[[User:Zamensa72|Zamensa72]] |[[Special:Contributions/Zamensa72|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |37 |[[User:Streetr4|Streetr4]] |[[Special:Contributions/Streetr4|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |38 |[[User:Thorgal1718|Thorgal1718]] |[[Special:Contributions/Thorgal1718|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |39 |[[User:Mouhammed2004|Mouhammed2004]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mouhammed2004|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 18 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |40 |[[User:MY Gohad|MY Gohad]] |[[Special:Contributions/MY Gohad|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |41 |[[User:Madeleinesinging|Madeleinesinging]] |[[Special:Contributions/Madeleinesinging|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |42 |[[User:Fourarmedoctopus|Fourarmedoctopus]] |[[Special:Contributions/Fourarmedoctopus|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |43 |[[User:Sigors|Sigors]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sigors|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |44 |[[User:Unknown4321unknown|Unknown4321unknown]] |[[Special:Contributions/Unknown4321unknown|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |45 |[[User:Hedi Sani|Hedi Sani]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hedi Sani|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |46 |[[User:Gwanjo|Gwanjo]] |[[Special:Contributions/Gwanjo|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |47 |[[User:Stromatherium|Stromatherium]] |[[Special:Contributions/Stromatherium|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |48 |[[User:Mai Dubu|Mai Dubu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mai Dubu|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |49 |[[User:Feenah12|Feenah12]] |[[Special:Contributions/Feenah12|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |50 |[[User:Vedic Art|Vedic Art]] |[[Special:Contributions/Vedic Art|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |51 |[[User:Mai Arus|Mai Arus]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mai Arus|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |52 |[[User:Birgediya|Birgediya]] |[[Special:Contributions/Birgediya|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |53 |[[User:Сбыча мечт|Сбыча мечт]] |[[Special:Contributions/Сбыча мечт|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |54 |[[User:Tinta Emas Historia Network|Tinta Emas Historia Network]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tinta Emas Historia Network|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |55 |[[User:Faultycrimal1|Faultycrimal1]] |[[Special:Contributions/Faultycrimal1|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |56 |[[User:נעם12|נעם12]] |[[Special:Contributions/נעם12|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |57 |[[User:Alarics|Alarics]] |[[Special:Contributions/Alarics|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |58 |[[User:Ibrahim salisu maula|Ibrahim salisu maula]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ibrahim salisu maula|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |59 |[[User:1104s72|1104s72]] |[[Special:Contributions/1104s72|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |60 |[[User:Atramentar|Atramentar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Atramentar|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |61 |[[User:YanVCan|YanVCan]] |[[Special:Contributions/YanVCan|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |62 |[[User:Elclassique1|Elclassique1]] |[[Special:Contributions/Elclassique1|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |63 |[[User:Tagurzan gabas Abba saleh|Tagurzan gabas Abba saleh]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tagurzan gabas Abba saleh|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |64 |[[User:Johannes Klarnus-Pettersen|Johannes Klarnus-Pettersen]] |[[Special:Contributions/Johannes Klarnus-Pettersen|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |65 |[[User:Nordlicht3|Nordlicht3]] |[[Special:Contributions/Nordlicht3|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |66 |[[User:Isabelsofiasalasmejia6|Isabelsofiasalasmejia6]] |[[Special:Contributions/Isabelsofiasalasmejia6|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 19 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |67 |[[User:LianaMH|LianaMH]] |[[Special:Contributions/LianaMH|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |68 |[[User:Zzz plant|Zzz plant]] |[[Special:Contributions/Zzz plant|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |69 |[[User:DavyBoyWilliams|DavyBoyWilliams]] |[[Special:Contributions/DavyBoyWilliams|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |70 |[[User:Flotsamfrog|Flotsamfrog]] |[[Special:Contributions/Flotsamfrog|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |71 |[[User:AngrySlothGaming|AngrySlothGaming]] |[[Special:Contributions/AngrySlothGaming|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |72 |[[User:Phina001|Phina001]] |[[Special:Contributions/Phina001|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |73 |[[User:Frenceko|Frenceko]] |[[Special:Contributions/Frenceko|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |74 |[[User:Nuclearo dinosauro|Nuclearo dinosauro]] |[[Special:Contributions/Nuclearo dinosauro|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |75 |[[User:Zarmas123|Zarmas123]] |[[Special:Contributions/Zarmas123|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |76 |[[User:Nhatquangdinh|Nhatquangdinh]] |[[Special:Contributions/Nhatquangdinh|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |77 |[[User:Following My Intuition|Following My Intuition]] |[[Special:Contributions/Following My Intuition|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |78 |[[User:Arcenb|Arcenb]] |[[Special:Contributions/Arcenb|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |79 |[[User:WMSR|WMSR]] |[[Special:Contributions/WMSR|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |80 |[[User:Nvss132|Nvss132]] |[[Special:Contributions/Nvss132|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |81 |[[User:Jacopo Tofani|Jacopo Tofani]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jacopo Tofani|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |82 |[[User:Arbor to SJ|Arbor to SJ]] |[[Special:Contributions/Arbor to SJ|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 20 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |83 |[[User:Aqiwode|Aqiwode]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aqiwode|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |84 |[[User:Hernnerhty|Hernnerhty]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hernnerhty|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |85 |[[User:Chief of Staff|Chief of Staff]] |[[Special:Contributions/Chief of Staff|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |86 |[[User:OtawaDotNL|OtawaDotNL]] |[[Special:Contributions/OtawaDotNL|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |87 |[[User:Carl6087|Carl6087]] |[[Special:Contributions/Carl6087|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |88 |[[User:Prof.kazeem shinfida|Prof.kazeem shinfida]] |[[Special:Contributions/Prof.kazeem shinfida|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |89 |[[User:Lawal Kabir|Lawal Kabir]] |[[Special:Contributions/Lawal Kabir|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |90 |[[User:Garba Hassan|Garba Hassan]] |[[Special:Contributions/Garba Hassan|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |91 |[[User:Salisu Murtala|Salisu Murtala]] |[[Special:Contributions/Salisu Murtala|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |92 |[[User:Gaurav Verma 7899|Gaurav Verma 7899]] |[[Special:Contributions/Gaurav Verma 7899|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |93 |[[User:Mati Sani|Mati Sani]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mati Sani|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |94 |[[User:Bishir Yau|Bishir Yau]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bishir Yau|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |95 |[[User:Yusuf Shehu|Yusuf Shehu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yusuf Shehu|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |96 |[[User:Danalhaji12|Danalhaji12]] |[[Special:Contributions/Danalhaji12|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |97 |[[User:NextWeekEastLynneO2|NextWeekEastLynneO2]] |[[Special:Contributions/NextWeekEastLynneO2|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |98 |[[User:Batuntuma|Batuntuma]] |[[Special:Contributions/Batuntuma|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |99 |[[User:Amisog20|Amisog20]] |[[Special:Contributions/Amisog20|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |100 |[[User:Scottyoak2|Scottyoak2]] |[[Special:Contributions/Scottyoak2|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |101 |[[User:AKlapper (WMF)|AKlapper (WMF)]] |[[Special:Contributions/AKlapper (WMF)|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |102 |[[User:Philipnelson99|Philipnelson99]] |[[Special:Contributions/Philipnelson99|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |103 |[[User:Aleks-ger|Aleks-ger]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aleks-ger|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |104 |[[User:Tunyk|Tunyk]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tunyk|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |105 |[[User:Da Michl|Da Michl]] |[[Special:Contributions/Da Michl|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |106 |[[User:Erpagitheeditor|Erpagitheeditor]] |[[Special:Contributions/Erpagitheeditor|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |} si7t4pem1izspgl4ds84i6emlhalnpb 0 22141 824110 813806 2026-04-22T09:42:24Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara mukala}} {{databox}} [[File:Coca-Cola_car_Curitiba.jpg |thumb| Wata motar kamfanin a Brazil]] [[File:Mh_RHB_gt12_ganzreklame_cocacola.jpg |thumb| Tambarin kamfanin da akayi ado da shi a jikin wani jirgin Kasa]] [[File:Coca-Cola Life Logo.png|thumb]] [[File:Coca Cola Life Cans.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Coca-Cola peach 280ml bottle-front PNr°0880.jpg|thumb|hoton coca cola]] [[Fayil:Coca Cola Zero 1L Sense Sucre Cara B.jpg|thumb|Coca-cola]] Kamfanin '''Coca-Cola''' wani kamfanin kayan ruwa na shaye-shaye ne na ƙasashe daban daban na Amurka wanda aka kafa a ƙarƙashin Dokar Janar,ta Kamfanin Delaware kuma tana da hedkwata a [[Atlanta]], Georgia.<ref>Elmore, 2013, p. 717</ref> Kamfanin Coca-Cola yana da bukatu a cikin masana'antu, sayarwa, da tallan abubuwan sha da giya,da ruwan sha. Kamfanin ya samar da Coca-Cola, wanda aka kirkira a cikin shekara ta 1886 daga masanin magunguna John Stith Pemberton.<ref>"Coca-Cola". ''Fortune''. Retrieved June 9, 2024</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1889, an siyar da dabara da alama $ 2,300 (kimanin dala 67,000 a yau) ga Asa Griggs Candler, Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List". ya kafa Kamfanin Coca-Cola a Atlanta a shekara ta 1892.<ref>Best Global Brands - The 100 Most Valuable Global Brands". ''Interbrand''. Retrieved June 9, 2024.</ref> Kamfanin ya kuma yi amfani da tsarin rarraba kamfani tun shekara ta 1889. Kamfanin yafi samar da ruwan sanyi, wanda daga nan ake sayar dashi ga wasu kwalban kwalba a duk faɗin duniya waɗanda ke rike da yankuna na musamman.<ref>Eschner, Kat (March 29, 2017). "Coca-Cola's Creator Said the Drink Would Make You Smarter". ''Smithsonian Magazine''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2019. <q>So Pemberton concocted a recipe using coca leaves, kola nuts and sugar syrup. "His new product debuted in 1886: 'Coca-Cola: The temperance drink,'" writes Hamblin.</q></ref> Kamfanin yana da man gorar kwalba a Arewacin Amurka, Coca-Cola Refreshments. An kuma lissafa hajojin kamfanin a kan NYSE kuma wani bangare ne na DJIA da alamun S&P 500 da S&P 100.<ref>Greenwood, Veronique (September 23, 2016). "The little-known nut that gave Coca-Cola its name". ''BBC''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2023.</ref>Kamfanin Coca-Cola shine kamfanin samar da shara na roba a duniya.<ref>Ivana Kottasova (February 18, 2014). "Does formula mystery help keep Coke afloat?". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on March 21, 2022. Retrieved March 21, 2022.</ref> edit == Mazarta==Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List". == == Tarihi == A watan Yulin shekarata alif 1886, masanin harhada magunguna John Stith Pemberton daga Columbus, <ref>Richard Gardiner, "The Civil War Origin of Coca-Cola in Columbus, Georgia," ''Muscogiana: Journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society'' (Spring 2012), Vol. 23: 21–24.</ref>Georgia ya kirkiri ainihin abin shan Coca-Cola, wanda aka tallata a matsayin taimako ga saukin ciwon kai,<ref>"Coca-Cola Inventor was Local Pharmacist". ''Columbus Ledger''. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2011.</ref> <ref>"Columbus helped make Coke's success". ''Columbus Ledger-Enquirer''. March 27, 2011. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2012.</ref><ref>Patent Office, United States (1886). ''Annual Report of the Patent Office, 1885''. Archived from the original on April 23, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2014.</ref><ref>"pemberton_1.jpg". Archived from the original on September 8, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2014 – via columbusstate.edu.</ref>don sanya shi da farko sayarwa a shagunan sayar da magani a matsayin abin sha na magani, Pemberton ya ci gaba da haɗuwa da gwaje-gwaje kuma ya isa Burinsa a cikin watan Mayu, sabon samfurin wanda har yanzu ba a ambata sunansa ba ko abin sha mai kanshi,<ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. p. 25. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref> an shirya shi don kasuwa kuma an samar dashi don sayarwa. An yaba wa marubucin littafin Pemberton, Frank M. Robinson da sanya sunan samfurin da kuma ƙirƙirar tambarinsa. <ref>Blanding, Michael (2010). ''The Coke machine : the dirty truth behind the world's favorite soft drink''. New York: Avery. pp. 14. ISBN <bdi>9781583334065</bdi>. OCLC 535490831.</ref>Robinson ya zabi sunan Coca-Cola ne saboda manyan abubuwan hada shi guda biyu (ganyen coca da goro kola) kuma saboda yana kama da hadin baki. John Pemberton ya huta kuma ya bar Robinson don yinwa da hadaka, tare da sayar da Coca-Cola shi kadai. Ya inganta abin sha tare da iyakantaccen kasafin kuɗin da yake dashi, kuma yayi nasara.<ref>"Spanish town claims origins of Coca-Cola". ''USA Today''. Archived from the original on March 2, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.</ref><ref>Montón, Lorena (September 18, 2024). "El origen español de la Coca-Cola es real". ''RTVE'' (in Spanish). Retrieved September 21, 2024.</ref> [[Fayil:222mL Can of Coca-Cola Y3000.jpg|thumb|Coca-cola]] A cikin shekara ta alif dubu daya da Dari takwas da tamanin da Tara (1889),<ref>Hayes, Jack. "Coca-Cola Television Advertisements: Dr. John S. Pemberton". ''Nation's Restaurant News''. Archived from the original on January 6, 2007. Retrieved January 21, 2007.</ref> wani Ba'amurke dan kasuwa Asa Griggs Candler ya kuma kammala siyan samfurin Coca-Cola da alama daga magadan Pemberton.<ref>Eschner, Kat (March 29, 2017). "Coca-Cola's Creator Said the Drink Would Make You Smarter". ''Smithsonian Magazine''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2019. <q>So Pemberton concocted a recipe using coca leaves, kola nuts and sugar syrup. "His new product debuted in 1886: 'Coca-Cola: The temperance drink,'" writes Hamblin.</q></ref> Zuwa shekara ta alif dubu daya da Dari takwas casa'in da biyar (1895), ana sayar da Coca-Cola a kowace jiha a cikin gungiyar. A cikin shekara ta 1919, an siyar da kamfanin ga Ernest Woodruff's Trust Company of Georgia.<ref>Eschner, Kat (March 29, 2017). "Coca-Cola's Creator Said the Drink Would Make You Smarter". ''Smithsonian Magazine''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2019. <q>So Pemberton concocted a recipe using coca leaves, kola nuts and sugar syrup. "His new product debuted in 1886: 'Coca-Cola: The temperance drink,'" writes Hamblin.</q></ref> Tallan farko na Coca-Cola ya karanta <ref>Harford, Tim (May 11, 2007). "The Mystery of the 5-Cent Coca-Cola: Why it's so hard for companies to raise prices". ''Slate''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2007. Retrieved May 12, 2007.</ref>"Coca Cola. Mai dadi! Mai wartsakewa! Hiarfafawa! Varfafawa!" Candler na daya daga cikin businessan kasuwar da suka fara amfani da fataucin mutane a cikin<ref>Themes for Coca-Cola Advertising (1886–1999)". Archived from the original on March 3, 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2007.</ref>dabarun tallata shi. kimanin kashi 60% na kasuwar sa.<ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. p. 32. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref>Zuwa shekara ta alif dubu daya da Dari Tara da tamanin da hudu(1984), Kamfanin Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya ragu zuwa 21.8% saboda sabbin masu fafatawa, watau Pepsi<ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. p. 42. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref> === Samu === Coca-Cola ta sami Minute Maid a shekara ta 1960 akan adadin da ba a bayyana ba. A cikin shekarata dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da biyu (1982), <ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. pp. 44–45. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref>ta sami gidan kallon fina-finai na Columbia Hotuna kan dala miliyan 692. An sayar da Columbia ga Sony kan dala biliyan 3 a shekara ta 1989.<ref>Candler, Charles Howard (1950). ''Asa Griggs Candler''. Georgia: Emory University. p. 81.</ref> Kamfanin ya kuma sayi kamfanin Cola na Indiya mai suna Thums Up a cikin shekara ta (1993, )da Barq a shekara ta 1995.<ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. pp. 45–47. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref>A shekara ta 1999, Coca-Cola ta sayi kashi 50% na hannun jarin Inca Kola akan dala miliyan 200, daga baya ta mallaki kasuwancin kasashen ketare da kuma samar da ita. A shekara ta dubu biyu da daya (2001), ta sayi nau'ikan ruwan 'ya'yan itace, santsu, da sanduna na Odwalla na dala miliyan 181. Ya ba da sanarwar dakatar da Odwalla a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin (2020). A cikin shekara ta 2007, ta samo Fuze Beverage daga wanda ya kafa Lance Collins da Castanea Partners na kimanin dala miliyan 250.<ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. p. 46. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref> Ƙoƙarin da kamfanin ya yi a shekara ta( 2009 )na sayen kamfanin samar da ruwan 'yan kasar Sin Huiyuan Juice Group ya kare lokacin da China ta ki amincewa da tayin dala biliyan biyu da miliyan ɗari huɗu, a bisa dalilin kamfanin da ya haifar zai zama mallakinta ne kawai. Hakanan an yi tunanin kishin kasa a matsayin dalili na soke yarjejeniyar.<ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. p. 49. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref> A shekara ta (2011), ta sami ragowar hannun jarin a cikin Shayi na Gaskiya, bayan da ta sayi kashi arbain (40%) a shekara ta 2008 akan dala miliyan 43. <ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. pp. 48–49. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref>A shekara ta 2013, ta kammala sayen ZICO, kamfanin ruwan kwakwa. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, ta sami kashi 16.7% <ref>"This Day in Georgia History – Coca-Cola Sale Completed – GeorgiaInfo". ''usg.edu''. Archived from the original on November 15, 2016. Retrieved June 8, 2020.</ref><ref>Robert W. Woodruff (1889–1985)". ''New Georgia Encyclopedia''. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved June 8, 2020.</ref>(a halin yanzu kashi 19.36% saboda hannun jarin sayen jari) hannun jarin Monster Beverage na dala biliyan $ 2.15 tare da zaki don hadaka shi zuwa 25%, a matsayin wani bangare na hadin gwiwar dabarun dogon lokaci wanda ya hada da kasuwanci da rarrabawa kawance, da kuma sauya layin samfur. A shekarar 2015, kamfanin ya dauki karamin hannun jari a kamfanin kera ruwan sanyi, Suja Life LLC.<ref>Wood, Benjamin; Ruskin, Gary; Sacks, Gary (January 2020). "How Coca-Cola Shaped the International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health: An Analysis of Email Exchanges between 2012 and 2014". ''International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health''. '''17''' (23): 8996. doi:10.3390/ijerph17238996. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 7730322. <nowiki>PMID 33287097</nowiki>.</ref> A watan Disambar 2016, ta sayi yawancin ayyukan SABMiller na Coca-Cola. Kamfanin Coca-Cola yana da hannun jari na kashi 68.3% a cikin Kamfanin kwalba na Coca-Cola na Afirka. Hedkwatar Coca-Cola ta kwalba ta Afirka da ke [[Port Elizabeth]] Afirka ta Kudu. Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sami kashi 40% na hannun jari a Chi Ltd a ranar 30 ga Janairu, (2016). Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sami ragowar kashi 60% na kamfanin na Chi Ltd a ranar 30 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta 2019. A shekarar (2017), Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sayi ruwan sha mai haske na kasar Mexico mai suna Topo Chico.<ref>World of Coke exhibit shares story of forgotten 'Sprite Boy'". Archived from the original on April 2, 2023. Retrieved April 2, 2023.</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta (2018), ta amince ta sayi Kofin Kofi daga Whitbread kan £ 3.9bn. Samun ya rufe a ranar 3 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta 2019. A watan Agusta na shekara ta (2018), Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sayi Moxie kan wani adadin da ba a bayyana ba. A ranar 14 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta (2018), Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sanar da sha'awar tsiraru game da Jikin Jiki. A ranar 19 ga Satumba, (2018,) Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sami Organic & Raw Trading Co. Pty Ltd wanda ya kera MOJO Kombucha a Willunga, Ostiraliya. A ranar 5 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta (2018), Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sami kaso 22.5% a MADE Group daga masu kafa kamfanin guda uku: Luke Marget, Matt Dennis, da Brad Wilson. Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya mallaki kaso 30.8% a Coca-Cola Amatil Ltd; saboda haka, Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya mallaki karin hannun jari na 6.93% a cikin MADE Group ta hannun jarin mallakarsa a Coca-Cola Amatil Ltd.<ref>"Coca-Cola Enterprises : Our Story". Coca-Cola Enterprises. Archived from the original on April 17, 2015.</ref> == Haraji da Sayarwa == Dangane da rahoton shekara-shekara na Kamfanin Coca-Cola na shekarar 2005,<ref>Barbara Mikkelson and David P. Mikkelson, "The Claus That Refreshes," snopes.com, February 27, 2001. Retrieved June 10, 2005. Archived May 26, 2012, at archive.today</ref><ref>See George McKay 'Consumption, Coca-colonisation, cultural resistance – and Santa Claus' Archived April 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, in Sheila Whiteley, ed. (2008) ''Christmas, Ideology and Popular Culture''. Edinburgh University Press, pp. 50–70.</ref>ya sayar da kayayyakin sha a fiye da kasashe 200 a wannan shekaran Rahoton na (2005) ya ci gaba da cewa daga cikin abubuwan sha fiye da biliyan 50 na kowane nau'in da ake ci a duk duniya, yau da kullun, abubuwan sha masu alamar kasuwanci mallakar ko lasisi ga asusun Coca-Cola na kusan dala biliyan 1.5. Daga cikin wadannan, abubuwan sha masu alamar kasuwanci "Coca-Cola" ko "Coke" sun kai kusan kashi 78% na jiyawan galan da aka<ref>The White Rock Collectors Association, "Did White Rock or The Coca-Cola Company create the modern Santa Claus Advertisement? Archived December 13, 2021, at the Wayback Machine," whiterocking.org, 2001 . Retrieved January 19, 2007</ref><ref>White Rock Beverages, "Coca-Cola's Santa Claus: Not The Real Thing!," BevNET.com, December 18, 2006 . Retrieved January 19, 2007. Archived January 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine</ref> a sayar. A cikin shekara ta 2010, an ba da sanarwar cewa Coca-Cola ta zama alama ta farko da ta kai sama da fam biliyan 1 a siyar da kayan masarufi na Burtaniya na shekara-shekara.<ref>"Coke means Coca-Cola". Coca-Cola Conversations. June 16, 2008. Archived from the original on February 26, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2011.</ref> A cikin (2017), tallace-tallace na Coca-Cola ya ragu da kashi 11% daga shekarar da ta gabata saboda dandanon dandano na canzawa daga abubuwan sha.<ref>McKelvey, Steve M. (2006). "Coca-Cola vs. PepsiCo — A 'Super' Battleground for the Cola Wars?". ''Sport MarHeting Quarterly''. '''15''': 114–123. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.392.5206</ref> == Hannun Jari == Tun daga shekarar 1919, Coca-Cola kamfani ne na kasuwanci da jama'a. An jera hannun jarinsa a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta New York a karkashin alamar “KO”. Shareaya daga cikin hannun jarin da aka saya a 1919 akan $40, tare da duk ribar da aka sake samu, zai kai dala miliyan 9.8 a cikin 2012, an sami karuwar kashi 10.7% na shekara -shekara don hauhawar farashin kayayyaki. Wani bankin da ya gada na SunTrust ya karbi $ 100,000 don yin rubutacciyar sadaukarwar jama'a ta Coca-Cola ta 1919; bankin ya sayar da hannun jarin sama da dala biliyan biyu a (2012). A cikin 1987, Coca-Cola ya sake zama daya daga cikin hannun jari 30 wanda ya gunshi Matsayin Masana'antar Dow Jones, wanda galibi ana ambaton shi azaman wakili don aikin kasuwar hannun jari; a baya ta kasance hannun jari na Dow daga 1932 zuwa 1935. Coca-Cola ta biya rabon kudi tun daga 1920 kuma, kamar na 2019, yana hadaka ta kowace shekara tsawon shekaru 57 kai tsaye. == Ma'aikata da Masu Gudanarwa == Wadannan sunaye masu zuwa sune mahimman masu gudanarwa tun daga Yuli 2021 (ban da mukaman VP da shugabannin yanki) * James Quincey (Shugaban Hukumar kuma babban jami'in zartarwa) * Brian Smith (shugaban kasa da babban jami'in aiki) * Manuel Arroyo (babban jami'in talla) * Alfredo Rivera (Shugaban gungiya ta Arewacin Amirka) * Lisa Chang (babban jami'in jama'a) * Marcelo Boffi (shugaban, Kamfanin Bottling Investments Group) * Monica Howard Douglas (babban lauya) * Nancy Quan (babban jami'in fasaha) * Barry Simpson (babban jami'in watsa labarai) * Beatriz Perez (shugaban sadarwa, dorewa & hadin gwiwa dabarun) * John Murphy (babban jami'in kudi) * Giles Leclerc (Shugaban, The McDonald's Division) Wadannan sunaye masu zuwa duk daraktoci tunda daga watan Nuwamba 2016: * [[File:Muhtar Kent 2010.jpg|thumb]]Muhtar Kent * Herbert A. Allen Jr. * Ronald W. Allen * Marc Bolland * Ana Botin * Howard G. Buffett * Richard M. Daley * Barry Diller * Helene D. Gayle * Alexis M. Herman * Bobby Kotick * Mariya Elena Lagomasino * Sam Nuni * David B. Weinberg == Kayan Sha na Kwalba == Gabadaya, Kamfanin Coca-Cola da rassansa kawai suna samar da ruwan syrup, wanda daga nan ake sayar da shi ga kwalba daban-daban a duk duniya wadanda ke rike da ikon mallakar Coca-Cola na gida. Masu shaye-shayen Coca-Cola, wadanda ke rike da kwangilolin kebabbu na yanki tare da kamfanin, suna samar da samfuran da aka gama a cikin gwangwani da kwalabe daga mai da hankali, a hade tare da tsaftataccen ruwa da kayan zaki. Daga nan sai kwalaben su sayar, rarraba, da sayar da kayan Coca-Cola ga shagunan sayar da kayayyaki, injinan siyarwa, gidajen abinci, da masu rarraba sabis na abinci. A wajen Amurka, wadannan kwalaben kuma suna sarrafa kasuwancin kayan marmari. Tun daga shekarun 1980, kamfanin ya ba da himma sosai wajen karfafa dunkulewar kwalba, tare da kamfanin galibi yana da hannun jari na wadannan "kwalaben anga." === Wajen Arewacin Amurka === Manyan kayan kwalba na kamfanin da suke a wajen Arewacin Amurka sune: * Coca-Cola Europacific Partners PLC, based in the United Kingdom (western Europe) (Company owns 19.36%) * National Beverage Company Sal, basedin Beirut, Lebanon * International Beverages Pvt. Ltd., based in Bangladesh (Fully owned subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company) * Coca-Cola Bottling Shqipëria, based in Albania * Coca-Cola Beverages Philippines, based in the Philippines (fully owned subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company) * Coca-Cola FEMSA, based in Mexico (Mexico, Argentina, [[Brazil]], Colombia, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Uruguay and Venezuela) (Company owns 27.8%) * Arca Continental, also based in Mexico (parts of Mexico and Latin America and in US under Coca-Cola Southwest Beverages LLC in the state of Texas and parts of New Mexico, Oklahoma and Arkansas ) (independent) * Embotelladora Andina S.A, based in Chile (southern South America) (Company owns 14.7% of series A common stock outstanding & 14.7% of series B common stock outstanding) * Coca-Cola Beverages Africa, based in Port Elizabeth, South Africa (southern and eastern Africa) (company owns 68.3%) * Coca-Cola Beverages Korea, based in South Korea (independent; owned by LG Household & Health Care) * Coca-Cola HBC AG, originally based in Greece but now located in Switzerland (Greece, Ireland, Eastern Europe, Russia, and Nigeria) (Company owns 23.2%) * Coca-Cola Icecek Based in Turkey (Turkey, South West Asia, Arabia) (Company owns 20.1%) * Swire, based in Hong Kong (China, Taiwan, Hong Kong) (independent) * Kirin Company, based in Japan (independent) * Coca-Cola Bottlers Japan (through a holding company, Company owns 16.3%) * PT Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia (Company owns 29.4%) (Coca-Cola Amatil ltd owns 70.6%) * Coca-Cola Bottlers Uzbekistan (Company owns 42.9%) === Acikin Kasar Amurka === A cikin Amurka, kamfanin yana tsallake kwalba ta hanyar kera da siyar da ruwan sihirin kai tsaye ga dillalan kayan marmari da aka ba da izini da wasu dillalan kayan marmari. Tun daga shekarar 2014, bayan siyan kadarorin Arewacin Amurka na Coca-Cola Enterprises, kamfanin kai tsaye ya mallaki 100% na Coca-Cola Refreshments, jigon kwalba na samfuran Coca-Cola a Arewacin Amurka, wanda ke wakiltar kusan 90% na Canada da 80% na kasar Amirka. Sauran manyan masu kayan kwalba a Amurka sune: * Coca-Cola Consolidated, based in Charlotte, North Carolina (company owns 34.8%) * Coca-Cola Beverages Northeast based in Bedford, New Hampshire, and owned by Kirin Company * Coca-Cola Bottling Company United, based in Birmingham, Alabama (independent) * Swire Coca-Cola USA, based in Salt Lake City, Utah and owned by Swire Group A watan Satumba na 2015, kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar sayar da tsirrai da yankuna da dama ga Swire, Consolidated, da United, da ƙirƙirar Coca-Cola National Supply System wanda ke sarrafa 95% na yankin a Amurka. == Dangantakar abokin ciniki da sa hannun jama'a == Bayan Martin Luther King, Jr. ya lashe lambar yabo ta Nobel ta zaman l(afiya ta 1964, shirye-shiryen bukin cin abinci na kabilanci a cikin Atlanta da har yanzu ba a raba shi ba da farko mashahuran 'yan kasuwa na birnin sun tallafa sosai har Coca-Cola ta shiga tsakani. J. Paul Austin, shugaban kuma Shugaba na Coca-Cola, da Magajin gari Ivan Allen ya kira manyan shugabannin kasuwancin Atlanta zuwa ɗakin cin abinci na bene na goma sha takwas, inda Austin ya gaya musu dalla-dalla, 'Abin kunya ne a sami Coca-Cola a garin da ya ki karrama wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel. Mu kasuwanci ne na duniya. Kamfanin Coca-Cola baya buƙatar Atlanta. Duk kuna buƙatar yanke shawara ko Atlanta tana buƙatar Kamfanin Coca-Cola. ' A cikin awanni biyu na ƙarshen wannan taron, an sayar da kowane tikitin cin abincin dare. -Andrew Young. A cikin shekara ta 2012 duka, Coca-Cola ya ba da gudummawar $1,700,500 zuwa wani kamfen na siyasa na dala miliyan 46 da aka sani da "The Coalition Against The Costed Food Labeling Producation, wanda Manoma da Masu Samar da Abinci suka dauki nauyinsa". An kafa wannan ƙungiya don adawa da yunƙurin ɗan ƙasa, wanda aka sani da Shawara ta 37, yana buƙatar laƙabin laƙabin abinci mai ɗauke da abubuwan da aka gyara na asali. A cikin shekarar 2012, an jera Coca-Cola a matsayin abokin kamfen na (RED), tare da wasu samfura kamar Nike, Girl, American Express, da Converse. Manufar kamfen ɗin ita ce hana watsa kwayar cutar kanjamau daga uwa zuwa yaro kafin shekarar 2015 (jigon kamfen ɗin shine "Yaƙi don Samar da Cutar Kanjamau"). == Samar da filastik da sharar gida == Kamfanin Coca-Cola shine babban mai samar da dattin filastik a duniya, tsawon shekaru biyu a jere yana samar da fiye da tan miliyan 3 na kunshin filastik a kowace shekara gami da kwalaben filastik biliyan 110. Babban jami’in kamfanin na duniya ya yarda cewa Coca-Cola ba ta da niyyar rage amfani da kwalaben roba; a zahiri, kamfanin ya yi "kokari cikin nutsuwa" don rage adadin dattin filastik da yake samarwa, wani bangare ta hanyar adawa da dokar lissafin kwalba. Shugaban dindindin Bea Perez ya ce za su ci gaba da amfani da filastik, suna masu cewa "abokan ciniki kamar su saboda sun real kuma suna da nauyi ”. == Masu suka == Tun farkon shekarun 2000, sukar da ake yi kan amfani da kayayyakin Coca-Cola gami da kamfanin da kanta, ya karu tare da damuwa kan illolin kiwon lafiya, lamuran muhalli, gwajin dabbobi, ayyukan kasuwanci na tattalin arziki da batutuwan ma'aikata. Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya fuskanci shari'o'i da yawa game da waɗannan sukar daban-daban. == Tallace-Tallace == [[File:Coca-Cola advertisement tents at Taipei Dragon Boat Festival 20170530b.jpg|thumb]] Tallace-tallace na Coca-Cola ya kasance "cikin mafi ƙima a cikin tarihin tallan tallace-tallace," tare da sananne kuma babban tasiri akan shahararrun al'adu da al'umma gaba ɗaya. Coca-Cola tana talla ta hanyar tallan kai tsaye, kafofin watsa labarai na yanar gizo, kafofin watsa labarun, saƙon rubutu, da tallan tallace-tallace. Kamfanin yana kuma yin tallace -tallace ta hanyar tallan wayar salula a cikin sakonnin rubutu, misali. kamfen na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Haɗin fan ya kai miliyan 86 a duk duniya a duk tashoshin kafofin watsa labarun: hulɗar kan layi, da abubuwan zamantakewa, al'adu, ko wasanni. A cikin wurin siyarwar, manyan motocin isar da kayan shaye -shaye kai tsaye (tallan wayar hannu) da wurin masu sanyaya siyarwa da injinan siyarwa suna da tambarin ja mai haske. Dangane da hidimar abinci, Coca-Cola shawara ce ta haɗa abinci wanda yanzu ya zama tushen abinci, alal misali, don popcorn, burgers, soyayyen, da karen kare mai zafi. == Samfura da Bugawa == Tun daga shekarar 2020, Kamfanin Coca-Cola yana ba da samfura sama da 500 a cikin ƙasashe sama da 200. A watan Satumba na 2020, kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai yanke fiye da rabin samfuran sa, sakamakon tasirin tattalin arziƙin da cutar ta COVID-19 ta haifar. === Kadarorin da ba abinci ba === ==== Hotunan Columbia ==== Coca-Cola ya sayi Hotunan Columbia a cikin 1982, saboda ƙarancin darajar ɗakin ɗakin studio. Kamfanin fina-finai shi ne studio na farko kuma kaɗai da Coca-Cola ta mallaka. A lokacin mallakar ɗakin, Columbia ta saki shahararrun fina -finai da suka haɗa da Ghostbusters, Stripes, The Karate Kid, da wasu wasu. Koyaya, shekaru biyu bayan gazawa da gazawar kasuwanci na fim ɗin Ishtar na 1987, Columbia ta ɓace sannan aka sayar da ita ga Sony a Tokyo a 1989. ==== Duniyar Coca-Cola ==== Coca-Cola tana aiki da abin sha mai taushi mai jan hankali na yawon shakatawa a Atlanta, Jojiya; Duniyar Coca-Cola baje kolin abubuwa da yawa. Yana nuna samfuran dandano da gidan kayan tarihi, tare da wurare a Las Vegas, Nevada, da Lake Buena Vista, Florida. === Alamu === ==== Sauran abubuwan sha ==== Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya kuma samar da wasu sauran abubuwan sha masu taushi ciki har da Fanta (wanda aka gabatar da shi kusan 1941) da Sprite. Asalin Fanta ya samo asali ne tun lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a lokacin takunkumin kasuwanci kan Jamus akan ruwan sila, wanda hakan yasa ba zai yiwu a sayar da Coca-Cola a Jamus ba. Max Keith, shugaban ofishin Jamus na Coca-Cola a lokacin yaƙin, ya yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar sabon samfuri don kasuwar Jamus, wanda aka yi kawai daga samfuran da ke cikin Jamus a lokacin, wanda suka sanya wa suna Fanta. Abin sha ya zama abin bugawa, kuma lokacin da Coke ya sake komawa bayan yaƙin, ya karɓi alamar Fanta. Fanta asalinsa abin sha ne mai ɗanɗano mai ruwan lemu wanda zai iya zuwa cikin kwalaben filastik ko gwangwani. Ya kasance yana samuwa a cikin dandano daban -daban yanzu kamar innabi, peach, innabi, apple, abarba, da strawberry. A cikin 1961, Coca-Cola ya gabatar da Sprite, abin sha mai laushi na lemun tsami, wani daga cikin masu siyar da kamfani da martanin sa zuwa 7 Up. Tab shine ƙoƙarin Coca-Cola na farko don haɓaka abin sha mai laushi, ta amfani da saccharin azaman madadin sukari. An gabatar da shi a 1963, an sayar da samfurin har zuwa faduwar 2020, kodayake tallace -tallace ya ragu tun lokacin gabatar da Diet Coke. Coca-Cola Afirka ta Kudu kuma ta saki Valpre Bottled "har yanzu" da "Mai kyalkyali" ruwa. A cikin 1969, kamfanin ya fitar da Simba, wanda shine abin shan Mountain Dew, kuma yana da fakiti wanda ke da hamada na Afirka, cike da Zakin Afirka a matsayin alamar alama. Alamar taken ita ce "Simba - Tana Kayar da Ƙishirwar Afirka." Hakanan a cikin 1969, kamfanin ya fitar da layin samfura a ƙarƙashin sunan Santiba, wanda aka yi niyya don haɗa hadaddiyar giyar da amfani da ƙungiya, samfuran da suka haɗa da ruwan Quinine da Ginger Ale. Kamar Simba da aka ambata a sama, layin Santiba na samfuran bai daɗe ba a kasuwa. ==== Abokin-Kari ==== Ba a ƙera shi ba, Coca-Cola BreakMate ya kasance mai ɗanɗano ɗanɗano uku da Coca-Cola da Siemens suka gabatar a 1988. An yi niyyar amfani da shi a ofisoshi tare da mutane biyar zuwa hamsin, sashinsa mai sanyi ya riƙe kwantena filastik guda uku guda ɗaya. na soda syrup da tankin CO2. Kamar maɓuɓɓugar soda, ya gauraye syrup a cikin rabo 1: 5 tare da ruwan carbonated. A Arewacin Amurka, Coca-Cola ta dakatar da sassan BreakMate a 2007 kuma ta daina rarraba syrup a 2010. ==== Abin sha mai kara lafiya ==== A cikin shekarun 1990s, kamfanin ya mayar da martani ga karuwar masu amfani da shaye-shaye masu lafiya ta hanyar gabatar da sabbin samfuran abubuwan sha marasa carbonated. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Minute Maid Juices to Go, Powerade sports sports, Nestea shayi mai ɗanɗano (a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Nestlé), Fruitopia abin sha, da ruwan Dasani, da sauransu. A cikin 2001, ƙungiyar Minute Maid ta ƙaddamar da Simply Orange iri na juices ciki har da ruwan lemu. A cikin 2016, Coca-Cola Indiya ta gabatar da Vio don shiga cikin rukunin madara mai ƙima. Samfurin yana kafa harsashin sabon sashin Coca-Cola bayan abubuwan sha, ruwa da juices. A cikin 2004, wataƙila don mayar da martani ga ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan abinci mai ƙarancin carbohydrate kamar abincin Atkins, Coca-Cola ta ba da sanarwar niyyarta ta haɓaka da siyar da madaidaicin carbohydrate zuwa Coke Classic, wanda aka yiwa lakabi da C2 Cola. C2 ya ƙunshi cakuda babban fructose masara syrup, aspartame, sucralose, da potassium Acesulfame. An tsara C2 don yin kwaikwayon ɗanɗano na Coca-Cola Classic. Ko da tare da ƙasa da rabin kuzarin abinci da carbohydrates na madaidaicin abin sha mai laushi, C2 ba shine maye gurbin abin sha mai kalori mai ƙima kamar Diet Coke. C2 ya ci gaba da siyarwa a Amurka a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2004, kuma a Kanada a watan Agusta 2004; an maye gurbinsa a 2013 ta Coca-Cola Life. Farawa daga 2009, Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya saka hannun jari a Innocent Drinks, da farko tare da ƙaramin gungumen azaba, yana ƙaruwa zuwa 90% a farkon kwata na 2013. A cikin Mayu 2014 lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da Finley, abin sha mai daɗin ɗanɗano mai 'ya'yan itace, a Faransa. An ƙaddamar da shi a wasu ƙasashe daga baya, ciki har da Belgium da Luxembourg a cikin Satumba 2014. Coca-Cola ya fara haɓaka abin sha a Belgium a 2001. Tun daga 2014, abin sha an yi niyya ne ga manya, kuma yana da ƙarancin sukari tare da dandano huɗu. ==== Siyarwan da yafi kyau ==== [[File:Coca-Cola-truck-Peterbilt.jpg|thumb]] Coca-Cola shine abin sha mafi siyarwa a cikin yawancin ƙasashe, kuma an gane shi a matsayin lamba ta ɗaya a duniya a 2010. Yayin da Gabas ta Tsakiya ke ɗaya daga cikin yankuna kaɗan na duniya inda Coca-Cola ba shine abin sha na farko ba, Coca-Cola tana riƙe kusan kashi 25% na kasuwar (zuwa kashi 75% na Pepsi) kuma tana da ci gaba mai lamba biyu a 2003. Hakazalika, a Scotland, inda Irn-Bru da ake samarwa a cikin gida ya kasance mafi shahara, alkaluman 2005 sun nuna cewa duka Coca-Cola da Diet Coke sun fi Irn-Bru girma. A Peru, Inca Kola na asali ya shahara fiye da Coca-Cola, wanda hakan ya sa Coca-Cola ta shiga tattaunawa da kamfanin abin sha mai laushi kuma ta sayi kashi 50% na hannun jarin ta. A Japan, mafi kyawun sayar da abin sha mai taushi ba cola bane, kamar yadda (gwangwani) shayi da kofi suka fi shahara. Don haka, mafi kyawun alamar Kamfanin Coca-Cola babu Coca-Cola, amma Georgia. A watan Mayun 2016, Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya dakatar da samar da abin sa hannu a Venezuela saboda karancin sukari. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Kamfanin Coca-Cola yana amfani da "ƙaramin ƙera albarkatun ƙasa" don yin sa hannunsu a shaye-shaye guda biyu a Venezuela. ==== Bayani ==== A ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2006, an kama wani ma'aikacin Coca-Cola da wasu mutane biyu da tuhuma kan kokarin sayar da bayanan sirrin kasuwanci ga mai yin gasa abin sha mai laushi PepsiCo kan dala miliyan 1.5. Girke-girke na Coca-Cola, wataƙila sirrin da kamfanin ya fi kula da shi, bai taɓa yin haɗari ba; a maimakon haka, bayanin yana da alaƙa da sabon abin sha a cikin ci gaba. Shugabannin Coca-Cola sun tabbatar da cewa takardun sirrin cinikayyar da ake magana da su gaskiya ne kuma mallakar kamfanin ne. Takardun kotun sun ce an bayar da akalla gilashin gilashi guda daya dauke da samfurin sabon abin sha. Kamfanin PepsiCo ne ya tona asirin wannan makirci, wanda ya sanar da hukumomi lokacin da maharan suka tunkare shi. ==== Green tea ==== Kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar sabon "kalori mara kyau" abin sha na koren shayi, Enviga, a cikin 2006, tare da ƙoƙarin dabarun sayar da kofi Far Coast da Chaqwa. ==== Glaceau ==== A ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2007, Coca-Cola ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta sayi Glaceau, mai kera abubuwan sha masu haɓaka bitamin (ruwan bitamin), ruwan daɗaɗɗa, da abubuwan ƙona makamashi, akan dala biliyan 4.1 a tsabar kuɗi. ==== Huiyuan Juice ==== A ranar 3 ga Satumba, 2008, Coca-Cola ta sanar da aniyarta ta yin tayin kuɗi don siyan China Huiyuan Juice Group Limited (wanda ke da kashi 42% na kasuwar ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai tsami) na $ 2.4bn (HK $ 12.20 a kowane rabon). Ma'aikatar cinikayya ta kasar Sin ta toshe yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Maris, 2009, tana mai cewa yarjejeniyar za ta cutar da kananan kamfanonin ruwan 'ya'yan itace na cikin gida, da za ta iya kara farashin kasuwar ruwan' ya'yan itace, da takaita zabin masu amfani. ==== Coke na Karamin Gwangwanin ==== A watan Oktoban 2009, Coca-Cola ya bayyana sabon ƙaramin kalori mai kalori 90 wanda ke ɗauke da oza na ruwa 7.5. Ana iya siyar da ƙaramin ƙarami a cikin fakiti 8. Duk da kashe kusan kashi 30 cikin ɗari na kowane oda, ƙaramin gwangwani ya sadu da adadi mai kyau na tallace -tallace. ==== Gwangwanin zuwa Hutu ==== A watan Nuwamba na 2011, Coca-Cola ya bayyana wani tsari na yanayi don gwangwani na Coke na yau da kullun a zaman wani haɗin gwiwa tare da Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya. Koyaya, an cire shi wata ɗaya kacal bayan sakin saboda korafin mabukaci game da irin wannan kallon na gwangwani na azurfa da aka saba amfani da su don Diet Coke. Akwai kuma korafi game da karkacewa daga jajaye na gargajiya kamar launi na gwangwani na Coca-Cola a baya. ==== Dama a cikin abin sha mai suna Monster ==== An ba da sanarwar a ranar 14 ga Agusta, 2014, cewa Coca-Cola Co tana biyan kuɗin dalar Amurka biliyan 2.15 don hannun jarin kashi 16.7 na kamfanin Monster Beverage Corp don faɗaɗa kasuwa don shaye-shayen makamashi. Mallakar Coke a cikin Full Throttle and Burn za a canza shi zuwa Monster. Maimakon haka, Monster zai canza ikon mallakar sa a cikin Hansen's Natural Sodas da Peace Iced Tea da Blue Sky Soda zuwa Kamfanin Coca-Cola. Muhtar Kent, tsohon babban jami'in gudanarwa na Coke, ya bayyana cewa kamfanin yana da zabin kara hannun jarinsa zuwa kashi 25 amma ba zai iya wuce wannan kaso a cikin shekaru hudu masu zuwa ba. Sakamakon raba hannun jarin da kwamitin daraktocin kamfanin Monster Beverage Corporation ya yi, hannun jarin Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya karu zuwa kashi 19.36% 102121602. ==== Abin sha mai Bugarwa ==== A cikin 2021, Coca-Cola Co ta yi amfani da alamar ruwan ma'adinai na Mexico mai suna Topo Chico don ƙaddamar da kewayon masu siyar da kayan maye masu ƙarfi a cikin Ingila da Amurka. == Daukan Nauyi == Kudin talla na Coca-Cola ya kai dala biliyan 3.256 a shekarar 2011. === Wasanni === Coca-Cola ta dauki nauyin gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Ingila daga farkon kakar 2004-05 (farkon Agusta 2004) zuwa farkon kakar 2010/11, lokacin da Kungiyar Kwallon kafa ta maye gurbin ta da NPower. Cola ya ɗauki nauyin sansanin ƙwallon ƙafa na Coca-Cola, wanda ya gudana a Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu yayin gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2010, lokacin da ɗaruruwan matasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya suka sami damar haɗuwa tare da raba kaunar wasan, wani ɓangare saboda Mafi kyawun Sayi ƙoƙarin ta hanyar shirin su na @15. Sauran manyan tallafin sun haɗa da AFL, NHRA, NASCAR, PGA Tour, NCAA Championships, Wasannin Olympics, NRL, FIFA World Cup, Premier League da UEFA European Championships. Kamfanin ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Panini don samar da kundin kwali na kwatankwacin kwatankwacin gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2006, kuma sun yi haɗin gwiwa don kowane Kofin Duniya tun. Kowace faɗuwa, Coca-Cola shine mai tallafawa Gasar TOUR ta Coca-Cola da aka gudanar a Gabashin Golf Golf Club a Atlanta, Georgia. Gasar yawon shakatawa ita ce lokacin ƙare gasar PGA Tour. A cikin Filipinas, tana da ƙungiya a cikin Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Philippine, Powerade Tigers A cikin 2017, Major League Baseball ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru da yawa tare da Coca-Cola don zama abin sha mai laushi, wanda ya maye gurbin Pepsi. Ƙungiyoyin MLB goma sha takwas (Los Angeles Angels, Houston Astros, Toronto Blue Jays, Atlanta Braves, St. Louis Cardinals, Los Angeles Dodgers, San Francisco Giants, New York Mets, Washington Nationals, San Diego Padres, Philadelphia Phillies, Pittsburgh Pirates, Texas Rangers , Tampa Bay Rays, Cincinnati Reds, Boston Red Sox, Rockies na Colorado da Chicago White Sox) suna da kayayyakin Coca-Cola da aka sayar a wuraren wasanninsu. Tun lokacin kakar 2019 shine mai tallafawa taken Uzbekistan Super League a ƙwallon ƙafa, kuma a hukumance ana kiran wannan gasar Coca-Cola Uzbekistan Super League. Coca-Cola ta kuma dauki nauyin gasar Overwatch league tun kakar wasa ta biyu. Sun kuma tallafawa duk manyan wasannin gasa na Overwatch kamar gasar cin kofin duniya. A watan Fabrairu 2020, Coca-Cola ta zama mai tallafawa taken jerin eNASCAR iRacing. A watan Oktoba 2018, Coca-Cola ya fara ɗaukar nauyin ƙungiyar Formula 1 McLaren tare da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara 1 da yawa tun daga lokacin. === Talabijin === Kamfanin ya ɗauki nauyin shahararren jerin waƙoƙin-gasar Fox Id American Idol daga 2002 zuwa 2014. Coca-Cola ya kasance mai daukar nauyin wasan kwaikwayo na dare a PBS, Charlie Rose a Amurka. Coca-Cola kuma babban mai samarwa ne na Coke Studio (Pakistan). Fassara ce ta fara a Brazil, MTV Brasil ta watsa shi kuma akwai gyare -gyare iri -iri na Coke Studio kamar Coke Studio (Indiya) da Coke Studio (Afirka). === Gidajen shakatawa === Duk da cewa ba lallai bane yana da haƙƙin suna ga kowane abu a duk wuraren, kamfanin yana tallafawa kuma yana ba da abubuwan sha a wuraren shakatawa da yawa, galibi cikin iyawa ta musamman. Wannan ya haɗa da Walt Disney Parks da Resorts, Merlin Entertainment, Universal Parks & Resorts, Tutoci shida, Cedar Fair, da SeaWorld Entertainment waɗanda shida ne daga cikin manyan mashahuran wuraren shakatawa na duniya guda tara (ba a sani ba ko OCT Parks China, the Rukunin Chimelong, ko Fantawild, na huɗu, na bakwai, da na takwas mafi girman masu gudanar da filin shakatawa bi da bi, suna amfani da Coca-Cola). Har ila yau kamfanin yana tallafawa kai tsaye, tare da haƙƙin suna, Coca-Cola London Eye da Coca-Cola Orlando Eye. Har ila yau kamfanin yana gudanar da cibiyoyin baƙi na "Coca-Cola" a Isra'ila, Belgium da Turkiyya. = Yadda sunan Coca-Cola ya samo asali = 27 Satumba 2016 '''Mai yiwuwa ka taba jin cewa lemon Coca-Cola na dauke da wasu sinadarai wadanda ke iya sa mutune su riƙa matuƙar sha'awar shan sa: wato hodar iblis.'''<ref>BBC</ref> Sunan Coca ya samo asali ne daga ganyen coca inda mutumin daya ƙirkiro lemon John Pemberton, dake sayar da magunguna a birnin Atlanta ya hada ganyen goro da ruwan sukari. A wancan lokacin a farkon ƙarni a 19, an saba harhada ganyen coca da giya kuma dubarar Pemberton wajen hada sukari wata hanya ce ta kaucewa dokoki da suka haramta sayar da barasa. Amma a bangare guda kuma sunan yana nufin sauran kayayyaki da ba'a san su ba amma kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai- wato goro. ɓawon goron idan baka taɓa gani bai kai tsawon inci biyu ba kuma launin shudi ne. Cikin sa yana yin jajaja, ko kuma fari-fari. A ƙasashen yammacin Afrika, masu cin goro sun maida shi wani abu da ke ƙara musu kuzari. Saboda ƙwallon ya na dauke da sinarin caffeine da theobromine, wadanda ake samu a ganyen gahawa da kuma chakulan.<ref>Bbc</ref> == Manazarta == </https://www.worldofcoca-cola.com/> </https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/private-ngo-partners/delivery-innovation/coca-cola/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104224455/https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/private-ngo-partners/delivery-innovation/coca-cola/ |date=2021-11-04 }}\> </https://www.coca-colacompany.com\> <\https://m.youtube.com/user/CocaColaCo?reload=9&skip_registered_account_check=true&noapp=1\> abykwozwtib5rgrwgnwy3ogwhvt15uz 824111 824110 2026-04-22T09:42:38Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara mukala}} {{databox}} [[File:Coca-Cola_car_Curitiba.jpg |thumb| Wata motar kamfanin a Brazil]] [[File:Mh_RHB_gt12_ganzreklame_cocacola.jpg |thumb| Tambarin kamfanin da akayi ado da shi a jikin wani jirgin Kasa]] [[File:Coca-Cola Life Logo.png|thumb]] [[File:Coca Cola Life Cans.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Coca-Cola peach 280ml bottle-front PNr°0880.jpg|thumb|hoton coca cola]] [[Fayil:Coca Cola Zero 1L Sense Sucre Cara B.jpg|thumb|Coca-cola]] Kamfanin '''Coca-Cola''' wani kamfanin kayan ruwa na shaye-shaye ne na ƙasashe daban daban na Amurka wanda aka kafa a ƙarƙashin Dokar Janar,ta Kamfanin Delaware kuma tana da hedkwata a [[Atlanta]], Georgia.<ref>Elmore, 2013, p. 717</ref> Kamfanin Coca-Cola yana da bukatu a cikin masana'antu, sayarwa, da tallan abubuwan sha da giya,da ruwan sha. Kamfanin ya samar da Coca-Cola, wanda aka kirkira a cikin shekara ta 1886 daga masanin magunguna John Stith Pemberton.<ref>"Coca-Cola". ''Fortune''. Retrieved June 9, 2024</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1889, an siyar da dabara da alama $ 2,300 (kimanin dala 67,000 a yau) ga Asa Griggs Candler, Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List". ya kafa Kamfanin Coca-Cola a Atlanta a shekara ta 1892.<ref>Best Global Brands - The 100 Most Valuable Global Brands". ''Interbrand''. Retrieved June 9, 2024.</ref> Kamfanin ya kuma yi amfani da tsarin rarraba kamfani tun shekara ta 1889. Kamfanin yafi samar da ruwan sanyi, wanda daga nan ake sayar dashi ga wasu kwalban kwalba a duk faɗin duniya waɗanda ke rike da yankuna na musamman.<ref>Eschner, Kat (March 29, 2017). "Coca-Cola's Creator Said the Drink Would Make You Smarter". ''Smithsonian Magazine''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2019. <q>So Pemberton concocted a recipe using coca leaves, kola nuts and sugar syrup. "His new product debuted in 1886: 'Coca-Cola: The temperance drink,'" writes Hamblin.</q></ref> Kamfanin yana da man gorar kwalba a Arewacin Amurka, Coca-Cola Refreshments. An kuma lissafa hajojin kamfanin a kan NYSE kuma wani bangare ne na DJIA da alamun S&P 500 da S&P 100.<ref>Greenwood, Veronique (September 23, 2016). "The little-known nut that gave Coca-Cola its name". ''BBC''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2023.</ref>Kamfanin Coca-Cola shine kamfanin samar da shara na roba a duniya.<ref>Ivana Kottasova (February 18, 2014). "Does formula mystery help keep Coke afloat?". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on March 21, 2022. Retrieved March 21, 2022.</ref> edit == Mazarta==Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List". == == Tarihi == A watan Yulin shekarata alif 1886, masanin harhada magunguna John Stith Pemberton daga Columbus, <ref>Richard Gardiner, "The Civil War Origin of Coca-Cola in Columbus, Georgia," ''Muscogiana: Journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society'' (Spring 2012), Vol. 23: 21–24.</ref>Georgia ya kirkiri ainihin abin shan Coca-Cola, wanda aka tallata a matsayin taimako ga saukin ciwon kai,<ref>"Coca-Cola Inventor was Local Pharmacist". ''Columbus Ledger''. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2011.</ref> <ref>"Columbus helped make Coke's success". ''Columbus Ledger-Enquirer''. March 27, 2011. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2012.</ref><ref>Patent Office, United States (1886). ''Annual Report of the Patent Office, 1885''. Archived from the original on April 23, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2014.</ref><ref>"pemberton_1.jpg". Archived from the original on September 8, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2014 – via columbusstate.edu.</ref>don sanya shi da farko sayarwa a shagunan sayar da magani a matsayin abin sha na magani, Pemberton ya ci gaba da haɗuwa da gwaje-gwaje kuma ya isa Burinsa a cikin watan Mayu, sabon samfurin wanda har yanzu ba a ambata sunansa ba ko abin sha mai kanshi,<ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. p. 25. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref> an shirya shi don kasuwa kuma an samar dashi don sayarwa. An yaba wa marubucin littafin Pemberton, Frank M. Robinson da sanya sunan samfurin da kuma ƙirƙirar tambarinsa. <ref>Blanding, Michael (2010). ''The Coke machine : the dirty truth behind the world's favorite soft drink''. New York: Avery. pp. 14. ISBN <bdi>9781583334065</bdi>. OCLC 535490831.</ref>Robinson ya zabi sunan Coca-Cola ne saboda manyan abubuwan hada shi guda biyu (ganyen coca da goro kola) kuma saboda yana kama da hadin baki. John Pemberton ya huta kuma ya bar Robinson don yinwa da hadaka, tare da sayar da Coca-Cola shi kadai. Ya inganta abin sha tare da iyakantaccen kasafin kuɗin da yake dashi, kuma yayi nasara.<ref>"Spanish town claims origins of Coca-Cola". ''USA Today''. Archived from the original on March 2, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.</ref><ref>Montón, Lorena (September 18, 2024). "El origen español de la Coca-Cola es real". ''RTVE'' (in Spanish). Retrieved September 21, 2024.</ref> [[Fayil:222mL Can of Coca-Cola Y3000.jpg|thumb|Coca-cola]] A cikin shekara ta alif dubu daya da Dari takwas da tamanin da Tara (1889),<ref>Hayes, Jack. "Coca-Cola Television Advertisements: Dr. John S. Pemberton". ''Nation's Restaurant News''. Archived from the original on January 6, 2007. Retrieved January 21, 2007.</ref> wani Ba'amurke dan kasuwa Asa Griggs Candler ya kuma kammala siyan samfurin Coca-Cola da alama daga magadan Pemberton.<ref>Eschner, Kat (March 29, 2017). "Coca-Cola's Creator Said the Drink Would Make You Smarter". ''Smithsonian Magazine''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2019. <q>So Pemberton concocted a recipe using coca leaves, kola nuts and sugar syrup. "His new product debuted in 1886: 'Coca-Cola: The temperance drink,'" writes Hamblin.</q></ref> Zuwa shekara ta alif dubu daya da Dari takwas casa'in da biyar (1895), ana sayar da Coca-Cola a kowace jiha a cikin gungiyar. A cikin shekara ta 1919, an siyar da kamfanin ga Ernest Woodruff's Trust Company of Georgia.<ref>Eschner, Kat (March 29, 2017). "Coca-Cola's Creator Said the Drink Would Make You Smarter". ''Smithsonian Magazine''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2019. <q>So Pemberton concocted a recipe using coca leaves, kola nuts and sugar syrup. "His new product debuted in 1886: 'Coca-Cola: The temperance drink,'" writes Hamblin.</q></ref> Tallan farko na Coca-Cola ya karanta <ref>Harford, Tim (May 11, 2007). "The Mystery of the 5-Cent Coca-Cola: Why it's so hard for companies to raise prices". ''Slate''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2007. Retrieved May 12, 2007.</ref>"Coca Cola. Mai dadi! Mai wartsakewa! Hiarfafawa! Varfafawa!" Candler na daya daga cikin businessan kasuwar da suka fara amfani da fataucin mutane a cikin<ref>Themes for Coca-Cola Advertising (1886–1999)". Archived from the original on March 3, 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2007.</ref>dabarun tallata shi. kimanin kashi 60% na kasuwar sa.<ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. p. 32. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref>Zuwa shekara ta alif dubu daya da Dari Tara da tamanin da hudu(1984), Kamfanin Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya ragu zuwa 21.8% saboda sabbin masu fafatawa, watau Pepsi<ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. p. 42. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref> === Samu === Coca-Cola ta sami Minute Maid a shekara ta 1960 akan adadin da ba a bayyana ba. A cikin shekarata dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da biyu (1982), <ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. pp. 44–45. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref>ta sami gidan kallon fina-finai na Columbia Hotuna kan dala miliyan 692. An sayar da Columbia ga Sony kan dala biliyan 3 a shekara ta 1989.<ref>Candler, Charles Howard (1950). ''Asa Griggs Candler''. Georgia: Emory University. p. 81.</ref> Kamfanin ya kuma sayi kamfanin Cola na Indiya mai suna Thums Up a cikin shekara ta (1993, )da Barq a shekara ta 1995.<ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. pp. 45–47. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref>A shekara ta 1999, Coca-Cola ta sayi kashi 50% na hannun jarin Inca Kola akan dala miliyan 200, daga baya ta mallaki kasuwancin kasashen ketare da kuma samar da ita. A shekara ta dubu biyu da daya (2001), ta sayi nau'ikan ruwan 'ya'yan itace, santsu, da sanduna na Odwalla na dala miliyan 181. Ya ba da sanarwar dakatar da Odwalla a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin (2020). A cikin shekara ta 2007, ta samo Fuze Beverage daga wanda ya kafa Lance Collins da Castanea Partners na kimanin dala miliyan 250.<ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. p. 46. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref> Ƙoƙarin da kamfanin ya yi a shekara ta( 2009 )na sayen kamfanin samar da ruwan 'yan kasar Sin Huiyuan Juice Group ya kare lokacin da China ta ki amincewa da tayin dala biliyan biyu da miliyan ɗari huɗu, a bisa dalilin kamfanin da ya haifar zai zama mallakinta ne kawai. Hakanan an yi tunanin kishin kasa a matsayin dalili na soke yarjejeniyar.<ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. p. 49. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref> A shekara ta (2011), ta sami ragowar hannun jarin a cikin Shayi na Gaskiya, bayan da ta sayi kashi arbain (40%) a shekara ta 2008 akan dala miliyan 43. <ref>Pendergrast, Mark (2000). ''For God, Country and Coca-Cola''. Basic Books. pp. 48–49. ISBN <bdi>978-0-465-05468-8</bdi>.</ref>A shekara ta 2013, ta kammala sayen ZICO, kamfanin ruwan kwakwa. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, ta sami kashi 16.7% <ref>"This Day in Georgia History – Coca-Cola Sale Completed – GeorgiaInfo". ''usg.edu''. Archived from the original on November 15, 2016. Retrieved June 8, 2020.</ref><ref>Robert W. Woodruff (1889–1985)". ''New Georgia Encyclopedia''. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved June 8, 2020.</ref>(a halin yanzu kashi 19.36% saboda hannun jarin sayen jari) hannun jarin Monster Beverage na dala biliyan $ 2.15 tare da zaki don hadaka shi zuwa 25%, a matsayin wani bangare na hadin gwiwar dabarun dogon lokaci wanda ya hada da kasuwanci da rarrabawa kawance, da kuma sauya layin samfur. A shekarar 2015, kamfanin ya dauki karamin hannun jari a kamfanin kera ruwan sanyi, Suja Life LLC.<ref>Wood, Benjamin; Ruskin, Gary; Sacks, Gary (January 2020). "How Coca-Cola Shaped the International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health: An Analysis of Email Exchanges between 2012 and 2014". ''International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health''. '''17''' (23): 8996. doi:10.3390/ijerph17238996. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 7730322. <nowiki>PMID 33287097</nowiki>.</ref> A watan Disambar 2016, ta sayi yawancin ayyukan SABMiller na Coca-Cola. Kamfanin Coca-Cola yana da hannun jari na kashi 68.3% a cikin Kamfanin kwalba na Coca-Cola na Afirka. Hedkwatar Coca-Cola ta kwalba ta Afirka da ke [[Port Elizabeth]] Afirka ta Kudu. Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sami kashi 40% na hannun jari a Chi Ltd a ranar 30 ga Janairun shekara ta (2016). Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sami ragowar kashi 60% na kamfanin na Chi Ltd a ranar 30 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta 2019. A shekarar (2017), Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sayi ruwan sha mai haske na kasar Mexico mai suna Topo Chico.<ref>World of Coke exhibit shares story of forgotten 'Sprite Boy'". Archived from the original on April 2, 2023. Retrieved April 2, 2023.</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta (2018), ta amince ta sayi Kofin Kofi daga Whitbread kan £ 3.9bn. Samun ya rufe a ranar 3 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta 2019. A watan Agusta na shekara ta (2018), Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sayi Moxie kan wani adadin da ba a bayyana ba. A ranar 14 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta (2018), Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sanar da sha'awar tsiraru game da Jikin Jiki. A ranar 19 ga Satumba, (2018,) Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sami Organic & Raw Trading Co. Pty Ltd wanda ya kera MOJO Kombucha a Willunga, Ostiraliya. A ranar 5 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta (2018), Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya sami kaso 22.5% a MADE Group daga masu kafa kamfanin guda uku: Luke Marget, Matt Dennis, da Brad Wilson. Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya mallaki kaso 30.8% a Coca-Cola Amatil Ltd; saboda haka, Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya mallaki karin hannun jari na 6.93% a cikin MADE Group ta hannun jarin mallakarsa a Coca-Cola Amatil Ltd.<ref>"Coca-Cola Enterprises : Our Story". Coca-Cola Enterprises. Archived from the original on April 17, 2015.</ref> == Haraji da Sayarwa == Dangane da rahoton shekara-shekara na Kamfanin Coca-Cola na shekarar 2005,<ref>Barbara Mikkelson and David P. Mikkelson, "The Claus That Refreshes," snopes.com, February 27, 2001. Retrieved June 10, 2005. Archived May 26, 2012, at archive.today</ref><ref>See George McKay 'Consumption, Coca-colonisation, cultural resistance – and Santa Claus' Archived April 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, in Sheila Whiteley, ed. (2008) ''Christmas, Ideology and Popular Culture''. Edinburgh University Press, pp. 50–70.</ref>ya sayar da kayayyakin sha a fiye da kasashe 200 a wannan shekaran Rahoton na (2005) ya ci gaba da cewa daga cikin abubuwan sha fiye da biliyan 50 na kowane nau'in da ake ci a duk duniya, yau da kullun, abubuwan sha masu alamar kasuwanci mallakar ko lasisi ga asusun Coca-Cola na kusan dala biliyan 1.5. Daga cikin wadannan, abubuwan sha masu alamar kasuwanci "Coca-Cola" ko "Coke" sun kai kusan kashi 78% na jiyawan galan da aka<ref>The White Rock Collectors Association, "Did White Rock or The Coca-Cola Company create the modern Santa Claus Advertisement? Archived December 13, 2021, at the Wayback Machine," whiterocking.org, 2001 . Retrieved January 19, 2007</ref><ref>White Rock Beverages, "Coca-Cola's Santa Claus: Not The Real Thing!," BevNET.com, December 18, 2006 . Retrieved January 19, 2007. Archived January 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine</ref> a sayar. A cikin shekara ta 2010, an ba da sanarwar cewa Coca-Cola ta zama alama ta farko da ta kai sama da fam biliyan 1 a siyar da kayan masarufi na Burtaniya na shekara-shekara.<ref>"Coke means Coca-Cola". Coca-Cola Conversations. June 16, 2008. Archived from the original on February 26, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2011.</ref> A cikin (2017), tallace-tallace na Coca-Cola ya ragu da kashi 11% daga shekarar da ta gabata saboda dandanon dandano na canzawa daga abubuwan sha.<ref>McKelvey, Steve M. (2006). "Coca-Cola vs. PepsiCo — A 'Super' Battleground for the Cola Wars?". ''Sport MarHeting Quarterly''. '''15''': 114–123. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.392.5206</ref> == Hannun Jari == Tun daga shekarar 1919, Coca-Cola kamfani ne na kasuwanci da jama'a. An jera hannun jarinsa a Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta New York a karkashin alamar “KO”. Shareaya daga cikin hannun jarin da aka saya a 1919 akan $40, tare da duk ribar da aka sake samu, zai kai dala miliyan 9.8 a cikin 2012, an sami karuwar kashi 10.7% na shekara -shekara don hauhawar farashin kayayyaki. Wani bankin da ya gada na SunTrust ya karbi $ 100,000 don yin rubutacciyar sadaukarwar jama'a ta Coca-Cola ta 1919; bankin ya sayar da hannun jarin sama da dala biliyan biyu a (2012). A cikin 1987, Coca-Cola ya sake zama daya daga cikin hannun jari 30 wanda ya gunshi Matsayin Masana'antar Dow Jones, wanda galibi ana ambaton shi azaman wakili don aikin kasuwar hannun jari; a baya ta kasance hannun jari na Dow daga 1932 zuwa 1935. Coca-Cola ta biya rabon kudi tun daga 1920 kuma, kamar na 2019, yana hadaka ta kowace shekara tsawon shekaru 57 kai tsaye. == Ma'aikata da Masu Gudanarwa == Wadannan sunaye masu zuwa sune mahimman masu gudanarwa tun daga Yuli 2021 (ban da mukaman VP da shugabannin yanki) * James Quincey (Shugaban Hukumar kuma babban jami'in zartarwa) * Brian Smith (shugaban kasa da babban jami'in aiki) * Manuel Arroyo (babban jami'in talla) * Alfredo Rivera (Shugaban gungiya ta Arewacin Amirka) * Lisa Chang (babban jami'in jama'a) * Marcelo Boffi (shugaban, Kamfanin Bottling Investments Group) * Monica Howard Douglas (babban lauya) * Nancy Quan (babban jami'in fasaha) * Barry Simpson (babban jami'in watsa labarai) * Beatriz Perez (shugaban sadarwa, dorewa & hadin gwiwa dabarun) * John Murphy (babban jami'in kudi) * Giles Leclerc (Shugaban, The McDonald's Division) Wadannan sunaye masu zuwa duk daraktoci tunda daga watan Nuwamba 2016: * [[File:Muhtar Kent 2010.jpg|thumb]]Muhtar Kent * Herbert A. Allen Jr. * Ronald W. Allen * Marc Bolland * Ana Botin * Howard G. Buffett * Richard M. Daley * Barry Diller * Helene D. Gayle * Alexis M. Herman * Bobby Kotick * Mariya Elena Lagomasino * Sam Nuni * David B. Weinberg == Kayan Sha na Kwalba == Gabadaya, Kamfanin Coca-Cola da rassansa kawai suna samar da ruwan syrup, wanda daga nan ake sayar da shi ga kwalba daban-daban a duk duniya wadanda ke rike da ikon mallakar Coca-Cola na gida. Masu shaye-shayen Coca-Cola, wadanda ke rike da kwangilolin kebabbu na yanki tare da kamfanin, suna samar da samfuran da aka gama a cikin gwangwani da kwalabe daga mai da hankali, a hade tare da tsaftataccen ruwa da kayan zaki. Daga nan sai kwalaben su sayar, rarraba, da sayar da kayan Coca-Cola ga shagunan sayar da kayayyaki, injinan siyarwa, gidajen abinci, da masu rarraba sabis na abinci. A wajen Amurka, wadannan kwalaben kuma suna sarrafa kasuwancin kayan marmari. Tun daga shekarun 1980, kamfanin ya ba da himma sosai wajen karfafa dunkulewar kwalba, tare da kamfanin galibi yana da hannun jari na wadannan "kwalaben anga." === Wajen Arewacin Amurka === Manyan kayan kwalba na kamfanin da suke a wajen Arewacin Amurka sune: * Coca-Cola Europacific Partners PLC, based in the United Kingdom (western Europe) (Company owns 19.36%) * National Beverage Company Sal, basedin Beirut, Lebanon * International Beverages Pvt. Ltd., based in Bangladesh (Fully owned subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company) * Coca-Cola Bottling Shqipëria, based in Albania * Coca-Cola Beverages Philippines, based in the Philippines (fully owned subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company) * Coca-Cola FEMSA, based in Mexico (Mexico, Argentina, [[Brazil]], Colombia, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Uruguay and Venezuela) (Company owns 27.8%) * Arca Continental, also based in Mexico (parts of Mexico and Latin America and in US under Coca-Cola Southwest Beverages LLC in the state of Texas and parts of New Mexico, Oklahoma and Arkansas ) (independent) * Embotelladora Andina S.A, based in Chile (southern South America) (Company owns 14.7% of series A common stock outstanding & 14.7% of series B common stock outstanding) * Coca-Cola Beverages Africa, based in Port Elizabeth, South Africa (southern and eastern Africa) (company owns 68.3%) * Coca-Cola Beverages Korea, based in South Korea (independent; owned by LG Household & Health Care) * Coca-Cola HBC AG, originally based in Greece but now located in Switzerland (Greece, Ireland, Eastern Europe, Russia, and Nigeria) (Company owns 23.2%) * Coca-Cola Icecek Based in Turkey (Turkey, South West Asia, Arabia) (Company owns 20.1%) * Swire, based in Hong Kong (China, Taiwan, Hong Kong) (independent) * Kirin Company, based in Japan (independent) * Coca-Cola Bottlers Japan (through a holding company, Company owns 16.3%) * PT Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia (Company owns 29.4%) (Coca-Cola Amatil ltd owns 70.6%) * Coca-Cola Bottlers Uzbekistan (Company owns 42.9%) === Acikin Kasar Amurka === A cikin Amurka, kamfanin yana tsallake kwalba ta hanyar kera da siyar da ruwan sihirin kai tsaye ga dillalan kayan marmari da aka ba da izini da wasu dillalan kayan marmari. Tun daga shekarar 2014, bayan siyan kadarorin Arewacin Amurka na Coca-Cola Enterprises, kamfanin kai tsaye ya mallaki 100% na Coca-Cola Refreshments, jigon kwalba na samfuran Coca-Cola a Arewacin Amurka, wanda ke wakiltar kusan 90% na Canada da 80% na kasar Amirka. Sauran manyan masu kayan kwalba a Amurka sune: * Coca-Cola Consolidated, based in Charlotte, North Carolina (company owns 34.8%) * Coca-Cola Beverages Northeast based in Bedford, New Hampshire, and owned by Kirin Company * Coca-Cola Bottling Company United, based in Birmingham, Alabama (independent) * Swire Coca-Cola USA, based in Salt Lake City, Utah and owned by Swire Group A watan Satumba na 2015, kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar sayar da tsirrai da yankuna da dama ga Swire, Consolidated, da United, da ƙirƙirar Coca-Cola National Supply System wanda ke sarrafa 95% na yankin a Amurka. == Dangantakar abokin ciniki da sa hannun jama'a == Bayan Martin Luther King, Jr. ya lashe lambar yabo ta Nobel ta zaman l(afiya ta 1964, shirye-shiryen bukin cin abinci na kabilanci a cikin Atlanta da har yanzu ba a raba shi ba da farko mashahuran 'yan kasuwa na birnin sun tallafa sosai har Coca-Cola ta shiga tsakani. J. Paul Austin, shugaban kuma Shugaba na Coca-Cola, da Magajin gari Ivan Allen ya kira manyan shugabannin kasuwancin Atlanta zuwa ɗakin cin abinci na bene na goma sha takwas, inda Austin ya gaya musu dalla-dalla, 'Abin kunya ne a sami Coca-Cola a garin da ya ki karrama wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel. Mu kasuwanci ne na duniya. Kamfanin Coca-Cola baya buƙatar Atlanta. Duk kuna buƙatar yanke shawara ko Atlanta tana buƙatar Kamfanin Coca-Cola. ' A cikin awanni biyu na ƙarshen wannan taron, an sayar da kowane tikitin cin abincin dare. -Andrew Young. A cikin shekara ta 2012 duka, Coca-Cola ya ba da gudummawar $1,700,500 zuwa wani kamfen na siyasa na dala miliyan 46 da aka sani da "The Coalition Against The Costed Food Labeling Producation, wanda Manoma da Masu Samar da Abinci suka dauki nauyinsa". An kafa wannan ƙungiya don adawa da yunƙurin ɗan ƙasa, wanda aka sani da Shawara ta 37, yana buƙatar laƙabin laƙabin abinci mai ɗauke da abubuwan da aka gyara na asali. A cikin shekarar 2012, an jera Coca-Cola a matsayin abokin kamfen na (RED), tare da wasu samfura kamar Nike, Girl, American Express, da Converse. Manufar kamfen ɗin ita ce hana watsa kwayar cutar kanjamau daga uwa zuwa yaro kafin shekarar 2015 (jigon kamfen ɗin shine "Yaƙi don Samar da Cutar Kanjamau"). == Samar da filastik da sharar gida == Kamfanin Coca-Cola shine babban mai samar da dattin filastik a duniya, tsawon shekaru biyu a jere yana samar da fiye da tan miliyan 3 na kunshin filastik a kowace shekara gami da kwalaben filastik biliyan 110. Babban jami’in kamfanin na duniya ya yarda cewa Coca-Cola ba ta da niyyar rage amfani da kwalaben roba; a zahiri, kamfanin ya yi "kokari cikin nutsuwa" don rage adadin dattin filastik da yake samarwa, wani bangare ta hanyar adawa da dokar lissafin kwalba. Shugaban dindindin Bea Perez ya ce za su ci gaba da amfani da filastik, suna masu cewa "abokan ciniki kamar su saboda sun real kuma suna da nauyi ”. == Masu suka == Tun farkon shekarun 2000, sukar da ake yi kan amfani da kayayyakin Coca-Cola gami da kamfanin da kanta, ya karu tare da damuwa kan illolin kiwon lafiya, lamuran muhalli, gwajin dabbobi, ayyukan kasuwanci na tattalin arziki da batutuwan ma'aikata. Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya fuskanci shari'o'i da yawa game da waɗannan sukar daban-daban. == Tallace-Tallace == [[File:Coca-Cola advertisement tents at Taipei Dragon Boat Festival 20170530b.jpg|thumb]] Tallace-tallace na Coca-Cola ya kasance "cikin mafi ƙima a cikin tarihin tallan tallace-tallace," tare da sananne kuma babban tasiri akan shahararrun al'adu da al'umma gaba ɗaya. Coca-Cola tana talla ta hanyar tallan kai tsaye, kafofin watsa labarai na yanar gizo, kafofin watsa labarun, saƙon rubutu, da tallan tallace-tallace. Kamfanin yana kuma yin tallace -tallace ta hanyar tallan wayar salula a cikin sakonnin rubutu, misali. kamfen na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Haɗin fan ya kai miliyan 86 a duk duniya a duk tashoshin kafofin watsa labarun: hulɗar kan layi, da abubuwan zamantakewa, al'adu, ko wasanni. A cikin wurin siyarwar, manyan motocin isar da kayan shaye -shaye kai tsaye (tallan wayar hannu) da wurin masu sanyaya siyarwa da injinan siyarwa suna da tambarin ja mai haske. Dangane da hidimar abinci, Coca-Cola shawara ce ta haɗa abinci wanda yanzu ya zama tushen abinci, alal misali, don popcorn, burgers, soyayyen, da karen kare mai zafi. == Samfura da Bugawa == Tun daga shekarar 2020, Kamfanin Coca-Cola yana ba da samfura sama da 500 a cikin ƙasashe sama da 200. A watan Satumba na 2020, kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai yanke fiye da rabin samfuran sa, sakamakon tasirin tattalin arziƙin da cutar ta COVID-19 ta haifar. === Kadarorin da ba abinci ba === ==== Hotunan Columbia ==== Coca-Cola ya sayi Hotunan Columbia a cikin 1982, saboda ƙarancin darajar ɗakin ɗakin studio. Kamfanin fina-finai shi ne studio na farko kuma kaɗai da Coca-Cola ta mallaka. A lokacin mallakar ɗakin, Columbia ta saki shahararrun fina -finai da suka haɗa da Ghostbusters, Stripes, The Karate Kid, da wasu wasu. Koyaya, shekaru biyu bayan gazawa da gazawar kasuwanci na fim ɗin Ishtar na 1987, Columbia ta ɓace sannan aka sayar da ita ga Sony a Tokyo a 1989. ==== Duniyar Coca-Cola ==== Coca-Cola tana aiki da abin sha mai taushi mai jan hankali na yawon shakatawa a Atlanta, Jojiya; Duniyar Coca-Cola baje kolin abubuwa da yawa. Yana nuna samfuran dandano da gidan kayan tarihi, tare da wurare a Las Vegas, Nevada, da Lake Buena Vista, Florida. === Alamu === ==== Sauran abubuwan sha ==== Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya kuma samar da wasu sauran abubuwan sha masu taushi ciki har da Fanta (wanda aka gabatar da shi kusan 1941) da Sprite. Asalin Fanta ya samo asali ne tun lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a lokacin takunkumin kasuwanci kan Jamus akan ruwan sila, wanda hakan yasa ba zai yiwu a sayar da Coca-Cola a Jamus ba. Max Keith, shugaban ofishin Jamus na Coca-Cola a lokacin yaƙin, ya yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar sabon samfuri don kasuwar Jamus, wanda aka yi kawai daga samfuran da ke cikin Jamus a lokacin, wanda suka sanya wa suna Fanta. Abin sha ya zama abin bugawa, kuma lokacin da Coke ya sake komawa bayan yaƙin, ya karɓi alamar Fanta. Fanta asalinsa abin sha ne mai ɗanɗano mai ruwan lemu wanda zai iya zuwa cikin kwalaben filastik ko gwangwani. Ya kasance yana samuwa a cikin dandano daban -daban yanzu kamar innabi, peach, innabi, apple, abarba, da strawberry. A cikin 1961, Coca-Cola ya gabatar da Sprite, abin sha mai laushi na lemun tsami, wani daga cikin masu siyar da kamfani da martanin sa zuwa 7 Up. Tab shine ƙoƙarin Coca-Cola na farko don haɓaka abin sha mai laushi, ta amfani da saccharin azaman madadin sukari. An gabatar da shi a 1963, an sayar da samfurin har zuwa faduwar 2020, kodayake tallace -tallace ya ragu tun lokacin gabatar da Diet Coke. Coca-Cola Afirka ta Kudu kuma ta saki Valpre Bottled "har yanzu" da "Mai kyalkyali" ruwa. A cikin 1969, kamfanin ya fitar da Simba, wanda shine abin shan Mountain Dew, kuma yana da fakiti wanda ke da hamada na Afirka, cike da Zakin Afirka a matsayin alamar alama. Alamar taken ita ce "Simba - Tana Kayar da Ƙishirwar Afirka." Hakanan a cikin 1969, kamfanin ya fitar da layin samfura a ƙarƙashin sunan Santiba, wanda aka yi niyya don haɗa hadaddiyar giyar da amfani da ƙungiya, samfuran da suka haɗa da ruwan Quinine da Ginger Ale. Kamar Simba da aka ambata a sama, layin Santiba na samfuran bai daɗe ba a kasuwa. ==== Abokin-Kari ==== Ba a ƙera shi ba, Coca-Cola BreakMate ya kasance mai ɗanɗano ɗanɗano uku da Coca-Cola da Siemens suka gabatar a 1988. An yi niyyar amfani da shi a ofisoshi tare da mutane biyar zuwa hamsin, sashinsa mai sanyi ya riƙe kwantena filastik guda uku guda ɗaya. na soda syrup da tankin CO2. Kamar maɓuɓɓugar soda, ya gauraye syrup a cikin rabo 1: 5 tare da ruwan carbonated. A Arewacin Amurka, Coca-Cola ta dakatar da sassan BreakMate a 2007 kuma ta daina rarraba syrup a 2010. ==== Abin sha mai kara lafiya ==== A cikin shekarun 1990s, kamfanin ya mayar da martani ga karuwar masu amfani da shaye-shaye masu lafiya ta hanyar gabatar da sabbin samfuran abubuwan sha marasa carbonated. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Minute Maid Juices to Go, Powerade sports sports, Nestea shayi mai ɗanɗano (a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Nestlé), Fruitopia abin sha, da ruwan Dasani, da sauransu. A cikin 2001, ƙungiyar Minute Maid ta ƙaddamar da Simply Orange iri na juices ciki har da ruwan lemu. A cikin 2016, Coca-Cola Indiya ta gabatar da Vio don shiga cikin rukunin madara mai ƙima. Samfurin yana kafa harsashin sabon sashin Coca-Cola bayan abubuwan sha, ruwa da juices. A cikin 2004, wataƙila don mayar da martani ga ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan abinci mai ƙarancin carbohydrate kamar abincin Atkins, Coca-Cola ta ba da sanarwar niyyarta ta haɓaka da siyar da madaidaicin carbohydrate zuwa Coke Classic, wanda aka yiwa lakabi da C2 Cola. C2 ya ƙunshi cakuda babban fructose masara syrup, aspartame, sucralose, da potassium Acesulfame. An tsara C2 don yin kwaikwayon ɗanɗano na Coca-Cola Classic. Ko da tare da ƙasa da rabin kuzarin abinci da carbohydrates na madaidaicin abin sha mai laushi, C2 ba shine maye gurbin abin sha mai kalori mai ƙima kamar Diet Coke. C2 ya ci gaba da siyarwa a Amurka a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2004, kuma a Kanada a watan Agusta 2004; an maye gurbinsa a 2013 ta Coca-Cola Life. Farawa daga 2009, Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya saka hannun jari a Innocent Drinks, da farko tare da ƙaramin gungumen azaba, yana ƙaruwa zuwa 90% a farkon kwata na 2013. A cikin Mayu 2014 lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da Finley, abin sha mai daɗin ɗanɗano mai 'ya'yan itace, a Faransa. An ƙaddamar da shi a wasu ƙasashe daga baya, ciki har da Belgium da Luxembourg a cikin Satumba 2014. Coca-Cola ya fara haɓaka abin sha a Belgium a 2001. Tun daga 2014, abin sha an yi niyya ne ga manya, kuma yana da ƙarancin sukari tare da dandano huɗu. ==== Siyarwan da yafi kyau ==== [[File:Coca-Cola-truck-Peterbilt.jpg|thumb]] Coca-Cola shine abin sha mafi siyarwa a cikin yawancin ƙasashe, kuma an gane shi a matsayin lamba ta ɗaya a duniya a 2010. Yayin da Gabas ta Tsakiya ke ɗaya daga cikin yankuna kaɗan na duniya inda Coca-Cola ba shine abin sha na farko ba, Coca-Cola tana riƙe kusan kashi 25% na kasuwar (zuwa kashi 75% na Pepsi) kuma tana da ci gaba mai lamba biyu a 2003. Hakazalika, a Scotland, inda Irn-Bru da ake samarwa a cikin gida ya kasance mafi shahara, alkaluman 2005 sun nuna cewa duka Coca-Cola da Diet Coke sun fi Irn-Bru girma. A Peru, Inca Kola na asali ya shahara fiye da Coca-Cola, wanda hakan ya sa Coca-Cola ta shiga tattaunawa da kamfanin abin sha mai laushi kuma ta sayi kashi 50% na hannun jarin ta. A Japan, mafi kyawun sayar da abin sha mai taushi ba cola bane, kamar yadda (gwangwani) shayi da kofi suka fi shahara. Don haka, mafi kyawun alamar Kamfanin Coca-Cola babu Coca-Cola, amma Georgia. A watan Mayun 2016, Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya dakatar da samar da abin sa hannu a Venezuela saboda karancin sukari. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Kamfanin Coca-Cola yana amfani da "ƙaramin ƙera albarkatun ƙasa" don yin sa hannunsu a shaye-shaye guda biyu a Venezuela. ==== Bayani ==== A ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2006, an kama wani ma'aikacin Coca-Cola da wasu mutane biyu da tuhuma kan kokarin sayar da bayanan sirrin kasuwanci ga mai yin gasa abin sha mai laushi PepsiCo kan dala miliyan 1.5. Girke-girke na Coca-Cola, wataƙila sirrin da kamfanin ya fi kula da shi, bai taɓa yin haɗari ba; a maimakon haka, bayanin yana da alaƙa da sabon abin sha a cikin ci gaba. Shugabannin Coca-Cola sun tabbatar da cewa takardun sirrin cinikayyar da ake magana da su gaskiya ne kuma mallakar kamfanin ne. Takardun kotun sun ce an bayar da akalla gilashin gilashi guda daya dauke da samfurin sabon abin sha. Kamfanin PepsiCo ne ya tona asirin wannan makirci, wanda ya sanar da hukumomi lokacin da maharan suka tunkare shi. ==== Green tea ==== Kamfanin ya ba da sanarwar sabon "kalori mara kyau" abin sha na koren shayi, Enviga, a cikin 2006, tare da ƙoƙarin dabarun sayar da kofi Far Coast da Chaqwa. ==== Glaceau ==== A ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2007, Coca-Cola ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta sayi Glaceau, mai kera abubuwan sha masu haɓaka bitamin (ruwan bitamin), ruwan daɗaɗɗa, da abubuwan ƙona makamashi, akan dala biliyan 4.1 a tsabar kuɗi. ==== Huiyuan Juice ==== A ranar 3 ga Satumba, 2008, Coca-Cola ta sanar da aniyarta ta yin tayin kuɗi don siyan China Huiyuan Juice Group Limited (wanda ke da kashi 42% na kasuwar ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai tsami) na $ 2.4bn (HK $ 12.20 a kowane rabon). Ma'aikatar cinikayya ta kasar Sin ta toshe yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Maris, 2009, tana mai cewa yarjejeniyar za ta cutar da kananan kamfanonin ruwan 'ya'yan itace na cikin gida, da za ta iya kara farashin kasuwar ruwan' ya'yan itace, da takaita zabin masu amfani. ==== Coke na Karamin Gwangwanin ==== A watan Oktoban 2009, Coca-Cola ya bayyana sabon ƙaramin kalori mai kalori 90 wanda ke ɗauke da oza na ruwa 7.5. Ana iya siyar da ƙaramin ƙarami a cikin fakiti 8. Duk da kashe kusan kashi 30 cikin ɗari na kowane oda, ƙaramin gwangwani ya sadu da adadi mai kyau na tallace -tallace. ==== Gwangwanin zuwa Hutu ==== A watan Nuwamba na 2011, Coca-Cola ya bayyana wani tsari na yanayi don gwangwani na Coke na yau da kullun a zaman wani haɗin gwiwa tare da Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya. Koyaya, an cire shi wata ɗaya kacal bayan sakin saboda korafin mabukaci game da irin wannan kallon na gwangwani na azurfa da aka saba amfani da su don Diet Coke. Akwai kuma korafi game da karkacewa daga jajaye na gargajiya kamar launi na gwangwani na Coca-Cola a baya. ==== Dama a cikin abin sha mai suna Monster ==== An ba da sanarwar a ranar 14 ga Agusta, 2014, cewa Coca-Cola Co tana biyan kuɗin dalar Amurka biliyan 2.15 don hannun jarin kashi 16.7 na kamfanin Monster Beverage Corp don faɗaɗa kasuwa don shaye-shayen makamashi. Mallakar Coke a cikin Full Throttle and Burn za a canza shi zuwa Monster. Maimakon haka, Monster zai canza ikon mallakar sa a cikin Hansen's Natural Sodas da Peace Iced Tea da Blue Sky Soda zuwa Kamfanin Coca-Cola. Muhtar Kent, tsohon babban jami'in gudanarwa na Coke, ya bayyana cewa kamfanin yana da zabin kara hannun jarinsa zuwa kashi 25 amma ba zai iya wuce wannan kaso a cikin shekaru hudu masu zuwa ba. Sakamakon raba hannun jarin da kwamitin daraktocin kamfanin Monster Beverage Corporation ya yi, hannun jarin Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya karu zuwa kashi 19.36% 102121602. ==== Abin sha mai Bugarwa ==== A cikin 2021, Coca-Cola Co ta yi amfani da alamar ruwan ma'adinai na Mexico mai suna Topo Chico don ƙaddamar da kewayon masu siyar da kayan maye masu ƙarfi a cikin Ingila da Amurka. == Daukan Nauyi == Kudin talla na Coca-Cola ya kai dala biliyan 3.256 a shekarar 2011. === Wasanni === Coca-Cola ta dauki nauyin gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Ingila daga farkon kakar 2004-05 (farkon Agusta 2004) zuwa farkon kakar 2010/11, lokacin da Kungiyar Kwallon kafa ta maye gurbin ta da NPower. Cola ya ɗauki nauyin sansanin ƙwallon ƙafa na Coca-Cola, wanda ya gudana a Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu yayin gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2010, lokacin da ɗaruruwan matasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya suka sami damar haɗuwa tare da raba kaunar wasan, wani ɓangare saboda Mafi kyawun Sayi ƙoƙarin ta hanyar shirin su na @15. Sauran manyan tallafin sun haɗa da AFL, NHRA, NASCAR, PGA Tour, NCAA Championships, Wasannin Olympics, NRL, FIFA World Cup, Premier League da UEFA European Championships. Kamfanin ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Panini don samar da kundin kwali na kwatankwacin kwatankwacin gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2006, kuma sun yi haɗin gwiwa don kowane Kofin Duniya tun. Kowace faɗuwa, Coca-Cola shine mai tallafawa Gasar TOUR ta Coca-Cola da aka gudanar a Gabashin Golf Golf Club a Atlanta, Georgia. Gasar yawon shakatawa ita ce lokacin ƙare gasar PGA Tour. A cikin Filipinas, tana da ƙungiya a cikin Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Philippine, Powerade Tigers A cikin 2017, Major League Baseball ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru da yawa tare da Coca-Cola don zama abin sha mai laushi, wanda ya maye gurbin Pepsi. Ƙungiyoyin MLB goma sha takwas (Los Angeles Angels, Houston Astros, Toronto Blue Jays, Atlanta Braves, St. Louis Cardinals, Los Angeles Dodgers, San Francisco Giants, New York Mets, Washington Nationals, San Diego Padres, Philadelphia Phillies, Pittsburgh Pirates, Texas Rangers , Tampa Bay Rays, Cincinnati Reds, Boston Red Sox, Rockies na Colorado da Chicago White Sox) suna da kayayyakin Coca-Cola da aka sayar a wuraren wasanninsu. Tun lokacin kakar 2019 shine mai tallafawa taken Uzbekistan Super League a ƙwallon ƙafa, kuma a hukumance ana kiran wannan gasar Coca-Cola Uzbekistan Super League. Coca-Cola ta kuma dauki nauyin gasar Overwatch league tun kakar wasa ta biyu. Sun kuma tallafawa duk manyan wasannin gasa na Overwatch kamar gasar cin kofin duniya. A watan Fabrairu 2020, Coca-Cola ta zama mai tallafawa taken jerin eNASCAR iRacing. A watan Oktoba 2018, Coca-Cola ya fara ɗaukar nauyin ƙungiyar Formula 1 McLaren tare da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara 1 da yawa tun daga lokacin. === Talabijin === Kamfanin ya ɗauki nauyin shahararren jerin waƙoƙin-gasar Fox Id American Idol daga 2002 zuwa 2014. Coca-Cola ya kasance mai daukar nauyin wasan kwaikwayo na dare a PBS, Charlie Rose a Amurka. Coca-Cola kuma babban mai samarwa ne na Coke Studio (Pakistan). Fassara ce ta fara a Brazil, MTV Brasil ta watsa shi kuma akwai gyare -gyare iri -iri na Coke Studio kamar Coke Studio (Indiya) da Coke Studio (Afirka). === Gidajen shakatawa === Duk da cewa ba lallai bane yana da haƙƙin suna ga kowane abu a duk wuraren, kamfanin yana tallafawa kuma yana ba da abubuwan sha a wuraren shakatawa da yawa, galibi cikin iyawa ta musamman. Wannan ya haɗa da Walt Disney Parks da Resorts, Merlin Entertainment, Universal Parks & Resorts, Tutoci shida, Cedar Fair, da SeaWorld Entertainment waɗanda shida ne daga cikin manyan mashahuran wuraren shakatawa na duniya guda tara (ba a sani ba ko OCT Parks China, the Rukunin Chimelong, ko Fantawild, na huɗu, na bakwai, da na takwas mafi girman masu gudanar da filin shakatawa bi da bi, suna amfani da Coca-Cola). Har ila yau kamfanin yana tallafawa kai tsaye, tare da haƙƙin suna, Coca-Cola London Eye da Coca-Cola Orlando Eye. Har ila yau kamfanin yana gudanar da cibiyoyin baƙi na "Coca-Cola" a Isra'ila, Belgium da Turkiyya. = Yadda sunan Coca-Cola ya samo asali = 27 Satumba 2016 '''Mai yiwuwa ka taba jin cewa lemon Coca-Cola na dauke da wasu sinadarai wadanda ke iya sa mutune su riƙa matuƙar sha'awar shan sa: wato hodar iblis.'''<ref>BBC</ref> Sunan Coca ya samo asali ne daga ganyen coca inda mutumin daya ƙirkiro lemon John Pemberton, dake sayar da magunguna a birnin Atlanta ya hada ganyen goro da ruwan sukari. A wancan lokacin a farkon ƙarni a 19, an saba harhada ganyen coca da giya kuma dubarar Pemberton wajen hada sukari wata hanya ce ta kaucewa dokoki da suka haramta sayar da barasa. Amma a bangare guda kuma sunan yana nufin sauran kayayyaki da ba'a san su ba amma kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai- wato goro. ɓawon goron idan baka taɓa gani bai kai tsawon inci biyu ba kuma launin shudi ne. Cikin sa yana yin jajaja, ko kuma fari-fari. A ƙasashen yammacin Afrika, masu cin goro sun maida shi wani abu da ke ƙara musu kuzari. Saboda ƙwallon ya na dauke da sinarin caffeine da theobromine, wadanda ake samu a ganyen gahawa da kuma chakulan.<ref>Bbc</ref> == Manazarta == </https://www.worldofcoca-cola.com/> </https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/private-ngo-partners/delivery-innovation/coca-cola/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104224455/https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/private-ngo-partners/delivery-innovation/coca-cola/ |date=2021-11-04 }}\> </https://www.coca-colacompany.com\> <\https://m.youtube.com/user/CocaColaCo?reload=9&skip_registered_account_check=true&noapp=1\> 0kj59ge4g0cgd00uo7e2bply9ddxgo2 0 22837 824130 444732 2026-04-22T10:17:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Brachiaria mutica near foot bridge 7th Brigade Park Chermside DCP 0471.jpg|thumb|Zarin bauna]] [[File:Brachiaria mutica covered in dew 7th Brigade Park Chermside P1090566.jpg|thumb]] '''Zarin ɓauna''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 3elft9pk38xivkja3a2owv7zjs3kf4q 0 22921 823912 290239 2026-04-22T04:19:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ipomoea eriocarpa (5138372327).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Yin ɓururu]] [[File:Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br. (48880060902).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Yin ɓururu]] '''Yin ɓururu''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> [[File:Ipomoea eriocarpa (5138373179).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Yin ɓururu]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 31hnmkaq29txuovkgtgajt42c1fvams 0 22956 823980 444155 2026-04-22T07:04:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zabakon ƙaura''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] gbz7j458liccggaemdhv2dzi01b3198 0 23791 824000 566564 2026-04-22T08:25:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 824000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kofi Abrefa Busia''' (11 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1913 - 28 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1978)<ref>{{Cite web|title=August 28, 1978: Prime Minister of 2nd Republic Dr. Kofi Abrefa Busia Dies in London|url=https://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/2017/8/28/august-28-1978-prime-minister-of-2nd-republic-dr-kofi-abrefa-busia-dies-in-london|access-date=2020-08-13|website=Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> ya kasance jagoran siyasar ƙasar [[Ghana]] kuma masanin ilimi wanda ya kasance Firayim Minista na Ghana daga shekarar 1969 zuwa shekarar 1972. A matsayinsa na shugaba mai kishin ƙasa da firaminista, ya taimaka wajen dawo da gwamnatin farar hula zuwa ƙasar bayan mulkin soja.<ref name="Martin">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rqYEhtONIBgC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611034655/https://books.google.com/books?id=rqYEhtONIBgC|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 June 2020|title=African Political Thought|last=Martin|first=G.|date=23 December 2012|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781137062055|language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Busia a matsayin basaraken Bono a masarautar gargajiya ta Wenchi, a Yankin Brong Ahafo, ɗaya daga cikin Yankunan Gold Coast guda huɗu, sannan a ƙarƙashin mulkin Biritaniya kuma yanzu ake kira kasar [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=122|title=Dr Kofi Abrefa Busia, Ex-Prime Minister: 1969 – 1972|publisher=ghanaweb.com|access-date=4 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006020000/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=122|archive-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Methodist, Wenchi, Makarantar Mfantsipim, Cape Coast, sannan a Kwalejin Wesley, Kumasi, daga shekarar 1931 zuwa 1932. Ya yi koyarwa a Kwalejin Wesley kuma ya bar karatu da koyarwa a Kwalejin Achimota. Ya sami digirinsa na farko tare da Daraja a Medieval da Tarihin zamani daga Jami'ar London, ta hanyar wasiƙa a wannan lokacin. Daga nan ya cigaba da karatu a Kwalejin Jami'ar, Oxford, inda ya kasance ɗalibin ɗan Afirka na farko na kwaleji. Ya koma Gold Coast a shekarar 1942.<ref name="Heads of States and Governments Since 1945">{{cite book|last=Lentz|first=Harris M.|date=4 February 2014|title=Heads of States and Governments Since 1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&q=Kofi+Abrefa+Busia+born&pg=PA320|publisher=Routledge|page=320|isbn=978-1-134-26490-2}}</ref> Ya ɗauki BA (Hons) a Falsafa, Siyasa, da Tattalin Arziki (1941, MA 1946) da DPhil a Social Anthropology a shekarar 1947 a Kwalejin Nuffield, Oxford, tare da rubutun taken "Matsayin babba a cikin tsarin siyasa na zamani. Ashanti: nazarin tasirin sauye -sauyen zamantakewa na zamani akan cibiyoyin siyasa na Ashanti." Shi masanin Fulbright ne a shekarar 1954.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fulbright Notable Alumni: Heads of State/Government|url=https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters/heads-stategovernment|url-status=live}}</ref> == Aiki == Ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamishinan gunduma daga shekarata 1942 zuwa shekarar 1949, kuma an nada shi malami na farko a Nazarin [[Afirka]]. Ya kuma zama ɗan Afirka na farko da ya hau kujera a Kwalejin Jami'ar Gold Coast (yanzu Jami'ar Ghana). A cikin shekarar 1951 Ashanti Confederacy ya zabe shi zuwa Majalisar Dokoki. A shekarar 1952, shi ne Jagoran Jam'iyyar Congress na Ghana,<ref name="encyclopaedia">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Ghana-POLITICAL-PARTIES.html|title=Ghana:Political Parties|access-date=15 April 2007|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedias of the Nations|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310061855/http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Ghana-POLITICAL-PARTIES.html|archive-date=10 March 2007}}</ref> wanda daga baya ya haɗu da sauran jam'iyyun adawa don kafa United Party (UP). A matsayinsa na jagoran masu adawa da Kwame Nkrumah, ya tsere daga kasar bisa dalilin cewa rayuwarsa na cikin barazana. A cikin 1959 Busia ta zama Farfesa na Ilimin zamantakewa da Al'adun Afirka a Jami'ar Leiden kusa da Hague, Netherlands. Daga shekarar 1962 zuwa 1969, ya kasance Abokin Kwalejin St Antony, Oxford. Ya dawo Ghana a watan Maris din shekarar 1966 bayan sojoji sun kifar da gwamnatin Nkrumah don aiki a Majalisar 'Yancin Kasa ta Janar Joseph Ankrah, shugaban sojoji;<ref name="Martin" /> kuma an nada shi a matsayin Shugaban kwamitin ba da shawara na kasa na NLC. A shekarar 1967/68, ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Cibiyar Ilimin Jama'a. Ya yi amfani da wannan damar wajen tallata kansa a matsayin Jagora na gaba. Ya kuma kasance memba na kwamitin duba tsarin mulki. Lokacin da NLC ta dage haramcin siyasa, Busia, tare da abokai a cikin rugujewar UP sun kafa Jam'iyyar Progress (PP).<ref name="encyclopaedia" /> A shekarar 1969, PP ta lashe zaben majalisar dokoki da kujeru 105 daga cikin 140. Wannan ya ba shi damar zama Firayim Minista na gaba. Busia ya ci gaba da matsayin NLC na nuna adawa da Nkrumaist kuma ya karɓi tsarin tattalin arziƙi. An tasa keyar 'yan [[Najeriya]] rabin miliyan daga [[Ghana]], da kuma raguwar kashi 44 cikin 100 na cedi a shekarar 1971, wanda ya gamu da tirjiya daga jama'a. A lokacin da yake kasar Birtaniya domin duba lafiyarsa, sojojin karkashin Kanar [[Ignatius Kutu Acheampong]] sun kifar da gwamnatinsa a ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 1972. Busia ya ci gaba da zaman gudun hijira a Ingila sannan ya koma [[Jami'ar Oxford]], inda ya rasu sakamakon bugun zuciya a watan Agustan shekarar 1978.<ref name="Heads of States and Governments Since 1945" /> Tare da JB Danquah da SD Dombo, sunan Busia yana da alaƙa da haƙƙin siyasa na Ghana. New Patriotic Party ta yi ikirarin rigar Danquah-Busia-Dombo a Jamhuriya ta Hudu. == Littafin tarihin == * ''The Position of the Chief in the Modern Political System of Ashanti''. London, 1951 (Orig. Dissertation Oxford) * ''The Sociology and Culture of Africa''. Leiden, 1960<ref>[[hdl:1887/33398|Leiden 1960 inaugural lecture open access online]]{{dead link|date=May 2017|bot=Kandymotownie|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> * ''The Challenge of Africa''. New York, 1962 * ''Purposeful Education for Africa''. The Hague, 1964 * ''Urban Churches in Britain''. London, 1966 * ''Africa in Search of Democracy''. London, 1967 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Mutuwan 1978]] bk7v7eyvhn9uvovpb9j5erae3pkxkzu 824001 824000 2026-04-22T08:25:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 824001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kofi Abrefa Busia''' (11 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1913 - 28 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1978)<ref>{{Cite web|title=August 28, 1978: Prime Minister of 2nd Republic Dr. Kofi Abrefa Busia Dies in London|url=https://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/2017/8/28/august-28-1978-prime-minister-of-2nd-republic-dr-kofi-abrefa-busia-dies-in-london|access-date=2020-08-13|website=Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> ya kasance jagoran siyasar ƙasar [[Ghana]] kuma masanin ilimi wanda ya kasance Firayim Minista na Ghana daga shekarar 1969 zuwa shekarar 1972. A matsayinsa na shugaba mai kishin ƙasa da firaminista, ya taimaka wajen dawo da gwamnatin farar hula zuwa ƙasar bayan mulkin soja.<ref name="Martin">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rqYEhtONIBgC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611034655/https://books.google.com/books?id=rqYEhtONIBgC|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 June 2020|title=African Political Thought|last=Martin|first=G.|date=23 December 2012|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781137062055|language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Busia a matsayin basaraken Bono a masarautar gargajiya ta Wenchi, a Yankin Brong Ahafo, ɗaya daga cikin Yankunan Gold Coast guda huɗu, sannan a ƙarƙashin mulkin Biritaniya kuma yanzu ake kira kasar [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=122|title=Dr Kofi Abrefa Busia, Ex-Prime Minister: 1969 – 1972|publisher=ghanaweb.com|access-date=4 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006020000/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=122|archive-date=6 October 2016}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Methodist, Wenchi, Makarantar Mfantsipim, Cape Coast, sannan a Kwalejin Wesley, Kumasi, daga shekarar 1931 zuwa 1932. Ya yi koyarwa a Kwalejin Wesley kuma ya bar karatu da koyarwa a Kwalejin Achimota. Ya sami digirinsa na farko tare da Daraja a Medieval da Tarihin zamani daga Jami'ar London, ta hanyar wasiƙa a wannan lokacin. Daga nan ya cigaba da karatu a Kwalejin Jami'ar, Oxford, inda ya kasance ɗalibin ɗan Afirka na farko na kwaleji. Ya koma Gold Coast a shekarar 1942.<ref name="Heads of States and Governments Since 1945">{{cite book|last=Lentz|first=Harris M.|date=4 February 2014|title=Heads of States and Governments Since 1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&q=Kofi+Abrefa+Busia+born&pg=PA320|publisher=Routledge|page=320|isbn=978-1-134-26490-2}}</ref> Ya ɗauki BA (Hons) a Falsafa, Siyasa, da Tattalin Arziki (1941, MA 1946) da DPhil a Social Anthropology a shekarar 1947 a Kwalejin Nuffield, Oxford, tare da rubutun taken "Matsayin babba a cikin tsarin siyasa na zamani. Ashanti: nazarin tasirin sauye -sauyen zamantakewa na zamani akan cibiyoyin siyasa na Ashanti." Shi masanin Fulbright ne a shekarar 1954.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fulbright Notable Alumni: Heads of State/Government|url=https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters/heads-stategovernment|url-status=live}}</ref> == Aiki == Ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamishinan gunduma daga shekarata 1942 zuwa shekarar 1949, kuma an nada shi malami na farko a Nazarin [[Afirka]]. Ya kuma zama ɗan Afirka na farko da ya hau kujera a Kwalejin Jami'ar Gold Coast (yanzu Jami'ar Ghana). A cikin shekarar 1951 Ashanti Confederacy ya zabe shi zuwa Majalisar Dokoki. A shekarar 1952, shi ne Jagoran Jam'iyyar Congress na Ghana,<ref name="encyclopaedia">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Ghana-POLITICAL-PARTIES.html|title=Ghana:Political Parties|access-date=15 April 2007|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedias of the Nations|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310061855/http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Ghana-POLITICAL-PARTIES.html|archive-date=10 March 2007}}</ref> wanda daga baya ya haɗu da sauran jam'iyyun adawa don kafa United Party (UP). A matsayinsa na jagoran masu adawa da Kwame Nkrumah, ya tsere daga kasar bisa dalilin cewa rayuwarsa na cikin barazana. A cikin 1959 Busia ta zama Farfesa na Ilimin zamantakewa da Al'adun Afirka a Jami'ar Leiden kusa da Hague, Netherlands. Daga shekarar 1962 zuwa 1969, ya kasance Abokin Kwalejin St Antony, Oxford. Ya dawo Ghana a watan Maris din shekarar 1966 bayan sojoji sun kifar da gwamnatin Nkrumah don aiki a Majalisar 'Yancin Kasa ta Janar Joseph Ankrah, shugaban sojoji;<ref name="Martin" /> kuma an nada shi a matsayin Shugaban kwamitin ba da shawara na kasa na NLC. A shekarar 1967/68, ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Cibiyar Ilimin Jama'a. Ya yi amfani da wannan damar wajen tallata kansa a matsayin Jagora na gaba. Ya kuma kasance memba na kwamitin duba tsarin mulki. Lokacin da NLC ta dage haramcin siyasa, Busia, tare da abokai a cikin rugujewar UP sun kafa Jam'iyyar Progress (PP).<ref name="encyclopaedia" /> A shekarar 1969, PP ta lashe zaben majalisar dokoki da kujeru 105 daga cikin 140. Wannan ya ba shi damar zama Firayim Minista na gaba. Busia ya ci gaba da matsayin NLC na nuna adawa da Nkrumaist kuma ya karɓi tsarin tattalin arziƙi. An tasa keyar 'yan [[Najeriya]] rabin miliyan daga [[Ghana]], da kuma raguwar kashi 44 cikin 100 na cedi a shekarar 1971, wanda ya gamu da tirjiya daga jama'a. A lokacin da yake kasar Birtaniya domin duba lafiyarsa, sojojin karkashin Kanar [[Ignatius Kutu Acheampong]] sun kifar da gwamnatinsa a ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 1972. Busia ya ci gaba da zaman gudun hijira a Ingila sannan ya koma [[Jami'ar Oxford]], inda ya rasu sakamakon bugun zuciya a watan Agustan shekarar 1978.<ref name="Heads of States and Governments Since 1945" /> Tare da JB Danquah da SD Dombo, sunan Busia yana da alaƙa da haƙƙin siyasa na Ghana. New Patriotic Party ta yi ikirarin rigar Danquah-Busia-Dombo a Jamhuriya ta Hudu. == Littafin tarihin == * ''The Position of the Chief in the Modern Political System of Ashanti''. London, 1951 (Orig. Dissertation Oxford) * ''The Sociology and Culture of Africa''. Leiden, 1960<ref>[[hdl:1887/33398|Leiden 1960 inaugural lecture open access online]]{{dead link|date=May 2017|bot=Kandymotownie|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> * ''The Challenge of Africa''. New York, 1962 * ''Purposeful Education for Africa''. The Hague, 1964 * ''Urban Churches in Britain''. London, 1966 * ''Africa in Search of Democracy''. London, 1967 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[category:Mutuwan 1978]] fq56ib0j1hed71nskhpjgfoax5d8plb 0 25658 823725 504995 2026-04-21T16:01:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 823725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oxford University Centre for the Environment - geograph.org.uk - 4837492.jpg|thumb|jami ar Oxford na muhalli]] '''Makarantar Geography da Muhalli''' ( '''SoGE''' ) sashi ne na [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a Ingila, wanda ke cikin sashin Kimiyyar Jama'a na jami'ar. Tana cikin Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Oxford akan titin South Parks, a tsakiyar Oxford a [[amurka]]. Sashen ya shahara saboda manhajarsa da tushen bincike. SoGE yana da tsarin ilimi na musamman. A manhaja na dalibai ta kunshi duka biyu jiki da kuma adam labarin kasa, kazalika da GIS da cartography. Yana mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayin jiki da na ɗan adam yayin da yake ba da damar ƙwarewa kan wani batu. SoGE yana da cibiyoyin bincike guda uku: Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli (ECI), Makarantar Kasuwancin Smith da Muhalli (SSEE), da Sashin Nazarin Sufuri (TSU). == Tarihi == A cikin 1887, an nada Halford John Mackinder a matsayin malamin farko na jami'ar a labarin ƙasa. An kafa Makarantar Geography (kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin) a 1899. <ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> Da farko, Makarantar ta kasance a saman bene na tsohon ginin Ashmolean, amma ya wuce waɗannan wuraren kuma ya fara yin hayar dakuna na wucin gadi akan Broad Street a 1909. A cikin 1910 ya koma wani ɓangare na Acland House a Broad Street. A cikin 1922 Makarantar ta koma Holywell House akan Titin Mansfield . <ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> A cikin 2009, an sake masa suna zuwa Makarantar Geography da Muhalli. Geography na Burtaniya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bincika da yin rikodin sassa daban -daban na saman ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Sanannun Mutane== * [[Andrew Goudie (geographer)|Andrew Goudie]] * [[Ceri Peach]] * [[Danny Dorling]] * [[Gillian Rose (geographer)|Gillian Rose]] * [[Jim Hall (civil engineer)|Jim Hall]] * [[Richard Washington (climatologist)|Richard Washington]] * [[Myles Allen]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.pran.org.uk/ The Poverty Research and Advocacy Network (PRAN) ] {{coord missing|Oxfordshire}} {{Authority control}} * [http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/ Makarantar Geography da gidan yanar gizon muhalli]. 2bzjmitd0yp81l9sly61iyro7kp6lzy 823726 823725 2026-04-21T16:01:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 823726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oxford University Centre for the Environment - geograph.org.uk - 4837492.jpg|thumb|jami ar Oxford na muhalli]] '''Makarantar Geography da Muhalli''' ( '''SoGE''' ) sashi ne na [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a [[Ingila]], wanda ke cikin sashin Kimiyyar Jama'a na jami'ar. Tana cikin Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Oxford akan titin South Parks, a tsakiyar Oxford a [[amurka]]. Sashen ya shahara saboda manhajarsa da tushen bincike. SoGE yana da tsarin ilimi na musamman. A manhaja na dalibai ta kunshi duka biyu jiki da kuma adam labarin kasa, kazalika da GIS da cartography. Yana mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayin jiki da na ɗan adam yayin da yake ba da damar ƙwarewa kan wani batu. SoGE yana da cibiyoyin bincike guda uku: Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli (ECI), Makarantar Kasuwancin Smith da Muhalli (SSEE), da Sashin Nazarin Sufuri (TSU). == Tarihi == A cikin 1887, an nada Halford John Mackinder a matsayin malamin farko na jami'ar a labarin ƙasa. An kafa Makarantar Geography (kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin) a 1899. <ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> Da farko, Makarantar ta kasance a saman bene na tsohon ginin Ashmolean, amma ya wuce waɗannan wuraren kuma ya fara yin hayar dakuna na wucin gadi akan Broad Street a 1909. A cikin 1910 ya koma wani ɓangare na Acland House a Broad Street. A cikin 1922 Makarantar ta koma Holywell House akan Titin Mansfield . <ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> A cikin 2009, an sake masa suna zuwa Makarantar Geography da Muhalli. Geography na Burtaniya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bincika da yin rikodin sassa daban -daban na saman ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Sanannun Mutane== * [[Andrew Goudie (geographer)|Andrew Goudie]] * [[Ceri Peach]] * [[Danny Dorling]] * [[Gillian Rose (geographer)|Gillian Rose]] * [[Jim Hall (civil engineer)|Jim Hall]] * [[Richard Washington (climatologist)|Richard Washington]] * [[Myles Allen]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.pran.org.uk/ The Poverty Research and Advocacy Network (PRAN) ] {{coord missing|Oxfordshire}} {{Authority control}} * [http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/ Makarantar Geography da gidan yanar gizon muhalli]. o3en4tvyfklwqm52ifx61d4ngftuttb 823727 823726 2026-04-21T16:03:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 823727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oxford University Centre for the Environment - geograph.org.uk - 4837492.jpg|thumb|jami ar Oxford na muhalli]] '''Makarantar Geography da Muhalli''' ( '''SoGE''' ) sashi ne na [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a [[Ingila]], wanda ke cikin sashin Kimiyyar Jama'a na jami'ar. Tana cikin Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Oxford akan titin South Parks, a tsakiyar Oxford a [[amurka]]. Sashen ya shahara saboda manhajarsa da tushen bincike. SoGE yana da tsarin ilimi na musamman. A manhaja na dalibai ta kunshi duka biyu jiki da kuma adam labarin kasa, kazalika da GIS da cartography. Yana mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayin jiki da na ɗan adam yayin da yake ba da damar ƙwarewa kan wani batu. SoGE yana da cibiyoyin bincike guda uku: Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli (ECI), Makarantar Kasuwancin Smith da Muhalli (SSEE), da Sashin Nazarin Sufuri (TSU). == Tarihi == A cikin 1887, an nada Halford John Mackinder a matsayin malamin farko na jami'ar a labarin ƙasa. An kafa Makarantar Geography (kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin) a 1899.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> Da farko, Makarantar ta kasance a saman bene na tsohon ginin Ashmolean, amma ya wuce waɗannan wuraren kuma ya fara yin hayar dakuna na wucin gadi akan Broad Street a 1909. A cikin 1910 ya koma wani ɓangare na Acland House a Broad Street. A cikin 1922 Makarantar ta koma Holywell House akan Titin Mansfield . <ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> A cikin 2009, an sake masa suna zuwa Makarantar Geography da Muhalli. Geography na Burtaniya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bincika da yin rikodin sassa daban -daban na saman ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Sanannun Mutane== * [[Andrew Goudie (geographer)|Andrew Goudie]] * [[Ceri Peach]] * [[Danny Dorling]] * [[Gillian Rose (geographer)|Gillian Rose]] * [[Jim Hall (civil engineer)|Jim Hall]] * [[Richard Washington (climatologist)|Richard Washington]] * [[Myles Allen]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.pran.org.uk/ The Poverty Research and Advocacy Network (PRAN) ] {{coord missing|Oxfordshire}} {{Authority control}} * [http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/ Makarantar Geography da gidan yanar gizon muhalli]. s0tezxcyipb7xafpjdddpkt3xuizryw 823728 823727 2026-04-21T16:03:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 823728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oxford University Centre for the Environment - geograph.org.uk - 4837492.jpg|thumb|jami ar Oxford na muhalli]] '''Makarantar Geography da Muhalli''' ( '''SoGE''' ) sashi ne na [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a [[Ingila]], wanda ke cikin sashin Kimiyyar Jama'a na jami'ar. Tana cikin Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Oxford akan titin South Parks, a tsakiyar Oxford a [[amurka]]. Sashen ya shahara saboda manhajarsa da tushen bincike. SoGE yana da tsarin ilimi na musamman. A manhaja na dalibai ta kunshi duka biyu jiki da kuma adam labarin kasa, kazalika da GIS da cartography. Yana mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayin jiki da na ɗan adam yayin da yake ba da damar ƙwarewa kan wani batu. SoGE yana da cibiyoyin bincike guda uku: Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli (ECI), Makarantar Kasuwancin Smith da Muhalli (SSEE), da Sashin Nazarin Sufuri (TSU). == Tarihi == A cikin 1887, an nada Halford John Mackinder a matsayin malamin farko na jami'ar a labarin ƙasa. An kafa Makarantar Geography (kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin) a 1899.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> Da farko, Makarantar ta kasance a saman bene na tsohon ginin Ashmolean, amma ya wuce waɗannan wuraren kuma ya fara yin hayar dakuna na wucin gadi akan Broad Street a 1909. A cikin 1910 ya koma wani ɓangare na Acland House a Broad Street. A cikin 1922 Makarantar ta koma Holywell House akan Titin Mansfield.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> A cikin 2009, an sake masa suna zuwa Makarantar Geography da Muhalli. Geography na Burtaniya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bincika da yin rikodin sassa daban -daban na saman ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Sanannun Mutane== * [[Andrew Goudie (geographer)|Andrew Goudie]] * [[Ceri Peach]] * [[Danny Dorling]] * [[Gillian Rose (geographer)|Gillian Rose]] * [[Jim Hall (civil engineer)|Jim Hall]] * [[Richard Washington (climatologist)|Richard Washington]] * [[Myles Allen]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.pran.org.uk/ The Poverty Research and Advocacy Network (PRAN) ] {{coord missing|Oxfordshire}} {{Authority control}} * [http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/ Makarantar Geography da gidan yanar gizon muhalli]. j70q6cm833e443pykuu0n6qeqa63shj 823729 823728 2026-04-21T16:03:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 823729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oxford University Centre for the Environment - geograph.org.uk - 4837492.jpg|thumb|jami ar Oxford na muhalli]] '''Makarantar Geography da Muhalli''' ( '''SoGE''' ) sashi ne na [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a [[Ingila]], wanda ke cikin sashin Kimiyyar Jama'a na jami'ar. Tana cikin Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Oxford akan titin South Parks, a tsakiyar Oxford a [[amurka]]. Sashen ya shahara saboda manhajarsa da tushen bincike. SoGE yana da tsarin ilimi na musamman. A manhaja na dalibai ta kunshi duka biyu jiki da kuma adam labarin kasa, kazalika da GIS da cartography. Yana mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayin jiki da na ɗan adam yayin da yake ba da damar ƙwarewa kan wani batu. SoGE yana da cibiyoyin bincike guda uku: Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli (ECI), Makarantar Kasuwancin Smith da Muhalli (SSEE), da Sashin Nazarin Sufuri (TSU). == Tarihi == A cikin 1887, an nada Halford John Mackinder a matsayin malamin farko na jami'ar a labarin ƙasa. An kafa Makarantar Geography (kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin) a 1899.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> Da farko, Makarantar ta kasance a saman bene na tsohon ginin Ashmolean, amma ya wuce waɗannan wuraren kuma ya fara yin hayar dakuna na wucin gadi akan Broad Street a 1909. A cikin 1910 ya koma wani ɓangare na Acland House a Broad Street. A cikin 1922 Makarantar ta koma Holywell House akan Titin Mansfield.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> A cikin 2009, an sake masa suna zuwa Makarantar Geography da Muhalli. Geography na Burtaniya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bincika da yin rikodin sassa daban -daban na saman ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Sanannun Mutane== * Andrew Goudie * [[Ceri Peach]] * [[Danny Dorling]] * [[Gillian Rose (geographer)|Gillian Rose]] * [[Jim Hall (civil engineer)|Jim Hall]] * [[Richard Washington (climatologist)|Richard Washington]] * [[Myles Allen]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.pran.org.uk/ The Poverty Research and Advocacy Network (PRAN) ] {{coord missing|Oxfordshire}} {{Authority control}} * [http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/ Makarantar Geography da gidan yanar gizon muhalli]. dh7vr5a4c1a7lgy4joiibpyi4he3lpy 823730 823729 2026-04-21T16:04:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 823730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oxford University Centre for the Environment - geograph.org.uk - 4837492.jpg|thumb|jami ar Oxford na muhalli]] '''Makarantar Geography da Muhalli''' ( '''SoGE''' ) sashi ne na [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a [[Ingila]], wanda ke cikin sashin Kimiyyar Jama'a na jami'ar. Tana cikin Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Oxford akan titin South Parks, a tsakiyar Oxford a [[amurka]]. Sashen ya shahara saboda manhajarsa da tushen bincike. SoGE yana da tsarin ilimi na musamman. A manhaja na dalibai ta kunshi duka biyu jiki da kuma adam labarin kasa, kazalika da GIS da cartography. Yana mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayin jiki da na ɗan adam yayin da yake ba da damar ƙwarewa kan wani batu. SoGE yana da cibiyoyin bincike guda uku: Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli (ECI), Makarantar Kasuwancin Smith da Muhalli (SSEE), da Sashin Nazarin Sufuri (TSU). == Tarihi == A cikin 1887, an nada Halford John Mackinder a matsayin malamin farko na jami'ar a labarin ƙasa. An kafa Makarantar Geography (kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin) a 1899.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> Da farko, Makarantar ta kasance a saman bene na tsohon ginin Ashmolean, amma ya wuce waɗannan wuraren kuma ya fara yin hayar dakuna na wucin gadi akan Broad Street a 1909. A cikin 1910 ya koma wani ɓangare na Acland House a Broad Street. A cikin 1922 Makarantar ta koma Holywell House akan Titin Mansfield.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> A cikin 2009, an sake masa suna zuwa Makarantar Geography da Muhalli. Geography na Burtaniya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bincika da yin rikodin sassa daban -daban na saman ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Sanannun Mutane== * Andrew Goudie * Ceri Peach * [[Danny Dorling]] * [[Gillian Rose (geographer)|Gillian Rose]] * [[Jim Hall (civil engineer)|Jim Hall]] * [[Richard Washington (climatologist)|Richard Washington]] * [[Myles Allen]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.pran.org.uk/ The Poverty Research and Advocacy Network (PRAN) ] {{coord missing|Oxfordshire}} {{Authority control}} * [http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/ Makarantar Geography da gidan yanar gizon muhalli]. e27dqx35csd8ekoez1kl25rs965m3bx 823731 823730 2026-04-21T16:04:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 823731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oxford University Centre for the Environment - geograph.org.uk - 4837492.jpg|thumb|jami ar Oxford na muhalli]] '''Makarantar Geography da Muhalli''' ( '''SoGE''' ) sashi ne na [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a [[Ingila]], wanda ke cikin sashin Kimiyyar Jama'a na jami'ar. Tana cikin Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Oxford akan titin South Parks, a tsakiyar Oxford a [[amurka]]. Sashen ya shahara saboda manhajarsa da tushen bincike. SoGE yana da tsarin ilimi na musamman. A manhaja na dalibai ta kunshi duka biyu jiki da kuma adam labarin kasa, kazalika da GIS da cartography. Yana mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayin jiki da na ɗan adam yayin da yake ba da damar ƙwarewa kan wani batu. SoGE yana da cibiyoyin bincike guda uku: Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli (ECI), Makarantar Kasuwancin Smith da Muhalli (SSEE), da Sashin Nazarin Sufuri (TSU). == Tarihi == A cikin 1887, an nada Halford John Mackinder a matsayin malamin farko na jami'ar a labarin ƙasa. An kafa Makarantar Geography (kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin) a 1899.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> Da farko, Makarantar ta kasance a saman bene na tsohon ginin Ashmolean, amma ya wuce waɗannan wuraren kuma ya fara yin hayar dakuna na wucin gadi akan Broad Street a 1909. A cikin 1910 ya koma wani ɓangare na Acland House a Broad Street. A cikin 1922 Makarantar ta koma Holywell House akan Titin Mansfield.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> A cikin 2009, an sake masa suna zuwa Makarantar Geography da Muhalli. Geography na Burtaniya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bincika da yin rikodin sassa daban -daban na saman ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Sanannun Mutane== * Andrew Goudie * Ceri Peach * Danny Dorling * [[Gillian Rose (geographer)|Gillian Rose]] * [[Jim Hall (civil engineer)|Jim Hall]] * [[Richard Washington (climatologist)|Richard Washington]] * [[Myles Allen]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.pran.org.uk/ The Poverty Research and Advocacy Network (PRAN) ] {{coord missing|Oxfordshire}} {{Authority control}} * [http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/ Makarantar Geography da gidan yanar gizon muhalli]. qj5bznp00cq5l8vg613arrvalmizdw7 823732 823731 2026-04-21T16:04:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 823732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oxford University Centre for the Environment - geograph.org.uk - 4837492.jpg|thumb|jami ar Oxford na muhalli]] '''Makarantar Geography da Muhalli''' ( '''SoGE''' ) sashi ne na [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a [[Ingila]], wanda ke cikin sashin Kimiyyar Jama'a na jami'ar. Tana cikin Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Oxford akan titin South Parks, a tsakiyar Oxford a [[amurka]]. Sashen ya shahara saboda manhajarsa da tushen bincike. SoGE yana da tsarin ilimi na musamman. A manhaja na dalibai ta kunshi duka biyu jiki da kuma adam labarin kasa, kazalika da GIS da cartography. Yana mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayin jiki da na ɗan adam yayin da yake ba da damar ƙwarewa kan wani batu. SoGE yana da cibiyoyin bincike guda uku: Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli (ECI), Makarantar Kasuwancin Smith da Muhalli (SSEE), da Sashin Nazarin Sufuri (TSU). == Tarihi == A cikin 1887, an nada Halford John Mackinder a matsayin malamin farko na jami'ar a labarin ƙasa. An kafa Makarantar Geography (kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin) a 1899.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> Da farko, Makarantar ta kasance a saman bene na tsohon ginin Ashmolean, amma ya wuce waɗannan wuraren kuma ya fara yin hayar dakuna na wucin gadi akan Broad Street a 1909. A cikin 1910 ya koma wani ɓangare na Acland House a Broad Street. A cikin 1922 Makarantar ta koma Holywell House akan Titin Mansfield.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> A cikin 2009, an sake masa suna zuwa Makarantar Geography da Muhalli. Geography na Burtaniya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bincika da yin rikodin sassa daban -daban na saman ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Sanannun Mutane== * Andrew Goudie * Ceri Peach * Danny Dorling * Gillian Rose * [[Jim Hall (civil engineer)|Jim Hall]] * [[Richard Washington (climatologist)|Richard Washington]] * [[Myles Allen]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.pran.org.uk/ The Poverty Research and Advocacy Network (PRAN) ] {{coord missing|Oxfordshire}} {{Authority control}} * [http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/ Makarantar Geography da gidan yanar gizon muhalli]. pr05qfiij7u4hg1dcpc7lbd40dpps4z 823733 823732 2026-04-21T16:04:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 823733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oxford University Centre for the Environment - geograph.org.uk - 4837492.jpg|thumb|jami ar Oxford na muhalli]] '''Makarantar Geography da Muhalli''' ( '''SoGE''' ) sashi ne na [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a [[Ingila]], wanda ke cikin sashin Kimiyyar Jama'a na jami'ar. Tana cikin Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Oxford akan titin South Parks, a tsakiyar Oxford a [[amurka]]. Sashen ya shahara saboda manhajarsa da tushen bincike. SoGE yana da tsarin ilimi na musamman. A manhaja na dalibai ta kunshi duka biyu jiki da kuma adam labarin kasa, kazalika da GIS da cartography. Yana mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayin jiki da na ɗan adam yayin da yake ba da damar ƙwarewa kan wani batu. SoGE yana da cibiyoyin bincike guda uku: Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli (ECI), Makarantar Kasuwancin Smith da Muhalli (SSEE), da Sashin Nazarin Sufuri (TSU). == Tarihi == A cikin 1887, an nada Halford John Mackinder a matsayin malamin farko na jami'ar a labarin ƙasa. An kafa Makarantar Geography (kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin) a 1899.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> Da farko, Makarantar ta kasance a saman bene na tsohon ginin Ashmolean, amma ya wuce waɗannan wuraren kuma ya fara yin hayar dakuna na wucin gadi akan Broad Street a 1909. A cikin 1910 ya koma wani ɓangare na Acland House a Broad Street. A cikin 1922 Makarantar ta koma Holywell House akan Titin Mansfield.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> A cikin 2009, an sake masa suna zuwa Makarantar Geography da Muhalli. Geography na Burtaniya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bincika da yin rikodin sassa daban -daban na saman ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Sanannun Mutane== * Andrew Goudie * Ceri Peach * Danny Dorling * Gillian Rose * Jim Hall * [[Richard Washington (climatologist)|Richard Washington]] * [[Myles Allen]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.pran.org.uk/ The Poverty Research and Advocacy Network (PRAN) ] {{coord missing|Oxfordshire}} {{Authority control}} * [http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/ Makarantar Geography da gidan yanar gizon muhalli]. m5p8r89vrma0vbfjaidat47o8uxp9ok 823734 823733 2026-04-21T16:05:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 823734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oxford University Centre for the Environment - geograph.org.uk - 4837492.jpg|thumb|jami ar Oxford na muhalli]] '''Makarantar Geography da Muhalli''' ( '''SoGE''' ) sashi ne na [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a [[Ingila]], wanda ke cikin sashin Kimiyyar Jama'a na jami'ar. Tana cikin Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Oxford akan titin South Parks, a tsakiyar Oxford a [[amurka]]. Sashen ya shahara saboda manhajarsa da tushen bincike. SoGE yana da tsarin ilimi na musamman. A manhaja na dalibai ta kunshi duka biyu jiki da kuma adam labarin kasa, kazalika da GIS da cartography. Yana mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayin jiki da na ɗan adam yayin da yake ba da damar ƙwarewa kan wani batu. SoGE yana da cibiyoyin bincike guda uku: Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli (ECI), Makarantar Kasuwancin Smith da Muhalli (SSEE), da Sashin Nazarin Sufuri (TSU). == Tarihi == A cikin 1887, an nada Halford John Mackinder a matsayin malamin farko na jami'ar a labarin ƙasa. An kafa Makarantar Geography (kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin) a 1899.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> Da farko, Makarantar ta kasance a saman bene na tsohon ginin Ashmolean, amma ya wuce waɗannan wuraren kuma ya fara yin hayar dakuna na wucin gadi akan Broad Street a 1909. A cikin 1910 ya koma wani ɓangare na Acland House a Broad Street. A cikin 1922 Makarantar ta koma Holywell House akan Titin Mansfield.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> A cikin 2009, an sake masa suna zuwa Makarantar Geography da Muhalli. Geography na Burtaniya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bincika da yin rikodin sassa daban -daban na saman ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Sanannun Mutane== * Andrew Goudie * Ceri Peach * Danny Dorling * Gillian Rose * Jim Hall * Richard Washington * [[Myles Allen]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.pran.org.uk/ The Poverty Research and Advocacy Network (PRAN) ] {{coord missing|Oxfordshire}} {{Authority control}} * [http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/ Makarantar Geography da gidan yanar gizon muhalli]. rsybtdez6e8sm6d1clguqiipftdz0vu 823735 823734 2026-04-21T16:05:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 823735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oxford University Centre for the Environment - geograph.org.uk - 4837492.jpg|thumb|jami ar Oxford na muhalli]] '''Makarantar Geography da Muhalli''' ( '''SoGE''' ) sashi ne na [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a [[Ingila]], wanda ke cikin sashin Kimiyyar Jama'a na jami'ar. Tana cikin Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Oxford akan titin South Parks, a tsakiyar Oxford a [[amurka]]. Sashen ya shahara saboda manhajarsa da tushen bincike. SoGE yana da tsarin ilimi na musamman. A manhaja na dalibai ta kunshi duka biyu jiki da kuma adam labarin kasa, kazalika da GIS da cartography. Yana mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayin jiki da na ɗan adam yayin da yake ba da damar ƙwarewa kan wani batu. SoGE yana da cibiyoyin bincike guda uku: Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli (ECI), Makarantar Kasuwancin Smith da Muhalli (SSEE), da Sashin Nazarin Sufuri (TSU). == Tarihi == A cikin 1887, an nada Halford John Mackinder a matsayin malamin farko na jami'ar a labarin ƙasa. An kafa Makarantar Geography (kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin) a 1899.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> Da farko, Makarantar ta kasance a saman bene na tsohon ginin Ashmolean, amma ya wuce waɗannan wuraren kuma ya fara yin hayar dakuna na wucin gadi akan Broad Street a 1909. A cikin 1910 ya koma wani ɓangare na Acland House a Broad Street. A cikin 1922 Makarantar ta koma Holywell House akan Titin Mansfield.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> A cikin 2009, an sake masa suna zuwa Makarantar Geography da Muhalli. Geography na Burtaniya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bincika da yin rikodin sassa daban -daban na saman ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Sanannun Mutane== * Andrew Goudie * Ceri Peach * Danny Dorling * Gillian Rose * Jim Hall * Richard Washington * [[Myles Allen]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}}{{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.pran.org.uk/ The Poverty Research and Advocacy Network (PRAN) ] {{coord missing|Oxfordshire}} {{Authority control}} * [http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/ Makarantar Geography da gidan yanar gizon muhalli]. n9gbz1odwk4fsbm21olg9olttpwitme 824136 823735 2026-04-22T10:52:44Z Uncle Bash007 9891 Uncle Bash007 moved page [[School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford]] to [[Makarantar Geography da Muhalli, Jami'ar Oxford]]: Misspelled title: In other language 823735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oxford University Centre for the Environment - geograph.org.uk - 4837492.jpg|thumb|jami ar Oxford na muhalli]] '''Makarantar Geography da Muhalli''' ( '''SoGE''' ) sashi ne na [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a [[Ingila]], wanda ke cikin sashin Kimiyyar Jama'a na jami'ar. Tana cikin Cibiyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Oxford akan titin South Parks, a tsakiyar Oxford a [[amurka]]. Sashen ya shahara saboda manhajarsa da tushen bincike. SoGE yana da tsarin ilimi na musamman. A manhaja na dalibai ta kunshi duka biyu jiki da kuma adam labarin kasa, kazalika da GIS da cartography. Yana mai da hankali kan yanayin yanayin jiki da na ɗan adam yayin da yake ba da damar ƙwarewa kan wani batu. SoGE yana da cibiyoyin bincike guda uku: Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli (ECI), Makarantar Kasuwancin Smith da Muhalli (SSEE), da Sashin Nazarin Sufuri (TSU). == Tarihi == A cikin 1887, an nada Halford John Mackinder a matsayin malamin farko na jami'ar a labarin ƙasa. An kafa Makarantar Geography (kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin) a 1899.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> Da farko, Makarantar ta kasance a saman bene na tsohon ginin Ashmolean, amma ya wuce waɗannan wuraren kuma ya fara yin hayar dakuna na wucin gadi akan Broad Street a 1909. A cikin 1910 ya koma wani ɓangare na Acland House a Broad Street. A cikin 1922 Makarantar ta koma Holywell House akan Titin Mansfield.<ref name=":0">https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/247189/Geography-GE.pdf</ref> A cikin 2009, an sake masa suna zuwa Makarantar Geography da Muhalli. Geography na Burtaniya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bincika da yin rikodin sassa daban -daban na saman ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Sanannun Mutane== * Andrew Goudie * Ceri Peach * Danny Dorling * Gillian Rose * Jim Hall * Richard Washington * [[Myles Allen]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}}{{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.pran.org.uk/ The Poverty Research and Advocacy Network (PRAN) ] {{coord missing|Oxfordshire}} {{Authority control}} * [http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/ Makarantar Geography da gidan yanar gizon muhalli]. n9gbz1odwk4fsbm21olg9olttpwitme 0 27266 823897 702498 2026-04-22T00:55:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Sw-ke-fungwa.flac|thumb|yanda ake magana Yaren Ura /Ɓurawa]] [[Fayil:Ura Vajgurore Sheshi qendror.jpg|thumb|yanki masu yaren '''Ɓurawa''']] '''Ɓurawa''', ko '''Ura''' waɗanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Ɓurawa''' da [[Hausa]] (Ɓura), yaren Kainji ne na [[Neja|Jihar Neja]], [[Najeriya]]. Mafi yawan ura suna a ƙauyukan [[Pandogari]] ne. Suna zaune a ƙauyuka biyar na Gulbe, Gabi Tuƙurbe, Urenciki/ɓuranciki, Ringa, '''Ringa kusan itace''' hedkwatar harshen Ɓura, da Ta-utana a kan hanyar Pandogari/Allawa a ƙaramar hukumar [[Ƙaramar Hukumar Rafi|Rafi, Kagara, Najeriya]]. amma akwai bambanci tsakanin yaren Fongu da Ura/Ɓura sai dai bambancin ba sosai ba, akwai kuma bambancin al'ada Fongu da ta ɓurawa.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Kainji/General/Kainji%20language%20overview.pdf |accessdate= 19 November 2021 |title= Kainji languages |last= Blench |first= Roger (2012) |archive-date= 9 April 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200409170929/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Kainji/General/Kainji%20language%20overview.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Harsuna]] h45hm1ilr1pr1811g4u71iziisetms7 0 28011 824093 445700 2026-04-22T09:08:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zabid''' (Larabci: زَبِيد) (wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Zabīd''', '''Zabeed''' da '''Zebid''') birni ne, da ke da mazaunan birane kusan mutane 52,590 a gabar tekun Yaman ta yamma. Yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin garuruwa a Yemen, kuma ya kasance cibiyar UNESCO ta Duniya tun 1993; ko da yake, a cikin 2000, an sanya wurin a cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya a cikin haɗari. Babban Masallacin Zabid, wanda aka fi sani da Masallacin Asha'ir, wanda daya daga cikin mabiyan Muhammad Abu Musa Ashari ya gina a shekara ta 628 miladiyya. Garin shi ne babban birnin kasar Yemen daga karni na 13 zuwa na 15. == Tarihi == Garin, mai suna Wadi Zabid, wadi (ko kwari) a kudu, yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin garuruwa a Yemen. Abu Musa Ashari, daya daga cikin Sahabban Annabi Muhammad, ya fito ne daga Zabid, kuma an gina babban masallacin garin a shekara ta 628 miladiyya, wanda kuma har yanzu a zamanin Annabi. A bisa al'ada, wannan shi ne masallaci na 5 da aka gina a tarihin Musulunci. Wani sahabi; Shi ma Amru bin Ma’adi Yakrib ya fito daga Zabid kuma ya fito daga gidan Zubaid, kabilar Larabawa mai suna wannan gari. Zabid ta kasance hedkwatar kasar Yemen tun daga karni na 13 zuwa na 15, kuma cibiya ce ta kasashen larabawa da musulmi, saboda shahararriyar jami'ar Zabid da ta kasance cibiyar koyar da ilimin addinin musulunci. Ita ce babban birnin daular Ziyadid daga 819-1018 da kuma daular Najahid daga 1022-1158.<ref>"Najahid Dynasty." [http://www.search.eb.com/eb/article-9054701 Encyclopædia Britannica Online], 14 April 2006.</ref> A shekara ta 1067, a lokacin aikin hajji a Makka, dangin Banu Najah karkashin Sa'id Ibn Najah, yarima Zabid, suka far wa tawagar Ali da Asma bint Shihab, suka kashe Ali, suka kama Asmau. An tsare ta ne a wani gidan yari na sirri da ke Zabid, kuma rahotanni sun ce an dasa kan matar nata da aka yanke a kan wani sandar da ake gani a dakin da take ciki.<ref name="fqi">[[Fatema Mernissi|Mernissi, Fatima]]; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). ''The Forgotten Queens of Islam.'' Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-579868-5}}.</ref> Bayan daurin shekara daya a gidan yari ta samu sakon danta da angonta dake garin Sa'ana, dan itama ya afkawa Zabid ya sako ta. Wani Balarabe mai suna Ali ibn Mahdi al-Himyari, dan asalin tsaunukan Yaman ne ya kafa daular Mahdid a Tihama. Ibn Mahdi da mabiyansa sun kona gundumomi da dama a arewacin Zabid. Ya yi rantsuwa cewa zai mayar da Abyssiniyawa cikin bauta, ya kuma umarci mutanensa da su kashe kowa da kowa har da nakasassu.<ref>{{cite book|author=Henry Cassels Kay|title=Yaman its early medieval history|year=1999|page=127|publisher=Adegi Graphics LLC|isbn=1421264641}}</ref> Saboda tsananin firgita mutanen Zabid suka nemi taimako daga Imam Zaidi Ahmed bn Sulayman akan al-Himyari. Limamin Zaidi ya ba da umarnin a kashe Fatiq III saboda zarginsa da luwadi. Imam Fatiq III ko dai Imam ne ya kashe shi, ko Mahdiya ko kuma sojojinsa. Da wannan waki’a ne daular bayi ta zo karshe kuma Mahdid suka karbe Zabid a shekara ta 1158. Dakarun yarima Ayyubid Turan Shah sun mamaye mafi yawan kasar Yemen cikin sauri suka kwace Zabid a ranar 13 ga Mayu 1174. Hadım Suleiman Pasha ya kara wa Ottoman ikon hada da Zabid a 1539.<ref>{{cite book|author=Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Nahrawālī|title=Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71|trans-title=البرق اليماني في الفتح العثماني|year=2002|publisher=OI.B.Tauris|isbn=1860648363|page=88|language=ar}}</ref> Zabid ya zama hedkwatar gudanarwa na Yemen Eyalet.<ref>{{cite book|author=Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Nahrawālī|title=Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71|trans-title=البرق اليماني في الفتح العثماني|year=2002|publisher=OI.B.Tauris|isbn=1860648363|page=88|language=ar}}</ref> [[File:Mausoleum_syedna_Mohammad_Ejuddin.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mausoleum_syedna_Mohammad_Ejuddin.JPG|right|thumb|Kabarin Muhammad Ezzuddin, Zabeed, Yemen]] Dawoodi Bohra dai Syedna Mohammad Ezzuddin shi ma ya isa Zabeed da niyyar zuwa aikin Hajji amma Zaidi ya sanya guba a cikin jirgin ruwa wanda hakan ya shafi Syedna Ezzuddin. Da ya san haka sai ya koma Zabid nan take ya rasu bayan ‘yan kwanaki. Kabarinsa kuma yana cikin Zabid. A yau, duk da haka, Zabid yana kan iyakar ilimi da tattalin arziki na Yemen ta zamani.<ref>Eickelman, Dale F. "The Middle East and Central Asia." (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River: 2002)</ref> == Labarin kasa == Zabid tana da yawan jama'a a birane kusan mutane 52,590 a gabar tekun Yaman ta yamma.<ref>[http://www.geonames.org/maps/google_14.195_43.315.html population of Zabid]</ref> Hotunan Hotunan Zabid == Gidan Tarihi na Duniya == UNESCO ta ayyana Zabid a matsayin Cibiyar Tarihi ta Duniya tun 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/3362|work=unesco.org|title=Decision : CONF 002 XI Inscription: Historic Town of Zabid (Yemen)|date=1993}}</ref> Babban Masallacin Zabid ya mamaye wani babban wuri a garin. Hakanan ana iya ziyartar wuraren jami'ar ta. A cikin 2000, Zabid yana cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya a cikin haɗari; An yi jerin sunayen ne bisa umarnin gwamnatin Yaman saboda rashin kulawa da kiyayewa. A cewar wani rahoto na UNESCO, kusan "kusan 40% na gidajen birni an maye gurbinsu da gine-ginen siminti, kuma sauran gidaje da tsohuwar souk suna cikin lalacewa.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/611/threats/ UNESCO World Heritage Site in Danger 2000: Historic Town of Zabid]</ref> Rubutun a matsayin wurin Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO, yana fuskantar yiwuwar asarar wannan babban matsayi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sabanews.net/en/news176233.htm|title=Is Yemen Able to Keep Zabid Listed in World Heritage?|author=Ahmad al-Aghbari and Mohammad al-Ulofi|publisher=Saba News|date=February 15, 2009}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Tun daga 1920, Zabid yana ɗaya daga cikin wurare biyu a cikin Arab wanda ke girma indigo. Zabid kuma yana noma da samar da auduga.<ref name="Prothero85">{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Arabia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=85|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/85/|access-date=2021-12-13|archive-date=2016-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115143219/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/85/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Birtaniyya ta ambaci rigingimun kabilanci a matsayin dagula tattalin arzikin kasar a Zabid a farkon karni na 20.<ref name="Prothero103">{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Arabia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=103|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/103/|access-date=2021-12-13|archive-date=2018-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622165406/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/103/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Zabid, Yemen.jpg|Zabid File:Historic Town of Zabid-111622.jpg|Katangar Masallacin al-Iskanderiya File:Historic Town of Zabid-111630.jpg|Masallacin Al-Ikanderiya File:Historic Town of Zabid-111624.jpg|Duban titi Zabid File:Historic Town of Zabid-111628.jpg|Lalacewa ga tsarin tarihi File:Historic Town of Zabid-111647.jpg|Masallacin Al-Kamiliya </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Biranen Yemen]] 2xeu1yp2ne70jd7t1fo50z0p3ueteha 0 28894 823969 551064 2026-04-22T05:31:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Youssouf Djaoro''' (an haife shi 28 Maris 1963) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo [[Cadi|ne na ƙasar Chadi]]. Ya fara fitowa a cikin fim din ''[[Daresalam]]'' a shekarar 2000 inda ya taka rawar Tom. [[Issa Serge Coelo|Issa Serge Coelo ne ya ba]] da umarni kuma shi ne na farko a cikin fina-finan da suka yi haɗin gwiwa da su. ''[[DP75: Tartina City|Tartina City]]'', kuma Coelo a 2006 a inda Djaoro ya fito ɗan jarida ya lashe lambar yabo ta Innovation a bikin 31st Montreal World Film Festival. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.unifrance.org/news/5097/montreal-world-film-festival-awards |title=Montreal World Film Festival Awards |access-date=2022-01-28 |archive-date=2020-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812010340/https://en.unifrance.org/news/5097/montreal-world-film-festival-awards |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga baya a shekara ta 2006 ya fito a cikin fim ɗin ''[[Dry Season (fim)|Daratt]]'' yana taka rawar Nassara. Mahamat Saleh Haroun ne ya ba da umarni, shirin ''Darratt ya'' lashe lambar yabo ta Grand Special Jury Prize a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Venice karo na 63, da kuma wasu kyautuka takwas a Venice da bikin fina-finai da talabijin na Panafrican na Ouagadougou. Don rawar da ya taka a cikin shirin ''[[A Screaming Man]]'', Djaoro ya lashe kyautar Hugo na Azurfa a matsayin ɗan wasa da yafi kowa taka rawa a Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Chicago na 46. == Fina-finan jarumi == * ''[[Daresalam]]'' (2000) a matsayin Tom * ''[[DP75: Tartina City|Birnin Tartina]]'' (2006) * ''[[Dry Season (fim)|Daratt]]'' (2006) a matsayin Nassara * ''[[A Screaming Man|A Screeming man]]'' (2010) a matsayin Adam * ''Ariane's Thread'' (2014) a matsayin Mai gadi. == Karin Bayani ==   == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb name|0229105}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Jarumai maza a karni na 21]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1963]] [[Category:Jaruman fim na kasar Chadi]] mjn2luklyqy4y1yh6i6x9gq0e9r41m9 0 32571 823826 513096 2026-04-21T20:14:58Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Issam Jebali''' ({{Lang-ar|عصام الجبالي}}; an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1991) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙafa]] ne ɗan Tunisiya wanda. ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga kulob din Danish Superliga Odense Boldklub. <ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|issam-jbali/88316}}</ref> == Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya == Jebali ya,sanya hannu tare da kulob ɗin Värnamo a cikin shekarar 2015.kafin ya shiga tare da Elfsborg a Yulin shekarar 2016. A watan Agusta 2018 ya sanya hannu don Rosenborg. A cikin watan Janairu 2019 ya sanya hannu kan Al-Wehda. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.alriyadh.com/1734067 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-06-03 |archive-date=2022-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603221134/https://www.alriyadh.com/1734067 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Al-Wehda da Jebali sun sami suka daga Rosenborg a matsayin martani ga Al-Wehda da ke bayyana rattaba hannu kan Jebali kafin a kammala yarjejeniya da Rosenborg. A ranar 30 ga watan Yuli 2019, an tabbatar da cewa Jebali ya koma kulob din Danish Superliga Odense Boldklub kan kwantiragin shekaru uku. <ref>[https://www.ob.dk/nyhedsarkiv/ob-henter-issam-jebali/ OB henter Issam Jebali], ob.dk, 30 July 2019</ref> A watan Satumba na 2020, ya ci kwallaye hudu a wasanni uku, kuma ayyukansa sun sa aka sanya shi a matsayin Gwarzon dan wasan Danish Superliga na watan. == Kididdigar sana'a/Aiki == === Kulob/Ƙungiya === {{Updated|match played 29 August 2021}}<ref name="Soccerway" /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin gida ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri |- | rowspan="3" | IFK Värnamo | 2015 | rowspan="2" | Superettan | 26 | 5 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 27 | 5 |- | 2016 | 15 | 6 | 3 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 18 | 6 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 41 ! 11 ! 4 ! 0 ! colspan="2" | - ! 45 ! 11 |- | rowspan="4" | Idan Elfsborg | 2016 | rowspan="3" | Allsvenskan | 15 | 7 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 15 | 7 |- | 2017 | 29 | 10 | 2 | 1 | colspan="2" | - | 31 | 11 |- | 2018 | 15 | 3 | 4 | 2 | colspan="2" | - | 19 | 5 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 59 ! 20 ! 6 ! 3 ! colspan="2" | - ! 65 ! 23 |- | Rosenborg | 2018 | Eliteserien | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 5 |- | Al-Wehda | 2018-19 | Saudi Pro League | 13 | 3 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 14 | 3 |- | rowspan="4" | OB | 2019-20 | rowspan="3" | Superliga | 24 | 3 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 25 | 3 |- | 2020-21 | 30 | 10 | 2 | 1 | colspan="2" | - | 32 | 11 |- | 2021-22 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 7 | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 62 ! 14 ! 3 ! 1 ! colspan="2" | - ! 65 ! 15 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 182 ! 51 ! 15 ! 4 ! 5 ! 2 ! 202 ! 57 |} == Girmamawa == '''Mutum''' * Gwarzon dan wasan Superliga : Satumba 2020 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Tunisiya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 6cdt6qbdputcivsm3qrbojxejhmgzpl 823827 823826 2026-04-21T20:15:10Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Issam Jebali''' ({{Lang-ar|عصام الجبالي}}; an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1991) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙafa]] ne ɗan Tunisiya wanda. ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga kulob din Danish Superliga Odense Boldklub. <ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|issam-jbali/88316}}</ref> == Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya == Jebali ya,sanya hannu tare da kulob ɗin Värnamo a cikin shekarar 2015.kafin ya shiga tare da Elfsborg a Yulin shekarar 2016. A watan Agusta 2018 ya sanya hannu don Rosenborg. A cikin watan Janairu 2019 ya sanya hannu kan Al-Wehda. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.alriyadh.com/1734067 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-06-03 |archive-date=2022-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603221134/https://www.alriyadh.com/1734067 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Al-Wehda da Jebali sun sami suka daga Rosenborg a matsayin martani ga Al-Wehda da ke bayyana rattaba hannu kan Jebali kafin a kammala yarjejeniya da Rosenborg. A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2019, an tabbatar da cewa Jebali ya koma kulob din Danish Superliga Odense Boldklub kan kwantiragin shekaru uku. <ref>[https://www.ob.dk/nyhedsarkiv/ob-henter-issam-jebali/ OB henter Issam Jebali], ob.dk, 30 July 2019</ref> A watan Satumba na 2020, ya ci kwallaye hudu a wasanni uku, kuma ayyukansa sun sa aka sanya shi a matsayin Gwarzon dan wasan Danish Superliga na watan. == Kididdigar sana'a/Aiki == === Kulob/Ƙungiya === {{Updated|match played 29 August 2021}}<ref name="Soccerway" /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin gida ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri |- | rowspan="3" | IFK Värnamo | 2015 | rowspan="2" | Superettan | 26 | 5 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 27 | 5 |- | 2016 | 15 | 6 | 3 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 18 | 6 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 41 ! 11 ! 4 ! 0 ! colspan="2" | - ! 45 ! 11 |- | rowspan="4" | Idan Elfsborg | 2016 | rowspan="3" | Allsvenskan | 15 | 7 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 15 | 7 |- | 2017 | 29 | 10 | 2 | 1 | colspan="2" | - | 31 | 11 |- | 2018 | 15 | 3 | 4 | 2 | colspan="2" | - | 19 | 5 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 59 ! 20 ! 6 ! 3 ! colspan="2" | - ! 65 ! 23 |- | Rosenborg | 2018 | Eliteserien | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 5 |- | Al-Wehda | 2018-19 | Saudi Pro League | 13 | 3 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 14 | 3 |- | rowspan="4" | OB | 2019-20 | rowspan="3" | Superliga | 24 | 3 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 25 | 3 |- | 2020-21 | 30 | 10 | 2 | 1 | colspan="2" | - | 32 | 11 |- | 2021-22 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 7 | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 62 ! 14 ! 3 ! 1 ! colspan="2" | - ! 65 ! 15 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 182 ! 51 ! 15 ! 4 ! 5 ! 2 ! 202 ! 57 |} == Girmamawa == '''Mutum''' * Gwarzon dan wasan Superliga : Satumba 2020 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Tunisiya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 0r6vxi71y1fxk1kkww3004jsqwf601m 0 33307 823676 495955 2026-04-21T15:38:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 823676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flamme olympique.jpg|thumb|Gasar Mata ta Kamaru]] [[Fayil:Brazil women's national football team 2012.jpg|thumb|Gasar Mata ta Kamaru]] Gasar '''mata ta [[Kamaru]]''', wacce ake kira tun daga kakar shekarar 2020-2021 '''Guinness Super League ta''' saboda tallafawa, ita ce ta farko a gasar kwallon kafa ta mata a [[Kamaru]].<ref>Guinness Cameroun veut renforcer son soutien au championnat camerounais". africafootunited.com. Wiliam Tchango. 26 June 2021.</ref> Hukumar kwallon kafar Kamaru ce ke gudanar da gasar. == Tarihi == An kirkiro gasar a shekarar 1990. Daga wannan shekara zuwa 2007 ne kawai aka buga wasannin lig-lig na yanki tare da zakarun yankin da suka hadu a Yaoundé domin lashe gasar kasa. An buga gasar farko ta kasa a sabon tsarinta a shekarar 2008. == Zakarun Turai == Jerin zakarun da suka zo na biyu:<ref>Cameroon - List of Women Champions." rsssf.com Hervé Morard. 11 August 2021.</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Zakarun Turai ! Masu tsere |- | 1990-91 | Canon Yaoundé | |- | 1991-92 | | |- | 1992-93 | Cosmos de Douala | Nufi Forestière |- | 1993-94 | Canon Yaoundé | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 1994-95 | | |- | 1995-96 | ? | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 1996-97 | | |- | 1997-98 | Lorema FC Yaoundé | |- | 1998-99 | | |- | 1999-00 | Canon Yaoundé | |- | 2000-01 | | |- | 2001-02 | Magic Bafoussam | |- | 2002-03 | Ngondi Nkam de Yabassi | Louves Minproff |- | 2003-04 | Canon Yaoundé | Tonnerre Yaoundé |- | 2004-05 | | |- | 2005-06 | Canon Yaoundé | Ngondi Nkam de Yabassi |- | 2006-07 | Canon Yaoundé | Justice de Douala |- | 2007-08 | Lorema FC Yaoundé | Sawa United Girls de Douala |- bgcolor="#fcd3c7" | 2008-09 | colspan="2" align="center" | ''ba a rike'' |- | 2009-10 | Franck Rohlicek de Douala | Sawa United Girls de Douala |- | 2010-11 | Louves Minproff | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 2011-12 | Louves Minproff | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 2012-13 | Caïman FF de Douala | Louves Minproff |- | 2013-14 | | |- | 2014-15 | Louves Minproff | |- | 2015-16 | Amazones FAP FC | |- | 2016-17 | colspan="2" align="center" | ''watsi'' |- | 2017-18 | AS Awa FC | Amazones FAP FC |- | 2018-19 | Louves Minproff | Amazones FAP FC |- | 2019-20 | Louves Minproff | AS Awa |- | 2020-21 | AS Awa | Louves Minproff |- |} == Yawancin kulob masu nasara a gasar == == Duba kuma == * Gasar cin kofin mata na Kamaru. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://fecafoot-officiel.com/guinness-super-league/ Guinness Super League] - gidan yanar gizon hukuma na FECAFOOT ktwiaoxoerlgzonczgqcb5bz6ae2lkq 823677 823676 2026-04-21T15:38:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 823677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flamme olympique.jpg|thumb|Gasar Mata ta Kamaru]] [[Fayil:Brazil women's national football team 2012.jpg|thumb|Gasar Mata ta Kamaru]] Gasar '''mata ta [[Kamaru]]''', wacce ake kira tun daga kakar shekarar 2020-2021 '''Guinness Super League ta''' saboda tallafawa, ita ce ta farko a gasar kwallon kafa ta mata a [[Kamaru]].<ref>Guinness Cameroun veut renforcer son soutien au championnat camerounais". africafootunited.com. Wiliam Tchango. 26 June 2021.</ref> Hukumar kwallon kafar Kamaru ce ke gudanar da gasar. == Tarihi == An kirkiro gasar a shekarar 1990. Daga wannan shekara zuwa 2007 ne kawai aka buga wasannin lig-lig na yanki tare da zakarun yankin da suka hadu a [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]] domin lashe gasar kasa. An buga gasar farko ta kasa a sabon tsarinta a shekarar 2008. == Zakarun Turai == Jerin zakarun da suka zo na biyu:<ref>Cameroon - List of Women Champions." rsssf.com Hervé Morard. 11 August 2021.</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Zakarun Turai ! Masu tsere |- | 1990-91 | Canon Yaoundé | |- | 1991-92 | | |- | 1992-93 | Cosmos de Douala | Nufi Forestière |- | 1993-94 | Canon Yaoundé | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 1994-95 | | |- | 1995-96 | ? | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 1996-97 | | |- | 1997-98 | Lorema FC Yaoundé | |- | 1998-99 | | |- | 1999-00 | Canon Yaoundé | |- | 2000-01 | | |- | 2001-02 | Magic Bafoussam | |- | 2002-03 | Ngondi Nkam de Yabassi | Louves Minproff |- | 2003-04 | Canon Yaoundé | Tonnerre Yaoundé |- | 2004-05 | | |- | 2005-06 | Canon Yaoundé | Ngondi Nkam de Yabassi |- | 2006-07 | Canon Yaoundé | Justice de Douala |- | 2007-08 | Lorema FC Yaoundé | Sawa United Girls de Douala |- bgcolor="#fcd3c7" | 2008-09 | colspan="2" align="center" | ''ba a rike'' |- | 2009-10 | Franck Rohlicek de Douala | Sawa United Girls de Douala |- | 2010-11 | Louves Minproff | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 2011-12 | Louves Minproff | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 2012-13 | Caïman FF de Douala | Louves Minproff |- | 2013-14 | | |- | 2014-15 | Louves Minproff | |- | 2015-16 | Amazones FAP FC | |- | 2016-17 | colspan="2" align="center" | ''watsi'' |- | 2017-18 | AS Awa FC | Amazones FAP FC |- | 2018-19 | Louves Minproff | Amazones FAP FC |- | 2019-20 | Louves Minproff | AS Awa |- | 2020-21 | AS Awa | Louves Minproff |- |} == Yawancin kulob masu nasara a gasar == == Duba kuma == * Gasar cin kofin mata na Kamaru. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://fecafoot-officiel.com/guinness-super-league/ Guinness Super League] - gidan yanar gizon hukuma na FECAFOOT 7tvra91gjweu0fxba8spgzdk99pa6nh 823678 823677 2026-04-21T15:38:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 823678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flamme olympique.jpg|thumb|Gasar Mata ta Kamaru]] [[Fayil:Brazil women's national football team 2012.jpg|thumb|Gasar Mata ta Kamaru]] Gasar '''mata ta [[Kamaru]]''', wacce ake kira tun daga kakar shekarar 2020-2021 '''Guinness Super League ta''' saboda tallafawa, ita ce ta farko a gasar kwallon kafa ta mata a [[Kamaru]].<ref>Guinness Cameroun veut renforcer son soutien au championnat camerounais". africafootunited.com. Wiliam Tchango. 26 June 2021.</ref> Hukumar kwallon kafar Kamaru ce ke gudanar da gasar. == Tarihi == An kirkiro gasar a shekarar 1990. Daga wannan shekara zuwa 2007 ne kawai aka buga wasannin lig-lig na yanki tare da zakarun yankin da suka hadu a [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]] domin lashe gasar kasa. An buga gasar farko ta kasa a sabon tsarinta a shekarar 2008. == Zakarun Turai == Jerin zakarun da suka zo na biyu:<ref>Cameroon - List of Women Champions." rsssf.com Hervé Morard. 11 August 2021.</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Zakarun Turai ! Masu tsere |- | 1990-91 | Canon Yaoundé | |- | 1991-92 | | |- | 1992-93 | Cosmos de Douala | Nufi Forestière |- | 1993-94 | Canon Yaoundé | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 1994-95 | | |- | 1995-96 | ? | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 1996-97 | | |- | 1997-98 | Lorema FC Yaoundé | |- | 1998-99 | | |- | 1999-00 | Canon Yaoundé | |- | 2000-01 | | |- | 2001-02 | Magic Bafoussam | |- | 2002-03 | Ngondi Nkam de Yabassi | Louves Minproff |- | 2003-04 | Canon Yaoundé | Tonnerre Yaoundé |- | 2004-05 | | |- | 2005-06 | Canon Yaoundé | Ngondi Nkam de Yabassi |- | 2006-07 | Canon Yaoundé | Justice de Douala |- | 2007-08 | Lorema FC Yaoundé | Sawa United Girls de Douala |- bgcolor="#fcd3c7" | 2008-09 | colspan="2" align="center" | ''ba a rike'' |- | 2009-10 | Franck Rohlicek de Douala | Sawa United Girls de Douala |- | 2010-11 | Louves Minproff | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 2011-12 | Louves Minproff | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 2012-13 | Caïman FF de Douala | Louves Minproff |- | 2013-14 | | |- | 2014-15 | Louves Minproff | |- | 2015-16 | Amazones FAP FC | |- | 2016-17 | colspan="2" align="center" | ''watsi'' |- | 2017-18 | AS Awa FC | Amazones FAP FC |- | 2018-19 | Louves Minproff | Amazones FAP FC |- | 2019-20 | Louves Minproff | AS Awa |- | 2020-21 | AS Awa | Louves Minproff |- |} == Yawancin kulob masu nasara a gasar == == Duba kuma == * Gasar cin kofin mata na Kamaru. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://fecafoot-officiel.com/guinness-super-league/ Guinness Super League] - gidan yanar gizon hukuma na FECAFOOT hau4sdrbpk9i3cu6owpsxn8ix0m36ru 823679 823678 2026-04-21T15:39:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 823679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flamme olympique.jpg|thumb|Gasar Mata ta Kamaru]] [[Fayil:Brazil women's national football team 2012.jpg|thumb|Gasar Mata ta Kamaru]] Gasar '''mata ta [[Kamaru]]''', wacce ake kira tun daga kakar shekarar 2020-2021 '''Guinness Super League ta''' saboda tallafawa, ita ce ta farko a gasar kwallon kafa ta mata a [[Kamaru]].<ref>Guinness Cameroun veut renforcer son soutien au championnat camerounais". africafootunited.com. Wiliam Tchango. 26 June 2021.</ref> Hukumar kwallon kafar Kamaru ce ke gudanar da gasar. == Tarihi == An kirkiro gasar a shekarar 1990. Daga wannan shekara zuwa 2007 ne kawai aka buga wasannin lig-lig na yanki tare da zakarun yankin da suka hadu a [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]] domin lashe gasar kasa. An buga gasar farko ta kasa a sabon tsarinta a shekarar 2008. == Zakarun Turai == Jerin zakarun da suka zo na biyu:<ref>Cameroon - List of Women Champions." rsssf.com Hervé Morard. 11 August 2021.</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Zakarun Turai ! Masu tsere |- | 1990-91 | Canon Yaoundé | |- | 1991-92 | | |- | 1992-93 | Cosmos de Douala | Nufi Forestière |- | 1993-94 | Canon Yaoundé | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 1994-95 | | |- | 1995-96 | ? | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 1996-97 | | |- | 1997-98 | Lorema FC Yaoundé | |- | 1998-99 | | |- | 1999-00 | Canon Yaoundé | |- | 2000-01 | | |- | 2001-02 | Magic Bafoussam | |- | 2002-03 | Ngondi Nkam de Yabassi | Louves Minproff |- | 2003-04 | Canon Yaoundé | Tonnerre Yaoundé |- | 2004-05 | | |- | 2005-06 | Canon Yaoundé | Ngondi Nkam de Yabassi |- | 2006-07 | Canon Yaoundé | Justice de Douala |- | 2007-08 | Lorema FC Yaoundé | Sawa United Girls de Douala |- bgcolor="#fcd3c7" | 2008-09 | colspan="2" align="center" | ''ba a rike'' |- | 2009-10 | Franck Rohlicek de Douala | Sawa United Girls de Douala |- | 2010-11 | Louves Minproff | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 2011-12 | Louves Minproff | Lorema FC Yaoundé |- | 2012-13 | Caïman FF de Douala | Louves Minproff |- | 2013-14 | | |- | 2014-15 | Louves Minproff | |- | 2015-16 | Amazones FAP FC | |- | 2016-17 | colspan="2" align="center" | ''watsi'' |- | 2017-18 | AS Awa FC | Amazones FAP FC |- | 2018-19 | Louves Minproff | Amazones FAP FC |- | 2019-20 | Louves Minproff | AS Awa |- | 2020-21 | AS Awa | Louves Minproff |- |} == Yawancin kulob masu nasara a gasar == == Duba kuma == * Gasar cin kofin mata na Kamaru. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://fecafoot-officiel.com/guinness-super-league/ Guinness Super League] - gidan yanar gizon hukuma na FECAFOOT afjsw701kbshedq9s4fhyrb2bg67s5d 0 37293 823634 560038 2026-04-21T13:29:29Z ~2026-24528-11 44195 /* iyali */ 823634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} BONGOY,Dr Mpekesa, BAMA, (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1938), a Bazankusu, Zaire, yakasance sanannan mai tattalin arziki a Zaire.<ref>Africa who's who (2nd ed ed.). London: Africa Books Ltd. 1991. ISBN 0-903274-17-5. OCLC 24954393. {{cite book}}: p.p,324.381|edition= has extra text (help)</ref> 2 EPOUSES ( LA PREMIERE DECEDEE EN AOUT 1983 ) ET 5 ENFANTS == karatu da aiki == Yayi makarantar Mpoma Primary School, dake Basankusu, 1945 zuwa 1952, Petit Séminaire, Lempu, 1952-58, University of Lovanium, Kinshasa,1959 zuwa 1964, University of California, Berkeley, Ċalifornia, USA, 1966 zuwa 1969, matemakin minista na Plan da Regional Development, daga baya matemakin minista na Public Works and Regional Development, 1969 zuwa 1970, aka bashi director na CERDAS. == Manazarta == imcgqg2so3sxdt3j24hw1gkbvisriyv 3 37596 824138 801635 2026-04-22T10:54:40Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Brenda Fassie - American Actor and South African singer conundrum */ Mayarwa 824138 wikitext text/x-wiki User:Gwanki Kamin magana shekaran jiya akan in Gyara salmon editing Ina nasamu tsaikon yin maka reply Ne saboda bantaba tataunawa ba ban kuma San yanda akeyi ba == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ibrahim abusufyan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ibrahim abusufyan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:07, 5 Oktoba 2022 (UTC) == Goge maƙala == Barka da aiki @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], za kaga na goge dukkan maƙalolin da ka ƙirƙira a baya-bayan nan, hakan ya faru ne sakamakon rashin cika ƙa'idar ƙirƙirar maƙala a Hausa Wikipedia. Naga kai sabon edita ne, akwai buƙatar ka karanta [https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_mu%C6%99ala Wannan shafin] kafin ka ci gaba da ƙirƙirar shaguna a Hausa Wikipedia. Idan kana da tambaya kuma zaka iya Tuntuɓa ta a shafi na na tattaunawa. Nagode [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 16:42, 18 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) == Murnar Cin gasa == @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], Inason nayi amfani da wannan damar domin nayi maka murnar cin gasar WPWP da kayi a mataki da hudu, inamaka fatan alkhaeri. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 11:09, 23 Nuwamba, 2023 (UTC) :@saifullahi As godiya nikeyi,mungode da gudumuwar da kuke bamu wajen sanin yadda ake inganta wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 11:48, 4 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Hattara == Barka da aiki [[user:Ibrahim abusufyan]] naga [https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musamman:Contributions/Ibrahim_abusufyan gudummuwar ka] kana kokari sosai amma akwai wasu gyara da nake so nayi ma. Yawancin gyaran ka a Hausa Wikipedia kananun gyara ne wanda kuma basu da amfani. Misali; * Idan an rubuta '''Anyi abu a 1999''' kai kuma sai kaje ka kara '''Shekarar''' misali sai ka saka '''Anyi abu a [Shekarar] 1999''', ga misali a [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saliou_Guindo&diff=prev&oldid=429367 nan] wanda hakan ba wani abu ne ba kuma bai dace ba a tsarin rubutu. * Haka kake yi a idan sunan ƙasa yazo misali a [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mutanen_Hajong&diff=prev&oldid=429365 Nan] * Haka kake yi idan kwanan wata yazo shima ga misali [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhild_M%C3%B6ller&diff=prev&oldid=429350 a nan]. Yanayin rubutun ka ya nuna kana so ka tara yawan edits ne ba da niyyar gyara ba. Dan haka ne yasa dukan edits dinka Ƙananan edit ne. Wannan bai dace da tsarin yin editing a Wikipedia ba. -[[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 07:36, 31 Mayu 2024 (UTC) :@Gwanki kayi blocking ina saboda ban maka reply ba da kuma ka'idojin da na karya game da yadda ake editing ,naki yimaka reply ne sakamakon rashin anfani da ahafin tataunawa,ni sabon edita ne shiyasa anma insha allahu zan gyara domin maida hanki akan inganta wimipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 11:10, 4 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) :@Gwanki nayi delay wajen yimaka magana wajen Saba dokoki DA Nike yi akan editing Wikipedia,Ni sabon edita Ne bantaba anfani DA shafin cinke ba shiyasa ban mama reply back,anma idan ka buds Ni to Zan kiyayr kuma Na maida hankali wajen jajircewa akan inganta wannan peji Na Wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 11:55, 4 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Request for unlock account == User:Gwanki kayi bloking ina sakamakon kamin magana akan yanayin yadda nike edit inna ,da kuma kaidoji dana saba wurin yin editing ,ni sabin edita ne ban taba anfani da shafin tataunawa ba ,naki maidoma da ansa ne sakamakon ban taba anfani da shafin tataunawa ba, zanyi kokari kiyayae duk wasu dokoki na wikipedia ,dimin jajircewa wajen inganta mukaloli, nagide [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 16:08, 3 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Request for unlock Account == User:Bnhamid hassan nayi magana da gwanki anma naga kamar baimin reply ba [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 22:51, 4 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Anfani karawa juna sani == @[[User:Dev moha2507|Dev moha2507]] Hakika kana kokari sosai wajen inganta mukalu kaci gaba da jajircewa akan ayyukanka [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 13:22, 6 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC) == Gaisuwa == @[[User:Dev ammar|Dev ammar]] Barka da wannan lokaci, Sannu da aiki. [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 13:25, 6 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC) :barka dai sannunka da kokari [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 13:29, 6 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC) == Samfuri:Coord missing == Assalam @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], Na kasa gane me kake kirkira ne da wannan [[Samfuri:Coord missing]] a shafin Hausa Wikipedia? Template ne ko menene? [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 09:37, 7 Satumba 2024 (UTC) :Wannan shafin kirkiraren shafi ne ,ni ina saka mashi databox ne sai dai bansani ba ko hakan ya saba wa ka'ida ne [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 09:38, 7 Satumba 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] Bani na kirkireshi ba ni nasaka mashi databox ne kawai [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 09:39, 7 Satumba 2024 (UTC) ::To ai ba article bane balle a saka masa databox! Take note pls, articles kadai ake saka wa databox., suma sai idan an shigar da su a Wikidata. Amma am sure nan gaba zaka gane. ::Stay safe [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 11:11, 7 Satumba 2024 (UTC) == Sanya Manazarta (reference) ga mukala == Assalam @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], Godiya sosai da gudummawar da kake ba wannan shafin da fatan zaka cigaba da jajircewa. [[Offishi mai tsarki na jakadanci a Ruwanda]] ya kamata ka saka mata mukala ko guda daya. Ga dukkan alama fassara ta kayi, to kana iya sanya wa ko ka turamun English version din shi sai in saka. Mu huta lafiya. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 11:34, 9 Disamba 2024 (UTC) :Idan nafahimceka. Cewa kataba fasara wannan shafin kake nufi ko.kuwa [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 11:37, 9 Disamba 2024 (UTC) == Speedy Deletion [[Ado]] == Assalam @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], An goge wannan shafi da ka kirkira [[Ado]] saboda babu isassun hujjoji da zasu nuna cewa akwai garin a Jihar Oyo. Idan kuma kana da hujja kana iya jayayya a maido shafin ku inganta ta. @[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] tagged SPD.. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 15:57, 18 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC) == [[Ahmed Sekou]] == Assalam @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], Wannan mukala da ka kirkira tana da gyararraki da yawa. Na farko suna (title) ba shine sunan da aka san shi ba [[Ahmed Sékou Touré]] ne daidai. Na biyu babu ma'ana. Saboda haka zan goge mafi akasarin shafin in kuma gyara sunan. Da fatan za'a rika kulawa nan gaba Bissalam [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 07:44, 23 Mayu 2025 (UTC) :An goge shafin cikin gaggawa saboda akwai shafin a Hausa Wikipedia [[Ahmed Sékou Touré]] [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 07:46, 23 Mayu 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] Na lura da gyaran da kayi nagode aiki mai kyau [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 16:06, 22 Disamba 2025 (UTC) == [[Brenda Fassie]] - American Actor and South African singer conundrum == Assalam, Wannan take da ke sama akwai mutane biyu masu irin sunan kuma na ga ka kirkiri mukala na jarumin fim dan Amurka da Kanada [[Brenda Fassie]] amma kuma bayanan da ke cikin na mawakiya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu '''Brenda Nokuzola Fassie.''' Na goge sassan kuma na gyara amma a rika kula pls. Mu huta lafiya. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 07:59, 23 Mayu 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Patroller|Patroller]] Naga gyararakin da kamin Kuma nagide hakan yazo be sakamakon inacikin aikin waya ta ta mutu to nagide da gyaranka Anna Daman nasan cewa akwai gyara a ciki [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 08:16, 23 Mayu 2025 (UTC) ::Mashaa Allahu @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 10:54, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == JAFAN == Barka da aiki @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] wannan mukala mai take a sama hakika ta shiga cikin taskataccin mukaloli masu kyau. Kayi kokari sosai sannan a cigaba da kokari. Allah ya taimaka🙏 [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 11:05, 17 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) == Gyran muƙala == Sannu da kokari Malam - [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] Yakamawa wanan [[Kitty (1810 jirgin ruwa]] mukalan ka gyran ta [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 10:10, 26 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) Malam sadam kayi gagawa anma hakan zanyi Sai Wani Abu ya gittomin idan ka lura ai duk sauran mukalun kusan duk haka nayi sannan. Na gyarasu na Dan bari ne nagama Wani meeting ne sannan anma kaima kasan ai bazanbarta haka ba[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 13:02, 26 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) == Notice of expiration of your sysop right == <div dir="ltr">Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "sysop" (Admins) will expire on 2025-11-05 06:01:02. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[User:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[User talk:Leaderbot|talk]]) 19:42, 29 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)</div> == [[Anis Al-Hujjaj]] == Hello Ibrahim! I don't know any Hausa but I am good with wiki-code. I saw that you did a translation of Anis Al-Hujjaj but the translation tool created some errors with citations. I have managed to fix the errors and the article is looking great. Thank you for translating the article I started, and if I can similarly help you with translations of [[:w:en:Wikipedia:GLAM/Khalili#New_articles_created_relating_to_the_Khalili_Collections|articles on related topics]] just ask on [[:w:en:User Talk:MartinPoulter|my English Wikipedia Talk page]]. Best wishes, [[User:MartinPoulter|MartinPoulter]] ([[User talk:MartinPoulter|talk]]) 11:40, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) :ok thanks for the correction but mostly when there is network issue the translation tool used to gives such errors [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 12:03, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) pipq6a585hbxm0r69ph4blrwp7i76e2 0 39428 824100 813782 2026-04-22T09:37:38Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Éva Andrea Hajmási''' (an haife ta 14 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1987)<ref name="profile_summer_paralympics_2016">{{Cite web|title=Éva Andrea Hajmási Profile|url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/athlete/eva-andrea-hajmasi|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130051802/https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/athlete/eva-andrea-hajmasi|archive-date=30 November 2016|access-date=13 November 2021|website=2016 Summer Paralympics}}</ref> 'yar ƙasar Hungary ce mai shingen keken hannu.<ref name="profile_hungarian_paralympics_committee">{{Cite web|title=Éva Andrea Hajmási Profile|url=https://hparalimpia.hu/sportolo/hajmasi-eva|url-status=live|access-date=13 November 2021|website=Magyar Paralimpiai Bizottság|language=hu}}</ref> Ta wakilci ƙasar Hungary a gasar wasannin nakasassu na bazara na shekarar 2016 da aka gudanar a birnin Rio de Janeiro na ƙasar Brazil, kuma ta samu lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin mata na ƙungiyar mata.<ref name="profile_summer_paralympics_2016" /> Ta kuma ci lambar tagulla a wannan taron a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta bazara ta shekarar 2020 da aka gudanar a Tokyo, Japan.<ref name="results_book_wheelchair_fencing_summer_paralympics_2020">{{Cite web|title=Wheelchair Fencing Results Book|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/paralympic-games/resPG2020-/pdf/PG2020-/WFE/PG2020-_WFE_B99_WFE-------------------------------.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902134336/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/paralympic-games/resPG2020-/pdf/PG2020-/WFE/PG2020-_WFE_B99_WFE-------------------------------.pdf|archive-date=2 September 2021|access-date=13 November 2021|website=2020 Summer Paralympics}}</ref> A gasar wasannin naƙasassu ta lokacin bazara na shekarar 2020, ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya na mata, inda ta yi rashin nasara a wasanta na lambar tagulla da Rong Jing ta kasar Sin.<ref name="results_book_wheelchair_fencing_summer_paralympics_2020" /><ref name="vio_victorious_tokyo_2020_as_italian_retains_wheelchair_fencing_foil_title_2021">{{Cite news|last=Pavitt|first=Michael|date=28 August 2021|title=Vio victorious at Tokyo 2020 as Italian retains wheelchair fencing foil title|work=[[Inside the Games|InsideTheGames.biz]]|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1112247/vio-wheelchair-fencing-tokyo-2020-gold|url-status=live|access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref> A cikin Janairun shekarar 2022 ƙungiyar wasan motsa jiki na guragu na Gyöngyi Dani, Zsuzsanna Krajnyák, Dr. Boglárka Mező Madarászné da Hajmási sun kasance "mafi kyawun ƙungiyar nakasassu na shekara" ta Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-07|title=Athletes of the Year, 2021: Saber Fencer Áron Szilágyi and Canoeist Tamara Csipes|url=https://hungarytoday.hu/athletes-sportsman-of-year-2021-saber-fencer-szilagyi-canoeist-csipes-tokyo-olympics/|access-date=2022-11-14|website=Hungary Today|language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] ga9wswf3mij3728gp9bm31fxf35v6f7 824101 824100 2026-04-22T09:38:02Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Éva Andrea Hajmási''' (an haife ta 14 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1987)<ref name="profile_summer_paralympics_2016">{{Cite web|title=Éva Andrea Hajmási Profile|url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/athlete/eva-andrea-hajmasi|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130051802/https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/athlete/eva-andrea-hajmasi|archive-date=30 November 2016|access-date=13 November 2021|website=2016 Summer Paralympics}}</ref> 'yar ƙasar Hungary ce mai shingen keken hannu.<ref name="profile_hungarian_paralympics_committee">{{Cite web|title=Éva Andrea Hajmási Profile|url=https://hparalimpia.hu/sportolo/hajmasi-eva|url-status=live|access-date=13 November 2021|website=Magyar Paralimpiai Bizottság|language=hu}}</ref> Ta wakilci ƙasar Hungary a gasar wasannin nakasassu na bazara na shekarar 2016 da aka gudanar a birnin Rio de Janeiro na ƙasar Brazil, kuma ta samu lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin mata na ƙungiyar mata.<ref name="profile_summer_paralympics_2016" /> Ta kuma ci lambar tagulla a wannan taron kuma a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta bazara ta shekarar 2020 da aka gudanar a Tokyo, Japan.<ref name="results_book_wheelchair_fencing_summer_paralympics_2020">{{Cite web|title=Wheelchair Fencing Results Book|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/paralympic-games/resPG2020-/pdf/PG2020-/WFE/PG2020-_WFE_B99_WFE-------------------------------.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902134336/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/paralympic-games/resPG2020-/pdf/PG2020-/WFE/PG2020-_WFE_B99_WFE-------------------------------.pdf|archive-date=2 September 2021|access-date=13 November 2021|website=2020 Summer Paralympics}}</ref> A gasar wasannin naƙasassu ta lokacin bazara na shekarar 2020, ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya na mata, inda ta yi rashin nasara a wasanta na lambar tagulla da Rong Jing ta kasar Sin.<ref name="results_book_wheelchair_fencing_summer_paralympics_2020" /><ref name="vio_victorious_tokyo_2020_as_italian_retains_wheelchair_fencing_foil_title_2021">{{Cite news|last=Pavitt|first=Michael|date=28 August 2021|title=Vio victorious at Tokyo 2020 as Italian retains wheelchair fencing foil title|work=[[Inside the Games|InsideTheGames.biz]]|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1112247/vio-wheelchair-fencing-tokyo-2020-gold|url-status=live|access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref> A cikin Janairun shekarar 2022 ƙungiyar wasan motsa jiki na guragu na Gyöngyi Dani, Zsuzsanna Krajnyák, Dr. Boglárka Mező Madarászné da Hajmási sun kasance "mafi kyawun ƙungiyar nakasassu na shekara" ta Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-07|title=Athletes of the Year, 2021: Saber Fencer Áron Szilágyi and Canoeist Tamara Csipes|url=https://hungarytoday.hu/athletes-sportsman-of-year-2021-saber-fencer-szilagyi-canoeist-csipes-tokyo-olympics/|access-date=2022-11-14|website=Hungary Today|language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 2pyf8vmgxn9yf1rnja763jkdteljn8y 0 40268 824102 813789 2026-04-22T09:39:20Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} '''Reyenieju Oritsegbubemi Daniel''' (an haife shi 18 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1966) ɗan majalisar wakilai ne na 3, majalisar dokokin Najeriya. An haife shi a cikin dangin Pa George da Mrs. Elizabeth Reyenieju, dukansu na masarautar Warri. Reyenieju mutum ne wanda a da da na yanzu ya ketare shingen kabilanci. == Ilimi == Ya kuma yi karatun firamare da na gaba a Omatseye da Iwere College da ke Koko a lokacin ƙaramar hukumar Warri ta jihar Bendel da ke karkashin ta, yanzu ƙaramar hukumar Warri ta Arewa a jihar Delta. Bayan neman ilimi, ya samu gurbin karatu a Jami'ar Uyo, [[Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]], inda kuma ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Falsafa (BA) a shekarar 1988. Mai digiri a fannin masana'antu daga Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo , [[Ifẹ|Ile-Ife]], [[Osun|Jihar Osun]] a 2014. Hon. Reyenieju mai karɓar lambobin yabo na duniya da dama da shirye-shiryen horo na gayyata daga cikin su; Kyautar Shugabancin Amurka da Afirka na 2004 da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen ƙasar Amurka ta ba shi horo a cikin shirin baƙi na duniya.<ref>"Home". ''exchanges.state.gov''. Retrieved 2018-08-07.</ref> == Gwanintan aiki == Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya samu aiki a kamfanin mai, DBN Nig. Ltd, Warri, a matsayin jami'in hulɗa da jama'a. A cikin ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci, iyawar sa na ƙungiyarsa da ƙware na asali da sarƙaƙƙiyar sarrafa maza, kayan aiki da albarkatu sun bayyana ga shigar da ma'aikatansa.<ref>"NIGITRADE International Company Limited - The company". www.nigitradelimited.com. Retrieved 2018-08-07.</ref> Hakan ya kai ga daukaka shi zuwa mukamin Manajan Ma'aikata. Matsayin da ya kasance har zuwa 2003, lokacin da ya yi ritaya da son rai.<ref>Ayitogo, Nasir (2019-07-17). "Gbajabiamila appoints 27 more aides - Premium Times Nigeria". Retrieved 2019-07-23.</ref> Bayan ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar aiki tuƙuru, da ƙwarewar aiki mai amfani da makamai, sannan ya ɗora hanyarsa zuwa cikin duniyar kasuwanci mai wahala don kafa daular kasuwanci mai bunƙasa ta kansa: Nigitrade International Company Limited da Vio Interprom Services Limited. Ta hanyar wadannan kamfanoni, ya sami damar baiwa matasa a yankinsa sabuwar rayuwa ta hanyar samar musu da ayyukan yi. [[Fayil:Reyenieju.jpg|thumb|Reyenieju Daniel]] Kwanan nan ne kakakin [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]] Rt. Hon. [[Femi Gbajabiamila]] a matsayin Mataimaki na Musamman akan Neja Delta / Man Fetur da Gas. == Harkar siyasa da aiki == A yayin da aka yi wannan kiran, sai aka yi kira da a ce da sunan da salon ƙungiyar Itsekiri National Youth Council (INYC), inda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban kasa na farko tsakanin shekarar 2003 zuwa 2007. A matsayinsa na shugaban kungiyar, ya kafa wata manufa ta zaman lafiya tsakanin al’ummar Itsekiri tare da sauran kabilu, ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki mai amfani; A ziyarar da INYC ta kai wa Shugaban Tarayyar Najeriya na wancan lokacin [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Cif Olusegun Obasanjo]], a [[Aso Rock Villa|Aso Villa]], [[Abuja]], a 2003.<ref>"LIST - New House of Reps Members for Nigeria's 8th National Assembly - Premium Times Nigeria". Premium Times Nigeria. 2015-05-02. Retrieved 2017-09-05.</ref> An naɗa shi a cikin 13% Derivation Committee, saboda kyawawan halayen jagoranci da ya nuna, musamman a matsayinsa na shugaban INYC, ya rinjaye shi ya shiga siyasa. Kiran da ya amsa. Daga nan ya tsaya takara kuma ya samu tikitin wakiltar mazaɓar Warri a ƙarƙashin tutar jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party a zaɓen shekarar 2007. Don haka aka rantsar da shi a ranar 5 ga watan Yunin 2007 a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Warri a majalisar wakilai ta 6. An sake zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya mai wakiltar mazabar Warri a majalisar wakilai a 2011 da [http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/182259-list-new-house-of-reps-members-for-nigerias-8th-national-assembly.html 2015] . Bayan da Cif Thomas Ereyitomi ya sha kaye a zaben fitar da gwani na ‘yan majalisar wakilai na jihar Delta na jihar Delta a hannun Cif Thomas Ereyitomi a ranar Laraba 3 ga watan Oktoba 2018, daga bisani ya samu tikitin tsayawa takara a karkashin jam’iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP).<ref>"Jubilation as Chief Ereyitomi wins PDP Warri federal constituency ticket – Emeraldng…". Retrieved 2019-01-15.</ref> == Ayyukan doka == A majalissar ta 6, ya kasance memba a cikin wadannan zaunannen kwamitocin majalisar: Yayin da yake cikin majalisar, ya sami dalilin gabatar da kudirori da dama - duk kan batutuwa masu mahimmanci da suka shafi al'ummarsa kai tsaye, hada da bayar da tallafin karatu 500 ga mazabarsa haka kuma ya dauki nauyin kudaden da yawa. Shi dan kishin al'umma ne, wanda ya yi imani da tsarin adalci, daidaito da wasa na gaskiya. Sama da duka; shi manzo ne na kyawawan halaye. Ya yi aiki a cikin wadannan kwamitoci a majalisar. Akwai: Dangantakar Majalissar dokoki, Man Fetur (Upstream), Navy, Aviation, Niger Delta, Air Force, FCT Area Councils, Legislative Budget and Research.<ref>"500 Itsekiri Youths To Benefit From Amnesty Programme –Kuku « The Pointer News Online". The Pointer News Online. Retrieved 2018-08-07.</ref> A majalissar ta 7, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan hulɗar majalisun tarayya kuma an zabe shi mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar majalissar Commonwealth (yankin Afirka). Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin Ad-hoc akan Kundin Tsarin Mulki da Ma'aikatar Man Fetur (PIB). Ya kuma kasance shugaban kwamitin da ke kula da harkokin man fetur na sama a kan hada-hadar haramtattun kayayyaki da satar mai a gabar tekun Najeriya. Hon. Reyenieju mai ba da shawara ne kuma mai aiwatar da ka'idoji da dabi'u na demokradiyya. A bisa dalilin da ya sa ya kai ga kai wa, ya shirya taron share fage na kwanaki 2 a mazaɓarsa. Mutane da yawa sun yaba da wannan matakin a matsayin fice. A majalissar ta 8 (2015 -2019), yana aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitocin majalisa akan kasafin kudi, tashoshin ruwa, tashoshin ruwa da hanyoyin ruwa, yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, albarkatun iskar gas, abubuwan cikin gida, harkokin waje, da ICT. Kwanan nan ne aka nada shi Shugaban wani kwamiti na wucin gadi tare da wajabcin binciki makudan kudade da kamfanonin mai na kasa da kasa (IOCs) ke bin ‘yan kwangila da kuma asarar kudaden shiga ga Najeriya. A cikin shekaru 11 da ya yi yana zama mamba a zauren majalisar dokokin kasar, ya dauki nauyin kudirori 15 tare da gabatar da kudurori 19 domin jawo hankalin gwamnatin tarayya kan halin da al’ummarsa ke ciki. Shekaru 2 da shiga Majalisa ta 8 (2015 – 2017) kadai, ya dauki nauyin kudirori 9 yayin da 1 ya samu amincewa, wasu kuma suna mataki daban-daban na tsarin majalisa. Shahararru a cikin kudurorin akwai Kudi don Kafa Jami'ar Maritime, Okerenkoko, da Federal Polytechnic, Koko, Delta wanda ya tsallake karatu na biyu. Ya kuma dauki nauyin kudirin jawo hankalin gwamnati game da zubar da abubuwa masu guba, barazanar ƙaruwar teku a Ogheye, da buƙatar gaggawa ta cire Escravos Bar Mouth da sauransu. == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1966]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c61eh1zplkc0lw0yosrky2n3tsrgmbz 824103 824102 2026-04-22T09:39:31Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} '''Reyenieju Oritsegbubemi Daniel''' (an haife shi 18 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1966) ɗan majalisar wakilai ne na 3, majalisar dokokin Najeriya. An haife shi a cikin dangin Pa George da Mrs. Elizabeth Reyenieju, dukansu na masarautar Warri. Reyenieju mutum ne wanda a da da na yanzu ya ketare shingen kabilanci. == Ilimi == Ya kuma yi karatun firamare da na gaba a Omatseye da Iwere College da ke Koko a lokacin ƙaramar hukumar Warri ta jihar Bendel da ke karkashin ta, yanzu ƙaramar hukumar Warri ta Arewa a jihar Delta. Bayan neman ilimi, ya samu gurbin karatu a Jami'ar Uyo, [[Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]], inda kuma ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Falsafa (BA) a shekarar 1988. Mai digiri a fannin masana'antu daga Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo , [[Ifẹ|Ile-Ife]], [[Osun|Jihar Osun]] a 2014. Hon. Reyenieju mai karɓar lambobin yabo na duniya da dama da shirye-shiryen horo na gayyata daga cikin su; Kyautar Shugabancin Amurka da Afirka na 2004 da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen ƙasar Amurka ta ba shi horo a cikin shirin baƙi na duniya.<ref>"Home". ''exchanges.state.gov''. Retrieved 2018-08-07.</ref> == Gwanintan aiki == Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kuma samu aiki a kamfanin mai, DBN Nig. Ltd, Warri, a matsayin jami'in hulɗa da jama'a. A cikin ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci, iyawar sa na ƙungiyarsa da ƙware na asali da sarƙaƙƙiyar sarrafa maza, kayan aiki da albarkatu sun bayyana ga shigar da ma'aikatansa.<ref>"NIGITRADE International Company Limited - The company". www.nigitradelimited.com. Retrieved 2018-08-07.</ref> Hakan ya kai ga daukaka shi zuwa mukamin Manajan Ma'aikata. Matsayin da ya kasance har zuwa 2003, lokacin da ya yi ritaya da son rai.<ref>Ayitogo, Nasir (2019-07-17). "Gbajabiamila appoints 27 more aides - Premium Times Nigeria". Retrieved 2019-07-23.</ref> Bayan ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar aiki tuƙuru, da ƙwarewar aiki mai amfani da makamai, sannan ya ɗora hanyarsa zuwa cikin duniyar kasuwanci mai wahala don kafa daular kasuwanci mai bunƙasa ta kansa: Nigitrade International Company Limited da Vio Interprom Services Limited. Ta hanyar wadannan kamfanoni, ya sami damar baiwa matasa a yankinsa sabuwar rayuwa ta hanyar samar musu da ayyukan yi. [[Fayil:Reyenieju.jpg|thumb|Reyenieju Daniel]] Kwanan nan ne kakakin [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]] Rt. Hon. [[Femi Gbajabiamila]] a matsayin Mataimaki na Musamman akan Neja Delta / Man Fetur da Gas. == Harkar siyasa da aiki == A yayin da aka yi wannan kiran, sai aka yi kira da a ce da sunan da salon ƙungiyar Itsekiri National Youth Council (INYC), inda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban kasa na farko tsakanin shekarar 2003 zuwa 2007. A matsayinsa na shugaban kungiyar, ya kafa wata manufa ta zaman lafiya tsakanin al’ummar Itsekiri tare da sauran kabilu, ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki mai amfani; A ziyarar da INYC ta kai wa Shugaban Tarayyar Najeriya na wancan lokacin [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Cif Olusegun Obasanjo]], a [[Aso Rock Villa|Aso Villa]], [[Abuja]], a 2003.<ref>"LIST - New House of Reps Members for Nigeria's 8th National Assembly - Premium Times Nigeria". Premium Times Nigeria. 2015-05-02. Retrieved 2017-09-05.</ref> An naɗa shi a cikin 13% Derivation Committee, saboda kyawawan halayen jagoranci da ya nuna, musamman a matsayinsa na shugaban INYC, ya rinjaye shi ya shiga siyasa. Kiran da ya amsa. Daga nan ya tsaya takara kuma ya samu tikitin wakiltar mazaɓar Warri a ƙarƙashin tutar jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party a zaɓen shekarar 2007. Don haka aka rantsar da shi a ranar 5 ga watan Yunin 2007 a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Warri a majalisar wakilai ta 6. An sake zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya mai wakiltar mazabar Warri a majalisar wakilai a 2011 da [http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/182259-list-new-house-of-reps-members-for-nigerias-8th-national-assembly.html 2015] . Bayan da Cif Thomas Ereyitomi ya sha kaye a zaben fitar da gwani na ‘yan majalisar wakilai na jihar Delta na jihar Delta a hannun Cif Thomas Ereyitomi a ranar Laraba 3 ga watan Oktoba 2018, daga bisani ya samu tikitin tsayawa takara a karkashin jam’iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP).<ref>"Jubilation as Chief Ereyitomi wins PDP Warri federal constituency ticket – Emeraldng…". Retrieved 2019-01-15.</ref> == Ayyukan doka == A majalissar ta 6, ya kasance memba a cikin wadannan zaunannen kwamitocin majalisar: Yayin da yake cikin majalisar, ya sami dalilin gabatar da kudirori da dama - duk kan batutuwa masu mahimmanci da suka shafi al'ummarsa kai tsaye, hada da bayar da tallafin karatu 500 ga mazabarsa haka kuma ya dauki nauyin kudaden da yawa. Shi dan kishin al'umma ne, wanda ya yi imani da tsarin adalci, daidaito da wasa na gaskiya. Sama da duka; shi manzo ne na kyawawan halaye. Ya yi aiki a cikin wadannan kwamitoci a majalisar. Akwai: Dangantakar Majalissar dokoki, Man Fetur (Upstream), Navy, Aviation, Niger Delta, Air Force, FCT Area Councils, Legislative Budget and Research.<ref>"500 Itsekiri Youths To Benefit From Amnesty Programme –Kuku « The Pointer News Online". The Pointer News Online. Retrieved 2018-08-07.</ref> A majalissar ta 7, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan hulɗar majalisun tarayya kuma an zabe shi mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar majalissar Commonwealth (yankin Afirka). Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin Ad-hoc akan Kundin Tsarin Mulki da Ma'aikatar Man Fetur (PIB). Ya kuma kasance shugaban kwamitin da ke kula da harkokin man fetur na sama a kan hada-hadar haramtattun kayayyaki da satar mai a gabar tekun Najeriya. Hon. Reyenieju mai ba da shawara ne kuma mai aiwatar da ka'idoji da dabi'u na demokradiyya. A bisa dalilin da ya sa ya kai ga kai wa, ya shirya taron share fage na kwanaki 2 a mazaɓarsa. Mutane da yawa sun yaba da wannan matakin a matsayin fice. A majalissar ta 8 (2015 -2019), yana aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitocin majalisa akan kasafin kudi, tashoshin ruwa, tashoshin ruwa da hanyoyin ruwa, yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, albarkatun iskar gas, abubuwan cikin gida, harkokin waje, da ICT. Kwanan nan ne aka nada shi Shugaban wani kwamiti na wucin gadi tare da wajabcin binciki makudan kudade da kamfanonin mai na kasa da kasa (IOCs) ke bin ‘yan kwangila da kuma asarar kudaden shiga ga Najeriya. A cikin shekaru 11 da ya yi yana zama mamba a zauren majalisar dokokin kasar, ya dauki nauyin kudirori 15 tare da gabatar da kudurori 19 domin jawo hankalin gwamnatin tarayya kan halin da al’ummarsa ke ciki. Shekaru 2 da shiga Majalisa ta 8 (2015 – 2017) kadai, ya dauki nauyin kudirori 9 yayin da 1 ya samu amincewa, wasu kuma suna mataki daban-daban na tsarin majalisa. Shahararru a cikin kudurorin akwai Kudi don Kafa Jami'ar Maritime, Okerenkoko, da Federal Polytechnic, Koko, Delta wanda ya tsallake karatu na biyu. Ya kuma dauki nauyin kudirin jawo hankalin gwamnati game da zubar da abubuwa masu guba, barazanar ƙaruwar teku a Ogheye, da buƙatar gaggawa ta cire Escravos Bar Mouth da sauransu. == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1966]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] eewl3w12u1oqpv7y75vhnvyl601p23i 0 40671 824133 576723 2026-04-22T10:34:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Rauf Aregbesola.jpg|thumb|rauf aregbesoal wajen murna]] [[Fayil:Dr. Adetolu Ademujimi's 2018 book launch, in honour of Bashorun Rotimi Obesiusn, posing with Governor Rauf Aregbesola.jpg|thumb|dr adetolu yare da gwamna wajen kadamar da lotaffi]] An '''gudanar da zaben gwamnan jihar Osun a shekarar 2014''' a Najeriya ranar 9 ga watan Agustan 2014, dan takarar [[All Progressives Congress|jam'iyyar APC]] t [[Rauf Aregbesola|Aregbesola]] ya sake lashe zaben, inda ya doke Iyiola Omisore na [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam'iyyar PDP]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Final Result of August 9 2014 Osun State Governorship Election – Nigeria Decide Blog|url=https://nigeriadecide.org/blog/final-result-of-august-9-2014-osun-state-governorship-election/|access-date=2021-05-03|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-08-09|title=Osun Governorship Elections 2014 - Live Updates #OsunDecides |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/166293-osun-governorship-elections-2014-live-updates-osundecides.html|access-date=2021-05-03|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2014-08-10|title=INEC's final result for 2014 Osun governorship election|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/08/inecs-final-result-2014-osun-governorship-election/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-08-11|title=Aregbesola Wins Governorship Election In Osun State|url=https://silverbirdtv.com/uncategorized/14285/aregbesola-wins-governorship-election-in-osun-state/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=SilverbirdTV|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Osun Guber Election 2014 News - TELL Magazine|url=https://tell.ng/news/politics-news/osun-governorship-election-news/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=tell.ng|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503121854/https://tell.ng/news/politics-news/osun-governorship-election-news/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-08-09|title=Governor Rauf Aregbesola Leads In Osun Gubernatorial Election|url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/08/09/governor-rauf-aregbesola-leads-osun-gubernatorial-election|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-08-10|title=Breaking News...APC candidate, Rauf Aregbesola wins Osun governorship election|url=https://thecitizenng.com/breaking-news-apc-candidate-rauf-aregbesola-wins-osun-governorship-election/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=TheCitizen - It's all about you|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Olori|first=Ife|date=2014-07-30|title=7 Reasons Why Governor Aregbesola Will Win Osun Election|url=https://www.legit.ng/70467.html|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=APC Wins|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/sunday-trust/20140810/282845074166570|access-date=2021-05-03|via=PressReader}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-08-10|title=Osun Governorship Election: APC Candidate, Ogbeni Rauf Aregbesola Wins|url=https://thetimelinemedia.wordpress.com/2014/08/10/osun-governorship-election-apc-candidate-ogbeni-rauf-aregbesola-wins/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=The Timeline Media|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-08-10|title=Osun Update: Aregbesola wins|url=https://www.nigerianmuse.com/20140810223357zg/nigeria-watch/osun-update-aregbesola-wins/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=NigerianMuse|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-11-27|title=Aregbesola Sworn In For 2nd Term|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2014/11/27/aregbesola-sworn-in-for-2nd-term/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=P.M. News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2014 Governorship: Osun Voters Live Big as Politicians Distribute Money, Food, Kerosene|url=https://dailytrust.com/2014-governorship-osun-voters-live-big-as-politicians-distribute-money-food-kerosene|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Daily Trust|date=27 July 2014 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Osogbo Declaration Ahead Of The August 9th Osun State 2014 Gubernatorial Election|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/154311/osogbo-declaration-ahead-of-the-august-9th-osun-state-2014-g.html|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-07-19|title=Osun 2014: Quest for peaceful elections|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/osun-2014-quest-for-peaceful-elections/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rauf Aregbesola]] ya koma [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] ne bayan an dawo da shi a matsayin dan takara ɗaya tilo. Ya zabi [[Titilayo Laoye-Tomori]] a matsayin abokin takararsa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-06-01|title=Osun PDP picks ex-speaker as Omisore's running mate|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2014/06/01/osun-pdp-picks-ex-speaker-as-omisores-running-mate/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=P.M. News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-06-02|title=Osun 2014: PDP picks ex-Speaker as Omisore's running mate|url=https://dailypost.ng/2014/06/02/osun-2014-pdp-picks-ex-speaker-omisores-running-mate/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Akinsola|first=Babatunde|date=2014-06-01|title=Osun PDP picks ex-speaker as Omisore running mate|url=https://www.naija247news.com/2014/06/01/osun-pdp-picks-ex-speaker-omisore-running-mate/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Naija247news|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Politics - Osun 2014: PDP Picks Former Speaker as Omisore's Running Mate|url=https://www.nigerianbulletin.com/threads/osun-2014-pdp-picks-former-speaker-as-omisores-running-mate.78314/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Nigerian Bulletin|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-06-02|title=Osun PDP picks ex-speaker as Omisore's running mate -|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/osun-pdp-picks-ex-speaker-as-omisores-running-mate/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=The Eagle Online|language=en-US}}</ref> Iyiola Omisore shi ne dan takarar PDP tare da Adejare Bello a matsayin abokin takararsa. Ƴan takara 20 ne suka fafata a zaɓen. The Governor of Osun State is elected using the plurality voting system. == Zaɓen firamare == === Zaɓen firamare na APC === [[Rauf Aregbesola]] ya lashe zaben fidda gwani bayan ya fito babu hamayya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Akinsola|first=Babatunde|date=2014-04-13|title=Aregbesola wins APC governorship primary in Osun|url=https://www.naija247news.com/2014/04/13/aregbesola-wins-apc-governorship-primary-osun/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Naija247news|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-08-05|title=Osun Agog For APC Mega Rally|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2014/08/05/osun-agog-for-apc-mega-rally/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=P.M. News|language=en-US}}</ref> === Zaɓen firamare na PDP === An gudanar da zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar PDP a ranar 5 ga watan Afrilun 2014. Iyiola Omisore ya lashe zaɓen fidda gwani da kuri’u 1,128 da wasu ‘yan takara 3. Abokin hamayyar sa shine Olasunkanmi Akinlabi wanda ya samu kuri'u 45, Wole Oke ya samu kuri'u 4 yayin da Isiaka Adeleke ya janye.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-04-05|title=Osun 2014: Omisore wins PDP primaries|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/158155-breaking-osun-2014-omisore-wins-pdp-primaries.html|access-date=2021-05-03|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-04-05|title=Omisore Wins Osun PDP Guber Primaries|url=https://thelagostimes.com/omisore-wins-osun-pdp-guber-primaries/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=The Lagos Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-04-05|title=Controversial Iyiola Omisore Wins Osun PDP Primaries Newsdiaryonline|url=https://newsdiaryonline.com/controversial-iyiola-omisore-wins-osun-pdp-primaries/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Newsdiaryonline|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-04-05|title=Osun 2014: Omisore wins PDP primaries|url=http://nigerianecho.com.ng/osun-2014-omisore-wins-pdp-primaries/|access-date=2021-05-03|language=en-US}}</ref> == Sakamako == Ƴan takara 20 ne suka yi rajista da [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa]] domin yin takara a zaɓen. Adadin masu kada kuri'a 1,407,222 ne suka yi rajista a zaɓen. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} [[Category: Siyasar Najeriya]] fnao3ztt75o9m4gooti2wmhlkj9jyt3 0 40873 823805 577193 2026-04-21T19:11:20Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:1957_Mao_Zedong_on_airplane.jpg|1957_Mao_Zedong_on_airplane.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: Not PD in the US; as of the URAA date, only works from 1945 or before were public domain in Chin 823805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Mao Zedong and Li Zongren.jpg|thumb|Mao Zedong da Li Zongren]] [[File:Mao Zedong rice field.jpg|left|thumb|Mao Zedong a gonar shinkafa ]] '''Mao Zedong''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|aʊ|_|(|t|)|s|ə|ˈ|t|ʊ|ŋ}};<ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of Mao Tse-tung |url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/mao-tse-tung |website=[[Dictionary.com]] |access-date=17 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref> {{lang-zh|c=|s=毛泽东|t=|p=Máo Zédōng}} pronounced {{IPAc-cmn|m|ao|2|-|z|e|2|.|d|ong|1}}; also [[Romanization of Chinese|romanised]] traditionally as '''Mao Tse-tung'''. {{efn Chinese name|[[Mao (surname)|Mao]]|Ze|textonly=yes}}}} (26 [[Disamba]] 1893 zuwa ranar 9 [[Satumba]] 1976), wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''shugaba Mao''', ɗanjuyin juya halin gurguzu na ƙasar Sin ne wanda ya kafa jamhuriyar jama'ar ƙasar Sin (PRC), wadda ya jagoranci a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar kwaminis ta kasar Sin. Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta kasar Sin daga kafa PRC a shekarar 1949 har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1976. A akidar Marxist-Leninist, ra'ayoyinsa, dabarun soja, da manufofin siyasa gabaɗaya an san su da Maoism. [[File:1961 Mao Zedong reading People's Daily in Hangzhou (1).jpg|thumb|1961 Mao Zedong yana karanta jaridar Daily People a Hangzhou ]] Mao ɗan ƙauye ne mai wadata a Shaoshan, Hunan. Ya goyi bayan kishin kasar Sin, kuma yana da ra'ayin adawa da mulkin mallaka a farkon rayuwarsa, kuma musamman abubuwan da suka faru a juyin juya halin Xinhai na 1911 da na May Fourth Movement na 1919 sun yi tasiri sosai. Daga baya ya karbi Marxism-Leninism a lokacin da yake aiki a jami'ar Peking a matsayin ma'aikacin laburare kuma ya zama memba na jam'iyyar kwaminisanci ta kasar Sin (CCP), wanda ya jagoranci yunkurin girbi na kaka a 1927. A lokacin yakin basasar kasar Sin tsakanin Kuomintang (KMT) da jam'iyyar CCP, Mao ya taimaka wajen kafa rundunar sojojin kasar Sin da ma'aikatanta da na manoma, ya jagoranci manufofin gyare-gyaren filaye na Soviet Jiangxi, kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama shugaban CCP a cikin dogon lokaci. Maris Ko da yake jam'iyyar CCP na dan lokaci ta yi kawance da KMT karkashin jam'iyyar hadin gwiwa ta biyu a lokacin yakin kasar Sin da Japan na biyu (1937-1945), yakin basasar kasar Sin ya sake komawa bayan mika wuyan ƙasar Japan, kuma sojojin Mao sun fatattaki gwamnatin 'yan kishin kasa, wadda ta koma [[Taiwan]] a shekarar 1949. A ranar 1 ga watan [[Oktoba]], 1949, Mao ya shelanta kafuwar PRC, jam'iyyar Marxist-Leninist wacce CCP ke sarrafawa. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, ya karfafa ikonsa ta hanyar yin gyare-gyaren filaye na kasar Sin a kan masu mallakar gidaje, da yakin neman murkushe masu adawa da juyin juya hali, da "Kamfen na yaki da yaki da cin hanci da rashawa na uku da biyar", da kuma nasarar da aka samu ta hanyar tunani a yakin Koriya, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar baki daya. na Sinawa miliyan da dama. Daga shekarar 1953 zuwa 1958, Mao ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da tattalin arzikin da aka tsara a ƙasar Sin, da gina kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Sin na farko, da kaddamar da shirin raya masana'antu, da kaddamar da ayyukan soji kamar aikin "Bomb Biyu, Tauraron Dan Adam" daya, da aikin 523. Manufofinsa na ketare a wannan lokacin sun mamaye rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin kasar Sin da Tarayyar Soviet wanda ya haifar da dambarwa tsakanin Sin da [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]]. A shekarar 1955, Mao ya kaddamar da kungiyar Sufan, kuma a shekarar 1957 ya ƙaddamar da yakin yaki da 'yan rajin kare hakkin bil adama, inda aka tsananta wa a kalla mutane 550,000 wadanda akasari masu ilimi da 'yan adawa. A shekara ta 1958, ya kaddamar da babban shirin ci gaba da nufin sauya tattalin arzikin ƙasar Sin cikin sauri daga noma zuwa masana'antu, wanda ya haddasa yunwa mafi muni a tarihi da kuma mutuwar mutane miliyan 15-55 tsakanin shekarar 1958 zuwa 1962. A shekara ta 1963, Mao ya kaddamar da yunkurin koyar da ilimin gurguzu, kuma a shekarar 1966 ya kaddamar da juyin juya halin al'adu, shirin kawar da abubuwa masu "maganin juyin juya hali" a cikin al'ummar kasar Sin wanda ya shafe shekaru 10 ana gwagwarmayar fadace-fadace, da lalata kayayyakin tarihi. da kuma daukakar ɗabi'ar ɗabi'ar Mao da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba. An tsananta wa dubun dubatar mutane a lokacin juyin juya halin Musulunci, yayin da aka kiyasta adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kai daga dubunnan daruruwan zuwa miliyoyi. Bayan shekaru na rashin lafiya, Mao ya sha fama da ciwon zuciya a cikin 1976 kuma ya mutu yana da shekaru 82. A zamanin Mao, yawan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karu daga kusan miliyan 550 zuwa sama da miliyan 900 yayin da gwamnati ba ta aiwatar da manufofinta na kayyade iyali ba. Mutumin da ke da cece-kuce a ciki da wajen ƙasar Sin, har yanzu ana daukar Mao a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mutane a karni na ashirin. Bayan siyasa, ana kuma san Mao a matsayin masanin ra'ayi, mai dabarun soja, kuma mawaƙi. A lokacin Mao, kasar Sin ta shiga tsakani sosai da sauran rikice-rikicen gurguzu na kudu maso gabashin Asiya kamar yakin Koriya, yaƙin Vietnam, da yakin basasar Cambodia, wanda ya kawo Khmer Rouge kan mulki. Gwamnati a lokacin mulkin Mao ita ce ke da alhakin mutuwar mutane da yawa tare da kiyasin daga mutane miliyan 40 zuwa 80 da aka kashe ta hanyar yunwa, tsanantawa, aikin kurkuku, da kisa. <ref>"Definition of Mao Tse-tung" . Dictionary.com . Retrieved 17 November 2021.{{Cite web|last3=Ian Johnson (writer)}}</ref> <ref name=":6">MacFarquhar, Roderick (13 January 1997). The Politics of China: The Eras of Mao and Deng . Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-58863-8</nowiki> {{Cite book|last3=Jonathan Fenby}}</ref> <ref>Johnson, Ian (5 February 2018). "Who Killed More: Hitler, Stalin, or Mao?" . The New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{Cite journal|last6=Stuart R. Schram|url-status=205}}</ref> An yaba wa Mao bisa yadda ya mayar da ƙasar Sin daga mulkin mallaka zuwa kan gaba a duniya, inda ta samu ci gaba sosai a fannin ilmin karance-karance, da kare Haƙƙin mata, da kula da lafiya, da ilimin firamare da kuma tsawon rai. <ref name="PopulationStudies2015">{{Cite journal|quote=etal.|url-status=39–56}}</ref> == English romanisation of name == [[File:Mao Zedong in 1924.jpg|thumb|Mao Zedong 1924]] A lokacin rayuwar Mao, kafofin watsa labaru na Ingilishi a duk duniya sun mayar da sunansa Mao Tse-tung, ta yin amfani da tsarin Wade-Giles na fassarar Sinanci na Standard Sinanci ko da yake tare da lafazin dawafi a cikin ''harafin Tsê'' ya ragu. Saboda fahimtarsa, an yi amfani da rubutun sosai, har ma da ma'aikatar harkokin waje ta PRC bayan Hanyu Pinyin ya zama tsarin romanization na PRC na Sinanci na [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] a 1958; sanannen ɗan littafin maganganun siyasa na Mao, ''The Little Red Book'', an ba shi suna a hukumance ''Quotations daga shugaba Mao Tse-tung'' a cikin fassarorin Ingilishi. Yayin da rubutun ''Mao Zedong'' da aka samo daga pinyin ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, ana ci gaba da amfani da rubutun ''Mao Tse-tung'' wanda aka samo daga Wade-Giles a cikin littattafan zamani har zuwa wani lokaci. == Rayuwar farko == === Matasa da juyin juya halin Xinhai: 1893-1911 === [[File:Mao Zedong with cap.jpg|thumb|Mao Zedong sanye da hula]] [[File:Mao Zedong 1913.jpg|thumb|Mao Zedong 1913]] An haifi Mao Zedong a ranar 26 ga Disamba 1893, a kauyen Shaoshan, Hunan. Mahaifinsa, Mao Yichang, tsohon talaka ne wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manoma mafi arziki a Shaoshan. Da yake girma a cikin karkarar Hunan, Mao ya bayyana mahaifinsa a matsayin mai horo mai tsauri, wanda zai doke shi da ’yan uwansa uku, maza Zemin da Zetan, da kuma wata yarinya da aka yi reno, Zejian.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Feigon|2002}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}.</ref> Mahaifiyar Mao, Wen Qimei, 'yar addinin Budda ce mai kishin [[Buddha|addinin Buddah]] wadda ta yi ƙoƙari ta fusata halin mijinta. <ref name="Schram1966 p20 Terrill 1980 11">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}.</ref> Mao shima ya zama dan addinin Buddha, amma ya yi watsi da wannan bangaskiya a tsakiyar shekarunsa na samari. <ref name="Schram1966 p20 Terrill 1980 11" /> Yana da shekaru 8, an aika Mao zuwa Makarantar Firamare ta Shaoshan. Koyon tsarin darajar [[Konfushiyanci|Confucianism]], daga baya ya yarda cewa bai ji daɗin rubutun Sinanci na gargajiya da ke wa'azin ɗabi'a na Confucian ba, maimakon haka yana fifita litattafai na gargajiya kamar ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' and ''Water Margin''. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> Sa'ad da yake ɗan shekara 13, Mao ya gama karatun firamare, kuma mahaifinsa ya haɗa shi a cikin shirin aure da Luo Yixiu ɗan shekara 17, ta haka ya haɗa danginsu masu mallakar ƙasa. Mao ya ƙi amincewa da ita a matsayin matarsa, ya zama mai sukar aure kuma ya ƙaura na ɗan lokaci. Luo ya kunyata a cikin gida kuma ya mutu a cikin 1910, yana da shekaru 21 kacal. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Feigon|2002}}, {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> [[File:Shaoshan_01.JPG|left|thumb| Gidan Mao Zedong na yara a Shaoshan, a cikin 2010, wanda a lokacin ya zama wurin yawon bude ido.]] Yayin da yake aiki a gonar mahaifinsa, Mao ya yi karatu sosai <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Feigon|2002}} {{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}</ref> kuma ya haɓaka "hankalin siyasa" daga ɗan littafin Zheng Guanying wanda ya koka da tabarbarewar ikon Sinawa kuma ya yi jayayya game da ɗaukar tsarin dimokraɗiyya na wakilai. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> Mai sha'awar tarihi, Mao ya sami wahayi daga bajintar soja da kishin ƙasa na [[George Washington]] da [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]]. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> Zanga-zangar da Gelaohui ya jagoranta ce ta haifar da ra'ayinsa na siyasa wanda ya barke bayan yunwa a Changsha, babban birnin Hunan; Mao ya goyi bayan bukatun masu zanga-zangar, amma sojojin sun murkushe masu adawa tare da kashe shugabanninsu. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> Yunwa ta bazu zuwa Shaoshan, inda manoma masu fama da yunwa suka kwace hatsin mahaifinsa. Ya ki amincewa da ayyukansu a matsayin kuskuren ɗabi'a, amma ya yi iƙirarin tausayawa halin da suke ciki. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 16, Mao ya ƙaura zuwa babbar makarantar firamare a Dongshan kusa da, <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Feigon|2002}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> inda aka zalunce shi saboda asalin sa na ƙauye. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> A 1911, Mao ya fara makarantar sakandare a Changsha. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> Tunanin juyin juya hali ya yi ƙarfi a cikin birnin, inda aka yi ta kiyayya ga cikakkiyar masarauta ta Sarkin sarakuna Puyi kuma da yawa suna ba da ra'ayin jamhuriya. Jigon 'yan jamhuriyar shine Sun Yat-sen, Kirista mai ilimin Amurka wanda ya jagoranci al'ummar Tongmenghui.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> A Changsha, jaridar Sun ta rinjayi Mao, ''The People's Independence'' (''Minli bao''), <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}};{{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> kuma ya yi kira ga Sun ya zama shugaban kasa a cikin rubutun makaranta. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> A matsayin alamar tawaye ga sarkin Manchu, Mao da abokinsa sun yanke aladun layinsu, alamar biyayya ga sarki.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> [[File:1961 Mao Zedong reading People's Daily in Hangzhou (2).jpg|thumb|Mao Zedong]] Da kwarin guiwar jamhuriyar Sun, sojojin sun tashi a kudancin kasar Sin, wanda ya haifar da juyin juya halin Xinhai. Gwamnan Changsha ya gudu, ya bar birnin a karkashin ikon jamhuriyar. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> Da yake goyan bayan juyin juya hali, Mao ya shiga sojojin 'yan tawaye a matsayin soja mai zaman kansa, amma bai shiga cikin fada ba. Lardunan arewa sun kasance masu biyayya ga sarki, kuma suna fatan gujewa yakin basasa, Sun wanda magoya bayansa suka kira "shugaban rikon kwarya" ya yi sulhu da Janar Yuan Shikai. An kawar da daular, ta haifar da Jamhuriyar Sin, amma Yuan ya zama shugaban kasa. Bayan juyin juya hali, Mao ya yi murabus daga aikin soja a shekara ta 1912, bayan watanni shida a matsayin soja. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Pantsov|Levine|2012}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Mao ya gano gurguzu daga labarin jarida; Da yake ci gaba da karanta ƙasidu daga Jiang Kanghu, ɗalibi wanda ya kafa jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Sin, Mao ya kasance mai sha'awar duk da haka bai gamsu da ra'ayin ba. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Schram|1966}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Terrill|1980}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references /> fa5xhbt2vro4d602tv0r81vv3cpgith 0 42052 824063 630197 2026-04-22T08:48:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An gudanar da '''zaɓen gwamnan jihar Anambra a shekarar 1979''' a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1979. Jim Nwobodo ɗan jam'iyyar NPP ne ya lashe zaɓe a karo na farko inda ya zama gwamnan [[Anambra|jihar Anambra]] na farko bayan ya doke [[Kirista Onoh|Christian Onoh]] na [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|jam'iyyar NPN]], wanda shi ne na kusa da shi ya lashe zaben..<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng_governorship.html |title=African Elections Database |publisher=African Elections |access-date=May 17, 2021}}</ref><ref name="NO">{{Cite news|url=https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2007/mar/081.html|title=ANAMBRA STATE AND THE ONE-TERM GOVERNOR SYNDROME|date=March 8, 2007|author=Nwokoye, Chukwudi|publisher=Nigeria World|access-date=May 29, 2021|archive-date=February 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223114418/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2007/mar/081.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="AS"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2 |title=Where Are Second Republic Governors? |publisher=ThisDay |author=Adeyemo, Ademola |website=All Africa |date=January 13, 2009 |access-date=May 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm |title=THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83 |publisher=Countryside Studies |access-date=May 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/53451/Nyam_Analysis_2015.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |title=AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2003 AND 2007 ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA|author=Aondowase, Nyam|year=2015|format=PDF|access-date=May 22, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |title=Nigerian States |publisher=World Statesmen |access-date=2021-05-23| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm| archive-date= 28 May 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Okpu|first=Ugbana|date=1985|title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983|format=JSTOR|publisher=Sage Publications, Ltd.|journal=Africa Spectrum|volume=20|number=2|pages=191–209|jstor=40174204|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174204|access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Joseph|first=Richard A.|date=1981|title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79|publisher=Cambridge University Press|format=JSTOR|journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion|volume=11|number=1/2|pages=17–23|jstor=1166229|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166229|access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jimnwobodo.com/bio.htm |title=Biography of Jim Nwobodo |publisher=Jim Nwobodo |access-date=May 27, 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/02/25/20010225bac01.html |title = Why the Past Does Not Count |author = Ubani, Eziuche |date = 25 February 2001 |publisher = ThisDay |access-date = May 27, 2021 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050115154314/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/02/25/20010225bac01.html |archive-date = January 15, 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2010/04/13/4724999.htm|title=Rimi - Exit of a Glamorous Politician [column]|date=April 13, 2010|publisher=TMCNET News|access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.guardian.ng/sport/sports-can-take-nigerian-youths-away-from-crime-says-jim-nwobodo/amp/|title=Sports can take Nigerian youths away from crime, says Jim Nwobodo|author=Umeh, Kanayo Umeh|location=[[Abuja]]|date=September 20, 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=May 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/146343-solomon-lars-death-depletes-rank-of-nigerias-second-republic-governors.html|title=Solomon Lar's death depletes rank of Nigeria's Second Republic Governors|author=Owete, Festus|date=October 10, 2013|publisher=Premium Times|access-date=May 30, 2011}}</ref> Jim Nwobodo ne ya lashe zaɓen fidda gwani na gwamna a jam'iyyar NPP . Abokin takararsa shine Roy Umenyi. == Tsarin zaɓe == An zabi Gwamnan Jihar Anambra ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a . == Sakamako == Akwai jam’iyyun siyasa biyar da [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zaɓe ta Tarayya]] (FEDECO) ta yi wa rajista a zaɓen. Jim Nwobodo na jam'iyyar NPP ne ya lashe zaben da ƙuri'u mafi rinjaye, inda ya doke [[Kirista Onoh|Christian Onoh]] na [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|NPN]].<ref name="NO"/><ref> {{Cite news|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/anambra-guber-nwobodo-backs-nwoye/|title=Anambra guber: Nwobodo backs Nwoye|date=October 21, 2017|publisher=Sun News Online|access-date=May 29, 2021}}</ref><ref name="AS"/><ref>{{Cite journal |author=Hart, C. |date=1993 |title=The Nigerian Elections of 1983|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|volume=63|issue=3|pages=397–418|format=JSTOR|doi=10.2307/1161428|jstor=1161428 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161428}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/ |title=33. Nigeria (1960-present) |publisher=[[University of Central Arkansas]] |access-date=May 20, 2021 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/jim-nwobodo-opens-up-why-i-contested-presidency-against-ekwueme/|title=Jim Nwobodo opens up: Why I contested presidency against Ekwueme|date=September 6, 2020|author=Eze, Magnus|location=[[Enugu]]|access-date=May 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.factnewsonline.com/news/5479-Anambra-guber-Ex-Governor-Nwobodo-backs-Nwoye|title=Anambra guber: Ex-Governor, Nwobodo backs Nwoye|publisher=Fact News Online|access-date=May 29, 2021|archive-date=February 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223114929/https://www.factnewsonline.com/news/5479-Anambra-guber-Ex-Governor-Nwobodo-backs-Nwoye|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/theadvocatengr/docs/the_advocate_49th_edition|title=Police arrest 2 sons of Jim Nwobodo|date=February 4, 2015|publisher=issuu|access-date=May 29, 2021}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://opinionniger.ia/anambra-guber-nwoye-and-the-igbo-agenda-by-brown-justice/|title=Anambra Guber, Nwoye and the Igbo Agenda -By Brown Justice|date=November 3, 2017|publisher=Opinion Nigeria|access-date=May 29, 2021}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/what-jakande-told-me-before-he-died-by-jim-nwobodo/amp/|title=What Jakande told me before he died, by Jim Nwobodo|publisher=The Nation Online|access-date=May 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.enuguvoice.com.ng/the-jim-chimaroke-rapprochement/|title=The Jim-Chimaroke Rapprochement|publisher=Enugu Voice|access-date=May 29, 2021}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://gwg.ng/2020/05/09/jim-nwobodo-80-finally-settling-down/amp/|title=Jim Nwobodo @ 80: Finally Settling Down|date=May 9, 2020|publisher=Gwg|author=Ekpeneru, Chuks|access-date=May 29, 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Caption text |- ! Ɗan takara !! Jam'iyya |- | Jim Nwobodo || Nigerian People Party |- | Christian Onoh || National Party of Nigeria |- | || People's Redemption Party |- | Majiya ||Africa Spectrum<ref name="AS">{{Cite journal |author=Panter-Brick, K. |date=1979 |title=Nigeria: The 1979 Elections |journal=Africa Spectrum |volume=14 |issue=3 |format=JSTOR |page=323 |jstor=40173962 |access-date=May 20, 2021 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40173962 }}</ref> |} == Nassoshi == {{reflist|2}} [[Category: Siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Zabubbuka]] [[Category:Jihar Anambra]] 4q3by8kch921ybxfegj65zhv2lyx4m0 824064 824063 2026-04-22T08:48:41Z KiranBOT 35988 cire bin AMP daga URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|cikakkun bayanai]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|rahoton kuskure]]) v2.2.9s 824064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An gudanar da '''zaɓen gwamnan jihar Anambra a shekarar 1979''' a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1979. Jim Nwobodo ɗan jam'iyyar NPP ne ya lashe zaɓe a karo na farko inda ya zama gwamnan [[Anambra|jihar Anambra]] na farko bayan ya doke [[Kirista Onoh|Christian Onoh]] na [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|jam'iyyar NPN]], wanda shi ne na kusa da shi ya lashe zaben..<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng_governorship.html |title=African Elections Database |publisher=African Elections |access-date=May 17, 2021}}</ref><ref name="NO">{{Cite news|url=https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2007/mar/081.html|title=ANAMBRA STATE AND THE ONE-TERM GOVERNOR SYNDROME|date=March 8, 2007|author=Nwokoye, Chukwudi|publisher=Nigeria World|access-date=May 29, 2021|archive-date=February 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223114418/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2007/mar/081.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="AS"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2 |title=Where Are Second Republic Governors? |publisher=ThisDay |author=Adeyemo, Ademola |website=All Africa |date=January 13, 2009 |access-date=May 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm |title=THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83 |publisher=Countryside Studies |access-date=May 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/53451/Nyam_Analysis_2015.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |title=AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2003 AND 2007 ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA|author=Aondowase, Nyam|year=2015|format=PDF|access-date=May 22, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |title=Nigerian States |publisher=World Statesmen |access-date=2021-05-23| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm| archive-date= 28 May 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Okpu|first=Ugbana|date=1985|title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983|format=JSTOR|publisher=Sage Publications, Ltd.|journal=Africa Spectrum|volume=20|number=2|pages=191–209|jstor=40174204|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174204|access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Joseph|first=Richard A.|date=1981|title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79|publisher=Cambridge University Press|format=JSTOR|journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion|volume=11|number=1/2|pages=17–23|jstor=1166229|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166229|access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jimnwobodo.com/bio.htm |title=Biography of Jim Nwobodo |publisher=Jim Nwobodo |access-date=May 27, 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/02/25/20010225bac01.html |title = Why the Past Does Not Count |author = Ubani, Eziuche |date = 25 February 2001 |publisher = ThisDay |access-date = May 27, 2021 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050115154314/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/02/25/20010225bac01.html |archive-date = January 15, 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2010/04/13/4724999.htm|title=Rimi - Exit of a Glamorous Politician [column]|date=April 13, 2010|publisher=TMCNET News|access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.guardian.ng/sport/sports-can-take-nigerian-youths-away-from-crime-says-jim-nwobodo/amp/|title=Sports can take Nigerian youths away from crime, says Jim Nwobodo|author=Umeh, Kanayo Umeh|location=[[Abuja]]|date=September 20, 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=May 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/146343-solomon-lars-death-depletes-rank-of-nigerias-second-republic-governors.html|title=Solomon Lar's death depletes rank of Nigeria's Second Republic Governors|author=Owete, Festus|date=October 10, 2013|publisher=Premium Times|access-date=May 30, 2011}}</ref> Jim Nwobodo ne ya lashe zaɓen fidda gwani na gwamna a jam'iyyar NPP . Abokin takararsa shine Roy Umenyi. == Tsarin zaɓe == An zabi Gwamnan Jihar Anambra ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kada kuri’a . == Sakamako == Akwai jam’iyyun siyasa biyar da [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zaɓe ta Tarayya]] (FEDECO) ta yi wa rajista a zaɓen. Jim Nwobodo na jam'iyyar NPP ne ya lashe zaben da ƙuri'u mafi rinjaye, inda ya doke [[Kirista Onoh|Christian Onoh]] na [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|NPN]].<ref name="NO"/><ref> {{Cite news|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/anambra-guber-nwobodo-backs-nwoye/|title=Anambra guber: Nwobodo backs Nwoye|date=October 21, 2017|publisher=Sun News Online|access-date=May 29, 2021}}</ref><ref name="AS"/><ref>{{Cite journal |author=Hart, C. |date=1993 |title=The Nigerian Elections of 1983|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|volume=63|issue=3|pages=397–418|format=JSTOR|doi=10.2307/1161428|jstor=1161428 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161428}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/ |title=33. Nigeria (1960-present) |publisher=[[University of Central Arkansas]] |access-date=May 20, 2021 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/jim-nwobodo-opens-up-why-i-contested-presidency-against-ekwueme/|title=Jim Nwobodo opens up: Why I contested presidency against Ekwueme|date=September 6, 2020|author=Eze, Magnus|location=[[Enugu]]|access-date=May 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.factnewsonline.com/news/5479-Anambra-guber-Ex-Governor-Nwobodo-backs-Nwoye|title=Anambra guber: Ex-Governor, Nwobodo backs Nwoye|publisher=Fact News Online|access-date=May 29, 2021|archive-date=February 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223114929/https://www.factnewsonline.com/news/5479-Anambra-guber-Ex-Governor-Nwobodo-backs-Nwoye|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/theadvocatengr/docs/the_advocate_49th_edition|title=Police arrest 2 sons of Jim Nwobodo|date=February 4, 2015|publisher=issuu|access-date=May 29, 2021}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://opinionniger.ia/anambra-guber-nwoye-and-the-igbo-agenda-by-brown-justice/|title=Anambra Guber, Nwoye and the Igbo Agenda -By Brown Justice|date=November 3, 2017|publisher=Opinion Nigeria|access-date=May 29, 2021}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/what-jakande-told-me-before-he-died-by-jim-nwobodo/amp/|title=What Jakande told me before he died, by Jim Nwobodo|publisher=The Nation Online|access-date=May 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.enuguvoice.com.ng/the-jim-chimaroke-rapprochement/|title=The Jim-Chimaroke Rapprochement|publisher=Enugu Voice|access-date=May 29, 2021}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://gwg.ng/2020/05/09/jim-nwobodo-80-finally-settling-down/|title=Jim Nwobodo @ 80: Finally Settling Down|date=May 9, 2020|publisher=Gwg|author=Ekpeneru, Chuks|access-date=May 29, 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Caption text |- ! Ɗan takara !! Jam'iyya |- | Jim Nwobodo || Nigerian People Party |- | Christian Onoh || National Party of Nigeria |- | || People's Redemption Party |- | Majiya ||Africa Spectrum<ref name="AS">{{Cite journal |author=Panter-Brick, K. |date=1979 |title=Nigeria: The 1979 Elections |journal=Africa Spectrum |volume=14 |issue=3 |format=JSTOR |page=323 |jstor=40173962 |access-date=May 20, 2021 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40173962 }}</ref> |} == Nassoshi == {{reflist|2}} [[Category: Siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Zabubbuka]] [[Category:Jihar Anambra]] pruigbyxzjfwdaaae94kbicyruh21l4 0 42053 824067 216426 2026-04-22T08:49:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zaɓen gwamnan jihar Bauchi a shekarar 1979''' ya faru ne a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng_governorship.html |title=African Elections Database |publisher=African Elections |access-date=May 17, 2021}}</ref> [[Tatari Ali|Abubakar Tatari Ali]] na [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|jam'iyyar NPN]] ne ya lashe zabe a karo na farko inda ya zama gwamnan [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] na farko da ke kan gaba, kuma ya doke babbar jam'iyyar adawa a fafatawar.<ref name="AS"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2 |title=Where Are Second Republic Governors? |publisher=ThisDay |author=Adeyemo, Ademola |website=All Africa |date=January 13, 2009 |access-date=May 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm |title=THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83 |publisher=Countryside Studies |access-date=May 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/53451/Nyam_Analysis_2015.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |title=AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2003 AND 2007 ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA|author=Aondowase, Nyam|year=2015|format=PDF|access-date=May 22, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |title=Nigerian States |publisher=World Statesmen |access-date=2021-05-23| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm| archive-date= 28 May 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Okpu|first=Ugbana|date=1985|title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983|format=JSTOR|publisher=Sage Publications, Ltd.|journal=Africa Spectrum|volume=20|number=2|pages=191–209|jstor=40174204|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174204|access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Joseph|first=Richard A.|date=1981|title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79|publisher=Cambridge University Press|format=JSTOR|journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion|volume=11|number=1/2|pages=17–23|jstor=1166229|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166229|access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2010/04/13/4724999.htm|title=Rimi - Exit of a Glamorous Politician [column]|date=April 13, 2010|publisher=TMCNET News|access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.academia.edu/3164878|title=IMPACT OF STATE ADMINISTRATION ON BAUCHI STATE 1976-1999 MA THESIS|author=Gamawa, Makama|format=DOC|website=Academia|access-date=May 30, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gamji.com/article5000/NEWS5511.htm|title=Bauchi State: How Far? How Much Further?|author=Muhammad, Nasiru Bappah|location=[[Kano (city)|Kano]]|publisher=Gamji|access-date=May 30, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/so-far-so-good-highlights-of-the-speech/oclc/500007457|title=So far so good : highlights of the speech|author=Ali, Abubakar Tatari|publisher=Bauchi : Ministry of Home Affairs and Information. Information Division|year=1981|oclc=500007457|format=Print book|language=English|access-date=May 30, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.bauchistategov.org/pastexecutivecouncil.html |title = Past Executive Council: Alhaji Abubakar Tatari Ali, (1979-1983) |publisher = Bauchi State Government |access-date = May 30, 2021 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110725042938/http://www.bauchistategov.org/pastexecutivecouncil.html |archive-date = July 25, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/146343-solomon-lars-death-depletes-rank-of-nigerias-second-republic-governors.html|title=Solomon Lar's death depletes rank of Nigeria's Second Republic Governors|author=Owete, Festus|date=October 10, 2013|publisher=Premium Times|access-date=May 30, 2011}}</ref> == Tsarin zaɓe == An zaɓi gwamnan jihar Bauchi ne ta hanyar amfani da tsarin zaɓe mai yawan jama'a . == Sakamako == Akwai jam’iyyun siyasa biyar da [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe ta Tarayya]] (FEDECO) ta yi wa rajista don shiga zaben. Tatari Ali na [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|jam'iyyar NPN]] ne ya lashe zaben da kuri'u mafi rinjaye.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Hart, C. |date=1993 |title=The Nigerian Elections of 1983|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|volume=63|issue=3|pages=397–418|format=JSTOR|doi=10.2307/1161428|jstor=1161428 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161428}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/ |title=33. Nigeria (1960-present) |publisher=[[University of Central Arkansas]] |access-date=May 20, 2021 |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Caption text |- ! Ɗan Takara !! Jam'iyya |- | Tahir Ali || National Party of Nigeria |- | || Great Party of Nigeria |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Majiya |- ! Africa Spectrum<ref name="AS">{{Cite journal |author=Panter-Brick, K. |date=1979 |title=Nigeria: The 1979 Elections |journal=Africa Spectrum |volume=14 |issue=3 |page=323 |jstor=40173962 |access-date=May 20, 2021 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40173962 }}</ref> |} == Nassoshi == {{reflist|2}} p08xzrt0we7xd3bhh4c95gh9tn1ggig 0 42374 823770 475127 2026-04-21T16:16:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 823770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|dan wasan tsere joseph amoha]]   '''Joseph Paul Amoah(''' an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1997), ya kasance ɗan wasan tseren [[Ghana]] ne wanda ya ƙware a cikin mita 100 da mita 200. Ya fafata a gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya ta shekarar 2019 a tseren mita 100 da mita 4×100, kuma a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin tseren 4.&nbsp;×&nbsp;Mita 100 na metre relay.<ref>Watta, Evelyn (2019-08-29). "Joseph Amoah: The Ghanaian sprint hope with big dreams" . Olympic Channel . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref>"JOSEPH AMOAH COPPIN STATE" . TFRRS. Retrieved 2021-05-02.</ref> Ya kuma kasance ɗan.wasan karshe na mita 100 a gasar Afrika ta 2019, inda ya zo na hudu. <ref name="2019 African Games" /> [[Fayil:2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships (40837979710).jpg|thumb|'''Joseph Paul Amoah''']] Amoah yana da mafi kyawun lokutan sirri na daƙiƙa 9.94 da daƙiƙa 20.08 a cikin mita 100 da mita 200 bi da bi.<ref>Lee, Edward (2019-07-05). "Coppin State's Joseph Amoah emerges as world-class sprinter, eyes representing Ghana at 2020 Olympics" . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> Bajintar da ya taka a tseren mita 200 ya karya tarihin Ghana da Emmanuel Tuffour wanda ya taba rikewa sau uku a baya da dakika 0.07.<ref>"4 x 100 Metres Relay Men - Round 1" (PDF). IAAF . 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Amoah a ranar 12 ga Janairun shekara ta 1997 ɗane ga Thomas Amoah da Alberta Antwi a [[Yankin Greater Accra|Greater Accra]], Ghana, kuma kawunsa Dokta Victor Antwi ya rene shi daga makarantar sakandare zuwa gaba. Wasan da ya fi so ya girma shine [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]], amma ya canza zuwa wasan motsa jiki yayin da yake halartar [[Kwalejin Prempeh]] a [[Kumasi]] inda aka gano gwanintarsa ta gudu. A lokacin da yake dan shekara 19, ya fito a matsayin mai fatan shiga gasar Olympics a Ghana a tseren gudun mita 100 a cikin daƙiƙa 10.08 a gasar Gasar Gasar Ɗan Adam ta Ghana ta shekarar 2016.<ref>"Results" (PDF). Atos. 2019-08-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-01.</ref> == Jami'a == [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|Joseph Amoah]] Bayan aikin share fage a Kwalejin Prempeh, ya yanke shawarar barin wasannin motsa jiki lokacin da ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST). Sai dai babban mai horar da ‘yan wasa a KNUST ya samu labarin hazakar Amoah a lokacin da yake kwalejin Prempeh kuma ya shawo kan Amoah ya shiga kungiyar tare da taimakon kawunsa.<ref>"Joseph Amoah becomes first Ghanaian to qualify for 2020 Olympic Games" . Joy Online . 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A cikin shekarar 2017 ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Coppin a Baltimore, wanda ke fafatawa a Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwRA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>I na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Amurka. <ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na tsakiyar Gabas ta shekarar 2019 a watan Mayu, Amoah ya zama ɗan Ghana na farko a kowane wasa da ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekara ta 2020 ta hanyar gudun mita 200 a cikin mafi kyawun lokaci cikin dakika 20.20. Wannan shi ne wasan da ya fi sauri daga ɗan Ghana tun a shekarar 1995 kuma ya ba shi damar shiga gasar tseren guje-guje ta duniya ta 2019. Daga baya a watan Yuni na waccan lokacin a sashin NCAA<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwUg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Gasar Zakarun Turai, ya inganta mafi kyawun lokutansa a cikin tseren mita 100 da mita 200 zuwa dakika 10.01 da dakika 20.08 bi da bi. Ya karya tarihin dan wasan Olympic Emmanuel Tuffour na Ghana na shekaru 24 sau uku a tseren mita 200 (dakika 20.15, a tsayi), kuma ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a cikin mita 100. == 2021 Relays na Duniya == An zabi Amoah ne don wakiltar Ghana a gasar Relays na Duniya na 2021 a ranar 1 &#x2013; 2 ga watan Mayu a Poland, wanda ya kasance ɗan wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar Olympics ta 2021 da Gasar Gasar Duniya ta 2022 ga Ghana. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> A wasan karshe Amoah ya kafa Ghana da tagulla a cikin tseren daƙiƙa 39.11, amma ƙungiyar ta kasa shiga gasar bayan da aka yi bitar faifan bidiyo ya nuna Amoah yana karɓar sandar bayan yankin da ya wuce daga abokin wasansa Joseph Oduro Manu. <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> Sai dai kuma, saboda sun tsallake zuwa wasan karshe da daƙiƙa 38.79 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, Ghana da Amoah har yanzu sun cancanci shiga gasar Olympics. <ref>Tahiru, Fentuo (2019-05-01). </ref> == Sana'a/Aiki == Joseph Paul ya yi gudu a ƙasa da daƙiƙa 10 a karon farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun 2022 da daƙiƙa 9.94, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan Ghana na 4 da ya gudanar da gasar kasa da daƙiƙa 10. Wannan karon kuma shi ne karo na farko a tarihin Ghana inda 'yan wasansu biyu suka zama na daya a duniya a gasar gudun mita 100. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == === Gasar cin kofin duniya === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakili</img> Ghana ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | Wasannin Commonwealth | 15th | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwgw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 20.99 | 0.0 | Gold Coast, Australia | |- | rowspan="5" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | Wasannin Afirka | 4th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwkg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.11 | +1.6 | rowspan="3" | Rabat, Morocco | |- | bgcolor="gold" | 1st | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwng">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.30|| {{N/a}} | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | 21st | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwqA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 21.20 | +0.3 | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya | 34th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwtA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.36 | -0.8 | rowspan="2" | Doha, Qatar | |- | 13th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwwA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.24|| {{N/a}} | |- | 2021 | Relays na Duniya | data-sort-value="DQ" bgcolor="f5a9a9" | <s>3rd</s> {{AthAbbr|DQ}} | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwzw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | data-sort-value="999.99" | <s>39.11</s>|| {{N/a}} | Chorzow, Poland | Wucewa waje zone <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> |- | 2022 | Wasannin Commonwealth | bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd | 200 m | 20.49 | | Birmingham, United Kingdom | |} === Gasar cin kofin kasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakilin Eagles Jihar Coppin ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw-g">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 13th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.60 | +1.1 | Eugene, Amurka | |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAQc">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 8th | 100&nbsp;m | 10.22 | +0.8 | rowspan="3" | Austin, Amurika | |- | 6 ta | 200&nbsp;m | 20.19 | +0.8 | |- | 14th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.30 || {{N/a}} | |- | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwASI">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 15th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.51|| {{N/a}} | rowspan="3" | Eugene, Amurka | |- | 9 ta | 100&nbsp;m | 10.21 | +0.9 | |- | 10th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.51 | +1.4 | |} * Sakamako na NCAA daga tsarin Rahoto na Sakandare Track & Field. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] kj9pi4xrr1kmumlhompnqe0lkjhtqcs 823772 823770 2026-04-21T16:17:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 823772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|dan wasan tsere joseph amoha]]   '''Joseph Paul Amoah(''' an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1997), ya kasance ɗan wasan tseren [[Ghana]] ne wanda ya ƙware a cikin mita 100 da mita 200. Ya fafata a gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya ta shekarar 2019 a tseren mita 100 da mita 4×100, kuma a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin tseren 4.×Mita 100 na metre relay.<ref>Watta, Evelyn (2019-08-29). "Joseph Amoah: The Ghanaian sprint hope with big dreams" . Olympic Channel . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref>"JOSEPH AMOAH COPPIN STATE" . TFRRS. Retrieved 2021-05-02.</ref> Ya kuma kasance ɗan.wasan karshe na mita 100 a gasar Afrika ta 2019, inda ya zo na hudu. <ref name="2019 African Games" /> [[Fayil:2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships (40837979710).jpg|thumb|'''Joseph Paul Amoah''']] Amoah yana da mafi kyawun lokutan sirri na daƙiƙa 9.94 da daƙiƙa 20.08 a cikin mita 100 da mita 200 bi da bi.<ref>Lee, Edward (2019-07-05). "Coppin State's Joseph Amoah emerges as world-class sprinter, eyes representing Ghana at 2020 Olympics" . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> Bajintar da ya taka a tseren mita 200 ya karya tarihin Ghana da Emmanuel Tuffour wanda ya taba rikewa sau uku a baya da dakika 0.07.<ref>"4 x 100 Metres Relay Men - Round 1" (PDF). IAAF . 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Amoah a ranar 12 ga Janairun shekara ta 1997 ɗane ga Thomas Amoah da Alberta Antwi a [[Yankin Greater Accra|Greater Accra]], Ghana, kuma kawunsa Dokta Victor Antwi ya rene shi daga makarantar sakandare zuwa gaba. Wasan da ya fi so ya girma shine [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]], amma ya canza zuwa wasan motsa jiki yayin da yake halartar [[Kwalejin Prempeh]] a [[Kumasi]] inda aka gano gwanintarsa ta gudu. A lokacin da yake dan shekara 19, ya fito a matsayin mai fatan shiga gasar Olympics a Ghana a tseren gudun mita 100 a cikin daƙiƙa 10.08 a gasar Gasar Gasar Ɗan Adam ta Ghana ta shekarar 2016.<ref>"Results" (PDF). Atos. 2019-08-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-01.</ref> == Jami'a == [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|Joseph Amoah]] Bayan aikin share fage a Kwalejin Prempeh, ya yanke shawarar barin wasannin motsa jiki lokacin da ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST). Sai dai babban mai horar da ‘yan wasa a KNUST ya samu labarin hazakar Amoah a lokacin da yake kwalejin Prempeh kuma ya shawo kan Amoah ya shiga kungiyar tare da taimakon kawunsa.<ref>"Joseph Amoah becomes first Ghanaian to qualify for 2020 Olympic Games" . Joy Online . 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A cikin shekarar 2017 ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Coppin a Baltimore, wanda ke fafatawa a Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwRA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>I na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Amurka. <ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na tsakiyar Gabas ta shekarar 2019 a watan Mayu, Amoah ya zama ɗan Ghana na farko a kowane wasa da ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekara ta 2020 ta hanyar gudun mita 200 a cikin mafi kyawun lokaci cikin dakika 20.20. Wannan shi ne wasan da ya fi sauri daga ɗan Ghana tun a shekarar 1995 kuma ya ba shi damar shiga gasar tseren guje-guje ta duniya ta 2019. Daga baya a watan Yuni na waccan lokacin a sashin NCAA<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwUg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Gasar Zakarun Turai, ya inganta mafi kyawun lokutansa a cikin tseren mita 100 da mita 200 zuwa dakika 10.01 da dakika 20.08 bi da bi. Ya karya tarihin dan wasan Olympic Emmanuel Tuffour na Ghana na shekaru 24 sau uku a tseren mita 200 (dakika 20.15, a tsayi), kuma ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a cikin mita 100. == 2021 Relays na Duniya == An zabi Amoah ne don wakiltar Ghana a gasar Relays na Duniya na 2021 a ranar 1 &#x2013; 2 ga watan Mayu a Poland, wanda ya kasance ɗan wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar Olympics ta 2021 da Gasar Gasar Duniya ta 2022 ga Ghana. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> A wasan karshe Amoah ya kafa Ghana da tagulla a cikin tseren daƙiƙa 39.11, amma ƙungiyar ta kasa shiga gasar bayan da aka yi bitar faifan bidiyo ya nuna Amoah yana karɓar sandar bayan yankin da ya wuce daga abokin wasansa Joseph Oduro Manu. <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> Sai dai kuma, saboda sun tsallake zuwa wasan karshe da daƙiƙa 38.79 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, Ghana da Amoah har yanzu sun cancanci shiga gasar Olympics. <ref>Tahiru, Fentuo (2019-05-01). </ref> == Sana'a/Aiki == Joseph Paul ya yi gudu a ƙasa da daƙiƙa 10 a karon farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun 2022 da daƙiƙa 9.94, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan Ghana na 4 da ya gudanar da gasar kasa da daƙiƙa 10. Wannan karon kuma shi ne karo na farko a tarihin Ghana inda 'yan wasansu biyu suka zama na daya a duniya a gasar gudun mita 100. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == === Gasar cin kofin duniya === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakili</img> Ghana ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | Wasannin Commonwealth | 15th | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwgw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 20.99 | 0.0 | Gold Coast, Australia | |- | rowspan="5" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | Wasannin Afirka | 4th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwkg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.11 | +1.6 | rowspan="3" | Rabat, Morocco | |- | bgcolor="gold" | 1st | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwng">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.30|| {{N/a}} | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | 21st | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwqA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 21.20 | +0.3 | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya | 34th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwtA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.36 | -0.8 | rowspan="2" | Doha, Qatar | |- | 13th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwwA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.24|| {{N/a}} | |- | 2021 | Relays na Duniya | data-sort-value="DQ" bgcolor="f5a9a9" | <s>3rd</s> {{AthAbbr|DQ}} | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwzw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | data-sort-value="999.99" | <s>39.11</s>|| {{N/a}} | Chorzow, Poland | Wucewa waje zone <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> |- | 2022 | Wasannin Commonwealth | bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd | 200 m | 20.49 | | Birmingham, United Kingdom | |} === Gasar cin kofin kasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakilin Eagles Jihar Coppin ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw-g">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 13th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.60 | +1.1 | Eugene, Amurka | |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAQc">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 8th | 100&nbsp;m | 10.22 | +0.8 | rowspan="3" | Austin, Amurika | |- | 6 ta | 200&nbsp;m | 20.19 | +0.8 | |- | 14th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.30 || {{N/a}} | |- | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwASI">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 15th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.51|| {{N/a}} | rowspan="3" | Eugene, Amurka | |- | 9 ta | 100&nbsp;m | 10.21 | +0.9 | |- | 10th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.51 | +1.4 | |} * Sakamako na NCAA daga tsarin Rahoto na Sakandare Track & Field. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] bydkiypyydo4mvoebzud3d9dkxyrb88 823773 823772 2026-04-21T16:17:27Z Pharouqenr 25549 823773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|dan wasan tsere joseph amoha]]   '''Joseph Paul Amoah(''' an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1997), ya kasance ɗan wasan tseren [[Ghana]] ne wanda ya ƙware a cikin mita 100 da mita 200. Ya fafata a gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya ta shekarar 2019 a tseren mita 100 da mita 4×100, kuma a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin tseren 4.×Mita 100 na metre relay.<ref>Watta, Evelyn (2019-08-29). "Joseph Amoah: The Ghanaian sprint hope with big dreams" . Olympic Channel . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref>"JOSEPH AMOAH COPPIN STATE" . TFRRS. Retrieved 2021-05-02.</ref> Ya kuma kasance ɗan.wasan karshe na mita 100 a gasar Afrika ta 2019, inda ya zo na hudu.<ref name="2019 African Games" /> [[Fayil:2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships (40837979710).jpg|thumb|'''Joseph Paul Amoah''']] Amoah yana da mafi kyawun lokutan sirri na daƙiƙa 9.94 da daƙiƙa 20.08 a cikin mita 100 da mita 200 bi da bi.<ref>Lee, Edward (2019-07-05). "Coppin State's Joseph Amoah emerges as world-class sprinter, eyes representing Ghana at 2020 Olympics" . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> Bajintar da ya taka a tseren mita 200 ya karya tarihin Ghana da Emmanuel Tuffour wanda ya taba rikewa sau uku a baya da dakika 0.07.<ref>"4 x 100 Metres Relay Men - Round 1" (PDF). IAAF . 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Amoah a ranar 12 ga Janairun shekara ta 1997 ɗane ga Thomas Amoah da Alberta Antwi a [[Yankin Greater Accra|Greater Accra]], Ghana, kuma kawunsa Dokta Victor Antwi ya rene shi daga makarantar sakandare zuwa gaba. Wasan da ya fi so ya girma shine [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]], amma ya canza zuwa wasan motsa jiki yayin da yake halartar [[Kwalejin Prempeh]] a [[Kumasi]] inda aka gano gwanintarsa ta gudu. A lokacin da yake dan shekara 19, ya fito a matsayin mai fatan shiga gasar Olympics a Ghana a tseren gudun mita 100 a cikin daƙiƙa 10.08 a gasar Gasar Gasar Ɗan Adam ta Ghana ta shekarar 2016.<ref>"Results" (PDF). Atos. 2019-08-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-01.</ref> == Jami'a == [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|Joseph Amoah]] Bayan aikin share fage a Kwalejin Prempeh, ya yanke shawarar barin wasannin motsa jiki lokacin da ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST). Sai dai babban mai horar da ‘yan wasa a KNUST ya samu labarin hazakar Amoah a lokacin da yake kwalejin Prempeh kuma ya shawo kan Amoah ya shiga kungiyar tare da taimakon kawunsa.<ref>"Joseph Amoah becomes first Ghanaian to qualify for 2020 Olympic Games" . Joy Online . 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A cikin shekarar 2017 ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Coppin a Baltimore, wanda ke fafatawa a Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwRA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>I na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Amurka. <ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na tsakiyar Gabas ta shekarar 2019 a watan Mayu, Amoah ya zama ɗan Ghana na farko a kowane wasa da ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekara ta 2020 ta hanyar gudun mita 200 a cikin mafi kyawun lokaci cikin dakika 20.20. Wannan shi ne wasan da ya fi sauri daga ɗan Ghana tun a shekarar 1995 kuma ya ba shi damar shiga gasar tseren guje-guje ta duniya ta 2019. Daga baya a watan Yuni na waccan lokacin a sashin NCAA<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwUg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Gasar Zakarun Turai, ya inganta mafi kyawun lokutansa a cikin tseren mita 100 da mita 200 zuwa dakika 10.01 da dakika 20.08 bi da bi. Ya karya tarihin dan wasan Olympic Emmanuel Tuffour na Ghana na shekaru 24 sau uku a tseren mita 200 (dakika 20.15, a tsayi), kuma ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a cikin mita 100. == 2021 Relays na Duniya == An zabi Amoah ne don wakiltar Ghana a gasar Relays na Duniya na 2021 a ranar 1 &#x2013; 2 ga watan Mayu a Poland, wanda ya kasance ɗan wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar Olympics ta 2021 da Gasar Gasar Duniya ta 2022 ga Ghana. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> A wasan karshe Amoah ya kafa Ghana da tagulla a cikin tseren daƙiƙa 39.11, amma ƙungiyar ta kasa shiga gasar bayan da aka yi bitar faifan bidiyo ya nuna Amoah yana karɓar sandar bayan yankin da ya wuce daga abokin wasansa Joseph Oduro Manu. <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> Sai dai kuma, saboda sun tsallake zuwa wasan karshe da daƙiƙa 38.79 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, Ghana da Amoah har yanzu sun cancanci shiga gasar Olympics. <ref>Tahiru, Fentuo (2019-05-01). </ref> == Sana'a/Aiki == Joseph Paul ya yi gudu a ƙasa da daƙiƙa 10 a karon farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun 2022 da daƙiƙa 9.94, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan Ghana na 4 da ya gudanar da gasar kasa da daƙiƙa 10. Wannan karon kuma shi ne karo na farko a tarihin Ghana inda 'yan wasansu biyu suka zama na daya a duniya a gasar gudun mita 100. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == === Gasar cin kofin duniya === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakili</img> Ghana ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | Wasannin Commonwealth | 15th | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwgw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 20.99 | 0.0 | Gold Coast, Australia | |- | rowspan="5" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | Wasannin Afirka | 4th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwkg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.11 | +1.6 | rowspan="3" | Rabat, Morocco | |- | bgcolor="gold" | 1st | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwng">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.30|| {{N/a}} | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | 21st | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwqA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 21.20 | +0.3 | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya | 34th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwtA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.36 | -0.8 | rowspan="2" | Doha, Qatar | |- | 13th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwwA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.24|| {{N/a}} | |- | 2021 | Relays na Duniya | data-sort-value="DQ" bgcolor="f5a9a9" | <s>3rd</s> {{AthAbbr|DQ}} | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwzw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | data-sort-value="999.99" | <s>39.11</s>|| {{N/a}} | Chorzow, Poland | Wucewa waje zone <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> |- | 2022 | Wasannin Commonwealth | bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd | 200 m | 20.49 | | Birmingham, United Kingdom | |} === Gasar cin kofin kasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakilin Eagles Jihar Coppin ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw-g">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 13th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.60 | +1.1 | Eugene, Amurka | |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAQc">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 8th | 100&nbsp;m | 10.22 | +0.8 | rowspan="3" | Austin, Amurika | |- | 6 ta | 200&nbsp;m | 20.19 | +0.8 | |- | 14th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.30 || {{N/a}} | |- | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwASI">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 15th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.51|| {{N/a}} | rowspan="3" | Eugene, Amurka | |- | 9 ta | 100&nbsp;m | 10.21 | +0.9 | |- | 10th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.51 | +1.4 | |} * Sakamako na NCAA daga tsarin Rahoto na Sakandare Track & Field. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] 3ofgj5uvq7fzn8tmwq83injzcgfcvem 823775 823773 2026-04-21T16:19:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 823775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|dan wasan tsere joseph amoha]]   '''Joseph Paul Amoah(''' an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1997), ya kasance ɗan wasan tseren [[Ghana]] ne wanda ya ƙware a cikin mita 100 da mita 200. Ya fafata a gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya ta shekarar 2019 a tseren mita 100 da mita 4×100, kuma a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin tseren 4.×Mita 100 na metre relay.<ref>Watta, Evelyn (2019-08-29). "Joseph Amoah: The Ghanaian sprint hope with big dreams" . Olympic Channel . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref>"JOSEPH AMOAH COPPIN STATE" . TFRRS. Retrieved 2021-05-02.</ref> Ya kuma kasance ɗan.wasan karshe na mita 100 a gasar Afrika ta 2019, inda ya zo na hudu.<ref name="2019 African Games" /> [[Fayil:2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships (40837979710).jpg|thumb|'''Joseph Paul Amoah''']] Amoah yana da mafi kyawun lokutan sirri na daƙiƙa 9.94 da daƙiƙa 20.08 a cikin mita 100 da mita 200 bi da bi.<ref>Lee, Edward (2019-07-05). "Coppin State's Joseph Amoah emerges as world-class sprinter, eyes representing Ghana at 2020 Olympics" . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> Bajintar da ya taka a tseren mita 200 ya karya tarihin Ghana da Emmanuel Tuffour wanda ya taba rikewa sau uku a baya da dakika 0.07.<ref>"4 x 100 Metres Relay Men - Round 1" (PDF). IAAF . 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Amoah a ranar 12 ga Janairun shekara ta 1997 ɗane ga Thomas Amoah da Alberta Antwi a [[Yankin Greater Accra|Greater Accra]], Ghana, kuma kawunsa Dokta Victor Antwi ya rene shi daga makarantar sakandare zuwa gaba. Wasan da ya fi so ya girma shine [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]], amma ya canza zuwa wasan motsa jiki yayin da yake halartar [[Kwalejin Prempeh]] a [[Kumasi]] inda aka gano gwanintarsa ta gudu. A lokacin da yake dan shekara 19, ya fito a matsayin mai fatan shiga gasar Olympics a Ghana a tseren gudun mita 100 a cikin daƙiƙa 10.08 a gasar Gasar Gasar Ɗan Adam ta Ghana ta shekarar 2016.<ref>"Results" (PDF). Atos. 2019-08-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-01.</ref> == Jami'a == [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|Joseph Amoah]] Bayan aikin share fage a Kwalejin Prempeh, ya yanke shawarar barin wasannin motsa jiki lokacin da ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST). Sai dai babban mai horar da ‘yan wasa a KNUST ya samu labarin hazakar Amoah a lokacin da yake kwalejin Prempeh kuma ya shawo kan Amoah ya shiga kungiyar tare da taimakon kawunsa.<ref>"Joseph Amoah becomes first Ghanaian to qualify for 2020 Olympic Games" . Joy Online . 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A cikin shekarar 2017 ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Coppin a Baltimore, wanda ke fafatawa a Division na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Amurka. <ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na tsakiyar Gabas ta shekarar 2019 a watan Mayu, Amoah ya zama ɗan Ghana na farko a kowane wasa da ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekara ta 2020 ta hanyar gudun mita 200 a cikin mafi kyawun lokaci cikin dakika 20.20. Wannan shi ne wasan da ya fi sauri daga ɗan Ghana tun a shekarar 1995 kuma ya ba shi damar shiga gasar tseren guje-guje ta duniya ta 2019. Daga baya a watan Yuni na waccan lokacin a sashin NCAA<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwUg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Gasar Zakarun Turai, ya inganta mafi kyawun lokutansa a cikin tseren mita 100 da mita 200 zuwa dakika 10.01 da dakika 20.08 bi da bi. Ya karya tarihin dan wasan Olympic Emmanuel Tuffour na Ghana na shekaru 24 sau uku a tseren mita 200 (dakika 20.15, a tsayi), kuma ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a cikin mita 100. == 2021 Relays na Duniya == An zabi Amoah ne don wakiltar Ghana a gasar Relays na Duniya na 2021 a ranar 1 &#x2013; 2 ga watan Mayu a Poland, wanda ya kasance ɗan wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar Olympics ta 2021 da Gasar Gasar Duniya ta 2022 ga Ghana. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> A wasan karshe Amoah ya kafa Ghana da tagulla a cikin tseren daƙiƙa 39.11, amma ƙungiyar ta kasa shiga gasar bayan da aka yi bitar faifan bidiyo ya nuna Amoah yana karɓar sandar bayan yankin da ya wuce daga abokin wasansa Joseph Oduro Manu. <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> Sai dai kuma, saboda sun tsallake zuwa wasan karshe da daƙiƙa 38.79 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, Ghana da Amoah har yanzu sun cancanci shiga gasar Olympics. <ref>Tahiru, Fentuo (2019-05-01). </ref> == Sana'a/Aiki == Joseph Paul ya yi gudu a ƙasa da daƙiƙa 10 a karon farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun 2022 da daƙiƙa 9.94, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan Ghana na 4 da ya gudanar da gasar kasa da daƙiƙa 10. Wannan karon kuma shi ne karo na farko a tarihin Ghana inda 'yan wasansu biyu suka zama na daya a duniya a gasar gudun mita 100. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == === Gasar cin kofin duniya === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakili</img> Ghana ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | Wasannin Commonwealth | 15th | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwgw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 20.99 | 0.0 | Gold Coast, Australia | |- | rowspan="5" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | Wasannin Afirka | 4th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwkg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.11 | +1.6 | rowspan="3" | Rabat, Morocco | |- | bgcolor="gold" | 1st | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwng">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.30|| {{N/a}} | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | 21st | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwqA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 21.20 | +0.3 | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya | 34th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwtA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.36 | -0.8 | rowspan="2" | Doha, Qatar | |- | 13th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwwA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.24|| {{N/a}} | |- | 2021 | Relays na Duniya | data-sort-value="DQ" bgcolor="f5a9a9" | <s>3rd</s> {{AthAbbr|DQ}} | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwzw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | data-sort-value="999.99" | <s>39.11</s>|| {{N/a}} | Chorzow, Poland | Wucewa waje zone <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> |- | 2022 | Wasannin Commonwealth | bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd | 200 m | 20.49 | | Birmingham, United Kingdom | |} === Gasar cin kofin kasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakilin Eagles Jihar Coppin ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw-g">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 13th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.60 | +1.1 | Eugene, Amurka | |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAQc">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 8th | 100&nbsp;m | 10.22 | +0.8 | rowspan="3" | Austin, Amurika | |- | 6 ta | 200&nbsp;m | 20.19 | +0.8 | |- | 14th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.30 || {{N/a}} | |- | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwASI">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 15th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.51|| {{N/a}} | rowspan="3" | Eugene, Amurka | |- | 9 ta | 100&nbsp;m | 10.21 | +0.9 | |- | 10th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.51 | +1.4 | |} * Sakamako na NCAA daga tsarin Rahoto na Sakandare Track & Field. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] mttwyw011m2sdwrw0ksao2kinfmx958 823776 823775 2026-04-21T16:19:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 823776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|dan wasan tsere joseph amoha]]   '''Joseph Paul Amoah(''' an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1997), ya kasance ɗan wasan tseren [[Ghana]] ne wanda ya ƙware a cikin mita 100 da mita 200. Ya fafata a gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya ta shekarar 2019 a tseren mita 100 da mita 4×100, kuma a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin tseren 4.×Mita 100 na metre relay.<ref>Watta, Evelyn (2019-08-29). "Joseph Amoah: The Ghanaian sprint hope with big dreams" . Olympic Channel . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref>"JOSEPH AMOAH COPPIN STATE" . TFRRS. Retrieved 2021-05-02.</ref> Ya kuma kasance ɗan.wasan karshe na mita 100 a gasar Afrika ta 2019, inda ya zo na hudu.<ref name="2019 African Games" /> [[Fayil:2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships (40837979710).jpg|thumb|'''Joseph Paul Amoah''']] Amoah yana da mafi kyawun lokutan sirri na daƙiƙa 9.94 da daƙiƙa 20.08 a cikin mita 100 da mita 200 bi da bi.<ref>Lee, Edward (2019-07-05). "Coppin State's Joseph Amoah emerges as world-class sprinter, eyes representing Ghana at 2020 Olympics" . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> Bajintar da ya taka a tseren mita 200 ya karya tarihin Ghana da Emmanuel Tuffour wanda ya taba rikewa sau uku a baya da dakika 0.07.<ref>"4 x 100 Metres Relay Men - Round 1" (PDF). IAAF . 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Amoah a ranar 12 ga Janairun shekara ta 1997 ɗane ga Thomas Amoah da Alberta Antwi a [[Yankin Greater Accra|Greater Accra]], Ghana, kuma kawunsa Dokta Victor Antwi ya rene shi daga makarantar sakandare zuwa gaba. Wasan da ya fi so ya girma shine [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]], amma ya canza zuwa wasan motsa jiki yayin da yake halartar [[Kwalejin Prempeh]] a [[Kumasi]] inda aka gano gwanintarsa ta gudu. A lokacin da yake dan shekara 19, ya fito a matsayin mai fatan shiga gasar Olympics a Ghana a tseren gudun mita 100 a cikin daƙiƙa 10.08 a gasar Gasar Gasar Ɗan Adam ta Ghana ta shekarar 2016.<ref>"Results" (PDF). Atos. 2019-08-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-01.</ref> == Jami'a == [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|Joseph Amoah]] Bayan aikin share fage a Kwalejin Prempeh, ya yanke shawarar barin wasannin motsa jiki lokacin da ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST). Sai dai babban mai horar da ‘yan wasa a KNUST ya samu labarin hazakar Amoah a lokacin da yake kwalejin Prempeh kuma ya shawo kan Amoah ya shiga kungiyar tare da taimakon kawunsa.<ref>"Joseph Amoah becomes first Ghanaian to qualify for 2020 Olympic Games" . Joy Online . 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A cikin shekarar 2017 ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Coppin a Baltimore, wanda ke fafatawa a Division na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Amurka.<ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na tsakiyar Gabas ta shekarar 2019 a watan Mayu, Amoah ya zama ɗan Ghana na farko a kowane wasa da ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekara ta 2020 ta hanyar gudun mita 200 a cikin mafi kyawun lokaci cikin dakika 20.20. Wannan shi ne wasan da ya fi sauri daga ɗan Ghana tun a shekarar 1995 kuma ya ba shi damar shiga gasar tseren guje-guje ta duniya ta 2019. Daga baya a watan Yuni na waccan lokacin a sashin NCAA<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwUg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Gasar Zakarun Turai, ya inganta mafi kyawun lokutansa a cikin tseren mita 100 da mita 200 zuwa dakika 10.01 da dakika 20.08 bi da bi. Ya karya tarihin dan wasan Olympic Emmanuel Tuffour na Ghana na shekaru 24 sau uku a tseren mita 200 (dakika 20.15, a tsayi), kuma ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a cikin mita 100. == 2021 Relays na Duniya == An zabi Amoah ne don wakiltar Ghana a gasar Relays na Duniya na 2021 a ranar 1 &#x2013; 2 ga watan Mayu a Poland, wanda ya kasance ɗan wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar Olympics ta 2021 da Gasar Gasar Duniya ta 2022 ga Ghana. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> A wasan karshe Amoah ya kafa Ghana da tagulla a cikin tseren daƙiƙa 39.11, amma ƙungiyar ta kasa shiga gasar bayan da aka yi bitar faifan bidiyo ya nuna Amoah yana karɓar sandar bayan yankin da ya wuce daga abokin wasansa Joseph Oduro Manu. <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> Sai dai kuma, saboda sun tsallake zuwa wasan karshe da daƙiƙa 38.79 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, Ghana da Amoah har yanzu sun cancanci shiga gasar Olympics. <ref>Tahiru, Fentuo (2019-05-01). </ref> == Sana'a/Aiki == Joseph Paul ya yi gudu a ƙasa da daƙiƙa 10 a karon farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun 2022 da daƙiƙa 9.94, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan Ghana na 4 da ya gudanar da gasar kasa da daƙiƙa 10. Wannan karon kuma shi ne karo na farko a tarihin Ghana inda 'yan wasansu biyu suka zama na daya a duniya a gasar gudun mita 100. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == === Gasar cin kofin duniya === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakili</img> Ghana ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | Wasannin Commonwealth | 15th | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwgw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 20.99 | 0.0 | Gold Coast, Australia | |- | rowspan="5" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | Wasannin Afirka | 4th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwkg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.11 | +1.6 | rowspan="3" | Rabat, Morocco | |- | bgcolor="gold" | 1st | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwng">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.30|| {{N/a}} | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | 21st | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwqA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 21.20 | +0.3 | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya | 34th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwtA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.36 | -0.8 | rowspan="2" | Doha, Qatar | |- | 13th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwwA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.24|| {{N/a}} | |- | 2021 | Relays na Duniya | data-sort-value="DQ" bgcolor="f5a9a9" | <s>3rd</s> {{AthAbbr|DQ}} | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwzw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | data-sort-value="999.99" | <s>39.11</s>|| {{N/a}} | Chorzow, Poland | Wucewa waje zone <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> |- | 2022 | Wasannin Commonwealth | bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd | 200 m | 20.49 | | Birmingham, United Kingdom | |} === Gasar cin kofin kasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakilin Eagles Jihar Coppin ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw-g">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 13th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.60 | +1.1 | Eugene, Amurka | |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAQc">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 8th | 100&nbsp;m | 10.22 | +0.8 | rowspan="3" | Austin, Amurika | |- | 6 ta | 200&nbsp;m | 20.19 | +0.8 | |- | 14th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.30 || {{N/a}} | |- | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwASI">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 15th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.51|| {{N/a}} | rowspan="3" | Eugene, Amurka | |- | 9 ta | 100&nbsp;m | 10.21 | +0.9 | |- | 10th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.51 | +1.4 | |} * Sakamako na NCAA daga tsarin Rahoto na Sakandare Track & Field. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] cggtv4292543tvm20aihdkj98ukovfd 823777 823776 2026-04-21T16:20:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 823777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|dan wasan tsere joseph amoha]]   '''Joseph Paul Amoah(''' an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1997), ya kasance ɗan wasan tseren [[Ghana]] ne wanda ya ƙware a cikin mita 100 da mita 200. Ya fafata a gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya ta shekarar 2019 a tseren mita 100 da mita 4×100, kuma a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin tseren 4.×Mita 100 na metre relay.<ref>Watta, Evelyn (2019-08-29). "Joseph Amoah: The Ghanaian sprint hope with big dreams" . Olympic Channel . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref>"JOSEPH AMOAH COPPIN STATE" . TFRRS. Retrieved 2021-05-02.</ref> Ya kuma kasance ɗan.wasan karshe na mita 100 a gasar Afrika ta 2019, inda ya zo na hudu.<ref name="2019 African Games" /> [[Fayil:2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships (40837979710).jpg|thumb|'''Joseph Paul Amoah''']] Amoah yana da mafi kyawun lokutan sirri na daƙiƙa 9.94 da daƙiƙa 20.08 a cikin mita 100 da mita 200 bi da bi.<ref>Lee, Edward (2019-07-05). "Coppin State's Joseph Amoah emerges as world-class sprinter, eyes representing Ghana at 2020 Olympics" . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> Bajintar da ya taka a tseren mita 200 ya karya tarihin Ghana da Emmanuel Tuffour wanda ya taba rikewa sau uku a baya da dakika 0.07.<ref>"4 x 100 Metres Relay Men - Round 1" (PDF). IAAF . 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Amoah a ranar 12 ga Janairun shekara ta 1997 ɗane ga Thomas Amoah da Alberta Antwi a [[Yankin Greater Accra|Greater Accra]], Ghana, kuma kawunsa Dokta Victor Antwi ya rene shi daga makarantar sakandare zuwa gaba. Wasan da ya fi so ya girma shine [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]], amma ya canza zuwa wasan motsa jiki yayin da yake halartar [[Kwalejin Prempeh]] a [[Kumasi]] inda aka gano gwanintarsa ta gudu. A lokacin da yake dan shekara 19, ya fito a matsayin mai fatan shiga gasar Olympics a Ghana a tseren gudun mita 100 a cikin daƙiƙa 10.08 a gasar Gasar Gasar Ɗan Adam ta Ghana ta shekarar 2016.<ref>"Results" (PDF). Atos. 2019-08-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-01.</ref> == Jami'a == [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|Joseph Amoah]] Bayan aikin share fage a Kwalejin Prempeh, ya yanke shawarar barin wasannin motsa jiki lokacin da ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST). Sai dai babban mai horar da ‘yan wasa a KNUST ya samu labarin hazakar Amoah a lokacin da yake kwalejin Prempeh kuma ya shawo kan Amoah ya shiga kungiyar tare da taimakon kawunsa.<ref>"Joseph Amoah becomes first Ghanaian to qualify for 2020 Olympic Games" . Joy Online . 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A cikin shekarar 2017 ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Coppin a Baltimore, wanda ke fafatawa a Division na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Amurka.<ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na tsakiyar Gabas ta shekarar 2019 a watan Mayu, Amoah ya zama ɗan Ghana na farko a kowane wasa da ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekara ta 2020 ta hanyar gudun mita 200 a cikin mafi kyawun lokaci cikin dakika 20.20. Wannan shi ne wasan da ya fi sauri daga ɗan Ghana tun a shekarar 1995 kuma ya ba shi damar shiga gasar tseren guje-guje ta duniya ta 2019. Daga baya a watan Yuni na waccan lokacin a sashin NCAA Gasar Zakarun Turai, ya inganta mafi kyawun lokutansa a cikin tseren mita 100 da mita 200 zuwa dakika 10.01 da dakika 20.08 bi da bi. Ya karya tarihin dan wasan Olympic Emmanuel Tuffour na Ghana na shekaru 24 sau uku a tseren mita 200 (dakika 20.15, a tsayi), kuma ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a cikin mita 100. == 2021 Relays na Duniya == An zabi Amoah ne don wakiltar Ghana a gasar Relays na Duniya na 2021 a ranar 1 &#x2013; 2 ga watan Mayu a Poland, wanda ya kasance ɗan wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar Olympics ta 2021 da Gasar Gasar Duniya ta 2022 ga Ghana. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> A wasan karshe Amoah ya kafa Ghana da tagulla a cikin tseren daƙiƙa 39.11, amma ƙungiyar ta kasa shiga gasar bayan da aka yi bitar faifan bidiyo ya nuna Amoah yana karɓar sandar bayan yankin da ya wuce daga abokin wasansa Joseph Oduro Manu. <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> Sai dai kuma, saboda sun tsallake zuwa wasan karshe da daƙiƙa 38.79 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, Ghana da Amoah har yanzu sun cancanci shiga gasar Olympics. <ref>Tahiru, Fentuo (2019-05-01). </ref> == Sana'a/Aiki == Joseph Paul ya yi gudu a ƙasa da daƙiƙa 10 a karon farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun 2022 da daƙiƙa 9.94, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan Ghana na 4 da ya gudanar da gasar kasa da daƙiƙa 10. Wannan karon kuma shi ne karo na farko a tarihin Ghana inda 'yan wasansu biyu suka zama na daya a duniya a gasar gudun mita 100. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == === Gasar cin kofin duniya === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakili</img> Ghana ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | Wasannin Commonwealth | 15th | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwgw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 20.99 | 0.0 | Gold Coast, Australia | |- | rowspan="5" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | Wasannin Afirka | 4th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwkg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.11 | +1.6 | rowspan="3" | Rabat, Morocco | |- | bgcolor="gold" | 1st | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwng">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.30|| {{N/a}} | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | 21st | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwqA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 21.20 | +0.3 | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya | 34th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwtA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.36 | -0.8 | rowspan="2" | Doha, Qatar | |- | 13th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwwA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.24|| {{N/a}} | |- | 2021 | Relays na Duniya | data-sort-value="DQ" bgcolor="f5a9a9" | <s>3rd</s> {{AthAbbr|DQ}} | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwzw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | data-sort-value="999.99" | <s>39.11</s>|| {{N/a}} | Chorzow, Poland | Wucewa waje zone <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> |- | 2022 | Wasannin Commonwealth | bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd | 200 m | 20.49 | | Birmingham, United Kingdom | |} === Gasar cin kofin kasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakilin Eagles Jihar Coppin ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw-g">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 13th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.60 | +1.1 | Eugene, Amurka | |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAQc">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 8th | 100&nbsp;m | 10.22 | +0.8 | rowspan="3" | Austin, Amurika | |- | 6 ta | 200&nbsp;m | 20.19 | +0.8 | |- | 14th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.30 || {{N/a}} | |- | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwASI">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 15th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.51|| {{N/a}} | rowspan="3" | Eugene, Amurka | |- | 9 ta | 100&nbsp;m | 10.21 | +0.9 | |- | 10th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.51 | +1.4 | |} * Sakamako na NCAA daga tsarin Rahoto na Sakandare Track & Field. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] qpfuptgd36fy1l2h88cuvnuwaegc8zp 823778 823777 2026-04-21T16:20:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 823778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|dan wasan tsere joseph amoha]]   '''Joseph Paul Amoah(''' an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1997), ya kasance ɗan wasan tseren [[Ghana]] ne wanda ya ƙware a cikin mita 100 da mita 200. Ya fafata a gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya ta shekarar 2019 a tseren mita 100 da mita 4×100, kuma a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin tseren 4.×Mita 100 na metre relay.<ref>Watta, Evelyn (2019-08-29). "Joseph Amoah: The Ghanaian sprint hope with big dreams" . Olympic Channel . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref>"JOSEPH AMOAH COPPIN STATE" . TFRRS. Retrieved 2021-05-02.</ref> Ya kuma kasance ɗan.wasan karshe na mita 100 a gasar Afrika ta 2019, inda ya zo na hudu.<ref name="2019 African Games" /> [[Fayil:2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships (40837979710).jpg|thumb|'''Joseph Paul Amoah''']] Amoah yana da mafi kyawun lokutan sirri na daƙiƙa 9.94 da daƙiƙa 20.08 a cikin mita 100 da mita 200 bi da bi.<ref>Lee, Edward (2019-07-05). "Coppin State's Joseph Amoah emerges as world-class sprinter, eyes representing Ghana at 2020 Olympics" . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> Bajintar da ya taka a tseren mita 200 ya karya tarihin Ghana da Emmanuel Tuffour wanda ya taba rikewa sau uku a baya da dakika 0.07.<ref>"4 x 100 Metres Relay Men - Round 1" (PDF). IAAF . 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Amoah a ranar 12 ga Janairun shekara ta 1997 ɗane ga Thomas Amoah da Alberta Antwi a [[Yankin Greater Accra|Greater Accra]], Ghana, kuma kawunsa Dokta Victor Antwi ya rene shi daga makarantar sakandare zuwa gaba. Wasan da ya fi so ya girma shine [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]], amma ya canza zuwa wasan motsa jiki yayin da yake halartar [[Kwalejin Prempeh]] a [[Kumasi]] inda aka gano gwanintarsa ta gudu. A lokacin da yake dan shekara 19, ya fito a matsayin mai fatan shiga gasar Olympics a Ghana a tseren gudun mita 100 a cikin daƙiƙa 10.08 a gasar Gasar Gasar Ɗan Adam ta Ghana ta shekarar 2016.<ref>"Results" (PDF). Atos. 2019-08-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-01.</ref> == Jami'a == [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|Joseph Amoah]] Bayan aikin share fage a Kwalejin Prempeh, ya yanke shawarar barin wasannin motsa jiki lokacin da ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST). Sai dai babban mai horar da ‘yan wasa a KNUST ya samu labarin hazakar Amoah a lokacin da yake kwalejin Prempeh kuma ya shawo kan Amoah ya shiga kungiyar tare da taimakon kawunsa.<ref>"Joseph Amoah becomes first Ghanaian to qualify for 2020 Olympic Games" . Joy Online . 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A cikin shekarar 2017 ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Coppin a Baltimore, wanda ke fafatawa a Division na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Amurka.<ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na tsakiyar Gabas ta shekarar 2019 a watan Mayu, Amoah ya zama ɗan Ghana na farko a kowane wasa da ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekara ta 2020 ta hanyar gudun mita 200 a cikin mafi kyawun lokaci cikin dakika 20.20. Wannan shi ne wasan da ya fi sauri daga ɗan Ghana tun a shekarar 1995 kuma ya ba shi damar shiga gasar tseren guje-guje ta duniya ta 2019. Daga baya a watan Yuni na waccan lokacin a sashin NCAA Gasar Zakarun Turai, ya inganta mafi kyawun lokutansa a cikin tseren mita 100 da mita 200 zuwa dakika 10.01 da dakika 20.08 bi da bi. Ya karya tarihin dan wasan Olympic Emmanuel Tuffour na Ghana na shekaru 24 sau uku a tseren mita 200 (dakika 20.15, a tsayi), kuma ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a cikin mita 100. == 2021 Relays na Duniya == An zabi Amoah ne don wakiltar Ghana a gasar Relays na Duniya na 2021 a ranar 1 &#x2013; 2 ga watan Mayu a Poland, wanda ya kasance ɗan wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar Olympics ta 2021 da Gasar Gasar Duniya ta 2022 ga Ghana. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> A wasan karshe Amoah ya kafa Ghana da tagulla a cikin tseren daƙiƙa 39.11, amma ƙungiyar ta kasa shiga gasar bayan da aka yi bitar faifan bidiyo ya nuna Amoah yana karɓar sandar bayan yankin da ya wuce daga abokin wasansa Joseph Oduro Manu.<ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> Sai dai kuma, saboda sun tsallake zuwa wasan karshe da daƙiƙa 38.79 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, Ghana da Amoah har yanzu sun cancanci shiga gasar Olympics. <ref>Tahiru, Fentuo (2019-05-01). </ref> == Sana'a/Aiki == Joseph Paul ya yi gudu a ƙasa da daƙiƙa 10 a karon farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun 2022 da daƙiƙa 9.94, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan Ghana na 4 da ya gudanar da gasar kasa da daƙiƙa 10. Wannan karon kuma shi ne karo na farko a tarihin Ghana inda 'yan wasansu biyu suka zama na daya a duniya a gasar gudun mita 100. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == === Gasar cin kofin duniya === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakili</img> Ghana ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | Wasannin Commonwealth | 15th | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwgw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 20.99 | 0.0 | Gold Coast, Australia | |- | rowspan="5" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | Wasannin Afirka | 4th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwkg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.11 | +1.6 | rowspan="3" | Rabat, Morocco | |- | bgcolor="gold" | 1st | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwng">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.30|| {{N/a}} | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | 21st | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwqA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 21.20 | +0.3 | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya | 34th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwtA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.36 | -0.8 | rowspan="2" | Doha, Qatar | |- | 13th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwwA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.24|| {{N/a}} | |- | 2021 | Relays na Duniya | data-sort-value="DQ" bgcolor="f5a9a9" | <s>3rd</s> {{AthAbbr|DQ}} | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwzw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | data-sort-value="999.99" | <s>39.11</s>|| {{N/a}} | Chorzow, Poland | Wucewa waje zone <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> |- | 2022 | Wasannin Commonwealth | bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd | 200 m | 20.49 | | Birmingham, United Kingdom | |} === Gasar cin kofin kasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakilin Eagles Jihar Coppin ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw-g">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 13th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.60 | +1.1 | Eugene, Amurka | |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAQc">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 8th | 100&nbsp;m | 10.22 | +0.8 | rowspan="3" | Austin, Amurika | |- | 6 ta | 200&nbsp;m | 20.19 | +0.8 | |- | 14th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.30 || {{N/a}} | |- | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwASI">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 15th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.51|| {{N/a}} | rowspan="3" | Eugene, Amurka | |- | 9 ta | 100&nbsp;m | 10.21 | +0.9 | |- | 10th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.51 | +1.4 | |} * Sakamako na NCAA daga tsarin Rahoto na Sakandare Track & Field. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] 9rxf7ng682wag2c918fewcciqto52i9 823779 823778 2026-04-21T16:20:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 823779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|dan wasan tsere joseph amoha]]   '''Joseph Paul Amoah(''' an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1997), ya kasance ɗan wasan tseren [[Ghana]] ne wanda ya ƙware a cikin mita 100 da mita 200. Ya fafata a gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya ta shekarar 2019 a tseren mita 100 da mita 4×100, kuma a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin tseren 4.×Mita 100 na metre relay.<ref>Watta, Evelyn (2019-08-29). "Joseph Amoah: The Ghanaian sprint hope with big dreams" . Olympic Channel . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref>"JOSEPH AMOAH COPPIN STATE" . TFRRS. Retrieved 2021-05-02.</ref> Ya kuma kasance ɗan.wasan karshe na mita 100 a gasar Afrika ta 2019, inda ya zo na hudu.<ref name="2019 African Games" /> [[Fayil:2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships (40837979710).jpg|thumb|'''Joseph Paul Amoah''']] Amoah yana da mafi kyawun lokutan sirri na daƙiƙa 9.94 da daƙiƙa 20.08 a cikin mita 100 da mita 200 bi da bi.<ref>Lee, Edward (2019-07-05). "Coppin State's Joseph Amoah emerges as world-class sprinter, eyes representing Ghana at 2020 Olympics" . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> Bajintar da ya taka a tseren mita 200 ya karya tarihin Ghana da Emmanuel Tuffour wanda ya taba rikewa sau uku a baya da dakika 0.07.<ref>"4 x 100 Metres Relay Men - Round 1" (PDF). IAAF . 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Amoah a ranar 12 ga Janairun shekara ta 1997 ɗane ga Thomas Amoah da Alberta Antwi a [[Yankin Greater Accra|Greater Accra]], Ghana, kuma kawunsa Dokta Victor Antwi ya rene shi daga makarantar sakandare zuwa gaba. Wasan da ya fi so ya girma shine [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]], amma ya canza zuwa wasan motsa jiki yayin da yake halartar [[Kwalejin Prempeh]] a [[Kumasi]] inda aka gano gwanintarsa ta gudu. A lokacin da yake dan shekara 19, ya fito a matsayin mai fatan shiga gasar Olympics a Ghana a tseren gudun mita 100 a cikin daƙiƙa 10.08 a gasar Gasar Gasar Ɗan Adam ta Ghana ta shekarar 2016.<ref>"Results" (PDF). Atos. 2019-08-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-01.</ref> == Jami'a == [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|Joseph Amoah]] Bayan aikin share fage a Kwalejin Prempeh, ya yanke shawarar barin wasannin motsa jiki lokacin da ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST). Sai dai babban mai horar da ‘yan wasa a KNUST ya samu labarin hazakar Amoah a lokacin da yake kwalejin Prempeh kuma ya shawo kan Amoah ya shiga kungiyar tare da taimakon kawunsa.<ref>"Joseph Amoah becomes first Ghanaian to qualify for 2020 Olympic Games" . Joy Online . 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A cikin shekarar 2017 ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Coppin a Baltimore, wanda ke fafatawa a Division na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Amurka.<ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na tsakiyar Gabas ta shekarar 2019 a watan Mayu, Amoah ya zama ɗan Ghana na farko a kowane wasa da ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekara ta 2020 ta hanyar gudun mita 200 a cikin mafi kyawun lokaci cikin dakika 20.20. Wannan shi ne wasan da ya fi sauri daga ɗan Ghana tun a shekarar 1995 kuma ya ba shi damar shiga gasar tseren guje-guje ta duniya ta 2019. Daga baya a watan Yuni na waccan lokacin a sashin NCAA Gasar Zakarun Turai, ya inganta mafi kyawun lokutansa a cikin tseren mita 100 da mita 200 zuwa dakika 10.01 da dakika 20.08 bi da bi. Ya karya tarihin dan wasan Olympic Emmanuel Tuffour na Ghana na shekaru 24 sau uku a tseren mita 200 (dakika 20.15, a tsayi), kuma ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a cikin mita 100. == 2021 Relays na Duniya == An zabi Amoah ne don wakiltar Ghana a gasar Relays na Duniya na 2021 a ranar 1 &#x2013; 2 ga watan Mayu a Poland, wanda ya kasance ɗan wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar Olympics ta 2021 da Gasar Gasar Duniya ta 2022 ga Ghana. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> A wasan karshe Amoah ya kafa Ghana da tagulla a cikin tseren daƙiƙa 39.11, amma ƙungiyar ta kasa shiga gasar bayan da aka yi bitar faifan bidiyo ya nuna Amoah yana karɓar sandar bayan yankin da ya wuce daga abokin wasansa Joseph Oduro Manu.<ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> Sai dai kuma, saboda sun tsallake zuwa wasan karshe da daƙiƙa 38.79 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, Ghana da Amoah har yanzu sun cancanci shiga gasar Olympics.<ref>Tahiru, Fentuo (2019-05-01). </ref> == Sana'a/Aiki == Joseph Paul ya yi gudu a ƙasa da daƙiƙa 10 a karon farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun 2022 da daƙiƙa 9.94, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan Ghana na 4 da ya gudanar da gasar kasa da daƙiƙa 10. Wannan karon kuma shi ne karo na farko a tarihin Ghana inda 'yan wasansu biyu suka zama na daya a duniya a gasar gudun mita 100. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == === Gasar cin kofin duniya === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakili</img> Ghana ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | Wasannin Commonwealth | 15th | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwgw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 20.99 | 0.0 | Gold Coast, Australia | |- | rowspan="5" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | Wasannin Afirka | 4th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwkg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.11 | +1.6 | rowspan="3" | Rabat, Morocco | |- | bgcolor="gold" | 1st | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwng">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.30|| {{N/a}} | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | 21st | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwqA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 21.20 | +0.3 | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya | 34th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwtA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.36 | -0.8 | rowspan="2" | Doha, Qatar | |- | 13th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwwA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.24|| {{N/a}} | |- | 2021 | Relays na Duniya | data-sort-value="DQ" bgcolor="f5a9a9" | <s>3rd</s> {{AthAbbr|DQ}} | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwzw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | data-sort-value="999.99" | <s>39.11</s>|| {{N/a}} | Chorzow, Poland | Wucewa waje zone <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> |- | 2022 | Wasannin Commonwealth | bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd | 200 m | 20.49 | | Birmingham, United Kingdom | |} === Gasar cin kofin kasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakilin Eagles Jihar Coppin ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw-g">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 13th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.60 | +1.1 | Eugene, Amurka | |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAQc">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 8th | 100&nbsp;m | 10.22 | +0.8 | rowspan="3" | Austin, Amurika | |- | 6 ta | 200&nbsp;m | 20.19 | +0.8 | |- | 14th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.30 || {{N/a}} | |- | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwASI">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 15th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.51|| {{N/a}} | rowspan="3" | Eugene, Amurka | |- | 9 ta | 100&nbsp;m | 10.21 | +0.9 | |- | 10th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.51 | +1.4 | |} * Sakamako na NCAA daga tsarin Rahoto na Sakandare Track & Field. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] qookawjowl7nzz0rukbazex7f4fqtn6 823780 823779 2026-04-21T16:21:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 823780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|dan wasan tsere joseph amoha]]   '''Joseph Paul Amoah(''' an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1997), ya kasance ɗan wasan tseren [[Ghana]] ne wanda ya ƙware a cikin mita 100 da mita 200. Ya fafata a gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya ta shekarar 2019 a tseren mita 100 da mita 4×100, kuma a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin tseren 4.×Mita 100 na metre relay.<ref>Watta, Evelyn (2019-08-29). "Joseph Amoah: The Ghanaian sprint hope with big dreams" . Olympic Channel . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref>"JOSEPH AMOAH COPPIN STATE" . TFRRS. Retrieved 2021-05-02.</ref> Ya kuma kasance ɗan.wasan karshe na mita 100 a gasar Afrika ta 2019, inda ya zo na hudu.<ref name="2019 African Games" /> [[Fayil:2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships (40837979710).jpg|thumb|'''Joseph Paul Amoah''']] Amoah yana da mafi kyawun lokutan sirri na daƙiƙa 9.94 da daƙiƙa 20.08 a cikin mita 100 da mita 200 bi da bi.<ref>Lee, Edward (2019-07-05). "Coppin State's Joseph Amoah emerges as world-class sprinter, eyes representing Ghana at 2020 Olympics" . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> Bajintar da ya taka a tseren mita 200 ya karya tarihin Ghana da Emmanuel Tuffour wanda ya taba rikewa sau uku a baya da dakika 0.07.<ref>"4 x 100 Metres Relay Men - Round 1" (PDF). IAAF . 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Amoah a ranar 12 ga Janairun shekara ta 1997 ɗane ga Thomas Amoah da Alberta Antwi a [[Yankin Greater Accra|Greater Accra]], Ghana, kuma kawunsa Dokta Victor Antwi ya rene shi daga makarantar sakandare zuwa gaba. Wasan da ya fi so ya girma shine [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]], amma ya canza zuwa wasan motsa jiki yayin da yake halartar [[Kwalejin Prempeh]] a [[Kumasi]] inda aka gano gwanintarsa ta gudu. A lokacin da yake dan shekara 19, ya fito a matsayin mai fatan shiga gasar Olympics a Ghana a tseren gudun mita 100 a cikin daƙiƙa 10.08 a gasar Gasar Gasar Ɗan Adam ta Ghana ta shekarar 2016.<ref>"Results" (PDF). Atos. 2019-08-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-01.</ref> == Jami'a == [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|Joseph Amoah]] Bayan aikin share fage a Kwalejin Prempeh, ya yanke shawarar barin wasannin motsa jiki lokacin da ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST). Sai dai babban mai horar da ‘yan wasa a KNUST ya samu labarin hazakar Amoah a lokacin da yake kwalejin Prempeh kuma ya shawo kan Amoah ya shiga kungiyar tare da taimakon kawunsa.<ref>"Joseph Amoah becomes first Ghanaian to qualify for 2020 Olympic Games" . Joy Online . 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A cikin shekarar 2017 ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Coppin a Baltimore, wanda ke fafatawa a Division na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Amurka.<ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na tsakiyar Gabas ta shekarar 2019 a watan Mayu, Amoah ya zama ɗan Ghana na farko a kowane wasa da ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekara ta 2020 ta hanyar gudun mita 200 a cikin mafi kyawun lokaci cikin dakika 20.20. Wannan shi ne wasan da ya fi sauri daga ɗan Ghana tun a shekarar 1995 kuma ya ba shi damar shiga gasar tseren guje-guje ta duniya ta 2019. Daga baya a watan Yuni na waccan lokacin a sashin NCAA Gasar Zakarun Turai, ya inganta mafi kyawun lokutansa a cikin tseren mita 100 da mita 200 zuwa dakika 10.01 da dakika 20.08 bi da bi. Ya karya tarihin dan wasan Olympic Emmanuel Tuffour na Ghana na shekaru 24 sau uku a tseren mita 200 (dakika 20.15, a tsayi), kuma ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a cikin mita 100. == 2021 Relays na Duniya == An zabi Amoah ne don wakiltar Ghana a gasar Relays na Duniya na 2021 a ranar 1 &#x2013; 2 ga watan Mayu a Poland, wanda ya kasance ɗan wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar Olympics ta 2021 da Gasar Gasar Duniya ta 2022 ga Ghana.<ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> A wasan karshe Amoah ya kafa Ghana da tagulla a cikin tseren daƙiƙa 39.11, amma ƙungiyar ta kasa shiga gasar bayan da aka yi bitar faifan bidiyo ya nuna Amoah yana karɓar sandar bayan yankin da ya wuce daga abokin wasansa Joseph Oduro Manu.<ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> Sai dai kuma, saboda sun tsallake zuwa wasan karshe da daƙiƙa 38.79 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, Ghana da Amoah har yanzu sun cancanci shiga gasar Olympics.<ref>Tahiru, Fentuo (2019-05-01). </ref> == Sana'a/Aiki == Joseph Paul ya yi gudu a ƙasa da daƙiƙa 10 a karon farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun 2022 da daƙiƙa 9.94, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan Ghana na 4 da ya gudanar da gasar kasa da daƙiƙa 10. Wannan karon kuma shi ne karo na farko a tarihin Ghana inda 'yan wasansu biyu suka zama na daya a duniya a gasar gudun mita 100. <ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == === Gasar cin kofin duniya === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakili</img> Ghana ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | Wasannin Commonwealth | 15th | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwgw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 20.99 | 0.0 | Gold Coast, Australia | |- | rowspan="5" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | Wasannin Afirka | 4th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwkg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.11 | +1.6 | rowspan="3" | Rabat, Morocco | |- | bgcolor="gold" | 1st | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwng">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.30|| {{N/a}} | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | 21st | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwqA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 21.20 | +0.3 | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya | 34th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwtA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.36 | -0.8 | rowspan="2" | Doha, Qatar | |- | 13th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwwA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.24|| {{N/a}} | |- | 2021 | Relays na Duniya | data-sort-value="DQ" bgcolor="f5a9a9" | <s>3rd</s> {{AthAbbr|DQ}} | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwzw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | data-sort-value="999.99" | <s>39.11</s>|| {{N/a}} | Chorzow, Poland | Wucewa waje zone <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> |- | 2022 | Wasannin Commonwealth | bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd | 200 m | 20.49 | | Birmingham, United Kingdom | |} === Gasar cin kofin kasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakilin Eagles Jihar Coppin ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw-g">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 13th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.60 | +1.1 | Eugene, Amurka | |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAQc">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 8th | 100&nbsp;m | 10.22 | +0.8 | rowspan="3" | Austin, Amurika | |- | 6 ta | 200&nbsp;m | 20.19 | +0.8 | |- | 14th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.30 || {{N/a}} | |- | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwASI">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 15th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.51|| {{N/a}} | rowspan="3" | Eugene, Amurka | |- | 9 ta | 100&nbsp;m | 10.21 | +0.9 | |- | 10th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.51 | +1.4 | |} * Sakamako na NCAA daga tsarin Rahoto na Sakandare Track & Field. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] lo8x49x26ng6aeabvav7vk4orlj8aif 823781 823780 2026-04-21T16:21:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 823781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|dan wasan tsere joseph amoha]]   '''Joseph Paul Amoah(''' an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1997), ya kasance ɗan wasan tseren [[Ghana]] ne wanda ya ƙware a cikin mita 100 da mita 200. Ya fafata a gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya ta shekarar 2019 a tseren mita 100 da mita 4×100, kuma a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin tseren 4.×Mita 100 na metre relay.<ref>Watta, Evelyn (2019-08-29). "Joseph Amoah: The Ghanaian sprint hope with big dreams" . Olympic Channel . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref>"JOSEPH AMOAH COPPIN STATE" . TFRRS. Retrieved 2021-05-02.</ref> Ya kuma kasance ɗan.wasan karshe na mita 100 a gasar Afrika ta 2019, inda ya zo na hudu.<ref name="2019 African Games" /> [[Fayil:2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships (40837979710).jpg|thumb|'''Joseph Paul Amoah''']] Amoah yana da mafi kyawun lokutan sirri na daƙiƙa 9.94 da daƙiƙa 20.08 a cikin mita 100 da mita 200 bi da bi.<ref>Lee, Edward (2019-07-05). "Coppin State's Joseph Amoah emerges as world-class sprinter, eyes representing Ghana at 2020 Olympics" . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> Bajintar da ya taka a tseren mita 200 ya karya tarihin Ghana da Emmanuel Tuffour wanda ya taba rikewa sau uku a baya da dakika 0.07.<ref>"4 x 100 Metres Relay Men - Round 1" (PDF). IAAF . 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Amoah a ranar 12 ga Janairun shekara ta 1997 ɗane ga Thomas Amoah da Alberta Antwi a [[Yankin Greater Accra|Greater Accra]], Ghana, kuma kawunsa Dokta Victor Antwi ya rene shi daga makarantar sakandare zuwa gaba. Wasan da ya fi so ya girma shine [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]], amma ya canza zuwa wasan motsa jiki yayin da yake halartar [[Kwalejin Prempeh]] a [[Kumasi]] inda aka gano gwanintarsa ta gudu. A lokacin da yake dan shekara 19, ya fito a matsayin mai fatan shiga gasar Olympics a Ghana a tseren gudun mita 100 a cikin daƙiƙa 10.08 a gasar Gasar Gasar Ɗan Adam ta Ghana ta shekarar 2016.<ref>"Results" (PDF). Atos. 2019-08-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-01.</ref> == Jami'a == [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|Joseph Amoah]] Bayan aikin share fage a Kwalejin Prempeh, ya yanke shawarar barin wasannin motsa jiki lokacin da ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST). Sai dai babban mai horar da ‘yan wasa a KNUST ya samu labarin hazakar Amoah a lokacin da yake kwalejin Prempeh kuma ya shawo kan Amoah ya shiga kungiyar tare da taimakon kawunsa.<ref>"Joseph Amoah becomes first Ghanaian to qualify for 2020 Olympic Games" . Joy Online . 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A cikin shekarar 2017 ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Coppin a Baltimore, wanda ke fafatawa a Division na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Amurka.<ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na tsakiyar Gabas ta shekarar 2019 a watan Mayu, Amoah ya zama ɗan Ghana na farko a kowane wasa da ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekara ta 2020 ta hanyar gudun mita 200 a cikin mafi kyawun lokaci cikin dakika 20.20. Wannan shi ne wasan da ya fi sauri daga ɗan Ghana tun a shekarar 1995 kuma ya ba shi damar shiga gasar tseren guje-guje ta duniya ta 2019. Daga baya a watan Yuni na waccan lokacin a sashin NCAA Gasar Zakarun Turai, ya inganta mafi kyawun lokutansa a cikin tseren mita 100 da mita 200 zuwa dakika 10.01 da dakika 20.08 bi da bi. Ya karya tarihin dan wasan Olympic Emmanuel Tuffour na Ghana na shekaru 24 sau uku a tseren mita 200 (dakika 20.15, a tsayi), kuma ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a cikin mita 100. == 2021 Relays na Duniya == An zabi Amoah ne don wakiltar Ghana a gasar Relays na Duniya na 2021 a ranar 1 &#x2013; 2 ga watan Mayu a Poland, wanda ya kasance ɗan wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar Olympics ta 2021 da Gasar Gasar Duniya ta 2022 ga Ghana.<ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> A wasan karshe Amoah ya kafa Ghana da tagulla a cikin tseren daƙiƙa 39.11, amma ƙungiyar ta kasa shiga gasar bayan da aka yi bitar faifan bidiyo ya nuna Amoah yana karɓar sandar bayan yankin da ya wuce daga abokin wasansa Joseph Oduro Manu.<ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> Sai dai kuma, saboda sun tsallake zuwa wasan karshe da daƙiƙa 38.79 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, Ghana da Amoah har yanzu sun cancanci shiga gasar Olympics.<ref>Tahiru, Fentuo (2019-05-01). </ref> == Sana'a/Aiki == Joseph Paul ya yi gudu a ƙasa da daƙiƙa 10 a karon farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun 2022 da daƙiƙa 9.94, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan Ghana na 4 da ya gudanar da gasar kasa da daƙiƙa 10. Wannan karon kuma shi ne karo na farko a tarihin Ghana inda 'yan wasansu biyu suka zama na daya a duniya a gasar gudun mita 100.<ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == === Gasar cin kofin duniya === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakili</img> Ghana ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | Wasannin Commonwealth | 15th | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwgw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 20.99 | 0.0 | Gold Coast, Australia | |- | rowspan="5" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | Wasannin Afirka | 4th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwkg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.11 | +1.6 | rowspan="3" | Rabat, Morocco | |- | bgcolor="gold" | 1st | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwng">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.30|| {{N/a}} | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | 21st | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwqA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 21.20 | +0.3 | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya | 34th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwtA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.36 | -0.8 | rowspan="2" | Doha, Qatar | |- | 13th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwwA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.24|| {{N/a}} | |- | 2021 | Relays na Duniya | data-sort-value="DQ" bgcolor="f5a9a9" | <s>3rd</s> {{AthAbbr|DQ}} | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwzw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | data-sort-value="999.99" | <s>39.11</s>|| {{N/a}} | Chorzow, Poland | Wucewa waje zone <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> |- | 2022 | Wasannin Commonwealth | bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd | 200 m | 20.49 | | Birmingham, United Kingdom | |} === Gasar cin kofin kasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakilin Eagles Jihar Coppin ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw-g">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 13th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.60 | +1.1 | Eugene, Amurka | |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAQc">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 8th | 100&nbsp;m | 10.22 | +0.8 | rowspan="3" | Austin, Amurika | |- | 6 ta | 200&nbsp;m | 20.19 | +0.8 | |- | 14th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.30 || {{N/a}} | |- | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwASI">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 15th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.51|| {{N/a}} | rowspan="3" | Eugene, Amurka | |- | 9 ta | 100&nbsp;m | 10.21 | +0.9 | |- | 10th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.51 | +1.4 | |} * Sakamako na NCAA daga tsarin Rahoto na Sakandare Track & Field. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] psly0gok1ktt5zdd4ql3r2ey5yc8fj7 823782 823781 2026-04-21T16:21:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 823782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|dan wasan tsere joseph amoha]]   '''Joseph Paul Amoah(''' an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1997), ya kasance ɗan wasan tseren [[Ghana]] ne wanda ya ƙware a cikin mita 100 da mita 200. Ya fafata a gasar guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta duniya ta shekarar 2019 a tseren mita 100 da mita 4×100, kuma a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2019 ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin tseren 4.×Mita 100 na metre relay.<ref>Watta, Evelyn (2019-08-29). "Joseph Amoah: The Ghanaian sprint hope with big dreams" . Olympic Channel . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref>"JOSEPH AMOAH COPPIN STATE" . TFRRS. Retrieved 2021-05-02.</ref> Ya kuma kasance ɗan.wasan karshe na mita 100 a gasar Afrika ta 2019, inda ya zo na hudu.<ref name="2019 African Games" /> [[Fayil:2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships (40837979710).jpg|thumb|'''Joseph Paul Amoah''']] Amoah yana da mafi kyawun lokutan sirri na daƙiƙa 9.94 da daƙiƙa 20.08 a cikin mita 100 da mita 200 bi da bi.<ref>Lee, Edward (2019-07-05). "Coppin State's Joseph Amoah emerges as world-class sprinter, eyes representing Ghana at 2020 Olympics" . Baltimore Sun . Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> Bajintar da ya taka a tseren mita 200 ya karya tarihin Ghana da Emmanuel Tuffour wanda ya taba rikewa sau uku a baya da dakika 0.07.<ref>"4 x 100 Metres Relay Men - Round 1" (PDF). IAAF . 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Amoah a ranar 12 ga Janairun shekara ta 1997 ɗane ga Thomas Amoah da Alberta Antwi a [[Yankin Greater Accra|Greater Accra]], Ghana, kuma kawunsa Dokta Victor Antwi ya rene shi daga makarantar sakandare zuwa gaba. Wasan da ya fi so ya girma shine [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]], amma ya canza zuwa wasan motsa jiki yayin da yake halartar [[Kwalejin Prempeh]] a [[Kumasi]] inda aka gano gwanintarsa ta gudu. A lokacin da yake dan shekara 19, ya fito a matsayin mai fatan shiga gasar Olympics a Ghana a tseren gudun mita 100 a cikin daƙiƙa 10.08 a gasar Gasar Gasar Ɗan Adam ta Ghana ta shekarar 2016.<ref>"Results" (PDF). Atos. 2019-08-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-01.</ref> == Jami'a == [[File:200m men Heats Oregon 2022.jpg|thumb|Joseph Amoah]] Bayan aikin share fage a Kwalejin Prempeh, ya yanke shawarar barin wasannin motsa jiki lokacin da ya shiga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST). Sai dai babban mai horar da ‘yan wasa a KNUST ya samu labarin hazakar Amoah a lokacin da yake kwalejin Prempeh kuma ya shawo kan Amoah ya shiga kungiyar tare da taimakon kawunsa.<ref>"Joseph Amoah becomes first Ghanaian to qualify for 2020 Olympic Games" . Joy Online . 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</ref><ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A cikin shekarar 2017 ya koma Jami'ar Jihar Coppin a Baltimore, wanda ke fafatawa a Division na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Amurka.<ref name="2019 BMore Sun" /> A gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na tsakiyar Gabas ta shekarar 2019 a watan Mayu, Amoah ya zama ɗan Ghana na farko a kowane wasa da ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta shekara ta 2020 ta hanyar gudun mita 200 a cikin mafi kyawun lokaci cikin dakika 20.20. Wannan shi ne wasan da ya fi sauri daga ɗan Ghana tun a shekarar 1995 kuma ya ba shi damar shiga gasar tseren guje-guje ta duniya ta 2019. Daga baya a watan Yuni na waccan lokacin a sashin NCAA Gasar Zakarun Turai, ya inganta mafi kyawun lokutansa a cikin tseren mita 100 da mita 200 zuwa dakika 10.01 da dakika 20.08 bi da bi. Ya karya tarihin dan wasan Olympic Emmanuel Tuffour na Ghana na shekaru 24 sau uku a tseren mita 200 (dakika 20.15, a tsayi), kuma ya cancanci shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a cikin mita 100. == 2021 Relays na Duniya == An zabi Amoah ne don wakiltar Ghana a gasar Relays na Duniya na 2021 a ranar 1 &#x2013; 2 ga watan Mayu a Poland, wanda ya kasance ɗan wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar Olympics ta 2021 da Gasar Gasar Duniya ta 2022 ga Ghana.<ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> A wasan karshe Amoah ya kafa Ghana da tagulla a cikin tseren daƙiƙa 39.11, amma ƙungiyar ta kasa shiga gasar bayan da aka yi bitar faifan bidiyo ya nuna Amoah yana karɓar sandar bayan yankin da ya wuce daga abokin wasansa Joseph Oduro Manu.<ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> Sai dai kuma, saboda sun tsallake zuwa wasan karshe da daƙiƙa 38.79 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, Ghana da Amoah har yanzu sun cancanci shiga gasar Olympics.<ref>Tahiru, Fentuo (2019-05-01). </ref> == Sana'a/Aiki == Joseph Paul ya yi gudu a ƙasa da daƙiƙa 10 a karon farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun 2022 da daƙiƙa 9.94, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan Ghana na 4 da ya gudanar da gasar kasa da daƙiƙa 10. Wannan karon kuma shi ne karo na farko a tarihin Ghana inda 'yan wasansu biyu suka zama na daya a duniya a gasar gudun mita 100.<ref name=":1">[https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghanas-team-for-world-athletics-relay/ "Ghana’s team for World Athletics Relay"]. </ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == === Gasar cin kofin duniya === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakili</img> Ghana ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | Wasannin Commonwealth | 15th | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwgw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 20.99 | 0.0 | Gold Coast, Australia | |- | rowspan="5" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | Wasannin Afirka | 4th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwkg">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.11 | +1.6 | rowspan="3" | Rabat, Morocco | |- | bgcolor="gold" | 1st | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwng">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.30|| {{N/a}} | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | 21st | 200<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwqA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 21.20 | +0.3 | <ref name="2019 African Games" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya | 34th | 100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwtA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m | 10.36 | -0.8 | rowspan="2" | Doha, Qatar | |- | 13th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwwA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | 38.24|| {{N/a}} | |- | 2021 | Relays na Duniya | data-sort-value="DQ" bgcolor="f5a9a9" | <s>3rd</s> {{AthAbbr|DQ}} | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwzw">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>m relay | data-sort-value="999.99" | <s>39.11</s>|| {{N/a}} | Chorzow, Poland | Wucewa waje zone <ref name="2021 WA relays">[https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1078718/world-relays-ghana-disqualified-in-final-despite.html "World Relays: Ghana disqualified in final despite finishing 3rd"]. </ref> |- | 2022 | Wasannin Commonwealth | bgcolor="cc9966" | 3rd | 200 m | 20.49 | | Birmingham, United Kingdom | |} === Gasar cin kofin kasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+Wakilin Eagles Jihar Coppin ! Shekara ! Gasa ! Matsayi ! Lamarin ! Lokaci ! Iska (m/s) ! Wuri ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw-g">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 13th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.60 | +1.1 | Eugene, Amurka | |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAQc">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 8th | 100&nbsp;m | 10.22 | +0.8 | rowspan="3" | Austin, Amurika | |- | 6 ta | 200&nbsp;m | 20.19 | +0.8 | |- | 14th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.30 || {{N/a}} | |- | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="3" | NCAA Division<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwASI">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Ina Gasar Zakarun Turai | 15th | data-sort-value="400 relay" | 4×100&nbsp;m relay | 39.51|| {{N/a}} | rowspan="3" | Eugene, Amurka | |- | 9 ta | 100&nbsp;m | 10.21 | +0.9 | |- | 10th | 200&nbsp;m | 20.51 | +1.4 | |} * Sakamako na NCAA daga tsarin Rahoto na Sakandare Track & Field. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] bvvgsqllk44wlxy81q3uoxo8r8t8qac 0 43057 823973 414343 2026-04-22T06:21:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|Yussif Mousa}} '''Yussif Daouda Mousa''' (an haife shi 4 Satumba 1998) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a kulob ɗin Finnish Ilves. An haife shi a Ghana, yana wakiltar tawagar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Nijar. == Aikin kulob == A ranar 9 ga Disamba 2021, ya amince ya koma Ilves a Finland akan kwangilar shekara guda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ilvesedustus.fi/moussa-palaa-ilvekseen/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-06 |archive-date=2022-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112192439/https://ilvesedustus.fi/moussa-palaa-ilvekseen/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == An haifi Moussa kuma ya girma a Ghana, 'yan leƙen asirin Nijar ne suka gano Moussa kuma ya koma ƙasar don neman ƙarin damammaki. An haife shi a matsayin ɗan Nijar, ya wakilci ƙungiyoyin matasa na ƙasar Nijar kafin ya fara buga wasa da babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Nijar a 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sportsworldghana.com/participating-at-the-wafu-cup-in-ghana-is-a-pleasure-moussa/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-06 |archive-date=2021-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009030235/https://sportsworldghana.com/participating-at-the-wafu-cup-in-ghana-is-a-pleasure-moussa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ƙididdiga sana'a == === Kulob === {{Updated|29 October 2019.}}<ref>https://int.soccerway.com/players/yussif-daouda-moussa/605599/</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | Ilves | 2019 | Veikkausliiga | 23 | 2 | 2 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 0 | 0 | 25 | 2 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 23 ! 2 ! 2 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 25 ! 2 |} ; Bayanan kula === Ƙasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 19 November 2019.}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Tawagar kasa ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="3" | Nijar | 2017 | 2 | 0 |- | 2018 | 1 | 0 |- | 2019 | 3 | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 6 ! 1 |} === Manufar ƙasa da ƙasa === : ''Ciki da sakamakon ƙwallayen da Nijar ta ci a farko.''<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/68942/Yussif_Moussa.html</ref> {| class="wikitable" !A'a. ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasa |- | 1. | 19 Nuwamba 2019 | Stade Général Seyni Kountché, [[Niamey]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Niger]] |</img> Madagascar | align="center" | '''2-6''' | align="center" | 2–6 | 2021 neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] 7pqlrnwr96406jahi47uk7gmhjcmkpq 0 43242 823824 479404 2026-04-21T20:13:13Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Musa Juwara''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2001), ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Gambiya [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wanda]] ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar OB ta Danish a kan aro daga ƙungiyar Seria A Bologna da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Gambiya . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aiki === An haifi Juwara a Gambiya kuma ya yi hijira zuwa Italiya a cikin shekarar 2016. A can, ya fara wasa da ƙwallon ƙafa tare da Virtus Avigliano kuma bayan cin nasara kakar da aka scouted by Chievo . Hukumar FIGC ta dakatar da shi daga komawa Chievo, amma ya kalubalanci sauraron karar kuma daga karshe ya shiga su. Juwara a taƙaice ya koma Torino FC a matsayin aro na 2019 Torneo di Viareggio, inda ya zira kwallaye 3 a wasanni 3, kafin ya koma Verona a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bana.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.11giovani.it/index.php/component/k2/viareggio-cup-juwara-del-chievo-in-prestito-al-torino|title=Viareggio Cup - Juwara del Chievo in prestito al Torino|first=Diego|last=d’Avanzo|website=11giovani}}</ref> [[Fayil:Musa Juwara.jpg|thumb|Musa Juwara]] Ya buga wasansa na farko na ƙwararru don Chievo a wasan 0-0 Seria A da Frosinone Calcio a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2019, yana zuwa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Manuel Pucciarelli na minti na 79. === Bologna === A ranar 8 ga Yulin 2019, Juwara ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniya da Bologna . Kodayake an sanya shi cikin 'yan wasan su na 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 don kakar 2019-2020, da sauri ya fara faɗawa cikin shirye-shiryen ƙungiyar farko ta Siniša Mihajlović, wanda ya fara halarta a ranar 4 ga Disamba ta hanyar buga cikakken mintuna 90 a cikin 4-0 Coppa Italia . shan kashi a hannun Udinese .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/sport/calcio/serie-a/udinese/2019/12/04/news/coppa_italia_udinese_bologna_4-0-242610068/|access-date=6 July 2020|title=Coppa Italia: poker Udinese, 4-0 al Bologna. Per i friulani c'è la Juve}}</ref> Wasan farko na gasar Seria A a kulob ɗin ya zo ne a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, ya zo ne a minti na 86 da ya maye gurbin [[Musa Barrow]] a wasan da suka ci Roma 3-2. Hakan zai biyo bayan bayyanar da benci a kan Genoa da Udinese, kafin a dakatar da gasar a ranar 9 ga Maris sakamakon cutar ta COVID-19 . Bayan da aka dawo gasar za a ba shi dama da dama a rukunin farko a sakamakon wasan da aka yi da kuma sabon tsarin maye gurbin 5, wanda ya burge shi a wasan farko da aka yi rashin nasara da ci 2-0 a Juventus a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, inda ya yi nasara. Ya maye gurbin Riccardo Orsolini a minti na 82. Manufarsa ta Serie A ta farko ta zo ne a ranar 5 ga watan Yuli, a cikin wani aiki mai gamsarwa a San Siro, inda zai zira ƙwallaye mai daidaitawa kuma ya tabbatar da aikawa da Alessandro Bastoni a cikin nasara 2-1 akan Inter Milan .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/sport/calcio/serie-a/bologna/2020/07/05/news/bologna_la_favola_di_musa_juwara_dallo_sbarco_col_barcone_4_anni_fa_al_gol_che_ha_affondato_l_inter-261077749/|access-date=6 July 2020|title=Bologna, la favola di Musa Juwara: dall'arrivo col barcone 4 anni fa al gol a San Siro}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Boavista ==== A ranar 6 ga Oktobar 2020, ya shiga ƙungiyar Boavista ta Portugal a kan aro tare da zaɓi don siye.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Bologna F.C. 1909|Bologna]]|url=https://www.bolognafc.it/en/juwara-to-boavista/|title=Juwara to Boavista|date=6 October 2020}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Crotone ==== A ranar 13 ga Yulin 2021, ya koma kan lamuni zuwa Crotone . A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2022, an dakatar da lamunin da wuri.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=[[F.C. Crotone|Crotone]]|url=https://www.fccrotone.it/in-evidenza/operazioni-di-mercato-3/|title=Operazioni di mercato|date=31 January 2022|access-date=23 March 2022|language=it}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga OB ==== A ranar 19 ga Janairun 2023, Juwara ya shiga OB a Denmark akan lamuni har zuwa 31 ga Disambar 2023, tare da zaɓi don siye.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=OB|url=https://www.ob.dk/nyhedsarkiv/ob-lejer-musa-juwara-i-bologna-fc/|title=OB lejer Musa Juwara i Bologna F.C.|date=19 January 2023|access-date=19 January 2023|language=da}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == Juwara ya fafata da Gambiya a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Congo da ci 1-0 a ranar 9 ga watan Oktobar 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gambiaff.org/gambia-1-0-congo-in-friendly-international/|title=Gambia 1-0 Congo In Friendly International|date=October 9, 2020|website=THE GFF &#124; Official Website}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|musa-juwara/563350}} * [http://www.legaseriea.it/en/players/musa-juwara/JUWARA Lega Serie A Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929140726/http://www.legaseriea.it/en/players/musa-juwara/JUWARA |date=2020-09-29 }} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nbdb2xma7huncpxy1jrneejksrw6ri0 823825 823824 2026-04-21T20:13:41Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Musa Juwara''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2001), ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Gambiya [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wanda]] ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar OB ta Danish a kan aro daga ƙungiyar Seria A Bologna da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Gambiya . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aiki === An haifi Juwara a Gambiya kuma ya yi hijira zuwa Italiya a cikin shekarar 2016. A can, ya fara wasa da ƙwallon ƙafa tare da Virtus Avigliano kuma bayan cin nasara kakar da aka scouted by Chievo . Hukumar FIGC ta dakatar da shi daga komawa Chievo, amma ya ƙalubalanci sauraron karar kuma daga karshe ya shiga su. Juwara a taƙaice ya koma Torino FC a matsayin aro na 2019 Torneo di Viareggio, inda ya zira kwallaye 3 a wasanni 3, kafin ya koma Verona a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bana.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.11giovani.it/index.php/component/k2/viareggio-cup-juwara-del-chievo-in-prestito-al-torino|title=Viareggio Cup - Juwara del Chievo in prestito al Torino|first=Diego|last=d’Avanzo|website=11giovani}}</ref> [[Fayil:Musa Juwara.jpg|thumb|Musa Juwara]] Ya buga wasansa na farko na ƙwararru don Chievo a wasan 0-0 Seria A da Frosinone Calcio a ranar 25 ga Mayu 2019, yana zuwa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Manuel Pucciarelli na minti na 79. === Bologna === A ranar 8 ga Yulin 2019, Juwara ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniya da Bologna . Kodayake an sanya shi cikin 'yan wasan su na 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 don kakar 2019-2020, da sauri ya fara faɗawa cikin shirye-shiryen ƙungiyar farko ta Siniša Mihajlović, wanda ya fara halarta a ranar 4 ga Disamba ta hanyar buga cikakken mintuna 90 a cikin 4-0 Coppa Italia . shan kashi a hannun Udinese .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/sport/calcio/serie-a/udinese/2019/12/04/news/coppa_italia_udinese_bologna_4-0-242610068/|access-date=6 July 2020|title=Coppa Italia: poker Udinese, 4-0 al Bologna. Per i friulani c'è la Juve}}</ref> Wasan farko na gasar Seria A a kulob ɗin ya zo ne a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, ya zo ne a minti na 86 da ya maye gurbin [[Musa Barrow]] a wasan da suka ci Roma 3-2. Hakan zai biyo bayan bayyanar da benci a kan Genoa da Udinese, kafin a dakatar da gasar a ranar 9 ga Maris sakamakon cutar ta COVID-19 . Bayan da aka dawo gasar za a ba shi dama da dama a rukunin farko a sakamakon wasan da aka yi da kuma sabon tsarin maye gurbin 5, wanda ya burge shi a wasan farko da aka yi rashin nasara da ci 2-0 a Juventus a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni, inda ya yi nasara. Ya maye gurbin Riccardo Orsolini a minti na 82. Manufarsa ta Serie A ta farko ta zo ne a ranar 5 ga watan Yuli, a cikin wani aiki mai gamsarwa a San Siro, inda zai zira ƙwallaye mai daidaitawa kuma ya tabbatar da aikawa da Alessandro Bastoni a cikin nasara 2-1 akan Inter Milan .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/sport/calcio/serie-a/bologna/2020/07/05/news/bologna_la_favola_di_musa_juwara_dallo_sbarco_col_barcone_4_anni_fa_al_gol_che_ha_affondato_l_inter-261077749/|access-date=6 July 2020|title=Bologna, la favola di Musa Juwara: dall'arrivo col barcone 4 anni fa al gol a San Siro}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Boavista ==== A ranar 6 ga Oktobar 2020, ya shiga ƙungiyar Boavista ta Portugal a kan aro tare da zaɓi don siye.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Bologna F.C. 1909|Bologna]]|url=https://www.bolognafc.it/en/juwara-to-boavista/|title=Juwara to Boavista|date=6 October 2020}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Crotone ==== A ranar 13 ga Yulin 2021, ya koma kan lamuni zuwa Crotone . A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2022, an dakatar da lamunin da wuri.<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=[[F.C. Crotone|Crotone]]|url=https://www.fccrotone.it/in-evidenza/operazioni-di-mercato-3/|title=Operazioni di mercato|date=31 January 2022|access-date=23 March 2022|language=it}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga OB ==== A ranar 19 ga Janairun 2023, Juwara ya shiga OB a Denmark akan lamuni har zuwa 31 ga Disambar 2023, tare da zaɓi don siye.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=OB|url=https://www.ob.dk/nyhedsarkiv/ob-lejer-musa-juwara-i-bologna-fc/|title=OB lejer Musa Juwara i Bologna F.C.|date=19 January 2023|access-date=19 January 2023|language=da}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == Juwara ya fafata da Gambiya a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Congo da ci 1-0 a ranar 9 ga watan Oktobar 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gambiaff.org/gambia-1-0-congo-in-friendly-international/|title=Gambia 1-0 Congo In Friendly International|date=October 9, 2020|website=THE GFF &#124; Official Website}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|musa-juwara/563350}} * [http://www.legaseriea.it/en/players/musa-juwara/JUWARA Lega Serie A Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929140726/http://www.legaseriea.it/en/players/musa-juwara/JUWARA |date=2020-09-29 }} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] adselgzdkwj7o13pexgq2q0mdcfgm4f 0 44346 824074 746507 2026-04-22T08:51:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zaɓen Gwamnan Jihar Kano na 1979''' ya gudana a ranar 28 ga Yulin shekarar 1979.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BNW Magazine: Alhaji Abubakar Rimi in Conversation with Helon Habila: The Chinua Achebe Foundation Interview Series #2 Nigeria: A Meeting of the Minds Biafra Nigeria World :@ Biafra NigeriaWorld.|url=http://magazine.biafranigeriaworld.com/chinua-achebe/2005mar21-achebe-foundation-abubakar-rimi-interview.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=magazine.biafranigeriaworld.com|archive-date=2009-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803161403/http://magazine.biafranigeriaworld.com/chinua-achebe/2005mar21-achebe-foundation-abubakar-rimi-interview.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Ancient Kano - How Settlers Become Indigenes|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200812160231.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622121205/https://allafrica.com/stories/200812160231.html|archive-date=June 22, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria: Ex-Gov Rimi Dies After Armed Robbery Attack|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201004050071.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-28|website=allafrica.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406203054/http://allafrica.com:80/stories/201004050071.html |archive-date=April 6, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=GOOD LUCK, BAD LUCK? WHO KNOWS?|url=http://www.weekly.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1971%3Agood-luck-bad-luck-who-knows-&catid=44%3Asaturday-column&Itemid=113|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-28|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100315082421/http://www.weekly.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1971%3Agood-luck-bad-luck-who-knows-&catid=44%3Asaturday-column&Itemid=113|archive-date = March 15, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Abubakar Rimi: A notorious cash and carry politician |url=https://www.ngex.com/news/public/article.php?ArticleID=743|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-28|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071027023306/https://www.ngex.com/news/public/article.php?ArticleID=743|archive-date = October 27, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alhaji Abubakar Rimi may mean well for NdiIgbo|url=http://nigeriaworld.com/letters/2000/sep/082.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030807184230/http://nigeriaworld.com/letters/2000/sep/082.html|archive-date=August 7, 2003}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-04-05|title=Ex-Gov. Abubakar Rimi is dead|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/04/ex-gov-abubakar-rimi-is-dead/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Guardian's Memorial Tribute to Mohammed Abubakar Rimi (1940-2010)|url=http://waado.org/NigerDelta/Memorials/Mohammed_Abubakar_Rimi.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=waado.org|archive-date=2021-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427234943/http://waado.org/NigerDelta/Memorials/Mohammed_Abubakar_Rimi.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Abubakar Rimi is dead|url=http://pointblanknews.com/os3146.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=pointblanknews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Blueprint|date=2014-04-09|title=Remembering Abubakar Rimi|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/remembering-abubakar-rimi/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> [[People's Redemption Party|PRP]] candidate [[Abubakar Rimi]] won the election.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Panter-Brick|first=Keith|date=1979|title=Nigeria: The 1979 Elections|publisher=Sage Publications, Ltd.|journal=Africa Spectrum|volume=14|number=3|pages=317–335|jstor=40173962}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Joseph|first=Richard A.|date=1981|title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79|publisher=Cambridge University Press|journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion|volume=11|number=1/2|pages=17–23|jstor=1166229}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Okpu|first=Ugbana|date=1985|title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983|publisher=Sage Publications, Ltd.|journal=Africa Spectrum|volume=20|number=2|pages=191–209|jstor=40174204}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian States|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|access-date=2021-04-28|website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-09-03|title=Ibrahim BB Farouk dies at 82|url=https://www.naija247news.com/2014/09/03/ibrahim-bb-farouk-dies-at-82/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Naija247news|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mustapha|first=Olusegun|date=2013-09-06|title=Hajiya Amina Ibrahim BB Faruk: Abubuwa uku suka taimake ni zaman duniya|url=https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/hajiya-amina-ibrahim-bb-faruk-abubuwa-uku-suka-taimake-ni-zaman-duniya|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Daily Trust Aminiya|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-23|title=KANO STATE GOVERNORS 1967-2007|url=https://tarihispace.com.ng/blog/2019/11/23/kano-state-governors-and-commissioners-1967-2007/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Tarihi Space|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428163229/https://tarihispace.com.ng/blog/2019/11/23/kano-state-governors-and-commissioners-1967-2007/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ibrahim BB Farouk dies at 82|url=https://dailytrust.com/ibrahim-bb-farouk-dies-at-82|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Daily Trust|date=September 2, 2014|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428163225/https://dailytrust.com/ibrahim-bb-farouk-dies-at-82|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20140905/282514361722616|access-date=2021-04-28|title=Daily Trust|website=PressReader}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-09-05|title=Ibrahim BB Farouk dies at 82|url=http://dailytrust.com.ng/daily/news/33296-ibrahim-bb-farouk-dies-at-82|access-date=2021-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905230150/http://dailytrust.com.ng/daily/news/33296-ibrahim-bb-farouk-dies-at-82|archive-date=September 5, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria: Where Are Second Republic Governors?|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604161632/https://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html|archive-date=June 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria - THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm|access-date=2021-04-28|website=countrystudies.us}}</ref> An zaɓi [[Abubakar Rimi]] a matsayin mataimakin sakataren jam'iyyar PRP a watan Disamba shekarar 1978 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . Ya zama dan takarar gwamna a jam’iyyar a ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1979.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-13|title=Rimi's giant footprints: Tribute to the last great leader|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/rimis-giant-footprints-tribute-last-great-leader/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: Information on the treatment of current members and supporters of the National Democratic Coalition (NDC) and other political parties since the death of Sani Abacha, including information about new arrests under Abdulsalam Abubakar|url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6abab2c.html|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Refworld|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=9 years after: Remembering Abubakar Rimi|url=https://dailytrust.com/9-years-after-remembering-abubakar-rimi|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Daily Trust|date=April 14, 2019|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Remembering Abubakar Rimi - By: Webmaster|url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-abubakar-rimi|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Daily Trust|date=April 8, 2014|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Remembering the Late Abubakar Mohammed Rimi - By: Webmaster|url=https://dailytrust.com/remembering-the-late-abubakar-mohammed-rimi|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Daily Trust|date=April 12, 2014|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=KANO: DON'T RULE OUT SURPRISES|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/32386/kano-dont-rule-out-surprises.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=38 Years After . . . Malam Aminu Kano's PRP, Our PRP Offers Only Hope For Change|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/297900/38-years-after--malam-aminu-kanos-prp-our-prp-offers.html|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-10-02|title=Trapped in the past|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/trapped-in-the-past/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerians Are Cowards - Rimi|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200404200068.html|url-status=live|access-date=2012-04-28|website=allafrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Admins|date=2013-04-08|title=Abubakar Rimi and the Defeat of Democracy, By Adagbo Onoja Newsdiaryonline|url=https://newsdiaryonline.com/abubakar-rimi-and-the-defeat-of-democracy-by-adagbo-onoja/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Newsdiaryonline|language=en-US}}</ref> Ɗan takarar jam’iyyar PRP [[Abubakar Rimi]] ne ya lashe zaɓen. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=317–335}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=17–23}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=191–209}}</ref> == Sakamako == [[Abubakar Rimi]] mai wakiltar jam'iyyar PRP ne ya lashe zaɓen.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-05|title=Remembering Abubakar Rimi|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/04/06/remembering-abubakar-rimi/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-27|title=In picture: Rimi's decrepit grave. -|url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2017/02/27/in-picture-rimis-decrepit-grave/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=The NEWS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Abubakar Rimi:11 years after|url=http://triumphnews.org/abubakar-rimi11-years-after/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=TRIUMPH NEWS|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427234943/http://triumphnews.org/abubakar-rimi11-years-after/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=One year after Abubakar Rimi's passage|url=https://dailytrust.com/one-year-after-abubakar-rimis-passage|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria: Ex-Gov Rimi Dies After Armed Robbery Attack - Afran - News - AFRAN Study and Research Institute (Africa & Iran)|url=http://www.afran.ir/en/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3408|access-date=2021-04-27|website=www.afran.ir|archive-date=2021-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427234943/http://www.afran.ir/en/modules/news/article.php?storyid=3408|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Abubakar Rimi shot dead|url=https://news2.onlinenigeria.com/news/general/5132-abubakar-rimi-shot-dead.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-28|website=news2.onlinenigeria.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427234948/https://news2.onlinenigeria.com/news/general/5132-abubakar-rimi-shot-dead.html |archive-date=April 27, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-04-08|title=Police nab 15 over Abubakar Rimi's death|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/04/police-nab-15-over-abubakar-rimis-death/|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rimi - Exit of a Glamorous Politician [column]|url=https://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2010/04/13/4724999.htm|access-date=2021-04-27|website=www.tmcnet.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/sunday-trust/20161009/281689729321421|access-date=2021-04-27|title=Sunday Trust|website=PressReader}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-17|title=Recalling Former Governor Rimi's Attempt To Diminish the Emir of Kano, By Jibrin Ibrahim - Premium Times Opinion|url=https://opinion.premiumtimesng.com/2019/05/17/recalling-former-governor-rimis-attempt-to-diminish-the-emir-of-kano-by-jibrin-ibrahim/|access-date=2021-04-27|language=en-US}}</ref> Zaɓen da aka yi ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1979.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-07-25|title=allAfrica.com: Nigeria: That Rimi's Outburst on Lawal Kaita (Page 1 of 1)|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200802290445.html|access-date=2021-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725145610/https://allafrica.com/stories/200802290445.html|archive-date=July 25, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-14|title=Two Surviving Governors Elected In 1979|url=https://openlife.ng/two-surviving-governors-elected-in-1979/|access-date=2021-04-28|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-04|title=Kano political associates eulogizes late Abubakar Rimi's achievements|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/kano-political-associates-eulogizes-late-abubakar-rimis-achievements/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Cowell|first1=Alan|date=1981-07-31|title=CONFLICTS EMERGING IN NIGERIA'S 21-MONTH CIVIL REGIME|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/31/world/conflicts-emerging-in-nigeria-s-21-month-civil-regime.html|access-date=2021-04-28|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rimi|url=http://www.gamji.com/article6000/NEWS7572.htm|access-date=2021-04-28|website=www.gamji.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-04-05|title=Kano stands still as Rimi is buried|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/04/kano-standstill-as-rimi-is-laid-to-rest/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=33. Nigeria (1960-present)|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=uca.edu|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='How I succeeded Malam Aminu Kano'|url=https://dailytrust.com/how-i-succeeded-malam-aminu-kano|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Emmanuel|first=Odang|title=Nigeria Second Republic Governors - Rainbownigeria|url=https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/09/19/nigeria-second-republic-governors/|access-date=2021-04-28|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428000147/https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/09/19/nigeria-second-republic-governors/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-11|title=Deputy Governors|url=https://visitkano.com/deputy-governors/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=Visit Kano|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412063614/https://visitkano.com/deputy-governors/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|4}} [[Category:Zabubbuka]] [[Category:Jihar Kano]] 324iktspkctfwj1rb90pbv893trwqou 0 46233 823815 641499 2026-04-21T20:09:15Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Guinea v Gambie, 19 January 202412.jpg|thumb|Yankuba Minteh]] [[Fayil:Guinea v Gambie, 19 January 202412.jpg|thumb|hoton shi a kasa]] '''Yankuba Minteh''' (An haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yuli 2004). ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗarn wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne, ɗan [[Gambiya|ƙasar Gambia]].wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger a ƙungiyar OB. == Aikin kulob == Minteh ya fara aikinsa ne a Steve Biko da ke Gambia. A lokacin rani na shekarar 2022 ya koma Danish club OB.<ref>"OB-profil: Sisto dræbte hele tiden mit hold" . Tipsbladet (in Danish). 1 November 2022.</ref> Ya buga wasansa na farko na Superliga na Danish a ranar 10 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2022 a wasan da suka doke Copenhagen da ci 2-1 kuma ya zura kwallon da ya ci a nasara mintuna uku kacal bayan ya zo a madadin Franco Tongya.<ref>"OB vs. FC Copenhagen" . Soccerway. 10 September 2022.</ref> <ref>"Yankuba Minteh Promoted to Odense First Team" . GambiaFF.org . 27 October 2022.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == [[Fayil:Go Ahead Eagles - Feyenoord - 53679115823.jpg|thumb|Yankuba Minteh]] A ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba, 2022, Toney Minteh an kiransa a karon farko a [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Gambia|tawagar 'yan wasan Gambia]] a wasan sada zumunci da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta DR Congo|DR Congo]] da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Laberiya|Laberiya]].<ref>"Yankuba Minteh på landsholdet" . OB.dk (in Danish). 4 November 2022.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.ob.dk/foersteholdet/yankuba-minteh/ Bayanin OB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322230414/https://www.ob.dk/foersteholdet/yankuba-minteh/ |date=2023-03-22 }} * {{Soccerway|yankuba-minteh/862574}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] h70kyc4lcnuzkqdyj4t79xo4wpgdhtg 823816 823815 2026-04-21T20:09:32Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Guinea v Gambie, 19 January 202412.jpg|thumb|Yankuba Minteh]] [[Fayil:Guinea v Gambie, 19 January 202412.jpg|thumb|hoton shi a kasa]] '''Yankuba Minteh''' (An haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yuli 2004). ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗarn wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne, ɗan [[Gambiya|ƙasar Gambia]].wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger a ƙungiyar OB. == Aikin kulob == Minteh ya fara aikinsa ne a Steve Biko da ke Gambia. A lokacin rani na shekarar 2022 ya koma Danish club OB.<ref>"OB-profil: Sisto dræbte hele tiden mit hold" . Tipsbladet (in Danish). 1 November 2022.</ref> Ya buga wasansa na farko na Superliga na Danish a ranar 10 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2022 a wasan da suka doke Copenhagen da ci 2-1 kuma ya zura kwallon da ya ci a nasara mintuna uku kacal bayan ya zo a madadin Franco Tongya.<ref>"OB vs. FC Copenhagen" . Soccerway. 10 September 2022.</ref> <ref>"Yankuba Minteh Promoted to Odense First Team" . GambiaFF.org . 27 October 2022.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == [[Fayil:Go Ahead Eagles - Feyenoord - 53679115823.jpg|thumb|Yankuba Minteh]] A ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba,'n shekara ta 2022, Toney Minteh an kiransa a karon farko a [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Gambia|tawagar 'yan wasan Gambia]] a wasan sada zumunci da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta DR Congo|DR Congo]] da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Laberiya|Laberiya]].<ref>"Yankuba Minteh på landsholdet" . OB.dk (in Danish). 4 November 2022.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.ob.dk/foersteholdet/yankuba-minteh/ Bayanin OB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322230414/https://www.ob.dk/foersteholdet/yankuba-minteh/ |date=2023-03-22 }} * {{Soccerway|yankuba-minteh/862574}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 01yc12mp6h682r0lj51i6oy7rkgirzr 0 46538 823954 635814 2026-04-22T05:11:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yorgan Edem Agblemagnon''' (An haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan [[Yuli]] 1999) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasa [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]] a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa ta US Châteauneuf-sur-Loire. An haife shi a Faransa, ya buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Togo|tawagar kasar Togo]] wasanni biyu a shekarar ta 2017. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Agblemagnon a Faransa, dan tsohon golan Togo Guy Agblemagnon.<ref>"Yorgan Agblemagnon (Havre AC) déjà dans le viseur de nombreux clubs" . 25 March 2017.</ref> Ya na cikin [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Togo|tawagar kasar Togo]] a wasan sada zumunci 0-0 da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Libya|Libya]] a ranar 24 ga watan [[Maris]] 2017.<ref>"Amical : Libye-Togo (0–0) – Football 365" .</ref> <ref>"Yorgan Agblemagnon convoqué avec le Togo" . hac-foot.com. Retrieved 26 March 2017.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Yorgan Agblemagnon at BDFutbol * Yorgan Agblemagnon at LaPreferente.com (in Spanish) * {{Soccerway|yorgan-agblemagnon/446860}} * [http://www.hac-foot.com/equipe/yorgan-agblemagnon.html Le Havre Profile]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.football365.fr/joueur/agblemagnon-yorgan-201358.shtml Football365 Profile] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] 4fbqzz6ls220y5ivd608yf95cuozqwh 0 48042 823866 459004 2026-04-21T22:57:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Teso''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Teso District''' ) yanki ne a yankin Gabas, a Uganda wanda ta ƙunshi:<ref>DBpedia DBpedia <nowiki>https://dbpedia.org</nowiki> › page › Teso_s... About: Teso sub-region</ref> * Gundumar Amuriya. * Gundumar Bukedea. * Kabramaido District. * Gundumar Kabelebyong. * Gundumar Katakwi. * Gundumar Kumi. * Gundumar Ngora. * Gundumar Serere. * Gundumar Soroti. Yankin tana da faɗin kasa kilomita 13,030.6 kuma tana da kimanin mutane miliyan 2.5 na kabilar Iteso da Kumam. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |title=Uganda Population Size and Ethnic Proportions |access-date=2023-05-05 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>ResearchGate ResearchGate <nowiki>https://www.researchgate.net</nowiki> › figure The Teso sub-region study site in eastern Uganda</ref> A siyasance, gundumar Pallisa ba ta cikin yankin Teso duk da cewa kabilun Iteso sun mamaye manyan sassan wannan gundumar.<ref>OpenStreetMap France <nowiki>http://umap.openstreetmap.fr</nowiki> › map Map Of Teso Region Showing Districts, Subcounties, Parishes ...</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Uganda]] ehsegm4al59yy4w98f8xnr3lzmrg2s1 0 51942 824129 788372 2026-04-22T10:16:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zarinah Hassan''' (an haife ta 23 Satumba 1978), wacce aka fi sani da '''Zari Hassan''', ko kuma wacce aka fi sani da '''Zari the Boss Lady''', 'yar zamantakewar jama'a ce ta [[Uganda]], [[Mawaƙi|mawakiya]], 'yar kasuwa kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, wacce ke zaune a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], inda take gudanar da kasuwanci.<ref name="2R">{{cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Rich-Gang-Ivan-Semwanga-dies/812796-3941046-j5pw4qz/index.html | title=Rich Gang's Ivan Semwanga dies |date=25 May 2017 | work=[[Daily Monitor]] |access-date=7 November 2021 |author=Daily Monitor Reporter |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref><ref name="3R">{{cite web |url=https://www.varcity.co.ke/zari-hassan-still-making-boss-moves/ |title=Zari Hassan Still Making Boss Moves |work=Varcity Kenya |date=13 February 2018 |author=Esther Mwaniki |access-date=7 November 2021 |location=Nairobi |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407121240/https://www.varcity.co.ke/zari-hassan-still-making-boss-moves/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="4R">{{cite web |work=Ugandaonline.net |date=2 June 2017 |url=http://www.ugandaonline.net/201726_zari_speaks_out_on_cause_of_death |title=Zari reveals her last moments with ex-husband, Ivan Semwanga |access-date=20 February 2018 |author=Uganda Online |location=Kampala |archive-date=21 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221100228/http://www.ugandaonline.net/201726_zari_speaks_out_on_cause_of_death |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita ce [[Gado a Musulunci|magaji]] kuma Shugaba na ''Kwalejin Birnin Brooklyn'' (BCC), cibiyar koyar da ilimi iri-iri ce ta Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta kafa tare da mijinta marigayi Ivan Ssemwanga. BCC tana kula da harabar hedkwatar a [[Pretoria]], tare da cibiyoyin tauraron dan adam a Polokwane, [[Durban]], [[Johannesburg]], Nelspruit, Vereeniging da Rustenburg.<ref name="5R">{{cite web| work=[[New Vision]] | url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1454841/zari-takes-ceo-ssemwanga-schools |title=Zari takes over as CEO of Ssemwanga's schools |date=6 June 2017 |author=Musa Ssemwanga |access-date=7 November 2021 |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref></ref><ref name="6R">{{cite web|url=https://newslexpoint.com/zari-stamps-ceo-late-ivans-schools/ |title=Zari Hassan Stamps As The CEO Of The Late Ivan's Schools In SA |work=Newslex Point |date=6 January 2018 | author=Bukejonah |access-date=7 November 2021 |place=Naalya, Uganda}}</ref><ref name="7R">{{cite web| work=Pulselive Kenya | url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/celebrities/zari-hassan-in-jubilation-as-students-graduate-from-her-brooklyn-city-college-sa/2nqkk35 |title=Zari Hassan over the Moon as Students graduate from her Brooklyn City College, SA |date=27 April 2021 | author=Dennis Milimo |access-date=7 November 2021 | location=Nairobi}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == Zari Hassan ta koma ƙasar ta Uganda a shekara ta 2000, bayan shekaru biyu a kasar Ingila. Bayan haka ta koma Afirka ta Kudu inda ta hadu kuma ta auri Ivan Semwanga. Sun haifi 'ya'ya 3.<ref name="Seven">{{cite web |url=http://watchdoguganda.com/zari-hassan-the-definition-of-the-late-ivan-semwangas-love-life/ |title=Zari Hassan; The Definition of the Late Ivan Semwanga's Love Life |date=26 May 2017 |access-date=20 February 2018 |publisher=Watchdoguganda.com |author=Watchdog Reporter |location=Kampala |archive-date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711212553/http://watchdoguganda.com/zari-hassan-the-definition-of-the-late-ivan-semwangas-love-life/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sun rabu a 2013 bayan Zari Hassan ta zargi Semwanga da cin zarafinta.<ref name="Three">{{cite web| newspaper=[[Daily Nation]] | url=https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/showbiz/The-truth-about-the-Diamond-Zari-and-Ivans-relationship/1950810-3943428-uf7ltjz/index.html |title=The truth about Diamond, Zari and Ivan's relationship |access-date=20 February 2018 |date=26 May 2017 |last=Matiko |first=Thomas |location=Nairobi}}</ref> A cikin watan Mayu 2017, Semwanga ya sami bugun jini mai yawa kuma an shigar da shi Asibitin Ilimi na Steve Biko.<ref name="Four">{{cite web |access-date=20 February 2018 |url=http://matookerepublic.com/2017/05/16/zari-in-hospital-taking-care-of-ex-hubby-ivan-ssemwanga-who-is-in-critical-condition/ |title=Zari in hospital, Juju her ex-hubby Ivan Ssemwanga who is in critical condition |date=16 May 2016 |first=William |last=Kasoba |publisher=Matookerepublic.om |archive-date=19 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519073023/http://matookerepublic.com/2017/05/16/zari-in-hospital-taking-care-of-ex-hubby-ivan-ssemwanga-who-is-in-critical-condition/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya rasu a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2017. An binne shi a Uganda.<ref name="Ten">{{cite web|date=31 May 2017 |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Hundreds-bid-farewell-to-Rich-Gang-s-Semwanga/688334-3948724-f3iuv6z/index.html |title=Hundreds bid farewell to Rich Gang's Semwanga |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] | location=Kampala |author=Derrick Wandera, Isaac Ssejjombwe & Lawrence Ogwal |access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref> Bayan jana'izar, Zari Hassan ta koma Afirka ta Kudu don gudanar da harkokin kasuwancinta da wasu sana'o'in mijinta da ya rasu. Tana da 'ya'ya biyu tare da mai zane na [[Tanzaniya]] Diamond Platnumz.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/zari-hassan-finally-divorces-diamond-platinumz-valentines-day/|title=Zari Hassan finally divorces Diamond Platnumz... on Valentine's Day|last=Musungu|first=Nahashon|date=2018-02-15|work=Nairobi News|access-date=2018-04-05|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406102804/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/zari-hassan-finally-divorces-diamond-platinumz-valentines-day/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Aswani 2018">{{cite web |last=Aswani |first=Nixon |title=Diamond Platnumz biography: facts you didn't know about the king of Wasafi |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news. |date=2018-02-21 |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/266426-diamond-platnumz-biography-facts-didnt-king-wasafi.html |access-date=2018-11-19}}</ref><ref name="Mbuthia 2018">{{cite web | last=Mbuthia | first=Geoffrey | title=Diamond denies rumours that Prince Nillan is not his son | website=Mpasho News | date=2018-05-11 | url=https://mpasho.co.ke/diamond-denies-rumours-nillan-son/ | access-date=2018-11-19 | archive-date=2018-11-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095415/https://mpasho.co.ke/diamond-denies-rumours-nillan-son/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.campustimesug.com/who-zarinah-hassan-has-dated-before/ Who Zarinah Hassan has dated before.] * [https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00073583.html Zari Reveals Why Diamond Is Back in Her Life] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDGcG2K3u6o Video of "Oli Wange" by Zari Hassan] == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1978]] id5v1b06d92mpce2uo909bk7pn4d6n1 0 54458 823808 577236 2026-04-21T19:17:03Z Usmanmaifada 20279 823808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] '''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo;<ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref> An haife shi Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi. Shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a ƙarni na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a. An haife shi a Beirut, Lebanon kuma ya girma a [[Toronto]], Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin talabijin na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed ​​(1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003). Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023). Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel. == Kuruciya == An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref>. Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref>]Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa, <ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa ​​da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney, <ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]], inda ta auri Paul Aaron, darektan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da ''Etobicoke School of Arts'', inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da ''dyslexia'' kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin ''De La Salle'', ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗaukar shi a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar ''De La Salle College'', ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> == Sana'a == '''1984-1990: Aikin farko''' A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin ''Brad Fraser'' ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin ''"K. C."'' ko "''Casey''" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref> Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da ''NBC's Babes'' a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da ''Brotherhood of Justice''. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin ''Peter'' ''Markle's Youngblood'' (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "''natural and credible''", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Tune in Tomorrow''. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na ''Rush Rush'' wanda ya ƙunshi wani ''Rebel'' ''Without a Cause'' motif, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> '''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka''' A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'', mabiyi ga ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'', tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na ''sub-moronic'' [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara ''snickering'' duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manyan Haɗin gwiwa tare da ''River Phoenix'' a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada ''My Own Private Idaho'', Taurarin sun fara tafiyar suce ta gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan ''Shakespeare's Henry IV'', Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ''My Own Private Idaho'' ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin " "''a postmodern road'' ''movie with a mood of'' f''ree-floating, trance-like despair ... a rich, audacious experience''". ''The New York Times'' complimented Reeves ''and Phoenix''"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ''MTV Movie Awards'' na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Namiji Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga ''guitar bass''. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin ''Stoker's 1897 Dracula''. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi na ya yi daidai, ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa. Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin ''Much Ado About Nothing'', bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da ''Cowgirls Get the Blues'' da ''Little'' ''Buddha'', dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.<ref>"Little Buddha (1994)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 6, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ''Little Buddha'' sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan ''Speed'' ​​(1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed ​​shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na ''Point Break''.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves ''River Phoenix'' (kuma abokin aikina a ''My Own Private Idaho'') ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki ''Speed'' ​​​​a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. ''Gene Siskel'' na ''Chicago Tribune'' ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "Mai cikakkiyan kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita ''Speed'' ​​kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta ''blockbuster'' wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta ''Academy'' guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> '''1995–1998: Canjin aiki''' Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 ''cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic'', wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba ''Theatre Cente''r na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar ''Sunday Times Roger'' Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>. Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed ​​2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa ''Fox Century'' na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref> Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>.. '''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo''' A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> '''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta''' n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.<ref>Kermode, Mark (June 25, 2006). "The Lake House". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Kern, Laura (November 3, 2006). "A Straightforward Look at Our Changing World". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.<ref>"Street Kings". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”<ref>Byrnes, Paul (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"<ref>Bradshaw, Peter (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.<ref>WELT (January 22, 2009). "2009 Razzies : Golden Raspberry Awards list of nominees". ''Die Welt''. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".<ref>Robey, Tim (December 11, 2008). "The Day the Earth Stood Still and Dean Spanley – review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.<ref>"The Private Lives of Pippa Lee". ''Film file''. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"<ref>Gritten, David (September 7, 2009). "The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.<ref>"Henry's Crime". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.<ref>Hassan, Genevieve (June 22, 2011). "Keanu Reeves' Ode to Happiness". ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.<ref>Scott, A. O. (August 30, 2012). "Finding Drama in Newfangled Filmmaking". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.<ref>"Generation Um... (2013)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, <ref>Davidson, Mike (May 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves makes director debut with modern Kung Fu film". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi (2013)". ''Kung-fu Kingdom''. April 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”<ref>McGinn, David (May 11, 2018). "Man of Tai Chi: Keanu Reeves's martial-arts flick lacks punch". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba. '''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick''' Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na ''John Wick'' ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.<ref>"Keanu Reeves plays hitman in 'John Wick' – Surprises with unexpected use of artillery in action scenes". ''Inquirer Movies''. December 19, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.<ref>Kilday, Gregg (October 14, 2014). "Bridget Moynahan Joins Keanu Reeves Thriller 'John Wick'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.<ref>Lowe, Justin (October 22, 2014). "'John Wick': Film Review". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".<ref>Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 23, 2014). "Pet's Slaughter Uncorks a Latent Inner Assassin". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.<ref>"John Wick". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, ''Knock Knock'' (2015), sake yin ''Death Game'' (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.<ref>Howell, Peter (October 8, 2015). "Reel Brief: Mini reviews of 99 Homes, Knock Knock, The Forbidden Room, Labyrinth of Lies, This Changes Everything". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.<ref>Leydon, Joe (June 1, 2015). "Film Review: 'Deep Web'". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.<ref>"Exposed (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 27, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa<ref>"Keanu (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on July 28, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).<ref>Bray, Catherine (May 18, 2019). "The Neon Demon review | Sight & Sound". ''British Film Institute''. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ''The Bad Batch''<ref>Pulver, Andrew (September 6, 2016). "The Bad Batch review: Keanu Reeves and Jim Carrey thrive in cannibal apocalypse". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".<ref>Murray, Noel (October 19, 2016). "An A-list cast and crew make a C+ courtroom drama with The Whole Truth". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.<ref>Greene, Steve (August 10, 2017). "'Swedish Dicks' Review: Keanu Reeves is a Rare Highlight in a Detective Series Too Goofy for its Own Good". ''IndieWire''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 2". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).<ref>Hewitt, Chris (February 6, 2017). "John Wick: Chapter Two". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".<ref>Chang, Justin (February 9, 2017). "Review: Keanu Reeves knows gun-fu in the thrillingly disciplined 'John Wick: Chapter 2'". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017<ref>"2017 Sundance Film Festival: Competition And Next Lineup Announced". ''www.sundance.org''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.<ref>Leszkiewicz, Anna (July 10, 2017). "Don't watch Netflix's To The Bone". ''www.newstatesman.com''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.<ref>Roeper, Richard (September 23, 2018). "'A Happening of Monumental Proportions' wastes a deep cast of stars". ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 ''comedy Destination Wedding'', game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.<ref>Lowe, Justin (July 13, 2018). "'Siberia': Film Review | Hollywood Reporter". ''www.hollywoodreporter.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"<ref name=":3">Dowd, A.A. (January 11, 2019). "The Keanu Reeves sci-fi movie Replicas is so terrible it could give you an existential crisis". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.<ref name=":3" /><ref>"Replicas". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.<ref>Hertz, Barry (May 16, 2019). "Review: Tick tock, time to coldclock: Why John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum is the Swiss luxury watch of action cinema". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"<ref>Clarke, Cath (May 16, 2019). "John Wick: Chapter 3: Parabellum review – franchise bloat for Keanu Reeves' hitman". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref>. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.<ref>"2019 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees on People's Choice Awards | E! News UK". ''E! News''. November 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (June 12, 2019). "How Keanu Reeves Ended Up in 'Toy Story 4' as Duke Caboom". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (June 4, 2018). "There's a Keanu Reeves film festival happening in Glasgow". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref>A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (March 13, 2019). "Film fans rejoice as Keanu Reeves film festival set to go ahead next month". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.<ref>"Ali Wong Assures Keanu Reeves Is a 'Sweet, Professional Guy' — Not Jerk from Always Be My Maybe". ''Peoplemag''. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.</ref>A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.<ref>Rodrigues, Leonardo (August 31, 2019). "Conquest: Tudo o que sabemos sobre a série que Keany Reeves está rodando em SP" [Conquest: Everything we know about the series filmed by Keanu Reeves in São Paulo]. ''Uol'' (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.</ref> Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.<ref>Carreyrou, John (November 22, 2023). "The Strange $55 Million Saga of a Netflix Series You'll Never See". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2023.</ref> A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.<ref>Greene, Andy (August 18, 2020). "Inside the Long, Strange Trip of 'Bill & Ted'". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.<ref>Lawrence, Derek (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted 3' is officially happening". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"<ref>Kramer, Gary M. (August 28, 2020). "The latest "Bill & Ted" adventure is more bogus than excellent, despite some chuckles". ''Salon''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.<ref>Greenblatt, Leah (August 27, 2020). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is delightfully dumb". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.<ref>Lewis, Evan (June 12, 2019). "Keanu Reeves on Cyberpunk 2077, getting into gaming, John Wick, and more". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.<ref>Holson, Laura M. (August 21, 2019). "'The Matrix' Gets a Fourth Movie, and Keanu Reeves Is Back". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "''no game-changer''".<ref>Aspinall, Jeremy. "The Matrix Resurrections (2021)". ''Radio Times''. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</ref> '''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick''' John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa <ref>Greenblatt, Leah (March 13, 2023). "Something Wick-ed this way comes in ''John Wick: Chapter 4''". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref>. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.<ref>Motamayor, Raphael (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick: Chapter 4' Review: The Best Action Blockbuster Since 'Fury Road'". ''IndieWire''. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</ref> Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada ''Cyberpunk 2077'', ''Phanthom Liberty''.<ref>Egan, Toussaint (September 7, 2022). "Phantom Liberty is the 'only planned expansion' for Cyberpunk 2077". ''Polygon''. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.</ref> Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta, aka buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.<ref>Reeves, Keanu; Kindt, Matt (October 10, 2023). ''BRZRKR Vol. 3''. BOOM! Studios. ISBN <bdi>978-1-68415-712-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, a fitowar farko, sayarwar da ta kasance #1 tun Star a cikin 2015.<ref>Johnston, Rich (February 4, 2021). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR #1 Sells Over 615,000 Copies To Comic Stores". ''Bleeding Cool News And Rumors''. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</ref> Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman ''jam sessions'' a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama me suna, ''Somewhere Between the Power Lines and Palm Trees'' (2023). Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na ''BottleRock Napa Valley'', <ref>Vaziri, Aidin (May 28, 2023). "Keanu Reeves shakes off nerves at BottleRock for Dogstar's first concert in more than 20 years". ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</ref> Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.<ref>Al-Sardar, Ali. "Dogstar 2023 Tour Dates, Concerts & Tickets". ''Rock Informer''. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</ref> A watan Yuli, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines'', mai suna ''Poetry of Madness''..<ref>"BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness - Exclusive Preview of the Prequel Story". ''IGN''. July 21, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na ''Ride with Norman Reedus'' (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".<ref>Ricci, Kimberley (September 7, 2023). "Look At How Happy Keanu Reeves Looks In New 'Ride With Norman Reedus' Footage". ''Uproxx''. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</ref> ''CinemaBlend's'' Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."<ref>Venable, Nick (October 23, 2023). "These Videos Of Keanu Reeves And Norman Reedus Hanging Out Can Instantly Put Me In A Good Mood". ''CinemaBlend''. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don ''Hulu da Disney +''.<ref>"Disney+ F1 documentary: Brawn release date, cast and history". ''Autosport''. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</ref> Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". <ref>Seale, Jack (November 15, 2023). "Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story review – Keanu Reeves is adorable". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</ref> A karshen wannan watan, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines series'', mai suna ''Fallen Empire''.<ref>"BRZRKR: Keanu Reeves' Immortal Warrior Returns in Fallen Empire". ''IGN''. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, ''Netflix'' ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon da suke mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.<ref>John, Carreyrou (May 31, 2024). "Netflix Wins $8.8 Million in Fight Over Planned TV Series". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.<ref>Robinson, KiMi (June 4, 2024). "Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar announces summer 2024 tour for their first album in 20 years". ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin ''The Book of Elsewhere'', wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.<ref>"Get a First Look at BRZRKR: A Faceful Of Bullets #1". ''Graphic Policy''. June 28, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref> Wani BRZRKR ''Bloodlines spin-off,'' mai suna ''The Lost Book of B'' wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.<ref>Schedeen, Jesse (May 23, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Returns to BRZRKR in The Lost Book of B". ''IGN''. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref>Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin ''Ancient Apocalypse'' akan ''Netflix,'' inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa ​​game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.<ref>Goldbart, Max (September 18, 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved September 18, 2024.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Armored Core'' na jerin ''anthology series'' ''Secret Level'' .<ref>Coleman, Jack (October 14, 2024). "Secret Level Trailer Leaks, Revealing Main Cast". ''TheGamer''. Valnet. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na ''Shadow Generations'' (2024).<ref>Stedman, Alex (September 24, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Will Headline an Upcoming Sonic x Shadow Generations DLC - State of Play". ''IGN''. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</ref> '''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa''' Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na ''Shadow'' ''the Hedgehog'' a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the'' ''Hedgehog 3'', wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.<ref>Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (April 15, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Joins 'Sonic 3' as Shadow". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, ''Good Fortune''.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (April 18, 2023). "Seth Rogen, Keanu Reeves to Star in Aziz Ansari Movie 'Good Fortune'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</ref> Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill a kan ''Apple TV+''.<ref>Prasad, Sumith (January 26, 2024). "Jonah Hill's Outcome Starring Keanu Reeves Begins Filming in LA in March". ''The CinemaHolic''. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.</ref> A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 From ''The World of John Wick: Ballerina'', an saita Reeves don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon mallakar Faransa.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 21, 2024). "'Ballerina' Dances Into Summer 2025 As 'The Crow' Swoops Into John Wick Spinoff's June 2024 Date". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.</ref> An tsara Reeves ya zamo tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.<ref>Wiseman, Andreas (May 14, 2024). "Kirsten Dunst & Daniel Brühl Join Keanu Reeves In Ruben Östlund's ''The Entertainment System Is Down''; Director Buys Boeing 747 For Movie — Cannes Market Hot Project". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.<ref>Grobar, Matt (March 28, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Teaming With Fisher Stevens To Produce Doc On Kickboxer Benny "The Jet" Urquidez". ''Deadline''. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na ''Waiting for Godot'' wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.<ref>Lee, Benjamin (August 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves to make Broadway debut opposite Bill & Ted co-star Alex Winter". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved August 1, 2024.</ref> Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.<ref>Oddo, Marco Vito (October 4, 2022). "Keanu Reeves May Direct Movie Adaptation Of His Own Comic 'BRZRKR' [Exclusive]". ''Collider''. Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</ref> Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan ''Netflix'' kuma wanda ''Production I.G'' ya shirya.<ref>Loo, Egan (July 22, 2022). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Series Animated by Production I.G With 2 Seasons Planned". ''Anime News Network''. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.</ref> Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, <ref>McNary, Dave (August 6, 2020). "'John Wick 5,' New 'Dirty Dancing' Movie With Jennifer Grey Officially in the Works at Lionsgate". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</ref> amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan ''"Rest for the time being''".<ref>O'Connell, Mikey (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick' Filmmaker Chad Stahelski Talks Sequels, Oscar Stunt Snubs and Why Guns Still Show Up on Sets". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref> Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.<ref>Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2024). "'John Wick 4' Sequel Series From Keanu Reeves & Chad Stahelski Heats Up TV Marketplace". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar shi ta sirri == A cikin 1998, Reeves ya hadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka gudanar don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.<ref>Taylor, Trey (September 20, 2018). "Hollyweird: The Strange, Tragic Death of Jennifer Syme". ''Paper''. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta, inda jaririn da aka haifa bezo da rayuwa ba. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu sanadiyar motarta ta, da ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles<ref>Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref>. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.<ref name=":4">Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya kasance wanda ya ɗauki nauyin janazar Syme, <ref name=":4" /> wadda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.<ref>Daly, Sean (April 23, 2001). "Keanu Grieves for His Soul Mate, Jennifer". ''US Weekly''. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021.</ref> An tsara shi da ya yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa ''The Matrix'' a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ya kasance ubangida ne,<ref>Purcell, Andrew (November 2, 2014). "Keanu Reeves, John Wick's zen master with a gift for violence". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020. <q>Red carpet: Reeves with Brenda Davis, a filmmaker and friend.</q></ref> da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.<ref>Morris, Bob (December 20, 2011). "China Chow, With a Look of Her Own Making". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.<ref>Sharf, Zack (September 3, 2024). "Winona Ryder and Keanu Reeves Call Each Other Husband and Wife in Text Messages After Maybe Getting Married for Real on 'Dracula' Set". ''Variety''. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2009, Reeves ya hadu da Alexandra Grant a wani cin abincin dare; inda suka ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare<ref>Rose, Steve (June 15, 2011). "How Keanu Reeves cheered up". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>. Sun sanar da jama'a alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.<ref>Hills, Megan (June 24, 2020). "Who is Keanu Reeves' girlfriend Alexandra Grant?". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne ''"personal and private''"<ref>Wilson, Staci Layne (February 14, 2005). "Interview with Constantine actor, Keanu Reeves". ''horror.com''. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019.</ref>. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”<ref>Stern, Marlow (September 13, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on 'Man of Tai Chi,' 'Bill & Ted' & 'Point Break'". ''The Daily Beast''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din ''Little Buddha''.<ref name=":5">"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."<ref name=":5" />. A cikin 2023, an radawa, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, suna, ''lipopeptide keanumycin'' domin girmama Reeves.<ref>"Scientists name fungus-killing substance after 'John Wick' star Keanu Reeves". ''KOMO''. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</ref> A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan ''Race 1'' da 24th akan ''Race 2'' a Titin Motar Indianapolis.<ref>Rosenbloom, Alli (October 6, 2024). "Keanu Reeves makes professional auto racing debut at Indianapolis Motor Speedway". CNN. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.</ref> == Takaddama == A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "''Pull My Daisy''" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.<ref>"Keanu Reeves performs "Pull My Daisy" on the 35th Annual Tibet House Benefit Concert March 3, 2022". ''youtube.com''. Tibet House US. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.</ref> An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.<ref>Davis, Rebecca (March 24, 2022). "China streamers scrub Keanu Reeves titles over his support for Tibet". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref><ref>Sharf, Zack (March 24, 2022). "Keanu Reeves Movies Reportedly Pulled Off Streaming Platforms in China Over His Tibet Support". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> == A cikin kafafen yada labarai == A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun ''introvert'' na Hollywood".<ref name=":6">Grossman, Lev (February 14, 2005). "Keanu Reeves: The Man Who Isn't There". ''Time''. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa da "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”<ref name=":7">Finke, Nikki (October 25, 2012). "Keanu Reeves And Longtime Manager Erwin Stoff Hit Bumpy Road: Actor Almost Left 3 Arts But Instead Others There Repping Him". ''Deadline''. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Erwin Stoff na ''3 Arts Entertainment'' ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan shi tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawan alheri,."<ref>Clark, Meredith (March 16, 2023). "Keanu Reeves reacts to being declared the internet's boyfriend". ''The Independent''. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin ''Good Fortune'', ya yi ba'a cewa "''actually is an angel''", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba <ref>Mangalindan, JP (May 15, 2024). "Shogun's Hiroyuki Sanada Says John Wick Costar Keanu Reeves Is 'Hard on Himself' but 'Very Kind to Others'". ''People''. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" <ref>Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). "Help Cheer Up Keanu Reeves". ''Time''. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”<ref>"Keanu Reeves on Sad Keanu: "I Was Hungry!"". ''W Magazine''. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</ref> Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da ''"Internet's Boyfriend''".<ref>Lang, Cady (July 19, 2019). "Why Keanu Reeves Has Always Been the Internet's Soul Mate". ''Time''. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.<ref>Romano, Aja (August 16, 2019). "Keanu Reeves, explained". ''Vox''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.</ref> Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", <ref>Flatau, Seth (July 13, 2023). "10 Keanu Reeves Stories That Prove He's The Nicest Guy In Hollywood". ''Screen Rant''. Valnet Inc. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin",<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".<ref>Palma, Bethania (June 30, 2021). "Does Pic Show Keanu Eating Ice Cream at a Movie Theater?". ''Snopes''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> == Lambobin karramawa == Reeves ya shahara a tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi samun yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin Rubutun ''Tomatoes'', sun haɗa da: ''River's Edge'' (1987), ''Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), ''Much Ado About Nothing'' (1993), ''Speed'' ​​(1994), ''The Matrix'' (1999), ''John Wick'' (2014), ''John Wick'': Babi na 2 (2017), ''John Wick:'' Babi na 3 - ''Parabellum'' (2019), da ''Toy'' ''Story 4'' (2019).<ref>"Keanu Reeves – Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da a taka a cikin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's ''Most Sexiest Man Alive''.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar ''Tae Kwon'' ''Do Life'' ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin ''"# 1 Martial Arts star in the world"'' bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, ''TV, Comics'', da Littattafai a San Diego ''Comic-Con''.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] ojeaiwyn8hulbeaqz3ue591d3fgicj0 823809 823808 2026-04-21T19:17:33Z Usmanmaifada 20279 A watan 823809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] '''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo;<ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref> An haife shi a watan Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi. Shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a ƙarni na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a. An haife shi a Beirut, Lebanon kuma ya girma a [[Toronto]], Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin talabijin na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed ​​(1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003). Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023). Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel. == Kuruciya == An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref>. Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref>]Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa, <ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa ​​da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney, <ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]], inda ta auri Paul Aaron, darektan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da ''Etobicoke School of Arts'', inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da ''dyslexia'' kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin ''De La Salle'', ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗaukar shi a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar ''De La Salle College'', ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> == Sana'a == '''1984-1990: Aikin farko''' A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin ''Brad Fraser'' ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin ''"K. C."'' ko "''Casey''" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref> Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da ''NBC's Babes'' a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da ''Brotherhood of Justice''. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin ''Peter'' ''Markle's Youngblood'' (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "''natural and credible''", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Tune in Tomorrow''. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na ''Rush Rush'' wanda ya ƙunshi wani ''Rebel'' ''Without a Cause'' motif, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> '''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka''' A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'', mabiyi ga ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'', tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na ''sub-moronic'' [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara ''snickering'' duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manyan Haɗin gwiwa tare da ''River Phoenix'' a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada ''My Own Private Idaho'', Taurarin sun fara tafiyar suce ta gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan ''Shakespeare's Henry IV'', Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ''My Own Private Idaho'' ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin " "''a postmodern road'' ''movie with a mood of'' f''ree-floating, trance-like despair ... a rich, audacious experience''". ''The New York Times'' complimented Reeves ''and Phoenix''"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ''MTV Movie Awards'' na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Namiji Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga ''guitar bass''. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin ''Stoker's 1897 Dracula''. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi na ya yi daidai, ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa. Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin ''Much Ado About Nothing'', bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da ''Cowgirls Get the Blues'' da ''Little'' ''Buddha'', dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.<ref>"Little Buddha (1994)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 6, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ''Little Buddha'' sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan ''Speed'' ​​(1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed ​​shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na ''Point Break''.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves ''River Phoenix'' (kuma abokin aikina a ''My Own Private Idaho'') ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki ''Speed'' ​​​​a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. ''Gene Siskel'' na ''Chicago Tribune'' ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "Mai cikakkiyan kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita ''Speed'' ​​kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta ''blockbuster'' wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta ''Academy'' guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> '''1995–1998: Canjin aiki''' Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 ''cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic'', wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba ''Theatre Cente''r na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar ''Sunday Times Roger'' Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>. Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed ​​2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa ''Fox Century'' na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref> Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>.. '''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo''' A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> '''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta''' n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.<ref>Kermode, Mark (June 25, 2006). "The Lake House". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Kern, Laura (November 3, 2006). "A Straightforward Look at Our Changing World". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.<ref>"Street Kings". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”<ref>Byrnes, Paul (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"<ref>Bradshaw, Peter (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.<ref>WELT (January 22, 2009). "2009 Razzies : Golden Raspberry Awards list of nominees". ''Die Welt''. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".<ref>Robey, Tim (December 11, 2008). "The Day the Earth Stood Still and Dean Spanley – review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.<ref>"The Private Lives of Pippa Lee". ''Film file''. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"<ref>Gritten, David (September 7, 2009). "The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.<ref>"Henry's Crime". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.<ref>Hassan, Genevieve (June 22, 2011). "Keanu Reeves' Ode to Happiness". ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.<ref>Scott, A. O. (August 30, 2012). "Finding Drama in Newfangled Filmmaking". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.<ref>"Generation Um... (2013)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, <ref>Davidson, Mike (May 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves makes director debut with modern Kung Fu film". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi (2013)". ''Kung-fu Kingdom''. April 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”<ref>McGinn, David (May 11, 2018). "Man of Tai Chi: Keanu Reeves's martial-arts flick lacks punch". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba. '''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick''' Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na ''John Wick'' ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.<ref>"Keanu Reeves plays hitman in 'John Wick' – Surprises with unexpected use of artillery in action scenes". ''Inquirer Movies''. December 19, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.<ref>Kilday, Gregg (October 14, 2014). "Bridget Moynahan Joins Keanu Reeves Thriller 'John Wick'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.<ref>Lowe, Justin (October 22, 2014). "'John Wick': Film Review". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".<ref>Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 23, 2014). "Pet's Slaughter Uncorks a Latent Inner Assassin". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.<ref>"John Wick". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, ''Knock Knock'' (2015), sake yin ''Death Game'' (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.<ref>Howell, Peter (October 8, 2015). "Reel Brief: Mini reviews of 99 Homes, Knock Knock, The Forbidden Room, Labyrinth of Lies, This Changes Everything". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.<ref>Leydon, Joe (June 1, 2015). "Film Review: 'Deep Web'". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.<ref>"Exposed (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 27, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa<ref>"Keanu (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on July 28, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).<ref>Bray, Catherine (May 18, 2019). "The Neon Demon review | Sight & Sound". ''British Film Institute''. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ''The Bad Batch''<ref>Pulver, Andrew (September 6, 2016). "The Bad Batch review: Keanu Reeves and Jim Carrey thrive in cannibal apocalypse". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".<ref>Murray, Noel (October 19, 2016). "An A-list cast and crew make a C+ courtroom drama with The Whole Truth". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.<ref>Greene, Steve (August 10, 2017). "'Swedish Dicks' Review: Keanu Reeves is a Rare Highlight in a Detective Series Too Goofy for its Own Good". ''IndieWire''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 2". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).<ref>Hewitt, Chris (February 6, 2017). "John Wick: Chapter Two". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".<ref>Chang, Justin (February 9, 2017). "Review: Keanu Reeves knows gun-fu in the thrillingly disciplined 'John Wick: Chapter 2'". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017<ref>"2017 Sundance Film Festival: Competition And Next Lineup Announced". ''www.sundance.org''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.<ref>Leszkiewicz, Anna (July 10, 2017). "Don't watch Netflix's To The Bone". ''www.newstatesman.com''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.<ref>Roeper, Richard (September 23, 2018). "'A Happening of Monumental Proportions' wastes a deep cast of stars". ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 ''comedy Destination Wedding'', game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.<ref>Lowe, Justin (July 13, 2018). "'Siberia': Film Review | Hollywood Reporter". ''www.hollywoodreporter.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"<ref name=":3">Dowd, A.A. (January 11, 2019). "The Keanu Reeves sci-fi movie Replicas is so terrible it could give you an existential crisis". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.<ref name=":3" /><ref>"Replicas". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.<ref>Hertz, Barry (May 16, 2019). "Review: Tick tock, time to coldclock: Why John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum is the Swiss luxury watch of action cinema". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"<ref>Clarke, Cath (May 16, 2019). "John Wick: Chapter 3: Parabellum review – franchise bloat for Keanu Reeves' hitman". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref>. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.<ref>"2019 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees on People's Choice Awards | E! News UK". ''E! News''. November 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (June 12, 2019). "How Keanu Reeves Ended Up in 'Toy Story 4' as Duke Caboom". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (June 4, 2018). "There's a Keanu Reeves film festival happening in Glasgow". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref>A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (March 13, 2019). "Film fans rejoice as Keanu Reeves film festival set to go ahead next month". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.<ref>"Ali Wong Assures Keanu Reeves Is a 'Sweet, Professional Guy' — Not Jerk from Always Be My Maybe". ''Peoplemag''. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.</ref>A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.<ref>Rodrigues, Leonardo (August 31, 2019). "Conquest: Tudo o que sabemos sobre a série que Keany Reeves está rodando em SP" [Conquest: Everything we know about the series filmed by Keanu Reeves in São Paulo]. ''Uol'' (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.</ref> Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.<ref>Carreyrou, John (November 22, 2023). "The Strange $55 Million Saga of a Netflix Series You'll Never See". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2023.</ref> A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.<ref>Greene, Andy (August 18, 2020). "Inside the Long, Strange Trip of 'Bill & Ted'". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.<ref>Lawrence, Derek (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted 3' is officially happening". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"<ref>Kramer, Gary M. (August 28, 2020). "The latest "Bill & Ted" adventure is more bogus than excellent, despite some chuckles". ''Salon''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.<ref>Greenblatt, Leah (August 27, 2020). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is delightfully dumb". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.<ref>Lewis, Evan (June 12, 2019). "Keanu Reeves on Cyberpunk 2077, getting into gaming, John Wick, and more". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.<ref>Holson, Laura M. (August 21, 2019). "'The Matrix' Gets a Fourth Movie, and Keanu Reeves Is Back". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "''no game-changer''".<ref>Aspinall, Jeremy. "The Matrix Resurrections (2021)". ''Radio Times''. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</ref> '''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick''' John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa <ref>Greenblatt, Leah (March 13, 2023). "Something Wick-ed this way comes in ''John Wick: Chapter 4''". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref>. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.<ref>Motamayor, Raphael (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick: Chapter 4' Review: The Best Action Blockbuster Since 'Fury Road'". ''IndieWire''. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</ref> Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada ''Cyberpunk 2077'', ''Phanthom Liberty''.<ref>Egan, Toussaint (September 7, 2022). "Phantom Liberty is the 'only planned expansion' for Cyberpunk 2077". ''Polygon''. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.</ref> Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta, aka buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.<ref>Reeves, Keanu; Kindt, Matt (October 10, 2023). ''BRZRKR Vol. 3''. BOOM! Studios. ISBN <bdi>978-1-68415-712-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, a fitowar farko, sayarwar da ta kasance #1 tun Star a cikin 2015.<ref>Johnston, Rich (February 4, 2021). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR #1 Sells Over 615,000 Copies To Comic Stores". ''Bleeding Cool News And Rumors''. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</ref> Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman ''jam sessions'' a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama me suna, ''Somewhere Between the Power Lines and Palm Trees'' (2023). Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na ''BottleRock Napa Valley'', <ref>Vaziri, Aidin (May 28, 2023). "Keanu Reeves shakes off nerves at BottleRock for Dogstar's first concert in more than 20 years". ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</ref> Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.<ref>Al-Sardar, Ali. "Dogstar 2023 Tour Dates, Concerts & Tickets". ''Rock Informer''. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</ref> A watan Yuli, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines'', mai suna ''Poetry of Madness''..<ref>"BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness - Exclusive Preview of the Prequel Story". ''IGN''. July 21, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na ''Ride with Norman Reedus'' (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".<ref>Ricci, Kimberley (September 7, 2023). "Look At How Happy Keanu Reeves Looks In New 'Ride With Norman Reedus' Footage". ''Uproxx''. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</ref> ''CinemaBlend's'' Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."<ref>Venable, Nick (October 23, 2023). "These Videos Of Keanu Reeves And Norman Reedus Hanging Out Can Instantly Put Me In A Good Mood". ''CinemaBlend''. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don ''Hulu da Disney +''.<ref>"Disney+ F1 documentary: Brawn release date, cast and history". ''Autosport''. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</ref> Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". <ref>Seale, Jack (November 15, 2023). "Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story review – Keanu Reeves is adorable". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</ref> A karshen wannan watan, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines series'', mai suna ''Fallen Empire''.<ref>"BRZRKR: Keanu Reeves' Immortal Warrior Returns in Fallen Empire". ''IGN''. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, ''Netflix'' ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon da suke mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.<ref>John, Carreyrou (May 31, 2024). "Netflix Wins $8.8 Million in Fight Over Planned TV Series". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.<ref>Robinson, KiMi (June 4, 2024). "Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar announces summer 2024 tour for their first album in 20 years". ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin ''The Book of Elsewhere'', wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.<ref>"Get a First Look at BRZRKR: A Faceful Of Bullets #1". ''Graphic Policy''. June 28, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref> Wani BRZRKR ''Bloodlines spin-off,'' mai suna ''The Lost Book of B'' wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.<ref>Schedeen, Jesse (May 23, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Returns to BRZRKR in The Lost Book of B". ''IGN''. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref>Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin ''Ancient Apocalypse'' akan ''Netflix,'' inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa ​​game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.<ref>Goldbart, Max (September 18, 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved September 18, 2024.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Armored Core'' na jerin ''anthology series'' ''Secret Level'' .<ref>Coleman, Jack (October 14, 2024). "Secret Level Trailer Leaks, Revealing Main Cast". ''TheGamer''. Valnet. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na ''Shadow Generations'' (2024).<ref>Stedman, Alex (September 24, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Will Headline an Upcoming Sonic x Shadow Generations DLC - State of Play". ''IGN''. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</ref> '''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa''' Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na ''Shadow'' ''the Hedgehog'' a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the'' ''Hedgehog 3'', wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.<ref>Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (April 15, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Joins 'Sonic 3' as Shadow". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, ''Good Fortune''.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (April 18, 2023). "Seth Rogen, Keanu Reeves to Star in Aziz Ansari Movie 'Good Fortune'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</ref> Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill a kan ''Apple TV+''.<ref>Prasad, Sumith (January 26, 2024). "Jonah Hill's Outcome Starring Keanu Reeves Begins Filming in LA in March". ''The CinemaHolic''. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.</ref> A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 From ''The World of John Wick: Ballerina'', an saita Reeves don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon mallakar Faransa.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 21, 2024). "'Ballerina' Dances Into Summer 2025 As 'The Crow' Swoops Into John Wick Spinoff's June 2024 Date". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.</ref> An tsara Reeves ya zamo tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.<ref>Wiseman, Andreas (May 14, 2024). "Kirsten Dunst & Daniel Brühl Join Keanu Reeves In Ruben Östlund's ''The Entertainment System Is Down''; Director Buys Boeing 747 For Movie — Cannes Market Hot Project". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.<ref>Grobar, Matt (March 28, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Teaming With Fisher Stevens To Produce Doc On Kickboxer Benny "The Jet" Urquidez". ''Deadline''. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na ''Waiting for Godot'' wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.<ref>Lee, Benjamin (August 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves to make Broadway debut opposite Bill & Ted co-star Alex Winter". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved August 1, 2024.</ref> Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.<ref>Oddo, Marco Vito (October 4, 2022). "Keanu Reeves May Direct Movie Adaptation Of His Own Comic 'BRZRKR' [Exclusive]". ''Collider''. Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</ref> Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan ''Netflix'' kuma wanda ''Production I.G'' ya shirya.<ref>Loo, Egan (July 22, 2022). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Series Animated by Production I.G With 2 Seasons Planned". ''Anime News Network''. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.</ref> Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, <ref>McNary, Dave (August 6, 2020). "'John Wick 5,' New 'Dirty Dancing' Movie With Jennifer Grey Officially in the Works at Lionsgate". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</ref> amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan ''"Rest for the time being''".<ref>O'Connell, Mikey (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick' Filmmaker Chad Stahelski Talks Sequels, Oscar Stunt Snubs and Why Guns Still Show Up on Sets". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref> Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.<ref>Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2024). "'John Wick 4' Sequel Series From Keanu Reeves & Chad Stahelski Heats Up TV Marketplace". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar shi ta sirri == A cikin 1998, Reeves ya hadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka gudanar don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.<ref>Taylor, Trey (September 20, 2018). "Hollyweird: The Strange, Tragic Death of Jennifer Syme". ''Paper''. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta, inda jaririn da aka haifa bezo da rayuwa ba. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu sanadiyar motarta ta, da ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles<ref>Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref>. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.<ref name=":4">Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya kasance wanda ya ɗauki nauyin janazar Syme, <ref name=":4" /> wadda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.<ref>Daly, Sean (April 23, 2001). "Keanu Grieves for His Soul Mate, Jennifer". ''US Weekly''. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021.</ref> An tsara shi da ya yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa ''The Matrix'' a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ya kasance ubangida ne,<ref>Purcell, Andrew (November 2, 2014). "Keanu Reeves, John Wick's zen master with a gift for violence". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020. <q>Red carpet: Reeves with Brenda Davis, a filmmaker and friend.</q></ref> da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.<ref>Morris, Bob (December 20, 2011). "China Chow, With a Look of Her Own Making". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.<ref>Sharf, Zack (September 3, 2024). "Winona Ryder and Keanu Reeves Call Each Other Husband and Wife in Text Messages After Maybe Getting Married for Real on 'Dracula' Set". ''Variety''. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2009, Reeves ya hadu da Alexandra Grant a wani cin abincin dare; inda suka ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare<ref>Rose, Steve (June 15, 2011). "How Keanu Reeves cheered up". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>. Sun sanar da jama'a alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.<ref>Hills, Megan (June 24, 2020). "Who is Keanu Reeves' girlfriend Alexandra Grant?". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne ''"personal and private''"<ref>Wilson, Staci Layne (February 14, 2005). "Interview with Constantine actor, Keanu Reeves". ''horror.com''. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019.</ref>. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”<ref>Stern, Marlow (September 13, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on 'Man of Tai Chi,' 'Bill & Ted' & 'Point Break'". ''The Daily Beast''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din ''Little Buddha''.<ref name=":5">"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."<ref name=":5" />. A cikin 2023, an radawa, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, suna, ''lipopeptide keanumycin'' domin girmama Reeves.<ref>"Scientists name fungus-killing substance after 'John Wick' star Keanu Reeves". ''KOMO''. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</ref> A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan ''Race 1'' da 24th akan ''Race 2'' a Titin Motar Indianapolis.<ref>Rosenbloom, Alli (October 6, 2024). "Keanu Reeves makes professional auto racing debut at Indianapolis Motor Speedway". CNN. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.</ref> == Takaddama == A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "''Pull My Daisy''" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.<ref>"Keanu Reeves performs "Pull My Daisy" on the 35th Annual Tibet House Benefit Concert March 3, 2022". ''youtube.com''. Tibet House US. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.</ref> An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.<ref>Davis, Rebecca (March 24, 2022). "China streamers scrub Keanu Reeves titles over his support for Tibet". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref><ref>Sharf, Zack (March 24, 2022). "Keanu Reeves Movies Reportedly Pulled Off Streaming Platforms in China Over His Tibet Support". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> == A cikin kafafen yada labarai == A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun ''introvert'' na Hollywood".<ref name=":6">Grossman, Lev (February 14, 2005). "Keanu Reeves: The Man Who Isn't There". ''Time''. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa da "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”<ref name=":7">Finke, Nikki (October 25, 2012). "Keanu Reeves And Longtime Manager Erwin Stoff Hit Bumpy Road: Actor Almost Left 3 Arts But Instead Others There Repping Him". ''Deadline''. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Erwin Stoff na ''3 Arts Entertainment'' ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan shi tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawan alheri,."<ref>Clark, Meredith (March 16, 2023). "Keanu Reeves reacts to being declared the internet's boyfriend". ''The Independent''. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin ''Good Fortune'', ya yi ba'a cewa "''actually is an angel''", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba <ref>Mangalindan, JP (May 15, 2024). "Shogun's Hiroyuki Sanada Says John Wick Costar Keanu Reeves Is 'Hard on Himself' but 'Very Kind to Others'". ''People''. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" <ref>Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). "Help Cheer Up Keanu Reeves". ''Time''. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”<ref>"Keanu Reeves on Sad Keanu: "I Was Hungry!"". ''W Magazine''. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</ref> Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da ''"Internet's Boyfriend''".<ref>Lang, Cady (July 19, 2019). "Why Keanu Reeves Has Always Been the Internet's Soul Mate". ''Time''. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.<ref>Romano, Aja (August 16, 2019). "Keanu Reeves, explained". ''Vox''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.</ref> Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", <ref>Flatau, Seth (July 13, 2023). "10 Keanu Reeves Stories That Prove He's The Nicest Guy In Hollywood". ''Screen Rant''. Valnet Inc. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin",<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".<ref>Palma, Bethania (June 30, 2021). "Does Pic Show Keanu Eating Ice Cream at a Movie Theater?". ''Snopes''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> == Lambobin karramawa == Reeves ya shahara a tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi samun yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin Rubutun ''Tomatoes'', sun haɗa da: ''River's Edge'' (1987), ''Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), ''Much Ado About Nothing'' (1993), ''Speed'' ​​(1994), ''The Matrix'' (1999), ''John Wick'' (2014), ''John Wick'': Babi na 2 (2017), ''John Wick:'' Babi na 3 - ''Parabellum'' (2019), da ''Toy'' ''Story 4'' (2019).<ref>"Keanu Reeves – Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da a taka a cikin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's ''Most Sexiest Man Alive''.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar ''Tae Kwon'' ''Do Life'' ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin ''"# 1 Martial Arts star in the world"'' bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, ''TV, Comics'', da Littattafai a San Diego ''Comic-Con''.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 24iv51k2n6cxk90ou40pgkmgulgn5gd 823810 823809 2026-04-21T19:18:57Z Usmanmaifada 20279 823810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] '''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo;<ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref> An haife shi a watan Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Ɗan Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi, shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a ƙarni na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a. An haife shi a Beirut, Lebanon kuma ya girma a [[Toronto]], Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin talabijin na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed ​​(1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003). Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023). Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel. == Kuruciya == An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref>. Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref>]Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa, <ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa ​​da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney, <ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]], inda ta auri Paul Aaron, darektan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da ''Etobicoke School of Arts'', inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da ''dyslexia'' kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin ''De La Salle'', ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗaukar shi a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar ''De La Salle College'', ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> == Sana'a == '''1984-1990: Aikin farko''' A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin ''Brad Fraser'' ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin ''"K. C."'' ko "''Casey''" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref> Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da ''NBC's Babes'' a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da ''Brotherhood of Justice''. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin ''Peter'' ''Markle's Youngblood'' (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "''natural and credible''", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Tune in Tomorrow''. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na ''Rush Rush'' wanda ya ƙunshi wani ''Rebel'' ''Without a Cause'' motif, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> '''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka''' A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'', mabiyi ga ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'', tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na ''sub-moronic'' [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara ''snickering'' duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manyan Haɗin gwiwa tare da ''River Phoenix'' a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada ''My Own Private Idaho'', Taurarin sun fara tafiyar suce ta gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan ''Shakespeare's Henry IV'', Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ''My Own Private Idaho'' ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin " "''a postmodern road'' ''movie with a mood of'' f''ree-floating, trance-like despair ... a rich, audacious experience''". ''The New York Times'' complimented Reeves ''and Phoenix''"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ''MTV Movie Awards'' na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Namiji Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga ''guitar bass''. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin ''Stoker's 1897 Dracula''. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi na ya yi daidai, ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa. Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin ''Much Ado About Nothing'', bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da ''Cowgirls Get the Blues'' da ''Little'' ''Buddha'', dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.<ref>"Little Buddha (1994)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 6, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ''Little Buddha'' sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan ''Speed'' ​​(1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed ​​shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na ''Point Break''.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves ''River Phoenix'' (kuma abokin aikina a ''My Own Private Idaho'') ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki ''Speed'' ​​​​a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. ''Gene Siskel'' na ''Chicago Tribune'' ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "Mai cikakkiyan kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita ''Speed'' ​​kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta ''blockbuster'' wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta ''Academy'' guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> '''1995–1998: Canjin aiki''' Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 ''cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic'', wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba ''Theatre Cente''r na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar ''Sunday Times Roger'' Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>. Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed ​​2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa ''Fox Century'' na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref> Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>.. '''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo''' A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> '''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta''' n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.<ref>Kermode, Mark (June 25, 2006). "The Lake House". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Kern, Laura (November 3, 2006). "A Straightforward Look at Our Changing World". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.<ref>"Street Kings". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”<ref>Byrnes, Paul (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"<ref>Bradshaw, Peter (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.<ref>WELT (January 22, 2009). "2009 Razzies : Golden Raspberry Awards list of nominees". ''Die Welt''. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".<ref>Robey, Tim (December 11, 2008). "The Day the Earth Stood Still and Dean Spanley – review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.<ref>"The Private Lives of Pippa Lee". ''Film file''. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"<ref>Gritten, David (September 7, 2009). "The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.<ref>"Henry's Crime". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.<ref>Hassan, Genevieve (June 22, 2011). "Keanu Reeves' Ode to Happiness". ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.<ref>Scott, A. O. (August 30, 2012). "Finding Drama in Newfangled Filmmaking". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.<ref>"Generation Um... (2013)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, <ref>Davidson, Mike (May 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves makes director debut with modern Kung Fu film". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi (2013)". ''Kung-fu Kingdom''. April 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”<ref>McGinn, David (May 11, 2018). "Man of Tai Chi: Keanu Reeves's martial-arts flick lacks punch". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba. '''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick''' Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na ''John Wick'' ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.<ref>"Keanu Reeves plays hitman in 'John Wick' – Surprises with unexpected use of artillery in action scenes". ''Inquirer Movies''. December 19, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.<ref>Kilday, Gregg (October 14, 2014). "Bridget Moynahan Joins Keanu Reeves Thriller 'John Wick'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.<ref>Lowe, Justin (October 22, 2014). "'John Wick': Film Review". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".<ref>Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 23, 2014). "Pet's Slaughter Uncorks a Latent Inner Assassin". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.<ref>"John Wick". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, ''Knock Knock'' (2015), sake yin ''Death Game'' (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.<ref>Howell, Peter (October 8, 2015). "Reel Brief: Mini reviews of 99 Homes, Knock Knock, The Forbidden Room, Labyrinth of Lies, This Changes Everything". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.<ref>Leydon, Joe (June 1, 2015). "Film Review: 'Deep Web'". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.<ref>"Exposed (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 27, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa<ref>"Keanu (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on July 28, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).<ref>Bray, Catherine (May 18, 2019). "The Neon Demon review | Sight & Sound". ''British Film Institute''. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ''The Bad Batch''<ref>Pulver, Andrew (September 6, 2016). "The Bad Batch review: Keanu Reeves and Jim Carrey thrive in cannibal apocalypse". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".<ref>Murray, Noel (October 19, 2016). "An A-list cast and crew make a C+ courtroom drama with The Whole Truth". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.<ref>Greene, Steve (August 10, 2017). "'Swedish Dicks' Review: Keanu Reeves is a Rare Highlight in a Detective Series Too Goofy for its Own Good". ''IndieWire''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 2". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).<ref>Hewitt, Chris (February 6, 2017). "John Wick: Chapter Two". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".<ref>Chang, Justin (February 9, 2017). "Review: Keanu Reeves knows gun-fu in the thrillingly disciplined 'John Wick: Chapter 2'". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017<ref>"2017 Sundance Film Festival: Competition And Next Lineup Announced". ''www.sundance.org''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.<ref>Leszkiewicz, Anna (July 10, 2017). "Don't watch Netflix's To The Bone". ''www.newstatesman.com''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.<ref>Roeper, Richard (September 23, 2018). "'A Happening of Monumental Proportions' wastes a deep cast of stars". ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 ''comedy Destination Wedding'', game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.<ref>Lowe, Justin (July 13, 2018). "'Siberia': Film Review | Hollywood Reporter". ''www.hollywoodreporter.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"<ref name=":3">Dowd, A.A. (January 11, 2019). "The Keanu Reeves sci-fi movie Replicas is so terrible it could give you an existential crisis". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.<ref name=":3" /><ref>"Replicas". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.<ref>Hertz, Barry (May 16, 2019). "Review: Tick tock, time to coldclock: Why John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum is the Swiss luxury watch of action cinema". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"<ref>Clarke, Cath (May 16, 2019). "John Wick: Chapter 3: Parabellum review – franchise bloat for Keanu Reeves' hitman". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref>. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.<ref>"2019 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees on People's Choice Awards | E! News UK". ''E! News''. November 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (June 12, 2019). "How Keanu Reeves Ended Up in 'Toy Story 4' as Duke Caboom". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (June 4, 2018). "There's a Keanu Reeves film festival happening in Glasgow". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref>A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (March 13, 2019). "Film fans rejoice as Keanu Reeves film festival set to go ahead next month". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.<ref>"Ali Wong Assures Keanu Reeves Is a 'Sweet, Professional Guy' — Not Jerk from Always Be My Maybe". ''Peoplemag''. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.</ref>A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.<ref>Rodrigues, Leonardo (August 31, 2019). "Conquest: Tudo o que sabemos sobre a série que Keany Reeves está rodando em SP" [Conquest: Everything we know about the series filmed by Keanu Reeves in São Paulo]. ''Uol'' (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.</ref> Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.<ref>Carreyrou, John (November 22, 2023). "The Strange $55 Million Saga of a Netflix Series You'll Never See". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2023.</ref> A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.<ref>Greene, Andy (August 18, 2020). "Inside the Long, Strange Trip of 'Bill & Ted'". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.<ref>Lawrence, Derek (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted 3' is officially happening". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"<ref>Kramer, Gary M. (August 28, 2020). "The latest "Bill & Ted" adventure is more bogus than excellent, despite some chuckles". ''Salon''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.<ref>Greenblatt, Leah (August 27, 2020). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is delightfully dumb". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.<ref>Lewis, Evan (June 12, 2019). "Keanu Reeves on Cyberpunk 2077, getting into gaming, John Wick, and more". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.<ref>Holson, Laura M. (August 21, 2019). "'The Matrix' Gets a Fourth Movie, and Keanu Reeves Is Back". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "''no game-changer''".<ref>Aspinall, Jeremy. "The Matrix Resurrections (2021)". ''Radio Times''. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</ref> '''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick''' John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa <ref>Greenblatt, Leah (March 13, 2023). "Something Wick-ed this way comes in ''John Wick: Chapter 4''". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref>. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.<ref>Motamayor, Raphael (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick: Chapter 4' Review: The Best Action Blockbuster Since 'Fury Road'". ''IndieWire''. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</ref> Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada ''Cyberpunk 2077'', ''Phanthom Liberty''.<ref>Egan, Toussaint (September 7, 2022). "Phantom Liberty is the 'only planned expansion' for Cyberpunk 2077". ''Polygon''. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.</ref> Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta, aka buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.<ref>Reeves, Keanu; Kindt, Matt (October 10, 2023). ''BRZRKR Vol. 3''. BOOM! Studios. ISBN <bdi>978-1-68415-712-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, a fitowar farko, sayarwar da ta kasance #1 tun Star a cikin 2015.<ref>Johnston, Rich (February 4, 2021). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR #1 Sells Over 615,000 Copies To Comic Stores". ''Bleeding Cool News And Rumors''. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</ref> Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman ''jam sessions'' a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama me suna, ''Somewhere Between the Power Lines and Palm Trees'' (2023). Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na ''BottleRock Napa Valley'', <ref>Vaziri, Aidin (May 28, 2023). "Keanu Reeves shakes off nerves at BottleRock for Dogstar's first concert in more than 20 years". ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</ref> Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.<ref>Al-Sardar, Ali. "Dogstar 2023 Tour Dates, Concerts & Tickets". ''Rock Informer''. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</ref> A watan Yuli, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines'', mai suna ''Poetry of Madness''..<ref>"BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness - Exclusive Preview of the Prequel Story". ''IGN''. July 21, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na ''Ride with Norman Reedus'' (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".<ref>Ricci, Kimberley (September 7, 2023). "Look At How Happy Keanu Reeves Looks In New 'Ride With Norman Reedus' Footage". ''Uproxx''. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</ref> ''CinemaBlend's'' Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."<ref>Venable, Nick (October 23, 2023). "These Videos Of Keanu Reeves And Norman Reedus Hanging Out Can Instantly Put Me In A Good Mood". ''CinemaBlend''. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don ''Hulu da Disney +''.<ref>"Disney+ F1 documentary: Brawn release date, cast and history". ''Autosport''. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</ref> Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". <ref>Seale, Jack (November 15, 2023). "Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story review – Keanu Reeves is adorable". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</ref> A karshen wannan watan, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines series'', mai suna ''Fallen Empire''.<ref>"BRZRKR: Keanu Reeves' Immortal Warrior Returns in Fallen Empire". ''IGN''. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, ''Netflix'' ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon da suke mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.<ref>John, Carreyrou (May 31, 2024). "Netflix Wins $8.8 Million in Fight Over Planned TV Series". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.<ref>Robinson, KiMi (June 4, 2024). "Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar announces summer 2024 tour for their first album in 20 years". ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin ''The Book of Elsewhere'', wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.<ref>"Get a First Look at BRZRKR: A Faceful Of Bullets #1". ''Graphic Policy''. June 28, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref> Wani BRZRKR ''Bloodlines spin-off,'' mai suna ''The Lost Book of B'' wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.<ref>Schedeen, Jesse (May 23, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Returns to BRZRKR in The Lost Book of B". ''IGN''. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref>Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin ''Ancient Apocalypse'' akan ''Netflix,'' inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa ​​game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.<ref>Goldbart, Max (September 18, 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved September 18, 2024.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Armored Core'' na jerin ''anthology series'' ''Secret Level'' .<ref>Coleman, Jack (October 14, 2024). "Secret Level Trailer Leaks, Revealing Main Cast". ''TheGamer''. Valnet. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na ''Shadow Generations'' (2024).<ref>Stedman, Alex (September 24, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Will Headline an Upcoming Sonic x Shadow Generations DLC - State of Play". ''IGN''. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</ref> '''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa''' Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na ''Shadow'' ''the Hedgehog'' a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the'' ''Hedgehog 3'', wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.<ref>Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (April 15, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Joins 'Sonic 3' as Shadow". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, ''Good Fortune''.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (April 18, 2023). "Seth Rogen, Keanu Reeves to Star in Aziz Ansari Movie 'Good Fortune'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</ref> Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill a kan ''Apple TV+''.<ref>Prasad, Sumith (January 26, 2024). "Jonah Hill's Outcome Starring Keanu Reeves Begins Filming in LA in March". ''The CinemaHolic''. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.</ref> A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 From ''The World of John Wick: Ballerina'', an saita Reeves don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon mallakar Faransa.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 21, 2024). "'Ballerina' Dances Into Summer 2025 As 'The Crow' Swoops Into John Wick Spinoff's June 2024 Date". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.</ref> An tsara Reeves ya zamo tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.<ref>Wiseman, Andreas (May 14, 2024). "Kirsten Dunst & Daniel Brühl Join Keanu Reeves In Ruben Östlund's ''The Entertainment System Is Down''; Director Buys Boeing 747 For Movie — Cannes Market Hot Project". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.<ref>Grobar, Matt (March 28, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Teaming With Fisher Stevens To Produce Doc On Kickboxer Benny "The Jet" Urquidez". ''Deadline''. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na ''Waiting for Godot'' wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.<ref>Lee, Benjamin (August 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves to make Broadway debut opposite Bill & Ted co-star Alex Winter". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved August 1, 2024.</ref> Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.<ref>Oddo, Marco Vito (October 4, 2022). "Keanu Reeves May Direct Movie Adaptation Of His Own Comic 'BRZRKR' [Exclusive]". ''Collider''. Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</ref> Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan ''Netflix'' kuma wanda ''Production I.G'' ya shirya.<ref>Loo, Egan (July 22, 2022). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Series Animated by Production I.G With 2 Seasons Planned". ''Anime News Network''. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.</ref> Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, <ref>McNary, Dave (August 6, 2020). "'John Wick 5,' New 'Dirty Dancing' Movie With Jennifer Grey Officially in the Works at Lionsgate". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</ref> amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan ''"Rest for the time being''".<ref>O'Connell, Mikey (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick' Filmmaker Chad Stahelski Talks Sequels, Oscar Stunt Snubs and Why Guns Still Show Up on Sets". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref> Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.<ref>Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2024). "'John Wick 4' Sequel Series From Keanu Reeves & Chad Stahelski Heats Up TV Marketplace". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar shi ta sirri == A cikin 1998, Reeves ya hadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka gudanar don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.<ref>Taylor, Trey (September 20, 2018). "Hollyweird: The Strange, Tragic Death of Jennifer Syme". ''Paper''. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta, inda jaririn da aka haifa bezo da rayuwa ba. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu sanadiyar motarta ta, da ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles<ref>Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref>. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.<ref name=":4">Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya kasance wanda ya ɗauki nauyin janazar Syme, <ref name=":4" /> wadda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.<ref>Daly, Sean (April 23, 2001). "Keanu Grieves for His Soul Mate, Jennifer". ''US Weekly''. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021.</ref> An tsara shi da ya yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa ''The Matrix'' a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ya kasance ubangida ne,<ref>Purcell, Andrew (November 2, 2014). "Keanu Reeves, John Wick's zen master with a gift for violence". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020. <q>Red carpet: Reeves with Brenda Davis, a filmmaker and friend.</q></ref> da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.<ref>Morris, Bob (December 20, 2011). "China Chow, With a Look of Her Own Making". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.<ref>Sharf, Zack (September 3, 2024). "Winona Ryder and Keanu Reeves Call Each Other Husband and Wife in Text Messages After Maybe Getting Married for Real on 'Dracula' Set". ''Variety''. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2009, Reeves ya hadu da Alexandra Grant a wani cin abincin dare; inda suka ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare<ref>Rose, Steve (June 15, 2011). "How Keanu Reeves cheered up". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>. Sun sanar da jama'a alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.<ref>Hills, Megan (June 24, 2020). "Who is Keanu Reeves' girlfriend Alexandra Grant?". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne ''"personal and private''"<ref>Wilson, Staci Layne (February 14, 2005). "Interview with Constantine actor, Keanu Reeves". ''horror.com''. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019.</ref>. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”<ref>Stern, Marlow (September 13, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on 'Man of Tai Chi,' 'Bill & Ted' & 'Point Break'". ''The Daily Beast''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din ''Little Buddha''.<ref name=":5">"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."<ref name=":5" />. A cikin 2023, an radawa, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, suna, ''lipopeptide keanumycin'' domin girmama Reeves.<ref>"Scientists name fungus-killing substance after 'John Wick' star Keanu Reeves". ''KOMO''. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</ref> A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan ''Race 1'' da 24th akan ''Race 2'' a Titin Motar Indianapolis.<ref>Rosenbloom, Alli (October 6, 2024). "Keanu Reeves makes professional auto racing debut at Indianapolis Motor Speedway". CNN. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.</ref> == Takaddama == A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "''Pull My Daisy''" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.<ref>"Keanu Reeves performs "Pull My Daisy" on the 35th Annual Tibet House Benefit Concert March 3, 2022". ''youtube.com''. Tibet House US. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.</ref> An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.<ref>Davis, Rebecca (March 24, 2022). "China streamers scrub Keanu Reeves titles over his support for Tibet". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref><ref>Sharf, Zack (March 24, 2022). "Keanu Reeves Movies Reportedly Pulled Off Streaming Platforms in China Over His Tibet Support". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> == A cikin kafafen yada labarai == A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun ''introvert'' na Hollywood".<ref name=":6">Grossman, Lev (February 14, 2005). "Keanu Reeves: The Man Who Isn't There". ''Time''. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa da "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”<ref name=":7">Finke, Nikki (October 25, 2012). "Keanu Reeves And Longtime Manager Erwin Stoff Hit Bumpy Road: Actor Almost Left 3 Arts But Instead Others There Repping Him". ''Deadline''. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Erwin Stoff na ''3 Arts Entertainment'' ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan shi tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawan alheri,."<ref>Clark, Meredith (March 16, 2023). "Keanu Reeves reacts to being declared the internet's boyfriend". ''The Independent''. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin ''Good Fortune'', ya yi ba'a cewa "''actually is an angel''", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba <ref>Mangalindan, JP (May 15, 2024). "Shogun's Hiroyuki Sanada Says John Wick Costar Keanu Reeves Is 'Hard on Himself' but 'Very Kind to Others'". ''People''. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" <ref>Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). "Help Cheer Up Keanu Reeves". ''Time''. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”<ref>"Keanu Reeves on Sad Keanu: "I Was Hungry!"". ''W Magazine''. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</ref> Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da ''"Internet's Boyfriend''".<ref>Lang, Cady (July 19, 2019). "Why Keanu Reeves Has Always Been the Internet's Soul Mate". ''Time''. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.<ref>Romano, Aja (August 16, 2019). "Keanu Reeves, explained". ''Vox''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.</ref> Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", <ref>Flatau, Seth (July 13, 2023). "10 Keanu Reeves Stories That Prove He's The Nicest Guy In Hollywood". ''Screen Rant''. Valnet Inc. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin",<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".<ref>Palma, Bethania (June 30, 2021). "Does Pic Show Keanu Eating Ice Cream at a Movie Theater?". ''Snopes''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> == Lambobin karramawa == Reeves ya shahara a tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi samun yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin Rubutun ''Tomatoes'', sun haɗa da: ''River's Edge'' (1987), ''Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), ''Much Ado About Nothing'' (1993), ''Speed'' ​​(1994), ''The Matrix'' (1999), ''John Wick'' (2014), ''John Wick'': Babi na 2 (2017), ''John Wick:'' Babi na 3 - ''Parabellum'' (2019), da ''Toy'' ''Story 4'' (2019).<ref>"Keanu Reeves – Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da a taka a cikin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's ''Most Sexiest Man Alive''.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar ''Tae Kwon'' ''Do Life'' ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin ''"# 1 Martial Arts star in the world"'' bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, ''TV, Comics'', da Littattafai a San Diego ''Comic-Con''.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] t49ly6hn4jawage4rv6qkgtt4efr3mo 823811 823810 2026-04-21T19:20:03Z Usmanmaifada 20279 A cikin 823811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] '''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo;<ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref> An haife shi a watan Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Ɗan Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi, shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a ƙarni na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi a cikin ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a. An haife shi a Beirut, Lebanon kuma ya girma a [[Toronto]], Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin talabijin na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed ​​(1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003). Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023). Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel. == Kuruciya == An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref>. Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref>]Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa, <ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa ​​da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney, <ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]], inda ta auri Paul Aaron, darektan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da ''Etobicoke School of Arts'', inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da ''dyslexia'' kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin ''De La Salle'', ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗaukar shi a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar ''De La Salle College'', ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> == Sana'a == '''1984-1990: Aikin farko''' A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin ''Brad Fraser'' ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin ''"K. C."'' ko "''Casey''" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref> Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da ''NBC's Babes'' a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da ''Brotherhood of Justice''. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin ''Peter'' ''Markle's Youngblood'' (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "''natural and credible''", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Tune in Tomorrow''. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na ''Rush Rush'' wanda ya ƙunshi wani ''Rebel'' ''Without a Cause'' motif, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> '''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka''' A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'', mabiyi ga ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'', tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na ''sub-moronic'' [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara ''snickering'' duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manyan Haɗin gwiwa tare da ''River Phoenix'' a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada ''My Own Private Idaho'', Taurarin sun fara tafiyar suce ta gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan ''Shakespeare's Henry IV'', Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ''My Own Private Idaho'' ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin " "''a postmodern road'' ''movie with a mood of'' f''ree-floating, trance-like despair ... a rich, audacious experience''". ''The New York Times'' complimented Reeves ''and Phoenix''"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ''MTV Movie Awards'' na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Namiji Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga ''guitar bass''. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin ''Stoker's 1897 Dracula''. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi na ya yi daidai, ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa. Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin ''Much Ado About Nothing'', bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da ''Cowgirls Get the Blues'' da ''Little'' ''Buddha'', dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.<ref>"Little Buddha (1994)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 6, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ''Little Buddha'' sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan ''Speed'' ​​(1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed ​​shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na ''Point Break''.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves ''River Phoenix'' (kuma abokin aikina a ''My Own Private Idaho'') ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki ''Speed'' ​​​​a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. ''Gene Siskel'' na ''Chicago Tribune'' ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "Mai cikakkiyan kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita ''Speed'' ​​kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta ''blockbuster'' wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta ''Academy'' guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> '''1995–1998: Canjin aiki''' Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 ''cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic'', wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba ''Theatre Cente''r na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar ''Sunday Times Roger'' Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>. Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed ​​2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa ''Fox Century'' na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref> Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>.. '''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo''' A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> '''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta''' n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.<ref>Kermode, Mark (June 25, 2006). "The Lake House". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Kern, Laura (November 3, 2006). "A Straightforward Look at Our Changing World". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.<ref>"Street Kings". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”<ref>Byrnes, Paul (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"<ref>Bradshaw, Peter (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.<ref>WELT (January 22, 2009). "2009 Razzies : Golden Raspberry Awards list of nominees". ''Die Welt''. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".<ref>Robey, Tim (December 11, 2008). "The Day the Earth Stood Still and Dean Spanley – review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.<ref>"The Private Lives of Pippa Lee". ''Film file''. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"<ref>Gritten, David (September 7, 2009). "The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.<ref>"Henry's Crime". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.<ref>Hassan, Genevieve (June 22, 2011). "Keanu Reeves' Ode to Happiness". ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.<ref>Scott, A. O. (August 30, 2012). "Finding Drama in Newfangled Filmmaking". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.<ref>"Generation Um... (2013)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, <ref>Davidson, Mike (May 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves makes director debut with modern Kung Fu film". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi (2013)". ''Kung-fu Kingdom''. April 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”<ref>McGinn, David (May 11, 2018). "Man of Tai Chi: Keanu Reeves's martial-arts flick lacks punch". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba. '''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick''' Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na ''John Wick'' ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.<ref>"Keanu Reeves plays hitman in 'John Wick' – Surprises with unexpected use of artillery in action scenes". ''Inquirer Movies''. December 19, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.<ref>Kilday, Gregg (October 14, 2014). "Bridget Moynahan Joins Keanu Reeves Thriller 'John Wick'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.<ref>Lowe, Justin (October 22, 2014). "'John Wick': Film Review". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".<ref>Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 23, 2014). "Pet's Slaughter Uncorks a Latent Inner Assassin". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.<ref>"John Wick". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, ''Knock Knock'' (2015), sake yin ''Death Game'' (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.<ref>Howell, Peter (October 8, 2015). "Reel Brief: Mini reviews of 99 Homes, Knock Knock, The Forbidden Room, Labyrinth of Lies, This Changes Everything". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.<ref>Leydon, Joe (June 1, 2015). "Film Review: 'Deep Web'". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.<ref>"Exposed (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 27, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa<ref>"Keanu (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on July 28, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).<ref>Bray, Catherine (May 18, 2019). "The Neon Demon review | Sight & Sound". ''British Film Institute''. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ''The Bad Batch''<ref>Pulver, Andrew (September 6, 2016). "The Bad Batch review: Keanu Reeves and Jim Carrey thrive in cannibal apocalypse". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".<ref>Murray, Noel (October 19, 2016). "An A-list cast and crew make a C+ courtroom drama with The Whole Truth". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.<ref>Greene, Steve (August 10, 2017). "'Swedish Dicks' Review: Keanu Reeves is a Rare Highlight in a Detective Series Too Goofy for its Own Good". ''IndieWire''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 2". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).<ref>Hewitt, Chris (February 6, 2017). "John Wick: Chapter Two". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".<ref>Chang, Justin (February 9, 2017). "Review: Keanu Reeves knows gun-fu in the thrillingly disciplined 'John Wick: Chapter 2'". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017<ref>"2017 Sundance Film Festival: Competition And Next Lineup Announced". ''www.sundance.org''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.<ref>Leszkiewicz, Anna (July 10, 2017). "Don't watch Netflix's To The Bone". ''www.newstatesman.com''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.<ref>Roeper, Richard (September 23, 2018). "'A Happening of Monumental Proportions' wastes a deep cast of stars". ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 ''comedy Destination Wedding'', game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.<ref>Lowe, Justin (July 13, 2018). "'Siberia': Film Review | Hollywood Reporter". ''www.hollywoodreporter.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"<ref name=":3">Dowd, A.A. (January 11, 2019). "The Keanu Reeves sci-fi movie Replicas is so terrible it could give you an existential crisis". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.<ref name=":3" /><ref>"Replicas". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.<ref>Hertz, Barry (May 16, 2019). "Review: Tick tock, time to coldclock: Why John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum is the Swiss luxury watch of action cinema". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"<ref>Clarke, Cath (May 16, 2019). "John Wick: Chapter 3: Parabellum review – franchise bloat for Keanu Reeves' hitman". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref>. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.<ref>"2019 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees on People's Choice Awards | E! News UK". ''E! News''. November 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (June 12, 2019). "How Keanu Reeves Ended Up in 'Toy Story 4' as Duke Caboom". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (June 4, 2018). "There's a Keanu Reeves film festival happening in Glasgow". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref>A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (March 13, 2019). "Film fans rejoice as Keanu Reeves film festival set to go ahead next month". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.<ref>"Ali Wong Assures Keanu Reeves Is a 'Sweet, Professional Guy' — Not Jerk from Always Be My Maybe". ''Peoplemag''. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.</ref>A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.<ref>Rodrigues, Leonardo (August 31, 2019). "Conquest: Tudo o que sabemos sobre a série que Keany Reeves está rodando em SP" [Conquest: Everything we know about the series filmed by Keanu Reeves in São Paulo]. ''Uol'' (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.</ref> Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.<ref>Carreyrou, John (November 22, 2023). "The Strange $55 Million Saga of a Netflix Series You'll Never See". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2023.</ref> A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.<ref>Greene, Andy (August 18, 2020). "Inside the Long, Strange Trip of 'Bill & Ted'". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.<ref>Lawrence, Derek (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted 3' is officially happening". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"<ref>Kramer, Gary M. (August 28, 2020). "The latest "Bill & Ted" adventure is more bogus than excellent, despite some chuckles". ''Salon''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.<ref>Greenblatt, Leah (August 27, 2020). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is delightfully dumb". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.<ref>Lewis, Evan (June 12, 2019). "Keanu Reeves on Cyberpunk 2077, getting into gaming, John Wick, and more". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.<ref>Holson, Laura M. (August 21, 2019). "'The Matrix' Gets a Fourth Movie, and Keanu Reeves Is Back". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "''no game-changer''".<ref>Aspinall, Jeremy. "The Matrix Resurrections (2021)". ''Radio Times''. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</ref> '''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick''' John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa <ref>Greenblatt, Leah (March 13, 2023). "Something Wick-ed this way comes in ''John Wick: Chapter 4''". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref>. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.<ref>Motamayor, Raphael (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick: Chapter 4' Review: The Best Action Blockbuster Since 'Fury Road'". ''IndieWire''. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</ref> Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada ''Cyberpunk 2077'', ''Phanthom Liberty''.<ref>Egan, Toussaint (September 7, 2022). "Phantom Liberty is the 'only planned expansion' for Cyberpunk 2077". ''Polygon''. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.</ref> Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta, aka buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.<ref>Reeves, Keanu; Kindt, Matt (October 10, 2023). ''BRZRKR Vol. 3''. BOOM! Studios. ISBN <bdi>978-1-68415-712-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, a fitowar farko, sayarwar da ta kasance #1 tun Star a cikin 2015.<ref>Johnston, Rich (February 4, 2021). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR #1 Sells Over 615,000 Copies To Comic Stores". ''Bleeding Cool News And Rumors''. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</ref> Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman ''jam sessions'' a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama me suna, ''Somewhere Between the Power Lines and Palm Trees'' (2023). Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na ''BottleRock Napa Valley'', <ref>Vaziri, Aidin (May 28, 2023). "Keanu Reeves shakes off nerves at BottleRock for Dogstar's first concert in more than 20 years". ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</ref> Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.<ref>Al-Sardar, Ali. "Dogstar 2023 Tour Dates, Concerts & Tickets". ''Rock Informer''. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</ref> A watan Yuli, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines'', mai suna ''Poetry of Madness''..<ref>"BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness - Exclusive Preview of the Prequel Story". ''IGN''. July 21, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na ''Ride with Norman Reedus'' (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".<ref>Ricci, Kimberley (September 7, 2023). "Look At How Happy Keanu Reeves Looks In New 'Ride With Norman Reedus' Footage". ''Uproxx''. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</ref> ''CinemaBlend's'' Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."<ref>Venable, Nick (October 23, 2023). "These Videos Of Keanu Reeves And Norman Reedus Hanging Out Can Instantly Put Me In A Good Mood". ''CinemaBlend''. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don ''Hulu da Disney +''.<ref>"Disney+ F1 documentary: Brawn release date, cast and history". ''Autosport''. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</ref> Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". <ref>Seale, Jack (November 15, 2023). "Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story review – Keanu Reeves is adorable". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</ref> A karshen wannan watan, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines series'', mai suna ''Fallen Empire''.<ref>"BRZRKR: Keanu Reeves' Immortal Warrior Returns in Fallen Empire". ''IGN''. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, ''Netflix'' ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon da suke mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.<ref>John, Carreyrou (May 31, 2024). "Netflix Wins $8.8 Million in Fight Over Planned TV Series". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.<ref>Robinson, KiMi (June 4, 2024). "Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar announces summer 2024 tour for their first album in 20 years". ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin ''The Book of Elsewhere'', wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.<ref>"Get a First Look at BRZRKR: A Faceful Of Bullets #1". ''Graphic Policy''. June 28, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref> Wani BRZRKR ''Bloodlines spin-off,'' mai suna ''The Lost Book of B'' wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.<ref>Schedeen, Jesse (May 23, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Returns to BRZRKR in The Lost Book of B". ''IGN''. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref>Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin ''Ancient Apocalypse'' akan ''Netflix,'' inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa ​​game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.<ref>Goldbart, Max (September 18, 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved September 18, 2024.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Armored Core'' na jerin ''anthology series'' ''Secret Level'' .<ref>Coleman, Jack (October 14, 2024). "Secret Level Trailer Leaks, Revealing Main Cast". ''TheGamer''. Valnet. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na ''Shadow Generations'' (2024).<ref>Stedman, Alex (September 24, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Will Headline an Upcoming Sonic x Shadow Generations DLC - State of Play". ''IGN''. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</ref> '''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa''' Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na ''Shadow'' ''the Hedgehog'' a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the'' ''Hedgehog 3'', wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.<ref>Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (April 15, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Joins 'Sonic 3' as Shadow". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, ''Good Fortune''.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (April 18, 2023). "Seth Rogen, Keanu Reeves to Star in Aziz Ansari Movie 'Good Fortune'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</ref> Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill a kan ''Apple TV+''.<ref>Prasad, Sumith (January 26, 2024). "Jonah Hill's Outcome Starring Keanu Reeves Begins Filming in LA in March". ''The CinemaHolic''. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.</ref> A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 From ''The World of John Wick: Ballerina'', an saita Reeves don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon mallakar Faransa.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 21, 2024). "'Ballerina' Dances Into Summer 2025 As 'The Crow' Swoops Into John Wick Spinoff's June 2024 Date". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.</ref> An tsara Reeves ya zamo tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.<ref>Wiseman, Andreas (May 14, 2024). "Kirsten Dunst & Daniel Brühl Join Keanu Reeves In Ruben Östlund's ''The Entertainment System Is Down''; Director Buys Boeing 747 For Movie — Cannes Market Hot Project". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.<ref>Grobar, Matt (March 28, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Teaming With Fisher Stevens To Produce Doc On Kickboxer Benny "The Jet" Urquidez". ''Deadline''. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na ''Waiting for Godot'' wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.<ref>Lee, Benjamin (August 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves to make Broadway debut opposite Bill & Ted co-star Alex Winter". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved August 1, 2024.</ref> Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.<ref>Oddo, Marco Vito (October 4, 2022). "Keanu Reeves May Direct Movie Adaptation Of His Own Comic 'BRZRKR' [Exclusive]". ''Collider''. Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</ref> Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan ''Netflix'' kuma wanda ''Production I.G'' ya shirya.<ref>Loo, Egan (July 22, 2022). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Series Animated by Production I.G With 2 Seasons Planned". ''Anime News Network''. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.</ref> Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, <ref>McNary, Dave (August 6, 2020). "'John Wick 5,' New 'Dirty Dancing' Movie With Jennifer Grey Officially in the Works at Lionsgate". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</ref> amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan ''"Rest for the time being''".<ref>O'Connell, Mikey (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick' Filmmaker Chad Stahelski Talks Sequels, Oscar Stunt Snubs and Why Guns Still Show Up on Sets". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref> Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.<ref>Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2024). "'John Wick 4' Sequel Series From Keanu Reeves & Chad Stahelski Heats Up TV Marketplace". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar shi ta sirri == A cikin 1998, Reeves ya hadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka gudanar don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.<ref>Taylor, Trey (September 20, 2018). "Hollyweird: The Strange, Tragic Death of Jennifer Syme". ''Paper''. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta, inda jaririn da aka haifa bezo da rayuwa ba. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu sanadiyar motarta ta, da ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles<ref>Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref>. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.<ref name=":4">Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya kasance wanda ya ɗauki nauyin janazar Syme, <ref name=":4" /> wadda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.<ref>Daly, Sean (April 23, 2001). "Keanu Grieves for His Soul Mate, Jennifer". ''US Weekly''. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021.</ref> An tsara shi da ya yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa ''The Matrix'' a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ya kasance ubangida ne,<ref>Purcell, Andrew (November 2, 2014). "Keanu Reeves, John Wick's zen master with a gift for violence". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020. <q>Red carpet: Reeves with Brenda Davis, a filmmaker and friend.</q></ref> da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.<ref>Morris, Bob (December 20, 2011). "China Chow, With a Look of Her Own Making". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.<ref>Sharf, Zack (September 3, 2024). "Winona Ryder and Keanu Reeves Call Each Other Husband and Wife in Text Messages After Maybe Getting Married for Real on 'Dracula' Set". ''Variety''. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2009, Reeves ya hadu da Alexandra Grant a wani cin abincin dare; inda suka ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare<ref>Rose, Steve (June 15, 2011). "How Keanu Reeves cheered up". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>. Sun sanar da jama'a alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.<ref>Hills, Megan (June 24, 2020). "Who is Keanu Reeves' girlfriend Alexandra Grant?". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne ''"personal and private''"<ref>Wilson, Staci Layne (February 14, 2005). "Interview with Constantine actor, Keanu Reeves". ''horror.com''. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019.</ref>. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”<ref>Stern, Marlow (September 13, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on 'Man of Tai Chi,' 'Bill & Ted' & 'Point Break'". ''The Daily Beast''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din ''Little Buddha''.<ref name=":5">"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."<ref name=":5" />. A cikin 2023, an radawa, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, suna, ''lipopeptide keanumycin'' domin girmama Reeves.<ref>"Scientists name fungus-killing substance after 'John Wick' star Keanu Reeves". ''KOMO''. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</ref> A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan ''Race 1'' da 24th akan ''Race 2'' a Titin Motar Indianapolis.<ref>Rosenbloom, Alli (October 6, 2024). "Keanu Reeves makes professional auto racing debut at Indianapolis Motor Speedway". CNN. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.</ref> == Takaddama == A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "''Pull My Daisy''" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.<ref>"Keanu Reeves performs "Pull My Daisy" on the 35th Annual Tibet House Benefit Concert March 3, 2022". ''youtube.com''. Tibet House US. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.</ref> An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.<ref>Davis, Rebecca (March 24, 2022). "China streamers scrub Keanu Reeves titles over his support for Tibet". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref><ref>Sharf, Zack (March 24, 2022). "Keanu Reeves Movies Reportedly Pulled Off Streaming Platforms in China Over His Tibet Support". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> == A cikin kafafen yada labarai == A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun ''introvert'' na Hollywood".<ref name=":6">Grossman, Lev (February 14, 2005). "Keanu Reeves: The Man Who Isn't There". ''Time''. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa da "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”<ref name=":7">Finke, Nikki (October 25, 2012). "Keanu Reeves And Longtime Manager Erwin Stoff Hit Bumpy Road: Actor Almost Left 3 Arts But Instead Others There Repping Him". ''Deadline''. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Erwin Stoff na ''3 Arts Entertainment'' ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan shi tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawan alheri,."<ref>Clark, Meredith (March 16, 2023). "Keanu Reeves reacts to being declared the internet's boyfriend". ''The Independent''. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin ''Good Fortune'', ya yi ba'a cewa "''actually is an angel''", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba <ref>Mangalindan, JP (May 15, 2024). "Shogun's Hiroyuki Sanada Says John Wick Costar Keanu Reeves Is 'Hard on Himself' but 'Very Kind to Others'". ''People''. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" <ref>Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). "Help Cheer Up Keanu Reeves". ''Time''. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”<ref>"Keanu Reeves on Sad Keanu: "I Was Hungry!"". ''W Magazine''. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</ref> Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da ''"Internet's Boyfriend''".<ref>Lang, Cady (July 19, 2019). "Why Keanu Reeves Has Always Been the Internet's Soul Mate". ''Time''. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.<ref>Romano, Aja (August 16, 2019). "Keanu Reeves, explained". ''Vox''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.</ref> Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", <ref>Flatau, Seth (July 13, 2023). "10 Keanu Reeves Stories That Prove He's The Nicest Guy In Hollywood". ''Screen Rant''. Valnet Inc. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin",<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".<ref>Palma, Bethania (June 30, 2021). "Does Pic Show Keanu Eating Ice Cream at a Movie Theater?". ''Snopes''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> == Lambobin karramawa == Reeves ya shahara a tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi samun yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin Rubutun ''Tomatoes'', sun haɗa da: ''River's Edge'' (1987), ''Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), ''Much Ado About Nothing'' (1993), ''Speed'' ​​(1994), ''The Matrix'' (1999), ''John Wick'' (2014), ''John Wick'': Babi na 2 (2017), ''John Wick:'' Babi na 3 - ''Parabellum'' (2019), da ''Toy'' ''Story 4'' (2019).<ref>"Keanu Reeves – Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da a taka a cikin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's ''Most Sexiest Man Alive''.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar ''Tae Kwon'' ''Do Life'' ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin ''"# 1 Martial Arts star in the world"'' bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, ''TV, Comics'', da Littattafai a San Diego ''Comic-Con''.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] j77kjdbwdax0ac2an7bip4fwk275hxf 823812 823811 2026-04-21T19:21:07Z Usmanmaifada 20279 823812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] '''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo;<ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref> An haife shi a watan Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Ɗan Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi, shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a ƙarni na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi a cikin ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a. An haife shi a [[Beirut]], Lebanon kuma ya girma a [[Toronto]], Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin talabijin na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed ​​(1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003). Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023). Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel. == Kuruciya == An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref>. Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref>]Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa, <ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa ​​da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney, <ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]], inda ta auri Paul Aaron, darektan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da ''Etobicoke School of Arts'', inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da ''dyslexia'' kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin ''De La Salle'', ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗaukar shi a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar ''De La Salle College'', ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> == Sana'a == '''1984-1990: Aikin farko''' A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin ''Brad Fraser'' ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin ''"K. C."'' ko "''Casey''" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref> Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da ''NBC's Babes'' a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da ''Brotherhood of Justice''. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin ''Peter'' ''Markle's Youngblood'' (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "''natural and credible''", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Tune in Tomorrow''. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na ''Rush Rush'' wanda ya ƙunshi wani ''Rebel'' ''Without a Cause'' motif, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> '''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka''' A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'', mabiyi ga ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'', tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na ''sub-moronic'' [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara ''snickering'' duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manyan Haɗin gwiwa tare da ''River Phoenix'' a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada ''My Own Private Idaho'', Taurarin sun fara tafiyar suce ta gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan ''Shakespeare's Henry IV'', Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ''My Own Private Idaho'' ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin " "''a postmodern road'' ''movie with a mood of'' f''ree-floating, trance-like despair ... a rich, audacious experience''". ''The New York Times'' complimented Reeves ''and Phoenix''"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ''MTV Movie Awards'' na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Namiji Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga ''guitar bass''. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin ''Stoker's 1897 Dracula''. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi na ya yi daidai, ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa. Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin ''Much Ado About Nothing'', bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da ''Cowgirls Get the Blues'' da ''Little'' ''Buddha'', dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.<ref>"Little Buddha (1994)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 6, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ''Little Buddha'' sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan ''Speed'' ​​(1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed ​​shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na ''Point Break''.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves ''River Phoenix'' (kuma abokin aikina a ''My Own Private Idaho'') ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki ''Speed'' ​​​​a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. ''Gene Siskel'' na ''Chicago Tribune'' ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "Mai cikakkiyan kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita ''Speed'' ​​kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta ''blockbuster'' wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta ''Academy'' guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> '''1995–1998: Canjin aiki''' Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 ''cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic'', wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba ''Theatre Cente''r na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar ''Sunday Times Roger'' Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>. Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed ​​2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa ''Fox Century'' na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref> Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>.. '''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo''' A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> '''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta''' n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.<ref>Kermode, Mark (June 25, 2006). "The Lake House". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Kern, Laura (November 3, 2006). "A Straightforward Look at Our Changing World". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.<ref>"Street Kings". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”<ref>Byrnes, Paul (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"<ref>Bradshaw, Peter (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.<ref>WELT (January 22, 2009). "2009 Razzies : Golden Raspberry Awards list of nominees". ''Die Welt''. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".<ref>Robey, Tim (December 11, 2008). "The Day the Earth Stood Still and Dean Spanley – review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.<ref>"The Private Lives of Pippa Lee". ''Film file''. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"<ref>Gritten, David (September 7, 2009). "The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.<ref>"Henry's Crime". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.<ref>Hassan, Genevieve (June 22, 2011). "Keanu Reeves' Ode to Happiness". ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.<ref>Scott, A. O. (August 30, 2012). "Finding Drama in Newfangled Filmmaking". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.<ref>"Generation Um... (2013)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, <ref>Davidson, Mike (May 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves makes director debut with modern Kung Fu film". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi (2013)". ''Kung-fu Kingdom''. April 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”<ref>McGinn, David (May 11, 2018). "Man of Tai Chi: Keanu Reeves's martial-arts flick lacks punch". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba. '''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick''' Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na ''John Wick'' ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.<ref>"Keanu Reeves plays hitman in 'John Wick' – Surprises with unexpected use of artillery in action scenes". ''Inquirer Movies''. December 19, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.<ref>Kilday, Gregg (October 14, 2014). "Bridget Moynahan Joins Keanu Reeves Thriller 'John Wick'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.<ref>Lowe, Justin (October 22, 2014). "'John Wick': Film Review". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".<ref>Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 23, 2014). "Pet's Slaughter Uncorks a Latent Inner Assassin". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.<ref>"John Wick". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, ''Knock Knock'' (2015), sake yin ''Death Game'' (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.<ref>Howell, Peter (October 8, 2015). "Reel Brief: Mini reviews of 99 Homes, Knock Knock, The Forbidden Room, Labyrinth of Lies, This Changes Everything". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.<ref>Leydon, Joe (June 1, 2015). "Film Review: 'Deep Web'". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.<ref>"Exposed (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 27, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa<ref>"Keanu (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on July 28, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).<ref>Bray, Catherine (May 18, 2019). "The Neon Demon review | Sight & Sound". ''British Film Institute''. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ''The Bad Batch''<ref>Pulver, Andrew (September 6, 2016). "The Bad Batch review: Keanu Reeves and Jim Carrey thrive in cannibal apocalypse". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".<ref>Murray, Noel (October 19, 2016). "An A-list cast and crew make a C+ courtroom drama with The Whole Truth". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.<ref>Greene, Steve (August 10, 2017). "'Swedish Dicks' Review: Keanu Reeves is a Rare Highlight in a Detective Series Too Goofy for its Own Good". ''IndieWire''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 2". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).<ref>Hewitt, Chris (February 6, 2017). "John Wick: Chapter Two". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".<ref>Chang, Justin (February 9, 2017). "Review: Keanu Reeves knows gun-fu in the thrillingly disciplined 'John Wick: Chapter 2'". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017<ref>"2017 Sundance Film Festival: Competition And Next Lineup Announced". ''www.sundance.org''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.<ref>Leszkiewicz, Anna (July 10, 2017). "Don't watch Netflix's To The Bone". ''www.newstatesman.com''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.<ref>Roeper, Richard (September 23, 2018). "'A Happening of Monumental Proportions' wastes a deep cast of stars". ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 ''comedy Destination Wedding'', game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.<ref>Lowe, Justin (July 13, 2018). "'Siberia': Film Review | Hollywood Reporter". ''www.hollywoodreporter.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"<ref name=":3">Dowd, A.A. (January 11, 2019). "The Keanu Reeves sci-fi movie Replicas is so terrible it could give you an existential crisis". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.<ref name=":3" /><ref>"Replicas". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.<ref>Hertz, Barry (May 16, 2019). "Review: Tick tock, time to coldclock: Why John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum is the Swiss luxury watch of action cinema". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"<ref>Clarke, Cath (May 16, 2019). "John Wick: Chapter 3: Parabellum review – franchise bloat for Keanu Reeves' hitman". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref>. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.<ref>"2019 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees on People's Choice Awards | E! News UK". ''E! News''. November 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (June 12, 2019). "How Keanu Reeves Ended Up in 'Toy Story 4' as Duke Caboom". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (June 4, 2018). "There's a Keanu Reeves film festival happening in Glasgow". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref>A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (March 13, 2019). "Film fans rejoice as Keanu Reeves film festival set to go ahead next month". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.<ref>"Ali Wong Assures Keanu Reeves Is a 'Sweet, Professional Guy' — Not Jerk from Always Be My Maybe". ''Peoplemag''. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.</ref>A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.<ref>Rodrigues, Leonardo (August 31, 2019). "Conquest: Tudo o que sabemos sobre a série que Keany Reeves está rodando em SP" [Conquest: Everything we know about the series filmed by Keanu Reeves in São Paulo]. ''Uol'' (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.</ref> Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.<ref>Carreyrou, John (November 22, 2023). "The Strange $55 Million Saga of a Netflix Series You'll Never See". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2023.</ref> A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.<ref>Greene, Andy (August 18, 2020). "Inside the Long, Strange Trip of 'Bill & Ted'". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.<ref>Lawrence, Derek (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted 3' is officially happening". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"<ref>Kramer, Gary M. (August 28, 2020). "The latest "Bill & Ted" adventure is more bogus than excellent, despite some chuckles". ''Salon''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.<ref>Greenblatt, Leah (August 27, 2020). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is delightfully dumb". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.<ref>Lewis, Evan (June 12, 2019). "Keanu Reeves on Cyberpunk 2077, getting into gaming, John Wick, and more". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.<ref>Holson, Laura M. (August 21, 2019). "'The Matrix' Gets a Fourth Movie, and Keanu Reeves Is Back". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "''no game-changer''".<ref>Aspinall, Jeremy. "The Matrix Resurrections (2021)". ''Radio Times''. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</ref> '''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick''' John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa <ref>Greenblatt, Leah (March 13, 2023). "Something Wick-ed this way comes in ''John Wick: Chapter 4''". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref>. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.<ref>Motamayor, Raphael (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick: Chapter 4' Review: The Best Action Blockbuster Since 'Fury Road'". ''IndieWire''. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</ref> Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada ''Cyberpunk 2077'', ''Phanthom Liberty''.<ref>Egan, Toussaint (September 7, 2022). "Phantom Liberty is the 'only planned expansion' for Cyberpunk 2077". ''Polygon''. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.</ref> Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta, aka buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.<ref>Reeves, Keanu; Kindt, Matt (October 10, 2023). ''BRZRKR Vol. 3''. BOOM! Studios. ISBN <bdi>978-1-68415-712-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, a fitowar farko, sayarwar da ta kasance #1 tun Star a cikin 2015.<ref>Johnston, Rich (February 4, 2021). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR #1 Sells Over 615,000 Copies To Comic Stores". ''Bleeding Cool News And Rumors''. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</ref> Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman ''jam sessions'' a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama me suna, ''Somewhere Between the Power Lines and Palm Trees'' (2023). Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na ''BottleRock Napa Valley'', <ref>Vaziri, Aidin (May 28, 2023). "Keanu Reeves shakes off nerves at BottleRock for Dogstar's first concert in more than 20 years". ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</ref> Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.<ref>Al-Sardar, Ali. "Dogstar 2023 Tour Dates, Concerts & Tickets". ''Rock Informer''. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</ref> A watan Yuli, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines'', mai suna ''Poetry of Madness''..<ref>"BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness - Exclusive Preview of the Prequel Story". ''IGN''. July 21, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na ''Ride with Norman Reedus'' (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".<ref>Ricci, Kimberley (September 7, 2023). "Look At How Happy Keanu Reeves Looks In New 'Ride With Norman Reedus' Footage". ''Uproxx''. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</ref> ''CinemaBlend's'' Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."<ref>Venable, Nick (October 23, 2023). "These Videos Of Keanu Reeves And Norman Reedus Hanging Out Can Instantly Put Me In A Good Mood". ''CinemaBlend''. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don ''Hulu da Disney +''.<ref>"Disney+ F1 documentary: Brawn release date, cast and history". ''Autosport''. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</ref> Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". <ref>Seale, Jack (November 15, 2023). "Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story review – Keanu Reeves is adorable". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</ref> A karshen wannan watan, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines series'', mai suna ''Fallen Empire''.<ref>"BRZRKR: Keanu Reeves' Immortal Warrior Returns in Fallen Empire". ''IGN''. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, ''Netflix'' ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon da suke mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.<ref>John, Carreyrou (May 31, 2024). "Netflix Wins $8.8 Million in Fight Over Planned TV Series". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.<ref>Robinson, KiMi (June 4, 2024). "Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar announces summer 2024 tour for their first album in 20 years". ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin ''The Book of Elsewhere'', wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.<ref>"Get a First Look at BRZRKR: A Faceful Of Bullets #1". ''Graphic Policy''. June 28, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref> Wani BRZRKR ''Bloodlines spin-off,'' mai suna ''The Lost Book of B'' wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.<ref>Schedeen, Jesse (May 23, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Returns to BRZRKR in The Lost Book of B". ''IGN''. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref>Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin ''Ancient Apocalypse'' akan ''Netflix,'' inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa ​​game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.<ref>Goldbart, Max (September 18, 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved September 18, 2024.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Armored Core'' na jerin ''anthology series'' ''Secret Level'' .<ref>Coleman, Jack (October 14, 2024). "Secret Level Trailer Leaks, Revealing Main Cast". ''TheGamer''. Valnet. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na ''Shadow Generations'' (2024).<ref>Stedman, Alex (September 24, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Will Headline an Upcoming Sonic x Shadow Generations DLC - State of Play". ''IGN''. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</ref> '''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa''' Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na ''Shadow'' ''the Hedgehog'' a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the'' ''Hedgehog 3'', wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.<ref>Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (April 15, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Joins 'Sonic 3' as Shadow". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, ''Good Fortune''.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (April 18, 2023). "Seth Rogen, Keanu Reeves to Star in Aziz Ansari Movie 'Good Fortune'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</ref> Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill a kan ''Apple TV+''.<ref>Prasad, Sumith (January 26, 2024). "Jonah Hill's Outcome Starring Keanu Reeves Begins Filming in LA in March". ''The CinemaHolic''. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.</ref> A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 From ''The World of John Wick: Ballerina'', an saita Reeves don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon mallakar Faransa.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 21, 2024). "'Ballerina' Dances Into Summer 2025 As 'The Crow' Swoops Into John Wick Spinoff's June 2024 Date". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.</ref> An tsara Reeves ya zamo tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.<ref>Wiseman, Andreas (May 14, 2024). "Kirsten Dunst & Daniel Brühl Join Keanu Reeves In Ruben Östlund's ''The Entertainment System Is Down''; Director Buys Boeing 747 For Movie — Cannes Market Hot Project". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.<ref>Grobar, Matt (March 28, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Teaming With Fisher Stevens To Produce Doc On Kickboxer Benny "The Jet" Urquidez". ''Deadline''. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na ''Waiting for Godot'' wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.<ref>Lee, Benjamin (August 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves to make Broadway debut opposite Bill & Ted co-star Alex Winter". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved August 1, 2024.</ref> Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.<ref>Oddo, Marco Vito (October 4, 2022). "Keanu Reeves May Direct Movie Adaptation Of His Own Comic 'BRZRKR' [Exclusive]". ''Collider''. Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</ref> Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan ''Netflix'' kuma wanda ''Production I.G'' ya shirya.<ref>Loo, Egan (July 22, 2022). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Series Animated by Production I.G With 2 Seasons Planned". ''Anime News Network''. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.</ref> Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, <ref>McNary, Dave (August 6, 2020). "'John Wick 5,' New 'Dirty Dancing' Movie With Jennifer Grey Officially in the Works at Lionsgate". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</ref> amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan ''"Rest for the time being''".<ref>O'Connell, Mikey (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick' Filmmaker Chad Stahelski Talks Sequels, Oscar Stunt Snubs and Why Guns Still Show Up on Sets". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref> Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.<ref>Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2024). "'John Wick 4' Sequel Series From Keanu Reeves & Chad Stahelski Heats Up TV Marketplace". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar shi ta sirri == A cikin 1998, Reeves ya hadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka gudanar don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.<ref>Taylor, Trey (September 20, 2018). "Hollyweird: The Strange, Tragic Death of Jennifer Syme". ''Paper''. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta, inda jaririn da aka haifa bezo da rayuwa ba. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu sanadiyar motarta ta, da ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles<ref>Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref>. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.<ref name=":4">Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya kasance wanda ya ɗauki nauyin janazar Syme, <ref name=":4" /> wadda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.<ref>Daly, Sean (April 23, 2001). "Keanu Grieves for His Soul Mate, Jennifer". ''US Weekly''. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021.</ref> An tsara shi da ya yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa ''The Matrix'' a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ya kasance ubangida ne,<ref>Purcell, Andrew (November 2, 2014). "Keanu Reeves, John Wick's zen master with a gift for violence". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020. <q>Red carpet: Reeves with Brenda Davis, a filmmaker and friend.</q></ref> da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.<ref>Morris, Bob (December 20, 2011). "China Chow, With a Look of Her Own Making". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.<ref>Sharf, Zack (September 3, 2024). "Winona Ryder and Keanu Reeves Call Each Other Husband and Wife in Text Messages After Maybe Getting Married for Real on 'Dracula' Set". ''Variety''. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2009, Reeves ya hadu da Alexandra Grant a wani cin abincin dare; inda suka ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare<ref>Rose, Steve (June 15, 2011). "How Keanu Reeves cheered up". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>. Sun sanar da jama'a alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.<ref>Hills, Megan (June 24, 2020). "Who is Keanu Reeves' girlfriend Alexandra Grant?". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne ''"personal and private''"<ref>Wilson, Staci Layne (February 14, 2005). "Interview with Constantine actor, Keanu Reeves". ''horror.com''. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019.</ref>. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”<ref>Stern, Marlow (September 13, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on 'Man of Tai Chi,' 'Bill & Ted' & 'Point Break'". ''The Daily Beast''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din ''Little Buddha''.<ref name=":5">"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."<ref name=":5" />. A cikin 2023, an radawa, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, suna, ''lipopeptide keanumycin'' domin girmama Reeves.<ref>"Scientists name fungus-killing substance after 'John Wick' star Keanu Reeves". ''KOMO''. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</ref> A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan ''Race 1'' da 24th akan ''Race 2'' a Titin Motar Indianapolis.<ref>Rosenbloom, Alli (October 6, 2024). "Keanu Reeves makes professional auto racing debut at Indianapolis Motor Speedway". CNN. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.</ref> == Takaddama == A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "''Pull My Daisy''" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.<ref>"Keanu Reeves performs "Pull My Daisy" on the 35th Annual Tibet House Benefit Concert March 3, 2022". ''youtube.com''. Tibet House US. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.</ref> An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.<ref>Davis, Rebecca (March 24, 2022). "China streamers scrub Keanu Reeves titles over his support for Tibet". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref><ref>Sharf, Zack (March 24, 2022). "Keanu Reeves Movies Reportedly Pulled Off Streaming Platforms in China Over His Tibet Support". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> == A cikin kafafen yada labarai == A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun ''introvert'' na Hollywood".<ref name=":6">Grossman, Lev (February 14, 2005). "Keanu Reeves: The Man Who Isn't There". ''Time''. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa da "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”<ref name=":7">Finke, Nikki (October 25, 2012). "Keanu Reeves And Longtime Manager Erwin Stoff Hit Bumpy Road: Actor Almost Left 3 Arts But Instead Others There Repping Him". ''Deadline''. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Erwin Stoff na ''3 Arts Entertainment'' ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan shi tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawan alheri,."<ref>Clark, Meredith (March 16, 2023). "Keanu Reeves reacts to being declared the internet's boyfriend". ''The Independent''. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin ''Good Fortune'', ya yi ba'a cewa "''actually is an angel''", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba <ref>Mangalindan, JP (May 15, 2024). "Shogun's Hiroyuki Sanada Says John Wick Costar Keanu Reeves Is 'Hard on Himself' but 'Very Kind to Others'". ''People''. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" <ref>Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). "Help Cheer Up Keanu Reeves". ''Time''. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”<ref>"Keanu Reeves on Sad Keanu: "I Was Hungry!"". ''W Magazine''. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</ref> Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da ''"Internet's Boyfriend''".<ref>Lang, Cady (July 19, 2019). "Why Keanu Reeves Has Always Been the Internet's Soul Mate". ''Time''. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.<ref>Romano, Aja (August 16, 2019). "Keanu Reeves, explained". ''Vox''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.</ref> Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", <ref>Flatau, Seth (July 13, 2023). "10 Keanu Reeves Stories That Prove He's The Nicest Guy In Hollywood". ''Screen Rant''. Valnet Inc. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin",<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".<ref>Palma, Bethania (June 30, 2021). "Does Pic Show Keanu Eating Ice Cream at a Movie Theater?". ''Snopes''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> == Lambobin karramawa == Reeves ya shahara a tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi samun yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin Rubutun ''Tomatoes'', sun haɗa da: ''River's Edge'' (1987), ''Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), ''Much Ado About Nothing'' (1993), ''Speed'' ​​(1994), ''The Matrix'' (1999), ''John Wick'' (2014), ''John Wick'': Babi na 2 (2017), ''John Wick:'' Babi na 3 - ''Parabellum'' (2019), da ''Toy'' ''Story 4'' (2019).<ref>"Keanu Reeves – Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da a taka a cikin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's ''Most Sexiest Man Alive''.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar ''Tae Kwon'' ''Do Life'' ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin ''"# 1 Martial Arts star in the world"'' bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, ''TV, Comics'', da Littattafai a San Diego ''Comic-Con''.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] rylbxe47azuqt0scjaayyqug6z9narg 823813 823812 2026-04-21T19:22:16Z Usmanmaifada 20279 Link Lebanon 823813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Keanu Reeves - 2019 (47477524302) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hoton Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves (cropped).jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] [[Fayil:Keanu Reeves 2014.jpg|thumb|Keanu Reeves]] '''Keanu Charles Reeves;''' (/ kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo;<ref>Solski, Ruth (2010). ''Reading with Canadian Celebrities''. S&S Learning Materials. p. 43. ISBN <bdi>9781770781719</bdi>.</ref> An haife shi a watan Satumba 2, 1964) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne Haifaffen ɗan ƙasar [[kanada]]. Darajar arzikin Keenu Reeves kimanin dalar [[Amurka]] miliyan ɗari uku da tamanin $380<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrity-net-worth/2023/07/10/64ac40a8ca474183198b4585.html</ref>. Ɗan Kanada ne kuma mawaƙi, shi ne wanda ya sami yabo da yawa a cikin wani aiki akan allo wanda ya wuce shekaru arba'in. A cikin 2020, Jaridar New York Times ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu mafi girma a ƙarni na 21, kuma a cikin 2022 mujallar Time ta sanya shi a cikin ɗayan mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya. An san Reeves saboda ja-gorancinsa a fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo, kyakkyawar kimarsa, da kuma ƙoƙarinsa na taimakon jama'a. An haife shi a [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]] kuma ya girma a [[Toronto]], Kanada, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin jerin talabijin na Kanada Hangin' In (1984), kafin ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin Youngblood (1986). Reeves yana da rawar da ya taka a fagen wasan kwaikwayo na almarar kimiyya Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), kuma ya sake bayyana rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991). Ya sami yabo don buga wasan hustler a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa My Own Private Idaho (1991) kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin gwarzon aiki tare da manyan ayyuka a Point Break (1991) da Speed ​​(1994). Bayan wasu abubuwan takaici na ofishin akwatin, aikin Reeves a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro The Devil's Advocate (1997) ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Babban tauraro ya zo tare da matsayinsa na Neo a cikin Matrix (1999); Reeves ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo mafi girma da aka biya don samarwa guda ɗaya don sake sake rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka sake fitarwa da juyin juya hali (duka 2003). Ya buga John Constantine a cikin Constantine (2005) kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya The Lake House (2006), masanin almarar kimiyya Ranar da Duniya ta tsaya har yanzu da kuma manyan laifuffuka na Street Kings (duka 2008). Ya yi babban daraktan fim ɗin sa na farko tare da Man of Tai Chi (2013). Bayan wani lokaci na kasuwanci, Reeves ya sake dawowa aiki ta hanyar buga mai kisan kai a cikin jerin fina-finai na John Wick (2014-present). Ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Toy Story 4 (2019) da Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077 (2020) da kuma fadada shi. Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Ted a cikin Bill & Ted Face Music (2020) da Neo a cikin The Matrix: Resurrections (2021). Reeves ya sake haduwa kuma ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyarsa Dogstar don tallafawa kundin su na farko cikin sama da shekaru ashirin, Wani wuri Tsakanin Layin Wuta da Bishiyoyin Dabino (2023). Baya ga aikinsa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, Reeves shine marubucin marubuci kuma mahaliccin BRZRKR ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, wanda ya fara da ainihin littafin ban dariya (2021 – 2023) kuma tun lokacin da aka faɗaɗa don haɗawa da yawa da yawa, gami da juzu'in BRZRKR. - kashe Littafin Wani wuri tare da China Miéville. Mashin mai tuka babur, Reeves shine wanda ya kafa ƙera babur na ARCH. Ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Kamfanin tare da Stephen Hamel. == Kuruciya == An haifi Reeves a Beirut, Lebanon, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1964, ɗan Patricia (née Taylor), mai zanen kaya kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, da Samuel Nowlin Reeves Jr. Mahaifiyarsa Turanci ce, ta samo asali daga Essex.<ref>''The Jonathan Ross Show''. Season 8. Episode 10. March 28, 2015. <q>I am [half English]. My mother is from Essex</q></ref>. Mahaifinsa Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, kuma ɗan asalin Hawaii ne, Sinawa, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Fotigal.<ref>"Keanu Reeves". ''Hollywood Walk of Fame''. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. <q>Reeves's mother is English, and his father is an American of English, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Portuguese descent</q></ref>]Kakar mahaifin Reeves ’yar asalin Hawaii ce da kuma Sinawa.<ref>Caines, Michael (August 17, 2018). "Inbetweeners – Social & cultural studies". ''The Times Literary Supplement''. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref> Mahaifiyarsa tana aiki a Beirut lokacin da ta sadu da mahaifinsa, <ref>Reiman, Thomas (August 3, 2020). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</ref> wanda ya yi watsi da matarsa ​​da danginsa lokacin da Reeves yana ɗan shekara uku. Reeves ya sadu da mahaifinsa na ƙarshe a tsibirin Kauai na Hawaii lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13.<ref name=":0">Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609.</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun rabu a cikin 1966, mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura zuwa Sydney, <ref name=":0" /> sannan zuwa [[New York (birni)|New York City]], inda ta auri Paul Aaron, darektan Broadway da Hollywood, a cikin 1970.<ref name=":0" /> Ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Toronto kuma suka sake aure a cikin 1971. Lokacin da Reeves ya cika shekaru tara, ya shiga cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na Damn Yankees.<ref>Keanu Reeves at 50". ''International Business Times''. September 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.</ref> Haruna ya kasance kusa da Reeves, yana ba shi shawara da ba shi shawarar aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hedgerow a Pennsylvania.<ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Reeves ta auri Robert Miller, mai tallata kiɗan rock, a cikin 1976; Ma'auratan sun sake su a cikin 1980. Reeves da 'yan uwansa mata sun girma a cikin unguwar Yorkville na Toronto, tare da wata yarinya mai kula da su akai-akai.<ref name=":0" /> Reeves ya kalli wasannin barkwanci na Biritaniya irin su The Two Ronnies, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta nuna halin Ingilishi da ya kiyaye har ya girma.<ref>"In January 2011 on the BBC Program The One Show Keanu Reeves Spoke". keanureeves.tv. April 18, 2012. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> Saboda ƙabilar Sinawa na kakarsa, Reeves ya girma da fasahar Sinawa, kayan daki, da abinci.<ref>Nepales, Ruben V. (September 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on directing for the first time". ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> Da yake kwatanta kansa a matsayin "yaro mai zaman kansa",<ref>Heath, Chris (August 31, 2000). "The Quiet Man: The Riddle of Keanu Reeves". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya halarci manyan makarantu daban-daban guda hudu, ciki har da ''Etobicoke School of Arts'', inda aka kore shi. Reeves ya ce an kore shi ne saboda "ya kasance dan kadan ne kuma ya harbe bakina sau dayawa ... Ni ba gaba daya ba ne na'ura mai kyau a makarantar"<ref>Reimann, Thomas (April 17, 2019). "Everything You Didn't Know About Keanu Reeves". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves yana da ''dyslexia'' kuma ya ce, "Saboda ina fama da matsalar karatu, ban kasance ƙwararren ɗalibi ba."<ref>"An interview with Keanu Reeves :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive". Whoa Is (Not) Me. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023</ref> A Kwalejin ''De La Salle'', ya kasance mai tsaron ragar wasan hockey mai nasara. Reeves yana da burin taka leda a ƙungiyar Olympics ta Kanada kuma an taɓa ɗaukar shi a matsayin mai fatan OHL, amma aikinsa na wasan hockey ya ƙare saboda rauni.<ref>Sportsnet@X.com: "The newest member of the Windsor Spitfires, Keanu Reeves!The former OHL goalie prospect, had his hockey career cut short by injury., August 22, 2024.</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, ya yanke shawarar ya so ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>Arpe, Malene (October 22, 2013). "Keanu Reeves talks memes, hockey and Licks burgers during Reddit AMA". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.</ref>Bayan ya bar ''De La Salle College'', ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Avondale, wanda ya ba shi damar samun ilimi yayin da yake aiki a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo. Reeves ya bar makarantar sakandare lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Keanu Reeves- Biography". ''Yahoo! Movies''. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Ya sami katin kore ta hannun mahaifinsa ɗan Amurka kuma ya koma Los Angeles bayan shekaru uku.<ref>Shaprio, Marc (2020). ''Keanu Reeves' Excellent Adventure – An Unauthorized Biography''. New York: Riverdale Avenue Books. pp. 6, 9, 15, 23, 28. ISBN 9781626015609</ref> == Sana'a == '''1984-1990: Aikin farko''' A cikin 1984, Reeves ya kasance wakilin gidan talabijin na matasa na gidan talabijin na Kanada (CBC) wanda ke ''Going Grea''t.<ref>YouTube clip Archived May 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, CBC RetroBites: Keanu Reeves. Retrieved October 22, 2014.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wani shiri na jerin talabijin, mai suna ''Hangin'In''.<ref>"Keanu Reeves from Stars' First Roles". ''E! Online''. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1985, ya buga Mercutio a cikin samar da matakin Romeo da Juliet a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Leah Posluns a Arewacin York, Ontario.<ref>"Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia – Leah Posluns Theatre". ''www.canadiantheatre.com''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Ya kara fitowa a kan mataki, ciki har da kungiyar addinin ''Brad Fraser'' ta buga Wolfboy a Toronto. Har ila yau, ya fito a cikin kasuwancin Coca-Cola a cikin 1983, <ref>Fernández, Alexia (August 7, 2018). "Keanu Reeves Says He Shaved His Legs for a 1980s Coca-Cola Commercial: I Went 'Method'". ''People''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</ref> da kuma a cikin National Film Board of Canada (NFB) mai zuwa, ɗan gajeren fim Mataki na Daya.<ref>"National Film Board of Canada". ''onf-nfb.gc.ca''. October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Daga baya Reeves ya ce, a lokacin da yake neman aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, wakilansa sun ba shi shawarar da ya yi wani suna na daban saboda sunansa na farko ''"Too ethnic"''. A takaice dai ya fara sunan sa na farko da na tsakiya kuma ya halarci taron karawa juna sani a matsayin ''"K. C."'' ko "''Casey''" Reeves kafin ya koma Keanu.<ref>Jacobs, Eammon (March 30, 2023). "Keanu Reeves says he was told to change his name when he first started acting because it was 'too ethnic'". ''Yahoo Life''. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved April 28, 2023.</ref> Reeves ya yi fice a cikin fina-finan talabijin a cikin 1986, gami da ''NBC's Babes'' a Toyland, Dokar ɗaukar fansa da ''Brotherhood of Justice''. Ya fara fitowar hoton fim ɗin sa na farko a cikin ''Peter'' ''Markle's Youngblood'' (1986), inda ya buga mai tsaron gida, kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. An jefa shi a matsayin Matt a cikin Kogin Edge, wasan kwaikwayo na laifi game da gungun abokan makarantar sakandare da ke mu'amala da shari'ar kisan kai, ba tare da la'akari da kisan 1981 na Marcy Renee Conrad ba. An fara fim ɗin a cikin 1986 a Bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Toronto don ba da amsa mai inganci. Janet Maslin ta jaridar The New York Times ta kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin "''natural and credible''", tare da bayyana Reeves a matsayin "mai tasiri da tausayi".<ref>Maslin, Janet (May 8, 1987). "Film: 'River's Edge'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 1980s, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke nufin masu sauraron matasa, ciki har da matsayin jagora a cikin Dare Kafin (1988), wani wasan barkwanci wanda ke tauraro a gaban Lori Loughlin, Yariman Pennsylvania (1988) da Rikodin Dindindin (1988). Ko da yake na baya-bayan nan ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, mujallar Variety ta yaba da aikin Reeves, "wanda ke buɗewa da kyau yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba".<ref>"Permanent Record". ''Variety''. January 1, 1988. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Sauran ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcensa sun haɗa da rawar tallafi a cikin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗari (1988), wanda ya sami zaɓe bakwai a lambar yabo ta 61st Academy, ya lashe uku: Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo, Mafi kyawun Kyawun Kaya, da Kyakkyawan Ƙira.<ref>"The 61st Academy Awards | 1989". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. October 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), wanda a cikinsa ya ba da hoton ɗan wasa wanda ke tafiya cikin lokaci tare da abokinsa (wanda Alex Winter ya kwatanta), don tara ƙwararrun tarihi don gabatar da makaranta. Gabaɗaya fim ɗin ya sami karɓuwa sosai daga masu suka kuma ya tara dala miliyan 40.5 a ofishin akwatin akwatin duniya <ref>"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mai tattara fim ɗin Rotten Tomatoes ya ba fim ɗin ƙimar amincewar kashi 79% tare da yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci: "Keanu Reeves da Alex Winter kawai kyakkyawa ne, maras kyau, da wauta don yin wannan bala'in balaguron lokaci".<ref>"Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 29, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1989, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na ''Parenthood'' wanda Ron Howard ya jagoranta. Nick Hilditch na BBC ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro biyar, inda ya kira shi "fim mai daɗi" tare da "fim mai faɗi da nishadantarwa".<ref>Hilditch, Nick (March 16, 2001). "BBC – Films – review – Parenthood". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1990, Reeves ya ba da wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu; ya zana wani dan wasan da bai dace ba a cikin bakar barkwanci ''I Love You to'' ''Death,'' kuma ya buga Martin, ma'aikacin gidan rediyo a cikin shirin barkwanci ''Tune in Tomorrow''. Ya kuma fito a cikin faifan bidiyo na waƙar Paula Abdul na ''Rush Rush'' wanda ya ƙunshi wani ''Rebel'' ''Without a Cause'' motif, tare da shi a cikin rawar James Dean.<ref>"Cinematic music videos: Paula Abdul's ''Rush, Rush''". ''EW.com''. October 3, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> '''1991–1994: Ci gaba tare da manyan ayyuka''' A shekarar 1991, Reeves yayi tauraro a ''Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey'', mabiyi ga ''Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure'', tare da abokin aikin sa Alex Winter. Michael Wilmington na Los Angeles Times ya rubuta cewa jerin abubuwan sun kasance "mafi hazaka, yanci kuma mafi yanci, mafi ban sha'awa da gani", yana yaba wa ƴan wasan saboda wasan kwaikwayonsu na "cikakku".<ref>Wilmington, Michael (July 19, 1991). "Movie Review : Bill & Ted's Excellent Sequel". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on April 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya yi tunanin cewa "hargitsi ne na ƙirƙira na gani da ban dariya wanda ke aiki a kan matakin da aka zaɓa na ''sub-moronic'' [...] Yana da irin fim din da ka fara ''snickering'' duk da kanka, kuma ya ƙare a zahiri sha'awar. Asalin da ya shiga cikin samar da wannan mari mai rugujewa<ref>Ebert, Roger. "Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey movie review (1991) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Sauran 1991 sun nuna gagarumin canji ga aikin Reeves yayin da yake gudanar da ayyukan manyan Haɗin gwiwa tare da ''River Phoenix'' a matsayin ɗan tseren titi a cikin kasada ''My Own Private Idaho'', Taurarin sun fara tafiyar suce ta gano sirri. Gus Van Sant ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma an yi sako-sako da shi akan ''Shakespeare's Henry IV'', Sashe na 1, Henry IV, Sashe na 2, da Henry V. Fim ɗin da aka fara a bikin Fina-Finai na Duniya na Venice na 48, <ref>Kennedy, Harlan (1991). "Venice Film Festival – 1991 – By Harlan Kennedy". ''American Cinema Papers''. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.</ref> ya biyo bayan sakin wasan kwaikwayo. a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1991. Fim ɗin ya sami dala miliyan 6.4 a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"My Own Private Idaho". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ''My Own Private Idaho'' ya sami kyakkyawar karbuwa, tare da Owen Gleiberman na Nishaɗi na mako-mako yana kwatanta fim ɗin a matsayin " "''a postmodern road'' ''movie with a mood of'' f''ree-floating, trance-like despair ... a rich, audacious experience''". ''The New York Times'' complimented Reeves ''and Phoenix''"<ref>Gleiberman, Owen (October 11, 1991). "My Own Private Idaho". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da Phoenix saboda rawar da suka taka.<ref>Canby, Vincent (September 27, 1991). "Reviews/Film Festival; A Road Movie About Male Hustlers". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya yi tauraro tare da Patrick Swayze, Lori Petty da Gary Busey a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Point Break (1991), wanda Kathryn Bigelow ya jagoranta. Yana wasa da wani jami'in FBI a boye wanda aka dorawa alhakin binciken sahihancin gungun barayin banki. Don shirye-shiryen fim ɗin, Reeves da abokan aikinsa sun ɗauki darussan hawan igiyar ruwa tare da ƙwararrun mai hawan igiyar ruwa Dennis Jarvis a Hawaii; Reeves bai taba yin hawan igiyar ruwa a da ba.<ref>"''Point Break'' DVD Liner Notes". ''Point Break: Pure Adrenaline Edition''. 20th Century Fox. 2006.</ref> Bayan fitowarta, Point Break gabaɗaya ya sami karɓuwa sosai, kuma an sami nasarar kasuwanci, yana samun $83.5 miliyan a ofishin akwatin.<ref>"Point Break". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> The New York Times ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves saboda "kyakkyawan horo da kewayon", ya kara da cewa, "Yana tafiya cikin sauƙi a tsakanin maɓalli mai maɓalli wanda ya dace da labarin tsarin 'yan sanda da kuma saɓanin yanayin haɗin gwiwa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo".<ref>Maslin, Janet (July 12, 1991). "Review/Film; Surf's Up For F.B.I. In Bigelow's 'Point Break'". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Da yake rubuta wa jaridar Washington Post, Hal Hinson ya kira Reeves da "cikakkiyar zabi" kuma ya yaba da yanayin wasan hawan igiyar ruwa, amma ya ce "masu shirya fina-finai suna da halayensu suna yin zaɓen da ba a iya fahimta ba."<ref>Hinson, Hal (July 21, 1991). "'Point Break' (R)". ''The Washington Post''. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> A ''MTV Movie Awards'' na 1992, Reeves ya sami lambar yabo na Namiji Mafi Birgewa.<ref>"Movie Awards 1992 – MTV Movie Awards". ''MTV''. Archived from the original on September 10, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 1991, Reeves ya haɓaka sha'awar aikin kiɗa; ya kafa madadin rukunin dutsen mai suna Dogstar, wanda ya ƙunshi membobin Robert Mailhouse, Gregg Miller da Bret Domrose. Reeves ya buga ''guitar bass''. Bayan shekara guda, ya buga Jonathan Harker a cikin Francis Ford Coppola's Gothic tsoro Bram Stoker's Dracula, dangane da littafin ''Stoker's 1897 Dracula''. Fim ɗin tare da Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder da Anthony Hopkins, fim ɗin ya yi nasara sosai kuma a kasuwa. Ya samu dala miliyan 215.8 a duk duniya.<ref>"Bram Stoker's Dracula". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don rawar da ya taka, an bukaci Reeves ya yi magana da harshen Ingilishi, wanda ya jawo ba'a; Limara Salt na Budurwa Media ya rubuta: "Mafi girman kai da ban dariya, aikin Reeves yana da zafi kamar yadda yake ban dariya." A cikin wata hira da aka yi a baya a cikin 2015, darektan Coppola ya ce, "[Reeves] ya yi ƙoƙari sosai [...] Ya so ya yi shi daidai kuma a cikin ƙoƙarin yin shi na ya yi daidai, ya fito kamar yadda aka yi shi."<ref>McGovern, Joe (October 16, 2015). "Francis Ford Coppola remembers 'Dracula,' firing his special effects crew, and Keanu Reeves' accent". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on February 5, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> An zabi Bram Stoker's Dracula don lambar yabo ta Academy guda hudu, wanda ya lashe uku a cikin Mafi kyawun Kayan Kaya, Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun kayan shafa. Fim din ya kuma sami nadin nadi hudu a lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Burtaniya.<ref>"Film in 1994 | BAFTA Awards". ''awards.bafta.org''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A cikin 1993, yana da rawa a cikin ''Much Ado About Nothing'', bisa ga wasan Shakespeare mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan bita, <ref>"Much Ado About Nothing (1993)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> ko da yake an zaɓi Reeves don lambar yabo ta Golden Raspberry Award don Mummunan Jarumin Tallafawa.<ref>"Sliver,' 'Indecent Proposal' favored for Razzies". ''UPI''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Mujallar sabuwar jamhuriyar ta yi tunanin yin wasan kwaikwayon nasa "ba abin sa'a ba ne" saboda wasan kwaikwayonsa na mai son.<ref>Kauffmann, Stanley (May 10, 1993). "Stars Dance". ''The New Republic''. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on April 30, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya yi tauraro a cikin ƙarin fina-finan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, Ko da ''Cowgirls Get the Blues'' da ''Little'' ''Buddha'', dukansu sun sami liyafar gauraye da mara kyau.<ref>"Little Buddha (1994)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 6, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar mai zaman kansa ya ba wa ''Little Buddha'' sharhi gauraye amma ya yanke shawarar cewa sashin Reeves a matsayin yarima “abin yarda ne”<ref>Johnston, Sheila (April 29, 1994). "Film / And Buddha makes three: Little Buddha: Sheila Johnston on the conclusion of Bernardo Bertolucci's 'oriental trilogy', Little Buddha, a film that treads the 'Middle Way'". ''The Independent''. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin kuma ya bar tasiri a kan Reeves; daga baya ya ce: "Lokacin da na yi wasa da wannan basarake mara laifi wanda ya fara zargin wani abu a lokacin da ya fara wahayi game da tsufa, cuta da mutuwa, ya same ni. [...] Wannan darasin bai taba barina ba" <ref>"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan ''Speed'' ​​(1994) tare da Sandra Bullock da Dennis Hopper. Yana wasa da dan sanda Jack Traven, wanda dole ne ya hana motar bas fashewa ta hanyar kiyaye saurinta sama da 50 mph. Speed ​​shine farkon darakta na daraktan Dutch Jan de Bont. An yi la'akari da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a matsayin jagora, amma an zaɓi Reeves saboda Bont ya ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayonsa na ''Point Break''.<ref name=":1">Gerosa, Melissa (June 10, 1994). "Keanu Reeves, the next action star?". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Don duba sashin, Reeves ya aske duk gashin kansa kuma ya shafe watanni biyu a dakin motsa jiki don samun yawan tsoka. A lokacin samarwa, abokin Reeves ''River Phoenix'' (kuma abokin aikina a ''My Own Private Idaho'') ya mutu, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare ga jadawalin yin fim don ba shi damar yin baƙin ciki.<ref name=":1" /> An saki ''Speed'' ​​​​a ranar 10 ga Yuni don amsa da yabo. ''Gene Siskel'' na ''Chicago Tribune'' ya yaba wa Reeves, inda ya kira shi "Mai cikakkiyan kwarjini [...] yana ba da wasan kwaikwayo tare da farin ciki yayin da yake tsalle ta ramukan lif [...] da kuma saman jirgin karkashin kasa".<ref>Siskel, Gene (June 10, 1994). "'Speed' gets rolling quickly and never starts to slow down". ''chicagotribune.com''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> David Ansen, wanda ya rubuta wa Newsweek, ya taƙaita ''Speed'' ​​kamar yadda, "Ba tare da jurewa ba, wannan wata alama ce ta ''blockbuster'' wanda ba ya jin girma ga britches. Yana da abokantaka na abokantaka"<ref>Ansen, David (June 12, 1994). "Goodbye, Airhead". ''Newsweek''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Fim ɗin ya tara dala miliyan 350 daga kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 30 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta ''Academy'' guda biyu a cikin 1995 - Mafi kyawun Gyara Sauti da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"Speed". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> '''1995–1998: Canjin aiki''' Matsayin jagora na gaba na Reeves ya zo a cikin 1995 ''cyberpunk action thriller Johnny Mnemonic'', wanda mai zane Robert Longo ya jagoranta kuma bisa labarin 1981 na sunan iri ɗaya na William Gibson. An saita a cikin 2021, game da mutumin da ke da kwakwalwar kwakwalwar intanet kuma dole ne ya ba da kunshin bayanai kafin ya mutu ko kuma yakuza ya kashe shi. Fim ɗin ya sami babban sharhi mara kyau kuma masu suka suna jin cewa Reeves ya kasance "babban kuskure".<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 7, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Roger Ebert ya yanke shawarar cewa fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin "manyan abubuwan ban sha'awa na cinema na baya-bayan nan, fim ɗin da bai cancanci yin nazari mai zurfi ba amma yana da wani nau'i na girman kai wanda ke sa ku kusan gafartawa."<ref>Ebert, Roger (May 26, 1995). "Johnny Mnemonic". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2022.</ref> na yunƙurin tallace-tallacen ɗakin studio, an kuma fitar da wasan bidiyo na CD-ROM.<ref>"Johnny Mnemonic". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya mai suna A Walk in the Clouds (1995), wanda kuma ya tattara ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa mara kyau.<ref>"A Walk in the Clouds (1995)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana wasa da wani matashin soja da ya dawo gida daga yakin duniya na biyu, yana ƙoƙari ya zauna da wata mata da ya aura da gangan kafin ya shiga. Mawallafin fim Mick LaSalle ya yanke shawarar cewa "Tafiya a cikin gajimare shine mafi yawan bangare kyakkyawan hoto ne mai kyau, da kyau da kuma arziƙi", yayin da Hal Hinson daga The Washington Post ya ce, "Fim ɗin yana da syrupy, Kodak sihiri-lokacin kallo. na wani fim din Bo Derek, kuma kusan matakin abu iri ɗaya ne.<ref>LaSalle, Mick (August 11, 1995). "Movie Review / Reeves Takes 'Walk' And Runs With It". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref> Bayan aikin fim, Reeves ya ja da baya a taƙaice zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa Prince Hamlet a cikin 1995 Manitoba ''Theatre Cente''r na Hamlet a Winnipeg, Manitoba.<ref>"Manitoba Theatre Centre: News". Mtc.mb.ca. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.</ref> Dan sukar jaridar ''Sunday Times Roger'' Lewis ya yi imani da irin rawar da ya taka, inda ya rubuta cewa "ya kunshi rashin laifi, fushi mai girman gaske, alherin dabbobi na tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki, tashin hankali, wanda ya zama Yariman Denmark ... Yana daya daga cikin manyan mutane. Hamlet uku da na gani, saboda wani dalili mai sauki: shi Hamlet ne”<ref>''Vanity Fair'' Volume 58, 1995.</ref>. Ba da daɗewa ba an jawo Reeves zuwa ayyukan almara na kimiyya, yana fitowa a cikin Chain Reaction (1996) tare da abokan haɗin gwiwar Morgan Freeman, Rachel Weisz, Fred Ward, Kevin Dunn da Brian Cox. Yana wasa mai bincike na aikin makamashin kore, wanda dole ne ya ci gaba da gudu lokacin da aka tsara shi don kisan kai. Ra'ayin Sarkar ba babban nasara ba ne kuma ya sami mafi yawan mummunan martani; review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes ya ba shi kima na 16% kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa na mutum-kan-kan-gudu wanda galibi ya manne da tsarin tsari".<ref>"Chain Reaction (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on November 6, 2019, retrieved April 12, 2020.</ref>. Zaɓuɓɓukan fim ɗin Reeves bayan Chain Reaction suma sun kasance masu takaici. Ya yi tauraro a cikin wasan barkwanci mai zaman kansa na Feeling Minnesota (1996), tare da Vincent D'Onofrio da Cameron Diaz, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "wanda aka taru a hankali, kuma ba daidai ba" ta Tumatir Rotten.<ref>"Feeling Minnesota (1996)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on September 20, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya ki amincewa da tayin da aka yi masa don tauraro a cikin Speed ​​2: Cruise Control, duk da cewa ana ba shi albashin dala miliyan 12.<ref>Portman, Jamie (September 13, 1996). "Keanu not sequel to the task". ''Montreal Gazette''. p. C3.</ref> A cewar Reeves, wannan shawarar ta sa ''Fox Century'' na 20 ya yanke alaka da shi tsawon shekaru goma.<ref>Pappademos, Alex (April 15, 2019). "The Legend of Keanu Reeves". ''GQ''. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2019.</ref> Madadin haka, Reeves ya zagaya tare da ƙungiyar sa Dogstar, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lokacin Ƙarshe da Na Yi Kisa (1997), dangane da wasiƙar 1950 da Neal Cassady ya rubuta zuwa Jack Kerouac. Ayyukan Reeves sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban; Paul Tatara na CNN ya kira shi "rashin basira [...] ga shi kuma, yana karanta layinsa kamar kalmomin da ba su da alaka da su hade tare a matsayin aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya", <ref>Tatara, Paul (July 10, 1997). "CNN – Letter to Kerouac provides thin basis for 'Suicide' – July 10, 1997". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> yayin da mujallar Empire ta yi tunanin "Reeves yana ba da kyauta". Abu mafi kusa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin aikinsa a matsayin mai sha'awar maye "<ref>Smith, Adam (January 1, 2000). "The Last Time I Committed Suicide". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Ya yi tauraro a cikin 1997 allahntaka firgita mai ba da Shaidan tare da Al Pacino da Charlize Theron; Reeves ya amince a rage albashin dala miliyan da dama domin shirin fim ya samu damar daukar Pacino.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da littafin Andrew Neiderman mai suna iri ɗaya, fasalin yana game da wani matashin lauya mai nasara wanda aka gayyata zuwa birnin New York don yin aiki da babban kamfani, wanda ya gano mai kamfanin shaidan ne. Lauyan Iblis ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga masu suka<ref>"The Devil's Advocate (1997)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Wani mai sukar fim James Berardinelli ya kira fim ɗin "mai daɗi sosai" kuma ya rubuta cewa, "Akwai lokacin da Reeves ya rasa dabarar da za ta sa wannan ya zama hoto mai nau'i-nau'i, amma duk da haka aiki ne mai ƙarfi" <ref>Berardinelli, James (1997). "Review: The Devil's Advocate". ''preview.reelviews.net''. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>.. '''1999 – 2004: Tadawa tare da ikon amfani da ikon mallakar Matrix da wasan kwaikwayo''' A cikin 1999, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin fitaccen fim ɗin almara na kimiyya The Matrix, kashi na farko a cikin abin da zai zama ikon amfani da sunan Matrix.<ref>"The Matrix (1999): Reviews". ''Metacritic''. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya zayyana mawallafin kwamfuta Thomas Anderson, dan dandatsa mai amfani da sunan "Neo", wanda ya gano cewa dan Adam ya makale a cikin gaskiyar da aka kwaikwayi ta hanyar injuna masu hankali. Don shirya fim ɗin, wanda Wachowskis ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Reeves ya karanta Kevin Kelly's Out of Control: Sabon Biology of Machines, Social Systems, da Duniyar Tattalin Arziki, da kuma ra'ayoyin Dylan Evans akan ilimin halin ɗan adam. Babban ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping ta yi amfani da su don shiryawa a fagen fama.<ref>Godoski, Andrew (February 5, 2013). "Under The Influence: The Matrix – Screened". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Matrix ya tabbatar da nasarar ofishin akwatin; masu suka da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fina-finan almara na kimiyya na kowane lokaci.<ref>"The Sci-Fi 25 | 25 | Countdown! | Movies | Sci-Fi Central". ''Entertainment Weekly''. May 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Kenneth Turan na Los Angeles Times ya ji cewa "wani ɗan wasan fim ne mai ban sha'awa a nan gaba wanda ya ƙudurta ya shawo kan tunanin", duk da raunin da ya samu a tattaunawar fim ɗin.<ref name=":2">Turan, Kenneth (March 31, 1999). "An Apocalypse of Kinetic Joy". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Janet Maslin ta jaridar New York Times ta yabawa Reeves da kasancewarsa "kyakkyawan samfurin Prada na jarumar wasan kwaikwayo", kuma ta yi tunanin wasan kwaikwayo na martial art shine mafi kyawun fasalin fim ɗin.<ref name=":2" /> Matrix ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Gyaran Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyaran Sauti, Mafi kyawun Tasirin gani, da Mafi kyawun Sauti.<ref>"The 72nd Academy Awards | 2000". ''Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Bayan nasarar The Matrix, Reeves ya guje wa wani blockbuster don goyon bayan wani wasan barkwanci mai sauƙin zuciya, The Replacements (2000). Ya amince a rage albashi don baiwa Gene Hackman damar yin tauraro a fim ɗin.<ref>"Keanu Gives Up 'Matrix' Money". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.</ref> Dangane da burinsa, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin mai ban sha'awa The Watcher (2000), yana wasa mai kisa wanda ke bin wani wakilin FBI mai ritaya. Ya ce wani abokinsa ya yi karyar sa hannun kan kwangilar, wanda bai iya tabbatar da hakan ba; ya fito a cikin fim din ne don gujewa daukar matakin shari’a<ref>"Keanu: I was tricked into making film". ''The Guardian''. September 11, 2001. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Bayan fitowar shi, fim ɗin ya cika da ban mamaki.<ref>"The Watcher (2000)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> A wannan shekarar, yana da rawar goyon baya a cikin wani mai ban sha'awa, Kyautar Sam Raimi, labari game da wata mace (Cate Blanchett ta buga) tare da tsinkaye mai zurfi da aka nemi ta taimaka wajen nemo wata budurwa da ta bace. Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 44 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Gift". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani mai sukar fim Paul Clinton na CNN ya yi tunanin fim ɗin ya kasance mai tursasawa sosai, yana mai cewa game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves: "[Raimi] ya sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga Reeves wanda kawai lokaci-lokaci yana jin kamar yana karanta layinsa daga bayan akwatin hatsi."<ref>Clinton, Paul (January 19, 2001). "CNN.com – Entertainment – 'The Gift' a satisfying scare – January 19, 2001". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2001, reesive ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma karɓar matsayi a kewayon kewayon nau'ikan. Na farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, Sweet Nuwamba, sake yin fim ɗin 1968 mai suna iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne haɗin gwiwarsa na biyu tare da Charlize Theron; Fim ɗin ya gamu da mummunar liyafar gaba ɗaya.<ref>"Sweet November (2001)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 4, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Desson Thompson na jaridar Washington Post ya soki shi saboda "karfinta na sirup, hikimar katin gaisuwa da kuma abin ban takaici", amma ya yaba wa Reeves saboda abin da ya fi so a cikin kowane wasan kwaikwayo da yake bayarwa.<ref>Howe, Desson (February 16, 2001). "'Sweet November': Sugar Shock". ''www.washingtonpost.com''. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Hardball (2001) ya nuna ƙoƙarin Reeves a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na wasanni. Brian Robbins ne ya jagoranta, ya dogara ne akan littafin Hardball: A Season in the Projects by Daniel Coyle. Reeves yana wasa Conor O'Neill, wani matashi mai cike da damuwa wanda ya yarda ya horar da ƙungiyar Little League daga aikin gidaje na Cabrini Green a Chicago a matsayin sharadi na samun lamuni. Mawallafin fim Roger Ebert ya lura da sha'awar fim ɗin don magance batutuwa masu wahala da horar da wasan ƙwallon baseball, amma yana jin ba shi da zurfin zurfi, kuma aikin Reeves ya kasance "mai nisa da nisa".<ref>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2001). "Hardball movie review & film summary (2001) | Roger Ebert". ''www.rogerebert.com''. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ƙwararrun sana'ar kiɗan sa ta ƙare lokacin da Dogstar ya watse. Ƙungiyar ta saki albam guda biyu a cikin shekaru goma tare; Karamin hangen nesanmu a 1996 da Ƙarshen Farin Ciki a 2000.<ref>"Dogstar: Keanu Reeves' Grunge Band You Need To Listen To ASAP". ''culturacolectiva.com''. June 28, 2019. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani lokaci bayan haka, Reeves ya yi a cikin ƙungiyar Becky har tsawon shekara guda, wanda Dogstar band-mate Rob Mailhouse ya kafa, amma ya bar cikin 2005, yana mai nuni da rashin sha'awar babbar sana'ar kiɗa.<ref>Fothergill, Lucas (July 14, 2015). "I Was in a Band With Keanu Reeves". ''Vice''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Bayan ba ya nan daga allon a cikin 2002, Reeves ya dawo zuwa jerin Matrix a cikin 2003 tare da The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, wanda aka saki a watan Mayu da Nuwamba, bi da bi. An kammala babban ɗaukar hoto na fina-finai biyu baya-baya, da farko a Fox Studios a Ostiraliya.<ref>"Sydney sci-fi fans rush to re-enter the Matrix". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. May 11, 2003. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.</ref> Matrix Reloaded ya tattara mafi yawa m reviews; John Powers na LA Mako-mako ya yaba da "Pirotechnics mai ban sha'awa" amma ya yi suka game da wasu wuraren aiki irin na na'ura. Na wasan kwaikwayo na Reeves, Powers ya ɗauka cewa yana da ɗan "kashi" amma yana jin yana da ikon "fito da ƙayataccen aura"<ref>Powers, John (May 15, 2003). "Stuck in the middle with Neo". ''LA Weekly''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Andrew Walker, wanda ya rubuta wa ma'aunin Maraice, ya yaba da fina-finai ("a gani yana ba da cikakkiyar ƙima a matsayin motsa jiki na virtuoso don hankalin ku") amma "falsafar kantin dime-store" na fim ɗin ba ta ɗauke shi ba.<ref>Walker, Alexander (May 16, 2003). "Amazing Matrix". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 739 a duk duniya.<ref>"The Matrix Reloaded". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Juyin Juyin Halitta na Matrix, kashi na uku, an gamu da liyafar cakuɗaɗe. A cewar mai tara Tumatir Rotten Tomatoes, yarjejeniya ita ce cewa "halaye da ra'ayoyin sun koma baya ga tasirin musamman"<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on June 27, 2019, retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref>. Paul Clinton, wanda ya rubuta wa CNN, ya yaba da tasirin musamman amma ya ji halin Reeves bai mai da hankali ba.<ref>Clinton, Paul (November 6, 2003). "CNN.com – Review: 'Matrix' a waste of good technology – Nov. 6, 2003". ''CNN''. Archived from the original on November 27, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Sabanin haka, San Francisco Chronicle's Carla Meyer ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci ga tasirin na musamman, yana rubuta, "[Watchowskis] Hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta yana fitowa daga ban mamaki har zuwa mutuwa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da makamai masu nauyi, da makamai masu banƙyama a kan motsa jiki-arts wanda ya burge. masu kallon The Matrix da The Matrix Reloaded." <ref>Meyer, Carla (November 5, 2003). "The final installment of the Wachowski brothers' science fiction epic features cheesy computer-generated imagery and stodgy action sequences. It is 'The Matrix Disappoints.'". ''SFGate''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, fim din ya samu lafiya dala miliyan 427 a duk duniya, ko da yake kasa da fina-finai guda biyu da suka gabata.<ref>"The Matrix Revolutions". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Something's Gotta Give, wasan barkwanci na soyayya, shine fitowar Reeves na ƙarshe na 2003. Ya haɗu tare da Jack Nicholson da Diane Keaton, kuma ya taka Dr. Julian Mercer a cikin fim ɗin. Bayar da wani abu ya sami kyakkyawan nazari gabaɗaya.<ref>"Something's Gotta Give (2003)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on May 23, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> '''2005–2013: Masu ban sha'awa, raye-raye da fitowar darakta''' n 2005, Reeves ya taka rawa a cikin Constantine, wani fim mai gano asiri, game da mutumin da ke da ikon fahimta da sadarwa tare da rabin mala'iku da rabin aljanu. Fim ɗin ya kasance abin girmamawa ga akwatin ofis, inda ya sami $230 miliyan a duk duniya daga kasafin kuɗi na $ 100 miliyan amma ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu gauraya zuwa ga gaskiya.<ref>"Constantine (2005)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 26, 2019, retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Mai sukar jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ta rubuta cewa "Constantine ba shi da kyau, amma bai cancanci kowane sifa mai mahimmanci ba. Yana da lokaci-lokaci cheesy, wani lokacin jin daɗi, mai ban tsoro, kuma kullun yana spiked tare da blatherskite na sama"<ref>Moses, Alexa (October 4, 2005). "Constantine". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Daga baya ya fito a cikin Thumbsucker, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Sundance a 2005.<ref>Scott, A.O. (September 16, 2005). "A Teenager With an Embarrassing Habit Finds Transformation Through Ritalin". ''The New York Times''. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Wani wasan barkwanci da aka samo daga littafin Walter Kirn na 1999 mai suna iri ɗaya, labarin ya biyo bayan wani yaro mai matsalar tsotsawar yatsa. Reeves da ƙwararrun Reeves ta kwatanta, tare da The Washington Post suna siffanta shi a matsayin "wasa a hankali game da sauye-sauye na motsin rai cike da kyawawan wurare na kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo a hankali".<ref>Thomson, Desson (September 30, 2005). "Delightful Dysfunction". ''The Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Richard Linklater-directed raye-rayen almara kimiyya mai ban sha'awa A Scanner Darkly, wanda aka fara a bikin Fim na Cannes na 2006.<ref>"Festival de Cannes – From 15 to 26 May 2013". October 11, 2012. Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya buga Bob Arctor/Fred, wakili a ɓoye a cikin dystopia na gaba a ƙarƙashin sa ido na fasaha na 'yan sanda. Bisa ga littafin labari na wannan suna na Philip K. Dick, fim ɗin ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin.<ref>"A Scanner Darkly". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on January 30, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>Duk da haka, fim ɗin ya ja hankalin masu sharhi gabaɗaya; Paul Arendt na BBC ya yi tunanin fim din ya kasance "kyakkyawan kallo", amma Reeves ya fice daga abokin aikinsa Robert Downey Jr.<ref>Arendt, Paul (August 17, 2006). "BBC – Movies – review – A Scanner Darkly". ''www.bbc.co.uk''. Archived from the original on September 19, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref>. Matsayinsa na gaba shine Alex Wyler a cikin Gidan Lake (2006), wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na fim ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Il Mare (2000), wanda ya sake haɗa shi da Sandra Bullock. Duk da nasarar da ya samu a ofishin akwatin, <ref>"The Lake House". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</ref> Mark Kermode na The Guardian ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci, yana rubuta "wannan abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na allahntaka ya sami wauta a matakin kasa da kasa na gaske [...] Lokaci na ƙarshe da Bullock da Reeves suka kasance tare akan allo sakamakon sakamakon. Ya kamata a ce wannan ya kasance mai taken Tsayawa.<ref>Kermode, Mark (June 25, 2006). "The Lake House". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshen 2006, ya haɗu da Babban Warming tare da Alanis Morissette, wani shirin gaskiya game da rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Kern, Laura (November 3, 2006). "A Straightforward Look at Our Changing World". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Na gaba a cikin 2008, Reeves ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da darekta David Ayer kan laifin mai ban sha'awa Street Kings. Ya buga wani dan sanda a boye wanda dole ne ya share sunansa bayan mutuwar wani jami'in. Fim ɗin wanda aka fitar a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya samu matsakaicin dala miliyan 66 a duk duniya.<ref>"Street Kings". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Matsalolin fim ɗin da aikin Reeves, duk da haka, an gamu da mafi yawan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi. Paul Byrnes na jaridar The Sydney Morning Herald ya bayyana cewa, “Yana cike da jujjuyawa da juyi, gawa a cikin kowane dunƙule, amma ba shi da wahala a gano wanda ke cin amanar wane, kuma hakan bai isa ba”<ref>Byrnes, Paul (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. The Guardian ya yanke shawarar cewa "Reeves ba komai bane kuma ba shi da sha'awa"<ref>Bradshaw, Peter (April 17, 2008). "Street Kings". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, Ranar Duniya ta Tsaya, daidaitawar fim ɗin 1951 mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya kwatanta Klaatu, baƙon da aka aiko daga sararin samaniya don ƙoƙarin canza halayen ɗan adam ko kawar da mutane saboda tasirin muhallinsu. A 2009 Razzie Awards, an zaɓi fim ɗin don Mafi kyawun Prequel, Remake, Rip-off ko Sequel.<ref>WELT (January 22, 2009). "2009 Razzies : Golden Raspberry Awards list of nominees". ''Die Welt''. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Yawancin masu sukar ba su gamsu da amfani da tasiri na musamman ba; The Telegraph ya yaba da ikon Reeves na shiga cikin masu sauraro, amma yana tunanin fim ɗin yana da ban tsoro kuma "laccar yanayi na sub-Al-Gore ta bar ku da haske tare da tedium".<ref>Robey, Tim (December 11, 2008). "The Day the Earth Stood Still and Dean Spanley – review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. Rayuwar Keɓaɓɓen Rebecca Miller na Pippa Lee shine sakin Reeves kaɗai na 2009, wanda aka fara a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 59th Berlin.<ref>"The Private Lives of Pippa Lee". ''Film file''. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Wasan barkwanci na soyayya da tarinsa sun sami kyakkyawan bita daga The Telegraph's David Gritten; "Fim din Miller nasara ne. An yi aiki da kyau a cikin tsari, yana ɗaukar rubutun ilimin tunani, wanda mai hankali, mai dagewa ya rubuta a fili"<ref>Gritten, David (September 7, 2009). "The Private Lives of Pippa Lee, review". ''The Daily Telegraph''. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A cikin 2010, ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan barkwanci na soyayya, Laifin Henry, game da mutumin da aka sake shi daga kurkuku saboda laifin da bai aikata ba, amma sai ya kai hari banki guda tare da tsohon abokin zamansa. Fim ɗin ba bugu ba ne.<ref>"Henry's Crime". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Aikin Reeves kawai a cikin 2011 shine babban littafin hoto mai suna Ode to Farin Ciki, wanda ya rubuta, wanda misalin Alexandra Grant ya cika.<ref>Hassan, Genevieve (June 22, 2011). "Keanu Reeves' Ode to Happiness". ''BBC News''. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> Reeves ya hada-hada kuma ya bayyana a cikin wani shirin gaskiya na 2012, Side by Side. Ya yi hira da 'yan fim da suka hada da James Cameron, Martin Scorsese, da Christopher Nolan; fasalin ya bincika ƙirƙirar fina-finai na dijital da na hoto.<ref>Scott, A. O. (August 30, 2012). "Finding Drama in Newfangled Filmmaking". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Bayan haka, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin Generation Um... (2012), wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa wanda aka firgita sosai.<ref>"Generation Um... (2013)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on December 25, 2019, retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> A cikin 2013, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin nasa na farko na darakta, fim ɗin Martial Arts Man of Tai Chi. Fim ɗin yana tattaunawa da harsuna da yawa kuma yana bin wani saurayi da aka zana zuwa ƙungiyar yaƙi ta ƙasa, wanda wani ɗan lokaci ya yi wahayi daga rayuwar abokin Reeves Tiger Chen. An yi babban daukar hoto a China da Hong Kong. Yuen Woo-ping, mawaƙin mawaƙin fim ɗin The Matrix ya taimaka wa Reeves.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Mutumin Tai Chi ya fara fitowa a bikin fina-finai na Beijing da bikin fina-finai na Cannes, <ref>Davidson, Mike (May 20, 2013). "Keanu Reeves makes director debut with modern Kung Fu film". ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</ref> kuma ya sami yabo daga darakta John Woo.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi (2013)". ''Kung-fu Kingdom''. April 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Amsa mai fadi, mai dumi ta biyo baya; Bilge Ebiri na Vulture ya yi tunanin cewa jerin gwanon an “haɗe da kyau”, kuma Reeves ya nuna kamun kai tare da gyara fim ɗin don gabatar da jerin motsin mayakan.<ref>Ebiri, Bilge (November 1, 2013). "Ebiri on Keanu Reeves's Man of Tai Chi: Neo Becomes Agent Smith". ''Vulture''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>The Los Angeles Times ya rubuta, "Salon harbi mai tsananin gaske Reeves yana aiki don yin fim ɗin ƙwararrun mawaƙa Yuen Woo-ping. ake kira fim din “mai buri amma gama gari”<ref>McGinn, David (May 11, 2018). "Man of Tai Chi: Keanu Reeves's martial-arts flick lacks punch". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. A ofishin akwatin, Man of Tai Chi ya kasance abin takaici na kasuwanci, inda ya samu dala miliyan 5.5 kacal a duk duniya daga kasafin dala miliyan 25.<ref>"Man of Tai Chi". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2013, Reeves ya buga Kai a cikin 3D fantasy 47 Ronin, tatsuniya na Jafananci game da rukunin samurai ɗan damfara. An kaddamar da fim din a Japan amma ya kasa samun jan hankali da masu kallo; sake dubawa ba su da kyau, yana haifar da Hotunan Universal don rage tallan fim ɗin a wani wuri. 47 Ronin ya kasance babban akwatin ofishin flop kuma yawanci ba a karɓa ba. '''2014–2022: Tadawa tare da John Wick''' Bayan wannan jerin gazawar kasuwanci, aikin Reeves ya sake dawowa a cikin 2014. Ya taka rawar take a cikin wasan kwaikwayo John Wick, wanda Chad Stahelski ya jagoranta. A cikin kashi na farko na ''John Wick'' ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, Reeves ya buga wani dan wasan da ya yi ritaya yana neman daukar fansa. Ya yi aiki tare da marubucin allo don haɓaka labarin; "Dukkanmu mun amince da yuwuwar aikin. Ina son rawar, amma kuna son labarin gaba daya, duka rukunin ya zo rayuwa," in ji Reeves.<ref>"Keanu Reeves plays hitman in 'John Wick' – Surprises with unexpected use of artillery in action scenes". ''Inquirer Movies''. December 19, 2014. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> An yi fim ɗin a wurin da ke yankin New York City, an fitar da fim ɗin a ƙarshe a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Amurka.<ref>Kilday, Gregg (October 14, 2014). "Bridget Moynahan Joins Keanu Reeves Thriller 'John Wick'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>Mai ba da rahoto na Hollywood ya burge shi da "tabbatacce, aikin farko na aikin tsoka", da Reeves na "ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce" na darektan, wanda ke nuna komawar sa ga salon aikin.<ref>Lowe, Justin (October 22, 2014). "'John Wick': Film Review". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Jeannette Catsoulis na jaridar The New York Times ya yaba da yanayin gwagwarmayar Reeves kuma ya rubuta cewa yana "koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ayyukan da ke buƙatar sanyi fiye da zafi, hali kan motsin rai".<ref>Catsoulis, Jeannette (October 23, 2014). "Pet's Slaughter Uncorks a Latent Inner Assassin". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref>. John Wick ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama nasara a ofishin akwatin, inda ya tara dala miliyan 86 a duk duniya.<ref>"John Wick". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</ref> Bayan haka, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin ƙaramin sikelin ban tsoro, ''Knock Knock'' (2015), sake yin ''Death Game'' (1977, wanda aka yi fim 1974). An kwatanta shi da "lalacewar sama" ta Toronto Star, Reeves yana wasa uba, gida shi kaɗai, lokacin da wasu mata biyu suka fito suka fara wasan kyanwa da linzamin kwamfuta.<ref>Howell, Peter (October 8, 2015). "Reel Brief: Mini reviews of 99 Homes, Knock Knock, The Forbidden Room, Labyrinth of Lies, This Changes Everything". ''Toronto Star''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sauran abubuwan da ya sake fitowa a cikin 2015 sune shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen Deep Web, game da aikata laifuka akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu, da Mifune: Samurai na ƙarshe, game da rayuwar ɗan wasan Jafananci (Toshiro Mifune) wanda ya shahara don wasa haruffa samurai. Ya ruwaito dukkan fina-finan.<ref>Leydon, Joe (June 1, 2015). "Film Review: 'Deep Web'". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Reeves ya fito a cikin fina-finai biyar da aka saki a cikin 2016. Na farko shi ne Exposed, wani laifi mai ban sha'awa game da wani jami'in bincike wanda ya binciki mutuwar abokinsa kuma ya gano cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda a hanya. Fim ɗin ya sami ra'ayi mara kyau don makircinsa mai ruɗani, kuma an soki Reeves don nuna iyakacin yanayin fuska.<ref>"Exposed (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on April 27, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Sakinsa na gaba, mai ban dariya Keanu, ya fi samun karbuwa<ref>"Keanu (2016)", ''Rotten Tomatoes'', archived from the original on July 28, 2019, retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. A cikinta ya furta kyanwar mai suna. Sannan Reeves yana da ƙaramin rawa a cikin The Neon Demon, wani tsoro na tunani wanda Nicolas Winding Refn ya jagoranta. Ya buga Hank, mai sha'awar motel wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na Jesse (Elle Fanning ya buga).<ref>Bray, Catherine (May 18, 2019). "The Neon Demon review | Sight & Sound". ''British Film Institute''. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A cikin sakinsa na huɗu, ya buga jagorar kwarjini na ''The Bad Batch''<ref>Pulver, Andrew (September 6, 2016). "The Bad Batch review: Keanu Reeves and Jim Carrey thrive in cannibal apocalypse". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref>. Sakinsa na ƙarshe na shekara shine Duk Gaskiya, yana nuna Gabriel Basso, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Renée Zellweger, da Jim Belushi. Ya buga Richard, lauyan tsaro. Noel Murray na A.V. Club ya bayyana shi a matsayin "madaidaicin wayo, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a ɗakin shari'a", tare da ƙwararrun mutane amma gabaɗaya fim ɗin "na al'ada".<ref>Murray, Noel (October 19, 2016). "An A-list cast and crew make a C+ courtroom drama with The Whole Truth". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves ya bayyana a cikin Dicks na Yaren mutanen Sweden, jerin talabijin na yanar gizo na yanayi biyu.<ref>Greene, Steve (August 10, 2017). "'Swedish Dicks' Review: Keanu Reeves is a Rare Highlight in a Detective Series Too Goofy for its Own Good". ''IndieWire''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2017, Reeves ya yarda ya sake mayar da aikinsa don wani mabiyi a cikin John Wick ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, John Wick: Babi na 2. Labarin yana ci gaba daga fim na farko kuma ya bi John Wick yayin da yake gudu lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta. Fim ɗin ya kasance nasara mai mahimmanci da kasuwanci, inda ya samu $171.5 miliyan a duk duniya, fiye da wanda ya riga shi.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 2". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> Chris Hewitt na Mujallar Empire ya yaba da aikin Reeves, wanda ya cika ayyukan da ya yi a baya (Shugaban Hutu da Sauri).<ref>Hewitt, Chris (February 6, 2017). "John Wick: Chapter Two". ''Empire''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref> Duk da haka, Justin Chang na Los Angeles Times ya kwatanta hoton a matsayin "hoton B-ƙasa-da-ƙazanta tare da ruhi mai A-hoton".<ref>Chang, Justin (February 9, 2017). "Review: Keanu Reeves knows gun-fu in the thrillingly disciplined 'John Wick: Chapter 2'". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bayan wannan babban sikelin, Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo, To the Bone, wanda a cikinsa ya buga wani likita yana taimakon wata budurwa mai fama da ciwon kai. An fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance na 2017<ref>"2017 Sundance Film Festival: Competition And Next Lineup Announced". ''www.sundance.org''. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref>. Bita na farko sun kasance tabbatacce, tare da yabo don nuna rashin kyan gani na anorexia, kodayake mujallar New Statesman tana tunanin ba ta da wani nauyi.<ref>Leszkiewicz, Anna (July 10, 2017). "Don't watch Netflix's To The Bone". ''www.newstatesman.com''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020.</ref> A waccan shekarar, Reeves ya kuma yi bayyanuwa a cikin fina-finan A Happening of Monumental Proportions da SPF-18.<ref>Roeper, Richard (September 23, 2018). "'A Happening of Monumental Proportions' wastes a deep cast of stars". ''Chicago Sun-Times''. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya sake haduwa tare da Winona Ryder a cikin 2018 ''comedy Destination Wedding'', game da baƙi bikin aure waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙaunar juna. Sun yi aiki tare a baya a Bram Stoker's Dracula, A Scanner Darkly da Rayuwar Masu zaman kansu na Pippa Lee. Reeves kuma ya yi aiki tare kuma ya yi tauraro a cikin raye-raye biyu. Siberiya, inda ya yi wasa da wani mai sana'ar lu'u-lu'u da ke tafiya zuwa Siberiya don neman abokin aikinsa na Rasha, da kuma Replicas, wanda ke ba da labarin wani masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ya saba wa dokoki da ilimin halittu don dawo da iyalinsa a rayuwa bayan sun mutu a hadarin mota. Siberiya ta damu sosai; Masu bita sun yi tunanin makircin ba shi da ma'ana kuma Reeves yana da ɗan ƙaramin ilmin sinadarai tare da abokin aikinta Ana Ularu.<ref>Lowe, Justin (July 13, 2018). "'Siberia': Film Review | Hollywood Reporter". ''www.hollywoodreporter.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Replicas ba su yi kyau tare da masu suka ba; A.V. Club ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon na Reeves, amma ya ba fim ɗin daraja D-, ya ƙara da cewa "sharar ce"<ref name=":3">Dowd, A.A. (January 11, 2019). "The Keanu Reeves sci-fi movie Replicas is so terrible it could give you an existential crisis". ''The A.V. Club''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Haka kuma ya kasance gazawar ofishin akwatin, inda aka samu dala miliyan 9.3 daga kasafin dala miliyan 30.<ref name=":3" /><ref>"Replicas". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref> Komawa ga ikon amfani da sunan John Wick, Reeves yayi tauraro a cikin John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum (2019), fasali na uku a cikin jerin da Stahelski ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin yana faruwa nan da nan bayan abubuwan da suka faru na John Wick: Babi na 2 kuma yana nuna sabbin membobin da suka haɗa da Halle Berry. Fim ɗin wani akwatin akwatin ne da ya samu, inda ya samu dala miliyan 171 a Amurka kuma fiye da dala miliyan 155 a duniya.<ref>"John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum". ''Box Office Mojo''. Archived from the original on March 29, 2020. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Mai bitar Globe da Mail ya ba fim ɗin uku cikin tauraro huɗu, yana yaba yanayin yaƙi, amma yana jin cewa akwai “ƙayatarwa” tare da kallon fina-finai.<ref>Hertz, Barry (May 16, 2019). "Review: Tick tock, time to coldclock: Why John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum is the Swiss luxury watch of action cinema". ''The Globe and Mail''. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Cath Clarke na Guardian ya yi tambaya game da aikin Reeves; ta rubuta cewa "ya rike fuskarsa mutum-mutumi-har yanzu [...] fina-finai uku a ciki, kumburin ikon mallakar kamfani ya fara farawa"<ref>Clarke, Cath (May 16, 2019). "John Wick: Chapter 3: Parabellum review – franchise bloat for Keanu Reeves' hitman". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref>. An zabi Reeves don Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji na 2019 a cikin Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma fim ɗin da kansa an zaɓi shi don Mafi kyawun Fim na Zamani a cikin Daraktocin Fasaha Guild.<ref>"2019 People's Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees on People's Choice Awards | E! News UK". ''E! News''. November 10, 2019. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020.</ref> Daga nan Reeves ya bayyana Duke Caboom a cikin Labari na Toy na 2019, kashi na huɗu na ikon amfani da sunan wasan yara na Pixar.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (June 12, 2019). "How Keanu Reeves Ended Up in 'Toy Story 4' as Duke Caboom". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a ranakun 27 da 28 ga Afrilu, an gudanar da wani biki na fim don girmama shi, mai suna KeanuCon, wanda aka shirya a Glasgow, Scotland.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (June 4, 2018). "There's a Keanu Reeves film festival happening in Glasgow". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref>A cikin kwanaki biyu, an nuna fina-finansa guda tara don baƙi.<ref>Russell, Jennifer (March 13, 2019). "Film fans rejoice as Keanu Reeves film festival set to go ahead next month". ''glasgowlive''. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2019.</ref> Hakanan a cikin 2019, Reeves ya taka rawar goyan baya kamar kansa a cikin wasan barkwanci na soyayya da Ali Wong ya jagoranta Koyaushe Ka kasance Mai yiwuwa na.<ref>"Ali Wong Assures Keanu Reeves Is a 'Sweet, Professional Guy' — Not Jerk from Always Be My Maybe". ''Peoplemag''. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.</ref>A cikin 2019, Reeves ya yi tafiya zuwa São Paulo don ƙirƙirar jerin Netflix, Nasara.<ref>Rodrigues, Leonardo (August 31, 2019). "Conquest: Tudo o que sabemos sobre a série que Keany Reeves está rodando em SP" [Conquest: Everything we know about the series filmed by Keanu Reeves in São Paulo]. ''Uol'' (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.</ref> Hotunan faifan aikin zai ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jahannama na tsawon shekaru saboda mahaliccin Carl Rinsch na rashin daidaituwa da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa ya rasa wasu lokuta da yawa kuma ya shiga shari'a tare da Netflix game da haƙƙin jerin.<ref>Carreyrou, John (November 22, 2023). "The Strange $55 Million Saga of a Netflix Series You'll Never See". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2023.</ref> A farkon 2008, Reeves da Alex Winter sun nuna sha'awar fim na Bill & Ted na uku, amma aikin ya shiga cikin ci gaba.<ref>Greene, Andy (August 18, 2020). "Inside the Long, Strange Trip of 'Bill & Ted'". ''Rolling Stone''. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> A ƙarshe a cikin 2020, Bill & Ted Face the Music, an fitar da fim na uku a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kamfani.<ref>Lawrence, Derek (May 8, 2018). "'Bill & Ted 3' is officially happening". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.</ref> Mai sukar mujallar Salon ya ji takaici game da wasan kwaikwayon Reeves, amma ya yaba wa fim ɗin saboda saƙon da ya yi cewa "waƙar tana da ikon haɗa kan duniya"<ref>Kramer, Gary M. (August 28, 2020). "The latest "Bill & Ted" adventure is more bogus than excellent, despite some chuckles". ''Salon''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.</ref>. Leah Greenblatt ta Nishaɗi ta Mako-mako ta ba fim ɗin daraja B, kuma ta yaba da sinadarai na kan allo tsakanin Reeves da Winter.<ref>Greenblatt, Leah (August 27, 2020). "'Bill & Ted Face the Music' is delightfully dumb". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run a matsayin tumbleweed mai suna Sage.[190] Reeves ya bayyana azaman Johnny Silverhand a cikin wasan bidiyo Cyberpunk 2077.<ref>Lewis, Evan (June 12, 2019). "Keanu Reeves on Cyberpunk 2077, getting into gaming, John Wick, and more". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2021, Reeves ya dawo kan allo don fim na huɗu a cikin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar Matrix: Tashin Matrix. Carrie-Anne Moss kuma ta sake bayyana matsayinta na Triniti.<ref>Holson, Laura M. (August 21, 2019). "'The Matrix' Gets a Fourth Movie, and Keanu Reeves Is Back". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.</ref> Tashin Matrix ya kasance abin takaici ne a ofishin akwatin;[195] wani mai suka ya yaba wasan kwaikwayon Reeves da Moss, amma ya yi tunanin fim din "''no game-changer''".<ref>Aspinall, Jeremy. "The Matrix Resurrections (2021)". ''Radio Times''. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.</ref> '''2023-yanzu: Bayan John Wick''' John Wick na Lionsgate: Babi na 4 wanda aka fara ranar 24 ga Maris, 2023; Reeves ya sake mayar da matsayinsa <ref>Greenblatt, Leah (March 13, 2023). "Something Wick-ed this way comes in ''John Wick: Chapter 4''". ''EW.com''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref>. Ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci; masu sharhi da yawa sun ambaci fim ɗin a cikin mafi girman fina-finan da aka taɓa yi.<ref>Motamayor, Raphael (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick: Chapter 4' Review: The Best Action Blockbuster Since 'Fury Road'". ''IndieWire''. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</ref> Ya kuma sake bayyana matsayinsa na Johnny Silverhand a cikin fadada ''Cyberpunk 2077'', ''Phanthom Liberty''.<ref>Egan, Toussaint (September 7, 2022). "Phantom Liberty is the 'only planned expansion' for Cyberpunk 2077". ''Polygon''. Archived from the original on September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2023.</ref> Littafin wasan ban dariya, BRZRKR, wanda Reeves ya rubuta, aka buga shi a cikin juzu'i uku wanda ya fara daga Maris 2021 kuma ya ƙare a cikin Oktoba 2023.<ref>Reeves, Keanu; Kindt, Matt (October 10, 2023). ''BRZRKR Vol. 3''. BOOM! Studios. ISBN <bdi>978-1-68415-712-9</bdi>. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Batun #1 ya sayar da fiye da kwafi 615,000, a fitowar farko, sayarwar da ta kasance #1 tun Star a cikin 2015.<ref>Johnston, Rich (February 4, 2021). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR #1 Sells Over 615,000 Copies To Comic Stores". ''Bleeding Cool News And Rumors''. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.</ref> Bayan haduwa lokaci-lokaci don zaman ''jam sessions'' a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan rushewarsu, Dogstar ya fara yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa yayin farkon cutar COVID-19, wacce ta zama kundi da aka gama me suna, ''Somewhere Between the Power Lines and Palm Trees'' (2023). Bayan wasansu na farko a cikin shekaru 20 a bikin kiɗa na ''BottleRock Napa Valley'', <ref>Vaziri, Aidin (May 28, 2023). "Keanu Reeves shakes off nerves at BottleRock for Dogstar's first concert in more than 20 years". ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2023.</ref> Reeves da ƙungiyar sun fara balaguron kwanaki 25 a Arewacin Amurka da Japan don tallafawa kundin, farawa Agusta 10 a Hermosa Beach, California.<ref>Al-Sardar, Ali. "Dogstar 2023 Tour Dates, Concerts & Tickets". ''Rock Informer''. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</ref> A watan Yuli, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga fitowar farko ta BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines'', mai suna ''Poetry of Madness''..<ref>"BRZRKR: Poetry of Madness - Exclusive Preview of the Prequel Story". ''IGN''. July 21, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a matsayin baƙon da aka gabatar don wasan farko na kakar 6 na ''Ride with Norman Reedus'' (2023), mai taken "Desert Utah tare da Keanu Reeves".<ref>Ricci, Kimberley (September 7, 2023). "Look At How Happy Keanu Reeves Looks In New 'Ride With Norman Reedus' Footage". ''Uproxx''. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</ref> ''CinemaBlend's'' Nick Venable ya ce, "kashi-kashi yana ba da kyakkyawan kallo ga duk wanda ke buƙatar wani abu don murmushi."<ref>Venable, Nick (October 23, 2023). "These Videos Of Keanu Reeves And Norman Reedus Hanging Out Can Instantly Put Me In A Good Mood". ''CinemaBlend''. Retrieved June 27, 2024.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba na waccan shekarar, ya bayyana a matsayin mai masaukin baki kuma mai zartarwa ya samar da jerin shirye-shirye na sashi 4 Brawn: Labari na 1 da ba zai yuwu ba don ''Hulu da Disney +''.<ref>"Disney+ F1 documentary: Brawn release date, cast and history". ''Autosport''. November 7, 2023. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</ref> Jack Seale na The Guardian ya ji cewa Reeves ya kasance "yana nan don ya ɗanɗana labarin", kuma ya nuna "ɗabi'un kyawawan halaye waɗanda yawancin masu yin tambayoyi za su ɗauka ba su da kwarewa, amma waɗanda ba sa yin laifi." Ya ji cewa yawancin motsin zuciyar da ke cikin jerin suna da nasaba da hanyar "yana samun waɗanda aka yi hira da shi su buɗe. Yakan yi tambaya mai zurfi - yaya wani ya ji game da abin da ya yi, maimakon kawai abin da suka yi ". <ref>Seale, Jack (November 15, 2023). "Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story review – Keanu Reeves is adorable". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 1, 2024.</ref> A karshen wannan watan, ''Boom! Studios'' ya buga wasan ban dariya na biyu a cikin BRZRKR: ''Bloodlines series'', mai suna ''Fallen Empire''.<ref>"BRZRKR: Keanu Reeves' Immortal Warrior Returns in Fallen Empire". ''IGN''. August 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 21, 2024.</ref> A ƙarshen Mayu 2024, ''Netflix'' ya ci nasara a kan haƙƙoƙin jerin abubuwan da aka samar na Reeves, tare da faifan bidiyon da suke mallakarsu tare da mayar da kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 8.78 na Carl Erik Rinsch da aka yi amfani da kuɗin samar da ba daidai ba.<ref>John, Carreyrou (May 31, 2024). "Netflix Wins $8.8 Million in Fight Over Planned TV Series". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A wannan watan Yuni, Reeves da Dogstar sun ba da sanarwar yawon shakatawa na bazara, tare da nunin da aka shirya daga Agusta zuwa Satumba a Amurka da Kanada.<ref>Robinson, KiMi (June 4, 2024). "Keanu Reeves' band Dogstar announces summer 2024 tour for their first album in 20 years". ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 5, 2024.</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2024, Reeves ya buga wani labari, Littafin ''The Book of Elsewhere'', wanda aka rubuta tare da China Miéville, mai ba da labarin BRZRKR.<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> An fitar da fitowar farko na juzu'i na biyu na jerin Jini, A Fuskantar Harsasai, wanda Jason Haruna ya rubuta da fasaha ta Francesco Manna an fito da shi washegari bayan jinkiri daga Yuni.<ref>"Get a First Look at BRZRKR: A Faceful Of Bullets #1". ''Graphic Policy''. June 28, 2024. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref> Wani BRZRKR ''Bloodlines spin-off,'' mai suna ''The Lost Book of B'' wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 21, 2024.<ref>Schedeen, Jesse (May 23, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Returns to BRZRKR in The Lost Book of B". ''IGN''. Retrieved July 9, 2024.</ref>Ya shiga Graham Hancock a kakar wasa ta biyu na jerin ''Ancient Apocalypse'' akan ''Netflix,'' inda ya tattauna fahimtarsa ​​game da ba da labari a matsayin aikin kiyaye al'adu.<ref>Goldbart, Max (September 18, 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved September 18, 2024.</ref>. Reeves ya yi tauraro a cikin shirin ''Armored Core'' na jerin ''anthology series'' ''Secret Level'' .<ref>Coleman, Jack (October 14, 2024). "Secret Level Trailer Leaks, Revealing Main Cast". ''TheGamer''. Valnet. Retrieved October 16, 2024.</ref> Reeves ya bayyana a ''Shadow the Hedgehog'' a cikin DLC don wasan bidiyo na ''Shadow Generations'' (2024).<ref>Stedman, Alex (September 24, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Will Headline an Upcoming Sonic x Shadow Generations DLC - State of Play". ''IGN''. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</ref> '''Ayyukan sa masu zuwa''' Reeves zai sake mayar da matsayinsa na ''Shadow'' ''the Hedgehog'' a kashi na uku na jerin fina-finan ''Sonic the Hedgehog'', ''Sonic the'' ''Hedgehog 3'', wanda zai fito a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2024.<ref>Couch, Aaron; Kit, Borys (April 15, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Joins 'Sonic 3' as Shadow". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai yi tauraro tare da Seth Rogen da Aziz Ansari a farkon darakta na ƙarshe, ''Good Fortune''.<ref>Galuppo, Mia (April 18, 2023). "Seth Rogen, Keanu Reeves to Star in Aziz Ansari Movie 'Good Fortune'". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.</ref> Sannan zai yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya mai zuwa na Jonah Hill a kan ''Apple TV+''.<ref>Prasad, Sumith (January 26, 2024). "Jonah Hill's Outcome Starring Keanu Reeves Begins Filming in LA in March". ''The CinemaHolic''. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.</ref> A cikin jerin fina-finai na 2025 From ''The World of John Wick: Ballerina'', an saita Reeves don sake mayar da aikinsa a matsayin halayen ikon mallakar Faransa.<ref>D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 21, 2024). "'Ballerina' Dances Into Summer 2025 As 'The Crow' Swoops Into John Wick Spinoff's June 2024 Date". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.</ref> An tsara Reeves ya zamo tauraro a cikin fim ɗin satire na Ruben Östlund Tsarin Nishaɗi ya ƙare.<ref>Wiseman, Andreas (May 14, 2024). "Kirsten Dunst & Daniel Brühl Join Keanu Reeves In Ruben Östlund's ''The Entertainment System Is Down''; Director Buys Boeing 747 For Movie — Cannes Market Hot Project". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai hada kai don samar da wani fim na gaskiya game da rayuwar Benny Urquidez, wanda aka saita don fitarwa a cikin 2025.<ref>Grobar, Matt (March 28, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Teaming With Fisher Stevens To Produce Doc On Kickboxer Benny "The Jet" Urquidez". ''Deadline''. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved April 22, 2024.</ref> Reeves zai fara halartan sa na Broadway a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 2025, a cikin wani shiri na ''Waiting for Godot'' wanda Jamie Lloyd ya jagoranta.<ref>Lee, Benjamin (August 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves to make Broadway debut opposite Bill & Ted co-star Alex Winter". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved August 1, 2024.</ref> Ana yin gyare-gyaren fim na BRZRKR wanda Mattson Tomlin ya rubuta kuma ya samar da shi kuma Reeves yana yin tauraro don Netflix, tare da Reeves yana buɗewa ga yiwuwar jagora.<ref>Oddo, Marco Vito (October 4, 2022). "Keanu Reeves May Direct Movie Adaptation Of His Own Comic 'BRZRKR' [Exclusive]". ''Collider''. Valnet Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</ref> Bayan fitowar fim ɗin, an shirya jerin wasan anime na lokaci biyu don fitarwa akan ''Netflix'' kuma wanda ''Production I.G'' ya shirya.<ref>Loo, Egan (July 22, 2022). "Keanu Reeves' BRZRKR Anime Series Animated by Production I.G With 2 Seasons Planned". ''Anime News Network''. Archived from the original on July 22, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.</ref> Mabiyi na biyar ga John Wick mai rarraba Lionsgate ne ya shirya, <ref>McNary, Dave (August 6, 2020). "'John Wick 5,' New 'Dirty Dancing' Movie With Jennifer Grey Officially in the Works at Lionsgate". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</ref> amma darektan ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani Chad Stahelski ya ce zai so ba da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan ''"Rest for the time being''".<ref>O'Connell, Mikey (March 14, 2023). "'John Wick' Filmmaker Chad Stahelski Talks Sequels, Oscar Stunt Snubs and Why Guns Still Show Up on Sets". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.</ref> Bayan shirye-shiryen fim na biyar, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaba mai suna John Wick: A ƙarƙashin Babban Teburin ana haɓaka tare da Reeves a matsayin mai gabatarwa.<ref>Andreeva, Nellie (August 5, 2024). "'John Wick 4' Sequel Series From Keanu Reeves & Chad Stahelski Heats Up TV Marketplace". ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar shi ta sirri == A cikin 1998, Reeves ya hadu da mataimakiyar darakta David Lynch Jennifer Syme a wani liyafa da aka gudanar don ƙungiyarsa Dogstar, kuma suka fara soyayya.<ref>Taylor, Trey (September 20, 2018). "Hollyweird: The Strange, Tragic Death of Jennifer Syme". ''Paper''. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1999, Syme ta haihu watanni takwas da cikinta, inda jaririn da aka haifa bezo da rayuwa ba. Ma’auratan sun rabu makonni da yawa bayan haka, amma daga baya suka sasanta <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2001, Syme ta mutu sanadiyar motarta ta, da ta yi karo da motoci uku da aka faka a Cahuenga Boulevard a Los Angeles<ref>Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref>. Reeves ya gaya wa masu binciken cewa sun dawo tare, <ref>"VH1.com : News : Marilyn Manson Accused Of Contributing To Friend's Death". November 17, 2007. Archived from the original on November 17, 2007. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref> kuma sun yi cin abinci tare a San Francisco kwana daya kafin hadarin.<ref name=":4">Schneider, Karen S. (April 23, 2001). "Too Much Sorrow. Keanu Reeves Mourns His Former Girlfriend, Who Never Recovered from the Loss of Their Child". ''People''. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Reeves ya kasance wanda ya ɗauki nauyin janazar Syme, <ref name=":4" /> wadda aka binne kusa da 'yarsu.<ref>Daly, Sean (April 23, 2001). "Keanu Grieves for His Soul Mate, Jennifer". ''US Weekly''. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021.</ref> An tsara shi da ya yin fim ɗin abubuwan da suka biyo baya zuwa ''The Matrix'' a bazara mai zuwa, amma ya nemi "salama da lokaci", a cewar abokin Bret Domrose na Dogstar.<ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau, an danganta Reeves da soyayya ga abokin da ya daɗe kuma mai shirya fim Brenda Davis, wanda ɗansa ya kasance ubangida ne,<ref>Purcell, Andrew (November 2, 2014). "Keanu Reeves, John Wick's zen master with a gift for violence". ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020. <q>Red carpet: Reeves with Brenda Davis, a filmmaker and friend.</q></ref> da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo China Chow.<ref>Morris, Bob (December 20, 2011). "China Chow, With a Look of Her Own Making". ''The New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 11, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2020.</ref> Har ila yau, Reeves yana kula da abota ta kud da kud tare da abokin aikin sa na Bram Stoker's Dracula Winona Ryder; bayan sun halarci wurin daurin aure tare da wani limamin addinin Romania don yin fim, har yanzu suna kiran juna da “miji da mata” yayin da suke magana da kansu.<ref>Sharf, Zack (September 3, 2024). "Winona Ryder and Keanu Reeves Call Each Other Husband and Wife in Text Messages After Maybe Getting Married for Real on 'Dracula' Set". ''Variety''. Retrieved September 4, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2009, Reeves ya hadu da Alexandra Grant a wani cin abincin dare; inda suka ci gaba da hada kai akan littafai guda biyu tare<ref>Rose, Steve (June 15, 2011). "How Keanu Reeves cheered up". ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.</ref>. Sun sanar da jama'a alakar su a watan Nuwamba 2019.<ref>Hills, Megan (June 24, 2020). "Who is Keanu Reeves' girlfriend Alexandra Grant?". ''Evening Standard''. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2020.</ref> Reeves yana hankali game da imaninsa na ruhi, yana mai cewa wani abu ne ''"personal and private''"<ref>Wilson, Staci Layne (February 14, 2005). "Interview with Constantine actor, Keanu Reeves". ''horror.com''. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019.</ref>. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi ko shi mai ruhi ne, sai ya ce ya yi imani “da Allah, bangaskiyar ciki, kai, sha’awa, da abubuwa”, kuma “mai ruhi ne sosai”<ref>Stern, Marlow (September 13, 2013). "Keanu Reeves on 'Man of Tai Chi,' 'Bill & Ted' & 'Point Break'". ''The Daily Beast''. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref>. Duk da cewa ba ya bin addinin Buddah a hukumance, amma addinin ya bar masa sha'awa sosai, musamman bayan daukar fim din ''Little Buddha''.<ref name=":5">"Keanu Reeves on the small screen". ''Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition''. Mandala Publications. June 2001. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</ref> Ya ce, "Mafi yawan abubuwan da na fito da su daga addinin Buddha sun kasance mutum-fahimtar ji, rashin dawwama, da ƙoƙarin fahimtar wasu mutane da kuma inda suka fito."<ref name=":5" />. A cikin 2023, an radawa, wani sinadari mai saurin kisa ga fungi, suna, ''lipopeptide keanumycin'' domin girmama Reeves.<ref>"Scientists name fungus-killing substance after 'John Wick' star Keanu Reeves". ''KOMO''. March 6, 2023. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</ref> A cikin 2024, Reeves ya yi magana game da tunaninsa game da mace-mace, yana mai cewa, "Ina tunanin mutuwa a kowane lokaci. Wannan abu ne mai kyau. Da fatan ba ta gurgunta ba, amma da fatan an wayar da kan mu [mu] don jin daɗin numfashin da muke da shi, da dangantakar da muke da yuwuwar samu."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Reeves ya fara wasan motsa jiki a gasar Toyota GR ta Arewacin Amurka inda ya gama a cikin 25th akan ''Race 1'' da 24th akan ''Race 2'' a Titin Motar Indianapolis.<ref>Rosenbloom, Alli (October 6, 2024). "Keanu Reeves makes professional auto racing debut at Indianapolis Motor Speedway". CNN. Archived from the original on October 6, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.</ref> == Takaddama == A cikin 2022, karatun Reeves na waƙar Beat "''Pull My Daisy''" don wasan kwaikwayo na fa'ida ga Tibet House US, ƙungiyar sa-kai mai alaƙa da jagoran ruhin Tibet mai gudun hijira, Dalai Lama, ya fusata 'yan kishin ƙasar Sin.<ref>"Keanu Reeves performs "Pull My Daisy" on the 35th Annual Tibet House Benefit Concert March 3, 2022". ''youtube.com''. Tibet House US. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.</ref> An dakatar da fina-finan Reeves daga hanyoyin yawo a China kamar iQiyi, Tencent Video da Youku.<ref>Davis, Rebecca (March 24, 2022). "China streamers scrub Keanu Reeves titles over his support for Tibet". ''Los Angeles Times''. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref><ref>Sharf, Zack (March 24, 2022). "Keanu Reeves Movies Reportedly Pulled Off Streaming Platforms in China Over His Tibet Support". ''Variety''. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</ref> == A cikin kafafen yada labarai == A cikin labarin 2005 na mujallar Time, Lev Grossman ya kira Reeves "Mafi kyawun ''introvert'' na Hollywood".<ref name=":6">Grossman, Lev (February 14, 2005). "Keanu Reeves: The Man Who Isn't There". ''Time''. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.</ref>. An bayyana shi a matsayin mai aiki, kyakkyawa kuma "mai jin kunya". A lokacin samar da Constantine, darekta Francis Lawrence yayi sharhi game da halayensa, yana kiransa da "mai aiki tuƙuru" da "karimci". Tauraruwarsa Shi’a LaBeouf ya ce: “Na yi aiki da shi tsawon shekara guda da watanni biyu, amma ni ban san shi sosai ba”<ref name=":7">Finke, Nikki (October 25, 2012). "Keanu Reeves And Longtime Manager Erwin Stoff Hit Bumpy Road: Actor Almost Left 3 Arts But Instead Others There Repping Him". ''Deadline''. Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2020.</ref>. Erwin Stoff na ''3 Arts Entertainment'' ya kasance wakilin Reeves kuma manajan shi tun yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya samar da yawancin fina-finansa. Stoff ya ce Reeves "mutum ne mai zaman kansa da gaske" kuma yana nesanta shi da sauran mutane.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> A cikin 2023, mai ba da shawara na Reeves akai-akai Laurence Fishburne ya ce masa, "Yana da kirki, eh. Yana da kirki fiye da yadda mutane ke cewa shi. Shi mutum ne mai tausasawa, mai hankali sosai. Mai tunani da hazaka kuma mai matukar hakuri. Ee, yana da yawan alheri,."<ref>Clark, Meredith (March 16, 2023). "Keanu Reeves reacts to being declared the internet's boyfriend". ''The Independent''. Independent Digital News & Media Ltd. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> Aziz Ansari, wanda ya ba da umarni da tauraro tare da Reeves a cikin ''Good Fortune'', ya yi ba'a cewa "''actually is an angel''", kuma "ya kasance yana yin kamar mutum ne saboda duk sauran ayyukan." , mai tausayin wasu amma yana da wuyar kansa". [...] A koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya yi iyakar ƙoƙarinsa: nufi sama, ci gaba <ref>Mangalindan, JP (May 15, 2024). "Shogun's Hiroyuki Sanada Says John Wick Costar Keanu Reeves Is 'Hard on Himself' but 'Very Kind to Others'". ''People''. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2010, hoton Reeves ya zama abin tunawa na intanet bayan da aka buga hotunansa, yana zaune a kan benci na shakatawa tare da yanayin fuska. An sanya hotunan a kan allon tattaunawa na 4chan kuma ba da daɗewa ba an rarraba su ta shafukan yanar gizo da kafofin watsa labaru da dama, wanda ya kai ga yada "Sad Keanu" meme a kan intanet. An ƙirƙiri hutun da ba na hukuma ba lokacin da shafin masu sha'awar Facebook ya ayyana ranar 15 ga Yuni a matsayin "Ranar Keanu" <ref>Suddath, Claire (June 15, 2010). "Help Cheer Up Keanu Reeves". ''Time''. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2012.</ref> Daga baya sai ya raina hoton, yana mai cewa, “Mutum, ina cin sanwici, ina tunani—ina da wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa, ina jin yunwa.”<ref>"Keanu Reeves on Sad Keanu: "I Was Hungry!"". ''W Magazine''. December 14, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</ref> Jama'a sun lura da halin da Reeves yake da shi na yau da kullun da kuma iya samar da dangantaka, wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da ''"Internet's Boyfriend''".<ref>Lang, Cady (July 19, 2019). "Why Keanu Reeves Has Always Been the Internet's Soul Mate". ''Time''. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.</ref>. A cikin 2019, Vox ya ambaci fim ɗin Reeves wanda ba a saba da shi ba da kuma ikon yin kira ga al'adun ƙwazo a matsayin dalilan farko na shahararsa ta intanet.<ref>Romano, Aja (August 16, 2019). "Keanu Reeves, explained". ''Vox''. Archived from the original on April 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.</ref> Screen Rant ya kimanta cewa Reeves ana daukarsa "wanda aka fi sani da daya daga cikin masu kirki, masu tunani a Hollywood", <ref>Flatau, Seth (July 13, 2023). "10 Keanu Reeves Stories That Prove He's The Nicest Guy In Hollywood". ''Screen Rant''. Valnet Inc. Retrieved June 3, 2024.</ref> The Guardian ya lura cewa yana da suna a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun mutane, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin Hollywood A-jerin",<ref>Leith, Sam (July 20, 2024). "'I wanted to do pulpy, hyper-violent action': Keanu Reeves on his novel with China Miéville and the afterlife of The Matrix". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> kuma BBC ta rubuta cewa an san shi da "tawali'u, mai ladabi", kuma ana kwatanta shi da "mafi kyawun mutum a Hollywood."<ref>Nanji, Noor; Razzall, Katie (July 22, 2024). "Keanu Reeves: I think about death all the time". ''BBC''. Retrieved July 23, 2024.</ref> Reeves a matsayin "shugaban gamuwa da fan", [296] da Snopes ya lura cewa shi "aunace ce ta yadda ya kasance mai al'adu".<ref>Palma, Bethania (June 30, 2021). "Does Pic Show Keanu Eating Ice Cream at a Movie Theater?". ''Snopes''. Retrieved July 21, 2024.</ref> == Lambobin karramawa == Reeves ya shahara a tun 1985, Fina-finan Reeves da ya fi samun yabo kuma mafi girma, bisa ga rukunin Rubutun ''Tomatoes'', sun haɗa da: ''River's Edge'' (1987), ''Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure'' (1989), ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), ''Much Ado About Nothing'' (1993), ''Speed'' ​​(1994), ''The Matrix'' (1999), ''John Wick'' (2014), ''John Wick'': Babi na 2 (2017), ''John Wick:'' Babi na 3 - ''Parabellum'' (2019), da ''Toy'' ''Story 4'' (2019).<ref>"Keanu Reeves – Rotten Tomatoes". ''Rotten Tomatoes''. Archived from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> Reeves ya ci lambar yabo ta MTV Movie Awards guda hudu, <ref>"The Matrix shines at MTV Awards". ''The Guardian''. June 5, 2000. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> kuma ya sami nadin nadin Mafi kyawun Actor guda biyu a Kyautar Saturn.<ref>Chitwood, Adam (September 14, 2019). "Watch the Saturn Awards Live Online". ''Collider''. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> An zabe shi sau biyu don Kyautar Zabin Mutane: Fitaccen Tauraron Fina-Finan Namiji da Tauraron Fina-Finan Fim, saboda rawar da a taka a cikin ''John Wick: Babi na 3 - Parabellum'' (2019).<ref>Nordyke, Kimberly; Howard, Annie (November 10, 2019). "Movie of 2019 – People's Choice Awards: 'Avengers: Endgame' Named Best Movie". ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2015, mutane sun sake ba shi suna 1994's ''Most Sexiest Man Alive''.<ref>McAfee, Tierney (November 18, 2015). "PEOPLE Editorial Director Jess Cagle Finally Picks a Sexiest Man Alive for 1994". ''People''. Archived from the original on January 27, 2020. Retrieved February 29, 2020.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2021, Mujallar ''Tae Kwon'' ''Do Life'' ta ɗauki Reeves a matsayin ''"# 1 Martial Arts star in the world"'' bisa la'akari da fina-finansa da yawa a cikin nau'in, shahararsu, da kuma babban akwatin ofishin akwatin.<ref>Zirogiannis, Marc (September 13, 2021). "Is Keanu Reeves The Biggest Martial Arts Movie Star In The World?". ''Tae Kwon Do Life Magazine''. KYPA USA. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.</ref> A cikin 2024, Gidan Zinare ya girmama shi akan jerin Mafi Tasirin Asiyawa A100,<ref>Dunn, Jack; Kuznikov, Selena; Tangcay, Jazz; Thompson, Jaden (May 1, 2024). "Keanu Reeves, Jung Kook, Hayao Miyazaki Among Gold House's A100 Honorees". ''Variety''. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2024.</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Inkpot don Gudunmawar Rayuwa ga Fina-finai, ''TV, Comics'', da Littattafai a San Diego ''Comic-Con''.<ref>Bailey, Kat (July 27, 2024). "Keanu Reeves Surprised With Comic-Con Award for His Contributions to Movies, TV, Comics, and Books: SDCC 2024". ''IGN''. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 8nd72x8cx71t67cicd8txsgwt1lvo09 0 59519 824119 492393 2026-04-22T09:46:13Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|suna=Vic Barrett|image=Vic Barrett, 2019 (cropped).jpg|caption=Vic Barrett, in 2019|birth_date={{circa}} {{birth based on age as of date |19|2018|12|28}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Vic Barrett {{!}} White Plains, New York |url=https://www.ourclimatevoices.org/2019/vicbarrett |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=Our Climate Voices |date=28 December 2018 |format=Interview |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401071710/https://www.ourclimatevoices.org/2019/vicbarrett |url-status=dead }}</ref>|citizenship=United States|organization=[[Our Children's Trust]]|movement=[[Climate justice]]}}   '''Vic Barrett''' (an haife shi a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da casa'in da takwas 1998 ko alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da tara 1999) ɗan gwagwarmayar yanayine na Amurka. Shi mai shigar da ƙara ne acikin Juliana v.''Amurka'' kuma ya bayyana acikin wani shirin game da shari'ar, Youth v. ''Gwamna''. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] == Yunkuri da fafutuka == [[Fayil:Bill Keating with Thunberg, Margolin and Barret.jpg|thumb|Vic Barrett a gefe ]] Bayan ya fuskanci Guguwar Sandy, Barrett ya fara cin abinci tareda ƙungiyar Global Kids lokacin da yake ɗan shekara goma sha huɗu 14. Ya kasance ɗan'uwa sannan kuma babban ɗan'uwa, tare da Alliance for Climate Education, yana aiki don faɗaɗa ilimin yanayi a makarantun jama'a da ƙarfafa mutane su jefa ƙuri'a.<ref name=":1" /> Acikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha biyar 2015, Barrett yayi magana a COP21 kuma ya shiga Juliana v. Shari'ar ''Amurka''.<ref name=":0" /> Barrett yayi zanga-zanga a COP24, yana kiran manufofin makamashi na Amurka "ba'a". Kuɗin lokacin yakai shi ga janyewa na ɗan lokaci daga karatun digiri.<ref name=":2" /> Acikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, Barrett ya bayyana acikin Ilana Glazer's Generator Series kuma ya inganta yajin aikin yanayi na Satumba shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, kuma yayi magana a yajin aikin NYC a Foley Square. An zaɓi Barrett don lambar yabo ta Pritzker daga Cibiyar Muhalli da Cigaba ta UCLA a shekarar alif dubu biyu da ashirin 2020. Ahalin yanzu shine mai shirya cibiyar sadarwa don Power Shift Network. Barrett yayi magana game da ikon bada labari wajen shigar da mutane cikin gwagwarmaya.<ref name=":5" /> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Barrett ya kuma fito ne daga White Plains, New York, kuma yana zaune a Bronx tun daga watan Agusta shekara ta alif dubu biyu da ashirin da ukku 2023. Shi ne neurodivergent, queer, kuma na zuriyar Garifuna. Barrett kuma Ba'amurke ne na ƙarni na farko kuma mutum ne wanda ya sauya a cikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha baƙwai 2017, bayan ya koma kwaleji.<ref name=":3" /> Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta mata a Manhattan, kuma ya yi karatun kimiyyar siyasa a UW-Madison .<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> Barrett yana da tattoo wanda ke nufin yawan carbon dioxide na yanayi a sassa na miliyan. Ya gano Berta Cáceres a matsayin jarumi na kansa.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * Vic J. Barrett on Twitter [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwa 1990]] [[Category:Mutane daga Garifuna]] gqtgm4pb6guf1jowlxeu1ssc28sz5gh 824120 824119 2026-04-22T09:46:32Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|suna=Vic Barrett|image=Vic Barrett, 2019 (cropped).jpg|caption=Vic Barrett, in 2019|birth_date={{circa}} {{birth based on age as of date |19|2018|12|28}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Vic Barrett {{!}} White Plains, New York |url=https://www.ourclimatevoices.org/2019/vicbarrett |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=Our Climate Voices |date=28 December 2018 |format=Interview |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401071710/https://www.ourclimatevoices.org/2019/vicbarrett |url-status=dead }}</ref>|citizenship=United States|organization=[[Our Children's Trust]]|movement=[[Climate justice]]}}   '''Vic Barrett''' (an haife shi a shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da casa'in da takwas 1998 ko alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da tara 1999) ɗan gwagwarmayar yanayine na Amurka. Shi mai shigar da ƙara ne acikin Juliana v.''Amurka'' kuma ya bayyana acikin wani shirin game da shari'ar, Youth v. ''Gwamna''. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] == Yunkuri da fafutuka == [[Fayil:Bill Keating with Thunberg, Margolin and Barret.jpg|thumb|Vic Barrett a gefe ]] Bayan ya fuskanci Guguwar Sandy, Barrett ya fara cin abinci tareda ƙungiyar Global Kids lokacin da yake ɗan shekara goma sha huɗu 14. Ya kasance ɗan'uwa sannan kuma babban ɗan'uwa, tare da Alliance for Climate Education, yana aiki don faɗaɗa ilimin yanayi a makarantun jama'a da ƙarfafa mutane su jefa ƙuri'a.<ref name=":1" /> Acikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha biyar 2015, Barrett yayi magana a COP21 kuma ya shiga Juliana v. Shari'ar ''Amurka''.<ref name=":0" /> Barrett yayi zanga-zanga a COP24, yana kiran manufofin makamashi na Amurka "ba'a". Kuɗin lokacin yakai shi ga janyewa na ɗan lokaci daga karatun digiri.<ref name=":2" /> Acikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, Barrett ya bayyana acikin Ilana Glazer's Generator Series kuma ya inganta yajin aikin yanayi na Satumba shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, kuma yayi magana a yajin aikin NYC a Foley Square. An zaɓi Barrett don lambar yabo ta Pritzker daga Cibiyar Muhalli da Cigaba ta UCLA a shekarar alif dubu biyu da ashirin 2020. Ahalin yanzu shine mai shirya cibiyar sadarwa don Power Shift Network. Barrett yayi magana game da ikon bada labari wajen shigar da mutane cikin gwagwarmaya.<ref name=":5" /> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Barrett ya kuma fito ne daga White Plains, New York, kuma yana zaune a Bronx tun daga watan Agusta shekara ta alif dubu biyu da ashirin da ukku 2023. Shi ne neurodivergent, queer, kuma na zuriyar Garifuna. Barrett kuma Ba'amurke ne na ƙarni na farko kuma mutum ne wanda ya sauya a cikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha baƙwai 2017, bayan ya kuma koma kwaleji.<ref name=":3" /> Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta mata a Manhattan, kuma ya yi karatun kimiyyar siyasa a UW-Madison .<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> Barrett yana da tattoo wanda ke nufin yawan carbon dioxide na yanayi a sassa na miliyan. Ya gano Berta Cáceres a matsayin jarumi na kansa.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * Vic J. Barrett on Twitter [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwa 1990]] [[Category:Mutane daga Garifuna]] 8jnxy1daq5udimhjr98naixpa53q6lt 0 59568 824078 567890 2026-04-22T08:53:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 824078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bridge over the Hautapu River. ATLIB 274957.png|thumb|Kogin Hautapu (Manawatū-Whanganui)]] [[Fayil:Bridge over the Hautapu River. ATLIB 274957.png|thumb|Kogin Hautapu (Manawatū-Whanganui)]] '''Kogin Hautapu''' kogi ne dakeManawatū-Whanganui wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Ya samo asali ne daga gabas da Ngamatea Swamp Wanda yake New Zealand Waiouru wajan Horarwa na sojojin daga magudana na kudu,nazaman kansan kasar noman,kuma da wani wuraren yana biyo babbar hanyar Jiha ta 1, tsawon kilomita da yawa kafin ta shiga kogin Rangitikei da ke kudu da Taihape . == Labaran kasa == [[File:Bridge_over_the_Hautapu_River._ATLIB_274957.png|thumb| Gadar kan Kogin Hautapu, 1906]] Kogin yana da magudanan ruwa da yawa. A cikin 1908 an kwatanta ɗayan a matsayin {{Convert|15|ft|}} babba, ko da yake hoto daga wannan zamanin ya nuna yana iya zama karami. Yawancin tsayin kogin yana biye da Babban Gangar Tsibirin Arewa kuma ana haye shi sau biyu ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa. An karkatar da kogin a cikin 1905 don kauce wa buƙatar ƙarin gadoji na jirgin ƙasa guda biyu. == Kamun kifi == Ana ɗaukar Hautapu a matsayin rafi na kamun kifi . A cikin watanni na rani yana iya riƙe da ɗanɗano mai girma mai launin ruwan kasa wanda za'a iya niyya ta hanyar busassun tashi ko dabaru na nymphing. An sake dawo da kogin da karen ruwan kasa a shekarar 1920. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0183rij64wyjgtipu41v200opaot63a 824079 824078 2026-04-22T08:53:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 824079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bridge over the Hautapu River. ATLIB 274957.png|thumb|Kogin Hautapu (Manawatū-Whanganui)]] [[Fayil:Bridge over the Hautapu River. ATLIB 274957.png|thumb|Kogin Hautapu (Manawatū-Whanganui)]] '''Kogin Hautapu''' kogi ne dakeManawatū-Whanganui wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Ya samo asali ne daga gabas da Ngamatea Swamp Wanda yake New Zealand Waiouru wajan Horarwa na sojojin daga magudana na kudu,nazaman kansan kasar noman,kuma da wani wuraren yana biyo babbar hanyar Jiha ta 1, tsawon kilomita da yawa kafin ta shiga kogin Rangitikei da ke kudu da Taihape . == Labaran kasa == [[File:Bridge_over_the_Hautapu_River._ATLIB_274957.png|thumb| Gadar kan Kogin Hautapu, 1906]] Kogin yana da magudanan ruwa da yawa. A cikin 1908 an kwatanta ɗayan a matsayin {{Convert|15|ft|}} babba, ko da yake hoto daga wannan zamanin ya nuna yana iya zama karami. Yawancin tsayin kogin yana biye da Babban Gangar Tsibirin Arewa kuma ana haye shi sau biyu ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa. An karkatar da kogin a cikin 1905 don kauce wa buƙatar ƙarin gadoji na jirgin ƙasa guda biyu. == Kamun kifi == Ana ɗaukar Hautapu a matsayin rafi na kamun kifi . A cikin watanni na rani yana iya riƙe da ɗanɗano mai girma mai launin ruwan kasa wanda za'a iya niyya ta hanyar busassun tashi ko dabaru na nymphing. An sake dawo da kogin da karen ruwan kasa a shekarar 1920. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dlxqewlelx1ji3vs8jhzp3vs4h5utfc 824080 824079 2026-04-22T08:54:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 824080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bridge over the Hautapu River. ATLIB 274957.png|thumb|Kogin Hautapu (Manawatū-Whanganui)]] [[Fayil:Bridge over the Hautapu River. ATLIB 274957.png|thumb|Kogin Hautapu (Manawatū-Whanganui)]] '''Kogin Hautapu''' kogi ne dakeManawatū-Whanganui wanda yake yankin New Zealand. Ya samo asali ne daga gabas da Ngamatea Swamp Wanda yake New Zealand Waiouru wajan Horarwa na sojojin daga magudana na kudu,nazaman kansan kasar noman,kuma da wani wuraren yana biyo babbar hanyar Jiha ta 1, tsawon kilomita da yawa kafin ta shiga kogin Rangitikei da ke kudu da Taihape . == Labaran kasa == [[File:Bridge_over_the_Hautapu_River._ATLIB_274957.png|thumb| Gadar kan Kogin Hautapu, 1906]] Kogin yana da magudanan ruwa da yawa. A cikin 1908 an kwatanta ɗayan a matsayin {{Convert|15|ft|}} babba, ko da yake hoto daga wannan zamanin ya nuna yana iya zama karami. Yawancin tsayin kogin yana biye da Babban Gangar Tsibirin Arewa kuma ana haye shi sau biyu ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa. An karkatar da kogin a cikin 1905 don kauce wa buƙatar ƙarin gadoji na jirgin ƙasa guda biyu. == Kamun kifi == Ana ɗaukar Hautapu a matsayin rafi na kamun kifi . A cikin watanni na rani yana iya riƙe da ɗanɗano mai girma mai launin ruwan kasa wanda za'a iya niyya ta hanyar busassun tashi ko dabaru na nymphing. An sake dawo da kogin da karen ruwan kasa a shekarar 1920. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Hujja}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ajizrj47l3dlluvvu7s8env9a1p1ljx 824081 824080 2026-04-22T08:54:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 824081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bridge over the Hautapu River. ATLIB 274957.png|thumb|Kogin Hautapu (Manawatū-Whanganui)]] [[Fayil:Bridge over the Hautapu River. ATLIB 274957.png|thumb|Kogin Hautapu (Manawatū-Whanganui)]] '''Kogin Hautapu''' kogi ne dakeManawatū-Whanganui wanda yake yankin [[New Zealand]]. Ya samo asali ne daga gabas da Ngamatea Swamp Wanda yake New Zealand Waiouru wajan Horarwa na sojojin daga magudana na kudu,nazaman kansan kasar noman,kuma da wani wuraren yana biyo babbar hanyar Jiha ta 1, tsawon kilomita da yawa kafin ta shiga kogin Rangitikei da ke kudu da Taihape . == Labaran kasa == [[File:Bridge_over_the_Hautapu_River._ATLIB_274957.png|thumb| Gadar kan Kogin Hautapu, 1906]] Kogin yana da magudanan ruwa da yawa. A cikin 1908 an kwatanta ɗayan a matsayin {{Convert|15|ft|}} babba, ko da yake hoto daga wannan zamanin ya nuna yana iya zama karami. Yawancin tsayin kogin yana biye da Babban Gangar Tsibirin Arewa kuma ana haye shi sau biyu ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa. An karkatar da kogin a cikin 1905 don kauce wa buƙatar ƙarin gadoji na jirgin ƙasa guda biyu. == Kamun kifi == Ana ɗaukar Hautapu a matsayin rafi na kamun kifi . A cikin watanni na rani yana iya riƙe da ɗanɗano mai girma mai launin ruwan kasa wanda za'a iya niyya ta hanyar busassun tashi ko dabaru na nymphing. An sake dawo da kogin da karen ruwan kasa a shekarar 1920. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Hujja}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qo5clusx508n39nqnewq1uue6zkg9zk 824082 824081 2026-04-22T08:54:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 824082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bridge over the Hautapu River. ATLIB 274957.png|thumb|Kogin Hautapu (Manawatū-Whanganui)]] [[Fayil:Bridge over the Hautapu River. ATLIB 274957.png|thumb|Kogin Hautapu (Manawatū-Whanganui)]] '''Kogin Hautapu''' kogi ne dake Manawatū-Whanganui wanda yake yankin [[New Zealand]]. Ya samo asali ne daga gabas da Ngamatea Swamp Wanda yake New Zealand Waiouru wajan Horarwa na sojojin daga magudana na kudu,nazaman kansan kasar noman,kuma da wani wuraren yana biyo babbar hanyar Jiha ta 1, tsawon kilomita da yawa kafin ta shiga kogin Rangitikei da ke kudu da Taihape . == Labaran kasa == [[File:Bridge_over_the_Hautapu_River._ATLIB_274957.png|thumb| Gadar kan Kogin Hautapu, 1906]] Kogin yana da magudanan ruwa da yawa. A cikin 1908 an kwatanta ɗayan a matsayin {{Convert|15|ft|}} babba, ko da yake hoto daga wannan zamanin ya nuna yana iya zama karami. Yawancin tsayin kogin yana biye da Babban Gangar Tsibirin Arewa kuma ana haye shi sau biyu ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa. An karkatar da kogin a cikin 1905 don kauce wa buƙatar ƙarin gadoji na jirgin ƙasa guda biyu. == Kamun kifi == Ana ɗaukar Hautapu a matsayin rafi na kamun kifi . A cikin watanni na rani yana iya riƙe da ɗanɗano mai girma mai launin ruwan kasa wanda za'a iya niyya ta hanyar busassun tashi ko dabaru na nymphing. An sake dawo da kogin da karen ruwan kasa a shekarar 1920. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Hujja}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] s644dz6wph65yt76ws7561yh12dh0b1 824083 824082 2026-04-22T08:55:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 824083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bridge over the Hautapu River. ATLIB 274957.png|thumb|Kogin Hautapu (Manawatū-Whanganui)]] [[Fayil:Bridge over the Hautapu River. ATLIB 274957.png|thumb|Kogin Hautapu (Manawatū-Whanganui)]] '''Kogin Hautapu''' kogi ne dake Manawatū-Whanganui wanda yake yankin [[New Zealand]]. Ya samo asali ne daga gabas da Ngamatea Swamp Wanda yake New Zealand Waiouru wajan Horarwa na sojojin daga magudana na kudu,nazaman kansan kasar noman,kuma da wani wuraren yana biyo babbar hanyar Jiha ta 1, tsawon kilomita da yawa kafin ta shiga kogin Rangitikei da ke kudu da Taihape . == Labaran kasa == [[File:Bridge_over_the_Hautapu_River._ATLIB_274957.png|thumb| Gadar kan Kogin Hautapu, 1906]] Kogin yana da magudanan ruwa da yawa. A cikin 1908 an kwatanta ɗayan a matsayin {{Convert|15|ft|}} babba, ko da yake hoto daga wannan zamanin ya nuna yana iya zama karami. Yawancin tsayin kogin yana biye da Babban Gangar Tsibirin Arewa kuma ana haye shi sau biyu ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa. An karkatar da kogin a cikin 1905 don kauce wa buƙatar ƙarin gadoji na jirgin ƙasa guda biyu. == Kamun kifi == Ana ɗaukar Hautapu a matsayin rafi na kamun [[kifi]] . A cikin watanni na rani yana iya riƙe da ɗanɗano mai girma mai launin ruwan kasa wanda za'a iya niyya ta hanyar busassun tashi ko dabaru na nymphing. An sake dawo da kogin da karen ruwan kasa a shekarar 1920. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Hujja}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i3s97xonbbytmety05qyoeddyvs8tse 0 62215 823822 519844 2026-04-21T20:12:31Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Dana L. Christensen District Judge.jpg|thumb|Oliver Christensen]] [[Fayil:Christensen2022.jpg|thumb|Oliver Christensen]] '''Oliver Christensen'''<ref>https://www.sofascore.com/player/oliver-christensen/860306</ref> (An haifeshi ranar 22 ga watan Maris, 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Danish wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don ƙungiyar Serie A Fiorentina<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/player/oliver-christensen |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-11-03 |archive-date=2023-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103102658/https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/player/oliver-christensen |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta Italiya da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Denmark. == Aiki == An kuma haife shi a Kerteminde a tsibirin Funen, Christensen ya taka leda a sashin matasa na kulob dinsa, Kerteminde Boldklub, kafin ya koma Odense Boldklub (OB) a matakin kasa da shekaru 12. A can, ya ci gaba ta hanyar makarantar, kuma ya kammala gwaji tare da Manchester United a cikin Oktoba 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.herthabsc.com/de/mannschaften/hertha-bsc/oliver-christensen |access-date=2023-11-21 |archive-date=2021-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922023042/https://www.herthabsc.com/de/mannschaften/hertha-bsc/oliver-christensen |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin Mayu 2017, Christensen ya sanya hannu kan kwangila a matsayin ƙwararren dan wasa na shekaru uku tare da OB, kuma an haɓaka shi zuwa ƙungiyar farko. Don haka, ya zama wani ɓangare na kulob din har zuwa 2020. A cikin shekarar farko ta kwangilarsa, har yanzu ya halarci azuzuwan, bayan haka zai zama ƙwararren cikakken lokaci daga lokacin rani na 2018.<ref>https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce44/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf</ref> [[Fayil:Dagsnytt 18, Direkte - Live - NMD 2016 (26975038495).jpg|thumb|Oliver Christensen]] Ya buga wasansa na farko na gwaninta a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2018 a wasan Superliga na Danish da Brøndby IF. Ya burge a lokacin wasan, inda ya kare harbi da dama a raga daga abokan hamayyarsa. Tun lokacin da ya zama mai tsaron gida na farko na OB, yana samun laƙabi Gribben fra Kerteminde, ma'ana "ungulu daga Kerteminde" saboda girman girmansa. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1999]] ky4s1gr8t0xpni5r1ac7gg1qz5kn3wq 823823 823822 2026-04-21T20:12:46Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Dana L. Christensen District Judge.jpg|thumb|Oliver Christensen]] [[Fayil:Christensen2022.jpg|thumb|Oliver Christensen]] '''Oliver Christensen'''<ref>https://www.sofascore.com/player/oliver-christensen/860306</ref> (An haifeshi ranar 22 ga watan Maris, 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Danish wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don ƙungiyar Serie A Fiorentina<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/player/oliver-christensen |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-11-03 |archive-date=2023-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103102658/https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/player/oliver-christensen |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta Italiya da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Denmark. == Aiki == An kuma haife shi a Kerteminde a tsibirin Funen, Christensen ya taka leda a sashin matasa na kulob dinsa, Kerteminde Boldklub, kafin ya koma Odense Boldklub (OB) a matakin kasa da shekaru 12. A can, ya ci gaba ta hanyar makarantar, kuma ya kammala gwaji tare da Manchester United a cikin Oktoba 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.herthabsc.com/de/mannschaften/hertha-bsc/oliver-christensen |access-date=2023-11-21 |archive-date=2021-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922023042/https://www.herthabsc.com/de/mannschaften/hertha-bsc/oliver-christensen |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin Mayun shekarar 2017, Christensen ya sanya hannu kan kwangila a matsayin ƙwararren dan wasa na shekaru uku tare da OB, kuma an haɓaka shi zuwa ƙungiyar farko. Don haka, ya zama wani ɓangare na kulob din har zuwa 2020. A cikin shekarar farko ta kwangilarsa, har yanzu ya halarci azuzuwan, bayan haka zai zama ƙwararren cikakken lokaci daga lokacin rani na 2018.<ref>https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce44/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf</ref> [[Fayil:Dagsnytt 18, Direkte - Live - NMD 2016 (26975038495).jpg|thumb|Oliver Christensen]] Ya buga wasansa na farko na gwaninta a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2018 a wasan Superliga na Danish da Brøndby IF. Ya burge a lokacin wasan, inda ya kare harbi da dama a raga daga abokan hamayyarsa. Tun lokacin da ya zama mai tsaron gida na farko na OB, yana samun laƙabi Gribben fra Kerteminde, ma'ana "ungulu daga Kerteminde" saboda girman girmansa. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1999]] 9y7jjjmiuhhouasnw66lgnn28yyvpkq 0 62924 824002 341950 2026-04-22T08:26:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 824002 wikitext text/x-wiki Garba Hamidu Sharubutu masanin kimiyyar noma ne na Najeriya, likitan dabbobi kuma babban sakataren zartarwa, Majalisar Binciken Noma ta Najeriya. Ya wakilci Najeriya a kwamitin amintattu na gidauniyar fasahar noma ta Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arogbonlo|first=Israel|date=2023-01-30|title=Prof Sharubutu appointed in AATF board of Trustees|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/prof-sharubutu-appointed-in-aatf-board-of-trustees/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Kuruciya da ilimi == An haifi Garba Hamidu Sharubutu a ranar 19 ga watan Yuni 1961 a garin Kwande a karamar hukumar Qua'an – Pan, [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Filato]] . Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta St. John Vianney's Transferred Roman Catholic(RCM), Kwande, GSS Shendam da Makarantar Farko ta Jihar Filato (SPS), [[Keffi]]. A shekarar 1986 ya sami digirin digirgir na likitan dabbobi daga [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] ta [[Zariya]], inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar dabbobi (MVSc) a Jami’ar Ibadan a 1992 da digirin digirgir (PhD) a irin wannan fanni daga [[Jami'ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo|Jami’ar Usman Dan Fodiyo]] da [[Sokoto (birni)|ke Sakkwato]] a 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Isaac|first=Nkechi|date=2023-01-30|title=Sharubutu Joins AATF Board Of Trustees|url=https://sciencenigeria.com/sharubutu-joins-aatf-board-of-trustees/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Science Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ya lashe kyautar karramawar shugaban kasa na [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|NYSC]] na shekarar hidima ta 1986/87, kuma ya shiga Sashen Kiwo na Tarayya, Ma’aikatar Gona. A shekarar 1991, ya yi aiki da Jami’ar Usman Dan Fodiyo, Sakkwato a matsayin Mataimakin Malami. Ya samu matsayi kuma ya zama farfesa a shekara ta 2005. Ya kasance provost, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Jihar Filato daga Disamba 2013 zuwa Satumba 2019 lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin babban sakatare na riko na, Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria (ARCN).<ref>{{Cite web|last=keeper|first=House|date=2023-01-29|title=ARCN Executive Secretary gets AATF board appointment|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/arcn-executive-secretary-gets-aatf-board-appointment/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Blueprint Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> His appointment was confirmed in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Content-man|date=2020-04-29|title=Buhari confirms Prof. Sharubutu's appointment as Executive Secretary, ARCN|url=https://newsdiaryonline.com/buhari-confirms-prof-sharubutus-appointment-as-executive-secretary-arcn/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Newsdiaryonline|language=en-US}}</ref> An tabbatar da nadin nasa a shekarar 2020. A watan Janairu, 2023, an zabe shi kuma aka karbe shi a matsayin memba na Hukumar Amintattu na Gidauniyar Fasahar Noma ta Afirka (AATF). Yana wakiltar [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya]] a kungiyar da ke aikin samar da abinci a Afirka ta hanyar fasahar noma wadda ke aiki a kasashe 23 na [[Gabashin Afirka]], [[Kudancin Afirka]] da [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=2023-01-29 |title=Sharubutu joins AATF Board of Trustees |url=http://www.environewsnigeria.com/sharubutu-joins-aatf-board-of-trustees/ |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya taba zama shugaban kungiyar likitocin dabbobi ta Najeriya da kuma shugaban majalisar likitocin dabbobi ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why farmers don't benefit from research findings – Prof Sharubutu - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/why-farmers-dont-benefit-from-research-findings-prof-sharubutu/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=dailytrust.com}}</ref> Shi ne kuma babban edita na ''Journal of Applied Agricultural Research''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Journal of Applied Agricultural Research: Welcome|url=https://www.jaarbox.com/site/home|access-date=2023-06-01|website=www.jaarbox.com|archive-date=2023-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601211018/https://www.jaarbox.com/site/home|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sharubutu kuma memba ce a majalisar tsarin CGIAR.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Composition|url=https://www.cgiar.org/how-we-work/governance/system-council/sc-composition/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=CGIAR|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rigingimu == Ana zargin Sharubutu da cin zarafin ofis da kuma karya ka’idar cin karo da juna wajen bayar da kwangiloli. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}     8kbkq3vsuibi2p3b7brc01o7z362swi 824003 824002 2026-04-22T08:26:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 824003 wikitext text/x-wiki Garba Hamidu Sharubutu masanin kimiyyar noma ne na Najeriya, likitan dabbobi kuma babban sakataren zartarwa, Majalisar Binciken Noma ta [[Najeriya]]. Ya wakilci Najeriya a kwamitin amintattu na gidauniyar fasahar noma ta Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arogbonlo|first=Israel|date=2023-01-30|title=Prof Sharubutu appointed in AATF board of Trustees|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/prof-sharubutu-appointed-in-aatf-board-of-trustees/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Kuruciya da ilimi == An haifi Garba Hamidu Sharubutu a ranar 19 ga watan Yuni 1961 a garin Kwande a karamar hukumar Qua'an – Pan, [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Filato]] . Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta St. John Vianney's Transferred Roman Catholic(RCM), Kwande, GSS Shendam da Makarantar Farko ta Jihar Filato (SPS), [[Keffi]]. A shekarar 1986 ya sami digirin digirgir na likitan dabbobi daga [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] ta [[Zariya]], inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar dabbobi (MVSc) a Jami’ar Ibadan a 1992 da digirin digirgir (PhD) a irin wannan fanni daga [[Jami'ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo|Jami’ar Usman Dan Fodiyo]] da [[Sokoto (birni)|ke Sakkwato]] a 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Isaac|first=Nkechi|date=2023-01-30|title=Sharubutu Joins AATF Board Of Trustees|url=https://sciencenigeria.com/sharubutu-joins-aatf-board-of-trustees/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Science Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ya lashe kyautar karramawar shugaban kasa na [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|NYSC]] na shekarar hidima ta 1986/87, kuma ya shiga Sashen Kiwo na Tarayya, Ma’aikatar Gona. A shekarar 1991, ya yi aiki da Jami’ar Usman Dan Fodiyo, Sakkwato a matsayin Mataimakin Malami. Ya samu matsayi kuma ya zama farfesa a shekara ta 2005. Ya kasance provost, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Jihar Filato daga Disamba 2013 zuwa Satumba 2019 lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin babban sakatare na riko na, Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria (ARCN).<ref>{{Cite web|last=keeper|first=House|date=2023-01-29|title=ARCN Executive Secretary gets AATF board appointment|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/arcn-executive-secretary-gets-aatf-board-appointment/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Blueprint Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> His appointment was confirmed in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Content-man|date=2020-04-29|title=Buhari confirms Prof. Sharubutu's appointment as Executive Secretary, ARCN|url=https://newsdiaryonline.com/buhari-confirms-prof-sharubutus-appointment-as-executive-secretary-arcn/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Newsdiaryonline|language=en-US}}</ref> An tabbatar da nadin nasa a shekarar 2020. A watan Janairu, 2023, an zabe shi kuma aka karbe shi a matsayin memba na Hukumar Amintattu na Gidauniyar Fasahar Noma ta Afirka (AATF). Yana wakiltar [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya]] a kungiyar da ke aikin samar da abinci a Afirka ta hanyar fasahar noma wadda ke aiki a kasashe 23 na [[Gabashin Afirka]], [[Kudancin Afirka]] da [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=2023-01-29 |title=Sharubutu joins AATF Board of Trustees |url=http://www.environewsnigeria.com/sharubutu-joins-aatf-board-of-trustees/ |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya taba zama shugaban kungiyar likitocin dabbobi ta Najeriya da kuma shugaban majalisar likitocin dabbobi ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why farmers don't benefit from research findings – Prof Sharubutu - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/why-farmers-dont-benefit-from-research-findings-prof-sharubutu/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=dailytrust.com}}</ref> Shi ne kuma babban edita na ''Journal of Applied Agricultural Research''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Journal of Applied Agricultural Research: Welcome|url=https://www.jaarbox.com/site/home|access-date=2023-06-01|website=www.jaarbox.com|archive-date=2023-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601211018/https://www.jaarbox.com/site/home|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sharubutu kuma memba ce a majalisar tsarin CGIAR.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Composition|url=https://www.cgiar.org/how-we-work/governance/system-council/sc-composition/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=CGIAR|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rigingimu == Ana zargin Sharubutu da cin zarafin ofis da kuma karya ka’idar cin karo da juna wajen bayar da kwangiloli. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}     f0if37goly6hdmp0i2b4ya18lnfb8jm 824004 824003 2026-04-22T08:27:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 824004 wikitext text/x-wiki Garba Hamidu Sharubutu masanin kimiyyar noma ne na [[Najeriya]], likitan dabbobi kuma babban sakataren zartarwa, Majalisar Binciken Noma ta [[Najeriya]]. Ya wakilci Najeriya a kwamitin amintattu na gidauniyar fasahar noma ta Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arogbonlo|first=Israel|date=2023-01-30|title=Prof Sharubutu appointed in AATF board of Trustees|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/prof-sharubutu-appointed-in-aatf-board-of-trustees/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Kuruciya da ilimi == An haifi Garba Hamidu Sharubutu a ranar 19 ga watan Yuni 1961 a garin Kwande a karamar hukumar Qua'an – Pan, [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Filato]] . Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta St. John Vianney's Transferred Roman Catholic(RCM), Kwande, GSS Shendam da Makarantar Farko ta Jihar Filato (SPS), [[Keffi]]. A shekarar 1986 ya sami digirin digirgir na likitan dabbobi daga [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] ta [[Zariya]], inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar dabbobi (MVSc) a Jami’ar Ibadan a 1992 da digirin digirgir (PhD) a irin wannan fanni daga [[Jami'ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo|Jami’ar Usman Dan Fodiyo]] da [[Sokoto (birni)|ke Sakkwato]] a 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Isaac|first=Nkechi|date=2023-01-30|title=Sharubutu Joins AATF Board Of Trustees|url=https://sciencenigeria.com/sharubutu-joins-aatf-board-of-trustees/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Science Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ya lashe kyautar karramawar shugaban kasa na [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|NYSC]] na shekarar hidima ta 1986/87, kuma ya shiga Sashen Kiwo na Tarayya, Ma’aikatar Gona. A shekarar 1991, ya yi aiki da Jami’ar Usman Dan Fodiyo, Sakkwato a matsayin Mataimakin Malami. Ya samu matsayi kuma ya zama farfesa a shekara ta 2005. Ya kasance provost, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Jihar Filato daga Disamba 2013 zuwa Satumba 2019 lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin babban sakatare na riko na, Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria (ARCN).<ref>{{Cite web|last=keeper|first=House|date=2023-01-29|title=ARCN Executive Secretary gets AATF board appointment|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/arcn-executive-secretary-gets-aatf-board-appointment/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Blueprint Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> His appointment was confirmed in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Content-man|date=2020-04-29|title=Buhari confirms Prof. Sharubutu's appointment as Executive Secretary, ARCN|url=https://newsdiaryonline.com/buhari-confirms-prof-sharubutus-appointment-as-executive-secretary-arcn/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Newsdiaryonline|language=en-US}}</ref> An tabbatar da nadin nasa a shekarar 2020. A watan Janairu, 2023, an zabe shi kuma aka karbe shi a matsayin memba na Hukumar Amintattu na Gidauniyar Fasahar Noma ta Afirka (AATF). Yana wakiltar [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya]] a kungiyar da ke aikin samar da abinci a Afirka ta hanyar fasahar noma wadda ke aiki a kasashe 23 na [[Gabashin Afirka]], [[Kudancin Afirka]] da [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=2023-01-29 |title=Sharubutu joins AATF Board of Trustees |url=http://www.environewsnigeria.com/sharubutu-joins-aatf-board-of-trustees/ |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya taba zama shugaban kungiyar likitocin dabbobi ta Najeriya da kuma shugaban majalisar likitocin dabbobi ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why farmers don't benefit from research findings – Prof Sharubutu - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/why-farmers-dont-benefit-from-research-findings-prof-sharubutu/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=dailytrust.com}}</ref> Shi ne kuma babban edita na ''Journal of Applied Agricultural Research''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Journal of Applied Agricultural Research: Welcome|url=https://www.jaarbox.com/site/home|access-date=2023-06-01|website=www.jaarbox.com|archive-date=2023-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601211018/https://www.jaarbox.com/site/home|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sharubutu kuma memba ce a majalisar tsarin CGIAR.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Composition|url=https://www.cgiar.org/how-we-work/governance/system-council/sc-composition/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=CGIAR|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rigingimu == Ana zargin Sharubutu da cin zarafin ofis da kuma karya ka’idar cin karo da juna wajen bayar da kwangiloli. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}     qj405n7fjugpw35j0bteb3iftzqlpxr 824005 824004 2026-04-22T08:27:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 824005 wikitext text/x-wiki Garba Hamidu Sharubutu masanin kimiyyar noma ne na [[Najeriya]], likitan dabbobi kuma babban sakataren zartarwa, Majalisar Binciken Noma ta [[Najeriya]]. Ya wakilci Najeriya a kwamitin amintattu na gidauniyar fasahar noma ta [[Afirka]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arogbonlo|first=Israel|date=2023-01-30|title=Prof Sharubutu appointed in AATF board of Trustees|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/prof-sharubutu-appointed-in-aatf-board-of-trustees/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Kuruciya da ilimi == An haifi Garba Hamidu Sharubutu a ranar 19 ga watan Yuni 1961 a garin Kwande a karamar hukumar Qua'an – Pan, [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Filato]] . Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta St. John Vianney's Transferred Roman Catholic(RCM), Kwande, GSS Shendam da Makarantar Farko ta Jihar Filato (SPS), [[Keffi]]. A shekarar 1986 ya sami digirin digirgir na likitan dabbobi daga [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] ta [[Zariya]], inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar dabbobi (MVSc) a Jami’ar Ibadan a 1992 da digirin digirgir (PhD) a irin wannan fanni daga [[Jami'ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo|Jami’ar Usman Dan Fodiyo]] da [[Sokoto (birni)|ke Sakkwato]] a 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Isaac|first=Nkechi|date=2023-01-30|title=Sharubutu Joins AATF Board Of Trustees|url=https://sciencenigeria.com/sharubutu-joins-aatf-board-of-trustees/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Science Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ya lashe kyautar karramawar shugaban kasa na [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|NYSC]] na shekarar hidima ta 1986/87, kuma ya shiga Sashen Kiwo na Tarayya, Ma’aikatar Gona. A shekarar 1991, ya yi aiki da Jami’ar Usman Dan Fodiyo, Sakkwato a matsayin Mataimakin Malami. Ya samu matsayi kuma ya zama farfesa a shekara ta 2005. Ya kasance provost, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Jihar Filato daga Disamba 2013 zuwa Satumba 2019 lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin babban sakatare na riko na, Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria (ARCN).<ref>{{Cite web|last=keeper|first=House|date=2023-01-29|title=ARCN Executive Secretary gets AATF board appointment|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/arcn-executive-secretary-gets-aatf-board-appointment/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Blueprint Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> His appointment was confirmed in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Content-man|date=2020-04-29|title=Buhari confirms Prof. Sharubutu's appointment as Executive Secretary, ARCN|url=https://newsdiaryonline.com/buhari-confirms-prof-sharubutus-appointment-as-executive-secretary-arcn/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Newsdiaryonline|language=en-US}}</ref> An tabbatar da nadin nasa a shekarar 2020. A watan Janairu, 2023, an zabe shi kuma aka karbe shi a matsayin memba na Hukumar Amintattu na Gidauniyar Fasahar Noma ta Afirka (AATF). Yana wakiltar [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya]] a kungiyar da ke aikin samar da abinci a Afirka ta hanyar fasahar noma wadda ke aiki a kasashe 23 na [[Gabashin Afirka]], [[Kudancin Afirka]] da [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=2023-01-29 |title=Sharubutu joins AATF Board of Trustees |url=http://www.environewsnigeria.com/sharubutu-joins-aatf-board-of-trustees/ |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya taba zama shugaban kungiyar likitocin dabbobi ta Najeriya da kuma shugaban majalisar likitocin dabbobi ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why farmers don't benefit from research findings – Prof Sharubutu - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/why-farmers-dont-benefit-from-research-findings-prof-sharubutu/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=dailytrust.com}}</ref> Shi ne kuma babban edita na ''Journal of Applied Agricultural Research''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Journal of Applied Agricultural Research: Welcome|url=https://www.jaarbox.com/site/home|access-date=2023-06-01|website=www.jaarbox.com|archive-date=2023-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601211018/https://www.jaarbox.com/site/home|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sharubutu kuma memba ce a majalisar tsarin CGIAR.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Composition|url=https://www.cgiar.org/how-we-work/governance/system-council/sc-composition/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=CGIAR|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rigingimu == Ana zargin Sharubutu da cin zarafin ofis da kuma karya ka’idar cin karo da juna wajen bayar da kwangiloli. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}     426xemuamkutzgpac4gpgme4tgyrule 824007 824005 2026-04-22T08:28:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 824007 wikitext text/x-wiki Garba Hamidu Sharubutu masanin kimiyyar noma ne na [[Najeriya]], likitan dabbobi kuma babban sakataren zartarwa, Majalisar Binciken Noma ta [[Najeriya]]. Ya wakilci Najeriya a kwamitin amintattu na gidauniyar fasahar noma ta [[Afirka]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arogbonlo|first=Israel|date=2023-01-30|title=Prof Sharubutu appointed in AATF board of Trustees|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/prof-sharubutu-appointed-in-aatf-board-of-trustees/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Kuruciya da ilimi == An haifi Garba Hamidu Sharubutu a ranar 19 ga watan Yuni 1961 a garin Kwande a karamar hukumar Qua'an – Pan, [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Filato]] . Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta St. John Vianney's Transferred Roman Catholic(RCM), Kwande, GSS Shendam da Makarantar Farko ta Jihar Filato (SPS), [[Keffi]]. A shekarar 1986 ya sami digirin digirgir na likitan dabbobi daga [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] ta [[Zariya]], inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar dabbobi (MVSc) a Jami’ar Ibadan a 1992 da digirin digirgir (PhD) a irin wannan fanni daga [[Jami'ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo|Jami’ar Usman Dan Fodiyo]] da [[Sokoto (birni)|ke Sakkwato]] a 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Isaac|first=Nkechi|date=2023-01-30|title=Sharubutu Joins AATF Board Of Trustees|url=https://sciencenigeria.com/sharubutu-joins-aatf-board-of-trustees/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Science Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ya lashe kyautar karramawar shugaban kasa na [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|NYSC]] na shekarar hidima ta 1986/87, kuma ya shiga Sashen Kiwo na Tarayya, Ma’aikatar Gona. A shekarar 1991, ya yi aiki da Jami’ar Usman Dan Fodiyo, Sakkwato a matsayin Mataimakin Malami. Ya samu matsayi kuma ya zama farfesa a shekara ta 2005. Ya kasance provost, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Jihar Filato daga Disamba 2013 zuwa Satumba 2019 lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin babban sakatare na riko na, Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria (ARCN).<ref>{{Cite web|last=keeper|first=House|date=2023-01-29|title=ARCN Executive Secretary gets AATF board appointment|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/arcn-executive-secretary-gets-aatf-board-appointment/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Blueprint Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> His appointment was confirmed in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Content-man|date=2020-04-29|title=Buhari confirms Prof. Sharubutu's appointment as Executive Secretary, ARCN|url=https://newsdiaryonline.com/buhari-confirms-prof-sharubutus-appointment-as-executive-secretary-arcn/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Newsdiaryonline|language=en-US}}</ref> An tabbatar da nadin nasa a shekarar 2020. A watan Janairu, 2023, an zabe shi kuma aka karbe shi a matsayin memba na Hukumar Amintattu na Gidauniyar Fasahar Noma ta Afirka (AATF). Yana wakiltar [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya]] a kungiyar da ke aikin samar da abinci a Afirka ta hanyar fasahar noma wadda ke aiki a kasashe 23 na [[Gabashin Afirka]], [[Kudancin Afirka]] da [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=2023-01-29 |title=Sharubutu joins AATF Board of Trustees |url=http://www.environewsnigeria.com/sharubutu-joins-aatf-board-of-trustees/ |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya taba zama shugaban kungiyar likitocin dabbobi ta Najeriya da kuma shugaban majalisar likitocin dabbobi ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why farmers don't benefit from research findings – Prof Sharubutu - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/why-farmers-dont-benefit-from-research-findings-prof-sharubutu/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=dailytrust.com}}</ref> Shi ne kuma babban edita na ''Journal of Applied Agricultural Research''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Journal of Applied Agricultural Research: Welcome|url=https://www.jaarbox.com/site/home|access-date=2023-06-01|website=www.jaarbox.com|archive-date=2023-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601211018/https://www.jaarbox.com/site/home|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sharubutu kuma memba ce a majalisar tsarin CGIAR.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Composition|url=https://www.cgiar.org/how-we-work/governance/system-council/sc-composition/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=CGIAR|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rigingimu == Ana zargin Sharubutu da cin zarafin ofis da kuma karya ka’idar cin karo da juna wajen bayar da kwangiloli. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}     hx0qzdvg5fm5wnroujepkxhyof72yoq 824008 824007 2026-04-22T08:30:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 824008 wikitext text/x-wiki Garba Hamidu Sharubutu masanin kimiyyar noma ne na [[Najeriya]], likitan dabbobi kuma babban sakataren zartarwa, Majalisar Binciken Noma ta [[Najeriya]]. Ya wakilci [[Najeriya]] a kwamitin amintattu na gidauniyar fasahar noma ta [[Afirka]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arogbonlo|first=Israel|date=2023-01-30|title=Prof Sharubutu appointed in AATF board of Trustees|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/prof-sharubutu-appointed-in-aatf-board-of-trustees/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Kuruciya da ilimi == An haifi Garba Hamidu Sharubutu a ranar 19 ga watan Yuni 1961 a garin Kwande a karamar hukumar Qua'an – Pan, [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Filato]] . Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta St. John Vianney's Transferred Roman Catholic(RCM), Kwande, GSS Shendam da Makarantar Farko ta Jihar Filato (SPS), [[Keffi]]. A shekarar 1986 ya sami digirin digirgir na likitan dabbobi daga [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] ta [[Zariya]], inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar dabbobi (MVSc) a Jami’ar Ibadan a 1992 da digirin digirgir (PhD) a irin wannan fanni daga [[Jami'ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo|Jami’ar Usman Dan Fodiyo]] da [[Sokoto (birni)|ke Sakkwato]] a 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Isaac|first=Nkechi|date=2023-01-30|title=Sharubutu Joins AATF Board Of Trustees|url=https://sciencenigeria.com/sharubutu-joins-aatf-board-of-trustees/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Science Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ya lashe kyautar karramawar shugaban kasa na [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|NYSC]] na shekarar hidima ta 1986/87, kuma ya shiga Sashen Kiwo na Tarayya, Ma’aikatar Gona. A shekarar 1991, ya yi aiki da Jami’ar Usman Dan Fodiyo, Sakkwato a matsayin Mataimakin Malami. Ya samu matsayi kuma ya zama farfesa a shekara ta 2005. Ya kasance provost, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Jihar Filato daga Disamba 2013 zuwa Satumba 2019 lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin babban sakatare na riko na, Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria (ARCN).<ref>{{Cite web|last=keeper|first=House|date=2023-01-29|title=ARCN Executive Secretary gets AATF board appointment|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/arcn-executive-secretary-gets-aatf-board-appointment/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Blueprint Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> His appointment was confirmed in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Content-man|date=2020-04-29|title=Buhari confirms Prof. Sharubutu's appointment as Executive Secretary, ARCN|url=https://newsdiaryonline.com/buhari-confirms-prof-sharubutus-appointment-as-executive-secretary-arcn/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=Newsdiaryonline|language=en-US}}</ref> An tabbatar da nadin nasa a shekarar 2020. A watan Janairu, 2023, an zabe shi kuma aka karbe shi a matsayin memba na Hukumar Amintattu na Gidauniyar Fasahar Noma ta Afirka (AATF). Yana wakiltar [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya]] a kungiyar da ke aikin samar da abinci a Afirka ta hanyar fasahar noma wadda ke aiki a kasashe 23 na [[Gabashin Afirka]], [[Kudancin Afirka]] da [[Afirka ta Yamma]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=2023-01-29 |title=Sharubutu joins AATF Board of Trustees |url=http://www.environewsnigeria.com/sharubutu-joins-aatf-board-of-trustees/ |access-date=2023-06-01 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya taba zama shugaban kungiyar likitocin dabbobi ta Najeriya da kuma shugaban majalisar likitocin dabbobi ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why farmers don't benefit from research findings – Prof Sharubutu - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/why-farmers-dont-benefit-from-research-findings-prof-sharubutu/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=dailytrust.com}}</ref> Shi ne kuma babban edita na ''Journal of Applied Agricultural Research''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Journal of Applied Agricultural Research: Welcome|url=https://www.jaarbox.com/site/home|access-date=2023-06-01|website=www.jaarbox.com|archive-date=2023-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601211018/https://www.jaarbox.com/site/home|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sharubutu kuma memba ce a majalisar tsarin CGIAR.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Composition|url=https://www.cgiar.org/how-we-work/governance/system-council/sc-composition/|access-date=2023-06-01|website=CGIAR|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rigingimu == Ana zargin Sharubutu da cin zarafin ofis da kuma karya ka’idar cin karo da juna wajen bayar da kwangiloli. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}     hm6rajcook2ynuvo2ekaswwd6mgvlii 0 63087 823635 528554 2026-04-21T15:08:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 823635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|300x300px| Kasashen da Najeriya ke da huldar diflomasiya da su.]] Tun lokacin da 'yancin kai, tare da [[Jaja Wachuku]] a matsayin Ministan [[Ministan Harkokin Waje (Najeriya)|Harkokin Waje]] na farko da Harkokin Commonwealth, daga baya aka kira Harkokin Harkokin Waje, Harkokin Harkokin Waje [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Nijeriya]] ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga [[Afirka]] a matsayin ikon yanki da kuma jingina ga wasu muhimman ka'idoji: haɗin kai da 'yancin kai na Afirka; yana yin amfani da tasirin hegemonic a cikin yankin: sasanta rikice-rikice cikin lumana; rashin daidaito da tsoma baki cikin al'amuran cikin gida na sauran al'ummomi; da hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankin. A wajen aiwatar da wadannan ka'idoji, Najeriya na shiga cikin [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]], [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] (ECOWAS), Kungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Rigakafi, Kungiyar Kasashen Commonwealth, da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . == Najeriya da 'yantar da Afirka == Bayan samun 'yencin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta yi gaggawar sadaukar da kanta wajen inganta rayuwar al'ummar kasar da kuma amfani da albarkatun da suka rage masu muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma makwabtanta. Ta hanyar lura da irin fa'ida da dacewa ga kasar, Najeriya ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afrika (OAU), wadda daga baya ta zama Tarayyar Afirka. Kungiyar hadin kan Afrika na duba zaman lafiyar kowace kasashen Afirka da kuma karfafa musu gwiwa da su gudanar da tarukan yanki na kungiyar. Najeriya ta goyi bayan jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar daukar tsauraran matakai dangane da gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu da ayyukan sojan da suke yi a kudancin Afirka. Najeriya da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU, yanzu [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] ), suna da tasiri sosai a kasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma]] da Afirka baki daya. Najeriya ta kuma kafa kokarin hadin gwiwa a yankin yammacin Afirka, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da misali ga [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] da [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]], kungiyoyin tattalin arziki da na soja, bi da bi. Hakazalika, lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke a [[Angola|kasar Angola]] bayan kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Portugal a shekarar 1975, Najeriya ta zaburar da tasirinta na diflomasiyya a nahiyar Afirka domin nuna goyon baya ga Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Wannan tallafin ya taimaka wajen daidaita daidaiton su, wanda ya sa OAU ta amince da MPLA a kan Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don Gabatar da 'Yancin Angola. Najeriya ta ba da goyon bayan diflomasiyya ga wata kungiyar Sam Nujoma ta Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma a Namibiya, don dakatar da mulkin wariyar launin fata da Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa a can. A shekarar 1977, sabon mulkin soja na Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 20 ga yunkurin Zimbabwe na yaki da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Rhodesia . Najeriya ta kuma aike da kayan aikin soji zuwa kasar Mozambique domin taimakawa sabuwar kasar da ta samu 'yancin kai wajen murkushe 'yan tawayen kasar Mozambique da ke samun goyon bayan Afirka ta Kudu. Najeriya ta kuma ba da horon soji a sashin soja na farko na kanikanci a Kaduna da sauran tallafi na kayan aiki ga Joshua Nkomo da dakarun sa-kai na Robert Mugabe a lokacin yakin Zimbabwe a 1979 kan mulkin farar fata marasa rinjaye na Firayim Minista Ian Douglas Smith a 1979, wanda ya samu goyon bayan wariyar launin fata - gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Sakamakon rashin tafiyar da tattalin arzikinta da fasahar kere-kere, Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za ta kaddamar da shirin nukiliyar na "mara iyaka" na kanta amma abin ya ci tura. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta nuna matukar muhimmancinta wajen inganta tattalin arzikin al’umma, ta kuma fara mayar da wasu kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da ke kasuwanci tare da karya takunkumin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ayyukan gida na bankin Barclays. An mayar da kasar ne bayan bankin ya yi watsi da zanga-zangar da al'ummar Najeriya suka yi. Haka kuma Najeriya ta mayar da kamfanin man fetur na kasar Britaniya (BP) kasa domin isar da mai ga kasar Afrika ta kudu. A shekarar 1982, gwamnatin Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] ta bukaci [[John Paul na Biyu|Fafaroma John Paul na biyu]] da ya kawo ziyarar aiki ga shugabannin kungiyoyin asiri na kudancin Afirka Oliver Tambo na ANC da Sam Nujoma na SWAPO. A watan Disambar 1983, sabon mulkin Manjo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sanar da cewa Najeriya ba za ta iya sake samun mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ba. duk da haka, Najeriya ce kasa ta farko a bakar fata a doron kasa saboda yawan al'ummarta, Najeriya na da matukar fa'ida kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za ta zama mai karfin fada a ji a fagen duniya. == Najeriya da yammacin Afrika == A ci gaba da cimma burin hadin gwiwa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, Najeriya ta taimaka wajen samar da kungiyar ECOWAS, mai neman daidaita harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari ga kasashe mambobinta 16 na Afirka ta Yamma, a karshe ta cimma cikakkiyar kungiyar kwastam, da kuma kafa kudi guda. Najeriya ta kuma yi gaba wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin kasashe masu tasowa kan bukatar gyara tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa. Najeriya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] na kawo karshen yakin basasa a Laberiya kuma ta ba da gudummawar mafi yawan dakarun [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19362200903361945 wanzar da zaman lafiya da kungiyar ta ECOWAS] ta tura can a shekarar 1990. Har ila yau Najeriya ta ba da mafi yawan sojojin ga dakarun [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Saliyo]] . Najeriya gaba daya tana da kyakkyawar alaka da makwabtanta. Najeriya ta taka rawar gani sosai a yammacin Afirka, tare da babban karfin soja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces?wprov=sfla1], Najeriya ta dawwama a burinta na inganta zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a yankin da ya fi wadata a Afirka sama da shekaru talatin. == Najeriya da Ƙungiyoyin Duniya == Najeriya memba ce a Ƙungiyoyi kamar haka: * Rukunin Kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific * Bankin Raya Afirka * [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] * Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci gaba mai Dorewa a Kudancin * Commonwealth of Nations * [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] * Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma * Rukuni na 15 * [[Group of 19|G-19]] * Rukuni na 24 * Rukuni na 77 * Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya * Bankin Duniya na Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba * Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya * [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya * Kudin hannun jari International Finance Corporation * [[Asusun Tallafawa Noma na Duniya]] * International Hydrographic Organization * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya * Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya * Ƙungiyar Tauraron Dan Adam ta Duniya * Kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa * [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa]] * Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya * Interpol * Motsin da ba a daidaita shi ba * Kungiyar Hana Makamai Masu Guba * [[OPEC|Kungiyar kasashe masu arzikin man fetur]] * [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|Kungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci]] * Kotun Kotu ta Dindindin * [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba * [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * [[UNESCO|Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Kungiyar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Tawagar sa ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Iraki-Kuwait * Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kosovo * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Yammacin Sahara * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bosnia da Herzegovina * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Prevlaka * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Tajikistan * Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Universal Postal Union * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Hukumar Kwastam ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Duniya * Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya * Kungiyar yawon bude ido ta duniya * [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya]] Gwamnatin Babangida ta shiga kungiyar kasashen musulmi ta OIC, yanzu [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|kungiyar hadin kan kasashen musulmi]], duk da cewa shugaba Obasanjo ya nuna cewa watakila ya sake duba kasancewar Najeriya mamba, ana kuma yin tsokaci ga Najeriya don kara kulla alaka tsakanin kasashen biyu. == Afirka == {{Gyara Fassara}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Algeria}} |2 September 1968 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968 * Algeria has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Aljir|Algiers]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Angola}} | |See [[Dangantakar Angola da Najeriya|Angola–Nigeria relations]] Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the [[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]], the African Union and other multilateral organizations. The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples. * Angola has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Luanda]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Benin}} |12 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou. * Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Cotonou]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |19 February 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials. * Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ouagadougou]]. |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |6 November 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cameroon}} | |See Cameroon-Nigeria relations A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich [[Bakassi|Bakassi Peninsula]] was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the [[Yarjejeniyar "Greentree Agreement"|Greentree Agreement]] which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013. Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998. * Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]], a consulate-general in [[Douala]] and a consulate in Buea. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chad}} | |See Chad–Nigeria relations Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties. * Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970. * Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bangui]]. |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |5 November 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1982. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | | * DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |26 July 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961. * Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abidjan]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Egypt}} | | * Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |25 January 1969 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969 * Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Malabo]] and a consulate in Bata. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} | |{{Main|Ethiopia–Nigeria relations}} * Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gabon}} |18 January 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973 * Gabon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Libreville]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gambia}} | | * Gambia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Banjul]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ghana}} |1 October 1960 |See [[Dangantaka Ghana da Najeriya|Ghana–Nigeria relations]] Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960 Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed [[Hilla Limann|Limann]] in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries. In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.<ref name="cs" /> Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.<ref name="cs" /> Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations. * Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Accra]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guinea}} | | * Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Conakry]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Kenya}} | |See Kenya–Nigeria relations * Kenya has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Nairobi]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Liberia}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date. * Liberia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Monrovia]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Libya}} | | Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010. The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]], that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. Gaddaffi had made the suggestion in light of [[Rikicin Jos, 2010|recent violence]] between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.<ref name="BBCnews" /> In addition Gaddaffi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.<ref name="BBCnews" /> The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews" /> The [[Majalisar Najeriya|Nigerian National Assembly]] has requested that the government ask the [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Nations]] to prohibit Gaddaffi from calling for the division of Nigeria.<ref name="Xinhua" /> The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an [[Tarayyar Afrika|African Union]] investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators". * Libya has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tripoli]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |24 June 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971 * Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malawi}} |29 November 1969 |See Malawi–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969. * Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Lilongwe]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mali}} |1 August 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Mali has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bamako]]. |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |16 June 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1976 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Morocco}} | | * Morocco has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rabat]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |25 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975. * Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Maputo]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 March 1990 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990. * Namibia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Windhoek]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Niger}} |8 June 1961 |See Niger–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large [[Hausawa|Hausa]] minority on each side of their 1500&nbsp;km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state. The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger. * Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Niamey]]. |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |10 June 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972 when appointed first Ambassador of Nigeria to Rwanda (resident in Kampala) Mr. Mbom Etuk. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |30 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Sao Tomé|São Tomé]]. * São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Senegal}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dakar]]. * Senegal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27 April 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Freetown]]. * Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Africa}} |21 February 1994 |See Nigeria–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994 * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Pretoria]] and a consulate-general in [[Johannesburg]]. * South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sudan}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an Embassy in Khartoum. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Khartoum]]. * Sudan has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Tanzania}} | | * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]]. * Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Togo}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lomé]]. * Togo has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |15 January 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Harare]]. * Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Amurka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Argentina}} |15 August 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961 * Argentina has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Barbados}} |24 April 1970 |See Barbados–Nigeria relations * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970 * Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. * Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria. In 2006 the Governor [[Gbenga Daniel|Otunba Gbenga Daniel]] of the Nigerian state of [[Ogun]] announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria. Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belize}} |19 April 1982 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1982. * Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Brazil}} |16 August 1961 |See Brazil–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961 Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade. * Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Brasilia|Brasília]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Canada}} |1 October 1960 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 * Canada has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission on Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Ottawa]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192045/http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/geo/nigeria-en.aspx Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Nigeria] |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chile}} |5 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961 * Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. * Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Colombia}} |1 January 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979 * Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana. * Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |26 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cuba}} |1 July 1974 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974 * Cuba has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Havana]]. |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |23 July 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2001 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |10 December 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979 * Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guyana}} |27 June 1970 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1970 * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |28 January 1978 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1978. |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |25 September 2013 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2013. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |29 April 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970 * Jamaica has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |14 April 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976 See Mexico–Nigeria relations * Mexico has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]]. |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |12 February 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2001 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |7 July 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1971 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Port of Spain]]. * Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in Abuja. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United States}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See [[Tarihin Dangantakar Najeriya da Amurka|Nigeria–United States relations]] After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|human rights]] abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995. After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good. The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 attacks]]. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]]. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Sub-Saharan Africa]]. As a member of the [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|International Criminal Court]] Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Atlanta]] and [[New York (birni)|New York City]]. * United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |20 February 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965 * Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. * Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |16 March 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Karakas|Caracas]]. * Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Asiya == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Armenia}} |4 February 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993 * Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |11 March 1992 |See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations * Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date * Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |3 January 1976 |See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|OIC]] and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley|Next Eleven]] economies. * Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dhaka]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|China}} |10 February 1971 |See [[Alaƙar China da Najeriya|China–Nigeria relations]] Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971. Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support. In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the [[Majalisar Najeriya|National Assembly of Nigeria]]. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership. China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. * China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|India}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Indiya|India–Nigeria relations]] The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's [[Danyen mai|crude oil]] needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa. * India has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[New Delhi]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5 March 1965 |See Indonesia–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965 * Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Iran}} |5 May 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972 * Iran has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tehran]]. |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |6 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1961 when Iraq opened its Embassy in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Israel}} |1 October 1960 |See Israel–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960. Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better. * Israel has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Japan}} | |See Japan-Nigeria relations * Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]]. |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |30 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1961 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |8 January 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level * Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|North Korea}} |1976 |See Nigeria–North Korea relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]] * North Korea has an embassy in Abuja |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malaysia}} | |See Malaysia–Nigeria relations * Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |1 March 1989 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1989 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |8 January 1981 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1981 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | |See Nigeria–Pakistan relations [[File:Defense_attachés_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base,_Abuja,_Nigeria.jpg|right|thumb|Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, [[Abuja]], Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during ''Africa Endeavour 2008''.]] The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie" * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Islamabad]]. * Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Philippines}} |1 August 1962 |See Nigeria–Philippines relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Manila]]. * Philippines has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Qatar}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Doha]]. * Qatar has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate-general in [[Jeddah]]. * Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Korea}} |22 January 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980 Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Seoul]]. * South Korea has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |30 September 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1965 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Turkey}} |16 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Charge d'Affaires. * [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]]. * Turkey has an embassy in [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" /> * Trade volume between the two countries was US$726 million in 2019.<ref name="auto148" /> * There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abuja]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] and [[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" /> |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |20 January 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]. * United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |25 May 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. * Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |12 May 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1979 |} == Turai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |22 May 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1973. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Austria}} |21 December 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its Embassy in Lagos. * Austria has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belgium}} |4 February 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961 * Belgium has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} | | * Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Prag|Prague]]. |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |15 February 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1962 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Nigeria Mr. Karl Borge Raavad |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |18 January 1963 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1963 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|France}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960(Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965) * France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Faris|Paris]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Germany}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See Germany-Nigeria relations * Germany has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in Frankfurt. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Greece}} | |See Greece-Nigeria relations Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling. There is a small Greek business community in Lagos. * Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Athens]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ireland}} | | * Ireland has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dublin]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Italy}} | | * Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rum|Rome]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Hungary}} | | * Hungary has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Budapest]]. |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |29 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Netherlands}} | | * Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague. |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Poland}} |30 May 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962 See Nigeria–Poland relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]]. * Poland has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Portugal}} |10 July 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lisbon]]. * Portugal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Russia}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Rasha|Nigeria–Russia relations]] * Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow. * Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Madrid]]. * Spain has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sweden}} |3 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Stockholm]]. * Sweden has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |10 December 1992 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1992 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |1 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Landan|London]]. * United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt. |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Ƙasa ! style="width:12%;" | An Fara Dangantaka ta Gaskiya ! Bayanan kula |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Australia}}</img>{{Flag|Australia}} | | * Ostiraliya tana da babban kwamiti a Abuja. * Najeriya tana da babban kwamiti a [[Kanberra|Canberra]] . * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |- valign="top" |{{Flag|New Zealand}}</img>{{Flag|New Zealand}} | Afrilu 16, 1982 | Kasashen biyu sun kulla huldar diflomasiyya a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1982 lokacin da Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya na farko a Canberra, Mista Edward Sanu ya mika takardar shaidarsa ga Janar Janar na New Zealand * Kasar New Zealand ta samu karbuwa ga Najeriya daga ofishin jakadancinta da ke Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. * Najeriya ta samu karbuwa ga kasar New Zealand daga babban hukumar da ke Canberra, Australia. * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |} == Rikicin kasa da kasa == An kammala keɓe iyakokin kasa da kasa a kusa da [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]], wanda rashin abin da ya haifar da al'amuran kan iyaka a baya, ana jiran amincewa da [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da Najeriya; Rikicin da ake yi da Kamaru kan iyakokin kasa da na ruwa da ke kewayen [[Bakassi|yankin Bakasi]] a halin yanzu yana gaban kotun kasa da kasa ; Rikicin kan iyakar teku da [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] saboda takaddamar hukunce-hukuncen yankunan da ke da arzikin mai a [[Tekun Guinea|mashigin tekun Guinea]] . == Najeriya da ƙungiyar Commonwealth == Tarayyar Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1960 tare da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu]] a matsayin Sarauniyar Najeriya . Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a cikin kasashen Commonwealth a shekarar 1963, lokacin da Gwamna-Janar na Najeriya [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban Najeriya]] na farko . An dakatar da Najeriya daga kungiyar Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka maido da cikakken mambanta. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6fw18grlwtlzixyggzfs2uzst7v4rh8 823636 823635 2026-04-21T15:09:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 823636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|300x300px| Kasashen da Najeriya ke da huldar diflomasiya da su.]] Tun lokacin da 'yancin kai, tare da [[Jaja Wachuku]] a matsayin Ministan [[Ministan Harkokin Waje (Najeriya)|Harkokin Waje]] na farko da Harkokin Commonwealth, daga baya aka kira Harkokin Harkokin Waje, Harkokin Harkokin Waje [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Nijeriya]] ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga nahiyar [[Afirka]] a matsayin ikon yanki da kuma jingina ga wasu muhimman ka'idoji: haɗin kai da 'yancin kai na Afirka; yana yin amfani da tasirin hegemonic a cikin yankin: sasanta rikice-rikice cikin lumana; rashin daidaito da tsoma baki cikin al'amuran cikin gida na sauran al'ummomi; da hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankin. A wajen aiwatar da wadannan ka'idoji, Najeriya na shiga cikin [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]], [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] (ECOWAS), Kungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Rigakafi, Kungiyar Kasashen Commonwealth, da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . == Najeriya da 'yantar da Afirka == Bayan samun 'yencin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta yi gaggawar sadaukar da kanta wajen inganta rayuwar al'ummar kasar da kuma amfani da albarkatun da suka rage masu muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma makwabtanta. Ta hanyar lura da irin fa'ida da dacewa ga kasar, Najeriya ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afrika (OAU), wadda daga baya ta zama Tarayyar Afirka. Kungiyar hadin kan Afrika na duba zaman lafiyar kowace kasashen Afirka da kuma karfafa musu gwiwa da su gudanar da tarukan yanki na kungiyar. Najeriya ta goyi bayan jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar daukar tsauraran matakai dangane da gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu da ayyukan sojan da suke yi a kudancin Afirka. Najeriya da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU, yanzu [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] ), suna da tasiri sosai a kasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma]] da Afirka baki daya. Najeriya ta kuma kafa kokarin hadin gwiwa a yankin yammacin Afirka, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da misali ga [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] da [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]], kungiyoyin tattalin arziki da na soja, bi da bi. Hakazalika, lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke a [[Angola|kasar Angola]] bayan kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Portugal a shekarar 1975, Najeriya ta zaburar da tasirinta na diflomasiyya a nahiyar Afirka domin nuna goyon baya ga Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Wannan tallafin ya taimaka wajen daidaita daidaiton su, wanda ya sa OAU ta amince da MPLA a kan Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don Gabatar da 'Yancin Angola. Najeriya ta ba da goyon bayan diflomasiyya ga wata kungiyar Sam Nujoma ta Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma a Namibiya, don dakatar da mulkin wariyar launin fata da Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa a can. A shekarar 1977, sabon mulkin soja na Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 20 ga yunkurin Zimbabwe na yaki da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Rhodesia . Najeriya ta kuma aike da kayan aikin soji zuwa kasar Mozambique domin taimakawa sabuwar kasar da ta samu 'yancin kai wajen murkushe 'yan tawayen kasar Mozambique da ke samun goyon bayan Afirka ta Kudu. Najeriya ta kuma ba da horon soji a sashin soja na farko na kanikanci a Kaduna da sauran tallafi na kayan aiki ga Joshua Nkomo da dakarun sa-kai na Robert Mugabe a lokacin yakin Zimbabwe a 1979 kan mulkin farar fata marasa rinjaye na Firayim Minista Ian Douglas Smith a 1979, wanda ya samu goyon bayan wariyar launin fata - gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Sakamakon rashin tafiyar da tattalin arzikinta da fasahar kere-kere, Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za ta kaddamar da shirin nukiliyar na "mara iyaka" na kanta amma abin ya ci tura. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta nuna matukar muhimmancinta wajen inganta tattalin arzikin al’umma, ta kuma fara mayar da wasu kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da ke kasuwanci tare da karya takunkumin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ayyukan gida na bankin Barclays. An mayar da kasar ne bayan bankin ya yi watsi da zanga-zangar da al'ummar Najeriya suka yi. Haka kuma Najeriya ta mayar da kamfanin man fetur na kasar Britaniya (BP) kasa domin isar da mai ga kasar Afrika ta kudu. A shekarar 1982, gwamnatin Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] ta bukaci [[John Paul na Biyu|Fafaroma John Paul na biyu]] da ya kawo ziyarar aiki ga shugabannin kungiyoyin asiri na kudancin Afirka Oliver Tambo na ANC da Sam Nujoma na SWAPO. A watan Disambar 1983, sabon mulkin Manjo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sanar da cewa Najeriya ba za ta iya sake samun mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ba. duk da haka, Najeriya ce kasa ta farko a bakar fata a doron kasa saboda yawan al'ummarta, Najeriya na da matukar fa'ida kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za ta zama mai karfin fada a ji a fagen duniya. == Najeriya da yammacin Afrika == A ci gaba da cimma burin hadin gwiwa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, Najeriya ta taimaka wajen samar da kungiyar ECOWAS, mai neman daidaita harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari ga kasashe mambobinta 16 na Afirka ta Yamma, a karshe ta cimma cikakkiyar kungiyar kwastam, da kuma kafa kudi guda. Najeriya ta kuma yi gaba wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin kasashe masu tasowa kan bukatar gyara tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa. Najeriya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] na kawo karshen yakin basasa a Laberiya kuma ta ba da gudummawar mafi yawan dakarun [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19362200903361945 wanzar da zaman lafiya da kungiyar ta ECOWAS] ta tura can a shekarar 1990. Har ila yau Najeriya ta ba da mafi yawan sojojin ga dakarun [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Saliyo]] . Najeriya gaba daya tana da kyakkyawar alaka da makwabtanta. Najeriya ta taka rawar gani sosai a yammacin Afirka, tare da babban karfin soja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces?wprov=sfla1], Najeriya ta dawwama a burinta na inganta zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a yankin da ya fi wadata a Afirka sama da shekaru talatin. == Najeriya da Ƙungiyoyin Duniya == Najeriya memba ce a Ƙungiyoyi kamar haka: * Rukunin Kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific * Bankin Raya Afirka * [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] * Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci gaba mai Dorewa a Kudancin * Commonwealth of Nations * [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] * Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma * Rukuni na 15 * [[Group of 19|G-19]] * Rukuni na 24 * Rukuni na 77 * Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya * Bankin Duniya na Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba * Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya * [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya * Kudin hannun jari International Finance Corporation * [[Asusun Tallafawa Noma na Duniya]] * International Hydrographic Organization * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya * Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya * Ƙungiyar Tauraron Dan Adam ta Duniya * Kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa * [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa]] * Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya * Interpol * Motsin da ba a daidaita shi ba * Kungiyar Hana Makamai Masu Guba * [[OPEC|Kungiyar kasashe masu arzikin man fetur]] * [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|Kungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci]] * Kotun Kotu ta Dindindin * [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba * [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * [[UNESCO|Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Kungiyar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Tawagar sa ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Iraki-Kuwait * Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kosovo * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Yammacin Sahara * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bosnia da Herzegovina * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Prevlaka * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Tajikistan * Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Universal Postal Union * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Hukumar Kwastam ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Duniya * Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya * Kungiyar yawon bude ido ta duniya * [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya]] Gwamnatin Babangida ta shiga kungiyar kasashen musulmi ta OIC, yanzu [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|kungiyar hadin kan kasashen musulmi]], duk da cewa shugaba Obasanjo ya nuna cewa watakila ya sake duba kasancewar Najeriya mamba, ana kuma yin tsokaci ga Najeriya don kara kulla alaka tsakanin kasashen biyu. == Afirka == {{Gyara Fassara}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Algeria}} |2 September 1968 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968 * Algeria has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Aljir|Algiers]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Angola}} | |See [[Dangantakar Angola da Najeriya|Angola–Nigeria relations]] Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the [[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]], the African Union and other multilateral organizations. The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples. * Angola has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Luanda]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Benin}} |12 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou. * Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Cotonou]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |19 February 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials. * Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ouagadougou]]. |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |6 November 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cameroon}} | |See Cameroon-Nigeria relations A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich [[Bakassi|Bakassi Peninsula]] was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the [[Yarjejeniyar "Greentree Agreement"|Greentree Agreement]] which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013. Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998. * Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]], a consulate-general in [[Douala]] and a consulate in Buea. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chad}} | |See Chad–Nigeria relations Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties. * Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970. * Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bangui]]. |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |5 November 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1982. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | | * DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |26 July 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961. * Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abidjan]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Egypt}} | | * Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |25 January 1969 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969 * Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Malabo]] and a consulate in Bata. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} | |{{Main|Ethiopia–Nigeria relations}} * Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gabon}} |18 January 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973 * Gabon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Libreville]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gambia}} | | * Gambia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Banjul]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ghana}} |1 October 1960 |See [[Dangantaka Ghana da Najeriya|Ghana–Nigeria relations]] Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960 Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed [[Hilla Limann|Limann]] in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries. In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.<ref name="cs" /> Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.<ref name="cs" /> Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations. * Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Accra]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guinea}} | | * Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Conakry]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Kenya}} | |See Kenya–Nigeria relations * Kenya has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Nairobi]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Liberia}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date. * Liberia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Monrovia]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Libya}} | | Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010. The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]], that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. Gaddaffi had made the suggestion in light of [[Rikicin Jos, 2010|recent violence]] between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.<ref name="BBCnews" /> In addition Gaddaffi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.<ref name="BBCnews" /> The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews" /> The [[Majalisar Najeriya|Nigerian National Assembly]] has requested that the government ask the [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Nations]] to prohibit Gaddaffi from calling for the division of Nigeria.<ref name="Xinhua" /> The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an [[Tarayyar Afrika|African Union]] investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators". * Libya has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tripoli]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |24 June 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971 * Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malawi}} |29 November 1969 |See Malawi–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969. * Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Lilongwe]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mali}} |1 August 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Mali has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bamako]]. |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |16 June 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1976 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Morocco}} | | * Morocco has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rabat]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |25 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975. * Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Maputo]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 March 1990 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990. * Namibia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Windhoek]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Niger}} |8 June 1961 |See Niger–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large [[Hausawa|Hausa]] minority on each side of their 1500&nbsp;km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state. The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger. * Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Niamey]]. |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |10 June 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972 when appointed first Ambassador of Nigeria to Rwanda (resident in Kampala) Mr. Mbom Etuk. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |30 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Sao Tomé|São Tomé]]. * São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Senegal}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dakar]]. * Senegal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27 April 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Freetown]]. * Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Africa}} |21 February 1994 |See Nigeria–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994 * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Pretoria]] and a consulate-general in [[Johannesburg]]. * South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sudan}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an Embassy in Khartoum. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Khartoum]]. * Sudan has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Tanzania}} | | * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]]. * Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Togo}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lomé]]. * Togo has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |15 January 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Harare]]. * Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Amurka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Argentina}} |15 August 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961 * Argentina has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Barbados}} |24 April 1970 |See Barbados–Nigeria relations * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970 * Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. * Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria. In 2006 the Governor [[Gbenga Daniel|Otunba Gbenga Daniel]] of the Nigerian state of [[Ogun]] announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria. Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belize}} |19 April 1982 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1982. * Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Brazil}} |16 August 1961 |See Brazil–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961 Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade. * Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Brasilia|Brasília]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Canada}} |1 October 1960 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 * Canada has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission on Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Ottawa]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192045/http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/geo/nigeria-en.aspx Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Nigeria] |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chile}} |5 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961 * Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. * Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Colombia}} |1 January 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979 * Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana. * Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |26 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cuba}} |1 July 1974 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974 * Cuba has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Havana]]. |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |23 July 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2001 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |10 December 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979 * Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guyana}} |27 June 1970 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1970 * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |28 January 1978 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1978. |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |25 September 2013 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2013. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |29 April 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970 * Jamaica has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |14 April 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976 See Mexico–Nigeria relations * Mexico has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]]. |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |12 February 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2001 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |7 July 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1971 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Port of Spain]]. * Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in Abuja. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United States}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See [[Tarihin Dangantakar Najeriya da Amurka|Nigeria–United States relations]] After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|human rights]] abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995. After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good. The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 attacks]]. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]]. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Sub-Saharan Africa]]. As a member of the [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|International Criminal Court]] Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Atlanta]] and [[New York (birni)|New York City]]. * United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |20 February 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965 * Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. * Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |16 March 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Karakas|Caracas]]. * Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Asiya == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Armenia}} |4 February 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993 * Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |11 March 1992 |See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations * Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date * Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |3 January 1976 |See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|OIC]] and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley|Next Eleven]] economies. * Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dhaka]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|China}} |10 February 1971 |See [[Alaƙar China da Najeriya|China–Nigeria relations]] Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971. Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support. In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the [[Majalisar Najeriya|National Assembly of Nigeria]]. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership. China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. * China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|India}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Indiya|India–Nigeria relations]] The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's [[Danyen mai|crude oil]] needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa. * India has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[New Delhi]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5 March 1965 |See Indonesia–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965 * Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Iran}} |5 May 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972 * Iran has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tehran]]. |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |6 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1961 when Iraq opened its Embassy in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Israel}} |1 October 1960 |See Israel–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960. Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better. * Israel has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Japan}} | |See Japan-Nigeria relations * Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]]. |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |30 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1961 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |8 January 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level * Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|North Korea}} |1976 |See Nigeria–North Korea relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]] * North Korea has an embassy in Abuja |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malaysia}} | |See Malaysia–Nigeria relations * Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |1 March 1989 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1989 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |8 January 1981 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1981 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | |See Nigeria–Pakistan relations [[File:Defense_attachés_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base,_Abuja,_Nigeria.jpg|right|thumb|Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, [[Abuja]], Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during ''Africa Endeavour 2008''.]] The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie" * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Islamabad]]. * Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Philippines}} |1 August 1962 |See Nigeria–Philippines relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Manila]]. * Philippines has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Qatar}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Doha]]. * Qatar has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate-general in [[Jeddah]]. * Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Korea}} |22 January 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980 Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Seoul]]. * South Korea has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |30 September 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1965 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Turkey}} |16 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Charge d'Affaires. * [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]]. * Turkey has an embassy in [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" /> * Trade volume between the two countries was US$726 million in 2019.<ref name="auto148" /> * There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abuja]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] and [[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" /> |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |20 January 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]. * United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |25 May 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. * Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |12 May 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1979 |} == Turai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |22 May 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1973. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Austria}} |21 December 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its Embassy in Lagos. * Austria has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belgium}} |4 February 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961 * Belgium has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} | | * Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Prag|Prague]]. |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |15 February 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1962 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Nigeria Mr. Karl Borge Raavad |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |18 January 1963 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1963 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|France}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960(Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965) * France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Faris|Paris]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Germany}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See Germany-Nigeria relations * Germany has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in Frankfurt. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Greece}} | |See Greece-Nigeria relations Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling. There is a small Greek business community in Lagos. * Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Athens]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ireland}} | | * Ireland has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dublin]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Italy}} | | * Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rum|Rome]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Hungary}} | | * Hungary has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Budapest]]. |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |29 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Netherlands}} | | * Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague. |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Poland}} |30 May 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962 See Nigeria–Poland relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]]. * Poland has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Portugal}} |10 July 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lisbon]]. * Portugal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Russia}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Rasha|Nigeria–Russia relations]] * Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow. * Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Madrid]]. * Spain has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sweden}} |3 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Stockholm]]. * Sweden has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |10 December 1992 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1992 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |1 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Landan|London]]. * United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt. |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Ƙasa ! style="width:12%;" | An Fara Dangantaka ta Gaskiya ! Bayanan kula |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Australia}}</img>{{Flag|Australia}} | | * Ostiraliya tana da babban kwamiti a Abuja. * Najeriya tana da babban kwamiti a [[Kanberra|Canberra]] . * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |- valign="top" |{{Flag|New Zealand}}</img>{{Flag|New Zealand}} | Afrilu 16, 1982 | Kasashen biyu sun kulla huldar diflomasiyya a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1982 lokacin da Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya na farko a Canberra, Mista Edward Sanu ya mika takardar shaidarsa ga Janar Janar na New Zealand * Kasar New Zealand ta samu karbuwa ga Najeriya daga ofishin jakadancinta da ke Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. * Najeriya ta samu karbuwa ga kasar New Zealand daga babban hukumar da ke Canberra, Australia. * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |} == Rikicin kasa da kasa == An kammala keɓe iyakokin kasa da kasa a kusa da [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]], wanda rashin abin da ya haifar da al'amuran kan iyaka a baya, ana jiran amincewa da [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da Najeriya; Rikicin da ake yi da Kamaru kan iyakokin kasa da na ruwa da ke kewayen [[Bakassi|yankin Bakasi]] a halin yanzu yana gaban kotun kasa da kasa ; Rikicin kan iyakar teku da [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] saboda takaddamar hukunce-hukuncen yankunan da ke da arzikin mai a [[Tekun Guinea|mashigin tekun Guinea]] . == Najeriya da ƙungiyar Commonwealth == Tarayyar Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1960 tare da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu]] a matsayin Sarauniyar Najeriya . Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a cikin kasashen Commonwealth a shekarar 1963, lokacin da Gwamna-Janar na Najeriya [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban Najeriya]] na farko . An dakatar da Najeriya daga kungiyar Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka maido da cikakken mambanta. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 69v9868z8htpuot23otvbx9fiovjpa8 823639 823636 2026-04-21T15:09:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 823639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|300x300px| Kasashen da Najeriya ke da huldar diflomasiya da su.]] Tun lokacin da 'yancin kai, tare da [[Jaja Wachuku]] a matsayin Ministan [[Ministan Harkokin Waje (Najeriya)|Harkokin Waje]] na farko da Harkokin Commonwealth, daga baya aka kira Harkokin Harkokin Waje, Harkokin Harkokin Waje [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Nijeriya]] ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga nahiyar [[Afirka]] a matsayin ikon yanki da kuma jingina ga wasu muhimman ka'idoji: haɗin kai da 'yancin kai na Afirka; yana yin amfani da tasirin hegemonic a cikin yankin: sasanta rikice-rikice cikin lumana; rashin daidaito da tsoma baki cikin al'amuran cikin gida na sauran al'ummomi; da hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankin. A wajen aiwatar da wadannan ka'idoji, Najeriya na shiga cikin [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]], [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] (ECOWAS), Kungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Rigakafi, Kungiyar Kasashen Commonwealth, da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . == Najeriya da 'yantar da Afirka == Bayan samun 'yencin kai a shekarar 1960, [[Najeriya]] ta yi gaggawar sadaukar da kanta wajen inganta rayuwar al'ummar kasar da kuma amfani da albarkatun da suka rage masu muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma makwabtanta. Ta hanyar lura da irin fa'ida da dacewa ga kasar, Najeriya ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afrika (OAU), wadda daga baya ta zama Tarayyar Afirka. Kungiyar hadin kan Afrika na duba zaman lafiyar kowace kasashen Afirka da kuma karfafa musu gwiwa da su gudanar da tarukan yanki na kungiyar. Najeriya ta goyi bayan jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar daukar tsauraran matakai dangane da gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu da ayyukan sojan da suke yi a kudancin Afirka. Najeriya da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU, yanzu [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] ), suna da tasiri sosai a kasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma]] da Afirka baki daya. Najeriya ta kuma kafa kokarin hadin gwiwa a yankin yammacin Afirka, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da misali ga [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] da [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]], kungiyoyin tattalin arziki da na soja, bi da bi. Hakazalika, lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke a [[Angola|kasar Angola]] bayan kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Portugal a shekarar 1975, Najeriya ta zaburar da tasirinta na diflomasiyya a nahiyar Afirka domin nuna goyon baya ga Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Wannan tallafin ya taimaka wajen daidaita daidaiton su, wanda ya sa OAU ta amince da MPLA a kan Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don Gabatar da 'Yancin Angola. Najeriya ta ba da goyon bayan diflomasiyya ga wata kungiyar Sam Nujoma ta Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma a Namibiya, don dakatar da mulkin wariyar launin fata da Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa a can. A shekarar 1977, sabon mulkin soja na Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 20 ga yunkurin Zimbabwe na yaki da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Rhodesia . Najeriya ta kuma aike da kayan aikin soji zuwa kasar Mozambique domin taimakawa sabuwar kasar da ta samu 'yancin kai wajen murkushe 'yan tawayen kasar Mozambique da ke samun goyon bayan Afirka ta Kudu. Najeriya ta kuma ba da horon soji a sashin soja na farko na kanikanci a Kaduna da sauran tallafi na kayan aiki ga Joshua Nkomo da dakarun sa-kai na Robert Mugabe a lokacin yakin Zimbabwe a 1979 kan mulkin farar fata marasa rinjaye na Firayim Minista Ian Douglas Smith a 1979, wanda ya samu goyon bayan wariyar launin fata - gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Sakamakon rashin tafiyar da tattalin arzikinta da fasahar kere-kere, Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za ta kaddamar da shirin nukiliyar na "mara iyaka" na kanta amma abin ya ci tura. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta nuna matukar muhimmancinta wajen inganta tattalin arzikin al’umma, ta kuma fara mayar da wasu kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da ke kasuwanci tare da karya takunkumin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ayyukan gida na bankin Barclays. An mayar da kasar ne bayan bankin ya yi watsi da zanga-zangar da al'ummar Najeriya suka yi. Haka kuma Najeriya ta mayar da kamfanin man fetur na kasar Britaniya (BP) kasa domin isar da mai ga kasar Afrika ta kudu. A shekarar 1982, gwamnatin Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] ta bukaci [[John Paul na Biyu|Fafaroma John Paul na biyu]] da ya kawo ziyarar aiki ga shugabannin kungiyoyin asiri na kudancin Afirka Oliver Tambo na ANC da Sam Nujoma na SWAPO. A watan Disambar 1983, sabon mulkin Manjo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sanar da cewa Najeriya ba za ta iya sake samun mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ba. duk da haka, Najeriya ce kasa ta farko a bakar fata a doron kasa saboda yawan al'ummarta, Najeriya na da matukar fa'ida kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za ta zama mai karfin fada a ji a fagen duniya. == Najeriya da yammacin Afrika == A ci gaba da cimma burin hadin gwiwa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, Najeriya ta taimaka wajen samar da kungiyar ECOWAS, mai neman daidaita harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari ga kasashe mambobinta 16 na Afirka ta Yamma, a karshe ta cimma cikakkiyar kungiyar kwastam, da kuma kafa kudi guda. Najeriya ta kuma yi gaba wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin kasashe masu tasowa kan bukatar gyara tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa. Najeriya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] na kawo karshen yakin basasa a Laberiya kuma ta ba da gudummawar mafi yawan dakarun [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19362200903361945 wanzar da zaman lafiya da kungiyar ta ECOWAS] ta tura can a shekarar 1990. Har ila yau Najeriya ta ba da mafi yawan sojojin ga dakarun [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Saliyo]] . Najeriya gaba daya tana da kyakkyawar alaka da makwabtanta. Najeriya ta taka rawar gani sosai a yammacin Afirka, tare da babban karfin soja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces?wprov=sfla1], Najeriya ta dawwama a burinta na inganta zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a yankin da ya fi wadata a Afirka sama da shekaru talatin. == Najeriya da Ƙungiyoyin Duniya == Najeriya memba ce a Ƙungiyoyi kamar haka: * Rukunin Kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific * Bankin Raya Afirka * [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] * Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci gaba mai Dorewa a Kudancin * Commonwealth of Nations * [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] * Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma * Rukuni na 15 * [[Group of 19|G-19]] * Rukuni na 24 * Rukuni na 77 * Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya * Bankin Duniya na Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba * Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya * [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya * Kudin hannun jari International Finance Corporation * [[Asusun Tallafawa Noma na Duniya]] * International Hydrographic Organization * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya * Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya * Ƙungiyar Tauraron Dan Adam ta Duniya * Kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa * [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa]] * Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya * Interpol * Motsin da ba a daidaita shi ba * Kungiyar Hana Makamai Masu Guba * [[OPEC|Kungiyar kasashe masu arzikin man fetur]] * [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|Kungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci]] * Kotun Kotu ta Dindindin * [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba * [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * [[UNESCO|Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Kungiyar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Tawagar sa ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Iraki-Kuwait * Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kosovo * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Yammacin Sahara * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bosnia da Herzegovina * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Prevlaka * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Tajikistan * Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Universal Postal Union * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Hukumar Kwastam ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Duniya * Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya * Kungiyar yawon bude ido ta duniya * [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya]] Gwamnatin Babangida ta shiga kungiyar kasashen musulmi ta OIC, yanzu [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|kungiyar hadin kan kasashen musulmi]], duk da cewa shugaba Obasanjo ya nuna cewa watakila ya sake duba kasancewar Najeriya mamba, ana kuma yin tsokaci ga Najeriya don kara kulla alaka tsakanin kasashen biyu. == Afirka == {{Gyara Fassara}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Algeria}} |2 September 1968 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968 * Algeria has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Aljir|Algiers]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Angola}} | |See [[Dangantakar Angola da Najeriya|Angola–Nigeria relations]] Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the [[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]], the African Union and other multilateral organizations. The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples. * Angola has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Luanda]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Benin}} |12 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou. * Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Cotonou]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |19 February 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials. * Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ouagadougou]]. |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |6 November 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cameroon}} | |See Cameroon-Nigeria relations A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich [[Bakassi|Bakassi Peninsula]] was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the [[Yarjejeniyar "Greentree Agreement"|Greentree Agreement]] which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013. Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998. * Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]], a consulate-general in [[Douala]] and a consulate in Buea. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chad}} | |See Chad–Nigeria relations Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties. * Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970. * Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bangui]]. |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |5 November 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1982. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | | * DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |26 July 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961. * Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abidjan]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Egypt}} | | * Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |25 January 1969 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969 * Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Malabo]] and a consulate in Bata. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} | |{{Main|Ethiopia–Nigeria relations}} * Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gabon}} |18 January 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973 * Gabon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Libreville]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gambia}} | | * Gambia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Banjul]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ghana}} |1 October 1960 |See [[Dangantaka Ghana da Najeriya|Ghana–Nigeria relations]] Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960 Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed [[Hilla Limann|Limann]] in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries. In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.<ref name="cs" /> Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.<ref name="cs" /> Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations. * Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Accra]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guinea}} | | * Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Conakry]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Kenya}} | |See Kenya–Nigeria relations * Kenya has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Nairobi]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Liberia}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date. * Liberia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Monrovia]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Libya}} | | Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010. The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]], that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. Gaddaffi had made the suggestion in light of [[Rikicin Jos, 2010|recent violence]] between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.<ref name="BBCnews" /> In addition Gaddaffi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.<ref name="BBCnews" /> The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews" /> The [[Majalisar Najeriya|Nigerian National Assembly]] has requested that the government ask the [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Nations]] to prohibit Gaddaffi from calling for the division of Nigeria.<ref name="Xinhua" /> The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an [[Tarayyar Afrika|African Union]] investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators". * Libya has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tripoli]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |24 June 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971 * Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malawi}} |29 November 1969 |See Malawi–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969. * Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Lilongwe]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mali}} |1 August 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Mali has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bamako]]. |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |16 June 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1976 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Morocco}} | | * Morocco has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rabat]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |25 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975. * Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Maputo]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 March 1990 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990. * Namibia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Windhoek]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Niger}} |8 June 1961 |See Niger–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large [[Hausawa|Hausa]] minority on each side of their 1500&nbsp;km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state. The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger. * Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Niamey]]. |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |10 June 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972 when appointed first Ambassador of Nigeria to Rwanda (resident in Kampala) Mr. Mbom Etuk. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |30 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Sao Tomé|São Tomé]]. * São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Senegal}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dakar]]. * Senegal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27 April 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Freetown]]. * Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Africa}} |21 February 1994 |See Nigeria–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994 * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Pretoria]] and a consulate-general in [[Johannesburg]]. * South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sudan}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an Embassy in Khartoum. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Khartoum]]. * Sudan has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Tanzania}} | | * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]]. * Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Togo}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lomé]]. * Togo has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |15 January 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Harare]]. * Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Amurka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Argentina}} |15 August 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961 * Argentina has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Barbados}} |24 April 1970 |See Barbados–Nigeria relations * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970 * Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. * Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria. In 2006 the Governor [[Gbenga Daniel|Otunba Gbenga Daniel]] of the Nigerian state of [[Ogun]] announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria. Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belize}} |19 April 1982 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1982. * Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Brazil}} |16 August 1961 |See Brazil–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961 Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade. * Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Brasilia|Brasília]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Canada}} |1 October 1960 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 * Canada has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission on Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Ottawa]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192045/http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/geo/nigeria-en.aspx Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Nigeria] |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chile}} |5 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961 * Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. * Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Colombia}} |1 January 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979 * Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana. * Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |26 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cuba}} |1 July 1974 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974 * Cuba has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Havana]]. |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |23 July 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2001 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |10 December 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979 * Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guyana}} |27 June 1970 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1970 * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |28 January 1978 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1978. |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |25 September 2013 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2013. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |29 April 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970 * Jamaica has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |14 April 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976 See Mexico–Nigeria relations * Mexico has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]]. |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |12 February 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2001 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |7 July 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1971 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Port of Spain]]. * Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in Abuja. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United States}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See [[Tarihin Dangantakar Najeriya da Amurka|Nigeria–United States relations]] After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|human rights]] abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995. After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good. The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 attacks]]. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]]. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Sub-Saharan Africa]]. As a member of the [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|International Criminal Court]] Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Atlanta]] and [[New York (birni)|New York City]]. * United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |20 February 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965 * Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. * Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |16 March 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Karakas|Caracas]]. * Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Asiya == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Armenia}} |4 February 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993 * Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |11 March 1992 |See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations * Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date * Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |3 January 1976 |See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|OIC]] and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley|Next Eleven]] economies. * Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dhaka]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|China}} |10 February 1971 |See [[Alaƙar China da Najeriya|China–Nigeria relations]] Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971. Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support. In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the [[Majalisar Najeriya|National Assembly of Nigeria]]. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership. China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. * China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|India}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Indiya|India–Nigeria relations]] The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's [[Danyen mai|crude oil]] needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa. * India has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[New Delhi]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5 March 1965 |See Indonesia–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965 * Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Iran}} |5 May 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972 * Iran has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tehran]]. |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |6 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1961 when Iraq opened its Embassy in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Israel}} |1 October 1960 |See Israel–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960. Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better. * Israel has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Japan}} | |See Japan-Nigeria relations * Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]]. |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |30 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1961 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |8 January 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level * Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|North Korea}} |1976 |See Nigeria–North Korea relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]] * North Korea has an embassy in Abuja |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malaysia}} | |See Malaysia–Nigeria relations * Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |1 March 1989 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1989 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |8 January 1981 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1981 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | |See Nigeria–Pakistan relations [[File:Defense_attachés_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base,_Abuja,_Nigeria.jpg|right|thumb|Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, [[Abuja]], Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during ''Africa Endeavour 2008''.]] The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie" * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Islamabad]]. * Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Philippines}} |1 August 1962 |See Nigeria–Philippines relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Manila]]. * Philippines has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Qatar}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Doha]]. * Qatar has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate-general in [[Jeddah]]. * Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Korea}} |22 January 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980 Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Seoul]]. * South Korea has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |30 September 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1965 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Turkey}} |16 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Charge d'Affaires. * [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]]. * Turkey has an embassy in [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" /> * Trade volume between the two countries was US$726 million in 2019.<ref name="auto148" /> * There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abuja]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] and [[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" /> |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |20 January 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]. * United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |25 May 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. * Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |12 May 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1979 |} == Turai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |22 May 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1973. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Austria}} |21 December 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its Embassy in Lagos. * Austria has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belgium}} |4 February 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961 * Belgium has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} | | * Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Prag|Prague]]. |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |15 February 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1962 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Nigeria Mr. Karl Borge Raavad |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |18 January 1963 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1963 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|France}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960(Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965) * France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Faris|Paris]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Germany}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See Germany-Nigeria relations * Germany has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in Frankfurt. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Greece}} | |See Greece-Nigeria relations Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling. There is a small Greek business community in Lagos. * Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Athens]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ireland}} | | * Ireland has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dublin]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Italy}} | | * Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rum|Rome]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Hungary}} | | * Hungary has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Budapest]]. |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |29 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Netherlands}} | | * Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague. |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Poland}} |30 May 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962 See Nigeria–Poland relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]]. * Poland has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Portugal}} |10 July 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lisbon]]. * Portugal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Russia}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Rasha|Nigeria–Russia relations]] * Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow. * Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Madrid]]. * Spain has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sweden}} |3 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Stockholm]]. * Sweden has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |10 December 1992 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1992 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |1 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Landan|London]]. * United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt. |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Ƙasa ! style="width:12%;" | An Fara Dangantaka ta Gaskiya ! Bayanan kula |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Australia}}</img>{{Flag|Australia}} | | * Ostiraliya tana da babban kwamiti a Abuja. * Najeriya tana da babban kwamiti a [[Kanberra|Canberra]] . * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |- valign="top" |{{Flag|New Zealand}}</img>{{Flag|New Zealand}} | Afrilu 16, 1982 | Kasashen biyu sun kulla huldar diflomasiyya a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1982 lokacin da Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya na farko a Canberra, Mista Edward Sanu ya mika takardar shaidarsa ga Janar Janar na New Zealand * Kasar New Zealand ta samu karbuwa ga Najeriya daga ofishin jakadancinta da ke Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. * Najeriya ta samu karbuwa ga kasar New Zealand daga babban hukumar da ke Canberra, Australia. * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |} == Rikicin kasa da kasa == An kammala keɓe iyakokin kasa da kasa a kusa da [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]], wanda rashin abin da ya haifar da al'amuran kan iyaka a baya, ana jiran amincewa da [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da Najeriya; Rikicin da ake yi da Kamaru kan iyakokin kasa da na ruwa da ke kewayen [[Bakassi|yankin Bakasi]] a halin yanzu yana gaban kotun kasa da kasa ; Rikicin kan iyakar teku da [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] saboda takaddamar hukunce-hukuncen yankunan da ke da arzikin mai a [[Tekun Guinea|mashigin tekun Guinea]] . == Najeriya da ƙungiyar Commonwealth == Tarayyar Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1960 tare da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu]] a matsayin Sarauniyar Najeriya . Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a cikin kasashen Commonwealth a shekarar 1963, lokacin da Gwamna-Janar na Najeriya [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban Najeriya]] na farko . An dakatar da Najeriya daga kungiyar Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka maido da cikakken mambanta. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7sacp0d9ppu96h41pc57tzop1232cti 823640 823639 2026-04-21T15:10:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 823640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|300x300px| Kasashen da Najeriya ke da huldar diflomasiya da su.]] Tun lokacin da 'yancin kai, tare da [[Jaja Wachuku]] a matsayin Ministan [[Ministan Harkokin Waje (Najeriya)|Harkokin Waje]] na farko da Harkokin Commonwealth, daga baya aka kira Harkokin Harkokin Waje, Harkokin Harkokin Waje [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Nijeriya]] ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga nahiyar [[Afirka]] a matsayin ikon yanki da kuma jingina ga wasu muhimman ka'idoji: haɗin kai da 'yancin kai na Afirka; yana yin amfani da tasirin hegemonic a cikin yankin: sasanta rikice-rikice cikin lumana; rashin daidaito da tsoma baki cikin al'amuran cikin gida na sauran al'ummomi; da hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankin. A wajen aiwatar da wadannan ka'idoji, Najeriya na shiga cikin [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]], [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] (ECOWAS), Kungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Rigakafi, Kungiyar Kasashen Commonwealth, da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . == Najeriya da 'yantar da Afirka == Bayan samun 'yencin kai a shekarar 1960, [[Najeriya]] ta yi gaggawar sadaukar da kanta wajen inganta rayuwar al'ummar kasar da kuma amfani da albarkatun da suka rage masu muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma makwabtanta. Ta hanyar lura da irin fa'ida da dacewa ga kasar, Najeriya ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afrika (OAU), wadda daga baya ta zama Tarayyar Afirka. Kungiyar hadin kan Afrika na duba zaman lafiyar kowace kasashen Afirka da kuma karfafa musu gwiwa da su gudanar da tarukan yanki na kungiyar. Najeriya ta goyi bayan jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar daukar tsauraran matakai dangane da gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu da ayyukan sojan da suke yi a kudancin Afirka. Najeriya da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU, yanzu [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] ), suna da tasiri sosai a kasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma]] da Afirka baki daya. Najeriya ta kuma kafa kokarin hadin gwiwa a yankin yammacin Afirka, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da misali ga [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] da [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]], kungiyoyin tattalin arziki da na soja, bi da bi. Hakazalika, lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke a [[Angola|kasar Angola]] bayan kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Portugal a shekarar 1975, Najeriya ta zaburar da tasirinta na diflomasiyya a nahiyar Afirka domin nuna goyon baya ga Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Wannan tallafin ya taimaka wajen daidaita daidaiton su, wanda ya sa OAU ta amince da MPLA a kan Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don Gabatar da 'Yancin Angola. Najeriya ta ba da goyon bayan diflomasiyya ga wata kungiyar Sam Nujoma ta Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma a Namibiya, don dakatar da mulkin wariyar launin fata da Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa a can. A shekarar 1977, sabon mulkin soja na Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 20 ga yunkurin Zimbabwe na yaki da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Rhodesia . Najeriya ta kuma aike da kayan aikin soji zuwa kasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] domin taimakawa sabuwar kasar da ta samu 'yancin kai wajen murkushe 'yan tawayen kasar Mozambique da ke samun goyon bayan Afirka ta Kudu. Najeriya ta kuma ba da horon soji a sashin soja na farko na kanikanci a Kaduna da sauran tallafi na kayan aiki ga Joshua Nkomo da dakarun sa-kai na Robert Mugabe a lokacin yakin Zimbabwe a 1979 kan mulkin farar fata marasa rinjaye na Firayim Minista Ian Douglas Smith a 1979, wanda ya samu goyon bayan wariyar launin fata - gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Sakamakon rashin tafiyar da tattalin arzikinta da fasahar kere-kere, Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za ta kaddamar da shirin nukiliyar na "mara iyaka" na kanta amma abin ya ci tura. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta nuna matukar muhimmancinta wajen inganta tattalin arzikin al’umma, ta kuma fara mayar da wasu kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da ke kasuwanci tare da karya takunkumin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ayyukan gida na bankin Barclays. An mayar da kasar ne bayan bankin ya yi watsi da zanga-zangar da al'ummar Najeriya suka yi. Haka kuma Najeriya ta mayar da kamfanin man fetur na kasar Britaniya (BP) kasa domin isar da mai ga kasar Afrika ta kudu. A shekarar 1982, gwamnatin Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] ta bukaci [[John Paul na Biyu|Fafaroma John Paul na biyu]] da ya kawo ziyarar aiki ga shugabannin kungiyoyin asiri na kudancin Afirka Oliver Tambo na ANC da Sam Nujoma na SWAPO. A watan Disambar 1983, sabon mulkin Manjo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sanar da cewa Najeriya ba za ta iya sake samun mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ba. duk da haka, Najeriya ce kasa ta farko a bakar fata a doron kasa saboda yawan al'ummarta, Najeriya na da matukar fa'ida kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za ta zama mai karfin fada a ji a fagen duniya. == Najeriya da yammacin Afrika == A ci gaba da cimma burin hadin gwiwa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, Najeriya ta taimaka wajen samar da kungiyar ECOWAS, mai neman daidaita harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari ga kasashe mambobinta 16 na Afirka ta Yamma, a karshe ta cimma cikakkiyar kungiyar kwastam, da kuma kafa kudi guda. Najeriya ta kuma yi gaba wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin kasashe masu tasowa kan bukatar gyara tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa. Najeriya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] na kawo karshen yakin basasa a Laberiya kuma ta ba da gudummawar mafi yawan dakarun [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19362200903361945 wanzar da zaman lafiya da kungiyar ta ECOWAS] ta tura can a shekarar 1990. Har ila yau Najeriya ta ba da mafi yawan sojojin ga dakarun [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Saliyo]] . Najeriya gaba daya tana da kyakkyawar alaka da makwabtanta. Najeriya ta taka rawar gani sosai a yammacin Afirka, tare da babban karfin soja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces?wprov=sfla1], Najeriya ta dawwama a burinta na inganta zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a yankin da ya fi wadata a Afirka sama da shekaru talatin. == Najeriya da Ƙungiyoyin Duniya == Najeriya memba ce a Ƙungiyoyi kamar haka: * Rukunin Kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific * Bankin Raya Afirka * [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] * Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci gaba mai Dorewa a Kudancin * Commonwealth of Nations * [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] * Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma * Rukuni na 15 * [[Group of 19|G-19]] * Rukuni na 24 * Rukuni na 77 * Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya * Bankin Duniya na Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba * Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya * [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya * Kudin hannun jari International Finance Corporation * [[Asusun Tallafawa Noma na Duniya]] * International Hydrographic Organization * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya * Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya * Ƙungiyar Tauraron Dan Adam ta Duniya * Kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa * [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa]] * Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya * Interpol * Motsin da ba a daidaita shi ba * Kungiyar Hana Makamai Masu Guba * [[OPEC|Kungiyar kasashe masu arzikin man fetur]] * [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|Kungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci]] * Kotun Kotu ta Dindindin * [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba * [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * [[UNESCO|Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Kungiyar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Tawagar sa ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Iraki-Kuwait * Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kosovo * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Yammacin Sahara * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bosnia da Herzegovina * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Prevlaka * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Tajikistan * Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Universal Postal Union * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Hukumar Kwastam ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Duniya * Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya * Kungiyar yawon bude ido ta duniya * [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya]] Gwamnatin Babangida ta shiga kungiyar kasashen musulmi ta OIC, yanzu [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|kungiyar hadin kan kasashen musulmi]], duk da cewa shugaba Obasanjo ya nuna cewa watakila ya sake duba kasancewar Najeriya mamba, ana kuma yin tsokaci ga Najeriya don kara kulla alaka tsakanin kasashen biyu. == Afirka == {{Gyara Fassara}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Algeria}} |2 September 1968 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968 * Algeria has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Aljir|Algiers]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Angola}} | |See [[Dangantakar Angola da Najeriya|Angola–Nigeria relations]] Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the [[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]], the African Union and other multilateral organizations. The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples. * Angola has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Luanda]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Benin}} |12 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou. * Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Cotonou]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |19 February 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials. * Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ouagadougou]]. |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |6 November 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cameroon}} | |See Cameroon-Nigeria relations A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich [[Bakassi|Bakassi Peninsula]] was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the [[Yarjejeniyar "Greentree Agreement"|Greentree Agreement]] which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013. Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998. * Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]], a consulate-general in [[Douala]] and a consulate in Buea. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chad}} | |See Chad–Nigeria relations Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties. * Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970. * Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bangui]]. |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |5 November 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1982. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | | * DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |26 July 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961. * Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abidjan]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Egypt}} | | * Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |25 January 1969 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969 * Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Malabo]] and a consulate in Bata. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} | |{{Main|Ethiopia–Nigeria relations}} * Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gabon}} |18 January 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973 * Gabon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Libreville]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gambia}} | | * Gambia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Banjul]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ghana}} |1 October 1960 |See [[Dangantaka Ghana da Najeriya|Ghana–Nigeria relations]] Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960 Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed [[Hilla Limann|Limann]] in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries. In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.<ref name="cs" /> Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.<ref name="cs" /> Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations. * Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Accra]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guinea}} | | * Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Conakry]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Kenya}} | |See Kenya–Nigeria relations * Kenya has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Nairobi]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Liberia}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date. * Liberia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Monrovia]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Libya}} | | Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010. The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]], that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. Gaddaffi had made the suggestion in light of [[Rikicin Jos, 2010|recent violence]] between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.<ref name="BBCnews" /> In addition Gaddaffi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.<ref name="BBCnews" /> The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews" /> The [[Majalisar Najeriya|Nigerian National Assembly]] has requested that the government ask the [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Nations]] to prohibit Gaddaffi from calling for the division of Nigeria.<ref name="Xinhua" /> The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an [[Tarayyar Afrika|African Union]] investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators". * Libya has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tripoli]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |24 June 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971 * Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malawi}} |29 November 1969 |See Malawi–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969. * Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Lilongwe]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mali}} |1 August 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Mali has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bamako]]. |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |16 June 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1976 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Morocco}} | | * Morocco has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rabat]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |25 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975. * Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Maputo]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 March 1990 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990. * Namibia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Windhoek]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Niger}} |8 June 1961 |See Niger–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large [[Hausawa|Hausa]] minority on each side of their 1500&nbsp;km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state. The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger. * Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Niamey]]. |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |10 June 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972 when appointed first Ambassador of Nigeria to Rwanda (resident in Kampala) Mr. Mbom Etuk. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |30 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Sao Tomé|São Tomé]]. * São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Senegal}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dakar]]. * Senegal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27 April 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Freetown]]. * Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Africa}} |21 February 1994 |See Nigeria–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994 * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Pretoria]] and a consulate-general in [[Johannesburg]]. * South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sudan}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an Embassy in Khartoum. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Khartoum]]. * Sudan has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Tanzania}} | | * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]]. * Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Togo}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lomé]]. * Togo has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |15 January 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Harare]]. * Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Amurka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Argentina}} |15 August 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961 * Argentina has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Barbados}} |24 April 1970 |See Barbados–Nigeria relations * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970 * Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. * Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria. In 2006 the Governor [[Gbenga Daniel|Otunba Gbenga Daniel]] of the Nigerian state of [[Ogun]] announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria. Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belize}} |19 April 1982 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1982. * Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Brazil}} |16 August 1961 |See Brazil–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961 Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade. * Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Brasilia|Brasília]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Canada}} |1 October 1960 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 * Canada has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission on Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Ottawa]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192045/http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/geo/nigeria-en.aspx Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Nigeria] |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chile}} |5 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961 * Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. * Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Colombia}} |1 January 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979 * Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana. * Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |26 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cuba}} |1 July 1974 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974 * Cuba has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Havana]]. |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |23 July 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2001 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |10 December 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979 * Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guyana}} |27 June 1970 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1970 * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |28 January 1978 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1978. |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |25 September 2013 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2013. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |29 April 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970 * Jamaica has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |14 April 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976 See Mexico–Nigeria relations * Mexico has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]]. |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |12 February 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2001 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |7 July 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1971 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Port of Spain]]. * Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in Abuja. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United States}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See [[Tarihin Dangantakar Najeriya da Amurka|Nigeria–United States relations]] After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|human rights]] abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995. After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good. The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 attacks]]. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]]. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Sub-Saharan Africa]]. As a member of the [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|International Criminal Court]] Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Atlanta]] and [[New York (birni)|New York City]]. * United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |20 February 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965 * Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. * Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |16 March 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Karakas|Caracas]]. * Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Asiya == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Armenia}} |4 February 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993 * Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |11 March 1992 |See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations * Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date * Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |3 January 1976 |See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|OIC]] and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley|Next Eleven]] economies. * Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dhaka]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|China}} |10 February 1971 |See [[Alaƙar China da Najeriya|China–Nigeria relations]] Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971. Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support. In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the [[Majalisar Najeriya|National Assembly of Nigeria]]. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership. China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. * China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|India}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Indiya|India–Nigeria relations]] The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's [[Danyen mai|crude oil]] needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa. * India has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[New Delhi]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5 March 1965 |See Indonesia–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965 * Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Iran}} |5 May 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972 * Iran has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tehran]]. |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |6 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1961 when Iraq opened its Embassy in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Israel}} |1 October 1960 |See Israel–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960. Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better. * Israel has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Japan}} | |See Japan-Nigeria relations * Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]]. |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |30 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1961 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |8 January 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level * Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|North Korea}} |1976 |See Nigeria–North Korea relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]] * North Korea has an embassy in Abuja |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malaysia}} | |See Malaysia–Nigeria relations * Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |1 March 1989 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1989 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |8 January 1981 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1981 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | |See Nigeria–Pakistan relations [[File:Defense_attachés_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base,_Abuja,_Nigeria.jpg|right|thumb|Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, [[Abuja]], Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during ''Africa Endeavour 2008''.]] The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie" * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Islamabad]]. * Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Philippines}} |1 August 1962 |See Nigeria–Philippines relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Manila]]. * Philippines has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Qatar}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Doha]]. * Qatar has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate-general in [[Jeddah]]. * Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Korea}} |22 January 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980 Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Seoul]]. * South Korea has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |30 September 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1965 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Turkey}} |16 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Charge d'Affaires. * [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]]. * Turkey has an embassy in [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" /> * Trade volume between the two countries was US$726 million in 2019.<ref name="auto148" /> * There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abuja]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] and [[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" /> |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |20 January 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]. * United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |25 May 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. * Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |12 May 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1979 |} == Turai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |22 May 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1973. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Austria}} |21 December 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its Embassy in Lagos. * Austria has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belgium}} |4 February 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961 * Belgium has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} | | * Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Prag|Prague]]. |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |15 February 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1962 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Nigeria Mr. Karl Borge Raavad |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |18 January 1963 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1963 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|France}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960(Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965) * France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Faris|Paris]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Germany}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See Germany-Nigeria relations * Germany has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in Frankfurt. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Greece}} | |See Greece-Nigeria relations Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling. There is a small Greek business community in Lagos. * Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Athens]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ireland}} | | * Ireland has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dublin]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Italy}} | | * Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rum|Rome]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Hungary}} | | * Hungary has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Budapest]]. |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |29 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Netherlands}} | | * Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague. |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Poland}} |30 May 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962 See Nigeria–Poland relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]]. * Poland has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Portugal}} |10 July 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lisbon]]. * Portugal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Russia}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Rasha|Nigeria–Russia relations]] * Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow. * Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Madrid]]. * Spain has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sweden}} |3 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Stockholm]]. * Sweden has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |10 December 1992 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1992 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |1 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Landan|London]]. * United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt. |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Ƙasa ! style="width:12%;" | An Fara Dangantaka ta Gaskiya ! Bayanan kula |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Australia}}</img>{{Flag|Australia}} | | * Ostiraliya tana da babban kwamiti a Abuja. * Najeriya tana da babban kwamiti a [[Kanberra|Canberra]] . * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |- valign="top" |{{Flag|New Zealand}}</img>{{Flag|New Zealand}} | Afrilu 16, 1982 | Kasashen biyu sun kulla huldar diflomasiyya a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1982 lokacin da Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya na farko a Canberra, Mista Edward Sanu ya mika takardar shaidarsa ga Janar Janar na New Zealand * Kasar New Zealand ta samu karbuwa ga Najeriya daga ofishin jakadancinta da ke Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. * Najeriya ta samu karbuwa ga kasar New Zealand daga babban hukumar da ke Canberra, Australia. * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |} == Rikicin kasa da kasa == An kammala keɓe iyakokin kasa da kasa a kusa da [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]], wanda rashin abin da ya haifar da al'amuran kan iyaka a baya, ana jiran amincewa da [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da Najeriya; Rikicin da ake yi da Kamaru kan iyakokin kasa da na ruwa da ke kewayen [[Bakassi|yankin Bakasi]] a halin yanzu yana gaban kotun kasa da kasa ; Rikicin kan iyakar teku da [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] saboda takaddamar hukunce-hukuncen yankunan da ke da arzikin mai a [[Tekun Guinea|mashigin tekun Guinea]] . == Najeriya da ƙungiyar Commonwealth == Tarayyar Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1960 tare da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu]] a matsayin Sarauniyar Najeriya . Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a cikin kasashen Commonwealth a shekarar 1963, lokacin da Gwamna-Janar na Najeriya [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban Najeriya]] na farko . An dakatar da Najeriya daga kungiyar Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka maido da cikakken mambanta. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t4i8rnhsdvpwpd66pjelchgckj1xrke 823641 823640 2026-04-21T15:11:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 823641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|300x300px| Kasashen da Najeriya ke da huldar diflomasiya da su.]] Tun lokacin da 'yancin kai, tare da [[Jaja Wachuku]] a matsayin Ministan [[Ministan Harkokin Waje (Najeriya)|Harkokin Waje]] na farko da Harkokin Commonwealth, daga baya aka kira Harkokin Harkokin Waje, Harkokin Harkokin Waje [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Nijeriya]] ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga nahiyar [[Afirka]] a matsayin ikon yanki da kuma jingina ga wasu muhimman ka'idoji: haɗin kai da 'yancin kai na Afirka; yana yin amfani da tasirin hegemonic a cikin yankin: sasanta rikice-rikice cikin lumana; rashin daidaito da tsoma baki cikin al'amuran cikin gida na sauran al'ummomi; da hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankin. A wajen aiwatar da wadannan ka'idoji, Najeriya na shiga cikin [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]], [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] (ECOWAS), Kungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Rigakafi, Kungiyar Kasashen Commonwealth, da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . == Najeriya da 'yantar da Afirka == Bayan samun 'yencin kai a shekarar 1960, [[Najeriya]] ta yi gaggawar sadaukar da kanta wajen inganta rayuwar al'ummar kasar da kuma amfani da albarkatun da suka rage masu muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma makwabtanta. Ta hanyar lura da irin fa'ida da dacewa ga kasar, Najeriya ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afrika (OAU), wadda daga baya ta zama Tarayyar Afirka. Kungiyar hadin kan Afrika na duba zaman lafiyar kowace kasashen Afirka da kuma karfafa musu gwiwa da su gudanar da tarukan yanki na kungiyar. Najeriya ta goyi bayan jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar daukar tsauraran matakai dangane da gwamnatin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ayyukan sojan da suke yi a kudancin Afirka. Najeriya da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU, yanzu [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] ), suna da tasiri sosai a kasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma]] da Afirka baki daya. Najeriya ta kuma kafa kokarin hadin gwiwa a yankin yammacin Afirka, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da misali ga [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] da [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]], kungiyoyin tattalin arziki da na soja, bi da bi. Hakazalika, lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke a [[Angola|kasar Angola]] bayan kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Portugal a shekarar 1975, Najeriya ta zaburar da tasirinta na diflomasiyya a nahiyar Afirka domin nuna goyon baya ga Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Wannan tallafin ya taimaka wajen daidaita daidaiton su, wanda ya sa OAU ta amince da MPLA a kan Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don Gabatar da 'Yancin Angola. Najeriya ta ba da goyon bayan diflomasiyya ga wata kungiyar Sam Nujoma ta Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma a Namibiya, don dakatar da mulkin wariyar launin fata da Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa a can. A shekarar 1977, sabon mulkin soja na Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 20 ga yunkurin Zimbabwe na yaki da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Rhodesia . Najeriya ta kuma aike da kayan aikin soji zuwa kasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] domin taimakawa sabuwar kasar da ta samu 'yancin kai wajen murkushe 'yan tawayen kasar Mozambique da ke samun goyon bayan Afirka ta Kudu. Najeriya ta kuma ba da horon soji a sashin soja na farko na kanikanci a Kaduna da sauran tallafi na kayan aiki ga Joshua Nkomo da dakarun sa-kai na Robert Mugabe a lokacin yakin Zimbabwe a 1979 kan mulkin farar fata marasa rinjaye na Firayim Minista Ian Douglas Smith a 1979, wanda ya samu goyon bayan wariyar launin fata - gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Sakamakon rashin tafiyar da tattalin arzikinta da fasahar kere-kere, Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za ta kaddamar da shirin nukiliyar na "mara iyaka" na kanta amma abin ya ci tura. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta nuna matukar muhimmancinta wajen inganta tattalin arzikin al’umma, ta kuma fara mayar da wasu kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da ke kasuwanci tare da karya takunkumin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ayyukan gida na bankin Barclays. An mayar da kasar ne bayan bankin ya yi watsi da zanga-zangar da al'ummar Najeriya suka yi. Haka kuma Najeriya ta mayar da kamfanin man fetur na kasar Britaniya (BP) kasa domin isar da mai ga kasar Afrika ta kudu. A shekarar 1982, gwamnatin Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] ta bukaci [[John Paul na Biyu|Fafaroma John Paul na biyu]] da ya kawo ziyarar aiki ga shugabannin kungiyoyin asiri na kudancin Afirka Oliver Tambo na ANC da Sam Nujoma na SWAPO. A watan Disambar 1983, sabon mulkin Manjo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sanar da cewa Najeriya ba za ta iya sake samun mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ba. duk da haka, Najeriya ce kasa ta farko a bakar fata a doron kasa saboda yawan al'ummarta, Najeriya na da matukar fa'ida kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za ta zama mai karfin fada a ji a fagen duniya. == Najeriya da yammacin Afrika == A ci gaba da cimma burin hadin gwiwa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, Najeriya ta taimaka wajen samar da kungiyar ECOWAS, mai neman daidaita harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari ga kasashe mambobinta 16 na Afirka ta Yamma, a karshe ta cimma cikakkiyar kungiyar kwastam, da kuma kafa kudi guda. Najeriya ta kuma yi gaba wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin kasashe masu tasowa kan bukatar gyara tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa. Najeriya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] na kawo karshen yakin basasa a Laberiya kuma ta ba da gudummawar mafi yawan dakarun [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19362200903361945 wanzar da zaman lafiya da kungiyar ta ECOWAS] ta tura can a shekarar 1990. Har ila yau Najeriya ta ba da mafi yawan sojojin ga dakarun [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Saliyo]] . Najeriya gaba daya tana da kyakkyawar alaka da makwabtanta. Najeriya ta taka rawar gani sosai a yammacin Afirka, tare da babban karfin soja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces?wprov=sfla1], Najeriya ta dawwama a burinta na inganta zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a yankin da ya fi wadata a Afirka sama da shekaru talatin. == Najeriya da Ƙungiyoyin Duniya == Najeriya memba ce a Ƙungiyoyi kamar haka: * Rukunin Kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific * Bankin Raya Afirka * [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] * Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci gaba mai Dorewa a Kudancin * Commonwealth of Nations * [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] * Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma * Rukuni na 15 * [[Group of 19|G-19]] * Rukuni na 24 * Rukuni na 77 * Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya * Bankin Duniya na Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba * Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya * [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya * Kudin hannun jari International Finance Corporation * [[Asusun Tallafawa Noma na Duniya]] * International Hydrographic Organization * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya * Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya * Ƙungiyar Tauraron Dan Adam ta Duniya * Kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa * [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa]] * Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya * Interpol * Motsin da ba a daidaita shi ba * Kungiyar Hana Makamai Masu Guba * [[OPEC|Kungiyar kasashe masu arzikin man fetur]] * [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|Kungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci]] * Kotun Kotu ta Dindindin * [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba * [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * [[UNESCO|Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Kungiyar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Tawagar sa ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Iraki-Kuwait * Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kosovo * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Yammacin Sahara * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bosnia da Herzegovina * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Prevlaka * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Tajikistan * Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Universal Postal Union * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Hukumar Kwastam ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Duniya * Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya * Kungiyar yawon bude ido ta duniya * [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya]] Gwamnatin Babangida ta shiga kungiyar kasashen musulmi ta OIC, yanzu [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|kungiyar hadin kan kasashen musulmi]], duk da cewa shugaba Obasanjo ya nuna cewa watakila ya sake duba kasancewar Najeriya mamba, ana kuma yin tsokaci ga Najeriya don kara kulla alaka tsakanin kasashen biyu. == Afirka == {{Gyara Fassara}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Algeria}} |2 September 1968 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968 * Algeria has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Aljir|Algiers]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Angola}} | |See [[Dangantakar Angola da Najeriya|Angola–Nigeria relations]] Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the [[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]], the African Union and other multilateral organizations. The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples. * Angola has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Luanda]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Benin}} |12 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou. * Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Cotonou]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |19 February 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials. * Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ouagadougou]]. |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |6 November 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cameroon}} | |See Cameroon-Nigeria relations A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich [[Bakassi|Bakassi Peninsula]] was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the [[Yarjejeniyar "Greentree Agreement"|Greentree Agreement]] which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013. Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998. * Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]], a consulate-general in [[Douala]] and a consulate in Buea. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chad}} | |See Chad–Nigeria relations Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties. * Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970. * Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bangui]]. |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |5 November 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1982. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | | * DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |26 July 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961. * Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abidjan]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Egypt}} | | * Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |25 January 1969 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969 * Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Malabo]] and a consulate in Bata. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} | |{{Main|Ethiopia–Nigeria relations}} * Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gabon}} |18 January 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973 * Gabon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Libreville]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gambia}} | | * Gambia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Banjul]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ghana}} |1 October 1960 |See [[Dangantaka Ghana da Najeriya|Ghana–Nigeria relations]] Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960 Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed [[Hilla Limann|Limann]] in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries. In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.<ref name="cs" /> Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.<ref name="cs" /> Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations. * Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Accra]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guinea}} | | * Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Conakry]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Kenya}} | |See Kenya–Nigeria relations * Kenya has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Nairobi]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Liberia}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date. * Liberia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Monrovia]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Libya}} | | Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010. The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]], that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. Gaddaffi had made the suggestion in light of [[Rikicin Jos, 2010|recent violence]] between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.<ref name="BBCnews" /> In addition Gaddaffi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.<ref name="BBCnews" /> The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews" /> The [[Majalisar Najeriya|Nigerian National Assembly]] has requested that the government ask the [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Nations]] to prohibit Gaddaffi from calling for the division of Nigeria.<ref name="Xinhua" /> The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an [[Tarayyar Afrika|African Union]] investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators". * Libya has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tripoli]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |24 June 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971 * Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malawi}} |29 November 1969 |See Malawi–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969. * Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Lilongwe]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mali}} |1 August 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Mali has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bamako]]. |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |16 June 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1976 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Morocco}} | | * Morocco has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rabat]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |25 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975. * Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Maputo]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 March 1990 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990. * Namibia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Windhoek]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Niger}} |8 June 1961 |See Niger–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large [[Hausawa|Hausa]] minority on each side of their 1500&nbsp;km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state. The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger. * Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Niamey]]. |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |10 June 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972 when appointed first Ambassador of Nigeria to Rwanda (resident in Kampala) Mr. Mbom Etuk. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |30 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Sao Tomé|São Tomé]]. * São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Senegal}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dakar]]. * Senegal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27 April 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Freetown]]. * Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Africa}} |21 February 1994 |See Nigeria–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994 * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Pretoria]] and a consulate-general in [[Johannesburg]]. * South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sudan}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an Embassy in Khartoum. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Khartoum]]. * Sudan has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Tanzania}} | | * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]]. * Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Togo}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lomé]]. * Togo has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |15 January 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Harare]]. * Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Amurka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Argentina}} |15 August 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961 * Argentina has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Barbados}} |24 April 1970 |See Barbados–Nigeria relations * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970 * Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. * Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria. In 2006 the Governor [[Gbenga Daniel|Otunba Gbenga Daniel]] of the Nigerian state of [[Ogun]] announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria. Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belize}} |19 April 1982 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1982. * Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Brazil}} |16 August 1961 |See Brazil–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961 Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade. * Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Brasilia|Brasília]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Canada}} |1 October 1960 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 * Canada has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission on Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Ottawa]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192045/http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/geo/nigeria-en.aspx Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Nigeria] |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chile}} |5 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961 * Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. * Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Colombia}} |1 January 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979 * Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana. * Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |26 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cuba}} |1 July 1974 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974 * Cuba has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Havana]]. |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |23 July 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2001 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |10 December 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979 * Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guyana}} |27 June 1970 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1970 * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |28 January 1978 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1978. |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |25 September 2013 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2013. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |29 April 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970 * Jamaica has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |14 April 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976 See Mexico–Nigeria relations * Mexico has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]]. |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |12 February 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2001 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |7 July 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1971 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Port of Spain]]. * Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in Abuja. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United States}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See [[Tarihin Dangantakar Najeriya da Amurka|Nigeria–United States relations]] After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|human rights]] abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995. After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good. The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 attacks]]. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]]. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Sub-Saharan Africa]]. As a member of the [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|International Criminal Court]] Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Atlanta]] and [[New York (birni)|New York City]]. * United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |20 February 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965 * Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. * Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |16 March 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Karakas|Caracas]]. * Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Asiya == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Armenia}} |4 February 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993 * Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |11 March 1992 |See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations * Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date * Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |3 January 1976 |See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|OIC]] and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley|Next Eleven]] economies. * Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dhaka]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|China}} |10 February 1971 |See [[Alaƙar China da Najeriya|China–Nigeria relations]] Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971. Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support. In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the [[Majalisar Najeriya|National Assembly of Nigeria]]. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership. China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. * China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|India}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Indiya|India–Nigeria relations]] The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's [[Danyen mai|crude oil]] needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa. * India has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[New Delhi]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5 March 1965 |See Indonesia–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965 * Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Iran}} |5 May 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972 * Iran has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tehran]]. |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |6 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1961 when Iraq opened its Embassy in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Israel}} |1 October 1960 |See Israel–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960. Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better. * Israel has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Japan}} | |See Japan-Nigeria relations * Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]]. |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |30 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1961 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |8 January 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level * Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|North Korea}} |1976 |See Nigeria–North Korea relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]] * North Korea has an embassy in Abuja |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malaysia}} | |See Malaysia–Nigeria relations * Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |1 March 1989 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1989 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |8 January 1981 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1981 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | |See Nigeria–Pakistan relations [[File:Defense_attachés_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base,_Abuja,_Nigeria.jpg|right|thumb|Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, [[Abuja]], Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during ''Africa Endeavour 2008''.]] The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie" * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Islamabad]]. * Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Philippines}} |1 August 1962 |See Nigeria–Philippines relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Manila]]. * Philippines has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Qatar}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Doha]]. * Qatar has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate-general in [[Jeddah]]. * Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Korea}} |22 January 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980 Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Seoul]]. * South Korea has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |30 September 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1965 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Turkey}} |16 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Charge d'Affaires. * [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]]. * Turkey has an embassy in [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" /> * Trade volume between the two countries was US$726 million in 2019.<ref name="auto148" /> * There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abuja]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] and [[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" /> |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |20 January 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]. * United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |25 May 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. * Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |12 May 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1979 |} == Turai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |22 May 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1973. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Austria}} |21 December 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its Embassy in Lagos. * Austria has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belgium}} |4 February 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961 * Belgium has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} | | * Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Prag|Prague]]. |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |15 February 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1962 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Nigeria Mr. Karl Borge Raavad |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |18 January 1963 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1963 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|France}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960(Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965) * France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Faris|Paris]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Germany}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See Germany-Nigeria relations * Germany has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in Frankfurt. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Greece}} | |See Greece-Nigeria relations Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling. There is a small Greek business community in Lagos. * Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Athens]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ireland}} | | * Ireland has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dublin]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Italy}} | | * Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rum|Rome]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Hungary}} | | * Hungary has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Budapest]]. |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |29 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Netherlands}} | | * Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague. |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Poland}} |30 May 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962 See Nigeria–Poland relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]]. * Poland has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Portugal}} |10 July 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lisbon]]. * Portugal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Russia}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Rasha|Nigeria–Russia relations]] * Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow. * Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Madrid]]. * Spain has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sweden}} |3 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Stockholm]]. * Sweden has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |10 December 1992 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1992 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |1 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Landan|London]]. * United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt. |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Ƙasa ! style="width:12%;" | An Fara Dangantaka ta Gaskiya ! Bayanan kula |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Australia}}</img>{{Flag|Australia}} | | * Ostiraliya tana da babban kwamiti a Abuja. * Najeriya tana da babban kwamiti a [[Kanberra|Canberra]] . * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |- valign="top" |{{Flag|New Zealand}}</img>{{Flag|New Zealand}} | Afrilu 16, 1982 | Kasashen biyu sun kulla huldar diflomasiyya a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1982 lokacin da Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya na farko a Canberra, Mista Edward Sanu ya mika takardar shaidarsa ga Janar Janar na New Zealand * Kasar New Zealand ta samu karbuwa ga Najeriya daga ofishin jakadancinta da ke Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. * Najeriya ta samu karbuwa ga kasar New Zealand daga babban hukumar da ke Canberra, Australia. * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |} == Rikicin kasa da kasa == An kammala keɓe iyakokin kasa da kasa a kusa da [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]], wanda rashin abin da ya haifar da al'amuran kan iyaka a baya, ana jiran amincewa da [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da Najeriya; Rikicin da ake yi da Kamaru kan iyakokin kasa da na ruwa da ke kewayen [[Bakassi|yankin Bakasi]] a halin yanzu yana gaban kotun kasa da kasa ; Rikicin kan iyakar teku da [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] saboda takaddamar hukunce-hukuncen yankunan da ke da arzikin mai a [[Tekun Guinea|mashigin tekun Guinea]] . == Najeriya da ƙungiyar Commonwealth == Tarayyar Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1960 tare da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu]] a matsayin Sarauniyar Najeriya . Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a cikin kasashen Commonwealth a shekarar 1963, lokacin da Gwamna-Janar na Najeriya [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban Najeriya]] na farko . An dakatar da Najeriya daga kungiyar Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka maido da cikakken mambanta. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 04hkevv13wcbejpc4dv5t8oszjrqmqd 823642 823641 2026-04-21T15:11:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 823642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|300x300px| Kasashen da Najeriya ke da huldar diflomasiya da su.]] Tun lokacin da 'yancin kai, tare da [[Jaja Wachuku]] a matsayin Ministan [[Ministan Harkokin Waje (Najeriya)|Harkokin Waje]] na farko da Harkokin Commonwealth, daga baya aka kira Harkokin Harkokin Waje, Harkokin Harkokin Waje [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Nijeriya]] ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga nahiyar [[Afirka]] a matsayin ikon yanki da kuma jingina ga wasu muhimman ka'idoji: haɗin kai da 'yancin kai na Afirka; yana yin amfani da tasirin hegemonic a cikin yankin: sasanta rikice-rikice cikin lumana; rashin daidaito da tsoma baki cikin al'amuran cikin gida na sauran al'ummomi; da hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankin. A wajen aiwatar da wadannan ka'idoji, Najeriya na shiga cikin [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]], [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] (ECOWAS), Kungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Rigakafi, Kungiyar Kasashen Commonwealth, da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . == Najeriya da 'yantar da Afirka == Bayan samun 'yencin kai a shekarar 1960, [[Najeriya]] ta yi gaggawar sadaukar da kanta wajen inganta rayuwar al'ummar kasar da kuma amfani da albarkatun da suka rage masu muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma makwabtanta. Ta hanyar lura da irin fa'ida da dacewa ga kasar, [[Najeriya]] ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afrika (OAU), wadda daga baya ta zama Tarayyar Afirka. Kungiyar hadin kan Afrika na duba zaman lafiyar kowace kasashen Afirka da kuma karfafa musu gwiwa da su gudanar da tarukan yanki na kungiyar. Najeriya ta goyi bayan jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar daukar tsauraran matakai dangane da gwamnatin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ayyukan sojan da suke yi a kudancin Afirka. Najeriya da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU, yanzu [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] ), suna da tasiri sosai a kasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma]] da Afirka baki daya. Najeriya ta kuma kafa kokarin hadin gwiwa a yankin yammacin Afirka, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da misali ga [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] da [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]], kungiyoyin tattalin arziki da na soja, bi da bi. Hakazalika, lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke a [[Angola|kasar Angola]] bayan kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Portugal a shekarar 1975, Najeriya ta zaburar da tasirinta na diflomasiyya a nahiyar Afirka domin nuna goyon baya ga Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Wannan tallafin ya taimaka wajen daidaita daidaiton su, wanda ya sa OAU ta amince da MPLA a kan Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don Gabatar da 'Yancin Angola. Najeriya ta ba da goyon bayan diflomasiyya ga wata kungiyar Sam Nujoma ta Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma a Namibiya, don dakatar da mulkin wariyar launin fata da Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa a can. A shekarar 1977, sabon mulkin soja na Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 20 ga yunkurin Zimbabwe na yaki da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Rhodesia . Najeriya ta kuma aike da kayan aikin soji zuwa kasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] domin taimakawa sabuwar kasar da ta samu 'yancin kai wajen murkushe 'yan tawayen kasar Mozambique da ke samun goyon bayan Afirka ta Kudu. Najeriya ta kuma ba da horon soji a sashin soja na farko na kanikanci a Kaduna da sauran tallafi na kayan aiki ga Joshua Nkomo da dakarun sa-kai na Robert Mugabe a lokacin yakin Zimbabwe a 1979 kan mulkin farar fata marasa rinjaye na Firayim Minista Ian Douglas Smith a 1979, wanda ya samu goyon bayan wariyar launin fata - gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Sakamakon rashin tafiyar da tattalin arzikinta da fasahar kere-kere, Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za ta kaddamar da shirin nukiliyar na "mara iyaka" na kanta amma abin ya ci tura. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta nuna matukar muhimmancinta wajen inganta tattalin arzikin al’umma, ta kuma fara mayar da wasu kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da ke kasuwanci tare da karya takunkumin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ayyukan gida na bankin Barclays. An mayar da kasar ne bayan bankin ya yi watsi da zanga-zangar da al'ummar Najeriya suka yi. Haka kuma Najeriya ta mayar da kamfanin man fetur na kasar Britaniya (BP) kasa domin isar da mai ga kasar Afrika ta kudu. A shekarar 1982, gwamnatin Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] ta bukaci [[John Paul na Biyu|Fafaroma John Paul na biyu]] da ya kawo ziyarar aiki ga shugabannin kungiyoyin asiri na kudancin Afirka Oliver Tambo na ANC da Sam Nujoma na SWAPO. A watan Disambar 1983, sabon mulkin Manjo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sanar da cewa Najeriya ba za ta iya sake samun mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ba. duk da haka, Najeriya ce kasa ta farko a bakar fata a doron kasa saboda yawan al'ummarta, Najeriya na da matukar fa'ida kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za ta zama mai karfin fada a ji a fagen duniya. == Najeriya da yammacin Afrika == A ci gaba da cimma burin hadin gwiwa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, Najeriya ta taimaka wajen samar da kungiyar ECOWAS, mai neman daidaita harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari ga kasashe mambobinta 16 na Afirka ta Yamma, a karshe ta cimma cikakkiyar kungiyar kwastam, da kuma kafa kudi guda. Najeriya ta kuma yi gaba wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin kasashe masu tasowa kan bukatar gyara tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa. Najeriya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] na kawo karshen yakin basasa a Laberiya kuma ta ba da gudummawar mafi yawan dakarun [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19362200903361945 wanzar da zaman lafiya da kungiyar ta ECOWAS] ta tura can a shekarar 1990. Har ila yau Najeriya ta ba da mafi yawan sojojin ga dakarun [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Saliyo]] . Najeriya gaba daya tana da kyakkyawar alaka da makwabtanta. Najeriya ta taka rawar gani sosai a yammacin Afirka, tare da babban karfin soja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces?wprov=sfla1], Najeriya ta dawwama a burinta na inganta zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a yankin da ya fi wadata a Afirka sama da shekaru talatin. == Najeriya da Ƙungiyoyin Duniya == Najeriya memba ce a Ƙungiyoyi kamar haka: * Rukunin Kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific * Bankin Raya Afirka * [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] * Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci gaba mai Dorewa a Kudancin * Commonwealth of Nations * [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] * Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma * Rukuni na 15 * [[Group of 19|G-19]] * Rukuni na 24 * Rukuni na 77 * Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya * Bankin Duniya na Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba * Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya * [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya * Kudin hannun jari International Finance Corporation * [[Asusun Tallafawa Noma na Duniya]] * International Hydrographic Organization * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya * Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya * Ƙungiyar Tauraron Dan Adam ta Duniya * Kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa * [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa]] * Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya * Interpol * Motsin da ba a daidaita shi ba * Kungiyar Hana Makamai Masu Guba * [[OPEC|Kungiyar kasashe masu arzikin man fetur]] * [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|Kungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci]] * Kotun Kotu ta Dindindin * [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba * [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * [[UNESCO|Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Kungiyar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Tawagar sa ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Iraki-Kuwait * Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kosovo * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Yammacin Sahara * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bosnia da Herzegovina * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Prevlaka * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Tajikistan * Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Universal Postal Union * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Hukumar Kwastam ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Duniya * Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya * Kungiyar yawon bude ido ta duniya * [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya]] Gwamnatin Babangida ta shiga kungiyar kasashen musulmi ta OIC, yanzu [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|kungiyar hadin kan kasashen musulmi]], duk da cewa shugaba Obasanjo ya nuna cewa watakila ya sake duba kasancewar Najeriya mamba, ana kuma yin tsokaci ga Najeriya don kara kulla alaka tsakanin kasashen biyu. == Afirka == {{Gyara Fassara}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Algeria}} |2 September 1968 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968 * Algeria has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Aljir|Algiers]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Angola}} | |See [[Dangantakar Angola da Najeriya|Angola–Nigeria relations]] Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the [[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]], the African Union and other multilateral organizations. The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples. * Angola has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Luanda]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Benin}} |12 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou. * Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Cotonou]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |19 February 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials. * Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ouagadougou]]. |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |6 November 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cameroon}} | |See Cameroon-Nigeria relations A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich [[Bakassi|Bakassi Peninsula]] was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the [[Yarjejeniyar "Greentree Agreement"|Greentree Agreement]] which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013. Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998. * Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]], a consulate-general in [[Douala]] and a consulate in Buea. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chad}} | |See Chad–Nigeria relations Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties. * Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970. * Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bangui]]. |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |5 November 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1982. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | | * DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |26 July 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961. * Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abidjan]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Egypt}} | | * Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |25 January 1969 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969 * Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Malabo]] and a consulate in Bata. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} | |{{Main|Ethiopia–Nigeria relations}} * Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gabon}} |18 January 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973 * Gabon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Libreville]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gambia}} | | * Gambia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Banjul]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ghana}} |1 October 1960 |See [[Dangantaka Ghana da Najeriya|Ghana–Nigeria relations]] Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960 Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed [[Hilla Limann|Limann]] in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries. In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.<ref name="cs" /> Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.<ref name="cs" /> Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations. * Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Accra]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guinea}} | | * Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Conakry]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Kenya}} | |See Kenya–Nigeria relations * Kenya has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Nairobi]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Liberia}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date. * Liberia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Monrovia]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Libya}} | | Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010. The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]], that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. Gaddaffi had made the suggestion in light of [[Rikicin Jos, 2010|recent violence]] between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.<ref name="BBCnews" /> In addition Gaddaffi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.<ref name="BBCnews" /> The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews" /> The [[Majalisar Najeriya|Nigerian National Assembly]] has requested that the government ask the [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Nations]] to prohibit Gaddaffi from calling for the division of Nigeria.<ref name="Xinhua" /> The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an [[Tarayyar Afrika|African Union]] investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators". * Libya has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tripoli]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |24 June 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971 * Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malawi}} |29 November 1969 |See Malawi–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969. * Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Lilongwe]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mali}} |1 August 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Mali has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bamako]]. |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |16 June 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1976 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Morocco}} | | * Morocco has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rabat]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |25 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975. * Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Maputo]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 March 1990 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990. * Namibia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Windhoek]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Niger}} |8 June 1961 |See Niger–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large [[Hausawa|Hausa]] minority on each side of their 1500&nbsp;km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state. The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger. * Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Niamey]]. |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |10 June 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972 when appointed first Ambassador of Nigeria to Rwanda (resident in Kampala) Mr. Mbom Etuk. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |30 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Sao Tomé|São Tomé]]. * São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Senegal}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dakar]]. * Senegal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27 April 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Freetown]]. * Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Africa}} |21 February 1994 |See Nigeria–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994 * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Pretoria]] and a consulate-general in [[Johannesburg]]. * South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sudan}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an Embassy in Khartoum. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Khartoum]]. * Sudan has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Tanzania}} | | * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]]. * Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Togo}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lomé]]. * Togo has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |15 January 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Harare]]. * Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Amurka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Argentina}} |15 August 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961 * Argentina has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Barbados}} |24 April 1970 |See Barbados–Nigeria relations * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970 * Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. * Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria. In 2006 the Governor [[Gbenga Daniel|Otunba Gbenga Daniel]] of the Nigerian state of [[Ogun]] announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria. Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belize}} |19 April 1982 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1982. * Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Brazil}} |16 August 1961 |See Brazil–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961 Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade. * Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Brasilia|Brasília]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Canada}} |1 October 1960 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 * Canada has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission on Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Ottawa]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192045/http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/geo/nigeria-en.aspx Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Nigeria] |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chile}} |5 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961 * Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. * Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Colombia}} |1 January 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979 * Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana. * Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |26 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cuba}} |1 July 1974 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974 * Cuba has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Havana]]. |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |23 July 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2001 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |10 December 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979 * Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guyana}} |27 June 1970 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1970 * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |28 January 1978 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1978. |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |25 September 2013 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2013. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |29 April 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970 * Jamaica has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |14 April 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976 See Mexico–Nigeria relations * Mexico has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]]. |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |12 February 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2001 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |7 July 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1971 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Port of Spain]]. * Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in Abuja. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United States}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See [[Tarihin Dangantakar Najeriya da Amurka|Nigeria–United States relations]] After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|human rights]] abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995. After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good. The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 attacks]]. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]]. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Sub-Saharan Africa]]. As a member of the [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|International Criminal Court]] Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Atlanta]] and [[New York (birni)|New York City]]. * United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |20 February 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965 * Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. * Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |16 March 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Karakas|Caracas]]. * Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Asiya == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Armenia}} |4 February 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993 * Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |11 March 1992 |See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations * Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date * Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |3 January 1976 |See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|OIC]] and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley|Next Eleven]] economies. * Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dhaka]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|China}} |10 February 1971 |See [[Alaƙar China da Najeriya|China–Nigeria relations]] Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971. Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support. In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the [[Majalisar Najeriya|National Assembly of Nigeria]]. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership. China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. * China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|India}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Indiya|India–Nigeria relations]] The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's [[Danyen mai|crude oil]] needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa. * India has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[New Delhi]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5 March 1965 |See Indonesia–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965 * Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Iran}} |5 May 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972 * Iran has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tehran]]. |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |6 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1961 when Iraq opened its Embassy in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Israel}} |1 October 1960 |See Israel–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960. Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better. * Israel has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Japan}} | |See Japan-Nigeria relations * Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]]. |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |30 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1961 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |8 January 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level * Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|North Korea}} |1976 |See Nigeria–North Korea relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]] * North Korea has an embassy in Abuja |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malaysia}} | |See Malaysia–Nigeria relations * Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |1 March 1989 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1989 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |8 January 1981 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1981 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | |See Nigeria–Pakistan relations [[File:Defense_attachés_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base,_Abuja,_Nigeria.jpg|right|thumb|Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, [[Abuja]], Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during ''Africa Endeavour 2008''.]] The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie" * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Islamabad]]. * Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Philippines}} |1 August 1962 |See Nigeria–Philippines relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Manila]]. * Philippines has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Qatar}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Doha]]. * Qatar has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate-general in [[Jeddah]]. * Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Korea}} |22 January 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980 Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Seoul]]. * South Korea has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |30 September 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1965 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Turkey}} |16 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Charge d'Affaires. * [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]]. * Turkey has an embassy in [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" /> * Trade volume between the two countries was US$726 million in 2019.<ref name="auto148" /> * There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abuja]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] and [[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" /> |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |20 January 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]. * United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |25 May 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. * Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |12 May 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1979 |} == Turai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |22 May 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1973. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Austria}} |21 December 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its Embassy in Lagos. * Austria has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belgium}} |4 February 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961 * Belgium has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} | | * Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Prag|Prague]]. |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |15 February 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1962 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Nigeria Mr. Karl Borge Raavad |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |18 January 1963 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1963 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|France}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960(Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965) * France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Faris|Paris]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Germany}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See Germany-Nigeria relations * Germany has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in Frankfurt. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Greece}} | |See Greece-Nigeria relations Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling. There is a small Greek business community in Lagos. * Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Athens]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ireland}} | | * Ireland has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dublin]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Italy}} | | * Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rum|Rome]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Hungary}} | | * Hungary has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Budapest]]. |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |29 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Netherlands}} | | * Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague. |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Poland}} |30 May 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962 See Nigeria–Poland relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]]. * Poland has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Portugal}} |10 July 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lisbon]]. * Portugal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Russia}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Rasha|Nigeria–Russia relations]] * Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow. * Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Madrid]]. * Spain has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sweden}} |3 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Stockholm]]. * Sweden has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |10 December 1992 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1992 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |1 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Landan|London]]. * United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt. |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Ƙasa ! style="width:12%;" | An Fara Dangantaka ta Gaskiya ! Bayanan kula |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Australia}}</img>{{Flag|Australia}} | | * Ostiraliya tana da babban kwamiti a Abuja. * Najeriya tana da babban kwamiti a [[Kanberra|Canberra]] . * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |- valign="top" |{{Flag|New Zealand}}</img>{{Flag|New Zealand}} | Afrilu 16, 1982 | Kasashen biyu sun kulla huldar diflomasiyya a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1982 lokacin da Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya na farko a Canberra, Mista Edward Sanu ya mika takardar shaidarsa ga Janar Janar na New Zealand * Kasar New Zealand ta samu karbuwa ga Najeriya daga ofishin jakadancinta da ke Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. * Najeriya ta samu karbuwa ga kasar New Zealand daga babban hukumar da ke Canberra, Australia. * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |} == Rikicin kasa da kasa == An kammala keɓe iyakokin kasa da kasa a kusa da [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]], wanda rashin abin da ya haifar da al'amuran kan iyaka a baya, ana jiran amincewa da [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da Najeriya; Rikicin da ake yi da Kamaru kan iyakokin kasa da na ruwa da ke kewayen [[Bakassi|yankin Bakasi]] a halin yanzu yana gaban kotun kasa da kasa ; Rikicin kan iyakar teku da [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] saboda takaddamar hukunce-hukuncen yankunan da ke da arzikin mai a [[Tekun Guinea|mashigin tekun Guinea]] . == Najeriya da ƙungiyar Commonwealth == Tarayyar Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1960 tare da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu]] a matsayin Sarauniyar Najeriya . Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a cikin kasashen Commonwealth a shekarar 1963, lokacin da Gwamna-Janar na Najeriya [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban Najeriya]] na farko . An dakatar da Najeriya daga kungiyar Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka maido da cikakken mambanta. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hepapt3g3kqli9l6l329cwyqmezp6hz 823643 823642 2026-04-21T15:11:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 823643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|300x300px| Kasashen da Najeriya ke da huldar diflomasiya da su.]] Tun lokacin da 'yancin kai, tare da [[Jaja Wachuku]] a matsayin Ministan [[Ministan Harkokin Waje (Najeriya)|Harkokin Waje]] na farko da Harkokin Commonwealth, daga baya aka kira Harkokin Harkokin Waje, Harkokin Harkokin Waje [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Nijeriya]] ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga nahiyar [[Afirka]] a matsayin ikon yanki da kuma jingina ga wasu muhimman ka'idoji: haɗin kai da 'yancin kai na Afirka; yana yin amfani da tasirin hegemonic a cikin yankin: sasanta rikice-rikice cikin lumana; rashin daidaito da tsoma baki cikin al'amuran cikin gida na sauran al'ummomi; da hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankin. A wajen aiwatar da wadannan ka'idoji, Najeriya na shiga cikin [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]], [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] (ECOWAS), Kungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Rigakafi, Kungiyar Kasashen Commonwealth, da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . == Najeriya da 'yantar da Afirka == Bayan samun 'yencin kai a shekarar 1960, [[Najeriya]] ta yi gaggawar sadaukar da kanta wajen inganta rayuwar al'ummar kasar da kuma amfani da albarkatun da suka rage masu muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma makwabtanta. Ta hanyar lura da irin fa'ida da dacewa ga kasar, [[Najeriya]] ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afrika (OAU), wadda daga baya ta zama Tarayyar Afirka. Kungiyar hadin kan Afrika na duba zaman lafiyar kowace kasashen Afirka da kuma karfafa musu gwiwa da su gudanar da tarukan yanki na kungiyar. Najeriya ta goyi bayan jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar daukar tsauraran matakai dangane da gwamnatin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ayyukan sojan da suke yi a kudancin Afirka. Najeriya da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU, yanzu [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] ), suna da tasiri sosai a kasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma]] da Afirka baki daya. Najeriya ta kuma kafa kokarin hadin gwiwa a yankin yammacin Afirka, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da misali ga [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] da [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]], kungiyoyin tattalin arziki da na soja, bi da bi. Hakazalika, lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke a [[Angola|kasar Angola]] bayan kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Portugal a shekarar 1975, Najeriya ta zaburar da tasirinta na diflomasiyya a nahiyar Afirka domin nuna goyon baya ga Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Wannan tallafin ya taimaka wajen daidaita daidaiton su, wanda ya sa OAU ta amince da MPLA a kan Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don Gabatar da 'Yancin [[Angola]]. Najeriya ta ba da goyon bayan diflomasiyya ga wata kungiyar Sam Nujoma ta Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma a Namibiya, don dakatar da mulkin wariyar launin fata da Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa a can. A shekarar 1977, sabon mulkin soja na Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 20 ga yunkurin Zimbabwe na yaki da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Rhodesia . Najeriya ta kuma aike da kayan aikin soji zuwa kasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] domin taimakawa sabuwar kasar da ta samu 'yancin kai wajen murkushe 'yan tawayen kasar Mozambique da ke samun goyon bayan Afirka ta Kudu. Najeriya ta kuma ba da horon soji a sashin soja na farko na kanikanci a Kaduna da sauran tallafi na kayan aiki ga Joshua Nkomo da dakarun sa-kai na Robert Mugabe a lokacin yakin Zimbabwe a 1979 kan mulkin farar fata marasa rinjaye na Firayim Minista Ian Douglas Smith a 1979, wanda ya samu goyon bayan wariyar launin fata - gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Sakamakon rashin tafiyar da tattalin arzikinta da fasahar kere-kere, Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za ta kaddamar da shirin nukiliyar na "mara iyaka" na kanta amma abin ya ci tura. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta nuna matukar muhimmancinta wajen inganta tattalin arzikin al’umma, ta kuma fara mayar da wasu kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da ke kasuwanci tare da karya takunkumin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ayyukan gida na bankin Barclays. An mayar da kasar ne bayan bankin ya yi watsi da zanga-zangar da al'ummar Najeriya suka yi. Haka kuma Najeriya ta mayar da kamfanin man fetur na kasar Britaniya (BP) kasa domin isar da mai ga kasar Afrika ta kudu. A shekarar 1982, gwamnatin Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] ta bukaci [[John Paul na Biyu|Fafaroma John Paul na biyu]] da ya kawo ziyarar aiki ga shugabannin kungiyoyin asiri na kudancin Afirka Oliver Tambo na ANC da Sam Nujoma na SWAPO. A watan Disambar 1983, sabon mulkin Manjo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sanar da cewa Najeriya ba za ta iya sake samun mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ba. duk da haka, Najeriya ce kasa ta farko a bakar fata a doron kasa saboda yawan al'ummarta, Najeriya na da matukar fa'ida kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za ta zama mai karfin fada a ji a fagen duniya. == Najeriya da yammacin Afrika == A ci gaba da cimma burin hadin gwiwa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, Najeriya ta taimaka wajen samar da kungiyar ECOWAS, mai neman daidaita harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari ga kasashe mambobinta 16 na Afirka ta Yamma, a karshe ta cimma cikakkiyar kungiyar kwastam, da kuma kafa kudi guda. Najeriya ta kuma yi gaba wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin kasashe masu tasowa kan bukatar gyara tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa. Najeriya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] na kawo karshen yakin basasa a Laberiya kuma ta ba da gudummawar mafi yawan dakarun [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19362200903361945 wanzar da zaman lafiya da kungiyar ta ECOWAS] ta tura can a shekarar 1990. Har ila yau Najeriya ta ba da mafi yawan sojojin ga dakarun [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Saliyo]] . Najeriya gaba daya tana da kyakkyawar alaka da makwabtanta. Najeriya ta taka rawar gani sosai a yammacin Afirka, tare da babban karfin soja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces?wprov=sfla1], Najeriya ta dawwama a burinta na inganta zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a yankin da ya fi wadata a Afirka sama da shekaru talatin. == Najeriya da Ƙungiyoyin Duniya == Najeriya memba ce a Ƙungiyoyi kamar haka: * Rukunin Kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific * Bankin Raya Afirka * [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] * Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci gaba mai Dorewa a Kudancin * Commonwealth of Nations * [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] * Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma * Rukuni na 15 * [[Group of 19|G-19]] * Rukuni na 24 * Rukuni na 77 * Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya * Bankin Duniya na Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba * Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya * [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya * Kudin hannun jari International Finance Corporation * [[Asusun Tallafawa Noma na Duniya]] * International Hydrographic Organization * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya * Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya * Ƙungiyar Tauraron Dan Adam ta Duniya * Kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa * [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa]] * Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya * Interpol * Motsin da ba a daidaita shi ba * Kungiyar Hana Makamai Masu Guba * [[OPEC|Kungiyar kasashe masu arzikin man fetur]] * [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|Kungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci]] * Kotun Kotu ta Dindindin * [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba * [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * [[UNESCO|Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Kungiyar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Tawagar sa ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Iraki-Kuwait * Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kosovo * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Yammacin Sahara * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bosnia da Herzegovina * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Prevlaka * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Tajikistan * Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Universal Postal Union * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Hukumar Kwastam ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Duniya * Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya * Kungiyar yawon bude ido ta duniya * [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya]] Gwamnatin Babangida ta shiga kungiyar kasashen musulmi ta OIC, yanzu [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|kungiyar hadin kan kasashen musulmi]], duk da cewa shugaba Obasanjo ya nuna cewa watakila ya sake duba kasancewar Najeriya mamba, ana kuma yin tsokaci ga Najeriya don kara kulla alaka tsakanin kasashen biyu. == Afirka == {{Gyara Fassara}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Algeria}} |2 September 1968 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968 * Algeria has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Aljir|Algiers]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Angola}} | |See [[Dangantakar Angola da Najeriya|Angola–Nigeria relations]] Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the [[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]], the African Union and other multilateral organizations. The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples. * Angola has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Luanda]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Benin}} |12 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou. * Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Cotonou]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |19 February 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials. * Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ouagadougou]]. |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |6 November 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cameroon}} | |See Cameroon-Nigeria relations A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich [[Bakassi|Bakassi Peninsula]] was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the [[Yarjejeniyar "Greentree Agreement"|Greentree Agreement]] which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013. Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998. * Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]], a consulate-general in [[Douala]] and a consulate in Buea. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chad}} | |See Chad–Nigeria relations Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties. * Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970. * Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bangui]]. |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |5 November 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1982. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | | * DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |26 July 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961. * Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abidjan]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Egypt}} | | * Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |25 January 1969 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969 * Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Malabo]] and a consulate in Bata. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} | |{{Main|Ethiopia–Nigeria relations}} * Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gabon}} |18 January 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973 * Gabon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Libreville]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gambia}} | | * Gambia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Banjul]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ghana}} |1 October 1960 |See [[Dangantaka Ghana da Najeriya|Ghana–Nigeria relations]] Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960 Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed [[Hilla Limann|Limann]] in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries. In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.<ref name="cs" /> Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.<ref name="cs" /> Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations. * Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Accra]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guinea}} | | * Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Conakry]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Kenya}} | |See Kenya–Nigeria relations * Kenya has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Nairobi]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Liberia}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date. * Liberia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Monrovia]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Libya}} | | Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010. The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]], that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. Gaddaffi had made the suggestion in light of [[Rikicin Jos, 2010|recent violence]] between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.<ref name="BBCnews" /> In addition Gaddaffi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.<ref name="BBCnews" /> The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews" /> The [[Majalisar Najeriya|Nigerian National Assembly]] has requested that the government ask the [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Nations]] to prohibit Gaddaffi from calling for the division of Nigeria.<ref name="Xinhua" /> The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an [[Tarayyar Afrika|African Union]] investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators". * Libya has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tripoli]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |24 June 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971 * Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malawi}} |29 November 1969 |See Malawi–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969. * Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Lilongwe]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mali}} |1 August 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Mali has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bamako]]. |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |16 June 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1976 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Morocco}} | | * Morocco has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rabat]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |25 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975. * Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Maputo]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 March 1990 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990. * Namibia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Windhoek]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Niger}} |8 June 1961 |See Niger–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large [[Hausawa|Hausa]] minority on each side of their 1500&nbsp;km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state. The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger. * Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Niamey]]. |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |10 June 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972 when appointed first Ambassador of Nigeria to Rwanda (resident in Kampala) Mr. Mbom Etuk. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |30 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Sao Tomé|São Tomé]]. * São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Senegal}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dakar]]. * Senegal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27 April 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Freetown]]. * Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Africa}} |21 February 1994 |See Nigeria–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994 * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Pretoria]] and a consulate-general in [[Johannesburg]]. * South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sudan}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an Embassy in Khartoum. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Khartoum]]. * Sudan has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Tanzania}} | | * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]]. * Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Togo}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lomé]]. * Togo has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |15 January 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Harare]]. * Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Amurka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Argentina}} |15 August 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961 * Argentina has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Barbados}} |24 April 1970 |See Barbados–Nigeria relations * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970 * Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. * Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria. In 2006 the Governor [[Gbenga Daniel|Otunba Gbenga Daniel]] of the Nigerian state of [[Ogun]] announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria. Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belize}} |19 April 1982 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1982. * Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Brazil}} |16 August 1961 |See Brazil–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961 Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade. * Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Brasilia|Brasília]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Canada}} |1 October 1960 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 * Canada has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission on Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Ottawa]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192045/http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/geo/nigeria-en.aspx Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Nigeria] |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chile}} |5 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961 * Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. * Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Colombia}} |1 January 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979 * Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana. * Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |26 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cuba}} |1 July 1974 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974 * Cuba has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Havana]]. |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |23 July 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2001 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |10 December 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979 * Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guyana}} |27 June 1970 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1970 * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |28 January 1978 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1978. |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |25 September 2013 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2013. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |29 April 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970 * Jamaica has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |14 April 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976 See Mexico–Nigeria relations * Mexico has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]]. |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |12 February 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2001 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |7 July 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1971 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Port of Spain]]. * Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in Abuja. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United States}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See [[Tarihin Dangantakar Najeriya da Amurka|Nigeria–United States relations]] After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|human rights]] abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995. After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good. The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 attacks]]. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]]. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Sub-Saharan Africa]]. As a member of the [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|International Criminal Court]] Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Atlanta]] and [[New York (birni)|New York City]]. * United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |20 February 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965 * Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. * Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |16 March 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Karakas|Caracas]]. * Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Asiya == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Armenia}} |4 February 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993 * Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |11 March 1992 |See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations * Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date * Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |3 January 1976 |See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|OIC]] and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley|Next Eleven]] economies. * Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dhaka]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|China}} |10 February 1971 |See [[Alaƙar China da Najeriya|China–Nigeria relations]] Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971. Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support. In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the [[Majalisar Najeriya|National Assembly of Nigeria]]. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership. China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. * China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|India}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Indiya|India–Nigeria relations]] The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's [[Danyen mai|crude oil]] needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa. * India has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[New Delhi]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5 March 1965 |See Indonesia–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965 * Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Iran}} |5 May 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972 * Iran has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tehran]]. |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |6 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1961 when Iraq opened its Embassy in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Israel}} |1 October 1960 |See Israel–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960. Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better. * Israel has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Japan}} | |See Japan-Nigeria relations * Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]]. |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |30 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1961 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |8 January 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level * Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|North Korea}} |1976 |See Nigeria–North Korea relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]] * North Korea has an embassy in Abuja |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malaysia}} | |See Malaysia–Nigeria relations * Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |1 March 1989 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1989 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |8 January 1981 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1981 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | |See Nigeria–Pakistan relations [[File:Defense_attachés_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base,_Abuja,_Nigeria.jpg|right|thumb|Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, [[Abuja]], Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during ''Africa Endeavour 2008''.]] The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie" * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Islamabad]]. * Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Philippines}} |1 August 1962 |See Nigeria–Philippines relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Manila]]. * Philippines has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Qatar}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Doha]]. * Qatar has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate-general in [[Jeddah]]. * Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Korea}} |22 January 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980 Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Seoul]]. * South Korea has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |30 September 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1965 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Turkey}} |16 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Charge d'Affaires. * [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]]. * Turkey has an embassy in [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" /> * Trade volume between the two countries was US$726 million in 2019.<ref name="auto148" /> * There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abuja]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] and [[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" /> |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |20 January 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]. * United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |25 May 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. * Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |12 May 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1979 |} == Turai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |22 May 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1973. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Austria}} |21 December 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its Embassy in Lagos. * Austria has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belgium}} |4 February 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961 * Belgium has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} | | * Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Prag|Prague]]. |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |15 February 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1962 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Nigeria Mr. Karl Borge Raavad |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |18 January 1963 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1963 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|France}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960(Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965) * France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Faris|Paris]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Germany}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See Germany-Nigeria relations * Germany has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in Frankfurt. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Greece}} | |See Greece-Nigeria relations Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling. There is a small Greek business community in Lagos. * Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Athens]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ireland}} | | * Ireland has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dublin]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Italy}} | | * Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rum|Rome]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Hungary}} | | * Hungary has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Budapest]]. |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |29 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Netherlands}} | | * Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague. |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Poland}} |30 May 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962 See Nigeria–Poland relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]]. * Poland has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Portugal}} |10 July 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lisbon]]. * Portugal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Russia}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Rasha|Nigeria–Russia relations]] * Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow. * Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Madrid]]. * Spain has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sweden}} |3 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Stockholm]]. * Sweden has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |10 December 1992 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1992 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |1 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Landan|London]]. * United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt. |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Ƙasa ! style="width:12%;" | An Fara Dangantaka ta Gaskiya ! Bayanan kula |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Australia}}</img>{{Flag|Australia}} | | * Ostiraliya tana da babban kwamiti a Abuja. * Najeriya tana da babban kwamiti a [[Kanberra|Canberra]] . * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |- valign="top" |{{Flag|New Zealand}}</img>{{Flag|New Zealand}} | Afrilu 16, 1982 | Kasashen biyu sun kulla huldar diflomasiyya a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1982 lokacin da Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya na farko a Canberra, Mista Edward Sanu ya mika takardar shaidarsa ga Janar Janar na New Zealand * Kasar New Zealand ta samu karbuwa ga Najeriya daga ofishin jakadancinta da ke Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. * Najeriya ta samu karbuwa ga kasar New Zealand daga babban hukumar da ke Canberra, Australia. * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |} == Rikicin kasa da kasa == An kammala keɓe iyakokin kasa da kasa a kusa da [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]], wanda rashin abin da ya haifar da al'amuran kan iyaka a baya, ana jiran amincewa da [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da Najeriya; Rikicin da ake yi da Kamaru kan iyakokin kasa da na ruwa da ke kewayen [[Bakassi|yankin Bakasi]] a halin yanzu yana gaban kotun kasa da kasa ; Rikicin kan iyakar teku da [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] saboda takaddamar hukunce-hukuncen yankunan da ke da arzikin mai a [[Tekun Guinea|mashigin tekun Guinea]] . == Najeriya da ƙungiyar Commonwealth == Tarayyar Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1960 tare da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu]] a matsayin Sarauniyar Najeriya . Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a cikin kasashen Commonwealth a shekarar 1963, lokacin da Gwamna-Janar na Najeriya [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban Najeriya]] na farko . An dakatar da Najeriya daga kungiyar Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka maido da cikakken mambanta. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hcsb71qqbvu91rbv9vlsts0tw5boyx9 823644 823643 2026-04-21T15:12:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 823644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|300x300px| Kasashen da Najeriya ke da huldar diflomasiya da su.]] Tun lokacin da 'yancin kai, tare da [[Jaja Wachuku]] a matsayin Ministan [[Ministan Harkokin Waje (Najeriya)|Harkokin Waje]] na farko da Harkokin Commonwealth, daga baya aka kira Harkokin Harkokin Waje, Harkokin Harkokin Waje [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Nijeriya]] ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga nahiyar [[Afirka]] a matsayin ikon yanki da kuma jingina ga wasu muhimman ka'idoji: haɗin kai da 'yancin kai na Afirka; yana yin amfani da tasirin hegemonic a cikin yankin: sasanta rikice-rikice cikin lumana; rashin daidaito da tsoma baki cikin al'amuran cikin gida na sauran al'ummomi; da hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankin. A wajen aiwatar da wadannan ka'idoji, Najeriya na shiga cikin [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]], [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] (ECOWAS), Kungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Rigakafi, Kungiyar Kasashen Commonwealth, da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . == Najeriya da 'yantar da Afirka == Bayan samun 'yencin kai a shekarar 1960, [[Najeriya]] ta yi gaggawar sadaukar da kanta wajen inganta rayuwar al'ummar kasar da kuma amfani da albarkatun da suka rage masu muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma makwabtanta. Ta hanyar lura da irin fa'ida da dacewa ga kasar, [[Najeriya]] ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afrika (OAU), wadda daga baya ta zama Tarayyar Afirka. Kungiyar hadin kan Afrika na duba zaman lafiyar kowace kasashen Afirka da kuma karfafa musu gwiwa da su gudanar da tarukan yanki na kungiyar. Najeriya ta goyi bayan jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar daukar tsauraran matakai dangane da gwamnatin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ayyukan sojan da suke yi a kudancin Afirka. Najeriya da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU, yanzu [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] ), suna da tasiri sosai a kasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma]] da Afirka baki daya. Najeriya ta kuma kafa kokarin hadin gwiwa a yankin yammacin Afirka, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da misali ga [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] da [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]], kungiyoyin tattalin arziki da na soja, bi da bi. Hakazalika, lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke a [[Angola|kasar Angola]] bayan kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Portugal a shekarar 1975, Najeriya ta zaburar da tasirinta na diflomasiyya a nahiyar Afirka domin nuna goyon baya ga Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Wannan tallafin ya taimaka wajen daidaita daidaiton su, wanda ya sa OAU ta amince da MPLA a kan Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don Gabatar da 'Yancin [[Angola]]. Najeriya ta ba da goyon bayan diflomasiyya ga wata kungiyar Sam Nujoma ta Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma a Namibiya, don dakatar da mulkin wariyar launin fata da Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa a can. A shekarar 1977, sabon mulkin soja na Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 20 ga yunkurin Zimbabwe na yaki da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Rhodesia . Najeriya ta kuma aike da kayan aikin soji zuwa kasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] domin taimakawa sabuwar kasar da ta samu 'yancin kai wajen murkushe 'yan tawayen kasar Mozambique da ke samun goyon bayan Afirka ta Kudu. Najeriya ta kuma ba da horon soji a sashin soja na farko na kanikanci a Kaduna da sauran tallafi na kayan aiki ga Joshua Nkomo da dakarun sa-kai na Robert Mugabe a lokacin yakin Zimbabwe a 1979 kan mulkin farar fata marasa rinjaye na Firayim Minista Ian Douglas Smith a 1979, wanda ya samu goyon bayan wariyar launin fata - gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Sakamakon rashin tafiyar da tattalin arzikinta da fasahar kere-kere, Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za ta kaddamar da shirin nukiliyar na "mara iyaka" na kanta amma abin ya ci tura. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta nuna matukar muhimmancinta wajen inganta tattalin arzikin al’umma, ta kuma fara mayar da wasu kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da ke kasuwanci tare da karya takunkumin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ayyukan gida na bankin Barclays. An mayar da kasar ne bayan bankin ya yi watsi da zanga-zangar da al'ummar Najeriya suka yi. Haka kuma Najeriya ta mayar da kamfanin man fetur na kasar Britaniya (BP) kasa domin isar da mai ga kasar Afrika ta kudu. A shekarar 1982, gwamnatin Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] ta bukaci [[John Paul na Biyu|Fafaroma John Paul na biyu]] da ya kawo ziyarar aiki ga shugabannin kungiyoyin asiri na kudancin Afirka Oliver Tambo na ANC da Sam Nujoma na SWAPO. A watan Disambar 1983, sabon mulkin Manjo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sanar da cewa Najeriya ba za ta iya sake samun mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ba. duk da haka, Najeriya ce kasa ta farko a bakar fata a doron kasa saboda yawan al'ummarta, Najeriya na da matukar fa'ida kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za ta zama mai karfin fada a ji a fagen duniya. == Najeriya da yammacin Afrika == A ci gaba da cimma burin hadin gwiwa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, Najeriya ta taimaka wajen samar da kungiyar ECOWAS, mai neman daidaita harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari ga kasashe mambobinta 16 na Afirka ta Yamma, a karshe ta cimma cikakkiyar kungiyar kwastam, da kuma kafa kudi guda. Najeriya ta kuma yi gaba wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin kasashe masu tasowa kan bukatar gyara tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa. Najeriya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] na kawo karshen yakin basasa a Laberiya kuma ta ba da gudummawar mafi yawan dakarun [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19362200903361945 wanzar da zaman lafiya da kungiyar ta ECOWAS] ta tura can a shekarar 1990. Har ila yau Najeriya ta ba da mafi yawan sojojin ga dakarun [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Saliyo]] . Najeriya gaba daya tana da kyakkyawar alaka da makwabtanta. [[Najeriya]] ta taka rawar gani sosai a yammacin Afirka, tare da babban karfin soja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces?wprov=sfla1], Najeriya ta dawwama a burinta na inganta zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a yankin da ya fi wadata a Afirka sama da shekaru talatin. == Najeriya da Ƙungiyoyin Duniya == Najeriya memba ce a Ƙungiyoyi kamar haka: * Rukunin Kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific * Bankin Raya Afirka * [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] * Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci gaba mai Dorewa a Kudancin * Commonwealth of Nations * [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] * Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma * Rukuni na 15 * [[Group of 19|G-19]] * Rukuni na 24 * Rukuni na 77 * Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya * Bankin Duniya na Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba * Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya * [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya * Kudin hannun jari International Finance Corporation * [[Asusun Tallafawa Noma na Duniya]] * International Hydrographic Organization * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya * Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya * Ƙungiyar Tauraron Dan Adam ta Duniya * Kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa * [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa]] * Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya * Interpol * Motsin da ba a daidaita shi ba * Kungiyar Hana Makamai Masu Guba * [[OPEC|Kungiyar kasashe masu arzikin man fetur]] * [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|Kungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci]] * Kotun Kotu ta Dindindin * [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba * [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * [[UNESCO|Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Kungiyar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Tawagar sa ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Iraki-Kuwait * Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kosovo * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Yammacin Sahara * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bosnia da Herzegovina * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Prevlaka * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Tajikistan * Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Universal Postal Union * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Hukumar Kwastam ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Duniya * Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya * Kungiyar yawon bude ido ta duniya * [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya]] Gwamnatin Babangida ta shiga kungiyar kasashen musulmi ta OIC, yanzu [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|kungiyar hadin kan kasashen musulmi]], duk da cewa shugaba Obasanjo ya nuna cewa watakila ya sake duba kasancewar Najeriya mamba, ana kuma yin tsokaci ga Najeriya don kara kulla alaka tsakanin kasashen biyu. == Afirka == {{Gyara Fassara}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Algeria}} |2 September 1968 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968 * Algeria has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Aljir|Algiers]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Angola}} | |See [[Dangantakar Angola da Najeriya|Angola–Nigeria relations]] Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the [[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]], the African Union and other multilateral organizations. The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples. * Angola has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Luanda]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Benin}} |12 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou. * Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Cotonou]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |19 February 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials. * Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ouagadougou]]. |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |6 November 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cameroon}} | |See Cameroon-Nigeria relations A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich [[Bakassi|Bakassi Peninsula]] was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the [[Yarjejeniyar "Greentree Agreement"|Greentree Agreement]] which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013. Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998. * Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]], a consulate-general in [[Douala]] and a consulate in Buea. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chad}} | |See Chad–Nigeria relations Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties. * Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970. * Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bangui]]. |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |5 November 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1982. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | | * DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |26 July 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961. * Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abidjan]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Egypt}} | | * Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |25 January 1969 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969 * Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Malabo]] and a consulate in Bata. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} | |{{Main|Ethiopia–Nigeria relations}} * Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gabon}} |18 January 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973 * Gabon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Libreville]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gambia}} | | * Gambia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Banjul]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ghana}} |1 October 1960 |See [[Dangantaka Ghana da Najeriya|Ghana–Nigeria relations]] Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960 Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed [[Hilla Limann|Limann]] in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries. In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.<ref name="cs" /> Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.<ref name="cs" /> Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations. * Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Accra]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guinea}} | | * Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Conakry]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Kenya}} | |See Kenya–Nigeria relations * Kenya has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Nairobi]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Liberia}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date. * Liberia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Monrovia]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Libya}} | | Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010. The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]], that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. Gaddaffi had made the suggestion in light of [[Rikicin Jos, 2010|recent violence]] between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.<ref name="BBCnews" /> In addition Gaddaffi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.<ref name="BBCnews" /> The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews" /> The [[Majalisar Najeriya|Nigerian National Assembly]] has requested that the government ask the [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Nations]] to prohibit Gaddaffi from calling for the division of Nigeria.<ref name="Xinhua" /> The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an [[Tarayyar Afrika|African Union]] investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators". * Libya has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tripoli]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |24 June 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971 * Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malawi}} |29 November 1969 |See Malawi–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969. * Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Lilongwe]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mali}} |1 August 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Mali has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bamako]]. |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |16 June 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1976 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Morocco}} | | * Morocco has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rabat]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |25 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975. * Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Maputo]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 March 1990 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990. * Namibia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Windhoek]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Niger}} |8 June 1961 |See Niger–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large [[Hausawa|Hausa]] minority on each side of their 1500&nbsp;km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state. The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger. * Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Niamey]]. |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |10 June 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972 when appointed first Ambassador of Nigeria to Rwanda (resident in Kampala) Mr. Mbom Etuk. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |30 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Sao Tomé|São Tomé]]. * São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Senegal}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dakar]]. * Senegal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27 April 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Freetown]]. * Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Africa}} |21 February 1994 |See Nigeria–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994 * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Pretoria]] and a consulate-general in [[Johannesburg]]. * South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sudan}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an Embassy in Khartoum. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Khartoum]]. * Sudan has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Tanzania}} | | * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]]. * Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Togo}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lomé]]. * Togo has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |15 January 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Harare]]. * Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Amurka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Argentina}} |15 August 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961 * Argentina has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Barbados}} |24 April 1970 |See Barbados–Nigeria relations * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970 * Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. * Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria. In 2006 the Governor [[Gbenga Daniel|Otunba Gbenga Daniel]] of the Nigerian state of [[Ogun]] announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria. Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belize}} |19 April 1982 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1982. * Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Brazil}} |16 August 1961 |See Brazil–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961 Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade. * Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Brasilia|Brasília]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Canada}} |1 October 1960 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 * Canada has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission on Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Ottawa]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192045/http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/geo/nigeria-en.aspx Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Nigeria] |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chile}} |5 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961 * Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. * Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Colombia}} |1 January 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979 * Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana. * Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |26 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cuba}} |1 July 1974 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974 * Cuba has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Havana]]. |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |23 July 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2001 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |10 December 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979 * Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guyana}} |27 June 1970 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1970 * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |28 January 1978 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1978. |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |25 September 2013 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2013. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |29 April 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970 * Jamaica has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |14 April 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976 See Mexico–Nigeria relations * Mexico has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]]. |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |12 February 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2001 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |7 July 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1971 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Port of Spain]]. * Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in Abuja. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United States}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See [[Tarihin Dangantakar Najeriya da Amurka|Nigeria–United States relations]] After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|human rights]] abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995. After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good. The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 attacks]]. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]]. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Sub-Saharan Africa]]. As a member of the [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|International Criminal Court]] Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Atlanta]] and [[New York (birni)|New York City]]. * United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |20 February 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965 * Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. * Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |16 March 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Karakas|Caracas]]. * Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Asiya == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Armenia}} |4 February 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993 * Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |11 March 1992 |See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations * Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date * Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |3 January 1976 |See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|OIC]] and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley|Next Eleven]] economies. * Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dhaka]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|China}} |10 February 1971 |See [[Alaƙar China da Najeriya|China–Nigeria relations]] Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971. Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support. In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the [[Majalisar Najeriya|National Assembly of Nigeria]]. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership. China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. * China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|India}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Indiya|India–Nigeria relations]] The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's [[Danyen mai|crude oil]] needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa. * India has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[New Delhi]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5 March 1965 |See Indonesia–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965 * Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Iran}} |5 May 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972 * Iran has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tehran]]. |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |6 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1961 when Iraq opened its Embassy in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Israel}} |1 October 1960 |See Israel–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960. Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better. * Israel has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Japan}} | |See Japan-Nigeria relations * Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]]. |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |30 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1961 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |8 January 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level * Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|North Korea}} |1976 |See Nigeria–North Korea relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]] * North Korea has an embassy in Abuja |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malaysia}} | |See Malaysia–Nigeria relations * Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |1 March 1989 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1989 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |8 January 1981 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1981 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | |See Nigeria–Pakistan relations [[File:Defense_attachés_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base,_Abuja,_Nigeria.jpg|right|thumb|Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, [[Abuja]], Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during ''Africa Endeavour 2008''.]] The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie" * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Islamabad]]. * Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Philippines}} |1 August 1962 |See Nigeria–Philippines relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Manila]]. * Philippines has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Qatar}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Doha]]. * Qatar has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate-general in [[Jeddah]]. * Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Korea}} |22 January 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980 Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Seoul]]. * South Korea has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |30 September 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1965 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Turkey}} |16 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Charge d'Affaires. * [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]]. * Turkey has an embassy in [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" /> * Trade volume between the two countries was US$726 million in 2019.<ref name="auto148" /> * There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abuja]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] and [[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" /> |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |20 January 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]. * United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |25 May 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. * Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |12 May 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1979 |} == Turai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |22 May 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1973. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Austria}} |21 December 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its Embassy in Lagos. * Austria has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belgium}} |4 February 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961 * Belgium has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} | | * Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Prag|Prague]]. |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |15 February 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1962 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Nigeria Mr. Karl Borge Raavad |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |18 January 1963 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1963 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|France}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960(Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965) * France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Faris|Paris]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Germany}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See Germany-Nigeria relations * Germany has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in Frankfurt. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Greece}} | |See Greece-Nigeria relations Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling. There is a small Greek business community in Lagos. * Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Athens]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ireland}} | | * Ireland has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dublin]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Italy}} | | * Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rum|Rome]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Hungary}} | | * Hungary has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Budapest]]. |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |29 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Netherlands}} | | * Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague. |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Poland}} |30 May 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962 See Nigeria–Poland relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]]. * Poland has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Portugal}} |10 July 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lisbon]]. * Portugal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Russia}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Rasha|Nigeria–Russia relations]] * Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow. * Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Madrid]]. * Spain has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sweden}} |3 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Stockholm]]. * Sweden has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |10 December 1992 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1992 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |1 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Landan|London]]. * United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt. |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Ƙasa ! style="width:12%;" | An Fara Dangantaka ta Gaskiya ! Bayanan kula |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Australia}}</img>{{Flag|Australia}} | | * Ostiraliya tana da babban kwamiti a Abuja. * Najeriya tana da babban kwamiti a [[Kanberra|Canberra]] . * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |- valign="top" |{{Flag|New Zealand}}</img>{{Flag|New Zealand}} | Afrilu 16, 1982 | Kasashen biyu sun kulla huldar diflomasiyya a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1982 lokacin da Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya na farko a Canberra, Mista Edward Sanu ya mika takardar shaidarsa ga Janar Janar na New Zealand * Kasar New Zealand ta samu karbuwa ga Najeriya daga ofishin jakadancinta da ke Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. * Najeriya ta samu karbuwa ga kasar New Zealand daga babban hukumar da ke Canberra, Australia. * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |} == Rikicin kasa da kasa == An kammala keɓe iyakokin kasa da kasa a kusa da [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]], wanda rashin abin da ya haifar da al'amuran kan iyaka a baya, ana jiran amincewa da [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da Najeriya; Rikicin da ake yi da Kamaru kan iyakokin kasa da na ruwa da ke kewayen [[Bakassi|yankin Bakasi]] a halin yanzu yana gaban kotun kasa da kasa ; Rikicin kan iyakar teku da [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] saboda takaddamar hukunce-hukuncen yankunan da ke da arzikin mai a [[Tekun Guinea|mashigin tekun Guinea]] . == Najeriya da ƙungiyar Commonwealth == Tarayyar Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1960 tare da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu]] a matsayin Sarauniyar Najeriya . Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a cikin kasashen Commonwealth a shekarar 1963, lokacin da Gwamna-Janar na Najeriya [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban Najeriya]] na farko . An dakatar da Najeriya daga kungiyar Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka maido da cikakken mambanta. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fn47a9blynt5uhycyna754zn0p6npig 823645 823644 2026-04-21T15:12:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 823645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|300x300px| Kasashen da Najeriya ke da huldar diflomasiya da su.]] Tun lokacin da 'yancin kai, tare da [[Jaja Wachuku]] a matsayin Ministan [[Ministan Harkokin Waje (Najeriya)|Harkokin Waje]] na farko da Harkokin Commonwealth, daga baya aka kira Harkokin Harkokin Waje, Harkokin Harkokin Waje [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Nijeriya]] ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga nahiyar [[Afirka]] a matsayin ikon yanki da kuma jingina ga wasu muhimman ka'idoji: haɗin kai da 'yancin kai na Afirka; yana yin amfani da tasirin hegemonic a cikin yankin: sasanta rikice-rikice cikin lumana; rashin daidaito da tsoma baki cikin al'amuran cikin gida na sauran al'ummomi; da hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankin. A wajen aiwatar da wadannan ka'idoji, Najeriya na shiga cikin [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]], [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] (ECOWAS), Kungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Rigakafi, Kungiyar Kasashen Commonwealth, da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . == Najeriya da 'yantar da Afirka == Bayan samun 'yencin kai a shekarar 1960, [[Najeriya]] ta yi gaggawar sadaukar da kanta wajen inganta rayuwar al'ummar kasar da kuma amfani da albarkatun da suka rage masu muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma makwabtanta. Ta hanyar lura da irin fa'ida da dacewa ga kasar, [[Najeriya]] ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afrika (OAU), wadda daga baya ta zama Tarayyar Afirka. Kungiyar hadin kan Afrika na duba zaman lafiyar kowace kasashen Afirka da kuma karfafa musu gwiwa da su gudanar da tarukan yanki na kungiyar. Najeriya ta goyi bayan jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar daukar tsauraran matakai dangane da gwamnatin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ayyukan sojan da suke yi a kudancin Afirka. Najeriya da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU, yanzu [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] ), suna da tasiri sosai a kasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma]] da Afirka baki daya. Najeriya ta kuma kafa kokarin hadin gwiwa a yankin yammacin Afirka, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da misali ga [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] da [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]], kungiyoyin tattalin arziki da na soja, bi da bi. Hakazalika, lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke a [[Angola|kasar Angola]] bayan kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Portugal a shekarar 1975, Najeriya ta zaburar da tasirinta na diflomasiyya a nahiyar Afirka domin nuna goyon baya ga Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Wannan tallafin ya taimaka wajen daidaita daidaiton su, wanda ya sa OAU ta amince da MPLA a kan Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don Gabatar da 'Yancin [[Angola]]. Najeriya ta ba da goyon bayan diflomasiyya ga wata kungiyar Sam Nujoma ta Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma a Namibiya, don dakatar da mulkin wariyar launin fata da Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa a can. A shekarar 1977, sabon mulkin soja na Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 20 ga yunkurin Zimbabwe na yaki da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Rhodesia . Najeriya ta kuma aike da kayan aikin soji zuwa kasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] domin taimakawa sabuwar kasar da ta samu 'yancin kai wajen murkushe 'yan tawayen kasar Mozambique da ke samun goyon bayan Afirka ta Kudu. Najeriya ta kuma ba da horon soji a sashin soja na farko na kanikanci a Kaduna da sauran tallafi na kayan aiki ga Joshua Nkomo da dakarun sa-kai na Robert Mugabe a lokacin yakin Zimbabwe a 1979 kan mulkin farar fata marasa rinjaye na Firayim Minista Ian Douglas Smith a 1979, wanda ya samu goyon bayan wariyar launin fata - gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Sakamakon rashin tafiyar da tattalin arzikinta da fasahar kere-kere, Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za ta kaddamar da shirin nukiliyar na "mara iyaka" na kanta amma abin ya ci tura. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta nuna matukar muhimmancinta wajen inganta tattalin arzikin al’umma, ta kuma fara mayar da wasu kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da ke kasuwanci tare da karya takunkumin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ayyukan gida na bankin Barclays. An mayar da kasar ne bayan bankin ya yi watsi da zanga-zangar da al'ummar Najeriya suka yi. Haka kuma Najeriya ta mayar da kamfanin man fetur na kasar Britaniya (BP) kasa domin isar da mai ga kasar Afrika ta kudu. A shekarar 1982, gwamnatin Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] ta bukaci [[John Paul na Biyu|Fafaroma John Paul na biyu]] da ya kawo ziyarar aiki ga shugabannin kungiyoyin asiri na kudancin Afirka Oliver Tambo na ANC da Sam Nujoma na SWAPO. A watan Disambar 1983, sabon mulkin Manjo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sanar da cewa Najeriya ba za ta iya sake samun mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ba. duk da haka, Najeriya ce kasa ta farko a bakar fata a doron kasa saboda yawan al'ummarta, Najeriya na da matukar fa'ida kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za ta zama mai karfin fada a ji a fagen duniya. == Najeriya da yammacin Afrika == A ci gaba da cimma burin hadin gwiwa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, Najeriya ta taimaka wajen samar da kungiyar ECOWAS, mai neman daidaita harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari ga kasashe mambobinta 16 na Afirka ta Yamma, a karshe ta cimma cikakkiyar kungiyar kwastam, da kuma kafa kudi guda. [[Najeriya]] ta kuma yi gaba wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin kasashe masu tasowa kan bukatar gyara tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa. Najeriya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] na kawo karshen yakin basasa a Laberiya kuma ta ba da gudummawar mafi yawan dakarun [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19362200903361945 wanzar da zaman lafiya da kungiyar ta ECOWAS] ta tura can a shekarar 1990. Har ila yau Najeriya ta ba da mafi yawan sojojin ga dakarun [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Saliyo]] . Najeriya gaba daya tana da kyakkyawar alaka da makwabtanta. [[Najeriya]] ta taka rawar gani sosai a yammacin Afirka, tare da babban karfin soja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces?wprov=sfla1], Najeriya ta dawwama a burinta na inganta zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a yankin da ya fi wadata a Afirka sama da shekaru talatin. == Najeriya da Ƙungiyoyin Duniya == Najeriya memba ce a Ƙungiyoyi kamar haka: * Rukunin Kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific * Bankin Raya Afirka * [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] * Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci gaba mai Dorewa a Kudancin * Commonwealth of Nations * [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] * Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma * Rukuni na 15 * [[Group of 19|G-19]] * Rukuni na 24 * Rukuni na 77 * Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya * Bankin Duniya na Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba * Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya * [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya * Kudin hannun jari International Finance Corporation * [[Asusun Tallafawa Noma na Duniya]] * International Hydrographic Organization * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya * Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya * Ƙungiyar Tauraron Dan Adam ta Duniya * Kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa * [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa]] * Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya * Interpol * Motsin da ba a daidaita shi ba * Kungiyar Hana Makamai Masu Guba * [[OPEC|Kungiyar kasashe masu arzikin man fetur]] * [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|Kungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci]] * Kotun Kotu ta Dindindin * [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba * [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * [[UNESCO|Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Kungiyar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Tawagar sa ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Iraki-Kuwait * Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kosovo * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Yammacin Sahara * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bosnia da Herzegovina * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Prevlaka * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Tajikistan * Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Universal Postal Union * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Hukumar Kwastam ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Duniya * Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya * Kungiyar yawon bude ido ta duniya * [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya]] Gwamnatin Babangida ta shiga kungiyar kasashen musulmi ta OIC, yanzu [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|kungiyar hadin kan kasashen musulmi]], duk da cewa shugaba Obasanjo ya nuna cewa watakila ya sake duba kasancewar Najeriya mamba, ana kuma yin tsokaci ga Najeriya don kara kulla alaka tsakanin kasashen biyu. == Afirka == {{Gyara Fassara}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Algeria}} |2 September 1968 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968 * Algeria has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Aljir|Algiers]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Angola}} | |See [[Dangantakar Angola da Najeriya|Angola–Nigeria relations]] Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the [[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]], the African Union and other multilateral organizations. The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples. * Angola has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Luanda]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Benin}} |12 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou. * Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Cotonou]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |19 February 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials. * Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ouagadougou]]. |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |6 November 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cameroon}} | |See Cameroon-Nigeria relations A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich [[Bakassi|Bakassi Peninsula]] was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the [[Yarjejeniyar "Greentree Agreement"|Greentree Agreement]] which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013. Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998. * Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]], a consulate-general in [[Douala]] and a consulate in Buea. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chad}} | |See Chad–Nigeria relations Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties. * Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970. * Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bangui]]. |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |5 November 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1982. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | | * DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |26 July 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961. * Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abidjan]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Egypt}} | | * Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |25 January 1969 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969 * Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Malabo]] and a consulate in Bata. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} | |{{Main|Ethiopia–Nigeria relations}} * Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gabon}} |18 January 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973 * Gabon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Libreville]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gambia}} | | * Gambia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Banjul]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ghana}} |1 October 1960 |See [[Dangantaka Ghana da Najeriya|Ghana–Nigeria relations]] Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960 Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed [[Hilla Limann|Limann]] in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries. In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.<ref name="cs" /> Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.<ref name="cs" /> Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations. * Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Accra]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guinea}} | | * Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Conakry]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Kenya}} | |See Kenya–Nigeria relations * Kenya has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Nairobi]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Liberia}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date. * Liberia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Monrovia]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Libya}} | | Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010. The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]], that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. Gaddaffi had made the suggestion in light of [[Rikicin Jos, 2010|recent violence]] between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.<ref name="BBCnews" /> In addition Gaddaffi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.<ref name="BBCnews" /> The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews" /> The [[Majalisar Najeriya|Nigerian National Assembly]] has requested that the government ask the [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Nations]] to prohibit Gaddaffi from calling for the division of Nigeria.<ref name="Xinhua" /> The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an [[Tarayyar Afrika|African Union]] investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators". * Libya has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tripoli]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |24 June 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971 * Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malawi}} |29 November 1969 |See Malawi–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969. * Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Lilongwe]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mali}} |1 August 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Mali has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bamako]]. |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |16 June 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1976 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Morocco}} | | * Morocco has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rabat]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |25 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975. * Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Maputo]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 March 1990 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990. * Namibia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Windhoek]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Niger}} |8 June 1961 |See Niger–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large [[Hausawa|Hausa]] minority on each side of their 1500&nbsp;km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state. The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger. * Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Niamey]]. |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |10 June 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972 when appointed first Ambassador of Nigeria to Rwanda (resident in Kampala) Mr. Mbom Etuk. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |30 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Sao Tomé|São Tomé]]. * São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Senegal}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dakar]]. * Senegal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27 April 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Freetown]]. * Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Africa}} |21 February 1994 |See Nigeria–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994 * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Pretoria]] and a consulate-general in [[Johannesburg]]. * South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sudan}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an Embassy in Khartoum. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Khartoum]]. * Sudan has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Tanzania}} | | * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]]. * Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Togo}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lomé]]. * Togo has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |15 January 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Harare]]. * Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Amurka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Argentina}} |15 August 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961 * Argentina has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Barbados}} |24 April 1970 |See Barbados–Nigeria relations * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970 * Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. * Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria. In 2006 the Governor [[Gbenga Daniel|Otunba Gbenga Daniel]] of the Nigerian state of [[Ogun]] announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria. Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belize}} |19 April 1982 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1982. * Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Brazil}} |16 August 1961 |See Brazil–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961 Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade. * Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Brasilia|Brasília]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Canada}} |1 October 1960 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 * Canada has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission on Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Ottawa]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192045/http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/geo/nigeria-en.aspx Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Nigeria] |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chile}} |5 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961 * Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. * Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Colombia}} |1 January 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979 * Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana. * Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |26 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cuba}} |1 July 1974 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974 * Cuba has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Havana]]. |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |23 July 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2001 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |10 December 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979 * Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guyana}} |27 June 1970 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1970 * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |28 January 1978 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1978. |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |25 September 2013 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2013. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |29 April 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970 * Jamaica has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |14 April 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976 See Mexico–Nigeria relations * Mexico has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]]. |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |12 February 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2001 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |7 July 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1971 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Port of Spain]]. * Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in Abuja. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United States}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See [[Tarihin Dangantakar Najeriya da Amurka|Nigeria–United States relations]] After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|human rights]] abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995. After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good. The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 attacks]]. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]]. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Sub-Saharan Africa]]. As a member of the [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|International Criminal Court]] Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Atlanta]] and [[New York (birni)|New York City]]. * United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |20 February 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965 * Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. * Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |16 March 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Karakas|Caracas]]. * Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Asiya == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Armenia}} |4 February 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993 * Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |11 March 1992 |See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations * Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date * Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |3 January 1976 |See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|OIC]] and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley|Next Eleven]] economies. * Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dhaka]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|China}} |10 February 1971 |See [[Alaƙar China da Najeriya|China–Nigeria relations]] Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971. Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support. In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the [[Majalisar Najeriya|National Assembly of Nigeria]]. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership. China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. * China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|India}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Indiya|India–Nigeria relations]] The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's [[Danyen mai|crude oil]] needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa. * India has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[New Delhi]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5 March 1965 |See Indonesia–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965 * Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Iran}} |5 May 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972 * Iran has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tehran]]. |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |6 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1961 when Iraq opened its Embassy in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Israel}} |1 October 1960 |See Israel–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960. Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better. * Israel has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Japan}} | |See Japan-Nigeria relations * Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]]. |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |30 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1961 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |8 January 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level * Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|North Korea}} |1976 |See Nigeria–North Korea relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]] * North Korea has an embassy in Abuja |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malaysia}} | |See Malaysia–Nigeria relations * Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |1 March 1989 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1989 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |8 January 1981 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1981 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | |See Nigeria–Pakistan relations [[File:Defense_attachés_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base,_Abuja,_Nigeria.jpg|right|thumb|Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, [[Abuja]], Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during ''Africa Endeavour 2008''.]] The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie" * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Islamabad]]. * Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Philippines}} |1 August 1962 |See Nigeria–Philippines relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Manila]]. * Philippines has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Qatar}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Doha]]. * Qatar has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate-general in [[Jeddah]]. * Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Korea}} |22 January 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980 Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Seoul]]. * South Korea has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |30 September 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1965 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Turkey}} |16 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Charge d'Affaires. * [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]]. * Turkey has an embassy in [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" /> * Trade volume between the two countries was US$726 million in 2019.<ref name="auto148" /> * There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abuja]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] and [[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" /> |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |20 January 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]. * United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |25 May 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. * Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |12 May 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1979 |} == Turai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |22 May 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1973. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Austria}} |21 December 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its Embassy in Lagos. * Austria has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belgium}} |4 February 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961 * Belgium has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} | | * Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Prag|Prague]]. |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |15 February 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1962 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Nigeria Mr. Karl Borge Raavad |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |18 January 1963 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1963 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|France}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960(Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965) * France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Faris|Paris]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Germany}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See Germany-Nigeria relations * Germany has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in Frankfurt. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Greece}} | |See Greece-Nigeria relations Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling. There is a small Greek business community in Lagos. * Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Athens]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ireland}} | | * Ireland has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dublin]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Italy}} | | * Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rum|Rome]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Hungary}} | | * Hungary has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Budapest]]. |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |29 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Netherlands}} | | * Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague. |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Poland}} |30 May 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962 See Nigeria–Poland relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]]. * Poland has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Portugal}} |10 July 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lisbon]]. * Portugal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Russia}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Rasha|Nigeria–Russia relations]] * Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow. * Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Madrid]]. * Spain has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sweden}} |3 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Stockholm]]. * Sweden has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |10 December 1992 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1992 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |1 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Landan|London]]. * United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt. |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Ƙasa ! style="width:12%;" | An Fara Dangantaka ta Gaskiya ! Bayanan kula |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Australia}}</img>{{Flag|Australia}} | | * Ostiraliya tana da babban kwamiti a Abuja. * Najeriya tana da babban kwamiti a [[Kanberra|Canberra]] . * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |- valign="top" |{{Flag|New Zealand}}</img>{{Flag|New Zealand}} | Afrilu 16, 1982 | Kasashen biyu sun kulla huldar diflomasiyya a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1982 lokacin da Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya na farko a Canberra, Mista Edward Sanu ya mika takardar shaidarsa ga Janar Janar na New Zealand * Kasar New Zealand ta samu karbuwa ga Najeriya daga ofishin jakadancinta da ke Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. * Najeriya ta samu karbuwa ga kasar New Zealand daga babban hukumar da ke Canberra, Australia. * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |} == Rikicin kasa da kasa == An kammala keɓe iyakokin kasa da kasa a kusa da [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]], wanda rashin abin da ya haifar da al'amuran kan iyaka a baya, ana jiran amincewa da [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da Najeriya; Rikicin da ake yi da Kamaru kan iyakokin kasa da na ruwa da ke kewayen [[Bakassi|yankin Bakasi]] a halin yanzu yana gaban kotun kasa da kasa ; Rikicin kan iyakar teku da [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] saboda takaddamar hukunce-hukuncen yankunan da ke da arzikin mai a [[Tekun Guinea|mashigin tekun Guinea]] . == Najeriya da ƙungiyar Commonwealth == Tarayyar Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1960 tare da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu]] a matsayin Sarauniyar Najeriya . Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a cikin kasashen Commonwealth a shekarar 1963, lokacin da Gwamna-Janar na Najeriya [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban Najeriya]] na farko . An dakatar da Najeriya daga kungiyar Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka maido da cikakken mambanta. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tjpsquyh1yr2bdx8fupqvc57z8rqlkf 823646 823645 2026-04-21T15:13:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 823646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|300x300px| Kasashen da Najeriya ke da huldar diflomasiya da su.]] Tun lokacin da 'yancin kai, tare da [[Jaja Wachuku]] a matsayin Ministan [[Ministan Harkokin Waje (Najeriya)|Harkokin Waje]] na farko da Harkokin Commonwealth, daga baya aka kira Harkokin Harkokin Waje, Harkokin Harkokin Waje [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Nijeriya]] ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga nahiyar [[Afirka]] a matsayin ikon yanki da kuma jingina ga wasu muhimman ka'idoji: haɗin kai da 'yancin kai na Afirka; yana yin amfani da tasirin hegemonic a cikin yankin: sasanta rikice-rikice cikin lumana; rashin daidaito da tsoma baki cikin al'amuran cikin gida na sauran al'ummomi; da hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankin. A wajen aiwatar da wadannan ka'idoji, Najeriya na shiga cikin [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]], [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] (ECOWAS), Kungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Rigakafi, Kungiyar Kasashen Commonwealth, da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . == Najeriya da 'yantar da Afirka == Bayan samun 'yencin kai a shekarar 1960, [[Najeriya]] ta yi gaggawar sadaukar da kanta wajen inganta rayuwar al'ummar kasar da kuma amfani da albarkatun da suka rage masu muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma makwabtanta. Ta hanyar lura da irin fa'ida da dacewa ga kasar, [[Najeriya]] ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afrika (OAU), wadda daga baya ta zama Tarayyar Afirka. Kungiyar hadin kan Afrika na duba zaman lafiyar kowace kasashen Afirka da kuma karfafa musu gwiwa da su gudanar da tarukan yanki na kungiyar. Najeriya ta goyi bayan jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar daukar tsauraran matakai dangane da gwamnatin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ayyukan sojan da suke yi a kudancin Afirka. Najeriya da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU, yanzu [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] ), suna da tasiri sosai a kasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma]] da Afirka baki daya. Najeriya ta kuma kafa kokarin hadin gwiwa a yankin yammacin Afirka, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da misali ga [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] da [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]], kungiyoyin tattalin arziki da na soja, bi da bi. Hakazalika, lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke a [[Angola|kasar Angola]] bayan kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Portugal a shekarar 1975, Najeriya ta zaburar da tasirinta na diflomasiyya a nahiyar Afirka domin nuna goyon baya ga Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Wannan tallafin ya taimaka wajen daidaita daidaiton su, wanda ya sa OAU ta amince da MPLA a kan Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don Gabatar da 'Yancin [[Angola]]. Najeriya ta ba da goyon bayan diflomasiyya ga wata kungiyar Sam Nujoma ta Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma a Namibiya, don dakatar da mulkin wariyar launin fata da Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa a can. A shekarar 1977, sabon mulkin soja na Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 20 ga yunkurin Zimbabwe na yaki da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Rhodesia . Najeriya ta kuma aike da kayan aikin soji zuwa kasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] domin taimakawa sabuwar kasar da ta samu 'yancin kai wajen murkushe 'yan tawayen kasar Mozambique da ke samun goyon bayan Afirka ta Kudu. Najeriya ta kuma ba da horon soji a sashin soja na farko na kanikanci a Kaduna da sauran tallafi na kayan aiki ga Joshua Nkomo da dakarun sa-kai na Robert Mugabe a lokacin yakin Zimbabwe a 1979 kan mulkin farar fata marasa rinjaye na Firayim Minista Ian Douglas Smith a 1979, wanda ya samu goyon bayan wariyar launin fata - gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Sakamakon rashin tafiyar da tattalin arzikinta da fasahar kere-kere, Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za ta kaddamar da shirin nukiliyar na "mara iyaka" na kanta amma abin ya ci tura. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta nuna matukar muhimmancinta wajen inganta tattalin arzikin al’umma, ta kuma fara mayar da wasu kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da ke kasuwanci tare da karya takunkumin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ayyukan gida na bankin Barclays. An mayar da kasar ne bayan bankin ya yi watsi da zanga-zangar da al'ummar Najeriya suka yi. Haka kuma Najeriya ta mayar da kamfanin man fetur na kasar Britaniya (BP) kasa domin isar da mai ga kasar Afrika ta kudu. A shekarar 1982, gwamnatin Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] ta bukaci [[John Paul na Biyu|Fafaroma John Paul na biyu]] da ya kawo ziyarar aiki ga shugabannin kungiyoyin asiri na kudancin Afirka Oliver Tambo na ANC da Sam Nujoma na SWAPO. A watan Disambar 1983, sabon mulkin Manjo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sanar da cewa Najeriya ba za ta iya sake samun mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ba. duk da haka, Najeriya ce kasa ta farko a bakar fata a doron kasa saboda yawan al'ummarta, Najeriya na da matukar fa'ida kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za ta zama mai karfin fada a ji a fagen duniya. == Najeriya da yammacin Afrika == A ci gaba da cimma burin hadin gwiwa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, [[Najeriya]] ta taimaka wajen samar da kungiyar ECOWAS, mai neman daidaita harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari ga kasashe mambobinta 16 na Afirka ta Yamma, a karshe ta cimma cikakkiyar kungiyar kwastam, da kuma kafa kudi guda. [[Najeriya]] ta kuma yi gaba wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin kasashe masu tasowa kan bukatar gyara tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa. Najeriya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] na kawo karshen yakin basasa a Laberiya kuma ta ba da gudummawar mafi yawan dakarun [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19362200903361945 wanzar da zaman lafiya da kungiyar ta ECOWAS] ta tura can a shekarar 1990. Har ila yau Najeriya ta ba da mafi yawan sojojin ga dakarun [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Saliyo]] . Najeriya gaba daya tana da kyakkyawar alaka da makwabtanta. [[Najeriya]] ta taka rawar gani sosai a yammacin Afirka, tare da babban karfin soja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces?wprov=sfla1], Najeriya ta dawwama a burinta na inganta zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a yankin da ya fi wadata a Afirka sama da shekaru talatin. == Najeriya da Ƙungiyoyin Duniya == Najeriya memba ce a Ƙungiyoyi kamar haka: * Rukunin Kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific * Bankin Raya Afirka * [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] * Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci gaba mai Dorewa a Kudancin * Commonwealth of Nations * [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] * Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma * Rukuni na 15 * [[Group of 19|G-19]] * Rukuni na 24 * Rukuni na 77 * Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya * Bankin Duniya na Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba * Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya * [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya * Kudin hannun jari International Finance Corporation * [[Asusun Tallafawa Noma na Duniya]] * International Hydrographic Organization * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya * Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya * Ƙungiyar Tauraron Dan Adam ta Duniya * Kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa * [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa]] * Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya * Interpol * Motsin da ba a daidaita shi ba * Kungiyar Hana Makamai Masu Guba * [[OPEC|Kungiyar kasashe masu arzikin man fetur]] * [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|Kungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci]] * Kotun Kotu ta Dindindin * [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba * [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * [[UNESCO|Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Kungiyar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Tawagar sa ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Iraki-Kuwait * Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kosovo * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Yammacin Sahara * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bosnia da Herzegovina * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Prevlaka * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Tajikistan * Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Universal Postal Union * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Hukumar Kwastam ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Duniya * Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya * Kungiyar yawon bude ido ta duniya * [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya]] Gwamnatin Babangida ta shiga kungiyar kasashen musulmi ta OIC, yanzu [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|kungiyar hadin kan kasashen musulmi]], duk da cewa shugaba Obasanjo ya nuna cewa watakila ya sake duba kasancewar Najeriya mamba, ana kuma yin tsokaci ga Najeriya don kara kulla alaka tsakanin kasashen biyu. == Afirka == {{Gyara Fassara}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Algeria}} |2 September 1968 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968 * Algeria has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Aljir|Algiers]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Angola}} | |See [[Dangantakar Angola da Najeriya|Angola–Nigeria relations]] Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the [[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]], the African Union and other multilateral organizations. The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples. * Angola has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Luanda]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Benin}} |12 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou. * Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Cotonou]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |19 February 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials. * Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ouagadougou]]. |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |6 November 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cameroon}} | |See Cameroon-Nigeria relations A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich [[Bakassi|Bakassi Peninsula]] was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the [[Yarjejeniyar "Greentree Agreement"|Greentree Agreement]] which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013. Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998. * Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]], a consulate-general in [[Douala]] and a consulate in Buea. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chad}} | |See Chad–Nigeria relations Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties. * Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970. * Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bangui]]. |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |5 November 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1982. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | | * DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |26 July 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961. * Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abidjan]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Egypt}} | | * Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |25 January 1969 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969 * Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Malabo]] and a consulate in Bata. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} | |{{Main|Ethiopia–Nigeria relations}} * Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gabon}} |18 January 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973 * Gabon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Libreville]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gambia}} | | * Gambia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Banjul]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ghana}} |1 October 1960 |See [[Dangantaka Ghana da Najeriya|Ghana–Nigeria relations]] Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960 Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed [[Hilla Limann|Limann]] in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries. In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.<ref name="cs" /> Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.<ref name="cs" /> Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations. * Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Accra]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guinea}} | | * Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Conakry]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Kenya}} | |See Kenya–Nigeria relations * Kenya has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Nairobi]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Liberia}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date. * Liberia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Monrovia]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Libya}} | | Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010. The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]], that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. Gaddaffi had made the suggestion in light of [[Rikicin Jos, 2010|recent violence]] between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.<ref name="BBCnews" /> In addition Gaddaffi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.<ref name="BBCnews" /> The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews" /> The [[Majalisar Najeriya|Nigerian National Assembly]] has requested that the government ask the [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Nations]] to prohibit Gaddaffi from calling for the division of Nigeria.<ref name="Xinhua" /> The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an [[Tarayyar Afrika|African Union]] investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators". * Libya has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tripoli]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |24 June 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971 * Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malawi}} |29 November 1969 |See Malawi–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969. * Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Lilongwe]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mali}} |1 August 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Mali has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bamako]]. |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |16 June 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1976 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Morocco}} | | * Morocco has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rabat]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |25 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975. * Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Maputo]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 March 1990 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990. * Namibia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Windhoek]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Niger}} |8 June 1961 |See Niger–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large [[Hausawa|Hausa]] minority on each side of their 1500&nbsp;km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state. The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger. * Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Niamey]]. |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |10 June 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972 when appointed first Ambassador of Nigeria to Rwanda (resident in Kampala) Mr. Mbom Etuk. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |30 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Sao Tomé|São Tomé]]. * São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Senegal}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dakar]]. * Senegal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27 April 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Freetown]]. * Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Africa}} |21 February 1994 |See Nigeria–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994 * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Pretoria]] and a consulate-general in [[Johannesburg]]. * South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sudan}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an Embassy in Khartoum. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Khartoum]]. * Sudan has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Tanzania}} | | * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]]. * Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Togo}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lomé]]. * Togo has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |15 January 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Harare]]. * Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Amurka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Argentina}} |15 August 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961 * Argentina has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Barbados}} |24 April 1970 |See Barbados–Nigeria relations * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970 * Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. * Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria. In 2006 the Governor [[Gbenga Daniel|Otunba Gbenga Daniel]] of the Nigerian state of [[Ogun]] announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria. Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belize}} |19 April 1982 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1982. * Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Brazil}} |16 August 1961 |See Brazil–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961 Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade. * Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Brasilia|Brasília]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Canada}} |1 October 1960 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 * Canada has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission on Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Ottawa]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192045/http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/geo/nigeria-en.aspx Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Nigeria] |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chile}} |5 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961 * Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. * Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Colombia}} |1 January 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979 * Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana. * Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |26 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cuba}} |1 July 1974 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974 * Cuba has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Havana]]. |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |23 July 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2001 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |10 December 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979 * Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guyana}} |27 June 1970 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1970 * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |28 January 1978 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1978. |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |25 September 2013 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2013. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |29 April 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970 * Jamaica has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |14 April 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976 See Mexico–Nigeria relations * Mexico has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]]. |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |12 February 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2001 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |7 July 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1971 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Port of Spain]]. * Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in Abuja. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United States}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See [[Tarihin Dangantakar Najeriya da Amurka|Nigeria–United States relations]] After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|human rights]] abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995. After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good. The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 attacks]]. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]]. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Sub-Saharan Africa]]. As a member of the [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|International Criminal Court]] Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Atlanta]] and [[New York (birni)|New York City]]. * United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |20 February 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965 * Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. * Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |16 March 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Karakas|Caracas]]. * Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Asiya == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Armenia}} |4 February 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993 * Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |11 March 1992 |See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations * Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date * Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |3 January 1976 |See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|OIC]] and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley|Next Eleven]] economies. * Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dhaka]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|China}} |10 February 1971 |See [[Alaƙar China da Najeriya|China–Nigeria relations]] Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971. Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support. In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the [[Majalisar Najeriya|National Assembly of Nigeria]]. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership. China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. * China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|India}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Indiya|India–Nigeria relations]] The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's [[Danyen mai|crude oil]] needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa. * India has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[New Delhi]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5 March 1965 |See Indonesia–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965 * Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Iran}} |5 May 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972 * Iran has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tehran]]. |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |6 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1961 when Iraq opened its Embassy in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Israel}} |1 October 1960 |See Israel–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960. Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better. * Israel has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Japan}} | |See Japan-Nigeria relations * Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]]. |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |30 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1961 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |8 January 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level * Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|North Korea}} |1976 |See Nigeria–North Korea relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]] * North Korea has an embassy in Abuja |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malaysia}} | |See Malaysia–Nigeria relations * Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |1 March 1989 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1989 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |8 January 1981 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1981 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | |See Nigeria–Pakistan relations [[File:Defense_attachés_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base,_Abuja,_Nigeria.jpg|right|thumb|Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, [[Abuja]], Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during ''Africa Endeavour 2008''.]] The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie" * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Islamabad]]. * Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Philippines}} |1 August 1962 |See Nigeria–Philippines relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Manila]]. * Philippines has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Qatar}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Doha]]. * Qatar has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate-general in [[Jeddah]]. * Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Korea}} |22 January 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980 Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Seoul]]. * South Korea has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |30 September 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1965 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Turkey}} |16 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Charge d'Affaires. * [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]]. * Turkey has an embassy in [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" /> * Trade volume between the two countries was US$726 million in 2019.<ref name="auto148" /> * There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abuja]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] and [[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" /> |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |20 January 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]. * United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |25 May 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. * Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |12 May 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1979 |} == Turai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |22 May 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1973. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Austria}} |21 December 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its Embassy in Lagos. * Austria has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belgium}} |4 February 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961 * Belgium has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} | | * Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Prag|Prague]]. |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |15 February 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1962 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Nigeria Mr. Karl Borge Raavad |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |18 January 1963 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1963 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|France}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960(Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965) * France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Faris|Paris]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Germany}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See Germany-Nigeria relations * Germany has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in Frankfurt. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Greece}} | |See Greece-Nigeria relations Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling. There is a small Greek business community in Lagos. * Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Athens]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ireland}} | | * Ireland has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dublin]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Italy}} | | * Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rum|Rome]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Hungary}} | | * Hungary has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Budapest]]. |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |29 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Netherlands}} | | * Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague. |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Poland}} |30 May 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962 See Nigeria–Poland relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]]. * Poland has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Portugal}} |10 July 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lisbon]]. * Portugal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Russia}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Rasha|Nigeria–Russia relations]] * Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow. * Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Madrid]]. * Spain has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sweden}} |3 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Stockholm]]. * Sweden has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |10 December 1992 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1992 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |1 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Landan|London]]. * United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt. |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Ƙasa ! style="width:12%;" | An Fara Dangantaka ta Gaskiya ! Bayanan kula |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Australia}}</img>{{Flag|Australia}} | | * Ostiraliya tana da babban kwamiti a Abuja. * Najeriya tana da babban kwamiti a [[Kanberra|Canberra]] . * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |- valign="top" |{{Flag|New Zealand}}</img>{{Flag|New Zealand}} | Afrilu 16, 1982 | Kasashen biyu sun kulla huldar diflomasiyya a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1982 lokacin da Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya na farko a Canberra, Mista Edward Sanu ya mika takardar shaidarsa ga Janar Janar na New Zealand * Kasar New Zealand ta samu karbuwa ga Najeriya daga ofishin jakadancinta da ke Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. * Najeriya ta samu karbuwa ga kasar New Zealand daga babban hukumar da ke Canberra, Australia. * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |} == Rikicin kasa da kasa == An kammala keɓe iyakokin kasa da kasa a kusa da [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]], wanda rashin abin da ya haifar da al'amuran kan iyaka a baya, ana jiran amincewa da [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da Najeriya; Rikicin da ake yi da Kamaru kan iyakokin kasa da na ruwa da ke kewayen [[Bakassi|yankin Bakasi]] a halin yanzu yana gaban kotun kasa da kasa ; Rikicin kan iyakar teku da [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] saboda takaddamar hukunce-hukuncen yankunan da ke da arzikin mai a [[Tekun Guinea|mashigin tekun Guinea]] . == Najeriya da ƙungiyar Commonwealth == Tarayyar Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1960 tare da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu]] a matsayin Sarauniyar Najeriya . Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a cikin kasashen Commonwealth a shekarar 1963, lokacin da Gwamna-Janar na Najeriya [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban Najeriya]] na farko . An dakatar da Najeriya daga kungiyar Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka maido da cikakken mambanta. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] srmdwneeedgo7tgbtjipjljja9cbjad 823647 823646 2026-04-21T15:13:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 823647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|300x300px| Kasashen da Najeriya ke da huldar diflomasiya da su.]] Tun lokacin da 'yancin kai, tare da [[Jaja Wachuku]] a matsayin Ministan [[Ministan Harkokin Waje (Najeriya)|Harkokin Waje]] na farko da Harkokin Commonwealth, daga baya aka kira Harkokin Harkokin Waje, Harkokin Harkokin Waje [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Nijeriya]] ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga nahiyar [[Afirka]] a matsayin ikon yanki da kuma jingina ga wasu muhimman ka'idoji: haɗin kai da 'yancin kai na Afirka; yana yin amfani da tasirin hegemonic a cikin yankin: sasanta rikice-rikice cikin lumana; rashin daidaito da tsoma baki cikin al'amuran cikin gida na sauran al'ummomi; da hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankin. A wajen aiwatar da wadannan ka'idoji, Najeriya na shiga cikin [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]], [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] (ECOWAS), Kungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Rigakafi, Kungiyar Kasashen Commonwealth, da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . == Najeriya da 'yantar da Afirka == Bayan samun 'yencin kai a shekarar 1960, [[Najeriya]] ta yi gaggawar sadaukar da kanta wajen inganta rayuwar al'ummar kasar da kuma amfani da albarkatun da suka rage masu muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma makwabtanta. Ta hanyar lura da irin fa'ida da dacewa ga kasar, [[Najeriya]] ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afrika (OAU), wadda daga baya ta zama Tarayyar Afirka. Kungiyar hadin kan Afrika na duba zaman lafiyar kowace kasashen Afirka da kuma karfafa musu gwiwa da su gudanar da tarukan yanki na kungiyar. Najeriya ta goyi bayan jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar daukar tsauraran matakai dangane da gwamnatin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ayyukan sojan da suke yi a kudancin Afirka. Najeriya da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU, yanzu [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] ), suna da tasiri sosai a kasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma]] da Afirka baki daya. Najeriya ta kuma kafa kokarin hadin gwiwa a yankin yammacin Afirka, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da misali ga [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] da [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]], kungiyoyin tattalin arziki da na soja, bi da bi. Hakazalika, lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke a [[Angola|kasar Angola]] bayan kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Portugal a shekarar 1975, Najeriya ta zaburar da tasirinta na diflomasiyya a nahiyar Afirka domin nuna goyon baya ga Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Wannan tallafin ya taimaka wajen daidaita daidaiton su, wanda ya sa OAU ta amince da MPLA a kan Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don Gabatar da 'Yancin [[Angola]]. Najeriya ta ba da goyon bayan diflomasiyya ga wata kungiyar Sam Nujoma ta Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma a Namibiya, don dakatar da mulkin wariyar launin fata da Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa a can. A shekarar 1977, sabon mulkin soja na Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 20 ga yunkurin Zimbabwe na yaki da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Rhodesia . Najeriya ta kuma aike da kayan aikin soji zuwa kasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] domin taimakawa sabuwar kasar da ta samu 'yancin kai wajen murkushe 'yan tawayen kasar Mozambique da ke samun goyon bayan Afirka ta Kudu. Najeriya ta kuma ba da horon soji a sashin soja na farko na kanikanci a Kaduna da sauran tallafi na kayan aiki ga Joshua Nkomo da dakarun sa-kai na Robert Mugabe a lokacin yakin Zimbabwe a 1979 kan mulkin farar fata marasa rinjaye na Firayim Minista Ian Douglas Smith a 1979, wanda ya samu goyon bayan wariyar launin fata - gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Sakamakon rashin tafiyar da tattalin arzikinta da fasahar kere-kere, Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za ta kaddamar da shirin nukiliyar na "mara iyaka" na kanta amma abin ya ci tura. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta nuna matukar muhimmancinta wajen inganta tattalin arzikin al’umma, ta kuma fara mayar da wasu kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da ke kasuwanci tare da karya takunkumin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ayyukan gida na bankin Barclays. An mayar da kasar ne bayan bankin ya yi watsi da zanga-zangar da al'ummar Najeriya suka yi. Haka kuma Najeriya ta mayar da kamfanin man fetur na kasar Britaniya (BP) kasa domin isar da mai ga kasar Afrika ta kudu. A shekarar 1982, gwamnatin Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] ta bukaci [[John Paul na Biyu|Fafaroma John Paul na biyu]] da ya kawo ziyarar aiki ga shugabannin kungiyoyin asiri na kudancin Afirka Oliver Tambo na ANC da Sam Nujoma na SWAPO. A watan Disambar 1983, sabon mulkin Manjo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sanar da cewa Najeriya ba za ta iya sake samun mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ba. duk da haka, Najeriya ce kasa ta farko a bakar fata a doron kasa saboda yawan al'ummarta, Najeriya na da matukar fa'ida kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za ta zama mai karfin fada a ji a fagen duniya. == Najeriya da yammacin Afrika == A ci gaba da cimma burin hadin gwiwa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, [[Najeriya]] ta taimaka wajen samar da kungiyar ECOWAS, mai neman daidaita harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari ga kasashe mambobinta 16 na Afirka ta Yamma, a karshe ta cimma cikakkiyar kungiyar kwastam, da kuma kafa kudi guda. [[Najeriya]] ta kuma yi gaba wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin kasashe masu tasowa kan bukatar gyara tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa. Najeriya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] na kawo karshen yakin basasa a Laberiya kuma ta ba da gudummawar mafi yawan dakarun [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19362200903361945 wanzar da zaman lafiya da kungiyar ta ECOWAS] ta tura can a shekarar 1990. Har ila yau Najeriya ta ba da mafi yawan sojojin ga dakarun [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Saliyo]] . Najeriya gaba daya tana da kyakkyawar alaka da makwabtanta. [[Najeriya]] ta taka rawar gani sosai a yammacin Afirka, tare da babban karfin soja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces?wprov=sfla1], [[Najeriya]] ta dawwama a burinta na inganta zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a yankin da ya fi wadata a Afirka sama da shekaru talatin. == Najeriya da Ƙungiyoyin Duniya == Najeriya memba ce a Ƙungiyoyi kamar haka: * Rukunin Kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific * Bankin Raya Afirka * [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] * Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci gaba mai Dorewa a Kudancin * Commonwealth of Nations * [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] * Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma * Rukuni na 15 * [[Group of 19|G-19]] * Rukuni na 24 * Rukuni na 77 * Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya * Bankin Duniya na Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba * Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya * [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya * Kudin hannun jari International Finance Corporation * [[Asusun Tallafawa Noma na Duniya]] * International Hydrographic Organization * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya * Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya * Ƙungiyar Tauraron Dan Adam ta Duniya * Kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa * [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa]] * Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya * Interpol * Motsin da ba a daidaita shi ba * Kungiyar Hana Makamai Masu Guba * [[OPEC|Kungiyar kasashe masu arzikin man fetur]] * [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|Kungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci]] * Kotun Kotu ta Dindindin * [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba * [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * [[UNESCO|Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Kungiyar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Tawagar sa ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Iraki-Kuwait * Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kosovo * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Yammacin Sahara * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bosnia da Herzegovina * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Prevlaka * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Tajikistan * Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Universal Postal Union * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Hukumar Kwastam ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Duniya * Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya * Kungiyar yawon bude ido ta duniya * [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya]] Gwamnatin Babangida ta shiga kungiyar kasashen musulmi ta OIC, yanzu [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|kungiyar hadin kan kasashen musulmi]], duk da cewa shugaba Obasanjo ya nuna cewa watakila ya sake duba kasancewar Najeriya mamba, ana kuma yin tsokaci ga Najeriya don kara kulla alaka tsakanin kasashen biyu. == Afirka == {{Gyara Fassara}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Algeria}} |2 September 1968 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968 * Algeria has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Aljir|Algiers]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Angola}} | |See [[Dangantakar Angola da Najeriya|Angola–Nigeria relations]] Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the [[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]], the African Union and other multilateral organizations. The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples. * Angola has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Luanda]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Benin}} |12 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou. * Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Cotonou]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |19 February 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials. * Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ouagadougou]]. |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |6 November 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cameroon}} | |See Cameroon-Nigeria relations A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich [[Bakassi|Bakassi Peninsula]] was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the [[Yarjejeniyar "Greentree Agreement"|Greentree Agreement]] which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013. Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998. * Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]], a consulate-general in [[Douala]] and a consulate in Buea. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chad}} | |See Chad–Nigeria relations Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties. * Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970. * Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bangui]]. |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |5 November 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1982. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | | * DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |26 July 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961. * Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abidjan]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Egypt}} | | * Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |25 January 1969 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969 * Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Malabo]] and a consulate in Bata. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} | |{{Main|Ethiopia–Nigeria relations}} * Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gabon}} |18 January 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973 * Gabon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Libreville]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gambia}} | | * Gambia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Banjul]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ghana}} |1 October 1960 |See [[Dangantaka Ghana da Najeriya|Ghana–Nigeria relations]] Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960 Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed [[Hilla Limann|Limann]] in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries. In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.<ref name="cs" /> Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.<ref name="cs" /> Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations. * Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Accra]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guinea}} | | * Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Conakry]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Kenya}} | |See Kenya–Nigeria relations * Kenya has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Nairobi]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Liberia}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date. * Liberia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Monrovia]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Libya}} | | Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010. The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]], that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. Gaddaffi had made the suggestion in light of [[Rikicin Jos, 2010|recent violence]] between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.<ref name="BBCnews" /> In addition Gaddaffi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.<ref name="BBCnews" /> The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews" /> The [[Majalisar Najeriya|Nigerian National Assembly]] has requested that the government ask the [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Nations]] to prohibit Gaddaffi from calling for the division of Nigeria.<ref name="Xinhua" /> The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an [[Tarayyar Afrika|African Union]] investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators". * Libya has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tripoli]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |24 June 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971 * Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malawi}} |29 November 1969 |See Malawi–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969. * Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Lilongwe]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mali}} |1 August 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Mali has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bamako]]. |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |16 June 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1976 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Morocco}} | | * Morocco has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rabat]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |25 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975. * Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Maputo]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 March 1990 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990. * Namibia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Windhoek]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Niger}} |8 June 1961 |See Niger–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large [[Hausawa|Hausa]] minority on each side of their 1500&nbsp;km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state. The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger. * Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Niamey]]. |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |10 June 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972 when appointed first Ambassador of Nigeria to Rwanda (resident in Kampala) Mr. Mbom Etuk. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |30 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Sao Tomé|São Tomé]]. * São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Senegal}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dakar]]. * Senegal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27 April 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Freetown]]. * Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Africa}} |21 February 1994 |See Nigeria–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994 * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Pretoria]] and a consulate-general in [[Johannesburg]]. * South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sudan}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an Embassy in Khartoum. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Khartoum]]. * Sudan has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Tanzania}} | | * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]]. * Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Togo}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lomé]]. * Togo has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |15 January 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Harare]]. * Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Amurka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Argentina}} |15 August 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961 * Argentina has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Barbados}} |24 April 1970 |See Barbados–Nigeria relations * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970 * Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. * Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria. In 2006 the Governor [[Gbenga Daniel|Otunba Gbenga Daniel]] of the Nigerian state of [[Ogun]] announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria. Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belize}} |19 April 1982 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1982. * Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Brazil}} |16 August 1961 |See Brazil–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961 Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade. * Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Brasilia|Brasília]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Canada}} |1 October 1960 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 * Canada has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission on Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Ottawa]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192045/http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/geo/nigeria-en.aspx Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Nigeria] |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chile}} |5 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961 * Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. * Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Colombia}} |1 January 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979 * Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana. * Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |26 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cuba}} |1 July 1974 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974 * Cuba has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Havana]]. |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |23 July 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2001 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |10 December 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979 * Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guyana}} |27 June 1970 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1970 * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |28 January 1978 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1978. |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |25 September 2013 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2013. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |29 April 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970 * Jamaica has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |14 April 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976 See Mexico–Nigeria relations * Mexico has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]]. |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |12 February 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2001 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |7 July 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1971 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Port of Spain]]. * Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in Abuja. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United States}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See [[Tarihin Dangantakar Najeriya da Amurka|Nigeria–United States relations]] After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|human rights]] abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995. After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good. The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 attacks]]. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]]. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Sub-Saharan Africa]]. As a member of the [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|International Criminal Court]] Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Atlanta]] and [[New York (birni)|New York City]]. * United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |20 February 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965 * Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. * Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |16 March 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Karakas|Caracas]]. * Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Asiya == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Armenia}} |4 February 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993 * Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |11 March 1992 |See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations * Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date * Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |3 January 1976 |See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|OIC]] and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley|Next Eleven]] economies. * Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dhaka]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|China}} |10 February 1971 |See [[Alaƙar China da Najeriya|China–Nigeria relations]] Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971. Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support. In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the [[Majalisar Najeriya|National Assembly of Nigeria]]. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership. China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. * China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|India}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Indiya|India–Nigeria relations]] The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's [[Danyen mai|crude oil]] needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa. * India has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[New Delhi]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5 March 1965 |See Indonesia–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965 * Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Iran}} |5 May 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972 * Iran has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tehran]]. |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |6 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1961 when Iraq opened its Embassy in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Israel}} |1 October 1960 |See Israel–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960. Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better. * Israel has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Japan}} | |See Japan-Nigeria relations * Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]]. |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |30 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1961 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |8 January 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level * Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|North Korea}} |1976 |See Nigeria–North Korea relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]] * North Korea has an embassy in Abuja |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malaysia}} | |See Malaysia–Nigeria relations * Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |1 March 1989 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1989 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |8 January 1981 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1981 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | |See Nigeria–Pakistan relations [[File:Defense_attachés_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base,_Abuja,_Nigeria.jpg|right|thumb|Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, [[Abuja]], Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during ''Africa Endeavour 2008''.]] The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie" * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Islamabad]]. * Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Philippines}} |1 August 1962 |See Nigeria–Philippines relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Manila]]. * Philippines has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Qatar}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Doha]]. * Qatar has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate-general in [[Jeddah]]. * Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Korea}} |22 January 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980 Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Seoul]]. * South Korea has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |30 September 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1965 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Turkey}} |16 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Charge d'Affaires. * [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]]. * Turkey has an embassy in [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" /> * Trade volume between the two countries was US$726 million in 2019.<ref name="auto148" /> * There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abuja]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] and [[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" /> |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |20 January 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]. * United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |25 May 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. * Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |12 May 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1979 |} == Turai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |22 May 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1973. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Austria}} |21 December 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its Embassy in Lagos. * Austria has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belgium}} |4 February 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961 * Belgium has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} | | * Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Prag|Prague]]. |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |15 February 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1962 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Nigeria Mr. Karl Borge Raavad |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |18 January 1963 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1963 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|France}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960(Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965) * France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Faris|Paris]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Germany}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See Germany-Nigeria relations * Germany has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in Frankfurt. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Greece}} | |See Greece-Nigeria relations Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling. There is a small Greek business community in Lagos. * Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Athens]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ireland}} | | * Ireland has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dublin]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Italy}} | | * Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rum|Rome]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Hungary}} | | * Hungary has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Budapest]]. |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |29 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Netherlands}} | | * Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague. |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Poland}} |30 May 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962 See Nigeria–Poland relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]]. * Poland has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Portugal}} |10 July 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lisbon]]. * Portugal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Russia}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Rasha|Nigeria–Russia relations]] * Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow. * Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Madrid]]. * Spain has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sweden}} |3 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Stockholm]]. * Sweden has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |10 December 1992 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1992 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |1 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Landan|London]]. * United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt. |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Ƙasa ! style="width:12%;" | An Fara Dangantaka ta Gaskiya ! Bayanan kula |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Australia}}</img>{{Flag|Australia}} | | * Ostiraliya tana da babban kwamiti a Abuja. * Najeriya tana da babban kwamiti a [[Kanberra|Canberra]] . * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |- valign="top" |{{Flag|New Zealand}}</img>{{Flag|New Zealand}} | Afrilu 16, 1982 | Kasashen biyu sun kulla huldar diflomasiyya a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1982 lokacin da Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya na farko a Canberra, Mista Edward Sanu ya mika takardar shaidarsa ga Janar Janar na New Zealand * Kasar New Zealand ta samu karbuwa ga Najeriya daga ofishin jakadancinta da ke Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. * Najeriya ta samu karbuwa ga kasar New Zealand daga babban hukumar da ke Canberra, Australia. * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |} == Rikicin kasa da kasa == An kammala keɓe iyakokin kasa da kasa a kusa da [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]], wanda rashin abin da ya haifar da al'amuran kan iyaka a baya, ana jiran amincewa da [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da Najeriya; Rikicin da ake yi da Kamaru kan iyakokin kasa da na ruwa da ke kewayen [[Bakassi|yankin Bakasi]] a halin yanzu yana gaban kotun kasa da kasa ; Rikicin kan iyakar teku da [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] saboda takaddamar hukunce-hukuncen yankunan da ke da arzikin mai a [[Tekun Guinea|mashigin tekun Guinea]] . == Najeriya da ƙungiyar Commonwealth == Tarayyar Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1960 tare da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu]] a matsayin Sarauniyar Najeriya . Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a cikin kasashen Commonwealth a shekarar 1963, lokacin da Gwamna-Janar na Najeriya [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban Najeriya]] na farko . An dakatar da Najeriya daga kungiyar Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka maido da cikakken mambanta. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mzbq55ivh5ivox3xwsluysm6193weos 823648 823647 2026-04-21T15:14:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 823648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|300x300px| Kasashen da Najeriya ke da huldar diflomasiya da su.]] Tun lokacin da 'yancin kai, tare da [[Jaja Wachuku]] a matsayin Ministan [[Ministan Harkokin Waje (Najeriya)|Harkokin Waje]] na farko da Harkokin Commonwealth, daga baya aka kira Harkokin Harkokin Waje, Harkokin Harkokin Waje [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Nijeriya]] ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga nahiyar [[Afirka]] a matsayin ikon yanki da kuma jingina ga wasu muhimman ka'idoji: haɗin kai da 'yancin kai na Afirka; yana yin amfani da tasirin hegemonic a cikin yankin: sasanta rikice-rikice cikin lumana; rashin daidaito da tsoma baki cikin al'amuran cikin gida na sauran al'ummomi; da hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankin. A wajen aiwatar da wadannan ka'idoji, Najeriya na shiga cikin [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]], [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] (ECOWAS), Kungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Rigakafi, Kungiyar Kasashen Commonwealth, da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . == Najeriya da 'yantar da Afirka == Bayan samun 'yencin kai a shekarar 1960, [[Najeriya]] ta yi gaggawar sadaukar da kanta wajen inganta rayuwar al'ummar kasar da kuma amfani da albarkatun da suka rage masu muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma makwabtanta. Ta hanyar lura da irin fa'ida da dacewa ga kasar, [[Najeriya]] ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afrika (OAU), wadda daga baya ta zama Tarayyar Afirka. Kungiyar hadin kan Afrika na duba zaman lafiyar kowace kasashen Afirka da kuma karfafa musu gwiwa da su gudanar da tarukan yanki na kungiyar. Najeriya ta goyi bayan jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar daukar tsauraran matakai dangane da gwamnatin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ayyukan sojan da suke yi a kudancin Afirka. Najeriya da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU, yanzu [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] ), suna da tasiri sosai a kasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma]] da Afirka baki daya. Najeriya ta kuma kafa kokarin hadin gwiwa a yankin yammacin Afirka, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da misali ga [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] da [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]], kungiyoyin tattalin arziki da na soja, bi da bi. Hakazalika, lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke a [[Angola|kasar Angola]] bayan kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Portugal a shekarar 1975, Najeriya ta zaburar da tasirinta na diflomasiyya a nahiyar Afirka domin nuna goyon baya ga Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Wannan tallafin ya taimaka wajen daidaita daidaiton su, wanda ya sa OAU ta amince da MPLA a kan Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don Gabatar da 'Yancin [[Angola]]. Najeriya ta ba da goyon bayan diflomasiyya ga wata kungiyar Sam Nujoma ta Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma a Namibiya, don dakatar da mulkin wariyar launin fata da Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa a can. A shekarar 1977, sabon mulkin soja na Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 20 ga yunkurin Zimbabwe na yaki da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Rhodesia . Najeriya ta kuma aike da kayan aikin soji zuwa kasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] domin taimakawa sabuwar kasar da ta samu 'yancin kai wajen murkushe 'yan tawayen kasar Mozambique da ke samun goyon bayan Afirka ta Kudu. Najeriya ta kuma ba da horon soji a sashin soja na farko na kanikanci a Kaduna da sauran tallafi na kayan aiki ga Joshua Nkomo da dakarun sa-kai na Robert Mugabe a lokacin yakin Zimbabwe a 1979 kan mulkin farar fata marasa rinjaye na Firayim Minista Ian Douglas Smith a 1979, wanda ya samu goyon bayan wariyar launin fata - gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Sakamakon rashin tafiyar da tattalin arzikinta da fasahar kere-kere, Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za ta kaddamar da shirin nukiliyar na "mara iyaka" na kanta amma abin ya ci tura. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta nuna matukar muhimmancinta wajen inganta tattalin arzikin al’umma, ta kuma fara mayar da wasu kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da ke kasuwanci tare da karya takunkumin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ayyukan gida na bankin Barclays. An mayar da kasar ne bayan bankin ya yi watsi da zanga-zangar da al'ummar Najeriya suka yi. Haka kuma Najeriya ta mayar da kamfanin man fetur na kasar Britaniya (BP) kasa domin isar da mai ga kasar Afrika ta kudu. A shekarar 1982, gwamnatin Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] ta bukaci [[John Paul na Biyu|Fafaroma John Paul na biyu]] da ya kawo ziyarar aiki ga shugabannin kungiyoyin asiri na kudancin Afirka Oliver Tambo na ANC da Sam Nujoma na SWAPO. A watan Disambar 1983, sabon mulkin Manjo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sanar da cewa Najeriya ba za ta iya sake samun mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ba. duk da haka, Najeriya ce kasa ta farko a bakar fata a doron kasa saboda yawan al'ummarta, Najeriya na da matukar fa'ida kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za ta zama mai karfin fada a ji a fagen duniya. == Najeriya da yammacin Afrika == A ci gaba da cimma burin hadin gwiwa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, [[Najeriya]] ta taimaka wajen samar da kungiyar ECOWAS, mai neman daidaita harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari ga kasashe mambobinta 16 na Afirka ta Yamma, a karshe ta cimma cikakkiyar kungiyar kwastam, da kuma kafa kudi guda. [[Najeriya]] ta kuma yi gaba wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin kasashe masu tasowa kan bukatar gyara tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa. Najeriya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] na kawo karshen yakin basasa a Laberiya kuma ta ba da gudummawar mafi yawan dakarun [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19362200903361945 wanzar da zaman lafiya da kungiyar ta ECOWAS] ta tura can a shekarar 1990. Har ila yau Najeriya ta ba da mafi yawan sojojin ga dakarun [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Saliyo]] . Najeriya gaba daya tana da kyakkyawar alaka da makwabtanta. [[Najeriya]] ta taka rawar gani sosai a yammacin Afirka, tare da babban karfin soja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces?wprov=sfla1], [[Najeriya]] ta dawwama a burinta na inganta zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a yankin da ya fi wadata a Afirka sama da shekaru talatin. == Najeriya da Ƙungiyoyin Duniya == Najeriya memba ce a Ƙungiyoyi kamar haka: * Rukunin Kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific * Bankin Raya Afirka * [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] * Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci gaba mai Dorewa a Kudancin * Commonwealth of Nations * [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] * Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma * Rukuni na 15 * G-19 * Rukuni na 24 * Rukuni na 77 * Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya * Bankin Duniya na Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba * Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya * [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya * Kudin hannun jari International Finance Corporation * [[Asusun Tallafawa Noma na Duniya]] * International Hydrographic Organization * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya * Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya * Ƙungiyar Tauraron Dan Adam ta Duniya * Kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa * [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa]] * Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya * Interpol * Motsin da ba a daidaita shi ba * Kungiyar Hana Makamai Masu Guba * [[OPEC|Kungiyar kasashe masu arzikin man fetur]] * [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|Kungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci]] * Kotun Kotu ta Dindindin * [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba * [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * [[UNESCO|Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Kungiyar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Tawagar sa ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Iraki-Kuwait * Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kosovo * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Yammacin Sahara * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bosnia da Herzegovina * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Prevlaka * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Tajikistan * Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Universal Postal Union * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Hukumar Kwastam ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Duniya * Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya * Kungiyar yawon bude ido ta duniya * [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya]] Gwamnatin Babangida ta shiga kungiyar kasashen musulmi ta OIC, yanzu [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|kungiyar hadin kan kasashen musulmi]], duk da cewa shugaba Obasanjo ya nuna cewa watakila ya sake duba kasancewar Najeriya mamba, ana kuma yin tsokaci ga Najeriya don kara kulla alaka tsakanin kasashen biyu. == Afirka == {{Gyara Fassara}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Algeria}} |2 September 1968 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968 * Algeria has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Aljir|Algiers]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Angola}} | |See [[Dangantakar Angola da Najeriya|Angola–Nigeria relations]] Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the [[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]], the African Union and other multilateral organizations. The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples. * Angola has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Luanda]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Benin}} |12 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou. * Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Cotonou]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |19 February 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials. * Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ouagadougou]]. |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |6 November 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cameroon}} | |See Cameroon-Nigeria relations A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich [[Bakassi|Bakassi Peninsula]] was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the [[Yarjejeniyar "Greentree Agreement"|Greentree Agreement]] which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013. Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998. * Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]], a consulate-general in [[Douala]] and a consulate in Buea. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chad}} | |See Chad–Nigeria relations Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties. * Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970. * Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bangui]]. |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |5 November 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1982. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | | * DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |26 July 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961. * Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abidjan]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Egypt}} | | * Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |25 January 1969 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969 * Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Malabo]] and a consulate in Bata. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} | |{{Main|Ethiopia–Nigeria relations}} * Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gabon}} |18 January 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973 * Gabon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Libreville]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gambia}} | | * Gambia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Banjul]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ghana}} |1 October 1960 |See [[Dangantaka Ghana da Najeriya|Ghana–Nigeria relations]] Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960 Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed [[Hilla Limann|Limann]] in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries. In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.<ref name="cs" /> Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.<ref name="cs" /> Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations. * Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Accra]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guinea}} | | * Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Conakry]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Kenya}} | |See Kenya–Nigeria relations * Kenya has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Nairobi]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Liberia}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date. * Liberia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Monrovia]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Libya}} | | Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010. The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]], that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. Gaddaffi had made the suggestion in light of [[Rikicin Jos, 2010|recent violence]] between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.<ref name="BBCnews" /> In addition Gaddaffi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.<ref name="BBCnews" /> The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews" /> The [[Majalisar Najeriya|Nigerian National Assembly]] has requested that the government ask the [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Nations]] to prohibit Gaddaffi from calling for the division of Nigeria.<ref name="Xinhua" /> The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an [[Tarayyar Afrika|African Union]] investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators". * Libya has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tripoli]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |24 June 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971 * Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malawi}} |29 November 1969 |See Malawi–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969. * Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Lilongwe]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mali}} |1 August 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Mali has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bamako]]. |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |16 June 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1976 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Morocco}} | | * Morocco has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rabat]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |25 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975. * Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Maputo]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 March 1990 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990. * Namibia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Windhoek]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Niger}} |8 June 1961 |See Niger–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large [[Hausawa|Hausa]] minority on each side of their 1500&nbsp;km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state. The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger. * Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Niamey]]. |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |10 June 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972 when appointed first Ambassador of Nigeria to Rwanda (resident in Kampala) Mr. Mbom Etuk. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |30 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Sao Tomé|São Tomé]]. * São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Senegal}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dakar]]. * Senegal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27 April 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Freetown]]. * Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Africa}} |21 February 1994 |See Nigeria–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994 * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Pretoria]] and a consulate-general in [[Johannesburg]]. * South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sudan}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an Embassy in Khartoum. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Khartoum]]. * Sudan has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Tanzania}} | | * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]]. * Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Togo}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lomé]]. * Togo has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |15 January 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Harare]]. * Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Amurka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Argentina}} |15 August 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961 * Argentina has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Barbados}} |24 April 1970 |See Barbados–Nigeria relations * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970 * Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. * Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria. In 2006 the Governor [[Gbenga Daniel|Otunba Gbenga Daniel]] of the Nigerian state of [[Ogun]] announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria. Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belize}} |19 April 1982 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1982. * Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Brazil}} |16 August 1961 |See Brazil–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961 Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade. * Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Brasilia|Brasília]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Canada}} |1 October 1960 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 * Canada has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission on Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Ottawa]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192045/http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/geo/nigeria-en.aspx Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Nigeria] |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chile}} |5 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961 * Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. * Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Colombia}} |1 January 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979 * Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana. * Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |26 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cuba}} |1 July 1974 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974 * Cuba has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Havana]]. |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |23 July 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2001 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |10 December 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979 * Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guyana}} |27 June 1970 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1970 * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |28 January 1978 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1978. |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |25 September 2013 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2013. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |29 April 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970 * Jamaica has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |14 April 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976 See Mexico–Nigeria relations * Mexico has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]]. |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |12 February 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2001 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |7 July 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1971 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Port of Spain]]. * Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in Abuja. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United States}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See [[Tarihin Dangantakar Najeriya da Amurka|Nigeria–United States relations]] After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|human rights]] abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995. After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good. The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 attacks]]. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]]. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Sub-Saharan Africa]]. As a member of the [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|International Criminal Court]] Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Atlanta]] and [[New York (birni)|New York City]]. * United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |20 February 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965 * Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. * Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |16 March 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Karakas|Caracas]]. * Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Asiya == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Armenia}} |4 February 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993 * Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |11 March 1992 |See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations * Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date * Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |3 January 1976 |See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|OIC]] and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley|Next Eleven]] economies. * Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dhaka]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|China}} |10 February 1971 |See [[Alaƙar China da Najeriya|China–Nigeria relations]] Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971. Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support. In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the [[Majalisar Najeriya|National Assembly of Nigeria]]. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership. China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. * China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|India}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Indiya|India–Nigeria relations]] The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's [[Danyen mai|crude oil]] needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa. * India has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[New Delhi]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5 March 1965 |See Indonesia–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965 * Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Iran}} |5 May 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972 * Iran has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tehran]]. |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |6 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1961 when Iraq opened its Embassy in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Israel}} |1 October 1960 |See Israel–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960. Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better. * Israel has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Japan}} | |See Japan-Nigeria relations * Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]]. |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |30 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1961 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |8 January 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level * Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|North Korea}} |1976 |See Nigeria–North Korea relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]] * North Korea has an embassy in Abuja |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malaysia}} | |See Malaysia–Nigeria relations * Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |1 March 1989 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1989 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |8 January 1981 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1981 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | |See Nigeria–Pakistan relations [[File:Defense_attachés_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base,_Abuja,_Nigeria.jpg|right|thumb|Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, [[Abuja]], Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during ''Africa Endeavour 2008''.]] The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie" * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Islamabad]]. * Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Philippines}} |1 August 1962 |See Nigeria–Philippines relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Manila]]. * Philippines has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Qatar}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Doha]]. * Qatar has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate-general in [[Jeddah]]. * Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Korea}} |22 January 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980 Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Seoul]]. * South Korea has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |30 September 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1965 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Turkey}} |16 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Charge d'Affaires. * [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]]. * Turkey has an embassy in [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" /> * Trade volume between the two countries was US$726 million in 2019.<ref name="auto148" /> * There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abuja]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] and [[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" /> |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |20 January 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]. * United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |25 May 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. * Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |12 May 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1979 |} == Turai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |22 May 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1973. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Austria}} |21 December 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its Embassy in Lagos. * Austria has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belgium}} |4 February 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961 * Belgium has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} | | * Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Prag|Prague]]. |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |15 February 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1962 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Nigeria Mr. Karl Borge Raavad |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |18 January 1963 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1963 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|France}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960(Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965) * France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Faris|Paris]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Germany}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See Germany-Nigeria relations * Germany has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in Frankfurt. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Greece}} | |See Greece-Nigeria relations Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling. There is a small Greek business community in Lagos. * Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Athens]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ireland}} | | * Ireland has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dublin]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Italy}} | | * Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rum|Rome]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Hungary}} | | * Hungary has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Budapest]]. |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |29 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Netherlands}} | | * Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague. |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Poland}} |30 May 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962 See Nigeria–Poland relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]]. * Poland has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Portugal}} |10 July 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lisbon]]. * Portugal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Russia}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Rasha|Nigeria–Russia relations]] * Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow. * Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Madrid]]. * Spain has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sweden}} |3 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Stockholm]]. * Sweden has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |10 December 1992 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1992 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |1 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Landan|London]]. * United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt. |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Ƙasa ! style="width:12%;" | An Fara Dangantaka ta Gaskiya ! Bayanan kula |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Australia}}</img>{{Flag|Australia}} | | * Ostiraliya tana da babban kwamiti a Abuja. * Najeriya tana da babban kwamiti a [[Kanberra|Canberra]] . * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |- valign="top" |{{Flag|New Zealand}}</img>{{Flag|New Zealand}} | Afrilu 16, 1982 | Kasashen biyu sun kulla huldar diflomasiyya a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1982 lokacin da Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya na farko a Canberra, Mista Edward Sanu ya mika takardar shaidarsa ga Janar Janar na New Zealand * Kasar New Zealand ta samu karbuwa ga Najeriya daga ofishin jakadancinta da ke Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. * Najeriya ta samu karbuwa ga kasar New Zealand daga babban hukumar da ke Canberra, Australia. * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |} == Rikicin kasa da kasa == An kammala keɓe iyakokin kasa da kasa a kusa da [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]], wanda rashin abin da ya haifar da al'amuran kan iyaka a baya, ana jiran amincewa da [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da Najeriya; Rikicin da ake yi da Kamaru kan iyakokin kasa da na ruwa da ke kewayen [[Bakassi|yankin Bakasi]] a halin yanzu yana gaban kotun kasa da kasa ; Rikicin kan iyakar teku da [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] saboda takaddamar hukunce-hukuncen yankunan da ke da arzikin mai a [[Tekun Guinea|mashigin tekun Guinea]] . == Najeriya da ƙungiyar Commonwealth == Tarayyar Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1960 tare da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu]] a matsayin Sarauniyar Najeriya . Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a cikin kasashen Commonwealth a shekarar 1963, lokacin da Gwamna-Janar na Najeriya [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban Najeriya]] na farko . An dakatar da Najeriya daga kungiyar Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka maido da cikakken mambanta. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jsk1z6e1ddaayagvwm6mxwnuf2chvfe 823649 823648 2026-04-21T15:15:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 823649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Diplomatic_relations_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|300x300px| Kasashen da Najeriya ke da huldar diflomasiya da su.]] Tun lokacin da 'yancin kai, tare da [[Jaja Wachuku]] a matsayin Ministan [[Ministan Harkokin Waje (Najeriya)|Harkokin Waje]] na farko da Harkokin Commonwealth, daga baya aka kira Harkokin Harkokin Waje, Harkokin Harkokin Waje [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Nijeriya]] ya kasance mai mayar da hankali ga nahiyar [[Afirka]] a matsayin ikon yanki da kuma jingina ga wasu muhimman ka'idoji: haɗin kai da 'yancin kai na Afirka; yana yin amfani da tasirin hegemonic a cikin yankin: sasanta rikice-rikice cikin lumana; rashin daidaito da tsoma baki cikin al'amuran cikin gida na sauran al'ummomi; da hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankin. A wajen aiwatar da wadannan ka'idoji, Najeriya na shiga cikin [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]], [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] (ECOWAS), Kungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Rigakafi, Kungiyar Kasashen Commonwealth, da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . == Najeriya da 'yantar da Afirka == Bayan samun 'yencin kai a shekarar 1960, [[Najeriya]] ta yi gaggawar sadaukar da kanta wajen inganta rayuwar al'ummar kasar da kuma amfani da albarkatun da suka rage masu muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma makwabtanta. Ta hanyar lura da irin fa'ida da dacewa ga kasar, [[Najeriya]] ta zama daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kafa kungiyar hadin kan Afrika (OAU), wadda daga baya ta zama Tarayyar Afirka. Kungiyar hadin kan Afrika na duba zaman lafiyar kowace kasashen Afirka da kuma karfafa musu gwiwa da su gudanar da tarukan yanki na kungiyar. Najeriya ta goyi bayan jam'iyyar ANC ta Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar daukar tsauraran matakai dangane da gwamnatin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ayyukan sojan da suke yi a kudancin Afirka. Najeriya da kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU, yanzu [[Tarayyar Afrika|kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] ), suna da tasiri sosai a kasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma]] da Afirka baki daya. Najeriya ta kuma kafa kokarin hadin gwiwa a yankin yammacin Afirka, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da misali ga [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] da [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]], kungiyoyin tattalin arziki da na soja, bi da bi. Hakazalika, lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke a [[Angola|kasar Angola]] bayan kasar ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Portugal a shekarar 1975, Najeriya ta zaburar da tasirinta na diflomasiyya a nahiyar Afirka domin nuna goyon baya ga Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Wannan tallafin ya taimaka wajen daidaita daidaiton su, wanda ya sa OAU ta amince da MPLA a kan Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa don Gabatar da 'Yancin [[Angola]]. Najeriya ta ba da goyon bayan diflomasiyya ga wata kungiyar Sam Nujoma ta Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma a Namibiya, don dakatar da mulkin wariyar launin fata da Afirka ta Kudu ta kafa a can. A shekarar 1977, sabon mulkin soja na Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 20 ga yunkurin Zimbabwe na yaki da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Rhodesia . Najeriya ta kuma aike da kayan aikin soji zuwa kasar [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] domin taimakawa sabuwar kasar da ta samu 'yancin kai wajen murkushe 'yan tawayen kasar Mozambique da ke samun goyon bayan Afirka ta Kudu. Najeriya ta kuma ba da horon soji a sashin soja na farko na kanikanci a Kaduna da sauran tallafi na kayan aiki ga Joshua Nkomo da dakarun sa-kai na Robert Mugabe a lokacin yakin Zimbabwe a 1979 kan mulkin farar fata marasa rinjaye na Firayim Minista Ian Douglas Smith a 1979, wanda ya samu goyon bayan wariyar launin fata - gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu. Sakamakon rashin tafiyar da tattalin arzikinta da fasahar kere-kere, Najeriya ta sanar da cewa za ta kaddamar da shirin nukiliyar na "mara iyaka" na kanta amma abin ya ci tura. Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, Najeriya ta nuna matukar muhimmancinta wajen inganta tattalin arzikin al’umma, ta kuma fara mayar da wasu kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da ke kasuwanci tare da karya takunkumin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na mulkin wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu, ayyukan gida na bankin Barclays. An mayar da kasar ne bayan bankin ya yi watsi da zanga-zangar da al'ummar Najeriya suka yi. Haka kuma Najeriya ta mayar da kamfanin man fetur na kasar Britaniya (BP) kasa domin isar da mai ga kasar Afrika ta kudu. A shekarar 1982, gwamnatin Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] ta bukaci [[John Paul na Biyu|Fafaroma John Paul na biyu]] da ya kawo ziyarar aiki ga shugabannin kungiyoyin asiri na kudancin Afirka Oliver Tambo na ANC da Sam Nujoma na SWAPO. A watan Disambar 1983, sabon mulkin Manjo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya sanar da cewa Najeriya ba za ta iya sake samun mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ba. duk da haka, Najeriya ce kasa ta farko a bakar fata a doron kasa saboda yawan al'ummarta, Najeriya na da matukar fa'ida kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za ta zama mai karfin fada a ji a fagen duniya. == Najeriya da yammacin Afrika == A ci gaba da cimma burin hadin gwiwa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin yankin, [[Najeriya]] ta taimaka wajen samar da kungiyar ECOWAS, mai neman daidaita harkokin kasuwanci da zuba jari ga kasashe mambobinta 16 na Afirka ta Yamma, a karshe ta cimma cikakkiyar kungiyar kwastam, da kuma kafa kudi guda. [[Najeriya]] ta kuma yi gaba wajen bayyana ra'ayoyin kasashe masu tasowa kan bukatar gyara tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa. Najeriya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]] na kawo karshen yakin basasa a Laberiya kuma ta ba da gudummawar mafi yawan dakarun [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19362200903361945 wanzar da zaman lafiya da kungiyar ta ECOWAS] ta tura can a shekarar 1990. Har ila yau Najeriya ta ba da mafi yawan sojojin ga dakarun [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Saliyo]] . Najeriya gaba daya tana da kyakkyawar alaka da makwabtanta. [[Najeriya]] ta taka rawar gani sosai a yammacin Afirka, tare da babban karfin soja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces?wprov=sfla1], [[Najeriya]] ta dawwama a burinta na inganta zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a yankin da ya fi wadata a Afirka sama da shekaru talatin. == Najeriya da Ƙungiyoyin Duniya == Najeriya memba ce a Ƙungiyoyi kamar haka: * Rukunin Kasashen Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific * Bankin Raya Afirka * [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] * Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Fasaha don Ci gaba mai Dorewa a Kudancin * Commonwealth of Nations * [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka]] * Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma * Rukuni na 15 * G-19 * Rukuni na 24 * Rukuni na 77 * Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya * Bankin Duniya na Sake Ginawa da Ci Gaba * Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya * [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya * Kudin hannun jari International Finance Corporation * [[Asusun Tallafawa Noma na Duniya]] * International Hydrographic Organization * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya * Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya * Ƙungiyar Tauraron Dan Adam ta Duniya * Kwamitin Olympics na kasa da kasa * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa * [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa]] * Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya * Interpol * Motsin da ba a daidaita shi ba * Kungiyar Hana Makamai Masu Guba * [[OPEC|Kungiyar kasashe masu arzikin man fetur]] * [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|Kungiyar Hadin Kan Musulunci]] * Kotun Kotu ta Dindindin * [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kasuwanci da ci gaba * [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * [[UNESCO|Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * Hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Kungiyar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Tawagar sa ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Iraki-Kuwait * Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kosovo * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Yammacin Sahara * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bosnia da Herzegovina * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Prevlaka * Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Tajikistan * Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * Universal Postal Union * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * Hukumar Kwastam ta Duniya * Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya * [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya]] * Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Duniya * Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya * Kungiyar yawon bude ido ta duniya * [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya]] Gwamnatin Babangida ta shiga kungiyar kasashen musulmi ta OIC, yanzu [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|kungiyar hadin kan kasashen musulmi]], duk da cewa shugaba Obasanjo ya nuna cewa watakila ya sake duba kasancewar Najeriya mamba, ana kuma yin tsokaci ga Najeriya don kara kulla alaka tsakanin kasashen biyu. == Afirka == {{Gyara Fassara}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Algeria}} |2 September 1968 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968 * Algeria has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Aljir|Algiers]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Angola}} | |See [[Dangantakar Angola da Najeriya|Angola–Nigeria relations]] Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the [[OPEC|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]], the African Union and other multilateral organizations. The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples. * Angola has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Luanda]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Benin}} |12 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Charge d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou. * Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Cotonou]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |19 February 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials. * Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ouagadougou]]. |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |6 November 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cameroon}} | |See Cameroon-Nigeria relations A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich [[Bakassi|Bakassi Peninsula]] was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the [[Yarjejeniyar "Greentree Agreement"|Greentree Agreement]] which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013. Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998. * Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]], a consulate-general in [[Douala]] and a consulate in Buea. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chad}} | |See Chad–Nigeria relations Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties. * Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970. * Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bangui]]. |- |{{Flag|Comoros}} |5 November 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1982. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | | * DR Congo has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |26 July 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961. * Côte d'Ivoire has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abidjan]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Egypt}} | | * Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |25 January 1969 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969 * Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Malabo]] and a consulate in Bata. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} | |{{Main|Ethiopia–Nigeria relations}} * Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gabon}} |18 January 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973 * Gabon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Libreville]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Gambia}} | | * Gambia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Banjul]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ghana}} |1 October 1960 |See [[Dangantaka Ghana da Najeriya|Ghana–Nigeria relations]] Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960 Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed [[Hilla Limann|Limann]] in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries. In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General [[Ibrahim Babangida]] to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.<ref name="cs" /> Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.<ref name="cs" /> Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations. * Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Accra]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guinea}} | | * Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Conakry]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Kenya}} | |See Kenya–Nigeria relations * Kenya has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Nairobi]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Liberia}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date. * Liberia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Monrovia]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Libya}} | | Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010. The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel [[Muammar Gaddafi]], that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. Gaddaffi had made the suggestion in light of [[Rikicin Jos, 2010|recent violence]] between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.<ref name="BBCnews" /> In addition Gaddaffi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.<ref name="BBCnews" /> The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".<ref name="BBCnews" /> The [[Majalisar Najeriya|Nigerian National Assembly]] has requested that the government ask the [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|United Nations]] to prohibit Gaddaffi from calling for the division of Nigeria.<ref name="Xinhua" /> The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an [[Tarayyar Afrika|African Union]] investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators". * Libya has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tripoli]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |24 June 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971 * Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malawi}} |29 November 1969 |See Malawi–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969. * Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Lilongwe]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mali}} |1 August 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Mali has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Bamako]]. |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |16 June 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 June 1976 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Morocco}} | | * Morocco has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rabat]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |25 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975. * Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Maputo]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Namibia}} |28 March 1990 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990. * Namibia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Windhoek]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Niger}} |8 June 1961 |See Niger–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large [[Hausawa|Hausa]] minority on each side of their 1500&nbsp;km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state. The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger. * Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Niamey]]. |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} |10 June 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972 when appointed first Ambassador of Nigeria to Rwanda (resident in Kampala) Mr. Mbom Etuk. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |30 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Sao Tomé|São Tomé]]. * São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Senegal}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dakar]]. * Senegal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |27 April 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Freetown]]. * Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Africa}} |21 February 1994 |See Nigeria–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994 * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Pretoria]] and a consulate-general in [[Johannesburg]]. * South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sudan}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an Embassy in Khartoum. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Khartoum]]. * Sudan has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Tanzania}} | | * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dar es Salaam|Dar-es-Salaam]]. * Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Togo}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lomé]]. * Togo has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |15 January 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Harare]]. * Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Amurka == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Argentina}} |15 August 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961 * Argentina has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Barbados}} |24 April 1970 |See Barbados–Nigeria relations * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970 * Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. * Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria. In 2006 the Governor [[Gbenga Daniel|Otunba Gbenga Daniel]] of the Nigerian state of [[Ogun]] announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria. Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belize}} |19 April 1982 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1982. * Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Brazil}} |16 August 1961 |See Brazil–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961 Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade. * Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Brasilia|Brasília]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Canada}} |1 October 1960 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 * Canada has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission on Lagos. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Ottawa]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090125192045/http://geo.international.gc.ca/cip-pic/geo/nigeria-en.aspx Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Nigeria] |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Chile}} |5 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961 * Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. * Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Colombia}} |1 January 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979 * Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana. * Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |26 June 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Cuba}} |1 July 1974 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974 * Cuba has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Havana]]. |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |23 July 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 2001 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |10 December 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979 * Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Guyana}} |27 June 1970 | * Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1970 * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |28 January 1978 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1978. |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |25 September 2013 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2013. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |29 April 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970 * Jamaica has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |14 April 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976 See Mexico–Nigeria relations * Mexico has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]]. |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |12 February 2001 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2001 |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |7 July 1971 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1971 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |6 October 1970 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Port of Spain]]. * Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in Abuja. * Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United States}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See [[Tarihin Dangantakar Najeriya da Amurka|Nigeria–United States relations]] After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|human rights]] abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995. After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good. The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 attacks]]. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]]. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Sub-Saharan Africa]]. As a member of the [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|International Criminal Court]] Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], and consulates-general in [[Atlanta]] and [[New York (birni)|New York City]]. * United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |20 February 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965 * Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. * Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in [[Pretoria]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Venezuela}} |16 March 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Karakas|Caracas]]. * Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja. |} == Asiya == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Armenia}} |4 February 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993 * Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria. * Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |11 March 1992 |See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations * Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date * Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |3 January 1976 |See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976. Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the [[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|OIC]] and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as [[Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill na Gatley|Next Eleven]] economies. * Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Dhaka]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|China}} |10 February 1971 |See [[Alaƙar China da Najeriya|China–Nigeria relations]] Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971. Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support. In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the [[Majalisar Najeriya|National Assembly of Nigeria]]. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership. China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region. * China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Shanghai]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|India}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Indiya|India–Nigeria relations]] The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's [[Danyen mai|crude oil]] needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa. * India has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[New Delhi]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5 March 1965 |See Indonesia–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965 * Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Iran}} |5 May 1972 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972 * Iran has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tehran]]. |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} |6 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1961 when Iraq opened its Embassy in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Israel}} |1 October 1960 |See Israel–Nigeria relations Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960. Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better. * Israel has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Japan}} | |See Japan-Nigeria relations * Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Tokyo]]. |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |30 September 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1961 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |8 January 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level * Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|North Korea}} |1976 |See Nigeria–North Korea relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Pyongyang]] * North Korea has an embassy in Abuja |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Malaysia}} | |See Malaysia–Nigeria relations * Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]]. |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} |1 March 1989 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1989 |- |{{Flag|Oman}} |8 January 1981 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1981 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | |See Nigeria–Pakistan relations [[File:Defense_attachés_from_Russia_and_Pakistan_visit_the_communications_tent_at_the_Nigerian_Air_Force_Base,_Abuja,_Nigeria.jpg|right|thumb|Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, [[Abuja]], Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during ''Africa Endeavour 2008''.]] The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie" * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Islamabad]]. * Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Philippines}} |1 August 1962 |See Nigeria–Philippines relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Manila]]. * Philippines has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Qatar}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Doha]]. * Qatar has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | | * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate-general in [[Jeddah]]. * Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|South Korea}} |22 January 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980 Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Seoul]]. * South Korea has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Syria}} |30 September 1965 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1965 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Turkey}} |16 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Turkey relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Charge d'Affaires. * [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] has an embassy in [[Ankara]]. * Turkey has an embassy in [[Abuja]].<ref name="auto148" /> * Trade volume between the two countries was US$726 million in 2019.<ref name="auto148" /> * There are direct flights from [[Istanbul]] to [[Abuja]], [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]] and [[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]].<ref name="auto148" /> |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |20 January 1982 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]. * United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |25 May 1976 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Hanoi]]. * Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |12 May 1979 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1979 |} == Turai == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Country ! style="width:12%;" |Formal Relations Began !Notes |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |22 May 1973 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 1973. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Austria}} |21 December 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its Embassy in Lagos. * Austria has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Belgium}} |4 February 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961 * Belgium has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} | | * Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Prag|Prague]]. |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} |15 February 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1962 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Nigeria Mr. Karl Borge Raavad |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |18 January 1963 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1963 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|France}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960(Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965) * France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Faris|Paris]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Germany}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 See Germany-Nigeria relations * Germany has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in Frankfurt. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Greece}} | |See Greece-Nigeria relations Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling. There is a small Greek business community in Lagos. * Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Athens]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Ireland}} | | * Ireland has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Dublin]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Italy}} | | * Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Rum|Rome]]. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Hungary}} | | * Hungary has an embassy in Abuja. * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Budapest]]. |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} |29 December 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 December 1975 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Netherlands}} | | * Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. * Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague. |- |{{Flag|Norway}} |1 October 1960 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Poland}} |30 May 1962 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962 See Nigeria–Poland relations * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]]. * Poland has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Portugal}} |10 July 1975 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Lisbon]]. * Portugal has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Russia}} | |See [[Alakar Najeriya da Rasha|Nigeria–Russia relations]] * Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow. * Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Spain}} |10 February 1961 |See Nigeria–Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Madrid]]. * Spain has an embassy in Abuja. |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Sweden}} |3 October 1961 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961 * Nigeria has an embassy in [[Stockholm]]. * Sweden has an embassy in Abuja. |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |10 December 1992 |Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1992 |- valign="top" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |1 October 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK. * Nigeria has a high commission in [[Landan|London]]. * United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt. |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" ! style="width:15%;" |Ƙasa ! style="width:12%;" | An Fara Dangantaka ta Gaskiya ! Bayanan kula |- valign="top" |{{Flag|Australia}}</img>{{Flag|Australia}} | | * Ostiraliya tana da babban kwamiti a Abuja. * Najeriya tana da babban kwamiti a [[Kanberra|Canberra]] . * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |- valign="top" |{{Flag|New Zealand}}</img>{{Flag|New Zealand}} | Afrilu 16, 1982 | Kasashen biyu sun kulla huldar diflomasiyya a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1982 lokacin da Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya na farko a Canberra, Mista Edward Sanu ya mika takardar shaidarsa ga Janar Janar na New Zealand * Kasar New Zealand ta samu karbuwa ga Najeriya daga ofishin jakadancinta da ke Addis Ababa na kasar Habasha. * Najeriya ta samu karbuwa ga kasar New Zealand daga babban hukumar da ke Canberra, Australia. * Dukkan kasashen biyu cikakkun membobi ne a kungiyar Commonwealth . |} == Rikicin kasa da kasa == An kammala keɓe iyakokin kasa da kasa a kusa da [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]], wanda rashin abin da ya haifar da al'amuran kan iyaka a baya, ana jiran amincewa da [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], da Najeriya; Rikicin da ake yi da Kamaru kan iyakokin kasa da na ruwa da ke kewayen [[Bakassi|yankin Bakasi]] a halin yanzu yana gaban kotun kasa da kasa ; Rikicin kan iyakar teku da [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] saboda takaddamar hukunce-hukuncen yankunan da ke da arzikin mai a [[Tekun Guinea|mashigin tekun Guinea]] . == Najeriya da ƙungiyar Commonwealth == Tarayyar Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1960 tare da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu]] a matsayin Sarauniyar Najeriya . Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya a cikin kasashen Commonwealth a shekarar 1963, lokacin da Gwamna-Janar na Najeriya [[Nnamdi Azikiwe]] ya zama [[Shugaban Nijeriya|shugaban Najeriya]] na farko . An dakatar da Najeriya daga kungiyar Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka maido da cikakken mambanta. == Manazarta == [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qf58g4goi8tn2denya6l66l276xa021 0 64369 823668 621244 2026-04-21T15:30:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 823668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Geetanjali Mishra''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Indiya wacce ke fitowa a gidan talabijin [[Harshen Hindu|na Hindi]], jerin gidan yanar gizo da fina-finai. An kuma san ta da aikinta a cikin jerin gidan yanar gizon Mx Player's Virodh<ref>{{Cite web |title=MX Player’s new original series Virodh blends crime, sports and romance |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/mx-players-new-original-series-virodh-blends-crime-sports-and-romance/cid/1925847 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> ''Kundali Bhagya'' A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, Mishra ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu na.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=I am scared of my mother-in-law: Geetanjali Mishra - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Geetanjali-Mishra-says-she-is-scared-of-her-mother-in-law/articleshow/35198110.cms |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में पिछले 10 सालों से कर रहीं निगेटिव रोल, जानिए कौन हैं गीतांजली मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-starcast-know-all-about-fees-income-salary-networth-and-personal-life-of-actress-gitanjali-mishra/1520506/ |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> == Sana'a/Aikin yi == Duk da yin aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban a matsayin manyan haruffa, ta tashi don shahara saboda yawan haruffanta a cikin ''Patrol Crime'' .<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में निगेटिव रोल ने दिलाई शोहरत, बड़े पर्दे पर भी कमाल दिखा रही हैं गीतांजलि मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-fame-gitanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-family-networth-income-fees-now-actress-perform-in-ludo/1578380/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha takwas 2018, ta kuma taka rawar gani Lakshmi a cikin ''Prithvi Vallabh''{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2022}}</link> da Amrita a cikin ''Naagin 3.'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2020 |title=Crime Patrol फेम गीतांजलि मिश्रा ने कभी एक्ट्रेस बनने का सोचा भी नहीं था, यूं बदली किस्मत |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/geetanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-husband-family-networth-income-fees-know-all-about-sony-tv-crime-patrol-actress/1587579/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, ta yi tauraro a cikin''Aghori'' kamar yadda Dravya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu da ZEE5 na Season 2 .Har ila yau kuma, ta yi bayyanar zomaye a cikin wannan shekara . Mahira, Ramona Khanna a ''Kundali Bhagya'' [[Fayil:Geetanjali.Mishra.jpg|thumb|Geetanjali Mishra]] A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da ɗaya 2021, Geetanjali Mishra ya binciko sabon sararin sama ta hanyar bidiyon kiɗan "Dunaali" tare da MD Desi Rockstar. A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyu 2022, Geetanjali ya sake fitowa a matsayin babban jagora a cikin wani bidiyon kiɗan "Jodi" tare da MD Desi Rockstar, wanda Celeb Connex ya samar. Hakanan, ta ɗauki hutu daga talabijin don gwada hannayenta a cikin OTT ta gajerun fina-finai da jerin gidan yanar gizo. == Kyauta == Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo don ɗan gajeren fim - ''Living Idle'' .<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopal |first=B. Madhu |date=12 February 2018 |title=Accolades for Living Idle |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/accolades-for-living-idle/article22724457.ece |access-date=9 January 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=A successful short |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/310118/a-successful-short.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> == Filmography == * ''Duk ayyukan suna cikin Hindi, sai dai in an ambata akasin haka.'' === Wasan kwaikwayo na TV === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2010-11 | ''Maati ki Banno'' | Sunana | Launuka TV | |- | 2011 | ''Maayke Se Bandhi Dor'' | Anju | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014 | ''Rangrasiya'' | Maithili Ranavat | Launuka TV | |- | 2015 | ''Ek Lakshya'' | Sakshi | Doordarshan | |- | 2016 | ''Diya Aur Baati Hum'' | Shilpi | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2016-17 | ''Chandranandini'' | Maharani Sunanda | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014-2015 | ''Balka Vadhu'' | Sona | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Najin 3'' | Amrita | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Prithvi Vallabh'' | Rani Lakshmi | Sony TV | |- | 2019 | ''Aghori'' | Dravya | Zee TV | |- | 2020 | ''Kartik Purnima'' | Beena | Star Bharat | |- | 2020-2021 | ''Kundali Bhagya'' | Ramona Khanna | Zee TV | |- | 2023- Yanzu | ''Happu Ki Ultan Paltan'' | Rajesh Singh | Kuma TV | <ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-geetanjali-mishra-replaces-kamna-pathak-to-play-the-new-rajesh-in-happu-ki-ultan-paltan/amp_articleshow/100766888.cms]</ref> |- |} === Crime TV Series === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2011-2021 | ''Masu sintiri na laifuka'' | Meenakshi (Boye Gaskiya Episode 872,873) / Sudha Malik (Hisaab 750,751) | Sony TV | |- | 2014-2018 | ''Savdhaan India'' | Dr. Rohini (Episode 76) / Karuna (Episode 525) / Nakshatra Pandey (Episode 1001) / Drishti (Episode 1135) / Rajni (Episode 1497) / Lata (1831) | Rayuwa lafiya | |- |} === Fina-finai da Gidan Yanar Gizo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Matsayi ! Harshe ! Fim/Jerin Yanar Gizo ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | ''Nirdosh'' | Maid Laxmi Bai | Hindi | Fim | |- | 2020 | ''Ludo'' | Sambhavi | Hindi | Fim | Netflix |- | 2020 | ''Abhay Season 2'' | Shalini | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | ZEE5 asalin |- | rowspan="2" | 2023 | Virodh | Hemlata | Hindi/haryanvi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | MX Player |- | ''Kafa'' | Priya | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | SonyLIV |} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Geetanjali Mishra on Facebook == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] jb2rj4cm0zkk5w19y4i7b3in75wvr17 823669 823668 2026-04-21T15:30:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 823669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Geetanjali Mishra''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Indiya wacce ke fitowa a gidan talabijin [[Harshen Hindu|na Hindi]], jerin gidan yanar gizo da fina-finai. An kuma san ta da aikinta a cikin jerin gidan yanar gizon Mx Player's Virodh<ref>{{Cite web |title=MX Player’s new original series Virodh blends crime, sports and romance |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/mx-players-new-original-series-virodh-blends-crime-sports-and-romance/cid/1925847 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> ''Kundali Bhagya'' A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, Mishra ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu na.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=I am scared of my mother-in-law: Geetanjali Mishra - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Geetanjali-Mishra-says-she-is-scared-of-her-mother-in-law/articleshow/35198110.cms |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में पिछले 10 सालों से कर रहीं निगेटिव रोल, जानिए कौन हैं गीतांजली मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-starcast-know-all-about-fees-income-salary-networth-and-personal-life-of-actress-gitanjali-mishra/1520506/ |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> == Sana'a/Aikin yi == Duk da yin aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban a matsayin manyan haruffa, ta tashi don shahara saboda yawan haruffanta a cikin ''Patrol Crime'' .<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में निगेटिव रोल ने दिलाई शोहरत, बड़े पर्दे पर भी कमाल दिखा रही हैं गीतांजलि मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-fame-gitanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-family-networth-income-fees-now-actress-perform-in-ludo/1578380/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha takwas 2018, ta kuma taka rawar gani Lakshmi a cikin ''Prithvi Vallabh''{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2022}}</link> da Amrita a cikin ''Naagin 3.'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2020 |title=Crime Patrol फेम गीतांजलि मिश्रा ने कभी एक्ट्रेस बनने का सोचा भी नहीं था, यूं बदली किस्मत |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/geetanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-husband-family-networth-income-fees-know-all-about-sony-tv-crime-patrol-actress/1587579/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, ta yi tauraro a cikin''Aghori'' kamar yadda Dravya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu da ZEE5 na Season 2 .Har ila yau kuma, ta yi bayyanar zomaye a cikin wannan shekara . Mahira, Ramona Khanna a ''Kundali Bhagya'' [[Fayil:Geetanjali.Mishra.jpg|thumb|Geetanjali Mishra]] A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da ɗaya 2021, Geetanjali Mishra ya binciko sabon sararin sama ta hanyar bidiyon kiɗan "Dunaali" tare da MD Desi Rockstar. A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyu 2022, Geetanjali ya sake fitowa a matsayin babban jagora a cikin wani bidiyon kiɗan "Jodi" tare da MD Desi Rockstar, wanda Celeb Connex ya samar. Hakanan, ta ɗauki hutu daga talabijin don gwada hannayenta a cikin OTT ta gajerun fina-finai da jerin gidan yanar gizo. == Kyauta == Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo don ɗan gajeren fim - ''Living Idle'' .<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopal |first=B. Madhu |date=12 February 2018 |title=Accolades for Living Idle |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/accolades-for-living-idle/article22724457.ece |access-date=9 January 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=A successful short |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/310118/a-successful-short.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> == Filmography == * ''Duk ayyukan suna cikin Hindi, sai dai in an ambata akasin haka.'' === Wasan kwaikwayo na TV === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2010-11 | ''Maati ki Banno'' | Sunana | Launuka TV | |- | 2011 | ''Maayke Se Bandhi Dor'' | Anju | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014 | ''Rangrasiya'' | Maithili Ranavat | Launuka TV | |- | 2015 | ''Ek Lakshya'' | Sakshi | Doordarshan | |- | 2016 | ''Diya Aur Baati Hum'' | Shilpi | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2016-17 | ''Chandranandini'' | Maharani Sunanda | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014-2015 | ''Balka Vadhu'' | Sona | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Najin 3'' | Amrita | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Prithvi Vallabh'' | Rani Lakshmi | Sony TV | |- | 2019 | ''Aghori'' | Dravya | Zee TV | |- | 2020 | ''Kartik Purnima'' | Beena | Star Bharat | |- | 2020-2021 | ''Kundali Bhagya'' | Ramona Khanna | Zee TV | |- | 2023- Yanzu | ''Happu Ki Ultan Paltan'' | Rajesh Singh | Kuma TV | <ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-geetanjali-mishra-replaces-kamna-pathak-to-play-the-new-rajesh-in-happu-ki-ultan-paltan/amp_articleshow/100766888.cms]</ref> |- |} === Crime TV Series === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2011-2021 | ''Masu sintiri na laifuka'' | Meenakshi (Boye Gaskiya Episode 872,873) / Sudha Malik (Hisaab 750,751) | Sony TV | |- | 2014-2018 | ''Savdhaan India'' | Dr. Rohini (Episode 76) / Karuna (Episode 525) / Nakshatra Pandey (Episode 1001) / Drishti (Episode 1135) / Rajni (Episode 1497) / Lata (1831) | Rayuwa lafiya | |- |} === Fina-finai da Gidan Yanar Gizo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Matsayi ! Harshe ! Fim/Jerin Yanar Gizo ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | ''Nirdosh'' | Maid Laxmi Bai | Hindi | Fim | |- | 2020 | ''Ludo'' | Sambhavi | Hindi | Fim | Netflix |- | 2020 | ''Abhay Season 2'' | Shalini | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | ZEE5 asalin |- | rowspan="2" | 2023 | Virodh | Hemlata | Hindi/haryanvi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | MX Player |- | ''Kafa'' | Priya | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | SonyLIV |} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Geetanjali Mishra on Facebook == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] r5kn7sfudvgh6bko1z1lfjt9klgbwuv 823670 823669 2026-04-21T15:30:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 823670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Geetanjali Mishra''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Indiya wacce ke fitowa a gidan talabijin [[Harshen Hindu|na Hindi]], jerin gidan yanar gizo da fina-finai. An kuma san ta da aikinta a cikin jerin gidan yanar gizon Mx Player's Virodh<ref>{{Cite web |title=MX Player’s new original series Virodh blends crime, sports and romance |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/mx-players-new-original-series-virodh-blends-crime-sports-and-romance/cid/1925847 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> ''Kundali Bhagya'' A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, Mishra ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu na.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=I am scared of my mother-in-law: Geetanjali Mishra - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Geetanjali-Mishra-says-she-is-scared-of-her-mother-in-law/articleshow/35198110.cms |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में पिछले 10 सालों से कर रहीं निगेटिव रोल, जानिए कौन हैं गीतांजली मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-starcast-know-all-about-fees-income-salary-networth-and-personal-life-of-actress-gitanjali-mishra/1520506/ |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> == Sana'a/Aikin yi == Duk da yin aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban a matsayin manyan haruffa, ta tashi don shahara saboda yawan haruffanta a cikin ''Patrol Crime'' .<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में निगेटिव रोल ने दिलाई शोहरत, बड़े पर्दे पर भी कमाल दिखा रही हैं गीतांजलि मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-fame-gitanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-family-networth-income-fees-now-actress-perform-in-ludo/1578380/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha takwas 2018, ta kuma taka rawar gani Lakshmi a cikin ''Prithvi Vallabh'' da Amrita a cikin ''Naagin 3.'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2020 |title=Crime Patrol फेम गीतांजलि मिश्रा ने कभी एक्ट्रेस बनने का सोचा भी नहीं था, यूं बदली किस्मत |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/geetanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-husband-family-networth-income-fees-know-all-about-sony-tv-crime-patrol-actress/1587579/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, ta yi tauraro a cikin''Aghori'' kamar yadda Dravya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu da ZEE5 na Season 2 .Har ila yau kuma, ta yi bayyanar zomaye a cikin wannan shekara . Mahira, Ramona Khanna a ''Kundali Bhagya'' [[Fayil:Geetanjali.Mishra.jpg|thumb|Geetanjali Mishra]] A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da ɗaya 2021, Geetanjali Mishra ya binciko sabon sararin sama ta hanyar bidiyon kiɗan "Dunaali" tare da MD Desi Rockstar. A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyu 2022, Geetanjali ya sake fitowa a matsayin babban jagora a cikin wani bidiyon kiɗan "Jodi" tare da MD Desi Rockstar, wanda Celeb Connex ya samar. Hakanan, ta ɗauki hutu daga talabijin don gwada hannayenta a cikin OTT ta gajerun fina-finai da jerin gidan yanar gizo. == Kyauta == Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo don ɗan gajeren fim - ''Living Idle'' .<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopal |first=B. Madhu |date=12 February 2018 |title=Accolades for Living Idle |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/accolades-for-living-idle/article22724457.ece |access-date=9 January 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=A successful short |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/310118/a-successful-short.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> == Filmography == * ''Duk ayyukan suna cikin Hindi, sai dai in an ambata akasin haka.'' === Wasan kwaikwayo na TV === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2010-11 | ''Maati ki Banno'' | Sunana | Launuka TV | |- | 2011 | ''Maayke Se Bandhi Dor'' | Anju | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014 | ''Rangrasiya'' | Maithili Ranavat | Launuka TV | |- | 2015 | ''Ek Lakshya'' | Sakshi | Doordarshan | |- | 2016 | ''Diya Aur Baati Hum'' | Shilpi | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2016-17 | ''Chandranandini'' | Maharani Sunanda | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014-2015 | ''Balka Vadhu'' | Sona | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Najin 3'' | Amrita | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Prithvi Vallabh'' | Rani Lakshmi | Sony TV | |- | 2019 | ''Aghori'' | Dravya | Zee TV | |- | 2020 | ''Kartik Purnima'' | Beena | Star Bharat | |- | 2020-2021 | ''Kundali Bhagya'' | Ramona Khanna | Zee TV | |- | 2023- Yanzu | ''Happu Ki Ultan Paltan'' | Rajesh Singh | Kuma TV | <ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-geetanjali-mishra-replaces-kamna-pathak-to-play-the-new-rajesh-in-happu-ki-ultan-paltan/amp_articleshow/100766888.cms]</ref> |- |} === Crime TV Series === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2011-2021 | ''Masu sintiri na laifuka'' | Meenakshi (Boye Gaskiya Episode 872,873) / Sudha Malik (Hisaab 750,751) | Sony TV | |- | 2014-2018 | ''Savdhaan India'' | Dr. Rohini (Episode 76) / Karuna (Episode 525) / Nakshatra Pandey (Episode 1001) / Drishti (Episode 1135) / Rajni (Episode 1497) / Lata (1831) | Rayuwa lafiya | |- |} === Fina-finai da Gidan Yanar Gizo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Matsayi ! Harshe ! Fim/Jerin Yanar Gizo ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | ''Nirdosh'' | Maid Laxmi Bai | Hindi | Fim | |- | 2020 | ''Ludo'' | Sambhavi | Hindi | Fim | Netflix |- | 2020 | ''Abhay Season 2'' | Shalini | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | ZEE5 asalin |- | rowspan="2" | 2023 | Virodh | Hemlata | Hindi/haryanvi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | MX Player |- | ''Kafa'' | Priya | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | SonyLIV |} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Geetanjali Mishra on Facebook == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] jtimlsp4d362vlk3xn2fs2wkit7wdsl 823671 823670 2026-04-21T15:30:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 823671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Geetanjali Mishra''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Indiya wacce ke fitowa a gidan talabijin [[Harshen Hindu|na Hindi]], jerin gidan yanar gizo da fina-finai. An kuma san ta da aikinta a cikin jerin gidan yanar gizon Mx Player's Virodh<ref>{{Cite web |title=MX Player’s new original series Virodh blends crime, sports and romance |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/mx-players-new-original-series-virodh-blends-crime-sports-and-romance/cid/1925847 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> ''Kundali Bhagya'' A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, Mishra ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu na.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=I am scared of my mother-in-law: Geetanjali Mishra - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Geetanjali-Mishra-says-she-is-scared-of-her-mother-in-law/articleshow/35198110.cms |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में पिछले 10 सालों से कर रहीं निगेटिव रोल, जानिए कौन हैं गीतांजली मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-starcast-know-all-about-fees-income-salary-networth-and-personal-life-of-actress-gitanjali-mishra/1520506/ |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> == Sana'a/Aikin yi == Duk da yin aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban a matsayin manyan haruffa, ta tashi don shahara saboda yawan haruffanta a cikin ''Patrol Crime'' .<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में निगेटिव रोल ने दिलाई शोहरत, बड़े पर्दे पर भी कमाल दिखा रही हैं गीतांजलि मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-fame-gitanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-family-networth-income-fees-now-actress-perform-in-ludo/1578380/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha takwas 2018, ta kuma taka rawar gani Lakshmi a cikin ''Prithvi Vallabh'' da Amrita a cikin ''Naagin 3.'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2020 |title=Crime Patrol फेम गीतांजलि मिश्रा ने कभी एक्ट्रेस बनने का सोचा भी नहीं था, यूं बदली किस्मत |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/geetanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-husband-family-networth-income-fees-know-all-about-sony-tv-crime-patrol-actress/1587579/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, ta yi tauraro a cikin''Aghori'' kamar yadda Dravya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu da ZEE5 na Season 2 .Har ila yau kuma, ta yi bayyanar zomaye a cikin wannan shekara. Mahira, Ramona Khanna a ''Kundali Bhagya'' [[Fayil:Geetanjali.Mishra.jpg|thumb|Geetanjali Mishra]] A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da ɗaya 2021, Geetanjali Mishra ya binciko sabon sararin sama ta hanyar bidiyon kiɗan "Dunaali" tare da MD Desi Rockstar. A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyu 2022, Geetanjali ya sake fitowa a matsayin babban jagora a cikin wani bidiyon kiɗan "Jodi" tare da MD Desi Rockstar, wanda Celeb Connex ya samar. Hakanan, ta ɗauki hutu daga talabijin don gwada hannayenta a cikin OTT ta gajerun fina-finai da jerin gidan yanar gizo. == Kyauta == Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo don ɗan gajeren fim - ''Living Idle'' .<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopal |first=B. Madhu |date=12 February 2018 |title=Accolades for Living Idle |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/accolades-for-living-idle/article22724457.ece |access-date=9 January 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=A successful short |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/310118/a-successful-short.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> == Filmography == * ''Duk ayyukan suna cikin Hindi, sai dai in an ambata akasin haka.'' === Wasan kwaikwayo na TV === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2010-11 | ''Maati ki Banno'' | Sunana | Launuka TV | |- | 2011 | ''Maayke Se Bandhi Dor'' | Anju | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014 | ''Rangrasiya'' | Maithili Ranavat | Launuka TV | |- | 2015 | ''Ek Lakshya'' | Sakshi | Doordarshan | |- | 2016 | ''Diya Aur Baati Hum'' | Shilpi | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2016-17 | ''Chandranandini'' | Maharani Sunanda | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014-2015 | ''Balka Vadhu'' | Sona | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Najin 3'' | Amrita | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Prithvi Vallabh'' | Rani Lakshmi | Sony TV | |- | 2019 | ''Aghori'' | Dravya | Zee TV | |- | 2020 | ''Kartik Purnima'' | Beena | Star Bharat | |- | 2020-2021 | ''Kundali Bhagya'' | Ramona Khanna | Zee TV | |- | 2023- Yanzu | ''Happu Ki Ultan Paltan'' | Rajesh Singh | Kuma TV | <ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-geetanjali-mishra-replaces-kamna-pathak-to-play-the-new-rajesh-in-happu-ki-ultan-paltan/amp_articleshow/100766888.cms]</ref> |- |} === Crime TV Series === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2011-2021 | ''Masu sintiri na laifuka'' | Meenakshi (Boye Gaskiya Episode 872,873) / Sudha Malik (Hisaab 750,751) | Sony TV | |- | 2014-2018 | ''Savdhaan India'' | Dr. Rohini (Episode 76) / Karuna (Episode 525) / Nakshatra Pandey (Episode 1001) / Drishti (Episode 1135) / Rajni (Episode 1497) / Lata (1831) | Rayuwa lafiya | |- |} === Fina-finai da Gidan Yanar Gizo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Matsayi ! Harshe ! Fim/Jerin Yanar Gizo ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | ''Nirdosh'' | Maid Laxmi Bai | Hindi | Fim | |- | 2020 | ''Ludo'' | Sambhavi | Hindi | Fim | Netflix |- | 2020 | ''Abhay Season 2'' | Shalini | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | ZEE5 asalin |- | rowspan="2" | 2023 | Virodh | Hemlata | Hindi/haryanvi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | MX Player |- | ''Kafa'' | Priya | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | SonyLIV |} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Geetanjali Mishra on Facebook == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] eru7fuik4sijz3ciwkamfm7ti014cyk 823672 823671 2026-04-21T15:31:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 823672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Geetanjali Mishra''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Indiya wacce ke fitowa a gidan talabijin [[Harshen Hindu|na Hindi]], jerin gidan yanar gizo da fina-finai. An kuma san ta da aikinta a cikin jerin gidan yanar gizon Mx Player's Virodh<ref>{{Cite web |title=MX Player’s new original series Virodh blends crime, sports and romance |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/mx-players-new-original-series-virodh-blends-crime-sports-and-romance/cid/1925847 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> ''Kundali Bhagya'' A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, Mishra ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu na.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=I am scared of my mother-in-law: Geetanjali Mishra - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Geetanjali-Mishra-says-she-is-scared-of-her-mother-in-law/articleshow/35198110.cms |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में पिछले 10 सालों से कर रहीं निगेटिव रोल, जानिए कौन हैं गीतांजली मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-starcast-know-all-about-fees-income-salary-networth-and-personal-life-of-actress-gitanjali-mishra/1520506/ |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> == Sana'a/Aikin yi == Duk da yin aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban a matsayin manyan haruffa, ta tashi don shahara saboda yawan haruffanta a cikin ''Patrol Crime'' .<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में निगेटिव रोल ने दिलाई शोहरत, बड़े पर्दे पर भी कमाल दिखा रही हैं गीतांजलि मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-fame-gitanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-family-networth-income-fees-now-actress-perform-in-ludo/1578380/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha takwas 2018, ta kuma taka rawar gani Lakshmi a cikin ''Prithvi Vallabh'' da Amrita a cikin ''Naagin 3.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2020 |title=Crime Patrol फेम गीतांजलि मिश्रा ने कभी एक्ट्रेस बनने का सोचा भी नहीं था, यूं बदली किस्मत |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/geetanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-husband-family-networth-income-fees-know-all-about-sony-tv-crime-patrol-actress/1587579/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, ta yi tauraro a cikin''Aghori'' kamar yadda Dravya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu da ZEE5 na Season 2 .Har ila yau kuma, ta yi bayyanar zomaye a cikin wannan shekara. Mahira, Ramona Khanna a ''Kundali Bhagya'' [[Fayil:Geetanjali.Mishra.jpg|thumb|Geetanjali Mishra]] A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da ɗaya 2021, Geetanjali Mishra ya binciko sabon sararin sama ta hanyar bidiyon kiɗan "Dunaali" tare da MD Desi Rockstar. A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyu 2022, Geetanjali ya sake fitowa a matsayin babban jagora a cikin wani bidiyon kiɗan "Jodi" tare da MD Desi Rockstar, wanda Celeb Connex ya samar. Hakanan, ta ɗauki hutu daga talabijin don gwada hannayenta a cikin OTT ta gajerun fina-finai da jerin gidan yanar gizo. == Kyauta == Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo don ɗan gajeren fim - ''Living Idle'' .<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopal |first=B. Madhu |date=12 February 2018 |title=Accolades for Living Idle |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/accolades-for-living-idle/article22724457.ece |access-date=9 January 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=A successful short |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/310118/a-successful-short.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> == Filmography == * ''Duk ayyukan suna cikin Hindi, sai dai in an ambata akasin haka.'' === Wasan kwaikwayo na TV === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2010-11 | ''Maati ki Banno'' | Sunana | Launuka TV | |- | 2011 | ''Maayke Se Bandhi Dor'' | Anju | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014 | ''Rangrasiya'' | Maithili Ranavat | Launuka TV | |- | 2015 | ''Ek Lakshya'' | Sakshi | Doordarshan | |- | 2016 | ''Diya Aur Baati Hum'' | Shilpi | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2016-17 | ''Chandranandini'' | Maharani Sunanda | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014-2015 | ''Balka Vadhu'' | Sona | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Najin 3'' | Amrita | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Prithvi Vallabh'' | Rani Lakshmi | Sony TV | |- | 2019 | ''Aghori'' | Dravya | Zee TV | |- | 2020 | ''Kartik Purnima'' | Beena | Star Bharat | |- | 2020-2021 | ''Kundali Bhagya'' | Ramona Khanna | Zee TV | |- | 2023- Yanzu | ''Happu Ki Ultan Paltan'' | Rajesh Singh | Kuma TV | <ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-geetanjali-mishra-replaces-kamna-pathak-to-play-the-new-rajesh-in-happu-ki-ultan-paltan/amp_articleshow/100766888.cms]</ref> |- |} === Crime TV Series === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2011-2021 | ''Masu sintiri na laifuka'' | Meenakshi (Boye Gaskiya Episode 872,873) / Sudha Malik (Hisaab 750,751) | Sony TV | |- | 2014-2018 | ''Savdhaan India'' | Dr. Rohini (Episode 76) / Karuna (Episode 525) / Nakshatra Pandey (Episode 1001) / Drishti (Episode 1135) / Rajni (Episode 1497) / Lata (1831) | Rayuwa lafiya | |- |} === Fina-finai da Gidan Yanar Gizo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Matsayi ! Harshe ! Fim/Jerin Yanar Gizo ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | ''Nirdosh'' | Maid Laxmi Bai | Hindi | Fim | |- | 2020 | ''Ludo'' | Sambhavi | Hindi | Fim | Netflix |- | 2020 | ''Abhay Season 2'' | Shalini | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | ZEE5 asalin |- | rowspan="2" | 2023 | Virodh | Hemlata | Hindi/haryanvi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | MX Player |- | ''Kafa'' | Priya | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | SonyLIV |} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Geetanjali Mishra on Facebook == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] rhzbj5r0k5b1stoqspuhgsga4pssnqs 823673 823672 2026-04-21T15:36:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 823673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Geetanjali Mishra''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Indiya wacce ke fitowa a gidan talabijin [[Harshen Hindu|na Hindi]], jerin gidan yanar gizo da fina-finai. An kuma san ta da aikinta a cikin jerin gidan yanar gizon Mx Player's Virodh<ref>{{Cite web |title=MX Player’s new original series Virodh blends crime, sports and romance |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/mx-players-new-original-series-virodh-blends-crime-sports-and-romance/cid/1925847 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> ''Kundali Bhagya'' A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, Mishra ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu na.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=I am scared of my mother-in-law: Geetanjali Mishra - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Geetanjali-Mishra-says-she-is-scared-of-her-mother-in-law/articleshow/35198110.cms |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में पिछले 10 सालों से कर रहीं निगेटिव रोल, जानिए कौन हैं गीतांजली मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-starcast-know-all-about-fees-income-salary-networth-and-personal-life-of-actress-gitanjali-mishra/1520506/ |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> == Sana'a/Aikin yi == Duk da yin aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban a matsayin manyan haruffa, ta tashi don shahara saboda yawan haruffanta a cikin ''Patrol Crime'' .<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में निगेटिव रोल ने दिलाई शोहरत, बड़े पर्दे पर भी कमाल दिखा रही हैं गीतांजलि मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-fame-gitanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-family-networth-income-fees-now-actress-perform-in-ludo/1578380/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha takwas 2018, ta kuma taka rawar gani Lakshmi a cikin ''Prithvi Vallabh'' da Amrita a cikin ''Naagin 3.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2020 |title=Crime Patrol फेम गीतांजलि मिश्रा ने कभी एक्ट्रेस बनने का सोचा भी नहीं था, यूं बदली किस्मत |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/geetanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-husband-family-networth-income-fees-know-all-about-sony-tv-crime-patrol-actress/1587579/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, ta yi tauraro a cikin''Aghori'' kamar yadda Dravya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu da ZEE5 na Season 2 .Har ila yau kuma, ta yi bayyanar zomaye a cikin wannan shekara. Mahira, Ramona Khanna a ''Kundali Bhagya'' [[Fayil:Geetanjali.Mishra.jpg|thumb|Geetanjali Mishra]] A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da ɗaya 2021, Geetanjali Mishra ya binciko sabon sararin sama ta hanyar bidiyon kiɗan "Dunaali" tare da MD Desi Rockstar. A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyu 2022, Geetanjali ya sake fitowa a matsayin babban jagora a cikin wani bidiyon kiɗan "Jodi" tare da MD Desi Rockstar, wanda Celeb Connex ya samar. Hakanan, ta ɗauki hutu daga talabijin don gwada hannayenta a cikin OTT ta gajerun fina-finai da jerin gidan yanar gizo. == Kyauta == Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo don ɗan gajeren fim - ''Living Idle'' .<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopal |first=B. Madhu |date=12 February 2018 |title=Accolades for Living Idle |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/accolades-for-living-idle/article22724457.ece |access-date=9 January 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=A successful short |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/310118/a-successful-short.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> == Filmography == * ''Duk ayyukan suna cikin Hindi, sai dai in an ambata akasin haka.'' === Wasan kwaikwayo na TV === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2010-11 | ''Maati ki Banno'' | Sunana | Launuka TV | |- | 2011 | ''Maayke Se Bandhi Dor'' | Anju | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014 | ''Rangrasiya'' | Maithili Ranavat | Launuka TV | |- | 2015 | ''Ek Lakshya'' | Sakshi | Doordarshan | |- | 2016 | ''Diya Aur Baati Hum'' | Shilpi | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2016-17 | ''Chandranandini'' | Maharani Sunanda | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014-2015 | ''Balka Vadhu'' | Sona | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Najin 3'' | Amrita | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Prithvi Vallabh'' | Rani Lakshmi | Sony TV | |- | 2019 | ''Aghori'' | Dravya | Zee TV | |- | 2020 | ''Kartik Purnima'' | Beena | Star Bharat | |- | 2020-2021 | ''Kundali Bhagya'' | Ramona Khanna | Zee TV | |- | 2023- Yanzu | ''Happu Ki Ultan Paltan'' | Rajesh Singh | Kuma TV | <ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-geetanjali-mishra-replaces-kamna-pathak-to-play-the-new-rajesh-in-happu-ki-ultan-paltan/amp_articleshow/100766888.cms]</ref> |- |} === Crime TV Series === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2011-2021 | ''Masu sintiri na laifuka'' | Meenakshi (Boye Gaskiya Episode 872,873) / Sudha Malik (Hisaab 750,751) | Sony TV | |- | 2014-2018 | ''Savdhaan India'' | Dr. Rohini (Episode 76) / Karuna (Episode 525) / Nakshatra Pandey (Episode 1001) / Drishti (Episode 1135) / Rajni (Episode 1497) / Lata (1831) | Rayuwa lafiya | |- |} === Fina-finai da Gidan Yanar Gizo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Matsayi ! Harshe ! Fim/Jerin Yanar Gizo ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | ''Nirdosh'' | Maid Laxmi Bai | Hindi | Fim | |- | 2020 | ''Ludo'' | Sambhavi | Hindi | Fim | Netflix |- | 2020 | ''Abhay Season 2'' | Shalini | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | ZEE5 asalin |- | rowspan="2" | 2023 | Virodh | Hemlata | Hindi/haryanvi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | MX Player |- | ''Kafa'' | Priya | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | SonyLIV |} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Geetanjali Mishra on Facebook == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] kqj6t08jordi5cvkkfcht9f0uhsv8zv 823674 823673 2026-04-21T15:37:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 823674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Geetanjali Mishra''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Indiya wacce ke fitowa a gidan talabijin [[Harshen Hindu|na Hindi]], jerin gidan yanar gizo da fina-finai. An kuma san ta da aikinta a cikin jerin gidan yanar gizon Mx Player's Virodh<ref>{{Cite web |title=MX Player’s new original series Virodh blends crime, sports and romance |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/mx-players-new-original-series-virodh-blends-crime-sports-and-romance/cid/1925847 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> ''Kundali Bhagya'' A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, Mishra ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu na.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=I am scared of my mother-in-law: Geetanjali Mishra - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Geetanjali-Mishra-says-she-is-scared-of-her-mother-in-law/articleshow/35198110.cms |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में पिछले 10 सालों से कर रहीं निगेटिव रोल, जानिए कौन हैं गीतांजली मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-starcast-know-all-about-fees-income-salary-networth-and-personal-life-of-actress-gitanjali-mishra/1520506/ |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> == Sana'a/Aikin yi == Duk da yin aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban a matsayin manyan haruffa, ta tashi don shahara saboda yawan haruffanta a cikin ''Patrol Crime'' .<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में निगेटिव रोल ने दिलाई शोहरत, बड़े पर्दे पर भी कमाल दिखा रही हैं गीतांजलि मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-fame-gitanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-family-networth-income-fees-now-actress-perform-in-ludo/1578380/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha takwas 2018, ta kuma taka rawar gani Lakshmi a cikin ''Prithvi Vallabh'' da Amrita a cikin ''Naagin 3.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2020 |title=Crime Patrol फेम गीतांजलि मिश्रा ने कभी एक्ट्रेस बनने का सोचा भी नहीं था, यूं बदली किस्मत |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/geetanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-husband-family-networth-income-fees-know-all-about-sony-tv-crime-patrol-actress/1587579/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, ta yi tauraro a cikin''Aghori'' kamar yadda Dravya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu da ZEE5 na Season 2 .Har ila yau kuma, ta yi bayyanar zomaye a cikin wannan shekara. Mahira, Ramona Khanna a ''Kundali Bhagya'' [[Fayil:Geetanjali.Mishra.jpg|thumb|Geetanjali Mishra]] A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da ɗaya 2021, Geetanjali Mishra ya binciko sabon sararin sama ta hanyar bidiyon kiɗan "Dunaali" tare da MD Desi Rockstar. A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyu 2022, Geetanjali ya sake fitowa a matsayin babban jagora a cikin wani bidiyon kiɗan "Jodi" tare da MD Desi Rockstar, wanda Celeb Connex ya samar. Hakanan, ta ɗauki hutu daga talabijin don gwada hannayenta a cikin OTT ta gajerun fina-finai da jerin gidan yanar gizo. == Kyauta == Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo don ɗan gajeren fim - ''Living Idle''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopal |first=B. Madhu |date=12 February 2018 |title=Accolades for Living Idle |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/accolades-for-living-idle/article22724457.ece |access-date=9 January 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=A successful short |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/310118/a-successful-short.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> == Filmography == * ''Duk ayyukan suna cikin Hindi, sai dai in an ambata akasin haka.'' === Wasan kwaikwayo na TV === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2010-11 | ''Maati ki Banno'' | Sunana | Launuka TV | |- | 2011 | ''Maayke Se Bandhi Dor'' | Anju | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014 | ''Rangrasiya'' | Maithili Ranavat | Launuka TV | |- | 2015 | ''Ek Lakshya'' | Sakshi | Doordarshan | |- | 2016 | ''Diya Aur Baati Hum'' | Shilpi | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2016-17 | ''Chandranandini'' | Maharani Sunanda | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014-2015 | ''Balka Vadhu'' | Sona | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Najin 3'' | Amrita | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Prithvi Vallabh'' | Rani Lakshmi | Sony TV | |- | 2019 | ''Aghori'' | Dravya | Zee TV | |- | 2020 | ''Kartik Purnima'' | Beena | Star Bharat | |- | 2020-2021 | ''Kundali Bhagya'' | Ramona Khanna | Zee TV | |- | 2023- Yanzu | ''Happu Ki Ultan Paltan'' | Rajesh Singh | Kuma TV | <ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-geetanjali-mishra-replaces-kamna-pathak-to-play-the-new-rajesh-in-happu-ki-ultan-paltan/amp_articleshow/100766888.cms]</ref> |- |} === Crime TV Series === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2011-2021 | ''Masu sintiri na laifuka'' | Meenakshi (Boye Gaskiya Episode 872,873) / Sudha Malik (Hisaab 750,751) | Sony TV | |- | 2014-2018 | ''Savdhaan India'' | Dr. Rohini (Episode 76) / Karuna (Episode 525) / Nakshatra Pandey (Episode 1001) / Drishti (Episode 1135) / Rajni (Episode 1497) / Lata (1831) | Rayuwa lafiya | |- |} === Fina-finai da Gidan Yanar Gizo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Matsayi ! Harshe ! Fim/Jerin Yanar Gizo ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | ''Nirdosh'' | Maid Laxmi Bai | Hindi | Fim | |- | 2020 | ''Ludo'' | Sambhavi | Hindi | Fim | Netflix |- | 2020 | ''Abhay Season 2'' | Shalini | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | ZEE5 asalin |- | rowspan="2" | 2023 | Virodh | Hemlata | Hindi/haryanvi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | MX Player |- | ''Kafa'' | Priya | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | SonyLIV |} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Geetanjali Mishra on Facebook == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] i331xe3rbpjlh54tcigqw908tpkechs 823675 823674 2026-04-21T15:37:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 823675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Geetanjali Mishra''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Indiya wacce ke fitowa a gidan talabijin [[Harshen Hindu|na Hindi]], jerin gidan yanar gizo da fina-finai. An kuma san ta da aikinta a cikin jerin gidan yanar gizon Mx Player's Virodh<ref>{{Cite web |title=MX Player’s new original series Virodh blends crime, sports and romance |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/mx-players-new-original-series-virodh-blends-crime-sports-and-romance/cid/1925847 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> ''Kundali Bhagya'' A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, Mishra ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu na.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=I am scared of my mother-in-law: Geetanjali Mishra - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Geetanjali-Mishra-says-she-is-scared-of-her-mother-in-law/articleshow/35198110.cms |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में पिछले 10 सालों से कर रहीं निगेटिव रोल, जानिए कौन हैं गीतांजली मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-starcast-know-all-about-fees-income-salary-networth-and-personal-life-of-actress-gitanjali-mishra/1520506/ |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> == Sana'a/Aikin yi == Duk da yin aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban a matsayin manyan haruffa, ta tashi don shahara saboda yawan haruffanta a cikin ''Patrol Crime'' .<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2020 |title=Crime Patrol में निगेटिव रोल ने दिलाई शोहरत, बड़े पर्दे पर भी कमाल दिखा रही हैं गीतांजलि मिश्रा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/crime-patrol-fame-gitanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-family-networth-income-fees-now-actress-perform-in-ludo/1578380/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha takwas 2018, ta kuma taka rawar gani Lakshmi a cikin ''Prithvi Vallabh'' da Amrita a cikin ''Naagin 3.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2020 |title=Crime Patrol फेम गीतांजलि मिश्रा ने कभी एक्ट्रेस बनने का सोचा भी नहीं था, यूं बदली किस्मत |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/geetanjali-mishra-wiki-bio-age-husband-family-networth-income-fees-know-all-about-sony-tv-crime-patrol-actress/1587579/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha tara 2019, ta yi tauraro a cikin''Aghori'' kamar yadda Dravya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolling the dice: 'Crime Patrol' girl Geetanjali Mishra, enters the big league with Ludo |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/29/rolling-the-dice-crime-patrol-girl-geetanjali-mishra-enters-the-big-league-with-ludo-2228728.html |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhasin |first=Shriya |date=5 October 2020 |title=TV actress Geetanjali Mishra joins cast of Anurag Basu's upcoming film 'Ludo' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/tv-actress-geetanjali-mishra-joins-cast-of-anurag-basu-s-upcoming-film-ludo-654507 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020, ta fito a cikin fim ɗin Anurag Basu da ZEE5 na Season 2 .Har ila yau kuma, ta yi bayyanar zomaye a cikin wannan shekara. Mahira, Ramona Khanna a ''Kundali Bhagya'' [[Fayil:Geetanjali.Mishra.jpg|thumb|Geetanjali Mishra]] A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da ɗaya 2021, Geetanjali Mishra ya binciko sabon sararin sama ta hanyar bidiyon kiɗan "Dunaali" tare da MD Desi Rockstar. A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyu 2022, Geetanjali ya sake fitowa a matsayin babban jagora a cikin wani bidiyon kiɗan "Jodi" tare da MD Desi Rockstar, wanda Celeb Connex ya samar. Hakanan, ta ɗauki hutu daga talabijin don gwada hannayenta a cikin OTT ta gajerun fina-finai da jerin gidan yanar gizo. == Kyauta == Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo don ɗan gajeren fim - ''Living Idle''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopal |first=B. Madhu |date=12 February 2018 |title=Accolades for Living Idle |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/accolades-for-living-idle/article22724457.ece |access-date=9 January 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=A successful short |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/310118/a-successful-short.html |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> == Filmography == * ''Duk ayyukan suna cikin Hindi, sai dai in an ambata akasin haka.'' === Wasan kwaikwayo na TV === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2010-11 | ''Maati ki Banno'' | Sunana | Launuka TV | |- | 2011 | ''Maayke Se Bandhi Dor'' | Anju | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014 | ''Rangrasiya'' | Maithili Ranavat | Launuka TV | |- | 2015 | ''Ek Lakshya'' | Sakshi | Doordarshan | |- | 2016 | ''Diya Aur Baati Hum'' | Shilpi | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2016-17 | ''Chandranandini'' | Maharani Sunanda | Tauraruwa Plus | |- | 2014-2015 | ''Balka Vadhu'' | Sona | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Najin 3'' | Amrita | Launuka TV | |- | 2018 | ''Prithvi Vallabh'' | Rani Lakshmi | Sony TV | |- | 2019 | ''Aghori'' | Dravya | Zee TV | |- | 2020 | ''Kartik Purnima'' | Beena | Star Bharat | |- | 2020-2021 | ''Kundali Bhagya'' | Ramona Khanna | Zee TV | |- | 2023- Yanzu | ''Happu Ki Ultan Paltan'' | Rajesh Singh | Kuma TV | <ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-geetanjali-mishra-replaces-kamna-pathak-to-play-the-new-rajesh-in-happu-ki-ultan-paltan/amp_articleshow/100766888.cms]</ref> |- |} === Crime TV Series === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Nuna ! Hali ! Tashoshi ! Ref |- | 2011-2021 | ''Masu sintiri na laifuka'' | Meenakshi (Boye Gaskiya Episode 872,873) / Sudha Malik (Hisaab 750,751) | Sony TV | |- | 2014-2018 | ''Savdhaan India'' | Dr. Rohini (Episode 76) / Karuna (Episode 525) / Nakshatra Pandey (Episode 1001) / Drishti (Episode 1135) / Rajni (Episode 1497) / Lata (1831) | Rayuwa lafiya | |- |} === Fina-finai da Gidan Yanar Gizo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Take ! Matsayi ! Harshe ! Fim/Jerin Yanar Gizo ! Bayanan kula |- | 2018 | ''Nirdosh'' | Maid Laxmi Bai | Hindi | Fim | |- | 2020 | ''Ludo'' | Sambhavi | Hindi | Fim | Netflix |- | 2020 | ''Abhay Season 2'' | Shalini | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | ZEE5 asalin |- | rowspan="2" | 2023 | Virodh | Hemlata | Hindi/haryanvi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | MX Player |- | ''Kafa'' | Priya | Hindi | Jerin Yanar Gizo | SonyLIV |} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Geetanjali Mishra on Facebook == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 1ux6intl4bnse4duk50dv574vn0acjw 0 69116 823692 372527 2026-04-21T15:47:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 823692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Khamsa''''' fim ne na shekarar 2008. == Takaitaccen bayani == Bayan ya gudu daga dangin da suka yi renonsa, Khamsa ya koma sansanin gypsy inda aka haife shi shekaru goma sha ɗaya da suka wuce. Tare da ɗan uwansa, Tony "The Midget", Khamsa yana mafarkin samun Arziki. Babu wani abu da alama ya canza tun lokacin da ya tafi, wasannin katin. Ba jimawa suka daga fara satar babur zuwa fashi da makami. ==Hanyoyin Hadi na waje== * {{IMDb title|1280566}} * {{Hujja}} [[Category:Fim]] pkf08r9chskxw1cq70uv0rv4huwqycz 823693 823692 2026-04-21T15:47:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 823693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Khamsa''''' fim ne na shekarar 2008. == Takaitaccen bayani == Bayan ya gudu daga dangin da suka yi renonsa, Khamsa ya koma sansanin gypsy inda aka haife shi shekaru goma sha ɗaya da suka wuce. Tare da ɗan uwansa, Tony "The Midget", Khamsa yana mafarkin samun Arziki. Babu wani abu da alama ya canza tun lokacin da ya tafi, wasannin katin. Ba jimawa suka daga fara satar babur zuwa fashi da makami. ==Hanyoyin Hadi na waje== * {{IMDb title|1280566}} * {{Stub}}{{Hujja}} [[Category:Fim]] 1ie5o73ly9o2lezi63o31ut7g6gukv5 0 69586 823910 385715 2026-04-22T03:59:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Yewendoch Guday''''' ( {{Lang-am|የወንዶች ጉዳይ}} ) wani fim ne na wasan barkwanci na soyayya na ƙasar Habasha a shekarar 2007 wanda Henok Ayele ya ba da Umarni kuma kamfanin Arkey Sera Production ya shirya.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thomas|first=Steven W.|date=2020|title=Theorizing Globalization in Ethiopia's Movie Industry|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/757021|journal=Black Camera|volume=11|issue=2|pages=60–84|doi=10.2979/blackcamera.11.2.04 |s2cid=219884402 |issn=1947-4237}}</ref> Fim ɗin ya yi nasara a cikin gida ƙasar, kuma ya sami manyan masu kallo a gidajen sinima na ƙasa jim kaɗan bayan fitowar shi a ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu 2007. Taurarin shirin sun haɗa da Admassu Kebede da Rekik Teshome, labarin ya ta’allaka ne kan rayuwar kafinta Amero, wanda ya ci amanar tsohuwar budurwarsa, kuma daga baya ya ci karo da soyayyar wata Helena, wacce a kullum ta dame shi cikin halin almubazzaranci.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-10|title=Yewendoch Guday 1- Ethiopian Romantic Comedy Film|url=https://www.yegnatimes.com/2020/02/10/yewendoch-guday-1-ethiopian-romantic-comedy-film/|access-date=2022-01-12|website=YegnaTimes|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113093051/https://www.yegnatimes.com/2020/02/10/yewendoch-guday-1-ethiopian-romantic-comedy-film/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Makirci == Amero, fitaccen kafinta, yana zaune ne da abokan aikinsu su bakwai, wato Tejo, Solomon, Qecho, Tewedros, Emushu, da Zerihun a kamfanin katako a ƙarƙashin maigidansu Mista Ketema. Amero ya rasa tsohuwar budurwarsa wadda ta ci amanarsa kuma ta koma ga wani mutum, amma ya cika alƙawarin halartar bikin aurensu. A cikin tsarin bikin aure, Amero tare da abokansa sun yanke shawarar rama masa ta hanyar lalata tsarin, duk da haka wani lokaci ya sami Helina a bikin aure, tare da kawarta Martha. A asirce, yana son faranta mata rai, kuma suna soyayya. Amero da abokinsa sun kafa ƙawancen mazaje, wanda tun farko da nufin tattauna ayyukan jima'i da ƙungiyar ta ci karo da su, amma kuma don zaluntar Helena da Martha. Amero ya yi ƙoƙari ya kwana da Helena amma dukansu da son ransu sun kawo cikas ga wasan kwaikwayo, wanda abokansa suka yi rikodin ta wayar hannu kuma wayar ta dauke ba zato ba tsammani, ba tare da jin ƙarshen su ba. Washegari, abokansa suka tarbe Amero don ya ba da labarin abin da ya faru tun daga farko, amma Amero ya ce bai sumbace ta ba, wanda hakan ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi. A wani hannun kuma, Helena ta so ta zambatar Amero don abin da ba a so; da farko ta ba da umarnin a ba da abin hannu mai tsada. Ana cikin haka sai abokansa suka yi yunƙurin yi mata sata, ba tare da sanin Aimro ba. Wani abin hannu (sarƙa), amma ta hanyar musanyawa tare da jabu, tana son wahalar da shi. Da zarar ya gayyace ta a otal, Helena da gangan ta lalatar da dukiya, da murƙushe madubi da kwalbar giya domin ta sami damar yi masa almubazzaranci. Hankalin Helena ya zama mai tsanani kowace rana, kuma a ƙarshe Helena ta zargi Amero da ƙaryar yaudarar bata sarƙar jabu ta bar shi. Amero ya baci, sannan ya yanke shawarar yin ritaya daga aikinsa. A karo na ƙarshe, Amero ya tabbatar da shawararsa na barin ta na din-din-din, bayan haka ta yi nadama a kunyace. A bangare na ƙarshe, Helena ta tuntuɓi mai aikin katako kuma ta zaɓi Amero ya zana kayan daki a cikin ɗakin kwananta domin ta tunkare shi a hankali duk da cewa ya raina ta. Bayan isa wurin aiki, Helena ta fara raba hankalin ma'aikatan wurin aiki ta hanyar buga kofa da karfi da kuma korar abokan Amero har sai da iske shi a cikin sito. Helena ta nemi soyayya kuma rikicin ya ƙare lokacin da ta kama wani katako don buga shi kuma suka rungumi juna cikin soyayya, tare da abokai suna rera waƙa ga ma'auratan. == Ƴan wasan shirin == * Admasu Kebede a matsayin Amero * Rekik Teshome a matsayin Helena * Shewit Kebede as Martha * Michael Million a matsayin Solomon * Tewodros Seyoum a matsayin kansa * Zerihun Asmamaw a matsayin kansa * Wesagn-Neh Hailu a matsayin Emushu * Mesfin Haileyesus a matsayin Tejo * Elsabeth Getachew a matsayin Qecho * Shewaferaw Desalegn a matsayin Mista Ketema * Meron Habte a matsayin Amy == Mabiyi == A cikin 2009, <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=17–41}}</ref> an fitar da jerin fina-finai masu suna ''Yewendoch Guday 2'' tare da ba da Umarni, rubuce-rubuce da wasan kwaikwayo ta Admasu Kebede, yayin da Michael Million ya sake fitowa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yewondoch GudayII|url=https://www.ethiopianfilminitiative.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=221:yewondoch-guday-sp-12571&catid=62&Itemid=107|access-date=2022-01-12|website=www.ethiopianfilminitiative.org}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=February 16, 2022|title=Yewendoch Guday II|url=http://habeshafilms.com/movie.php?mId=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213045515/http://habeshafilms.com/movie.php?mId=2|archive-date=December 13, 2010|access-date=|website=Habesha Films}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ==Hanyoyin Hadi na waje== * {{IMDb title|tt13710236}} [[Category:Fim]] ixzkhe3btventskj3hnh9ee6lpql0sd 0 70669 823883 534045 2026-04-22T00:05:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language|date=2007 census}} '''Bussa''', ko '''Mossiya''', yare ne na Cushitic da ake magana a cikin Dirashe na musamman woreda na Kudancin Al'ummai, Kasashe, da Yankin Jama'a da ke kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Mutanen da kansu, wadanda suka kai 18,000 bisa ga ƙididdigar shekara ta 2007, suna kiran yarensu ''Mos'' ''sittaata''. Blench shekarar (2006) ya sake rarraba Bussa daga Dullay zuwa Konsoid reshen Cushitic, amma ya bar Mashole, Lohu, da Dobase (D'oopace, D'opaasunte) a cikin Dullay a matsayin [[Harshe Dobase|harshen Dobase]]. Yana ɗaukar Mashile (Mashelle) a matsayin yare dabam a cikin Konsoid. <ref>Blench, 2006. [http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203055600/http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf |date=2024-12-03 }} (ms)</ref> Harsunan Cushitic da Omotic da ke kewaye da Bussa suna da tasiri sosai kuma ya kamata a yi la'akari da su cikin haɗari a cewar Gurmu shekar (2005). Masu magana da nau'ikan Bussa na Arewa suna canzawa zuwa Oromo, Dirasha ko Amharic, yayin da masu magana da harshen Bussa iri-iri suna canzawa zuwa harsunan Omotic Zargulla, Zayse da Gamo . Muhimman abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban harshe sun haɗa da auratayya da wasu ƙabilun da kuma cudanya da mutane makwabta. == Manazarta == * Gurmu, Alemayehu [2005] 'Wasu Bayanan kula game da Al'amuran Harshen Zamantakewa na Bussa' (takardar da ba a buga ba da aka gabatar a ''taron kasa da kasa kan Harsunan Habasha da ke cikin hadari'', Addis Ababa 27-30 Afrilu 2005) * Wedekind, Klaus (ed.) (2002) 'Rahoton binciken zamantakewa na harsunan Gawwada (Dullay), Diraasha (Gidole), Muusiye (Bussa) yankunan.' [http://www.sil.org/silesr/abstract.asp?ref=2002-065 Rahoton SIL Electronic Survey 2002-065] . == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{Reflist}} ibfq67thyhd9638aofthnedhnqfglk5 0 71136 823896 582024 2026-04-22T00:49:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823896 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Proto-Niger–Congo''' shine hasashe da aka sake ginawa na yaren da aka tsara na [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|dangin yaren Nijar-Congo]] . == Tabbatacce == Ba kamar Nilo-Saharan ba, ƙwararrun harsunan Nijar-Congo na samun karɓuwa daga manyan masana harsuna da ƴan Afirka. [[Harsunan Atlantic-Congo|Atlantic–Congo]] (kusan Nijar – Kongo amma ban da Mande, Kru, Siamou, Kordofanian, [[Dogon harsuna|Dogon]] da [[Harsunan Ijoid]] ) ''Glottolog'' 4.4 ta karbe shi. == Asalin == {{Reflist}} Blench (2006, 2016 <ref>Blench, Roger. 2016. [https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/discussions/Can_we_visit_the_graves_of_the_first_Niger.pdf Can we visit the graves of the first Niger-Congo speakers?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315144849/https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/discussions/Can_we_visit_the_graves_of_the_first_Niger.pdf |date=2024-03-15 }}. Paper presented for the 2nd International Congress "[https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/index.html Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104071543/https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/index.html |date=2024-01-04 }}", Paris, 1-3 September, 2016.</ref> ) ya ba da shawarar cewa Proto-Niger-Congo ya samo asali ne kimanin shekaru 11-10,000 kafin yanzu a yammacin " Koren Sahara " na Afirka (kusan [[Sahel]] da kudancin [[Sahara]] ), da kuma cewa Ana iya danganta tarwatsewarta tare da yaduwar baka da kibiya ta hanyar ƙaura mafarauta . == Fassarar sauti == === Sautuna === Larry Hyman (2016) ya sake gina sautunan matakan daidaitawa guda biyu don Proto-Niger – Kongo, waɗanda sune: <ref>Hyman, Larry. 2016. [https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/presentations/Hyman%20Paris%20Niger-Congo%20HO2.pdf Can we visit the graves of the first Niger-Congo speakers?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205172353/https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/presentations/Hyman%20Paris%20Niger-Congo%20HO2.pdf |date=2023-12-05 }}. Paper presented for the 2nd International Congress "[https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/index.html On Reconstructing Tone in Proto-Niger-Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104071543/https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/index.html |date=2024-01-04 }}", Paris, 1-3 September, 2016.</ref> * *H (sauti mai girma) * * L (ƙananan sautin) === Sillabi tsarin === Proto-Niger–Congo ana ɗauka bisa al'ada cewa yana da tsarin tushen disyllabic kama da na Proto-Bantu, wato (C)V-CVCV <ref name="BlenchWrong" /> ( Williamson 2000, <ref>Williamson, Kay. 2000. Proto-Niger-Congo. In: H. Ekkehard Wolff, Orin D. Gensler (eds). ''Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress of African Linguistics, Leipzig 1997'', pp.49-70. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. ISBN 9783896451248.</ref> da sauransu). Duk da haka, Roger Blench (2016) ya ba da shawarar tsarin trisyllabic (CVCVCV) don tushen Proto-Niger-Congo, <ref name="BlenchWrong">Blench, Roger. 2016. [https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/presentations/Blench-NC%20three%20consonant%20roots.pdf Supposing we have been completely wrong about the shape of early Niger-Congo roots?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205172352/https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/presentations/Blench-NC%20three%20consonant%20roots.pdf |date=2023-12-05 }}. Paper presented for the 2nd International Congress "[https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/index.html Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104071543/https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/index.html |date=2024-01-04 }}", Paris, 1-3 September, 2016.</ref> yayin da Konstantin Pozdniakov (2016) ya nuna cewa babban tsarin tsarin Proto-Niger-Congo shine * CVC, tare da shi. tare da disyllabic, trisyllabic, da sauran bambancin. <ref>Pozdniakov, Konstantin. 2016. [https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/presentations/pozdniakov-word_structure.pptx Proto-Niger-Congo root structures]{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Paper presented for the 2nd International Congress "[https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/index.html On Reconstructing Tone in Proto-Niger-Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104071543/https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/index.html |date=2024-01-04 }}", Paris, 1-3 September, 2016.</ref> == Ilimin Halitta == === Darasi na suna === Za a iya sake gina azuzuwan suna don Proto-Niger-Congo. Sunan ajin prefixes a cikin Proto-Niger–Congo sun haɗa da: * ''suna class 1'' : prefix for human singular * ''suna class 2'' : prefix for human plural * ''suna class 6A'' : prefix for liquid and mass nouns ("uncountables") A ƙasa akwai alamun ajin suna Neja-Congo (Good 2020:145, <ref name="Good">Good, Jeff. 2020. Niger-Congo, with a special focus on Benue-Congo. In: Vossen, Rainer and Gerrit J. Dimmendaal (eds.). 2020. ''The Oxford Handbook of African Languages'', pp. 139-160. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> daga Schadeberg 1989:72 <ref>[[Thilo C. Schadeberg|Schadeberg, Thilo C.]] (1989). ‘Kordofanian’, in J. Bendor-Samuel (ed.). ''The Niger-Congo Languages: A classification and description of Africa's largest language family'', 66-80. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.</ref> ): {| class="wikitable sortable" !Reshe ! 1 ! 1 (Kashi na Semantic) ! 3 ! 4 ! 4 (Kashi na Semantic) ! 5 ! 6 ! 6 (nau'i na ma'ana) ! 6 a ba ! 6a (Kashi na Semantic) |- | Kordofanian | *gu- | mutane | *gu- | *j- | 'itace' | *li- | *ku- | 'kwai' | *ŋ- | ruwaye |- | [[Harsunan Yammacin Atlantika|Atlantic]] | *gu- | mutane | *gʊ- | *ci- | 'bishiyoyi' | *da- | *ga- | 'kafa, suna' | *ma- | ruwaye |- | Oti-Volta ( [[Harsunan Gur|Gur]] ) | * - ʊ | mutane | *-ba | *- Ci | 'itace' | *- kawo | *- a | 'kwai, kai' | *-ma | ruwaye |- | Ghana – Togo ( Kwa ) | *o- | mutane | *o- | *i- | ' itacen wuta' | *li- | *a- | 'kwai, kai, suna' | *N- | ruwaye |- | [[Harsunan Benue-Congo|Benue – Kongo]] | *ku- | mutane | *ku- | * (t) da - | 'itace' | *li- | *a- | 'kwai, kai, suna' | *ma- | ruwaye |- | Bantu (suna) | *mu- | mutane | *mu- | *mi- | 'itace' | *i̧- | *ma- | 'kwai, suna' | *ma- | ruwaye |- | Bantu (lafazi) | * ju- | | *gu- | *gi- | | *di- | *ga- | | *ga- | |} === Tsawaita magana === A ƙasa akwai wasu Proto-Niger-Congo, Proto-Bantu, da Proto- [[Harsunan Yammacin Atlantika|Atlantic]] ƙwanƙolin magana (Good 2020:146, <ref name="Good">Good, Jeff. 2020. Niger-Congo, with a special focus on Benue-Congo. In: Vossen, Rainer and Gerrit J. Dimmendaal (eds.). 2020. ''The Oxford Handbook of African Languages'', pp. 139-160. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> daga Hyman 2007:157 <ref>Hyman, L. M. (2007). ‘Niger-Congo verb extensions: overview and discussion’, in D. L. Payne and J. Pena (eds.), ''Selected Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference on African Linguistics''. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla, 149-63.</ref> ): {| class="wikitable sortable" !Nau'in kari ! Proto-Nijar-Congo ! Proto-Bantu ! Proto-Atlantic |- ! m | *-da | * -d | *-ed |- ! m | *-ci, *-ti | *-ci-i | *-wani |- ! m | *- ba | *-ƙa-ƙa | *-V[+baya] |- ! m | *- na | *-wani | *-ad |- ! juyawa | *-zuwa | *-ɗ | *-ƙa |} Misali, a cikin [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]] : * tushen kalmar aiki: ''penda'' 'to love' ** reciprocal : ''pendana'' 'son juna' ** m: ''pendea'' 'don son' ** sanadin : ''pendeza'' 'don farantawa' == Karin magana == Güldemann's (2018) Proto-Niger–Congo pronoun reconstructions, na mutum na farko da na biyu karin magana (mufurai da jam'i), an bayar da su a ƙasa. {| class="wikitable" ! ! guda ɗaya ! jam'i |- ! Mutum na 1 | *mV ^gaba | * TV ^rufe |- ! Mutum na 2 | *mV ^baya | *NV ^kusa |} Babaev (2013) cikakken bincike ne na karin magana a cikin harsunan Nijar–Congo, tare da sake ginawa dalla-dalla. == Lambobi == Konstantin Pozdniakov (2018) ya wallafa cikakken gyare-gyaren [[wiktionary:Appendix:Proto-Niger-Congo numerals|lambobi na Proto-Niger – Kongo]], da kuma cikakken sake ginawa ga ƙananan ƙananan rassan Niger-Congo phylum. Pozdniakov (2018: 293) <ref name="Pozdniakov">{{Cite book|last3=Konstantin Pozdniakov}}</ref> da Güldemann (2018: 147) sun sake gina waɗannan lambobi don Proto-Niger-Congo. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Lambobi ! Proto-Niger – Kongo<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> (Pozdniakov 2018) ! Proto-Niger – Kongo<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> (Güldemann 2018) |- ! 1 | *ku-(n)-di (> ni/-in), *do, *gbo/*kpo | |- ! 2 | *ba-di | *Ri |- ! 3 | *tat/*ta | *ta (C) |- ! 4 | *na (h) i | *na (C) |- ! 5 | *tan,*nu(n) | *NU |- ! 6 | 5+1 | |- ! 7 | 5+2 | |- ! 8 | *na (i) nai (< 4 reduplicated) | |- ! 9 | 5+4 | |- ! 10 | *pu/*fu | |- ! 20 | <'mutum' | |} An ƙirƙiri lambobi 6-9 ta hanyar haɗa ƙananan lambobi, yayin da '20' ya samo asali daga 'mutum'. A halin yanzu babu wani ingantaccen tsarin sake ginawa don tushen ƙamus na Proto-Niger-Congo. Duk da haka, gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare (na farko, na farko, wanda aka yiwa alama ta amfani da alamar lamba #) Roger Blench, wanda a halin yanzu yana tattara ƙamus na Nijar-Congo ya yi ƙoƙari. Wasu misalai daga Blench (2016: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Proto-Niger – Kongo ! Gloss |- | *keɗeri | a raba, yanke, karya |- | *suŋguri | wanka ( mai wucewa ) |- | #tokori | tauna |- | *siŋguri | shafa, shafa |- | *ɗumigbi | binne, tona, kabari, shuka |- | #ggbʊ́rɪ́ | kai |- | #gbukuru | kunkuru, kunkuru |- | #goŋgboro | kirji |- | #kpagara | kafa, kafa |- | #ku(n)duŋo | gwiwa |- | #-bugbulu | rami |- | #kVn | daya |- | *tunuru | biyar |} {{Interlanguage link|Hans Günther Mukarovsky|de|Hans Günther Mukarovsky}}'s reconstruction of Proto-Western Nigritic (roughly equivalent to Proto-[[Harsunan Atlantic-Congo|Atlantic–Congo]]<ref>Blench, Roger. ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/General/Westermann%20complete.pdf Kordofanian and Niger-Congo: new and revised lexical evidence]''. Cambrdige: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref>) was published in 2 volumes in 1976 and 1977.<ref>Mukarovsky, Hans. 1976-1977. ''A study of Western Nigritic'' (2 vols). Wien: Institut für Ägyptologie und Afrikanistik, Universität Wien.</ref> === Tsire-tsire === Blench (2009) ya lissafa wasu gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare na Nijar da Kongo don shuke-shuke masu amfani da tattalin arziki masu mahimmanci (a lura cewa ba lallai ba ne a sake gina su zuwa Proto-Niger-Congo). Waɗannan tushen gabaɗaya nau'ikan yanki ne ( ''Wanderworts'' ), tare da wasu daga cikinsu kuma ana samun su cikin yarukan Afroasiatic da Nilo-Saharan. <ref>Blench, Roger. 2009. [https://www.academia.edu/4345929/New_reconstructions_of_West_African_economic_plants New reconstructions of West African economic plants]. In: Jörg Adelberger & Rudolf Leger (eds.): ''Language, History and Reconstructions''. Frankfurter Afrikanistische Blätter 21 (2009) XX-XX. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Köln.</ref> Ana kuma ƙara wasu 'yan fom daga wasu ayyukan Blench (2006, 2012, 2016). {| class="wikitable sortable" !Niger–Congo form !Common name !Scientific name(s) !Notes |- |#-bal- |palm spp. |''[[Tukurwa|Raphia sudanica]]''; ''Elaeis guineensis'' | |- |#-kundi- |dryzone palm |''Phoenix reclinata''; ''[[Giginya|Borassus aethiopum]]''; ''Raphia'' sp. | |- |#-bila- |oil-palm (?) |''Elaeis guineensis'' | |- |#-eli- |oil-palm |''Elaeis guineensis'' | |- |#-ten- |oil-palm |''Elaeis guineensis'' | |- |#(n)gbaŋ- |fan-palm |''[[Giginya|Borassus aethiopum]]'' | |- |#lona |[[Corawa|locust bean tree]] |''[[Corawa|Parkia biglobosa]]'' | |- |#-(g)be |cola nut |''Cola nitida'', ''[[Goro|Cola acuminata]]'' | |- |#goro |cola nut |''Cola nitida'', ''[[Goro|Cola acuminata]]'' | |- |#kum |silk-cotton tree |''[[Rimi|Ceiba pentandra]]'' | |- |#kom- |African mahogany |''[[Maɗaci|Khaya senegalensis]]'' | |- |#ŋ-kpunu |[[Kaɗe|shea tree]]; ‘oil, fat’ |''[[Kaɗe|Vitellaria paradoxa]]'' | |- |#-par |African olive, bush-candle |''Canarium schweinfurthii'' | |- |#kVN- |sorghum, guinea-corn |''[[Dawa|Sorghum bicolor]]'' | |- |#mar(d)a |[[Maiwa|pearl millet]] |''[[Maiwa|Pennisetum glaucum]]'' |also widespread in West Chadic |- |#fundi<ref name="BlenchAfricanMillets">{{Cite journal|url-status=1–8}}</ref> |fonio |''[[Acca|Digitaria exilis]]'' |in Mande, Atlantic, Gur, etc. |- |#ku; #ji |yam |''Dioscorea'' spp. | |- |#-tom |[[Kamu|aerial yam]] |''[[Kamu|Dioscorea bulbifera]]'' |widespread in Nigeria and western Cameroon<ref name="BlenchAgrarian" /> |- |#koko |cocoyam, [[Gwaza|taro]] |''[[Gwaza|Colocasia esculenta]]'' | |- |#zo(ko) |cowpea |''Vigna unguiculata'' |in Central Nigeria; Benue-Congo has *kón (Proto-Manenguba) and *-kʊ́ndè (Proto-Bantu)<ref name="BlenchAfricanPast" /> |- |#-kpa<ref name="BlenchAfricanPast" /> |Bambara groundnut |''Vigna subterranea'' |West Benue-Congo |- |#-gunu<ref name="BlenchAfricanPast" /> |Bambara groundnut |''Vigna subterranea'' |East Benue-Congo |- |#-wi |Bambara groundnut |''Vigna subterranea'' |Plateau languages |- |#-kora |[[Ƙwarya|calabash]], gourd |''[[Ƙwarya|Lagenaria siceraria]]''; ''Cucurbita'' spp. | |- |#kom- |enset, [[Ayaba|banana]] |''Musa'' spp. | |- |#konde |plantain |''[[Agada|Musa paradisiaca]]'' | |- |#màaló (?) |rice |''Oryza glaberrima'' |Proto-Manding reconstruction; widespread form across West Africa<ref name="BlenchAfricanPast" /> |} Sauran sunayen tsire-tsire masu yaɗuwar yanki a Afirka ta Yamma: * ''[[Loko|Milicia excelsa]]'' : odum, iroko (a Ghana da Najeriya) * ''Funtumia elastica'' (bishiyar roba): o-fruntum (a Ghana) <ref name="BlenchAfricanPast" /> * ''[[Riɗi|Sesamum indicum]]'' (sesame): #-sVwa (Benue-Congo) <ref name="BlenchAfricanPast" /> * ''[[Kuɓewa|Abelmoschus esculentus]]'' (okra): ɔ́kʊrʊ, ɪkɪabʊ, akɛnɛta (a kudancin Nijeriya) <ref name="BlenchAgrarian">Blench, Roger. 2016. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Blench%20IWAA%207%20paper.pdf Reconstructing African agrarian prehistory by combining different sources of evidence: methodological considerations and examples for west African economic plants]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. In: ''News from the Past; Progress in African Archaeobotany. Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on African Archaeobotany, Vienna, 2-5th July, 2012''. U. Thanheiser ed. 13-26. Groningen: Barkhuis.</ref> === Dabbobi === A ƙasa akwai wasu gyare-gyare na ƙayyadaddun tsarin yanki na Nijar-Congo na sunayen dabbobi da Blench ya bayar (2007 <ref>Blench, Roger. 2007. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Animals/Mammals/Blench%20Paris%202007%20final%20published.pdf Lexical avoidance taboos and the reconstruction of names for large animals in Niger-Congo, an African language phylum]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. In: Edmond Dounias, Elisabeth Motte-Florac and Margaret Dunham (eds). ''Le symbolisme des animaux - l’animal “clef de voûte” dans la tradition orale et les interactions homme-nature''. 545-569 + unpaginated appendices. Paris: Editions IRD.</ref> ), tare da wasu gyare-gyaren da aka yi akan Blench (2006). {| class="wikitable sortable" !Niger-Congo form ! Sunan gama gari ! Rarrabawa |- | #jata | zaki | Mande-Congo |- | #guni | zaki | siffar yanki |- | #-bungu | hyena | Volta-Congo |- | #-biti | hyena | Proto-Benue-Kwa |- | #murum | hyena | Najeriya ta tsakiya |- | #gbali | giwa | Mande-Congo |- | #-yi | giwa | Benue-Kwa ? ; yana nufin 'tusk' |- | #-sulu | giwa | Volta-Congo |- | #- ba | kare | Proto-Nijar-Congo |- | #kuru | kada | Niger-Congo ( Proto-Bantu yana da #-gandu) <ref name="BlenchAfricanPast" /> |- | #budi <ref name="BlenchAfricanPast" /> | akuya | Niger-Congo (Afroasiatic da Nilo-Saharan suna da #kr-) <ref name="BlenchAfricanPast" /> |- | #-ga <ref name="BlenchAfricanPast" /> | [[Kabarai|masakar kauye]] | Benue-Congo <ref name="BlenchAfricanPast" /> |} == Duba kuma == * Harshen Proto-Bantu * Harshen Proto-Afroasiatic * Haplogroup E-M2 *   * {{Cite journal|url-status=207–210}} * Grollemund, Rebecca, Simon Branford, Jean-Marie Hombert & Mark Pagel. 2016. ''[https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/abstracts/Grollemund_Hombert_Pagel-Genetic%20Unity%20of%20the%20Niger-Congo%20family.pdf Genetic unity of the Niger-Congo family]{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Paper presented for the 2nd International Congress "[https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/index.html Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104071543/https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/index.html |date=2024-01-04 }}", Paris, 1-3 September, 2016. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/index.html Zuwa Proto-Niger-Congo: Kwatanta da Sake Ginawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104071543/https://llacan.cnrs.fr/nigercongo2/index.html |date=2024-01-04 }} * [http://sumale.vjf.cnrs.fr/NC/ Neja-Congo aikin sake ginawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509020508/http://sumale.vjf.cnrs.fr/NC/ |date=2021-05-09 }} a LLACAN [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ns2q1vhd960nu5xjhbnn91ec22cuc88 0 71233 823875 799148 2026-04-21T23:54:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ahwai''', wanda kuma ake kira da '''Ndunic Languages''' (tsohon '''Nandu-Tari''' ), gungu ne na harshen [[Harsunan Filato|Plateau]] da ake magana da shi a kudu maso yammacin Fadan Karshi a karamar hukumar [[Sanga]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya]] . Galibin kauyuka suna gindin tsaunin Ahwai a jihar Kaduna. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Ndunic/Ndunic%20page.htm |title=Roger Blench: Ndunic materials |access-date=2024-02-24 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724051714/https://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Ndunic/Ndunic%20page.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Yaruka == Akwai yaruka guda uku masu fahimtar juna : * '''Ndun''' ( '''Nandu''' ), ana magana ne kawai zuwa kudu maso yammacin tsaunin Ahwai. * '''Nyeng''' ( '''Ningon''' ), ana magana ne kawai zuwa arewa maso yammacin tsaunin Ahwai. An fara rubutawa a cikin 2003. <ref name="Blench2018">Blench, Roger M. 2018. Nominal affixes and number marking in the Plateau languages of Central Nigeria. In John R. Watters (ed.), ''East Benue-Congo: Nouns, pronouns, and verbs'', 107–172. Berlin: Language Science Press. {{Doi|10.5281/zenodo.1314325}}</ref> * '''Shakara''' ( '''Tari''' ), ana magana ne kawai zuwa kudu maso gabas na tsaunin Ahwai. Blench (2008) ya rarraba su a matsayin harsunan Ndunic daban-daban. Duk da haka, a wannan shekarar Ethnologue ya hade su a matsayin harshe guda. ''Ahwai'' kalma ce da aka ayyana kanta da ake amfani da ita don nufin masu magana da duk harsunan Ndunic guda uku. <ref name="Blench2018">Blench, Roger M. 2018. Nominal affixes and number marking in the Plateau languages of Central Nigeria. In John R. Watters (ed.), ''East Benue-Congo: Nouns, pronouns, and verbs'', 107–172. Berlin: Language Science Press. {{Doi|10.5281/zenodo.1314325}}[[Doi (identifier)|doi]]<span data-ve-ignore="true">:</span>[[doi:10.5281/zenodo.1314325|10.5281/zenodo.1314325]]</ref> === Ndun === An kuma san Ndun da sunan Hausawa '''Nandu''' . Ƙauyen Ndun su ne Ànkpòŋ, Anfufalǐm, Ɓadok, Ànkàrà, Bányìn, da Ungwar Rimi. <ref>Blench, Roger M. 2007. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Ndunic/Ndun%20wordlist%20paper.pdf The Ndun language of Central Nigeria and its affinities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929131006/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Ndunic/Ndun%20wordlist%20paper.pdf |date=2022-09-29 }}.</ref> A kauyen Nince, jihar Kaduna, mutanen [[Harsunan Filato|Nisam]] (Nice) duk sun koma Ndun. [[Harsunan Filato|Harshen Nisam]] ya kasance mara izini. <ref name="Blench2012">Blench, Roger M. 2012. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Alumic/Akpondu.pdf Akpondu, Nigbo, Bəbər and Nisam: moribund or extinct languages of central Nigeria Babur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114040529/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Alumic/Akpondu.pdf |date=2021-01-14 }}.</ref> === Nyeng === Nyeng yana magana da kusan masu magana 2,000 a Adu da wasu kauyuka a jihar Kaduna, Najeriya. Mutanen Nyeng sun kasance suna zama a kan tudun ''ifyal anyeŋ'' . A yau garuruwansu su ne: <ref>Blench, Roger M. 2006. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Ndunic/Nyeng%20wordlist%20paper.pdf The Nyeng language of Central Nigeria and its affinities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929131009/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Ndunic/Nyeng%20wordlist%20paper.pdf |date=2022-09-29 }}.</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Nama Nyeng ! Sunan Hausa |- | Adu | Ningon Kirya |- | Pɔ̀hɔ́k | Ungwan Giginya |- | Pok Kyɔ́ | Ungwan Dakaci |- | Ungwan Rimi | Ningon Titi |} Roger Blench da Barau Kato ne suka tattara jerin kalmomi na Nyeng a cikin 2003. === Shakara === Manyan ƙauyuka na Shakara sune Jije Fyal, Nggwakum, Akayi, Apɔhɔt, Telehwe, Kobo, Koba, Nggwa Dauda, Nggwa Mangoro, Nggwa Igyan, Barib, da Nggwa Yiri (yanzu ba kowa). <ref>Blench, Roger. 2014. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Ndunic/Shakara%20wordlist.pdf The Shakara (Tari) language of Central Nigeria and its affinities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929131007/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Ndunic/Shakara%20wordlist.pdf |date=2022-09-29 }}.</ref> == Sunaye da wurare == A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshen Ndunic, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019). {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%;" !Harshe ! Tari ! Madadin rubutun kalmomi ! Sunan kansa don harshe ! Endonym (s) ! Wasu sunaye (na tushen wuri) ! Sauran sunaye na harshe ! Masu magana ! Wuri(s) |- | '''''Ndun-Nyeng-Shakara cluster''''' | Ndun- Nyeng-Shakara | | | | Ahwai [sunan da aka karɓa kwanan nan don harsuna uku] | | | |- | Ndun | Ndun- Nyeng-Shakara | Nandu | | | | | | |- | Nyeng | Ndun- Nyeng-Shakara | | | | Ningon | | | |- | Shakara | Ndun- Nyeng-Shakara | | Shakará | sg. kuShakará pl. úShakará | | Tari | Shakara 3000 (Blench est. 2003) | [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], layin kauyuka 7&nbsp;km. zuwa yammacin Mayir akan hanyar Fadan Karshe-Wamba |} == Nassoshi == * [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Ndunic/Ndunic%20page.htm Roger Blench: Ndunic kayan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724051714/https://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Ndunic/Ndunic%20page.htm |date=2024-07-24 }} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Harsunan Plateau]] no1ppw4wvvx9iha6vx3i5xzqbidabg1 0 71266 823872 385697 2026-04-21T23:52:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Languages of the Gambia}} [[File:WIKITONGUES-_Aminah_Abba_speaking_Wolof.webm|thumb|Mai magana da Wolof, wanda aka rubuta a [[Taiwan]]]] '''Wolof''' ( / ˈw oʊl ɒ f / WOH -lof ; Wolof làkk, {{Lang|wo-Arab|وࣷلࣷفْ لࣵکّ}}</link> ) yaren [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|Niger–Congo]] ne da al'ummar Wolof ke magana a yawancin yankin [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] na Senegambia da ke raba tsakanin kasashen [[Senegal]], [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]], da [[Gambiya]] . Kamar harsunan da ke makwabtaka da Serer da [[Fillanci|Fula]], na cikin reshen Senegambia na dangin harshen Nijar – Kongo. Ba kamar yawancin harsunan danginsa ba, Wolof ba harshe ba ne. Wolof shi ne yaren da aka fi amfani da shi a Senegal, wanda al'ummar Wolof ke magana da shi (kashi 40% na al'ummar kasar) amma kuma yawancin sauran 'yan Senegal a matsayin yare na biyu. Yarukan Wolof sun bambanta a yanki da kuma tsakanin yankunan karkara da birane. Babban yare na [[Dakar]], alal misali, gauraya ce ta Wolof, [[Faransanci]], da [[Larabci]] . ''Wolof'' shine daidaitaccen rubutun rubutu kuma yana iya komawa zuwa ƙabilar Wolof ko al'ada. Bambance-bambancen sun haɗa da tsohuwar Faransa {{Lang|fr|Ouolof}}</link> , {{Lang|fr|Jollof}}</link> ko {{Lang|fr|Jolof}}</link> , wanda a yanzu yawanci yana nufin ko dai zuwa Daular Jolof ko kuma zuwa [[Dafa-duka|jollof shinkafa]], shinkafa gama-gari na Yammacin Afirka. Siffofin archaic na yanzu sun haɗa da ''Volof'' da ''Olof'' . An yi imanin [[Turanci|Ingilishi]] ya karɓi wasu kalmomin aro na Wolof, kamar ''[[ayaba]]'', ta hanyar [[Yaren Sifen|Sifen]] ko [[Harshen Portuguese|Fotigal]], da {{Lang|cpe-029|nyam}}</link> , ana amfani da ita kuma cikin Mutanen Espanya: 'ñam' azaman onomatopoeia don ci ko tauna, a cikin Caribbean Turanci Creoles da yawa ma'ana "ci" (kwatanta Seychellois Creole {{Lang|crs|nyanmnyanm}}</link> , kuma yana nufin "cin abinci"). <ref>Danielle D'Offay & Guy Lionet, ''Diksyonner Kreol-Franse / Dictionnaire Créole Seychellois – Français'', Helmut Buske Verlag, Hamburg, 1982. </ref> == Rarraba yanki == [[File:Wolof_Empire.jpg|thumb| Jihohin daular Wolof]] Sama da mutane miliyan 10 ke magana da Wolof kuma kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 (kimanin mutane miliyan 5) na al'ummar Senegal suna magana da Wolof a matsayin yarensu na asali. Ƙarfafa motsi, musamman haɓakar babban birnin Dakar, ya haifar da buƙatar harshe na gama gari: a yau, ƙarin 40 bisa dari na yawan jama'a suna magana da Wolof a matsayin harshe na biyu ko samu. A duk yankin daga Dakar zuwa Saint-Louis, da kuma yamma da kudu maso yammacin Kaolack, yawancin mutane suna magana da Wolof. Yawanci lokacin da kabilu daban-daban a Senegal suka taru a birane da garuruwa, suna jin Wolof. Don haka ana magana da shi a kusan kowane babban yanki da yanki na Senegal. Duk da haka, harshen hukuma na Senegal Faransanci ne. A [[Gambiya]], ko da yake kusan kashi 20 – 25 cikin 100 na al’ummar ƙasar suna magana da Wolof a matsayin yaren farko, amma tana da tasirin da bai dace ba saboda yaɗuwarta a [[Banjul]], babban birnin Gambia, inda kashi 75 na al’ummar ƙasar ke amfani da shi a matsayin yaren farko. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a Serekunda, birni mafi girma a Gambiya, ko da yake ƴan tsiraru ne kawai 'yan kabilar Wolofs, kusan kashi 70 cikin 100 na al'ummar ƙasar suna magana ko fahimtar Wolof. A Mauritania, kusan kashi bakwai cikin dari na yawan jama'a (kimanin mutane 185,000) suna magana da Wolof. Yawancin suna zaune a kusa da kogin Senegal da Mauritania ke raba tare da Senegal. == Rabewa == Wolof ɗaya ne daga cikin harsunan Senegambian, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da maye gurbi . Yawancin lokaci ana cewa yana da alaƙa da [[Fillanci|harshen Fula]] saboda kuskuren da Wilson (1989) ya yi na bayanan da ke cikin Sapir (1971) waɗanda aka daɗe ana amfani da su don rarraba harsunan Atlantic. == Iri == Wolof na Senegal/Mauritaniya da Wolof na Gambiya sun bambanta ma'auni na ƙasa: suna amfani da ƙa'idodi daban-daban kuma suna amfani da yaruka daban-daban (Faransa da Ingilishi) azaman tushen su don kalmomin lamuni na fasaha. Koyaya, duka harsunan magana da rubuce-rubuce suna fahimtar juna. Lebu Wolof, a gefe guda, ba shi da fahimta ga daidaitattun masu magana da Wolof, bambancin da ya ɓace saboda duk masu magana da Lebu suna da harsuna biyu a daidaitattun Wolof. <ref>Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices</ref> == Orthography da lafazin magana == [[File:Church_of_the_Pater_Noster_Mount_of_Olives,_Jerusalem_19.jpg|thumb| Addu'ar Ubangiji a cikin rubutun Latin Wolof, Cocin Pater Noster, Urushalima. Haruffa ''ë'', ''é'', ''à'' da ''ñ'' ana iya gani, kamar yadda geminate bak'i da dogayen wasula biyu.]] ''Lura:'' Ana buga fassarori na sauti tsakanin maƙallan murabba'i <span style="letter-spacing:3px">[]</span> bin ka'idodin Harafin Wayar Waya ta Duniya (IPA). Dokokin gwamnati tsakanin 1971 zuwa 1985 ne aka kafa rubutun kalmomin Latin na Wolof a [[Senegal]] . Cibiyar harshe " Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar " (CLAD) an yarda da ita a matsayin hukuma idan aka zo ga ƙa'idodin rubutun kalmomi na Wolof. Cikakken haruffa shine A, B, C, D, E, Ë, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, Ñ, Ƙasa, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, W, X, Y. Ba a haɗa haruffan V da Z a cikin kalmomin Wolof na asali ba. Ana rubuta Wolof sau da yawa a cikin wannan rubutun waƙa, wanda a cikin saƙon wayoyi ke da bayyananniyar wasiƙa ɗaya zuwa ɗaya ga zane-zane . Rubutun Wolof na Larabci, wanda ake kira Wolofal, shi ma gwamnati ta kafa shi, tsakanin 1985 zuwa 1990, duk da cewa ba a amince da shi da wata doka ba, saboda kokarin da ma'aikatar ilimi ta Senegal ta yi na zama wani bangare na bangarori da yawa. kokarin daidaita daidaiton kasa. Ana amfani da wannan haruffa tun kafin mulkin mallaka, a matsayin tsarin rubutu na farko da aka fara amfani da shi ga Wolof, kuma har yanzu mutane da yawa, galibi Imamai da dalibansu a makarantun kur’ani da Islamiyya suna amfani da su. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wani rubutun: Garay, rubutun [[haruffa]] wanda Assane Faye 1961 ya ƙirƙira, wanda ƴan tsirarun masu magana da Wolof suka karɓa. An danne silar farko ta kalmomi; Dogayen wasulan ana furta su da karin lokaci amma ba a matsa musu kai tsaye ba, kamar yadda suke cikin Turanci. === Wasula === Wasikun sune kamar haka: <ref>Unseth, 2009.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Wasula ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller" | Gaba ! colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller" | Tsakiya ! colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller" | Baya |- ! style="font-size:80%" | gajere ! style="font-size:80%" | dogo ! style="font-size:80%" | gajere ! style="font-size:80%" | dogo ! style="font-size:80%" | gajere ! style="font-size:80%" | dogo |- align="center" ! style="font-size:smaller" | Kusa | i ⟨ i ⟩ | iː | style="background-color:gray" | | style="background-color:gray" | | u ⟨ ⟩ | uː |- align="center" ! style="font-size:smaller" | Kusa-tsakiyar | e ⟨ é ⟩ | eː | style="background-color:gray" | | style="background-color:gray" | | o ⟨ ó ⟩ | oː |- align="center" ! style="font-size:smaller" | tsakiyar | style="background-color:gray" | | style="background-color:gray" | | ə ⟨ ⟩ | | style="background-color:gray" | | style="background-color:gray" | |- align="center" ! style="font-size:smaller" |Bude-tsakiyar | ɛ ⟨ e ⟩ | ɛː | style="background-color:gray" | | style="background-color:gray" | | ɔ ⟨ o ⟩ | ɔː |- align="center" ! style="font-size:smaller" | Bude | style="background-color:gray" | | style="background-color:gray" | | a ⟨ a ⟩ | aː | style="background-color:gray" | | style="background-color:gray" | |} Ana iya samun ƙarin ƙananan wasali, ko kuma wannan yana iya ruɗewa da rubutun ''a'' .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2014}}</link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Duk wasulan na iya zama dogayen (rubuta ninki biyu) ko gajere. <ref>Long ''ëë'' is rare (Torrence 2013:10).</ref> {{IPA|/aː/}}</link> an rubuta ⟨ à ⟩ kafin dogon (prenasalized ko geminate) baki (misali ''làmbi'' "arena"). Lokacin da ''e'' da ''ó'' aka rubuta sau biyu, alamar lafazin sau da yawa yana kan harafin farko ne kawai.  <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"> Door-óon-ngéen <span lang="und-Latn-fonipa" class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/doːroːnŋɡeːn/</span> buga- <abbr class="gloss-abbr" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;" title="past tense">PAST</abbr> - <abbr class="gloss-abbr" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;" title="finite">FIN</abbr> . <abbr class="gloss-abbr" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;" title="second person, plural">2PL</abbr> </div> Door-óon-ngéen <span lang="und-Latn-fonipa" class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/doːroːnŋɡeːn/</span> buga-PAST-FIN.2PL 'Ka (jam'i) buga.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div></div>Babu kwatankwacin -ATR na manyan wasulan ''iu'' . Suna haifar da jituwa + ATR a cikin suffixes lokacin da suka faru a cikin tushen, amma a cikin suffix, suna iya zama bayyananne ga jituwar wasali. Wasan wasali na wasu kari ko ƙulli ba su dace da wasulan da suka gabata ba. A mafi yawan lokuta bin wasulan sun dace da su. Wato sun sake saita jituwa, kamar kalma ce ta daban. Duk da haka, idan suffix/clitic ya ƙunshi babban wasali (+ATR) wanda ke faruwa bayan tushen −ATR, duk wani ƙarin kari ya dace da tushen. Wato, +ATR suffix/clitic shine "m" ga daidaiton wasali. Misali shine mummunan -u- in,   inda jituwa zata hango ''*kofa-u-më-léén-fë'' . Wato, ''ni ko U'' suna nuna kamar nasu -ATR analogs. Marubuta sun bambanta a ko sun nuna jituwar wasali a rubuce, da kuma ko sun rubuta clitics azaman kalmomi dabam dabam. === Consonants === Consonants a matsayin farko-kalmar sune kamar haka: <ref name="Ka">Omar Ka, 1994, ''Wolof Phonology and Morphology''</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+'''Wolof Consonants''' ! colspan="2" | ! Labial ! Alveolar ! Palatal ! Velar ! Uvula ! Glottal |- ! colspan="2" | Nasal | m ⟨ m ⟩ | n ⟨ n ⟩ | ɲ ⟨ ⟩ | ŋ ⟨ ŋ ⟩ | | |- ! rowspan="3" |M ! <small>prenasalized</small> | {{IPA|ᵐb}} ⟨ mb ⟩ | {{IPA|ⁿd}} ⟨ ⟩ | {{IPA|ᶮɟ}} ⟨ nj ⟩ | {{IPA|ᵑɡ}} ⟨ ng ⟩ | | |- !<small>murya</small> | b ⟨ b ⟩ | d ⟨ d ⟩ | ɟ ⟨ ⟩ | ɡ ⟨ ⟩ | | |- ! <small>mara murya</small> | p ⟨ p ⟩ | t ⟨ t ⟩ | c ⟨ c ⟩ | k ⟨ ⟩ | q ⟨ q ⟩ | ʔ |- ! colspan="2" | Ƙarfafawa | f ⟨ f ⟩ | s ⟨ s ⟩ | | colspan="2" | x ~ χ ⟨ x ⟩ | |- ! colspan="2" | Trill | | r ⟨ r ⟩ | | | | |- ! colspan="2" | Kusanci | w ⟨ w ⟩ | l ⟨ ⟩ | j ⟨ y ⟩ | | | |} Duk sauƙaƙan hanci, na baka yana tsayawa baya ga ''q'' da glottal, kuma sonorant ''lryw'' na iya zama geminated (ninki biyu), kodayake geminate ''r'' yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin akida . <ref name="USPC">Pape Amadou Gaye, ''Practical Cours in / Cours Practique en Wolof: An Audio–Aural Approach.''</ref> <ref>Some are restricted or rare, and sources disagree about this. </ref> (An rubuta baƙar fata sau biyu.) ''Q'' yana da girma kuma yana iya faruwa a wuri na farko; in ba haka ba, geminate baƙaƙe da gungu masu baƙar magana, gami da ''nt, nc, nk, nq'' ( {{IPA|[ɴq]}}</link> ), an taƙaita su zuwa matsakaicin kalma da matsayi na ƙarshe. A wuri na ƙarshe, baƙaƙen baƙaƙe na iya biye da wani ɗan wasali na schwa mara nauyi. Daga cikin baƙaƙen da ke cikin ginshiƙi na sama, ''pdck'' baya faruwa a matsakaici ko matsayi na ƙarshe, ana maye gurbinsu da ''frs'' da sifili, kodayake geminate ''pp dd cc kk'' na gama gari. Phonetic ''pck'' yana faruwa a ƙarshe, amma kawai azaman allophones na ''bjg'' saboda sadaukarwar ƙarshe . Mafi qarancin nau'i-nau'i : <ref>Diouf (2009)</ref> : ''bët'' ("ido") - ''bëtt'' ("nemo") : ''yaro'' ("don kama wuta") - ''yaro'' ("don zama mai haske") : ''dag'' ("bawan sarki") - ''dagg'' ("yanke") : ''dëj'' ("Jana'izar") - ''dëjj'' (" cunt ") : ''fen'' ("to (gaya) ƙarya") - ''fenn'' ("wani wuri, babu inda") : ''gal'' ("fararen zinare") - ''gall'' ("don regurgitate") : ''goŋ'' ("baboon") - ''goŋŋ'' (wani irin gado) : ''gëm'' ("don gaskata") - ''gëmm'' ("rufe idanu") : ''Jaw'' (sunan dangi) - ''jaww'' ("sama") : ''nëb'' ("ruɓaɓɓen") - ''nëbb'' ("ɓoye") : ''woñ'' ("zaren") - ''woññ'' ("don ƙidaya") === Sautuna === Ba kamar yawancin harsunan Afirka na kudu da hamadar Sahara ba, Wolof ba shi da sautuna . Sauran harsunan da ba na tonal ba na yankin Saharar Afirka sun haɗa da Amharic, [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]] da [[Fillanci|Fula]] . == Nahawu == === Sanannen halaye === ==== Maganganun magana maimakon magana ta baki ==== A cikin Wolof, fi'ili sune tushen tushe waɗanda ba za a iya haɗa su ba. Don bayyana lokuta daban-daban ko sassa na wani aiki, sunaye na sirri suna haɗuwa&nbsp;– ba fi’ili ba. Don haka, kalmar ''karin magana ta wucin gadi'' ta zama abin kafa ga wannan sashin magana. Ana kuma kiransa da sigar mayar da hankali. Misali: Fi'ili '''dem''' yana nufin " ''tafi'' " kuma ba za a iya canza shi ba; ma'anar karin magana na ɗan lokaci '''maa ngi''' na nufin " ''Ni/ni, nan da yanzu'' "; ma'anar sunan ɗan lokaci '''dinaa''' yana nufin " ''I am soon / I will soon / I will be soon'' ". Da wannan, ana iya gina jimloli masu zuwa yanzu: '''Maa ngi dem.''' " ''Zan tafi (nan da yanzu).'' " - '''Dinaa dem.''' " ''Zan tafi (nan da sannu).'' " ==== Haɗin kai game da al'amari maimakon tashin hankali ==== A cikin Wolof, lokuta kamar na yanzu, na baya, da na gaba suna da mahimmanci na biyu kuma kusan ba su taka rawar gani ba. Muhimmin mahimmanci shine fannin aiki daga mahallin mai magana. Bambance-bambancen da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne ko aiki ya kasance cikakke (gama) ko kuma bai cika ba (har yanzu yana ci gaba daga mahangar mai magana), ba tare da la’akari da ko aikin da kansa ya faru a baya, yanzu, ko nan gaba ba. Wasu al'amura sun nuna ko wani aiki yana faruwa akai-akai, ko tabbas wani abu zai faru da kuma ko ɗan wasan kwaikwayo yana so ya jaddada matsayin batun, abin da ya gabata, ko wani abu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The meanings sound like something other than aspect: evidentiality or focus perhaps. (March 2017)">bayani da ake buƙata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A sakamakon haka, ana yin haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar ba ta da ƙarfi amma al'amari. Duk da haka, kalmar ''karin magana ta wucin gadi'' ta saba da irin wannan hadadden karin magana ko da yake ''bangaren karin magana'' na iya zama mafi kyawu. Misali, fi’ili '''dem''' yana nufin “ ''tafi'' ”; ma'anar karin magana '''na''' dan lokaci na'a na nufin " ''I already/tabbas'' ", ma'anar karin magana '''dinaa''' na nufin " ''I am soon/ I will soon / I will be soon'' "; ma'anar suna na ɗan lokaci '''damay''' yana nufin " ''Ni (am) akai-akai/yawanci'' ". Ana iya gina jimloli masu zuwa: '''Dem naa.''' " ''Na tafi / Na riga na tafi.'' " - '''Dinaa dem.''' " ''Zan tafi ba da jimawa ba / zan tafi kawai.'' " - '''Damay dem.''' " ''Ni yawanci/kullum/kullum/na kusa tafiya.'' " Mai iya magana na iya bayyana cewa wani aiki ya faru a baya ta hanyar ƙara ƙaranci '''-(w) a''' cikin fi'ili (a cikin jimla, karin magana na ɗan lokaci har yanzu ana amfani da shi a cikin nau'i mai haɗaka tare da alamar da ta gabata): '''Demoon naa Ndakaaru.''' " ''Na riga na tafi Dakar.'' " ==== Action fi'ili tare da a tsaye fi'ili da kuma adjectives ==== Wolof yana da manyan azuzuwan fi'ili guda biyu: mai ƙarfi da tsauri . Ba a sanya fi'ili; maimakon haka ana amfani da karin magana don yiwa mutum alama, al'amari, tashin hankali, da mai da hankali. {{Rp|779}} ==== Haɗin kai ==== <references /> ==== Jinsi ==== Wolof baya sanya jinsin jima'i a matsayin jinsi na nahawu : akwai wani karin magana da ya ƙunshi Turanci 'shi', 'ita', da 'shi'. Ana ƙara ma'anar '''bu góor''' (namiji / namiji) ko '''bu jigeen''' (mace / mace) a cikin kalmomi kamar ''xarit'', 'aboki', da ''rakk'', 'kanin ɗan'uwa' don nuna jima'i na mutum. Alamar tabbataccen suna (yawanci ake kira "tabbatattun labarai") sun yarda da sunan da suke gyarawa. Akwai aƙalla labarai goma a cikin Wolof, wasu daga cikinsu suna nuni da suna guda ɗaya, wasu kuma suna na jam'i. A cikin Urban Wolof, wanda ake magana a cikin manyan biranen kamar Dakar, ana amfani da labarin -bi sau da yawa azaman labarin gama gari lokacin da ba a san ainihin labarin ba.. Duk wani sunan lamuni daga Faransanci ko Ingilishi yana amfani da '''-bi: butik-bi, xarit-bi''' "Butika, aboki." Yawancin kalmomin Larabci ko na addini suna amfani da '''-Ji: Jumma-Ji, jigéen-ji''', "masallaci, yarinya." Sunaye huɗu waɗanda ke nufin mutane suna amfani da ''-ki/-'' ñi:' '''''nit-ki, nit-ñi'', <nowiki>'mutum, mutane''</nowiki>''' Sunayen suna amfani da ''-yi: jigéen-yi, butik-yi'', "'yan mata, boutiques" Labari daban-daban: "si, gi, wi, mi, li." === Lambobi === ==== Lambobin Cardinal ==== Tsarin lambar Wolof ya dogara ne akan lambobi "5" da "10". Yana da tsari na yau da kullun na yau da kullun, kwatankwacin Sinanci . Misali: '''benn''' " ''daya'' ", '''juróom''' " ''biyar'' ", '''juróom-benn''' " ''shida'' " (a zahiri, "biyar-daya"), '''fukk''' " ''goma'' ", '''fukk ak juróom benn''' " ''sha shida'' " (a zahiri, "goma da biyar daya"), '''ñent-fukk''' " ''arba'in'' " (a zahiri, "hudu-goma"). A madadin, "talatin" shine '''fanweer''', wanda shine kusan adadin kwanakin a cikin wata na lunar (a zahiri "fan" shine rana kuma "weer" wata ne.) {| class="wikitable" |0 |'''tus''' / '''neen''' / '''zéro''' [French] / '''sero''' / '''dara''' ["nothing"] |- |1 |'''benn''' |- |2 |'''ñaar''' / '''yaar''' |- |3 |'''ñett''' / '''ñatt''' / '''yett''' / '''yatt''' |- |4 |'''ñeent''' / '''ñenent''' |- |5 |'''juróom''' |- |6 |'''juróom-benn''' |- |7 |'''juróom-ñaar''' |- |8 |'''juróom-ñett''' |- |9 |'''juróom-ñeent''' |- |10 |'''fukk''' |- |11 |'''fukk ak benn''' |- |12 |'''fukk ak ñaar''' |- |13 |'''fukk ak ñett''' |- |14 |'''fukk ak ñeent''' |- |15 |'''fukk ak juróom''' |- |16 |'''fukk ak juróom-benn''' |- |17 |'''fukk ak juróom-ñaar''' |- |18 |'''fukk ak juróom-ñett''' |- |19 |'''fukk ak juróom-ñeent''' |- |20 |'''ñaar-fukk''' |- |26 |'''ñaar-fukk ak juróom-benn''' |- |30 |'''ñett-fukk''' / '''fanweer''' |- |40 |'''ñeent-fukk''' |- |50 |'''juróom-fukk''' |- |60 |'''juróom-benn-fukk''' |- |66 |'''juróom-benn-fukk ak juróom-benn''' |- |70 |'''juróom-ñaar-fukk''' |- |80 |'''juróom-ñett-fukk''' |- |90 |'''juróom-ñeent-fukk''' |- |100 |'''téeméer''' |- |101 |'''téeméer ak benn''' |- |106 |'''téeméer ak juróom-benn''' |- |110 |'''téeméer ak fukk''' |- |200 |'''ñaari téeméer''' |- |300 |'''ñetti téeméer''' |- |400 |'''ñeenti téeméer''' |- |500 |'''juróomi téeméer''' |- |600 |'''juróom-benni téeméer''' |- |700 |'''juróom-ñaari téeméer''' |- |800 |'''juróom-ñetti téeméer''' |- |900 |'''juróom-ñeenti téeméer''' |- |1000 |'''junni''' / '''junne''' |- |1100 |'''junni ak téeméer''' |- |1600 |'''junni ak juróom-benni téeméer''' |- |1945 |'''junni ak juróom-ñeenti téeméer ak ñeent-fukk ak juróom''' |- |1969 |'''junni ak juróom-ñeenti téeméer ak juróom-benn-fukk ak juróom-ñeent''' |- |2000 |'''ñaari junni''' |- |3000 |'''ñetti junni''' |- |4000 |'''ñeenti junni''' |- |5000 |'''juróomi junni''' |- |6000 |'''juróom-benni junni''' |- |7000 |'''juróom-ñaari junni''' |- |8000 |'''juróom-ñetti junni''' |- |9000 |'''juróom-ñeenti junni''' |- |10000 |'''fukki junni''' |- |100000 |'''téeméeri junni''' |- |1000000 |'''tamndareet''' / '''million''' |} ==== Lambobin yau da kullun ==== Lambobin yau da kullun (na farko, na biyu, na uku, da sauransu) ana samun su ta hanyar ƙara ƙarewa '''-éél''' (lafazin ayl) zuwa lambar kardinal . Misali, biyu shine '''ñaar''' kuma na biyu shine '''ñaarél''' Banda wannan tsarin shine "farko", wanda shine '''bu njëk''' (ko kalmar faransanci da aka daidaita ''ta farko'' : '''përëmye''' ) {| class="wikitable" |1st | '''ba njk''' |- | Na biyu | '''yareel''' |- | 3rd | '''abin''' |- | 4th | '''cin gindi''' |- | 5th | '''juriyam''' |- | 6 ta | '''juróom-bennél''' |- | 7th | '''juróom-ñaareel''' |- | 8th | '''juróom-ñettéél''' |- | 9 ta | '''juróom-ñeentéél''' |- | 10th | '''fukkoki''' |} === Sunan magana na sirri === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" | batun ! colspan="2" | abu |- ! guda ɗaya ! jam'i ! guda ɗaya ! jam'i |- ! Mutum na 1 | mutum | nun | ma | nu |- ! Mutum na 2 | yau | yeen | la | leen |- ! Mutum na 3 | uwa | ku | ku | leen |} === Maganganun suna na ɗan lokaci === ==== Haɗa kalmomin suna na ɗan lokaci ==== {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="3" | ! colspan="2" | Mutum na 1 ! colspan="2" | Mutum na 2 ! colspan="2" | Mutum na 3 |- ! guda ɗaya ! jam'i ! guda ɗaya ! jam'i ! guda ɗaya ! jam'i |- style="font-style:italic;" ! "I" ! "mu" ! "ka" ! "ku duka" ! "shi/ta" ! "su" |- ! rowspan="2" | Halin hali (Mai Gabatarwa) ! Cikakke | ina ngi | nu ngi | ya ngi | ina ngi | mu ngi | nu ngi |- ! ajizi | ina ngi | nu ngi | ya ngi | ina jin | mu ngi | nu ngi |- ! rowspan="2" | Na ƙarshe ! Cikakke | ba na | nanu | nga | njin | na | nañu |- ! Nan gaba | dina | dinanu | dinga | dingin | dina | dinañu |- ! rowspan="2" | Manufar ! Cikakke | la da | lanu | nga | njin | la | lanu |- ! ajizi | layi | lanuy | ngay | njin di | kwanta | lamun |- ! rowspan="2" | Mai sarrafawa<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> (Bayyanawa da/ko Bayani) ! Cikakke | dama | danu | danga | danjin | dafa | damun |- ! ajizi | dama | danuy | dangay | dangan di | dafa | damun |- ! rowspan="2" | Magana ! Cikakke | ma'ana | babu | yaa | yaya | mu | ku |- ! ajizi | mayi | nuhu | yayi | yayi | moyi | yi |- ! rowspan="2" | tsaka tsaki ! Cikakke | ma | nu | nga | njin | mu | nu |- ! ajizi | mai yiwuwa | nuy | ngay | njin di | muy | nuy |} A cikin Wolof na birni, an saba amfani da nau'ikan jam'i na mutum na 3 kuma don jam'i na 1st. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa fi'ili yana bin takamaiman karin magana na ɗan lokaci kuma yana gaba da wasu. == Adabi == An fassara [[Sabon Alkawari]] zuwa Wolof kuma an buga shi a cikin 1987, bugu na biyu 2004, kuma a cikin 2008 tare da wasu ƙananan gyare-gyare na rubutu. Boubacar Boris Diop ya buga littafinsa ''Doomi Golo'' a Wolof a cikin 2002. <ref>Encyclopedia of African Literature, p 801</ref> Waƙar 1994 " 7 seconds " na Youssou N'Dour da Neneh Cherry an rera wani bangare ne a Wolof. == Misalin rubutu == {| class="wikitable" !Fassara ! Rubutun Latin ! Rubutun Wolofal (Larabci). |- | An haifi dukkan ’yan Adam ’yantattu kuma daidai suke da mutunci da hakki. Suna da hankali da lamiri kuma ya kamata su yi wa junanmu cikin ruhin ’yan’uwantaka. | Doomi aadama yépp danuy juddu, yam ci tawfeex ci sag ak sañ-sañ. Nekk na it ku xam dəgg te ànd na ak xelam, te war naa jəflante ak nawleen, te teg ko ci wàllu mbokk. | dir="rtl" | <span style="font-size:130%;line-height:1.35;"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" data-ve-ignore="true" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">دومِ آدَمَ يَعْلُّ دَنُيْ جُدُّ، يَمْ ） تَوفِيخْ ） سَگ） （！！</span></span> <span style="font-size:130%;line-height:1.35;"><span dir="rtl" class="script-arabic script-Arab" style="font-size: 125%;">نو کّن ایت ک خَمْ دگگ تࣵ</span></span> <span style="font-size:130%;line-height:1.35;"><span dir="rtl" class="script-arabic script-Arab" style="font-size: 125%;">ندْ نَخَلَمْ، تَرْ نَا جَفْلَنْتُونَ نَوْلِينَ</span></span> <span style="font-size:130%;line-height:1.35;">&#x200E;</span> |} == Duba kuma == * Pidgin Wolof * Jerin abubuwan da aka tsara na OK == Manazarta == == Littafi Mai Tsarki == ; Ilimin harshe * Pathé Diagne: ''Grammaire de Wolof Moderne'' . Presence Africaine, Paris, Faransa, 1971. * Pape Amadou Gaye: ''Wolof: Hanyar Sauti-Aural'' . Ƙungiyar Aminci ta Amurka, 1980. * Amar Samb: ''Ƙaddamarwa a la Grammaire Wolof'' . Cibiyar Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Jami'ar Dakar, Ifan-Dakar, Sénegal, 1983. * Michael Franke: ''Kauderwelsch, Wolof für den Senegal&nbsp;- Furen wort'' . Reise Know-How Verlag, Bielefeld, Jamus 2002,  . * Michael Franke, Jean Léopold Diouf, Konstantin Pozdniakov : ''Le wolof de poche&nbsp;- Tattaunawar Kit de'' (Littafin jumla / nahawu tare da CD 1). Assimil, Chennevières-sur-Marne, Faransa, 2004  . * Jean-Léopold Diouf, Marina Yaguello: ''J'apprends da Wolof&nbsp;- Damay jàng wolof'' (littafin karatu 1 tare da kaset na sauti 4). Karthala, Paris, Faransa 1991,  . * Michel Malherbe, Cheikh Sall: ''Parlons Wolof&nbsp;– Langue da al’adu'' . L'Harmattan, Paris, Faransa 1989,  (wannan littafin yana amfani da sauƙaƙan rubutun waƙa wanda bai dace da ƙa'idodin CLAD ba; akwai CD). * Jean-Léopold Diouf: ''Grammaire du wolof zamani'' . Karthala, Paris, Faransa 2003,  . * Fallou Ngom: ''Wolof'' . Verlag LINCOM, Munich, Jamus 2003,  . * Sana Camara: ''Wolof Lexicon da Grammar'', NALRC Press, 2006,  . ; Nahawu * Diouf, Jean-Leopold: ''Dictionnaire wolof-français et français-wolof'', Karthala, 2003 * Mamadou Cissé: ''Dictionnaire Français-Wolof'', L'Asiathèque, Paris, 1998,  * Aram Fal, Rosine Santos, Jean Léonce Doneux: ''Dictionnaire wolof-français (suivi d'un index français-wolof)'' . Karthala, Paris, Faransa 1990,  . * Pamela Munro, Dieynaba Gaye: ''Ay Baati Wolof&nbsp;– Kamus na Wolof'' . Takardun Lokaci na UCLA a cikin Linguistics, No. 19, Los Angeles, California, 1997. * Peace Corps Gambia: ''Wollof-English Dictionary'', PO Box 582, Banjul, the Gambia, 1995 (ba ISBN ba; wannan littafin yana nufin yaren da ake magana a cikin Gambiya kawai kuma baya amfani da daidaitaccen rubutun CLAD). * Nyima Kantorek: ''Wolof Dictionary & Jumloli'', Littattafan Hippocrene, 2005,  (wannan littafin yana magana ne akan yaren da ake magana da shi a Gambiya kuma baya amfani da daidaitaccen rubutun CLAD). * Sana Camara: ''Wolof Lexicon da Grammar'', NALRC Press, 2006,  . ; Kamus * .Harold Torrence: ''Tsarin Magana na Wolof: Haƙiƙa cikin Hagu'' . Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins, 2013. * Omar Ka: ''Wolof phonology and Morphology'' . Jami'ar Press ta Amurka, Lanham, Maryland, 1994,  . * Mamadou Cissé: "Aron hoto da haƙiƙanin Afirka" a cikin ''Revue du Musée National d'Ethnologie d'Osaka'', Japan, Yuni 2000. * Mamadou Cissé: ''"Revisiter 'La grammaire de la langue wolof' d'A. Kobes (1869), ou étude critique d'un pan de l'histoire de la grammaire du wolof'' .", in Sudlangues [https://web.archive.org/web/20061216084113/http://www.sudlangues.sn/article82.html Sudlangues.sn], Fabrairu 2005 * Mc Laughlin, Fiona. "Senegal: Wolof birni a da da yanzu." A cikin ''Yarukan Tuntuɓar Birane da Canjin Harshe'', shafi na 47-65. Rana, 2022. * Leigh Swigart: ''Lambobi biyu ko ɗaya?'' ''The insiders 'view and the description of codeswitching in Dakar'', in Carol M. Eastman, Codeswitching. Clevedon/Philadelphia: Abubuwan Harsuna da yawa,  . * Carla Unseth: "Harkokin Wasili a cikin Wolof" a cikin ''Takardun lokaci-lokaci a cikin Linguistics da aka Aiwatar.'' ''Na 7'', 2009. * Fiona McLaughlin: "Dakar Wolof da tsarin asalin birni", ''Journal of African Cultural Studies'' 14/2, 2001, p.&nbsp;153-172 * Gabriele Aïscha Bichler: "Bejo, Curay und Bin-bim? Die Sprache und Kultur der Wolof im Senegal (mit angeschlossenem Lehrbuch Wolof)", ''Europäische Hochschulschriften'' Band 90, Peter Lang Verlagsgruppe, Frankfurt am Main, Jamus 2003,  . * Robert, Stéphane & Rialland, Annie . 2001. Tsarin innation na Wolof. ''Harsuna'' 39, 893-939. doi/10.1515/ling.2001.038/html ; Takardun hukuma * Gwamnatin Senegal, Décret n° 71-566 du 21 mai 1971 relatif à la transcription des langues nationales, modifié par décret n° 72-702 du 16 juin 1972. * Gwamnatin Senegal, Décrets n ° 75-1026 du 10 Oktoba 1975 et n ° 85-1232 du 20 Nuwamba 1985 relatifs à l'orthographe et à la séparation des mots en wolof. * Gwamnatin Senegal, Décret n° 2005-992 du 21 octobre 2005 relatif à l'orthographe et à la séparation des mots en wolof. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Albarkatun Wolof (Mofeko, Omotola Akindipe & Joanna Senghore), [https://wolof.mofeko.com/ Mafi girman albarkatun kan layi don koyan Wolof (tare da tasirin Gambiya)] * [https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/easy-wolof/id597219957?mt=8/ Easy wolof (iPhone aikace-aikace)] * Archived [http://www.abibitumikasa.com/forums/wolof-language-resources/ Harshen Wolof] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602222359/http://www.abibitumikasa.com/forums/wolof-language-resources/ |date=2008-06-02 }} </link> * [http://www.wolofresources.org/language/wolof_language_guide.htm Jagoran Jagora don Koyan Harshen Wolof] * [http://www.wolofonline.com/ Wolof Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417170610/http://www.wolofonline.com/ |date=2012-04-17 }} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=GeDqX9GrUwMC&q=dictionnaire+wolof Kamus na Faransanci-Wolof-Faransa] ana samun sashi a Littattafan Google. * [http://www.bisharat.net/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Wolof PanAfrican L10n shafi akan Wolof] * [http://www.osad-sn.com/ OSAD spécialisee dans l'éducation nonformelle et l'édition des Ouvrages en Langues nationales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513111252/http://www.osad-sn.com/ |date=2008-05-13 }} Archived </link> [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p85sw7lfl5r1u4pyxirjl9fn6dy3xp7 0 71415 823862 457325 2026-04-21T21:49:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yanda Dogon''' yare ne na Dogon da ake magana a [[Mali]] . An bayar da rahoton cewa yana da kama da [[Nan Dogon|Nanga]], wanda aka sani ne kawai daga rahoto daya daga 1953. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Tushen == * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 5] "Binciken harsunan Dogon a Mali: Bayani". OGMIOS: Jaridar Gidauniyar Harsuna Masu Hadari. 3.02 (26): 14–15. An samo shi a 2011-06-30..{{Cite journal|last6=Roger Blench|url-status=14–15}}  == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Dogon/Yanda%20wordlist%20paper.pdf Jerin kalmomin Yanda]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Dendo da Blench, 2005) {{Languages of Mali}} [[Category:Harsunan Mali]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pgfl62lufgctn52qs61kgimouda51yv 0 71702 823888 459308 2026-04-22T00:07:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gaa''', ko '''Tiba''', harshen [[Najeriya]] ne mara kyau. Da alama yana ɗaya daga cikin [[harsunan Dakoid]] . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Littafi Mai Tsarki == * Blench, Roger (2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20140407193342/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/General/Prospecting%20proto-Plateau%20Unicode.pdf 'Prospecting proto-Plateau'] . Rubutun hannu. * Blench, Roger (2011) [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Bantoid/General/Blench%20Bantu%20IV%20Berlin%20Bantoid%202011.pdf 'Mambobi da tsarin ciki na Bantoid da iyaka da Bantu'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919081122/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Bantoid/General/Blench%20Bantu%20IV%20Berlin%20Bantoid%202011.pdf |date=2020-09-19 }} . ''Bantu IV'', Jami'ar Humboldt, Berlin. [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1afvkp9n0rfu6l5iqn7r3s193q9p7kn 0 71872 823893 662820 2026-04-22T00:21:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Harshen Mizo''' yare ne na [[Harsunan Tibeto-Burman|Tibeto-Burman]] wanda ake magana da shi galibi a jihar [[Mizoram]] ta Indiya, inda yake [[harshen gwamnati|harshen hukuma]] da harshen magana. Harshen mahaifiyar [[Mutanen Mizo]] ne da wasu mambobin [[Mizo diaspora]]. Baya ga Mizoram, ana magana da shi a cikin [[Meghalaya]], [[Manipur]], [[Tripura]], da jihohin [[Assam]] na Indiya, [[Yankin Sagaing]] da [[Jihar Chin]] a Myanmar, da Chittagong Hill Tracts na Bangladesh. Yafi dogara <ref>[http://mzuir.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/1034/1/R.%20Zothanliana,%20MIZO.pdf mzuir.inflibnet.ac.in] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304012159/http://mzuir.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/1034/1/R.%20Zothanliana,%20MIZO.pdf |date=2025-03-04 }} (PDF)</ref> akan yaren Lusei amma kuma ya samo kalmomi da yawa daga dangin Mizo da ke kewaye da shi. Harshen kuma san shi da '''Duhlian''' da '''Lushai''', kalmar mulkin mallaka, kamar yadda mutanen Duhlian suka kasance na farko daga cikin Mizos da Birtaniya ta haɗu da su yayin fadada mulkin mallaka. == Tsarin rubuce-rubuce == Harshen Mizo ya dogara ne akan Rubutun Roman kuma yana da haruffa 25, wato: {| class="wikitable" width="400" !Wasika |a |aw |b |ch |d |da kuma |f |g |ng |h |i |j |k |- !Sunan | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ |- |} {| class="wikitable" width="400" !Wasika |l |m |n |o |p |r |s |t |ṭ |u |v |z |- !Sunan | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ | style="font-size:smaller" |sauraraⓘ |- |} A halin yanzu, mishaneri na Kirista na farko na Mizoram, Rev. J.H.Lorrain da Rev. F.W.Savidge ne suka tsara shi, <ref>Lalthangliana, B.: 2001, History and Culture of Mizo in India, Burma and Bangladesh, Aizawl. </ref> bisa Tsarin Hunterian na fassarar. A circumflex ''^'' was later added to the vowels to indicate long vowels, viz., Â''', Ê, Î, Ô, Û''', which were insufficient to fully express Mizo tone. Recently,  a leading newspaper in Mizoram, ''Vanglaini'', the magazine ''[[Kristian Ṭhalai]]'', and other publishers began using Á''', À, Ä, É, È, Ë, Í, Ì, Ï, Ó, Ò, Ö, Ú, Ù, Ü''' to indicate the long intonations and tones. However, this does not differentiate the different intonations that short tones can have. == Dangantaka da wasu harsuna == Harshen Mizo yana <ref>Mc Kinnon, John and Wanat Bruksasri (Editors): The Higlangders of Thailand, Kuala Lumpur, [[Oxford University Press]], 1983, p. 65.</ref> alaƙa da sauran harsunan dangin Sino-Tibetan. Harsunan Kuki-Chin-Mizo (wanda 'yan asalin Mizo ke kira Zohnahth__ckb____ckb________ckb__ / Mizo__) suna da adadi mai yawa na kalmomi iri ɗaya. === Harsunan Mizo da Sino-Tibetan === Tebur mai zuwa <ref>[http://stedt.berkeley.edu/about-st STEDT database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306012943/http://stedt.berkeley.edu/about-st |date=2018-03-06 }}.</ref> nuna kamanceceniya tsakanin Mizo da sauran mambobin dangin Sino-Tibetan. Kalmomin da aka bayar sune cognates, wanda za'a iya gano asalinsa zuwa proto-harshe Proto-Sino-Tibetan (wanda aka ba shi a shafi na farko na teburin). ==Manazarta== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9b9ub47eiz3tgugw5mptzbxunuoe9nb 0 71932 823650 538512 2026-04-21T15:15:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 823650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mai Ezz Eldin''' (an haife ta a ranar 19, ga watan Janairun 1980, a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Masar. Ta yi aiki a fina-finai da jerin fina-fukkuna da yawa kamar Love Journey a cikin 2001, ''Bent benout'' a cikin 2006. ''Ayathon'' a cikin 2006. Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, da ''Kheit harir'' a cikin 2020. <ref>[https://see.news/mai-ezz-eldins-kheit-harir-to-premiere-on-nov-2/ Mai Ezz Eldin’s “Kheit Harir” to Premiere on Nov. 2]</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin 4.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] An haife ta ne a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]] ga mahaifin musulmi da mahaifiyar Kirista. <ref>[https://www.elbalad.news/4662122 في عيد ميلاد مي عز الدين.. تعرف على عمرها]</ref> zauna a can na tsawon shekaru hudu kafin ta tafi Misira. Ta zauna a Alexandria inda ta kammala karatu. <ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> kammala karatu a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Alexandria. == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko shi ne fim din Love Journey na 2001, tare da Mohamed Fouad wanda ya kawo ta shahara. Har ila yau, tana da matsayi mai ban dariya da yawa kamar ''Ayathon'' a cikin 200. ''Shikamara'' a cikin 2007, Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, Umar & Salma 2 a cikin 2009, Omar & Salme 3 a cikin 2012, da Game Over a cikin 2012. <ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> ila yau, tana da shahararrun matsayi da yawa a cikin jerin kamar Where is My Heart a 2002, tare da Yousra, The Truth and Mirage a 2003, tare da [[Fifi Abdou]] da Yousuf Shaaban, Interview on Live a 2004, ''Bent Benout'' a 2006, ''Adamu'' a 2011, tare da Tamer Hosny, The Suspicion a 2013, ''Dalaa Albanat'' a 2014, tare da Kinda Alloush, Letters a 2018, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta actress daga mujallar Der mafi kyawun ''Baƙo'', <ref>[https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1341983 مي عز الدين تحصد جائزة أفضل ممثلة عن مسلسل «رسايل»]</ref> Princess Beesa a 2019. == Rayuwa ta mutum == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] Ba ta da aure kuma ba ta da aure. Ta kasance ta yi alkawari da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Masar [[Muhammad Zidan|Mohamed Zidan]] amma ta rabu a shekara ta 2009. <ref>[https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/5/15/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87/4775956 محمد زيدان يكشف سبب انفصاله عن مي عز الدين واعتزاله مبكرا]</ref> <ref>[https://www.elfann.com/news/show/1226930/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A مي عز الدين وماريتا الحلاني وغيرهما من الفنانات اختلفن في الدين مع والداتهن.. فكيف تربين؟]</ref> bayyana cewa yayin da mahaifiyarta Kirista ce, an tashe ta ne don yin imani da Islama. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fina-finai === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2001 |''Tafiyar Soyayya'' |Mayu |- |2003 |''Tattaunawa da Mama'' |Dalia |- |2004 |''Farara'' |Shokreya |- |2004 |''Kimo da Anthemo'' |Samia |- |2005 |''Booha'' |Ketta |- |2006 |''Ayathon'' |Rashin jituwa / Nesma / Zebda |- |2006 |''Cin amana mai adalci'' |Reem |- |2007 |''[[Omar da Salma]]'' |Salma |- |2007 |''Agamista'' |Abin sha |- |2007 |''Shikamara'' |Shikamara da Gayda |- |2008 |''Ƙaunar Barci'' |Nesma |- |2009 |''[[Omar & Salma 2]]'' |Salma |- |2010 |''Lembi 8 gega'' |Naglaa |- |2012 |''Omar & Salma 3'' |Salma |- |2019 |''Kudin'' |kanta |} === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Sunan !Matsayi |- |2002 |''Ina Zuciyata'' |Farara |- |2003 |''Gaskiya da Mirage'' |Manal |- |2004 |''Mahood Almasry'' |Yasmin |- |2004 |''Wanene Zai Sayi Wannan Furen'' |Sherwit |- |2004 |''Tattaunawa a Rayuwa'' |Shahd |- |2006 |''Bent Benout'' |Nawwara |- |2010 |''Maza da Mata shida'' |kanta |- |2010 |''Shari'ar Safiya'' |Safeya |- |2011 |''Adamu'' |Nancy |- |2013 |''Tsammani'' |Wasila |- |2014 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata da suke Bukatar'' |Korya |- |2015 |''Matsalar soyayya'' |Malak / Eshk |- |2016 |''Waad'' |Waad |- |2018 |''Wasiƙu'' |Hala |- |2019 |''Gimbiya Beesa'' |Beesa / Sekseka |- |2020 |''Kheit Hareer'' |Mesk |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm1662409/" id="mwAQ0" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Mayy Izzuddin a cikin IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] dlt6r4c5ra89nyarrb2bp3k7f6jrwfm 823651 823650 2026-04-21T15:16:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 823651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mai Ezz Eldin''' (an haife ta a ranar 19, ga watan Janairun 1980, a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Masar. Ta yi aiki a fina-finai da jerin fina-fukkuna da yawa kamar Love Journey a cikin 2001, ''Bent benout'' a cikin 2006. ''Ayathon'' a cikin 2006. Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, da ''Kheit harir'' a cikin 2020.<ref>[https://see.news/mai-ezz-eldins-kheit-harir-to-premiere-on-nov-2/ Mai Ezz Eldin’s “Kheit Harir” to Premiere on Nov. 2]</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin 4.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] An haife ta ne a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]] ga mahaifin musulmi da mahaifiyar Kirista. <ref>[https://www.elbalad.news/4662122 في عيد ميلاد مي عز الدين.. تعرف على عمرها]</ref> zauna a can na tsawon shekaru hudu kafin ta tafi Misira. Ta zauna a Alexandria inda ta kammala karatu. <ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> kammala karatu a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Alexandria. == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko shi ne fim din Love Journey na 2001, tare da Mohamed Fouad wanda ya kawo ta shahara. Har ila yau, tana da matsayi mai ban dariya da yawa kamar ''Ayathon'' a cikin 200. ''Shikamara'' a cikin 2007, Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, Umar & Salma 2 a cikin 2009, Omar & Salme 3 a cikin 2012, da Game Over a cikin 2012. <ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> ila yau, tana da shahararrun matsayi da yawa a cikin jerin kamar Where is My Heart a 2002, tare da Yousra, The Truth and Mirage a 2003, tare da [[Fifi Abdou]] da Yousuf Shaaban, Interview on Live a 2004, ''Bent Benout'' a 2006, ''Adamu'' a 2011, tare da Tamer Hosny, The Suspicion a 2013, ''Dalaa Albanat'' a 2014, tare da Kinda Alloush, Letters a 2018, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta actress daga mujallar Der mafi kyawun ''Baƙo'', <ref>[https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1341983 مي عز الدين تحصد جائزة أفضل ممثلة عن مسلسل «رسايل»]</ref> Princess Beesa a 2019. == Rayuwa ta mutum == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] Ba ta da aure kuma ba ta da aure. Ta kasance ta yi alkawari da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Masar [[Muhammad Zidan|Mohamed Zidan]] amma ta rabu a shekara ta 2009. <ref>[https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/5/15/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87/4775956 محمد زيدان يكشف سبب انفصاله عن مي عز الدين واعتزاله مبكرا]</ref> <ref>[https://www.elfann.com/news/show/1226930/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A مي عز الدين وماريتا الحلاني وغيرهما من الفنانات اختلفن في الدين مع والداتهن.. فكيف تربين؟]</ref> bayyana cewa yayin da mahaifiyarta Kirista ce, an tashe ta ne don yin imani da Islama. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fina-finai === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2001 |''Tafiyar Soyayya'' |Mayu |- |2003 |''Tattaunawa da Mama'' |Dalia |- |2004 |''Farara'' |Shokreya |- |2004 |''Kimo da Anthemo'' |Samia |- |2005 |''Booha'' |Ketta |- |2006 |''Ayathon'' |Rashin jituwa / Nesma / Zebda |- |2006 |''Cin amana mai adalci'' |Reem |- |2007 |''[[Omar da Salma]]'' |Salma |- |2007 |''Agamista'' |Abin sha |- |2007 |''Shikamara'' |Shikamara da Gayda |- |2008 |''Ƙaunar Barci'' |Nesma |- |2009 |''[[Omar & Salma 2]]'' |Salma |- |2010 |''Lembi 8 gega'' |Naglaa |- |2012 |''Omar & Salma 3'' |Salma |- |2019 |''Kudin'' |kanta |} === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Sunan !Matsayi |- |2002 |''Ina Zuciyata'' |Farara |- |2003 |''Gaskiya da Mirage'' |Manal |- |2004 |''Mahood Almasry'' |Yasmin |- |2004 |''Wanene Zai Sayi Wannan Furen'' |Sherwit |- |2004 |''Tattaunawa a Rayuwa'' |Shahd |- |2006 |''Bent Benout'' |Nawwara |- |2010 |''Maza da Mata shida'' |kanta |- |2010 |''Shari'ar Safiya'' |Safeya |- |2011 |''Adamu'' |Nancy |- |2013 |''Tsammani'' |Wasila |- |2014 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata da suke Bukatar'' |Korya |- |2015 |''Matsalar soyayya'' |Malak / Eshk |- |2016 |''Waad'' |Waad |- |2018 |''Wasiƙu'' |Hala |- |2019 |''Gimbiya Beesa'' |Beesa / Sekseka |- |2020 |''Kheit Hareer'' |Mesk |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm1662409/" id="mwAQ0" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Mayy Izzuddin a cikin IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] qdb0rlt0bhic9isykgz8pwmjz9jq7fs 823652 823651 2026-04-21T15:16:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 823652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mai Ezz Eldin''' (an haife ta a ranar 19, ga watan Janairun 1980, a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Masar. Ta yi aiki a fina-finai da jerin fina-fukkuna da yawa kamar Love Journey a cikin 2001, ''Bent benout'' a cikin 2006. ''Ayathon'' a cikin 2006. Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, da ''Kheit harir'' a cikin 2020.<ref>[https://see.news/mai-ezz-eldins-kheit-harir-to-premiere-on-nov-2/ Mai Ezz Eldin’s “Kheit Harir” to Premiere on Nov. 2]</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin 4.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] An haife ta ne a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]] ga mahaifin musulmi da mahaifiyar Kirista. <ref>[https://www.elbalad.news/4662122 في عيد ميلاد مي عز الدين.. تعرف على عمرها]</ref> zauna a can na tsawon shekaru hudu kafin ta tafi Misira. Ta zauna a Alexandria inda ta kammala karatu. <ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> kammala karatu a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Alexandria. == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko shi ne fim din Love Journey na 2001, tare da Mohamed Fouad wanda ya kawo ta shahara. Har ila yau, tana da matsayi mai ban dariya da yawa kamar ''Ayathon'' a cikin 200. ''Shikamara'' a cikin 2007, Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, Umar & Salma 2 a cikin 2009, Omar & Salme 3 a cikin 2012, da Game Over a cikin 2012. <ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> ila yau, tana da shahararrun matsayi da yawa a cikin jerin kamar Where is My Heart a 2002, tare da Yousra, The Truth and Mirage a 2003, tare da [[Fifi Abdou]] da Yousuf Shaaban, Interview on Live a 2004, ''Bent Benout'' a 2006, ''Adamu'' a 2011, tare da Tamer Hosny, The Suspicion a 2013, ''Dalaa Albanat'' a 2014, tare da Kinda Alloush, Letters a 2018, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta actress daga mujallar Der mafi kyawun ''Baƙo'', <ref>[https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1341983 مي عز الدين تحصد جائزة أفضل ممثلة عن مسلسل «رسايل»]</ref> Princess Beesa a 2019. == Rayuwa ta mutum == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] Ba ta da aure kuma ba ta da aure. Ta kasance ta yi alkawari da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Masar [[Muhammad Zidan|Mohamed Zidan]] amma ta rabu a shekara ta 2009. <ref>[https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/5/15/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87/4775956 محمد زيدان يكشف سبب انفصاله عن مي عز الدين واعتزاله مبكرا]</ref> <ref>[https://www.elfann.com/news/show/1226930/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A مي عز الدين وماريتا الحلاني وغيرهما من الفنانات اختلفن في الدين مع والداتهن.. فكيف تربين؟]</ref> bayyana cewa yayin da mahaifiyarta Kirista ce, an tashe ta ne don yin imani da Islama. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fina-finai === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2001 |''Tafiyar Soyayya'' |Mayu |- |2003 |''Tattaunawa da Mama'' |Dalia |- |2004 |''Farara'' |Shokreya |- |2004 |''Kimo da Anthemo'' |Samia |- |2005 |''Booha'' |Ketta |- |2006 |''Ayathon'' |Rashin jituwa / Nesma / Zebda |- |2006 |''Cin amana mai adalci'' |Reem |- |2007 |''[[Omar da Salma]]'' |Salma |- |2007 |''Agamista'' |Abin sha |- |2007 |''Shikamara'' |Shikamara da Gayda |- |2008 |''Ƙaunar Barci'' |Nesma |- |2009 |''[[Omar & Salma 2]]'' |Salma |- |2010 |''Lembi 8 gega'' |Naglaa |- |2012 |''Omar & Salma 3'' |Salma |- |2019 |''Kudin'' |kanta |} === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Sunan !Matsayi |- |2002 |''Ina Zuciyata'' |Farara |- |2003 |''Gaskiya da Mirage'' |Manal |- |2004 |''Mahood Almasry'' |Yasmin |- |2004 |''Wanene Zai Sayi Wannan Furen'' |Sherwit |- |2004 |''Tattaunawa a Rayuwa'' |Shahd |- |2006 |''Bent Benout'' |Nawwara |- |2010 |''Maza da Mata shida'' |kanta |- |2010 |''Shari'ar Safiya'' |Safeya |- |2011 |''Adamu'' |Nancy |- |2013 |''Tsammani'' |Wasila |- |2014 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata da suke Bukatar'' |Korya |- |2015 |''Matsalar soyayya'' |Malak / Eshk |- |2016 |''Waad'' |Waad |- |2018 |''Wasiƙu'' |Hala |- |2019 |''Gimbiya Beesa'' |Beesa / Sekseka |- |2020 |''Kheit Hareer'' |Mesk |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm1662409/" id="mwAQ0" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Mayy Izzuddin a cikin IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] 7f4cx7vdpxxu8ikuydcja9r3s22y01o 823653 823652 2026-04-21T15:16:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 823653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mai Ezz Eldin''' (an haife ta a ranar 19, ga watan Janairun 1980, a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Masar. Ta yi aiki a fina-finai da jerin fina-fukkuna da yawa kamar Love Journey a cikin 2001, ''Bent benout'' a cikin 2006. ''Ayathon'' a cikin 2006. Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, da ''Kheit harir'' a cikin 2020.<ref>[https://see.news/mai-ezz-eldins-kheit-harir-to-premiere-on-nov-2/ Mai Ezz Eldin’s “Kheit Harir” to Premiere on Nov. 2]</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin 4.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] An haife ta ne a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]] ga mahaifin musulmi da mahaifiyar Kirista. <ref>[https://www.elbalad.news/4662122 في عيد ميلاد مي عز الدين.. تعرف على عمرها]</ref> zauna a can na tsawon shekaru hudu kafin ta tafi Misira. Ta zauna a Alexandria inda ta kammala karatu.<ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> kammala karatu a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Alexandria. == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko shi ne fim din Love Journey na 2001, tare da Mohamed Fouad wanda ya kawo ta shahara. Har ila yau, tana da matsayi mai ban dariya da yawa kamar ''Ayathon'' a cikin 200. ''Shikamara'' a cikin 2007, Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, Umar & Salma 2 a cikin 2009, Omar & Salme 3 a cikin 2012, da Game Over a cikin 2012. <ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> ila yau, tana da shahararrun matsayi da yawa a cikin jerin kamar Where is My Heart a 2002, tare da Yousra, The Truth and Mirage a 2003, tare da [[Fifi Abdou]] da Yousuf Shaaban, Interview on Live a 2004, ''Bent Benout'' a 2006, ''Adamu'' a 2011, tare da Tamer Hosny, The Suspicion a 2013, ''Dalaa Albanat'' a 2014, tare da Kinda Alloush, Letters a 2018, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta actress daga mujallar Der mafi kyawun ''Baƙo'', <ref>[https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1341983 مي عز الدين تحصد جائزة أفضل ممثلة عن مسلسل «رسايل»]</ref> Princess Beesa a 2019. == Rayuwa ta mutum == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] Ba ta da aure kuma ba ta da aure. Ta kasance ta yi alkawari da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Masar [[Muhammad Zidan|Mohamed Zidan]] amma ta rabu a shekara ta 2009. <ref>[https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/5/15/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87/4775956 محمد زيدان يكشف سبب انفصاله عن مي عز الدين واعتزاله مبكرا]</ref> <ref>[https://www.elfann.com/news/show/1226930/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A مي عز الدين وماريتا الحلاني وغيرهما من الفنانات اختلفن في الدين مع والداتهن.. فكيف تربين؟]</ref> bayyana cewa yayin da mahaifiyarta Kirista ce, an tashe ta ne don yin imani da Islama. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fina-finai === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2001 |''Tafiyar Soyayya'' |Mayu |- |2003 |''Tattaunawa da Mama'' |Dalia |- |2004 |''Farara'' |Shokreya |- |2004 |''Kimo da Anthemo'' |Samia |- |2005 |''Booha'' |Ketta |- |2006 |''Ayathon'' |Rashin jituwa / Nesma / Zebda |- |2006 |''Cin amana mai adalci'' |Reem |- |2007 |''[[Omar da Salma]]'' |Salma |- |2007 |''Agamista'' |Abin sha |- |2007 |''Shikamara'' |Shikamara da Gayda |- |2008 |''Ƙaunar Barci'' |Nesma |- |2009 |''[[Omar & Salma 2]]'' |Salma |- |2010 |''Lembi 8 gega'' |Naglaa |- |2012 |''Omar & Salma 3'' |Salma |- |2019 |''Kudin'' |kanta |} === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Sunan !Matsayi |- |2002 |''Ina Zuciyata'' |Farara |- |2003 |''Gaskiya da Mirage'' |Manal |- |2004 |''Mahood Almasry'' |Yasmin |- |2004 |''Wanene Zai Sayi Wannan Furen'' |Sherwit |- |2004 |''Tattaunawa a Rayuwa'' |Shahd |- |2006 |''Bent Benout'' |Nawwara |- |2010 |''Maza da Mata shida'' |kanta |- |2010 |''Shari'ar Safiya'' |Safeya |- |2011 |''Adamu'' |Nancy |- |2013 |''Tsammani'' |Wasila |- |2014 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata da suke Bukatar'' |Korya |- |2015 |''Matsalar soyayya'' |Malak / Eshk |- |2016 |''Waad'' |Waad |- |2018 |''Wasiƙu'' |Hala |- |2019 |''Gimbiya Beesa'' |Beesa / Sekseka |- |2020 |''Kheit Hareer'' |Mesk |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm1662409/" id="mwAQ0" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Mayy Izzuddin a cikin IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] 590ta7mv0m3exu1g6wmi8i0knflsxyh 823654 823653 2026-04-21T15:17:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 823654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mai Ezz Eldin''' (an haife ta a ranar 19, ga watan Janairun 1980, a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Masar. Ta yi aiki a fina-finai da jerin fina-fukkuna da yawa kamar Love Journey a cikin 2001, ''Bent benout'' a cikin 2006. ''Ayathon'' a cikin 2006. Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, da ''Kheit harir'' a cikin 2020.<ref>[https://see.news/mai-ezz-eldins-kheit-harir-to-premiere-on-nov-2/ Mai Ezz Eldin’s “Kheit Harir” to Premiere on Nov. 2]</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin 4.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] An haife ta ne a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]] ga mahaifin musulmi da mahaifiyar Kirista. <ref>[https://www.elbalad.news/4662122 في عيد ميلاد مي عز الدين.. تعرف على عمرها]</ref> zauna a can na tsawon shekaru hudu kafin ta tafi Misira. Ta zauna a Alexandria inda ta kammala karatu.<ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> kammala karatu a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Alexandria. == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko shi ne fim din Love Journey na 2001, tare da Mohamed Fouad wanda ya kawo ta shahara. Har ila yau, tana da matsayi mai ban dariya da yawa kamar ''Ayathon'' a cikin 200. ''Shikamara'' a cikin 2007, Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, Umar & Salma 2 a cikin 2009, Omar & Salme 3 a cikin 2012, da Game Over a cikin 2012.<ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> ila yau, tana da shahararrun matsayi da yawa a cikin jerin kamar Where is My Heart a 2002, tare da Yousra, The Truth and Mirage a 2003, tare da [[Fifi Abdou]] da Yousuf Shaaban, Interview on Live a 2004, ''Bent Benout'' a 2006, ''Adamu'' a 2011, tare da Tamer Hosny, The Suspicion a 2013, ''Dalaa Albanat'' a 2014, tare da Kinda Alloush, Letters a 2018, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta actress daga mujallar Der mafi kyawun ''Baƙo'', <ref>[https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1341983 مي عز الدين تحصد جائزة أفضل ممثلة عن مسلسل «رسايل»]</ref> Princess Beesa a 2019. == Rayuwa ta mutum == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] Ba ta da aure kuma ba ta da aure. Ta kasance ta yi alkawari da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Masar [[Muhammad Zidan|Mohamed Zidan]] amma ta rabu a shekara ta 2009. <ref>[https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/5/15/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87/4775956 محمد زيدان يكشف سبب انفصاله عن مي عز الدين واعتزاله مبكرا]</ref> <ref>[https://www.elfann.com/news/show/1226930/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A مي عز الدين وماريتا الحلاني وغيرهما من الفنانات اختلفن في الدين مع والداتهن.. فكيف تربين؟]</ref> bayyana cewa yayin da mahaifiyarta Kirista ce, an tashe ta ne don yin imani da Islama. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fina-finai === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2001 |''Tafiyar Soyayya'' |Mayu |- |2003 |''Tattaunawa da Mama'' |Dalia |- |2004 |''Farara'' |Shokreya |- |2004 |''Kimo da Anthemo'' |Samia |- |2005 |''Booha'' |Ketta |- |2006 |''Ayathon'' |Rashin jituwa / Nesma / Zebda |- |2006 |''Cin amana mai adalci'' |Reem |- |2007 |''[[Omar da Salma]]'' |Salma |- |2007 |''Agamista'' |Abin sha |- |2007 |''Shikamara'' |Shikamara da Gayda |- |2008 |''Ƙaunar Barci'' |Nesma |- |2009 |''[[Omar & Salma 2]]'' |Salma |- |2010 |''Lembi 8 gega'' |Naglaa |- |2012 |''Omar & Salma 3'' |Salma |- |2019 |''Kudin'' |kanta |} === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Sunan !Matsayi |- |2002 |''Ina Zuciyata'' |Farara |- |2003 |''Gaskiya da Mirage'' |Manal |- |2004 |''Mahood Almasry'' |Yasmin |- |2004 |''Wanene Zai Sayi Wannan Furen'' |Sherwit |- |2004 |''Tattaunawa a Rayuwa'' |Shahd |- |2006 |''Bent Benout'' |Nawwara |- |2010 |''Maza da Mata shida'' |kanta |- |2010 |''Shari'ar Safiya'' |Safeya |- |2011 |''Adamu'' |Nancy |- |2013 |''Tsammani'' |Wasila |- |2014 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata da suke Bukatar'' |Korya |- |2015 |''Matsalar soyayya'' |Malak / Eshk |- |2016 |''Waad'' |Waad |- |2018 |''Wasiƙu'' |Hala |- |2019 |''Gimbiya Beesa'' |Beesa / Sekseka |- |2020 |''Kheit Hareer'' |Mesk |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm1662409/" id="mwAQ0" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Mayy Izzuddin a cikin IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] nprl0c67qudzz525bziac9rvcuwprg5 823655 823654 2026-04-21T15:17:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 823655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mai Ezz Eldin''' (an haife ta a ranar 19, ga watan Janairun 1980, a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Masar. Ta yi aiki a fina-finai da jerin fina-fukkuna da yawa kamar Love Journey a cikin 2001, ''Bent benout'' a cikin 2006. ''Ayathon'' a cikin 2006. Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, da ''Kheit harir'' a cikin 2020.<ref>[https://see.news/mai-ezz-eldins-kheit-harir-to-premiere-on-nov-2/ Mai Ezz Eldin’s “Kheit Harir” to Premiere on Nov. 2]</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin 4.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] An haife ta ne a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]] ga mahaifin musulmi da mahaifiyar Kirista. <ref>[https://www.elbalad.news/4662122 في عيد ميلاد مي عز الدين.. تعرف على عمرها]</ref> zauna a can na tsawon shekaru hudu kafin ta tafi Misira. Ta zauna a Alexandria inda ta kammala karatu.<ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> kammala karatu a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Alexandria. == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko shi ne fim din Love Journey na 2001, tare da Mohamed Fouad wanda ya kawo ta shahara. Har ila yau, tana da matsayi mai ban dariya da yawa kamar ''Ayathon'' a cikin 200. ''Shikamara'' a cikin 2007, Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, Umar & Salma 2 a cikin 2009, Omar & Salme 3 a cikin 2012, da Game Over a cikin 2012.<ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> ila yau, tana da shahararrun matsayi da yawa a cikin jerin kamar Where is My Heart a 2002, tare da Yousra, The Truth and Mirage a 2003, tare da [[Fifi Abdou]] da Yousuf Shaaban, Interview on Live a 2004, ''Bent Benout'' a 2006, ''Adamu'' a 2011, tare da Tamer Hosny, The Suspicion a 2013, ''Dalaa Albanat'' a 2014, tare da Kinda Alloush, Letters a 2018, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta actress daga mujallar Der mafi kyawun ''Baƙo'',<ref>[https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1341983 مي عز الدين تحصد جائزة أفضل ممثلة عن مسلسل «رسايل»]</ref> Princess Beesa a 2019. == Rayuwa ta mutum == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] Ba ta da aure kuma ba ta da aure. Ta kasance ta yi alkawari da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Masar [[Muhammad Zidan|Mohamed Zidan]] amma ta rabu a shekara ta 2009. <ref>[https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/5/15/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87/4775956 محمد زيدان يكشف سبب انفصاله عن مي عز الدين واعتزاله مبكرا]</ref> <ref>[https://www.elfann.com/news/show/1226930/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A مي عز الدين وماريتا الحلاني وغيرهما من الفنانات اختلفن في الدين مع والداتهن.. فكيف تربين؟]</ref> bayyana cewa yayin da mahaifiyarta Kirista ce, an tashe ta ne don yin imani da Islama. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fina-finai === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2001 |''Tafiyar Soyayya'' |Mayu |- |2003 |''Tattaunawa da Mama'' |Dalia |- |2004 |''Farara'' |Shokreya |- |2004 |''Kimo da Anthemo'' |Samia |- |2005 |''Booha'' |Ketta |- |2006 |''Ayathon'' |Rashin jituwa / Nesma / Zebda |- |2006 |''Cin amana mai adalci'' |Reem |- |2007 |''[[Omar da Salma]]'' |Salma |- |2007 |''Agamista'' |Abin sha |- |2007 |''Shikamara'' |Shikamara da Gayda |- |2008 |''Ƙaunar Barci'' |Nesma |- |2009 |''[[Omar & Salma 2]]'' |Salma |- |2010 |''Lembi 8 gega'' |Naglaa |- |2012 |''Omar & Salma 3'' |Salma |- |2019 |''Kudin'' |kanta |} === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Sunan !Matsayi |- |2002 |''Ina Zuciyata'' |Farara |- |2003 |''Gaskiya da Mirage'' |Manal |- |2004 |''Mahood Almasry'' |Yasmin |- |2004 |''Wanene Zai Sayi Wannan Furen'' |Sherwit |- |2004 |''Tattaunawa a Rayuwa'' |Shahd |- |2006 |''Bent Benout'' |Nawwara |- |2010 |''Maza da Mata shida'' |kanta |- |2010 |''Shari'ar Safiya'' |Safeya |- |2011 |''Adamu'' |Nancy |- |2013 |''Tsammani'' |Wasila |- |2014 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata da suke Bukatar'' |Korya |- |2015 |''Matsalar soyayya'' |Malak / Eshk |- |2016 |''Waad'' |Waad |- |2018 |''Wasiƙu'' |Hala |- |2019 |''Gimbiya Beesa'' |Beesa / Sekseka |- |2020 |''Kheit Hareer'' |Mesk |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm1662409/" id="mwAQ0" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Mayy Izzuddin a cikin IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] q7dphybtixfer40885asir3znmmaq4a 823656 823655 2026-04-21T15:17:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 823656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mai Ezz Eldin''' (an haife ta a ranar 19, ga watan Janairun 1980, a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Masar. Ta yi aiki a fina-finai da jerin fina-fukkuna da yawa kamar Love Journey a cikin 2001, ''Bent benout'' a cikin 2006. ''Ayathon'' a cikin 2006. Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, da ''Kheit harir'' a cikin 2020.<ref>[https://see.news/mai-ezz-eldins-kheit-harir-to-premiere-on-nov-2/ Mai Ezz Eldin’s “Kheit Harir” to Premiere on Nov. 2]</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin 4.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] An haife ta ne a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]] ga mahaifin musulmi da mahaifiyar Kirista. <ref>[https://www.elbalad.news/4662122 في عيد ميلاد مي عز الدين.. تعرف على عمرها]</ref> zauna a can na tsawon shekaru hudu kafin ta tafi Misira. Ta zauna a Alexandria inda ta kammala karatu.<ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> kammala karatu a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Alexandria. == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko shi ne fim din Love Journey na 2001, tare da Mohamed Fouad wanda ya kawo ta shahara. Har ila yau, tana da matsayi mai ban dariya da yawa kamar ''Ayathon'' a cikin 200. ''Shikamara'' a cikin 2007, Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, Umar & Salma 2 a cikin 2009, Omar & Salme 3 a cikin 2012, da Game Over a cikin 2012.<ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> ila yau, tana da shahararrun matsayi da yawa a cikin jerin kamar Where is My Heart a 2002, tare da Yousra, The Truth and Mirage a 2003, tare da [[Fifi Abdou]] da Yousuf Shaaban, Interview on Live a 2004, ''Bent Benout'' a 2006, ''Adamu'' a 2011, tare da Tamer Hosny, The Suspicion a 2013, ''Dalaa Albanat'' a 2014, tare da Kinda Alloush, Letters a 2018, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta actress daga mujallar Der mafi kyawun ''Baƙo'',<ref>[https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1341983 مي عز الدين تحصد جائزة أفضل ممثلة عن مسلسل «رسايل»]</ref> Princess Beesa a 2019. == Rayuwa ta mutum == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] Ba ta da aure kuma ba ta da aure. Ta kasance ta yi alkawari da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Masar [[Muhammad Zidan|Mohamed Zidan]] amma ta rabu a shekara ta 2009.<ref>[https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/5/15/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87/4775956 محمد زيدان يكشف سبب انفصاله عن مي عز الدين واعتزاله مبكرا]</ref><ref>[https://www.elfann.com/news/show/1226930/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A مي عز الدين وماريتا الحلاني وغيرهما من الفنانات اختلفن في الدين مع والداتهن.. فكيف تربين؟]</ref> bayyana cewa yayin da mahaifiyarta Kirista ce, an tashe ta ne don yin imani da Islama. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fina-finai === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2001 |''Tafiyar Soyayya'' |Mayu |- |2003 |''Tattaunawa da Mama'' |Dalia |- |2004 |''Farara'' |Shokreya |- |2004 |''Kimo da Anthemo'' |Samia |- |2005 |''Booha'' |Ketta |- |2006 |''Ayathon'' |Rashin jituwa / Nesma / Zebda |- |2006 |''Cin amana mai adalci'' |Reem |- |2007 |''[[Omar da Salma]]'' |Salma |- |2007 |''Agamista'' |Abin sha |- |2007 |''Shikamara'' |Shikamara da Gayda |- |2008 |''Ƙaunar Barci'' |Nesma |- |2009 |''[[Omar & Salma 2]]'' |Salma |- |2010 |''Lembi 8 gega'' |Naglaa |- |2012 |''Omar & Salma 3'' |Salma |- |2019 |''Kudin'' |kanta |} === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Sunan !Matsayi |- |2002 |''Ina Zuciyata'' |Farara |- |2003 |''Gaskiya da Mirage'' |Manal |- |2004 |''Mahood Almasry'' |Yasmin |- |2004 |''Wanene Zai Sayi Wannan Furen'' |Sherwit |- |2004 |''Tattaunawa a Rayuwa'' |Shahd |- |2006 |''Bent Benout'' |Nawwara |- |2010 |''Maza da Mata shida'' |kanta |- |2010 |''Shari'ar Safiya'' |Safeya |- |2011 |''Adamu'' |Nancy |- |2013 |''Tsammani'' |Wasila |- |2014 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata da suke Bukatar'' |Korya |- |2015 |''Matsalar soyayya'' |Malak / Eshk |- |2016 |''Waad'' |Waad |- |2018 |''Wasiƙu'' |Hala |- |2019 |''Gimbiya Beesa'' |Beesa / Sekseka |- |2020 |''Kheit Hareer'' |Mesk |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm1662409/" id="mwAQ0" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Mayy Izzuddin a cikin IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] f5jkyetnifqw79ug9zgmcuhh5iujnnp 823657 823656 2026-04-21T15:17:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 823657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mai Ezz Eldin''' (an haife ta a ranar 19, ga watan Janairun 1980, a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]]) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Masar. Ta yi aiki a fina-finai da jerin fina-fukkuna da yawa kamar Love Journey a cikin 2001, ''Bent benout'' a cikin 2006. ''Ayathon'' a cikin 2006. Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, da ''Kheit harir'' a cikin 2020.<ref>[https://see.news/mai-ezz-eldins-kheit-harir-to-premiere-on-nov-2/ Mai Ezz Eldin’s “Kheit Harir” to Premiere on Nov. 2]</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin 4.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] An haife ta ne a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]] ga mahaifin musulmi da mahaifiyar Kirista. <ref>[https://www.elbalad.news/4662122 في عيد ميلاد مي عز الدين.. تعرف على عمرها]</ref> zauna a can na tsawon shekaru hudu kafin ta tafi Misira. Ta zauna a Alexandria inda ta kammala karatu.<ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> kammala karatu a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Alexandria. == Ayyuka == Matsayinta na farko shi ne fim din Love Journey na 2001, tare da Mohamed Fouad wanda ya kawo ta shahara. Har ila yau, tana da matsayi mai ban dariya da yawa kamar ''Ayathon'' a cikin 200. ''Shikamara'' a cikin 2007, Omar & Salma a cikin 2007, Umar & Salma 2 a cikin 2009, Omar & Salme 3 a cikin 2012, da Game Over a cikin 2012.<ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/66390/Mai-Ezz-el-Din-to-perform-2-roles-in-Princess Mai Ezz el-Din to perform 2 roles in 'Princess Beesa']</ref> ila yau, tana da shahararrun matsayi da yawa a cikin jerin kamar Where is My Heart a 2002, tare da Yousra, The Truth and Mirage a 2003, tare da [[Fifi Abdou]] da Yousuf Shaaban, Interview on Live a 2004, ''Bent Benout'' a 2006, ''Adamu'' a 2011, tare da Tamer Hosny, The Suspicion a 2013, ''Dalaa Albanat'' a 2014, tare da Kinda Alloush, Letters a 2018, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta actress daga mujallar Der mafi kyawun ''Baƙo'',<ref>[https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1341983 مي عز الدين تحصد جائزة أفضل ممثلة عن مسلسل «رسايل»]</ref> Princess Beesa a 2019. == Rayuwa ta mutum == [[Fayil:Mai Ezz Eddin.png|thumb|Mai Ezz Eldin]] Ba ta da aure kuma ba ta da aure. Ta kasance ta yi alkawari da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Masar [[Muhammad Zidan|Mohamed Zidan]] amma ta rabu a shekara ta 2009.<ref>[https://www.youm7.com/story/2020/5/15/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87/4775956 محمد زيدان يكشف سبب انفصاله عن مي عز الدين واعتزاله مبكرا]</ref><ref>[https://www.elfann.com/news/show/1226930/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A مي عز الدين وماريتا الحلاني وغيرهما من الفنانات اختلفن في الدين مع والداتهن.. فكيف تربين؟]</ref> bayyana cewa yayin da mahaifiyarta Kirista ce, an tashe ta ne don yin imani da Islama. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fina-finai === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2001 |''Tafiyar Soyayya'' |Mayu |- |2003 |''Tattaunawa da Mama'' |Dalia |- |2004 |''Farara'' |Shokreya |- |2004 |''Kimo da Anthemo'' |Samia |- |2005 |''Booha'' |Ketta |- |2006 |''Ayathon'' |Rashin jituwa / Nesma / Zebda |- |2006 |''Cin amana mai adalci'' |Reem |- |2007 |''[[Omar da Salma]]'' |Salma |- |2007 |''Agamista'' |Abin sha |- |2007 |''Shikamara'' |Shikamara da Gayda |- |2008 |''Ƙaunar Barci'' |Nesma |- |2009 |''[[Omar & Salma 2]]'' |Salma |- |2010 |''Lembi 8 gega'' |Naglaa |- |2012 |''Omar & Salma 3'' |Salma |- |2019 |''Kudin'' |kanta |} === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Sunan !Matsayi |- |2002 |''Ina Zuciyata'' |Farara |- |2003 |''Gaskiya da Mirage'' |Manal |- |2004 |''Mahood Almasry'' |Yasmin |- |2004 |''Wanene Zai Sayi Wannan Furen'' |Sherwit |- |2004 |''Tattaunawa a Rayuwa'' |Shahd |- |2006 |''Bent Benout'' |Nawwara |- |2010 |''Maza da Mata shida'' |kanta |- |2010 |''Shari'ar Safiya'' |Safeya |- |2011 |''Adamu'' |Nancy |- |2013 |''Tsammani'' |Wasila |- |2014 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata da suke Bukatar'' |Korya |- |2015 |''Matsalar soyayya'' |Malak / Eshk |- |2016 |''Waad'' |Waad |- |2018 |''Wasiƙu'' |Hala |- |2019 |''Gimbiya Beesa'' |Beesa / Sekseka |- |2020 |''Kheit Hareer'' |Mesk |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm1662409/" id="mwAQ0" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Mayy Izzuddin a cikin IMDb [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] 3vayuxv7i8nhtpe5yx1q2xexbf7g155 0 72014 823890 516709 2026-04-22T00:08:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Kartuli Georgian Sample3.svg|thumb|yaren yan goegia]] [[Fayil:Ann Kalandadze - Tqvi Arjakelo Khviara.jpg|thumb|rubutun yan jojiya]] Jojin (ქართული ენა, romanized: kartuli ena, lafazin [ˈkʰartʰuli ˈena]) shine yaren Kartvelian mafi yaɗuwa; yana kuma zama harshen adabi ko yare don masu magana da harsunan da ke da alaƙa.<ref>https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/kat/</ref>Harshen hukuma ne na Jojiya kuma yaren asali ko na farko na kashi 87.6% na yawan jama'arta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-02-26 |archive-date=2021-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204222544/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Masu magana da shi a yau sun kai kusan miliyan hudu. An rubuta Jojin a cikin haruffa na musamman. == Rabewa == Babu wata alaƙa da ke da alaƙa tsakanin harsunan Kartvelian da kowane dangin harshe a duniya da aka yarda da su a cikin manyan harsuna. Daga cikin harsunan Kartvelian, Jojin ya fi kusanci da abin da ake kira harsunan Zan (Megrelian da Laz); Nazarin glottochronological ya nuna cewa ya rabu da na ƙarshe kimanin shekaru 2700 da suka wuce. Svan dangi ne na nesa wanda ya rabu da wuri, watakila shekaru 4000 da suka gabata.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_language#CITEREFHiller1994</ref> == Yaruka == Daidaitaccen Jojiyanci ya dogara ne akan yaren Kartlian.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.armazi.demon.co.uk/georgian/unicode/georgian_dialects.htm |access-date=2024-02-26 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002101/http://www.armazi.demon.co.uk/georgian/unicode/georgian_dialects.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>Tsawon ƙarnuka da yawa, ya yi tasiri mai ƙarfi a kan sauran yaruka. Sakamakon haka, dukkansu, gabaɗaya, suna fahimtar juna tare da daidaitaccen Jojin, kuma tare da juna<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://webzone.imer.mah.se/projects/georgianV04/DEMO/Lect04/StandGe.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927075905/http://webzone.imer.mah.se/projects/georgianV04/DEMO/Lect04/StandGe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Manazarta == gzxog9aww6o1rb48c0e018qdj7v1udp 0 72151 823828 452387 2026-04-21T20:15:37Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Khanty''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''KHanti''' ko Hanti), wanda a baya aka fi sani le '''Ostyak''' (/ˈɒstiæk/), <ref>Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student's Handbook'', Edinburgh</ref> yare ne na Uralic da ake magana a cikin [[Yankin Khanty-Mansi mai cin gashin kansa|Khanty-Mansi]] da [[Yankin Yamalo-Nenets mai cin gashin kansa|Yamalo-Nenets]] Okrugs . yi tunanin cewa akwai kusan masu magana da Arewacin Khanty 7,500 da masu magana da Gabashin Khanty 2,000 a cikin 2010, tare da Kudancin Khanty ya ƙare tun farkon karni na 20, <ref>Abondolo 2017</ref> duk da haka jimlar masu magana a cikin ƙididdigar kwanan nan ya kasance kusan 13,900. Harshen Khanty yana da yare da yawa. Ƙungiyar yamma ta haɗa da yarukan Ob, Ob, da Irtysh. Kungiyar gabas ta haɗa da yarukan Surgut da Vakh-Vasyugan, waɗanda, bi da bi, an raba su zuwa wasu yaruka goma sha uku. Duk waɗannan yarukan sun bambanta {{Sfn|Gulya|1966}} juna ta hanyar sauti, morphological, da siffofin ƙamus har zuwa yadda manyan "harsuna" guda uku (arewa, kudu da gabas) ba su da fahimta. Don haka, bisa ga manyan bambance-bambance masu yawa, Gabas, Arewa da Kudancin Khanty za a iya la'akari da su daban to amma harsuna masu alaƙa da juna. == Harshen haruffa == '''Cyrillic''' Ana sanya {{Sfn|The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages|2022}}'anar ma'anar magana ta hanyar ь ko halayyar yotated. {| class="wikitable" |+{{Sfn|The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages|2022}} wasiƙu {{Sfn|The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages|2022}} Arewacin Khanty-IPA [1] [2] !Cyrillic |A kuma |Wannan shi ne wannan |A cikin |Ya kasance |Yã da ƙãra |Ya kasance |Kuma da |Y ya |K zuwa |L |Sinanci&nbsp; |M M |A'a da |Rubuce-rubuce&nbsp; |Game da |Ƙari ga haka |P |R |Daga |T. |, (Tje) [[File:Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tje.svg|14x14px]][[File:Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tje.svg|10x10px]] |Yana da shi |An yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai suna |H x |Sh. |Щ щ |Ы |E E. |Y Y |Ni ni ne |- !IPA |ɐ, ə |Ƙarshen |β |Ni |lansaOwu |ɵ |i |j |k |l |ɬ |m |n |ŋ |Owu |ɵ |p |r |s |t |tj |u, ə |ʉ |x |ʂ |sj |i |da kuma |u, ʉ |jɑƘarshen |} == Harshen wallafe-wallafen == [[File:Khanty_Mansi_dialects.svg|thumb|300x300px|Harsunan Khanty (da Mansi): (Salekhard) Harsunan Kudancin (Irtysh) Harsuna na Khanty Surgut]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l0cv3qlllf4wb5d3x9avhxo5n49qlds 823829 823828 2026-04-21T20:15:46Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Khanty''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''KHanti''' ko Hanti), wanda a baya aka fi sani le '''Ostyak''' (/ˈɒstiæk/), <ref>Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student's Handbook'', Edinburgh</ref> yare ne na Uralic da ake magana a cikin [[Yankin Khanty-Mansi mai cin gashin kansa|Khanty-Mansi]] da [[Yankin Yamalo-Nenets mai cin gashin kansa|Yamalo-Nenets]] Okrugs . yi tunanin cewa akwai kusan masu magana da Arewacin Khanty 7,500 da masu magana da Gabashin Khanty 2,000 a cikin 2010, tare da Kudancin Khanty ya ƙare tun farkon karni na 20, <ref>Abondolo 2017</ref> duk da haka jimlar masu magana a cikin ƙididdigar kwanan nan ya kasance kusan 13,900. Harshen Khanty yana da yare da yawa. Ƙungiyar yamma ta haɗa da yarukan Ob, Ob, da Irtysh. Kungiyar gabas ta haɗa da yarukan Surgut da Vakh-Vasyugan, waɗanda, bi da bi, an raba su zuwa wasu yaruka goma sha uku. Duk waɗannan yarukan sun bambanta {{Sfn|Gulya|1966}} juna ta hanyar sauti, morphological, da siffofin ƙamus har zuwa yadda manyan "harsuna" guda uku (arewa, kudu da gabas) ba su da fahimta. Don haka, bisa ga manyan bambance-bambance masu yawa, Gabas, Arewa da Kudancin Khanty za a iya la'akari da su daban to amma harsuna masu alaƙa da juna. == Harshen haruffa == '''Cyrillic''' Ana kuma sanya {{Sfn|The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages|2022}}'anar ma'anar magana ta hanyar ь ko halayyar yotated. {| class="wikitable" |+{{Sfn|The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages|2022}} wasiƙu {{Sfn|The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages|2022}} Arewacin Khanty-IPA [1] [2] !Cyrillic |A kuma |Wannan shi ne wannan |A cikin |Ya kasance |Yã da ƙãra |Ya kasance |Kuma da |Y ya |K zuwa |L |Sinanci&nbsp; |M M |A'a da |Rubuce-rubuce&nbsp; |Game da |Ƙari ga haka |P |R |Daga |T. |, (Tje) [[File:Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tje.svg|14x14px]][[File:Cyrillic_capital_letter_Tje.svg|10x10px]] |Yana da shi |An yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai suna |H x |Sh. |Щ щ |Ы |E E. |Y Y |Ni ni ne |- !IPA |ɐ, ə |Ƙarshen |β |Ni |lansaOwu |ɵ |i |j |k |l |ɬ |m |n |ŋ |Owu |ɵ |p |r |s |t |tj |u, ə |ʉ |x |ʂ |sj |i |da kuma |u, ʉ |jɑƘarshen |} == Harshen wallafe-wallafen == [[File:Khanty_Mansi_dialects.svg|thumb|300x300px|Harsunan Khanty (da Mansi): (Salekhard) Harsunan Kudancin (Irtysh) Harsuna na Khanty Surgut]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jo1zou1r8xyutlp4ejbzvvmfqu0o5jm 0 72372 823882 390312 2026-04-22T00:05:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823882 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Bu-Ninkada''' (Ibut, Abu, Jida) [[Harsunan Filato|yaren Plateau]] ne a Najeriya. Yaruka biyu, Bu da Ninkada, sun bambanta da ƙabila. Kimanin mutane 4,000 ne ke magana da yaren '''Bu''' a ƙauyuka huɗu na Nakere, Rago, Maiganga, da Abu. Yana da dangantaka ta kut-da-kut amma dabam da Ningkada (Jidda). '''Ningkada''' kusan mutane 2,000 ne ke magana dashi a cikin ƙananan ƙauyuka biyu na Ningkada (Jidda) da Lago. <ref name="Blench1999">Blench, Roger. M. 1999. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/General/Field%20trip%2098-9%20Plateau.pdf Field trip to record the status of some little-known Nigerian languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305111203/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/General/Field%20trip%2098-9%20Plateau.pdf |date=2024-03-05 }}. ''Ogmios'', 11:11:14.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] 6wbdh4w18z99x1tpw1p6sqpuju8kvtj 0 72447 823876 510859 2026-04-21T23:56:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823876 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Jalaleddin-ashraf-Shrine-3.JPG|thumb|Masalacin yankin ashrab]] {{Databox}} '''Ashraf''' ( Somali ) magana ce iri-iri na rashin tabbas a cikin harshen Omo-Tana ta Gabas da aka samu a gundumar Marka ta yankin Shebelle ta ƙasa da yankin Banaadir na kudancin [[Somaliya]] . == Rarraba == A cewar Blench (2006) akwai ƙananan yare guda biyu: Shingani da Lower Shebelle . <ref>Blench, 2006. [http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203055600/http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf |date=2024-12-03 }} (ms)</ref> Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin aikin da aka yi kwanan nan game da nau'ikan magana, Green & Jones (2016) <ref>Green, Christopher & Jones, Evan. (2016). A first look at the morphophonology of Marka (Af-Ashraaf) and a comparison to its neighbors.</ref>:<blockquote>"''Abin da muke fatan ya kwatanta a cikin wannan magana shi ne cewa yayin da Marka (Af Ashraaf) na iya zama kama da wasu hanyoyi ga Arewacin Somaliya da Maay, duk da haka yana alfahari da wasu kaddarorin na musamman, musamman a cikin yanayin sa, cewa mun yi imanin ya cancanci bi da shi ba a matsayin Somali ko yaren Maay ba, amma a matsayin yare iri-iri na kansa.'' "</blockquote>Irin wannan matakin na shakka game da lakabin wasu harsunan Omo-Tana a Somaliya (kamar Maay, Dabarre, Jiddu ) an bayyana shi a cikin Tosco (2012):<blockquote>[[File:Tosco-Omo-Tana-Classification-IMG_1376.jpg|thumb|Misali na Tosco don rarraba Omo-Tana, yana amincewa da yanayin zamantakewar harsuna na yarukan Cushitic a Somaliya da ake kira "harsuna" na Somaliya da kuma ainihin rarraba su a matsayin harsuna ban da Somaliya]]''"An san cewa kalmar 'harshe' na iya nufin 'abubuwa' daban-daban. A cikin Somaliya, yana da aminci a ce duk yarukan Somaliya 'harshe ne' daga ra'ayi na zamantakewa da harshe, wato, dangane da rawar da suke takawa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, da kuma karɓar masu magana na Arewa-Tsakiyar Somaliya a matsayin matsakaici na yau da kullun. Duk da haka, ya kamata a tantance fahimtar juna kuma yarukan da haka (kamar yadda harshe ba zai iya fahimta ba).''</blockquote> == Fasahar sauti == Jerin sauti na Ashraaf kamar haka: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+'''Sautin da ke tattare da shi''' !  ! colspan="2" |Biyuwa ! colspan="2" |Hanci da hakora<nowiki><br id="mwNQ"></nowiki> !Dental ! colspan="2" |Alveolar ! colspan="2" |Post-alveolar (Palato-alveos) <br /> !Retroflex ! colspan="2" |Palatal ! colspan="2" |Velar !Rashin ƙarfi !Faringel ! colspan="2" |Gishiri |- !Plosive | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" |{{IPA|b}} | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |{{IPA|t}} | style="border-left-width: 0;" |{{IPA|d}} | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  |Abin da ya faru | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |{{IPA|k}} | style="border-left-width: 0;" |{{IPA|ɡ}} | | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |{{IPA|ʔ}} | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  |- !Fricative | style="border-right-width: 0;" | (Sai) | style="border-left-width: 0;" | (β) | style="border-right-width: 0;" |{{IPA|f}} | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | (ka) | style="border-right-width: 0;" |{{IPA|s}} | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |{{IPA|ʃ}} | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" | | style="border-left-width: 0;" |ɣ |χ |H HH | style="border-right-width: 0;" |{{IPA|h}} | style="border-left-width: 0;" | |- !Hanci | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |{{IPA|m}} | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |{{IPA|n}} | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  |- !Trill | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |{{IPA|r}} | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  |- !Kusanci | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |{{IPA|j}} | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  |- !Kimanin gefen | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |{{IPA|l}} | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" | | | | style="border-right-width: 0;" |  | style="border-left-width: 0;" |  |} {| class="wikitable" |+Sautin sautin ! ! style="font-size:smaller" |A gaba ! style="font-size:smaller" |Tsakiya ! style="font-size:smaller" |Komawa |- ! style="font-size:smaller" |Kusa |/i/, /iː/ | |/u/, /uː/ |- ! style="font-size:smaller" |Tsakanin |/e/, /eː/ | |/o/, /oː/ |- ! style="font-size:smaller" |Bude | |/a/, /aː/ | |} {{Clear}} == Dubi kuma == * Arewacin Somaliya * Benadiri Somaliya == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * Christopher R. Green da Evan Jones. 2019. Bayani game da yanayin Marka (AfAshraaf). A cikin Emily Clem, Peter Jenks & Hannah Sande (ed.), Ka'ida da bayanin a cikin ilimin harshe na Afirka: Zaɓaɓɓun takardu daga Taron Shekara na 47 kan ilimin harshe ta Afirka, 119-133. Berlin: Harshe Kimiyya Press. {{Doi|10.5281/zenodo.3367132}} * Ajello, Roberto. 1984. Ya mayar da hankali ga yaren Ashraaf di Shingaani. A cikin Puglielli, Annarita (ed.), Aspetti morfologici, lessicali e della focalizzazione, 133-146. Roma: Dipartimento ta hanyar Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, Ministero degli Affari Esteri (Italiya). ceoyas6zbstxu8isa1sp6utgta4v2m9 0 72781 823892 387479 2026-04-22T00:16:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language|name=Lendu|nativename=Balendru|states=[[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo (DRC)]]|ethnicity=[[Balendru people|Lendu]], [[Hema people|Hema]], [[Alur people|Alur]], [[Okebu]]|speakers=760,000, including [[Ndrulo language|Ndrulo]]|date=1996|ref=e18|familycolor=Nilo-Saharan|fam2=[[Central Sudanic]]|fam3=Eastern|fam4=[[Lenduic languages|Lenduic]]|iso3=led|glotto=lend1245|glottorefname=Lendu|lingua=03-BAD|dia1=Badha}} Harshen '''Lendu''' yare ne na [[Sudan ta tsakiya]] wanda Balendru ke magana, ƙungiyar masu aikin noma ta kabilanci da ke zaune a gabashin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Kongo]] a yankin yamma da arewa maso yammacin [[Lake Albert (Afirka)|tafkin Albert]], musamman [[yankin Ituri]] na [[lardin Orientale]] . Yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan [[Harsunan Sudan ta Tsakiya|yarukan Sudan ta tsakiya]] . Akwai kashi uku bisa hudu na masu magana da Lendu miliyan a DRC. Rikici tsakanin Lendu da [[Mutane da sunan Hema|Hema]] shine tushen [[rikicin Ituri]] Bayan Balendru, Lendu ana magana da shi azaman yare ta wani yanki na Hema, Alur, da [[Okebu]] . A [[Uganda]], kabilar Lendu suna zaune a gundumomin Nebbi da Zombo, arewa maso yammacin tafkin Albert. == Sunaye == ''Ethnologue'' ya ba ''Bbadha'' a matsayin madadin sunan Lendu, amma Blench (2000) ya lissafa ''Badha'' a matsayin wani yare dabam. Daftarin jeri na harsunan Nilo-Saharan, [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Nilo-Saharan/General/NS%20language%20list.pdf samuwa daga gidan yanar gizonsa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217035950/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Nilo-Saharan/General/NS%20language%20list.pdf |date=2019-12-17 }} da kwanan wata 2012, ya lissafa ''Lendu/Badha'' . == Fassarar sauti == === Wasula === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! ! Gaba ! Tsakiya ! Baya |- ! Kusa | i | | u |- align="center" ! Kusa-kusa | ɪ | | ʊ |- ! Tsakar | ɛ | ə | ɔ |- align="center" ! Bude | | a | |} === Consonants === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |Labial ! colspan="2" | Dental /<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Alveolar ! rowspan="2" | Bayan-<nowiki><br id="mwXg"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki></br></nowiki> alveolar ! rowspan="2" | Palatal ! rowspan="2" | Velar ! rowspan="2" | Labial-<nowiki><br id="mwZQ"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki></br></nowiki> maras kyau ! rowspan="2" | Glottal |- ! {{Small|central}} ! {{Small|sibilant}} |- ! colspan="2" | Nasal | m | n | | | ɲ | | | |- ! rowspan="5" | Tsaya /<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Haɗin kai ! {{Small|voiceless}} | p | t | t͡s | t͡ʃ | | k | k͡p | ʔ |- ! {{Small|voiced}} | b | d | d͡z | d͡ʒ | ɟ | g | ɡ͡b | |- ! {{Small|prenasal}} | ᵐb | ⁿd | | ᶮd͡ʒ | | ᵑɡ | | |- ! {{Small|vl. implosive}} | ɓ̥ | ɗ̥ | | | ʄ̊ | | | |- ! {{Small|vd. implosive}} | ɓ | ɗ | | | ʄ | | | |- ! rowspan="3" | Ƙarfafawa ! {{Small|voiceless}} | f | θ | s | ʃ | | | | h |- ! {{Small|voiced}} | v | ð | z | ʒ | | | | |- ! {{Small|prenasal}} | | | ⁿz | | | | | |- ! colspan="2" | Rhotic | | r | | | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" | Kusanci ! {{Small|plain}} | | l | | | j | | w | |- ! {{Small|glottalized}} | | | | | | |ʼw | |} ==== Abubuwan ban tsoro ==== Demolin (1995) <ref>Demolin, Didier. 1995. The phonetics and phonology of glottalized consonants in Lendu. In Connell, Bruce and Arvaniti, Amalia (eds.), Phonology and Phonetic Evidence. Papers in Laboratory Phonology IV, 368-385. Cambridge Univ. Press.</ref> ya bayyana cewa Lendu yana da raɗaɗi mara murya, {{IPA|/ɓ̥ ɗ̥ ʄ̊/}}</link> ( {{IPA|/ƥ ƭ ƈ/}}</link> ). Duk da haka, Goyvaerts (1988) <ref>Goyvaerts, Didier L. 1988. Glottalized Consonants a New Dimension. Belgian Journal of Linguistics 3. 97-102. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.</ref> ya siffanta waɗannan a matsayin ƙwaƙƙwaran murya mai ƙarfi {{IPA|/ɓ̰ ɗ̰ ʄ̰/}}</link> , kamar yadda a cikin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausawa]], ya bambanta da jeri na ingantacciyar murya {{IPA|/ɓ ɗ ʄ/}}</link> kamar yadda a [[Kalabari harshe|Kalabari]], da Ladefoged alƙalai cewa wannan ya zama mafi cikakken bayanin. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * Kutsch-Lojenga, Constance. 1989. ''Sirrin Bayan Wasikun Wasilo a Lendu'' . Jaridar Harsuna da Harsunan Afirka 11. 115-126. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. * Tucker, Archibald N. 1940. ''Lendu'' . A Harsunan Sudan ta Gabas: Juzu'i na I, 380-418. Oxford: Jami'ar Oxford Press. * Trifkovic, Mirjana. 1977. ''Sautin adana wasali a cikin Lendu'' . Nazarin Harsunan Afirka 8. 121-125. * [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] eohmxugtx0d9vv9ugmpnilg4elgzpnw 0 73246 823884 719707 2026-04-22T00:06:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cineni''' yare ne na Afro-Asiatic da ake magana da shi a [[Borno|jihar Borno]], [[Najeriya]] a ƙauye guda ɗaya a [[Cineni]] . A cikin takarda na 2006, Roger Blench ya rarraba shi a matsayin yaren [[Harshen Guduf-Gava|Guduf-Gava]] . <ref>Blench, 2006. [http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203055600/http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf |date=2024-12-03 }} (ms)</ref> == Bayanan kula == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] jp7qdgkzq05lt9mg5zbt4678wp722d4 0 73255 823878 454366 2026-04-21T23:59:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barkul''' (Bo-Rukul) [[Harsunan Filato|yaren Plateau]]<nowiki/>yare ne a ƙauyen Barkul,a karamar hukumar [[Bokkos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]], [[Najeriya]] . Yarukan biyu, Bo da Rukul, kowannensu yana da masu magana dashi 500-1,000, amma sun bambanta. <ref name="Blench1999">Blench, Roger. M. 1999. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/General/Field%20trip%2098-9%20Plateau.pdf Field trip to record the status of some little-known Nigerian languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305111203/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/General/Field%20trip%2098-9%20Plateau.pdf |date=2024-03-05 }}. ''Ogmios'', 11:11:14.</ref> Ba a bayyana rabe-raben Barkul ba, amma ya bayyana ya fi kusa da [[Genanci|Fyam]] da [[Harshen Horom|Horom]] . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] dpt1py2hnoq9lpp6dyrusrch925s9n2 0 73307 823885 454590 2026-04-22T00:06:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Daza''' ko (a Hausa) Blench (2006) ya lissafa '''Dazawa''' a matsayin [[Yarukan Chadi|yaren Chadic]] a cikin ƙungiyar Bole, <ref name="Blench">Blench, 2006. [http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203055600/http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf |date=2024-12-03 }} (ms)</ref> da ake magana dashi a ƙauyen [[Darazo|Darazo LGA]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Jihar Bauchi]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]] . An tabbatar da wanzuwar sa a cikin 2021. Harshen ya kunsa ƙarewa tare da tsofaffi masu magana da harshen. Masu iya magana sun koma [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] . <ref name="e26">[[ethnologue:dzd|Daza]] at ''[[Ethnologue]]'' (26th ed., 2023) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;">[[File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg|link=Paywall|alt=Closed access icon|14x14px|closed access publication – behind paywall]]</span></ref> == Bayanan kula == {{Reflist}}{{West Chadic languages}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] 3019uymlf1uzm59zz2icz1ee25bjs79 0 73466 823877 460300 2026-04-21T23:57:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ayere''' ( '''Uwu''' ) yaren Volta–Niger ne dabam dabam na Najeriya, wanda ke da alaƙa da [[Harshen Ahan|Ahan]] kawai. Sunanta kauyen Ayere a karamar hukumar [[Ijumu]], [[jihar Kogi]] . <ref>Blench, Roger. 2007. ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/VN/Ayere/Ayere%20wordlist%20paper.pdf The Ayere and Ahan languages of Central Nigeria and their affinities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224035822/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/VN/Ayere/Ayere%20wordlist%20paper.pdf |date=2024-02-24 }}''.</ref> Ƙauyen Ayere kusan ya ƙunshi mutane 10,000, bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2021}} == Rarrabawa == A cewar Ethnologue, Ayere ana magana da yaren a garuruwa kamar haka: * [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo state]] : [[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma|Akoko North West]] LGA * [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi state]] : [[Ijumu]] LGA ( in Ayere village) == Duba kuma == * [[wiktionary:Appendix:Ayere-Ahan word lists|Jerin kalmomin Ayere-Ahan]] (Wiktionary) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Taskar ELAR na [http://elar.soas.ac.uk/deposit/0231 Takardun Uwu (Ayere)] {{Volta-Niger languages}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] ch80djrzasrz3tsv04ct80jeyirya29 0 73531 823879 423819 2026-04-22T00:00:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Harsunan Beboid''' ɗaya ne daga cikin rukunonin harsuna da dama da ake magana da su musamman a kudu maso yammacin [[Kamaru]], kodayake ana magana da harsuna biyu (Bukwen da Mashi) akan iyakar [[Najeriya]] . Wataƙila ba su fi kusanci da juna ba. Harsunan Beboid na Gabas na iya zama mafi kusanci da ƙungiyoyin Tivoid da Momo, kodayake wasu rukunin Western Beboid na iya zama kusa da [[Harsunan Ekoi|Ekoid]] da Bantu . Binciken da ya gabata ya haɗa da nazarin azuzuwan suna a cikin harsunan Beboid na [[Jean-Marie Hombert]] (1980), Larry Hyman (1980, 1981), takardar shaidar Richards (1991) game da phonology na harsunan Beboid guda uku na gabas (Noni, Ncane da Nsari)., Lux (2003) a Noni lexicon da Cox (2005) a phonology na Kemezung . == Harsuna == Rahoton binciken SIL International ya ba da ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kan Gabas da Yammacin Beboid (Brye & Brye 2002, 2004; Hamm et al. 2002) da Hamm (2002) taƙaitaccen bayani ne na ƙungiyar gaba ɗaya. Gabashin Beboid yana aiki a fili; masu iya magana sun fahimci alakar da ke tsakanin harsunan su, rabonsu ya samo asali ne sakamakon motsin jama'a na baya-bayan nan kuma a fannin yare suna kama da juna, kuma suna kusa da harsunan Bantu. Kalmar "Beboid" wani lokaci tana nufin wannan rukuni na musamman. Western Beboid, a gefe guda, yanki ne maimakon rukunin kwayoyin halitta: wasu sun bayyana sun fi kusa da harsunan Grassfields, kuma babu alama da yawa don haɗa su tare, kodayake wannan na iya kasancewa wani ɓangare saboda ƙarancin bayanai ( Good 2009, Di Carlo & Good 2012). Ana kuma kiran su "Yemne-Kimbi" lokacin da ake kira ƙungiyar gabas kawai "Beboid" (Di Carlo & Good 2012).   Har ila yau ana magana a yankin [[Harshen Bikya|Bikya]] (Furu), ɗaya daga cikin harsunan Furu, da Kung, ɗaya daga cikin [[Harsunan ringi|harsunan Ring]] . == Sunaye da wurare (Nijeriya) == A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshe, yawan jama'a, da wurare (a cikin [[Harsunan Najeriya|Najeriya]] kawai) daga Blench (2019). {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Harshe ! Masu magana ! Wuri(s) |- | Naki | kauye daya (Belogo = Tosso 2) a Najeriya; 3000 a Kamaru (1976) | [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]], ca. 6°57N, 10°13E, Furu-Awa da sauran yankunan Kamaru |- | Bukwen | | [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]], kusa da Takum |- | Mashi | kauye daya | [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]], kusa da Takum |} == Duba kuma == * [[wiktionary:Appendix:Beboid word lists|Jerin Kalmomin Beboid]] (Wiktionary) == Littafi Mai Tsarki == * Blench, Roger, 2011. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Bantoid/General/Blench%20Bantu%20IV%20Berlin%20Bantoid%202011.pdf 'Mambobi da tsarin ciki na Bantoid da iyaka da Bantu'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919081122/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Bantoid/General/Blench%20Bantu%20IV%20Berlin%20Bantoid%202011.pdf |date=2020-09-19 }} . ''Bantu IV'', Jami'ar Humboldt, Berlin. * Blench, Roger. da ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Bantoid/Beboid/General/Beboid%20composite.pdf jerin kalmomin Beboid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117141934/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Bantoid/Beboid/General/Beboid%20composite.pdf |date=2020-11-17 }}'' . * Brye, Edward da kuma Elizabeth Brye. 2002. "Binciken gwaji cikin sauri da fahimi na rukunin harsunan Beboid na Gabas (Lardin Arewa maso Yamma)." Rahoton SIL Electronic Survey 2002-019. http://www.sil.org/silesr/2002/019/ * Pierpaolo Di Carlo & Jeff Good. 2012. [http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jcgood/DiCarloGood-LFIdeology.pdf Me muke ƙoƙarin adanawa?] [http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jcgood/DiCarloGood-LFIdeology.pdf : Bambance-bambance, sauyi, da akida a gefen ciyawar Kamaru] * Da kyau, Jeff, & Jesse Lovegren. 2009. [http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jcgood/goodlovegren-Bantu3.pdf 'Sake tantance Western Beboid'] . Bantu III. * Da kyau, Jeff, & Scott Farrar. 2008. [http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jcgood/farrargood-WesternBeboidNCs.pdf 'Western Beboid da Rarraba Harshen Afirka'] . LSA. * Hamm, Cameron, Diller, J., Jordan-Diller, K. & F. Assako da Tiati. 2002. Binciken kima cikin sauri na harsunan Beboid na Yamma (Menchum Division, Lardin Arewa maso Yamma). Rahoton SIL Electronic Survey 2002-014. http://www.sil.org/silesr/2002/014/ * Hamma, C. 2002. Harshen Beboid na Kamaru da Najeriya: Wuri da Rarraba Halittar. Rahoton SIL Electronic Survey 2002 * Hombert, Jean-Marie. 1980. Sunayen Harsuna na Beboid. A cikin azuzuwan Noun a cikin yankin Grassfields Bantu, SCOPIL 8. Los Angeles: Jami'ar Kudancin California. == Manazarta == <references />  This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.{{Beboid languages}}{{Niger-Congo branches}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] 66tuztljdt1v4j3eaijagqjix0hu3gs 0 73885 823895 452370 2026-04-22T00:40:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Wom ([w̃ɔ̃̀m] ), ko kuma Perema, harshen Leko ne na Najeriya . == Fassarar sauti == Consonants sune: {| class="wikitable IPA" |m | n | | | [ŋ] | |- | b | d | | Ɗa | ɡ | ɡb ~ ɡʷ | |- | p | t | | c | k | kp ~ ku | (ʔ) |- | fv | sz | ʃ ʒ | | x | | (h) |- | | r | | | | |- | | l | | j | | w | |} /ŋ/, kuma kawai /ŋ/, ya bayyana geminate. /ʔ/ yana da wuya, watakila aro. /h/ an san shi daga kalma ɗaya, ba aro ba. Wasulan sune {{IPA|/i e ɛ a ə ɔ o u/}}</link> . Duk ana iya ninka su, amma babu dogayen wasula. /a/ an ware shi zuwa /ə/ a duk sai dai matsayi na ƙarshe. Sautin mai yiwuwa yana da tsayi, ƙasa da ƙasa, kamar yadda yake a cikin [[Chamba Leko]] . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/WOMonly.pdf Harshen Perema (Wom) na arewa maso gabashin Najeriya: rarrabuwa, phonology da noun morphology (PDF)]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} na Roger M. Blench, 2000. Mallam Dendo, Cambridge. {{Adamawa languages}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] nuzdd3st2xnwhtpnrxe7xyaia118vl5 0 73906 823881 602585 2026-04-22T00:03:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yaren Bole–Tangale''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''A.2''' West Chadic languages) reshe ne na [[Yaren Chadic|yarukan Chadic ta yamma]] da ake magana da su a jihohi daban-daban na arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]] . == Harsuna == Yarukan Bole–Tangale sune: <ref>Blench, Roger. 2006. [http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203055600/http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf |date=2024-12-03 }} (ms)</ref> * '''Bole''' ( '''Bole–Tangale''' ) (A.2) ** North (Bole proper): Bure, [[Bolanci|Bole]], [[Geranci|Gera]], Geruma, [[Denanci|Deno]], Galambu, [[Kirifanci|Giiwo]], [[Kubanci|Kubi]], [[Gamanci|Ngamo]], Maaka (Maagha), [[Belanci|Ɓeele]], [[Dazawa harshe|Daza]] (Dazawa), ? Pali, [[Harshen Karai-Karai|Karekare]] ** Kudu (Tangale): [[Kwamanci|Kwaami]], Pero, Piya-Kwonci, Kulung, Kholok, Nyam, Kushi (Goji), Kutto (Kupto), Tangale, Dera (Kanakuru) [[Harshen Karai-Karai|Karekare]] shine yaren da ya fi bambanta a cikin reshen Bole, yayin da Dera shine yaren da ya fi bambanta a cikin reshen Tangale. <ref>Blench, Roger. 2021. ''[https://www.academia.edu/58551549/West_Chadic_classification_2021 West Chadic classification 2021]{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> == Sunaye da wurare == A ƙasa akwai cikakken jerin sunayen yaren Bole–Tangale, yawan Wanda yake dauke da yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019). {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 75%;" !Language !Cluster !Dialects !Alternate spellings !Own name for language !Endonym(s) !Other names (location-based) !Other names for language !Exonym(s) !Speakers !Location(s) |- |[[Harshen Daza|Daza]] | | |Daza | | | | | |a few villages (Note: No data available) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Darazo LGA |- |[[Bolanci|Bole]] | |Bara, Fika (Fiyankayen, Anpika) | |Bòò Pìkkà, Bopika |Am Pìkkà, Ampika |Fika, Piika |Bolanci |Anika, Bolewa |32,000 (1952 W&B); est. >100,000 (1990) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Dukku, Alkaleri, and Darazo LGAs; [[Borno|Borno State]], Fika LGA |- |Bure | | | |BuBure |Bure | |Bure | |A single village southeast of Darazo town |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Darazo LGA |- |[[Belanci|Ɓeele]] | | |Bele |Àɓéelé |bòhé áɓéelé sg., Àɓéelé pl. | |Bellawa | |120 (Temple 1922); a few villages |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]] |- |[[Denanci|Deno]] | | | | | | | | |9,900 (LA 1971) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Darazo LGA; 45&nbsp;km northeast of Bauchi town |- |Galambu | | |Galembi, Galambe |Galambu |Galambu | | | |8505 (Temple 1922); 2020 (Meek 1925); 1000 (SIL) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Bauchi LGA, at least 15 villages |- |Dera | |Shani, Shellen and Gasi | |Bo Dera |na Dera sg., Dera pl. |Kanakuru | | |11,300 (W&B) |[[Adamawa|Adamawa State]], Shellen LGA; [[Borno|Borno State]], Shani LGA |- |[[Geranci|Fyandigeri]] | | | |Fyandigere |sg. laa Fyandigeri, pl. Fyandigeri | | |Gerawa, Gere, Gera |13,300 (LA 1971); at least 30 villages. Many Gera villages no longer speak the language. A 2018 survey suggested there are only 4 villages where the language is being passed on to children. |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Bauchi and Darazo LGAs |- |Geruma | |Sum, Duurum, possibly Gamsawa/Gamshi (Temple) |Gerema, Germa |Geerum (Duurum dialect); Gyeermu (Sum dialect) |Geerum (Duurum dialect); sg. na Gyeermu, pl. Gyeermu (Sum dial.) | | | |4,700 (LA 1971) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Toro and Darazo LGAs. At least 10 villages |- |[[Kirifanci|Giiwo]] | | |Kirifi |Bu Giiwo |sg. Ba Giiwo, pl. Ma Giiwo | | | |3,620 (1922 Temple); 14,000 (SIL) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Alkaleri, Bauchi and Darazo LGAs, 24 villages |- |[[Harshen Karai-Karai|Karekare]] | |Western Jalalum, northern Pakaro and eastern Ngwajum |Kәrekәre, Kerekere, Karaikarai, Kerikeri | | | | | |39,000 (1952 W&B) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Gamawa and Misau LGAs; [[Yobe|Yobe State]], Fika LGA |- |Kholok | | | | | |Kode, Koode, Kwoode,Widala, Pia, Wurkum, Pitiko | | |2,500 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin) |[[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]], Karim Lamido LGA, near Didango |- |[[Kubanci|Kubi]] | | |Kuba | | | | | |1,090 (1922 Temple); 500 (1973 SIL) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Darazo LGA, 40&nbsp;km. N.E. of Bauchi town |- |Kulung (Chadic) | | | |Kulung (speakers consider themselves Kulung i.e. Jarawan Bantu, although their language is Chadic and related to Piya) | |Wurkum | | |2000? |[[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]], Karim Lamido LGA |- |Kutto | | |Kupto |Kúttò |Kúttò | | | |Two villages. 3000 (1990 est.) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Bajoga LGA, [[Yobe|Yobe State]], Gujba LGA |- |Maaka | |Two dialects; Maaka (at Gulani) and Maha (at Vara) |Magha, Maga, Maha | | | | | |More than 4,000 (1990) |[[Yobe|Yobe State]], Gujba LGA. Gulani and Bara towns and associated hamlets. Northeast of Dadin Kowa Reservoir. |- |[[Gamanci|Ngamo]] | | |Gamo | | | | | |17,800 (1952 W&B) |[[Borno|Borno State]], Fika LGA; [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Darazo LGA, Darazo district and Dukku LGA, Nafada district |- |Pero | |Dialects associated with three major settlements |Walo |Péerò |sg. Péerò, pl. Pìpéerò |Filiya [town name] | | |6,664 (1925 Meek); 20,000 (1973 SIL) |[[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe State]], Shongom LGA, around Filiya. 3 main villages: Gwandum, Gundale and Filiya. |- |'''''Piya–Kwonci cluster''''' |Piya–Kwonci | |Pia | | |Wurkum, Pitiko | | |2,500 (1977 Voegelin & Voegelin) |[[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]], Karim Lamido LGA, near Didango |- |Piya |Piya–Kwonci | |Pia | | |Wurkum | | | | |- |Kwonci |Piya–Kwonci |Kunshenu | | | | | | |More than 4000 (1990) | |- |Goji | | | |Fo Goji |Nya Goji pl. Memme Goji |Kushe, Kushi |Chong'e | |4000 (1973 SIL); 5000 (1990). ca. 20 villages (2007) |[[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe State]], Shongom LGA |- |[[Kwamanci|Kwaami]] | |Kafarati, Ɗolli |Kwami, Kwom |Kwáámì |Kwáámì |Komawa | | |10,000 (1990) |[[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi State]], Kwami LGA |- |Nyam | | | | |Nyambolo | | | |A single village |[[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]], Karim Lamido LGA, at Andami village |- |Tangale | |Ture, Kaltungo, Shongom, Billiri |Tangle |Táŋlɛ̀ | |Billiri | | |36,000 (1952 W&B); 100,000 (1973 SIL) |[[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe State]], Kaltungo, Alkaleri and Akko LGAs |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://aflang.humanities.ucla.edu/language-materials/chadic-languages/yobe/ Shirin Binciken Harsunan Yobe] na Marigayi Russell G. Schuh na UCLA * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110524073609/http://www.africanlanguages.org/chadic_west.html Albarkatun yammacin Chadi] a african languages.org {{West Chadic languages}} [[Category:Harsuna]] [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] ie292isidx49rsj4rvoa1wlqvsf7yxv 0 74102 823894 588607 2026-04-22T00:24:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ninzo''' yaren Plateau ne wanda mutanen Ninzo na tsakiyar Najeriya ke magana == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Ninzic/Ninzo%20wordlist.pdf Jerin Kalmomin Harshen Ninzo na Tsakiyar Najeriya da alakar sa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250523221034/https://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Plateau/Ninzic/Ninzo%20wordlist.pdf |date=2025-05-23 }} ta Roger Blench (PDF) [[Category:Harsuna]] [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kh3zurab5rnjvjclp7pmon11cz0uurz 0 74738 823889 562539 2026-04-22T00:07:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Desa Adian Gupa, Siempat Nempu, Dairi.jpg|thumb|gupa]] '''Gupa-Abawa''' yare ne daga cikin iyalin Nupoid, da ake magana dashi a [[Neja|Jihar Nijar]], [[Najeriya]]. An sanya masa suna ne bayan kabilun su guda biyu, Gupa da Abawa . Ana magana da Gupa a ƙauyukan Gupa, Abugi-Jankara, Emirokpa, Favu, Kenigi, Kpotagi, Abete, Kuba, Avu, Dagbaje, Eji, Jihun, Yelwa, Cheku, Atsu,chepa, Alaba, Gbedu, da Kirikpo dake kudancin [[Lapai]]. <ref name="Blench20132">Blench, Roger. 2013. ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/VN/Nupoid/Nupoid%20Overview%202013.pdf The Nupoid languages of west-central Nigeria: overview and comparative word list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101013111/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/VN/Nupoid/Nupoid%20Overview%202013.pdf |date=2020-11-01 }}''.</ref> cikin ƙamus, yana da alaƙa da [[Harshen Kami|Kami]] da [[Ganaganci|Dibo]]. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Volta-Niger languages}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] 60ntcgrrf3vxj7vdtxczjhfno9a4wf5 0 74894 823887 454240 2026-04-22T00:07:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ga''' (wanda aka fi sani da Ganda, Ga'andu, Mokar, Makwar) yare ne na [[Yaren Biu–Mandara|Biu-Mandara]] wanda kusan mutane 43,000 ke magana dashi a yankin [[Gombi]] a [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]] a [[Najeriya]] . Masu magana da yaren yawancin su suna zaune a fadin tsawon da faɗin [[Najeriya]]. Yana da <ref>Blench, 2006. [http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203055600/http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf |date=2024-12-03 }} (ms)</ref> yare guda uku, Ga'anda, Gabun da Boga; Blench (2006) ya rarraba Gabun yare ne daban. (2019) ya lissafa Kaɓәn da Fәrtata a matsayin nau'ikan Ga'anda. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin hadi na waje== * [http://www.livingreviews.org/wals/languoid/lect/wals_code_gnd Tsarin Harshe na Duniya don shigar da Ga'anda] * Roxana Ma Newman. 1971. "A Case Grammar of Ga'anda," Jami'ar California a Los Angeles PhD dissertation. {{Languages of Nigeria}}{{Biu–Mandara languages}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] rtz8fnjnlws34rpj91x1u3t8qhs8bze 0 74900 823873 475835 2026-04-21T23:52:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}''Dong'', ko '''Donga''', yare ne da ba'a rubuta shi sosai ba a [[Najeriya]]. Kodayake a bayyane yake Nijar-Congo, yana da wahala a rarraba shi; masanin yaren na Burtaniya Roger Blench ya bada shawarar cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Dakoid, mafi kusa da [[Ga harshe|Gaa]].<ref>Dong at ''Ethnologue'' (18th ed., 2015)</ref> [[File:Tilla Donga from Donga Gali.JPG|thumb|Yaren. Dong]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Bayanan littattafai == * Blench, Roger (n.d.) 'Yaren (Dong) da alakarsa'. Ms. ta rarraba a taron 27th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics, Leiden, 1994. * Blench, Roger (2008) 'Tsarin proto-Plateau'. Rubutun hannu. * Blench, Roger (2011) [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Bantoid/General/Blench%20Bantu%20IV%20Berlin%20Bantoid%202011.pdf 'Membobin da tsarin ciki na Bantoid da iyaka da Bantu'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919081122/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Bantoid/General/Blench%20Bantu%20IV%20Berlin%20Bantoid%202011.pdf |date=2020-09-19 }}. Bantu IV, Jami'ar Humboldt, Berlin. [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] 84onw45g9lsz503nq53kta0h7b8cp1s 0 74902 823902 457181 2026-04-22T01:44:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yaren Dii''' wani yare ne a cikin reshen [[Harsunan Daru|Duru]] a [[Harsunan Savannas|yarukan Savanna]] . ''Yag Dii'' shine sunan kabilanci. Ethnologue ya lissafa Mambe", Mamna'a, Goom, Boow, Ngbang, Sagzee, Vaazin, Home, Nyok a matsayin yaruka, kuma ya lura cewa Goom na iya zama yare daban. Blench (2004) ya lissafa su duka, da kuma ''Phaane'', a matsayin yaruka daban-daban, ba kusa da juna ba fiye da saura yarukan Dii, Duupa, Dugun (Panõ). '''Duupa''' (masu magana da yaren mutun 5,000) sun kasance suna zaune a cikin tsaunukan Hosséré Vokré zuwa gabashin Poli (a cikin garin Poli, Sashen Faro, Yankin Arewa). a yau, yawancinsu sun sauko daga duwatsu kuma yanzu suna zaune a cikin filayen [[Lobi River|Kogin Lobi]] (a kusa da mahaɗar inda hanyar Ngaoundéré-[[Garoua]] ta wuce) da kuma a Poli. '''Dugun''', wanda kuma ake kira '''Pa'no''' (masu magana da yaren mutun 7,000 (Lars Lode 1997)), suna zaune a kudu maso gabashin Poli a yankin Arewa (a cikin garin Poli, garin Faro, da garin Lagdo a cikin sashen Bénoué). ''Dugun'' suna zaune a cikin filayen, kuma ''Saa'' a tsakiyar wani tsaunuka wanda yake da wuyar isa. Lars Lode, masanin yare na mishan, ya kiyasta kamanceceniya na 95% tsakanin nau'ikan biyu ta amfani da jerin kalmomi 100. Dugun suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin rukuni na mutanen Dii (ko Duru). , koda yake yana da alaƙa da Dii, ya bambanta. '''Dii''' (47,000 mutane magana da yaren (SIL 1982)) suna zaune a gabashin Dugun. Suna zaune a babban bangare na filayen [[Benue (kogi)|Kogin Bénoué]], gami da sassan Mayo-Rey (Tcholliré commune, Yankin Arewa) da Vina (Mbé da Ngaoundéré communes, Yankin Adamaoua). Sun fi yawa a gabashin Poli a cikin filayen Mayo-Sala da Mayo-Rey (a cikin garin Tcholliré) da kuma yankin Benue River (a cikin yankin Lagdo) da kuma saman yankin Vina River (a yankunan Nganha da Mbé), a gefen dutsen Adamaoua (Ngaoundéré). '''Nyok''', wanda wasu masu magana da yaren Dii suka ɗauka a matsayin yaren sirri (yaren na masu sihiri), na iya zama yare daban. Bugu da ƙari, ba'a san abubuwa da yawa game da '''Goom''' ba, wanda ''ALCAM'' (2012) ya ɗauka a matsayin yaren Dii. == Tsarin Rubuce-rubuce == {| class="wikitable" |+Harshen haruffa ! colspan="47" |Harafin manyan haruffa |- |[[A]] |[[B]] |[[Ɓ|Ɓara]] |[[D]] |[[E]] |Ɛ |Ə |[[F]] |[[G]] |Gb |[[H]] |[[I|Na]] |Sanya |[[L]] |[[M]] |[[ʼM]] |Mb |[[Mgb (trigraph)|Mgb]] |[[N]] |ʼN |Nd |Nz |Ŋ |[[Ŋg (digraph)|Ŋg]] |[[O]] |O |[[R]] |[[S]] |[[U]] |Sanya |[[V]] |[[Vb (digraph)|Vb]] |[[W]] |[[ʼW]] |[[Y]] |[[ʼY]] |[[Z]] |- ! colspan="47" |Harafin ƙananan kalmomi |- |a |b |ɓ |d |da kuma |ɛ |ə |f |g |gb |h |i |Ƙari |l |m |ʼm |mb |mgb |n |ʼn |nd |nz |ŋ |Gãnuwa |o |Owu |r |s |u |ʉ |v |vb |w |ʼw |da kuma |'Y |z |} Ana nuna nasalisation tare da cedilla: ‹a̧, ː, ə̧, i̧, o̧, u̧›; Ba za a iya sanya sautin ‹ɨ, ɔ, ʉ› ba. Ana nuna sautunan ta hanyar karin magana * Babban sautin yana nunawa ta hanyar karin magana: ‹á, á̧, é, ː́, í, í̧, ɨ́, ó, ó̧, ɔ́, ú, ú̧, ʉ́›; * Sautin da bashi da kyau ana nuna shi ta hanyar magana mai tsanani: ‹à, à̧, è, ː, ə̧, ì, ì, ɨ̀, ò, ò̧, ɔ̀, ù, ù̧, ʉ̀›; * Matsakaicin sautin yana nunawa ba tare da alamar ba: ‹a, a̧, e, ː, i̧, ɨ, o, o̧, ɔ, u, u̧, ʉ›. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * [Hasiya] [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Adamawa%20language%20list.pdf Jerin harsunan Adamawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20171024094404/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Adamawa%20language%20list.pdf |date=2017-10-24 }} (ms) {{Adamawa languages}} 8j1elr2k22its45aq1qac0zjw3ama6h 0 74933 823744 397884 2026-04-21T16:10:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 823744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren, wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"[lower -alpha 2]{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}}; da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren,{{Efn|{{lang-uk|Державний гімн України}}, {{transliteration|uk|Derzhavnyi himn Ukrainy}}}} taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian). [1]<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862. {{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa. {{Sfn|Klid|2008}}<nowiki> cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta ""parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"lang","href":"./Template:Lang"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"sr"},"2":{"wt":"Srpska pesma"},"italic":{"wt":"no"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwgA" title="Serbian-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></nowiki><span lang="sr" style="font-style: normal;">Srpska pesma</span>" (lit. 'Serbian song') [1] yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa". {{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka. {{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka. {{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. [1] == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references group="lower-alpha" /> gbvbu5w751odp7alm71w5rxzr33ub03 823745 823744 2026-04-21T16:10:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 823745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren, wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"[lower -alpha 2]{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}}; da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian). [1]<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862. {{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa. {{Sfn|Klid|2008}}<nowiki> cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta ""parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"lang","href":"./Template:Lang"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"sr"},"2":{"wt":"Srpska pesma"},"italic":{"wt":"no"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwgA" title="Serbian-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></nowiki><span lang="sr" style="font-style: normal;">Srpska pesma</span>" (lit. 'Serbian song') [1] yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa". {{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka. {{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka. {{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. [1] == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references group="lower-alpha" /> 3kfaotclskvwgn2erx8u8flcyj3spjw 823746 823745 2026-04-21T16:10:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 823746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren, wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}} da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian). [1]<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862. {{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa. {{Sfn|Klid|2008}}<nowiki> cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta ""parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"lang","href":"./Template:Lang"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"sr"},"2":{"wt":"Srpska pesma"},"italic":{"wt":"no"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwgA" title="Serbian-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></nowiki><span lang="sr" style="font-style: normal;">Srpska pesma</span>" (lit. 'Serbian song') [1] yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa". {{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka. {{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka. {{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. [1] == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references group="lower-alpha" /> 4cqqcfy7iuecyrkrw7dw0sng3757sy2 823747 823746 2026-04-21T16:11:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 823747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren, wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}} da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian). [1]<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862. {{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa. {{Sfn|Klid|2008}}<nowiki> cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta ""parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"lang","href":"./Template:Lang"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"sr"},"2":{"wt":"Srpska pesma"},"italic":{"wt":"no"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwgA" title="Serbian-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></nowiki><span lang="sr" style="font-style: normal;">Srpska pesma</span>" (lit. 'Serbian song') [1] yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa". {{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka. {{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka. {{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. [1] == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references group="lower-alpha" /> qjt4a7todv4v2bj3mewapmy9ydeonc8 823748 823747 2026-04-21T16:11:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 823748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren, wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}} da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian).<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862. {{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa. {{Sfn|Klid|2008}}<nowiki> cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta ""parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"lang","href":"./Template:Lang"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"sr"},"2":{"wt":"Srpska pesma"},"italic":{"wt":"no"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwgA" title="Serbian-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></nowiki><span lang="sr" style="font-style: normal;">Srpska pesma</span>" (lit. 'Serbian song') [1] yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa". {{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka. {{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka. {{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. [1] == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references group="lower-alpha" /> 4cngtv85lpv42eg3avyvhtbhc45lbe5 823750 823748 2026-04-21T16:11:37Z Pharouqenr 25549 823750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] '''Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren''', wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}} da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian).<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862. {{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa. {{Sfn|Klid|2008}}<nowiki> cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta ""parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"lang","href":"./Template:Lang"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"sr"},"2":{"wt":"Srpska pesma"},"italic":{"wt":"no"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwgA" title="Serbian-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion"></nowiki><span lang="sr" style="font-style: normal;">Srpska pesma</span>" (lit. 'Serbian song') [1] yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa". {{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka. {{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka. {{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. [1] == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references group="lower-alpha" /> 2xf33ijvua8xbviw7kcuc9kxhwkv40s 823753 823750 2026-04-21T16:12:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 823753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] '''Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren''', wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}} da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian).<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862. {{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa. {{Sfn|Klid|2008}} cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa". {{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka. {{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka. {{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. [1] == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references group="lower-alpha" /> tmmo34xj61zquu27swm450f15asnaq8 823754 823753 2026-04-21T16:12:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 823754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] '''Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren''', wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}} da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian).<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862.{{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa. {{Sfn|Klid|2008}} cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa". {{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka. {{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka. {{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. [1] == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references group="lower-alpha" /> bp9835qw2e54wky4hing2d0j0o6y49z 823755 823754 2026-04-21T16:12:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 823755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] '''Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren''', wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}} da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian).<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862.{{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa.{{Sfn|Klid|2008}} cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa". {{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka. {{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka. {{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. [1] == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references group="lower-alpha" /> leno8qyqhsmpamn2gb4ytb1dfkascom 823757 823755 2026-04-21T16:12:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 823757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] '''Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren''', wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}} da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian).<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862.{{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa.{{Sfn|Klid|2008}} cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa". {{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka.{{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka. {{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. [1] == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references group="lower-alpha" /> tmintsr7k6l1gz0hg7zb5ra1b7imjgm 823760 823757 2026-04-21T16:13:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 823760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] '''Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren''', wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}} da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian).<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862.{{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa.{{Sfn|Klid|2008}} cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa".{{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka.{{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka. {{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. [1] == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references group="lower-alpha" /> hybliwwsuy9lsl05tkn5z94kah46vfe 823762 823760 2026-04-21T16:13:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 823762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] '''Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren''', wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}} da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian).<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862.{{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa.{{Sfn|Klid|2008}} cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa".{{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka.{{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka.{{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. [1] == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references group="lower-alpha" /> dided2rn801uxfp3boinqiexxyyrry2 823763 823762 2026-04-21T16:14:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 823763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] '''Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren''', wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}} da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian).<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862.{{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa.{{Sfn|Klid|2008}} cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa".{{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka.{{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka.{{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. [1] == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references group="lower-alpha" /> nl221tmi1apm7f4fkpoin5a2bvzu6l2 823764 823763 2026-04-21T16:14:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 823764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] '''Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren''', wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}} da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian).<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862.{{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa.{{Sfn|Klid|2008}} cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa".{{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka.{{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka.{{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] <references group="lower-alpha" /> 56mo9f6ts5s0b0hv23a3u3xqhm8lh1u 823766 823764 2026-04-21T16:14:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 823766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] '''Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren''', wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}} da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian).<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862.{{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa.{{Sfn|Klid|2008}} cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa".{{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka.{{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka.{{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. == Manazarta == [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] 935n4o7i3vm1f23j0t6y3teqcdye8hj 823768 823766 2026-04-21T16:15:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 823768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[File:Anthem_Ukraine_1863.jpg|thumb|Reprint edition na mujallar Lviv "Meta" na 1863, bugawa ta farko na waka (Old Ukrainian orthography) ]] '''Waƙar taken kasa da ta jihar Yukren''', wacce aka sani da layin ta na farkon fitowa hukuma ""Shche ne vmerla Ukraine" i slava, i volia" ainihin taken sa "Shche Ne vmerla Ukraina"{{Refn|<ref name="Horban"/> <ref name="Baikienich"/> <ref name="Zaslavska"/> <ref name="Ukraina"/>}} da kuma sunanta a hukumance na taken kasar Yukren, taken na ɗaya daga cikin Alamomin jihar da ƙasar. Taken ta kunshi ‘yan gyare-gyare a aya ta farko da kuma amsa amo na waƙar kishin ƙasar "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]", wanda Pavlo Chubynskyi, sanannen Masanin ilimin lissafi daga [[Kiev|Kyiv]] ya rubuta a 1862. A cikin 1863, Mykhailo Verbytskyi, mawaƙi na Yukren kuma firist na Katolika na Girka, ya kirkiro kiɗa don tafiya tare da wakar Chubynskyi. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} na jama'a na farko na wannan waka ya faru a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. A farkon rabin karni na 20, a lokacin yunkurin da ba a yi nasara ba don samun 'yancin kai da ƙirƙirar jiha daga yankunan Daular Rasha, Poland, da Austria-Hungary, waƙar ita ce taken ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Yukren, Jamhuriwar Jama'ar Yammacin Yukren, da Carpatho-Yukren. An gudanar da gasa don taken ƙasa bayan rabuwa daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], tare da ɗayan waƙar wato "Za Ukrainu" (ma’ana Ukraine') na marubucin Yukren kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Mykola Voronyi. "[[:uk:Ще не вмерла Україна|Shche ne vmerla Ukraine]]" Yukren ta karbe shi a hukumance ta hanyar Verkhovna Rada (majalisa) a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1992. karɓi hukuma a ranar 6 ga Maris 2003 ta Dokar kan taken ƙasar Ukraine (Ukrainian).<div style="display: none;"> <ref name="Baikienich">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220225155840/https://uinp.gov.ua/elektronni-vydannya/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv/zavantazhyty-pdf/kolekciya-pamyatok-do-pamyatnyh-dat-ukrayinskoyi-revolyuciyi-1917-1921-rokiv-144-dpi Байкєніч Г., Охрімчук О. / Український інститут національної пам’яті (2020). ''Колекція пам’яток до пам’ятних дат Української революції 1917—1921 років. Збірка методичних рекомендацій'']</ref> <ref name="Horban">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181223021721/https://library.znu.edu.ua/bibliograf/pokazniki/2017/Sumvol_nacionalnoi_-_dergavnoi_veluci.pdf Горбань О. А., Чала Н. М. / Запорізький національний університет (2017). ''Символ національної і державної величі : До 25-річчя від дня затвердження Державного гімну України : бібліографічний покажчик'']</ref> <ref name="Zaslavska">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223800/http://ippi.org.ua/sites/default/files/verstka_gimn.pdf Заславська Л. В., Голубовська В. С., Дорогих С. О. / НДІІП НАПрН України (2020). ''Державний гімн України: історико-правові аспекти (збірник документів і матеріалів)'']</ref> <ref name="Ukraina"> , , / , , , / , , , </ref> <ref name="Ukrainy ni"> , , </ref> </div> == Tarihi == === Tarihi === [[File:Pavlo_Chubynskyi.jpg|thumb|Pavlo Chubynskyi]] [[File:Mykhaylo_Verbytsky.jpg|thumb|Mykhailo Verbytskyi]] Ana iya gani asalin taken ƙasar Yukren zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun Masanin ilimin lissafi na Yukren Pavlo Chubynskyi wanda ya faru a lokacin kaka na 1862.{{Sfn|Hrytsak|2005}} Masana sun yi tunanin cewa waƙar ƙasar Poland "Jеш Polska nie markas" (ma’ana, ‘Poland ba ta ɓace ba tukuna'), wanda ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1797 kuma daga baya ya zama taken ƙasar Poland da Polish Legions, ya kuma rinjayi Kalmomin Chubynskyi. "Jешto Polska nie zginela" ya shahara a tsakanin al'ummomin tsohuwar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania waɗanda a wannan lokacin suke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin kansu; Tashin-tashin na watan Janairu ya fara ne 'yan watanni bayan Chubynskyi ya rubuta kalmominsa.{{Sfn|Klid|2008}} cewar wani mai ba da labari wanda ya kasance, Chubynskyi ya rubuta wakar takensa ba zato ba tsammani bayan ya saurari ɗaliban Serbia suna raira waƙar Svetozar Miletić ta yayin taron ɗaliban Serbia da Yukren a cikin ɗakin [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Ukrainophiles na farko-farko sun dauki kalmomin Chubynskyi zuwa sama cikin sauri. A cikin shekara ta 1862, shugaban 'yan sanda, Yarima Vasily Dolgorukov, ya kori Chubynskyi zuwa Gwamnatin Arkhangelsk saboda "matsananciyar tasiri a kan zukatan talakawa".{{Sfn|Kubijovyč|1963}} An fara buga wakar a hukumance a shekarar 1863 lokacin da ta bayyana a cikin fitowa ta huɗu ta mujallar Lviv Meta; mujallar ta yi kuskuren ta danganta waka ga Taras Shevchenko. Ya zama sananne a yankunan da yanzu suka zama wani ɓangare na Yammacin Yukren, kuma ya zo ga hankalin wani memba na malamai na Yukren, Mykhailo Verbytskyi na Cocin Katolika na Girka.{{Sfn|Struk|1993}} Yayin da wakar ta yi tasiri ga Chubynskyi, Verbytskyi, a lokacin shi sanannen mawaƙi na a Yukren, ya yanke shawarar saita kalmomjn zuwa waka.{{Sfn|Magocsi|2010}} An fara buga Kalmomin ne tare da waka na Verbytskyi a cikin 1865. Wasan kwaikwayo {{Sfn|Bristow|2006}} farko na jama'a na wannan yanki ya kasance a 1864 a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ruska Besida a Lviv. Ɗaya daga cikin rikodin na farko na wannan taken (wanda aka rubuta "Szcze ne wmerła Ukrajiny ni sława, ni wola") a cikin harshen Yukren an sake shi a kan na’urar garmaho ta kamfanin Columbia Phonograph Company a lokacin yakin duniya na daya a cikin 1916. A matsayin waƙar gargajiya ta yi ta wani ɗan gudun hijirar Ukraine daga Lviv da mazaunin New York Mykhailo Zazuliak a cikin 1915. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] qck8f9wawdijen7yjtm24wmf2ljn5xw 0 75832 823977 404057 2026-04-22T06:53:05Z Nura Bello 24854 823977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lamia Essaadi''' (an haife ta ne a ranar 3 ga Oktoba ahekarun 1979) tsohuwar 'yar wasan [[Tennis]] ce ta Maroko. Essaadi tana da Matsayi na WTA na 469 a cikin mutane, wanda aka samu a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2001, da kuma 398 a cikin ninki biyu, wanda aka kafa a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 1998. Ta lashe lambar yabo guda daya a kan ITF Women's Circuit . Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na WTA kawai ya zo ne a Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem na 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/fes/mar/2008/w-t4-mar-01a-2008/draws-and-results/|title=2008 Grand Prix SAR La Princesse Lalla Meryem Draw|publisher=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> Yana wasa ga tawagar Morocco Fed Cup, Essaadi yana da rikodin nasara-hasara na 3-0.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.billiejeankingcup.com/en/players/player.aspx?id=800198475|title=Lamia Essaadi|publisher=www.billiejeankingcup.com|access-date=2024-03-22|archive-date=2022-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617044509/https://www.billiejeankingcup.com/en/players/player.aspx?id=800198475|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wasanni na ITF == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; width:12%;" |Wasanni na $ 25,000 |- style="background:#f0f8ff;" |Wasanni na $ 10,000 |} === Singles: 3 (1 taken, 2 runner-ups) === {| class="sortable wikitable" !Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" |W-L !Ranar       !Gasar !Tier !Yankin da ke sama !Abokin hamayya ! class="unsortable" |Sakamakon |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Rashin |<small>0–1</small> |Mayu 2000 | style="background:#f0f8ff;" |ITF Caserta, Italiya | style="background:#f0f8ff;" |10,000 |Yumbu |[[María Emilia Salerni]]{{Flagicon|ARG}} |4–6, 1–6 |- | style="background:#98fb98;" |Nasara |<small>1–1</small> |Agusta 2008 | style="background:#f0f8ff;" |ITF Rabat, Morocco | style="background:#f0f8ff;" |10,000 |Yumbu |[[Lisa Sabino]]{{Flagicon|ITA}} |7–6⁽⁴⁾, 6–2 |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Rashin |<small>1–2</small> |Oktoba 2008 | style="background:#f0f8ff;" |ITF Vila Real na Santo António, Portugal | style="background:#f0f8ff;" |10,000 |Yumbu |[[Nadia Lalami]]{{Flagicon|MAR}} |1-2 da suka yi tsayayya. |} === Sau biyu: 1 (wanda ya zo na biyu) === {| class="sortable wikitable" !Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" |W-L !Ranar       !Gasar !Tier !Yankin da ke sama !Abokin hulɗa !Masu adawa ! class="unsortable" |Sakamakon |- | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Rashin |<small>0–1</small> |Nuwamba 1999 | style="background:#f0f8ff;" |ITF Ismailia, Misira | style="background:#f0f8ff;" |10,000 |Yumbu |[[Monique Le Sueur]]{{Flagicon|RSA}} |[[Sabina da Ponte]] [[Silvia Uríčková]]{{Flagicon|ITA}}<br />{{Flagicon|SVK}} |1–6, 2–6 |} == Kasancewar Fed Cup == === Ɗaiɗaiki === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%" !Fitowa !Mataki !Ranar !Wurin da yake !A kan adawa !Yankin da ke sama !Abokin hamayya !W/L !Sakamakon |- bgcolor="#EBC2AF" | rowspan="3" |2008 Fed Cup Turai / Afirka Yankin rukuni na III | rowspan="3" |R/R |22 ga Afrilu 2008 | rowspan="3" |[[Yerevan]], Armenia |Misira | rowspan="3" |Yumbu |[[Aliaa Fakhry]]{{Flagicon|EGY}} | style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;" |W |6–1, 6–2 |- bgcolor="#EBC2AF" |24 ga Afrilu 2008 |[[Kungiyar Moldova Fed Cup|Moldova]]{{Flagicon|MLD}} |[[Ecaterina Vasenina]]{{Flagicon|MLD}} | style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;" |W |6–2, 6–1 |- bgcolor="#EBC2AF" |26 ga Afrilu 2008 |[[Kungiyar Fed Cup ta Finland|Finland]]{{Flagicon|FIN}} |[[Heini Salonen]]{{Flagicon|FIN}} | style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98;" |W |6–2, 6–3 |} == ITF Junior karshe == === Sau biyu (2-0) === {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:97%" !Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" |W-L !Ranar !Gasar !Matsayi !Yankin da ke sama !Abokin hulɗa !Masu adawa ! class="unsortable" |Sakamakon |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Wanda ya ci nasara |1–0 |Satumba 1995 |Giza, Misira |G5 |Da wuya |[[Habiba Ifrakh]]{{Flagicon|MAR}} |Birgit Krell Kati Wolner{{Flagicon|AUT}}<br />{{Flagicon|AUT}} |w/o |- | bgcolor="98FB98" |Wanda ya ci nasara |2–0 |Yuli 1996 |[[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]], Morocco |G5 |Da wuya |Meryem El Haddad{{Flagicon|MAR}} |Sara Abaza Nazly El Sawaf{{Flagicon|EGY}}<br />{{Flagicon|EGY}} |6–4, 3–6, 6–0 |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1979]] n6wd3ipw31f9h5479a1xlkyxdrol6j9 0 76416 824127 406063 2026-04-22T10:01:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zam Zam Abdullahi Abdi''' yar jarida [[Somaliya|ce]] kuma [[Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam|mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam]] . Ta mayar da hankali musamman kan hakkin [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|mata]] da [[Haƙƙoƙin yara|yara]] . Ita 'yar kasa ce ta [[Somaliya]] da [[Kenya]] . == Ayyukan aiki == Abdi ita ce jami'ar gina ƙwazo na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Mata na Grassroots kuma shugabar Sashen Somaliya na Ƙungiyar Sadarwar Afirka don Kariya da Kariya daga Cin zarafin Yara da Rashin Kula da Yara. Abdi yana aiki don samun sauƙin [[Samun Ilimi|samun ilimi]] ga matan Somaliya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohamed |date=30 November 2008 |title=Human Rights Activists Pressure International Community to Address the Somali Crisis |url=https://mshale.com/2008/11/30/human-rights-activists-pressure-international-community-to-address-the-somali-crisis/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=Mshale |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Yin garkuwa da mutane == A cikin 2004, yayin da yake kula da labarai na kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Somaliya, wasu mutane dauke da makamai sun sace Abdi tare da tsare shi daga ranar 24 ga Oktoba zuwa 25th a [[Mogadishu]], babban birnin Somalia. Ta yi imanin cewa an sace ta ne saboda ayyukanta na kare yara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2004 |title=Une journaliste brièvement kidnappée à Mogadiscio |url=https://rsf.org/fr/une-journaliste-bri%C3%A8vement-kidnapp%C3%A9e-%C3%A0-mogadiscio |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=[[Reporters Without Borders]] |language=fr}}</ref> == Zargin ta'addancin 2016 == A watan Oktoba 2016, Zam Zam Abdullahi Abdi ta gurfana a gaban babbar kotun Kenya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bwana |first=Joackim |date=25 September 2016 |title=Three girls charged for concealing information about police raid |url=http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2016/sept/117841/three_girls_charged_for_concealing_information_about_police_raid.aspx |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=[[Hiiraan Online]] |language=en-US}}</ref> An zarge ta da kai harin bam a ofishin 'yan sanda a [[Mombasa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oketch |first=Willis |title=Three more women held in Mombasa terror probe |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/coast/article/2000216900/three-more-women-held-in-mombasa-terror-probe |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=[[The Standard (Kenya)|The Standard]] |language=en}}</ref> Kungiyar Cage Africa ta yi Allah-wadai da karar yayin da ba a ba lauyoyin masu fafutuka hudu damar gabatar da shaidu don kalubalantar tuhumar ba. An ba da rahoton cewa an yi wa masu fafutuka bincike a kai a kai. == Magana == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] fmtgkqc2z3ytgb2uqjggx7sd7v9141z 0 76955 823989 718360 2026-04-22T08:19:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 823989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aymen Barkok''' ( {{Lang-ar|أيمن برقوق}} ; An haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren [[Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ko winger na dama na 2. Kulob ɗin Bundesliga Hertha BSC kan aro daga Mainz 05 . An haife shi a Jamus, yana buga wa [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|tawagar ƙasar Morocco tamaula]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن بركوك – Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kooora.com/default.aspx?player=126976 |access-date=7 February 2018 |website=kooora.com |language=Arabic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spielersteckbrief Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/2bundesliga/vereine/2-bundesliga/2016-17/fortuna-duesseldorf-13/83928/spieler_barkok-aymane.html |website=kicker |language=German}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == A kan 20 Oktoba 2016, Barkok, wanda a baya yana wasa tare da ’yan ƙasa da 19, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrunsa na farko tare da Frankfurt, mai dorewa har zuwa 2020. Barkok ya fara taka leda a Eintracht Frankfurt a Bundesliga a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2016 a wasan waje da Werder Bremen, yana zuwa ne ga Mijat Gaćinović a cikin minti na 75th. Barkok ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a ragar Frankfurt a minti na ƙarshe na wasan, inda aka tashi wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 19 ga Mayu 2018, Barkok ya shiga sabon shiga Bundesliga Fortuna Düsseldorf a matsayin aro don kakar 2018-19. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2018 |title=Aymen Barkok joins Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan |url=https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604054839/https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=26 July 2018 |publisher=Eintracht Frankfurt}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2022, Mainz 05 ta sanar da cewa Barkok ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da kulob ɗin, wanda ya fara daga 1 Yuli 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=BARKOK TO JOIN MAINZ 05 THIS SUMMER |url=https://www1.mainz05.de/en/news/barkok-to-join-mainz-05-this-summer/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |publisher=Mainz 05}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2024, Barkok ya koma kan aro zuwa Hertha BSC har zuwa karshen kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Hertha BSC sign Aymen Barkok on loan |url=https://www.herthabsc.com/en/news/2024/01/transfer-aymen-barkok-2324 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Hertha BSC}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Barkok a Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aymen Barkok entre le Maroc et la Mannschaft |url=http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509194033/http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Le360 Sport |language=French}}</ref> Shi tsohon matashi ne na duniya na Jamus. Ya sauya sheka ya wakilci ƙasar sa ta haihuwa, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|tawagar kasyar Morocco]] . Ya fafata da su a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Senegal da ci 3-1 a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco vs. Senegal - 9 October 2020 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/09/world/friendlies/morocco/senegal/3369317/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Girmamawa == '''Eintracht Frankfurt''' * DFB-Pokal : 2017–18 * UEFA Europa League : 2021-22 '''Mutum''' * Fritz Walter Medal U19 Azurfa: 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Fritz-Walter-Medaillen in Gold für Özcan, Arp und Feldkamp |url=https://www.dfb.de/news/detail/fritz-walter-medaillen-in-gold-fuer-oezcan-arp-und-feldkamp-171235/ |access-date=28 July 2017 |publisher=[[German Football Association]] |language=de}}</ref> == Kididdigar Ma'aikata == === Kulob === {{Updated|26 March 2024}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/aymen-barkok/414413/|title=A. BARKOK|website=Soccerway}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Eintracht Frankfurt |2016-17 | rowspan="4" |Bundesliga |18 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |2 |- |2017-18 |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- |2020-21 |26 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |28 |2 |- |2021-22 |5 |0 |1 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 |7 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !58 !4 !5 !0 !1 !0 !64 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |12 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |2019-20 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !15 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !18 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf II (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Regionalliga |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- |2019-20 |6 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |6 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9 !5 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !9 !5 |- | rowspan="3" |Mainz 05 |2022-23 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |23 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |26 |1 |- |2023-24 |13 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !36 !1 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !40 !2 |- |Mainz 05 II |2022-23 |Regionalliga |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |Hertha BSC |2023-24 |2. Bundesliga |8 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career Total !127 !10 !13 !1 !1 !0 !141 !11 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] pj0hojanrgp5e9iayzignrwdsi2ocrh 823990 823989 2026-04-22T08:19:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 823990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aymen Barkok''' ( {{Lang-ar|أيمن برقوق}} ; An haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ko winger na dama na 2. Kulob ɗin Bundesliga Hertha BSC kan aro daga Mainz 05 . An haife shi a Jamus, yana buga wa [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|tawagar ƙasar Morocco tamaula]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن بركوك – Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kooora.com/default.aspx?player=126976 |access-date=7 February 2018 |website=kooora.com |language=Arabic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spielersteckbrief Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/2bundesliga/vereine/2-bundesliga/2016-17/fortuna-duesseldorf-13/83928/spieler_barkok-aymane.html |website=kicker |language=German}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == A kan 20 Oktoba 2016, Barkok, wanda a baya yana wasa tare da ’yan ƙasa da 19, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrunsa na farko tare da Frankfurt, mai dorewa har zuwa 2020. Barkok ya fara taka leda a Eintracht Frankfurt a Bundesliga a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2016 a wasan waje da Werder Bremen, yana zuwa ne ga Mijat Gaćinović a cikin minti na 75th. Barkok ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a ragar Frankfurt a minti na ƙarshe na wasan, inda aka tashi wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 19 ga Mayu 2018, Barkok ya shiga sabon shiga Bundesliga Fortuna Düsseldorf a matsayin aro don kakar 2018-19. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2018 |title=Aymen Barkok joins Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan |url=https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604054839/https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=26 July 2018 |publisher=Eintracht Frankfurt}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2022, Mainz 05 ta sanar da cewa Barkok ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da kulob ɗin, wanda ya fara daga 1 Yuli 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=BARKOK TO JOIN MAINZ 05 THIS SUMMER |url=https://www1.mainz05.de/en/news/barkok-to-join-mainz-05-this-summer/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |publisher=Mainz 05}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2024, Barkok ya koma kan aro zuwa Hertha BSC har zuwa karshen kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Hertha BSC sign Aymen Barkok on loan |url=https://www.herthabsc.com/en/news/2024/01/transfer-aymen-barkok-2324 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Hertha BSC}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Barkok a Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aymen Barkok entre le Maroc et la Mannschaft |url=http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509194033/http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Le360 Sport |language=French}}</ref> Shi tsohon matashi ne na duniya na Jamus. Ya sauya sheka ya wakilci ƙasar sa ta haihuwa, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|tawagar kasyar Morocco]] . Ya fafata da su a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Senegal da ci 3-1 a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco vs. Senegal - 9 October 2020 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/09/world/friendlies/morocco/senegal/3369317/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Girmamawa == '''Eintracht Frankfurt''' * DFB-Pokal : 2017–18 * UEFA Europa League : 2021-22 '''Mutum''' * Fritz Walter Medal U19 Azurfa: 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Fritz-Walter-Medaillen in Gold für Özcan, Arp und Feldkamp |url=https://www.dfb.de/news/detail/fritz-walter-medaillen-in-gold-fuer-oezcan-arp-und-feldkamp-171235/ |access-date=28 July 2017 |publisher=[[German Football Association]] |language=de}}</ref> == Kididdigar Ma'aikata == === Kulob === {{Updated|26 March 2024}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/aymen-barkok/414413/|title=A. BARKOK|website=Soccerway}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Eintracht Frankfurt |2016-17 | rowspan="4" |Bundesliga |18 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |2 |- |2017-18 |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- |2020-21 |26 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |28 |2 |- |2021-22 |5 |0 |1 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 |7 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !58 !4 !5 !0 !1 !0 !64 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |12 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |2019-20 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !15 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !18 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf II (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Regionalliga |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- |2019-20 |6 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |6 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9 !5 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !9 !5 |- | rowspan="3" |Mainz 05 |2022-23 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |23 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |26 |1 |- |2023-24 |13 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !36 !1 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !40 !2 |- |Mainz 05 II |2022-23 |Regionalliga |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |Hertha BSC |2023-24 |2. Bundesliga |8 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career Total !127 !10 !13 !1 !1 !0 !141 !11 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] n7zz420nnl2580302f4r4cjpuub1q5t 823991 823990 2026-04-22T08:19:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 823991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aymen Barkok''' ( {{Lang-ar|أيمن برقوق}} ; An haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ko winger na dama na 2. Kulob ɗin Bundesliga Hertha BSC kan aro daga Mainz 05 . An haife shi a Jamus, yana buga wa tawagar ƙasar Morocco tamaula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن بركوك – Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kooora.com/default.aspx?player=126976 |access-date=7 February 2018 |website=kooora.com |language=Arabic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spielersteckbrief Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/2bundesliga/vereine/2-bundesliga/2016-17/fortuna-duesseldorf-13/83928/spieler_barkok-aymane.html |website=kicker |language=German}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == A kan 20 Oktoba 2016, Barkok, wanda a baya yana wasa tare da ’yan ƙasa da 19, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrunsa na farko tare da Frankfurt, mai dorewa har zuwa 2020. Barkok ya fara taka leda a Eintracht Frankfurt a Bundesliga a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2016 a wasan waje da Werder Bremen, yana zuwa ne ga Mijat Gaćinović a cikin minti na 75th. Barkok ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a ragar Frankfurt a minti na ƙarshe na wasan, inda aka tashi wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 19 ga Mayu 2018, Barkok ya shiga sabon shiga Bundesliga Fortuna Düsseldorf a matsayin aro don kakar 2018-19. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2018 |title=Aymen Barkok joins Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan |url=https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604054839/https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=26 July 2018 |publisher=Eintracht Frankfurt}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2022, Mainz 05 ta sanar da cewa Barkok ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da kulob ɗin, wanda ya fara daga 1 Yuli 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=BARKOK TO JOIN MAINZ 05 THIS SUMMER |url=https://www1.mainz05.de/en/news/barkok-to-join-mainz-05-this-summer/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |publisher=Mainz 05}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2024, Barkok ya koma kan aro zuwa Hertha BSC har zuwa karshen kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Hertha BSC sign Aymen Barkok on loan |url=https://www.herthabsc.com/en/news/2024/01/transfer-aymen-barkok-2324 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Hertha BSC}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Barkok a Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aymen Barkok entre le Maroc et la Mannschaft |url=http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509194033/http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Le360 Sport |language=French}}</ref> Shi tsohon matashi ne na duniya na Jamus. Ya sauya sheka ya wakilci ƙasar sa ta haihuwa, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|tawagar kasyar Morocco]] . Ya fafata da su a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Senegal da ci 3-1 a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco vs. Senegal - 9 October 2020 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/09/world/friendlies/morocco/senegal/3369317/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Girmamawa == '''Eintracht Frankfurt''' * DFB-Pokal : 2017–18 * UEFA Europa League : 2021-22 '''Mutum''' * Fritz Walter Medal U19 Azurfa: 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Fritz-Walter-Medaillen in Gold für Özcan, Arp und Feldkamp |url=https://www.dfb.de/news/detail/fritz-walter-medaillen-in-gold-fuer-oezcan-arp-und-feldkamp-171235/ |access-date=28 July 2017 |publisher=[[German Football Association]] |language=de}}</ref> == Kididdigar Ma'aikata == === Kulob === {{Updated|26 March 2024}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/aymen-barkok/414413/|title=A. BARKOK|website=Soccerway}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Eintracht Frankfurt |2016-17 | rowspan="4" |Bundesliga |18 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |2 |- |2017-18 |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- |2020-21 |26 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |28 |2 |- |2021-22 |5 |0 |1 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 |7 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !58 !4 !5 !0 !1 !0 !64 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |12 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |2019-20 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !15 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !18 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf II (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Regionalliga |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- |2019-20 |6 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |6 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9 !5 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !9 !5 |- | rowspan="3" |Mainz 05 |2022-23 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |23 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |26 |1 |- |2023-24 |13 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !36 !1 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !40 !2 |- |Mainz 05 II |2022-23 |Regionalliga |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |Hertha BSC |2023-24 |2. Bundesliga |8 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career Total !127 !10 !13 !1 !1 !0 !141 !11 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] as73h9mf6uulou8ybf64o4rx3dt132m 823992 823991 2026-04-22T08:20:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 823992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aymen Barkok''' ( {{Lang-ar|أيمن برقوق}}; An haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ko winger na dama na 2. Kulob ɗin Bundesliga Hertha BSC kan aro daga Mainz 05 . An haife shi a Jamus, yana buga wa tawagar ƙasar Morocco tamaula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن بركوك – Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kooora.com/default.aspx?player=126976 |access-date=7 February 2018 |website=kooora.com |language=Arabic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spielersteckbrief Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/2bundesliga/vereine/2-bundesliga/2016-17/fortuna-duesseldorf-13/83928/spieler_barkok-aymane.html |website=kicker |language=German}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == A kan 20 Oktoba 2016, Barkok, wanda a baya yana wasa tare da ’yan ƙasa da 19, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrunsa na farko tare da Frankfurt, mai dorewa har zuwa 2020. Barkok ya fara taka leda a Eintracht Frankfurt a Bundesliga a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2016 a wasan waje da Werder Bremen, yana zuwa ne ga Mijat Gaćinović a cikin minti na 75th. Barkok ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a ragar Frankfurt a minti na ƙarshe na wasan, inda aka tashi wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 19 ga Mayu 2018, Barkok ya shiga sabon shiga Bundesliga Fortuna Düsseldorf a matsayin aro don kakar 2018-19. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2018 |title=Aymen Barkok joins Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan |url=https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604054839/https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=26 July 2018 |publisher=Eintracht Frankfurt}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2022, Mainz 05 ta sanar da cewa Barkok ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da kulob ɗin, wanda ya fara daga 1 Yuli 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=BARKOK TO JOIN MAINZ 05 THIS SUMMER |url=https://www1.mainz05.de/en/news/barkok-to-join-mainz-05-this-summer/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |publisher=Mainz 05}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2024, Barkok ya koma kan aro zuwa Hertha BSC har zuwa karshen kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Hertha BSC sign Aymen Barkok on loan |url=https://www.herthabsc.com/en/news/2024/01/transfer-aymen-barkok-2324 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Hertha BSC}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Barkok a Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aymen Barkok entre le Maroc et la Mannschaft |url=http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509194033/http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Le360 Sport |language=French}}</ref> Shi tsohon matashi ne na duniya na Jamus. Ya sauya sheka ya wakilci ƙasar sa ta haihuwa, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|tawagar kasyar Morocco]] . Ya fafata da su a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Senegal da ci 3-1 a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco vs. Senegal - 9 October 2020 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/09/world/friendlies/morocco/senegal/3369317/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Girmamawa == '''Eintracht Frankfurt''' * DFB-Pokal : 2017–18 * UEFA Europa League : 2021-22 '''Mutum''' * Fritz Walter Medal U19 Azurfa: 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Fritz-Walter-Medaillen in Gold für Özcan, Arp und Feldkamp |url=https://www.dfb.de/news/detail/fritz-walter-medaillen-in-gold-fuer-oezcan-arp-und-feldkamp-171235/ |access-date=28 July 2017 |publisher=[[German Football Association]] |language=de}}</ref> == Kididdigar Ma'aikata == === Kulob === {{Updated|26 March 2024}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/aymen-barkok/414413/|title=A. BARKOK|website=Soccerway}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Eintracht Frankfurt |2016-17 | rowspan="4" |Bundesliga |18 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |2 |- |2017-18 |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- |2020-21 |26 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |28 |2 |- |2021-22 |5 |0 |1 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 |7 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !58 !4 !5 !0 !1 !0 !64 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |12 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |2019-20 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !15 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !18 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf II (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Regionalliga |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- |2019-20 |6 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |6 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9 !5 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !9 !5 |- | rowspan="3" |Mainz 05 |2022-23 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |23 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |26 |1 |- |2023-24 |13 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !36 !1 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !40 !2 |- |Mainz 05 II |2022-23 |Regionalliga |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |Hertha BSC |2023-24 |2. Bundesliga |8 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career Total !127 !10 !13 !1 !1 !0 !141 !11 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] 3ey4g3n9vryte65wnodr7gvrnlsj95n 823993 823992 2026-04-22T08:20:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 823993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aymen Barkok''' ( {{Lang-ar|أيمن برقوق}}; An haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ko winger na dama na 2. Kulob ɗin Bundesliga Hertha BSC kan aro daga Mainz 05 . An haife shi a Jamus, yana buga wa tawagar ƙasar Morocco tamaula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن بركوك – Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kooora.com/default.aspx?player=126976 |access-date=7 February 2018 |website=kooora.com |language=Arabic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spielersteckbrief Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/2bundesliga/vereine/2-bundesliga/2016-17/fortuna-duesseldorf-13/83928/spieler_barkok-aymane.html |website=kicker |language=German}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == A kan 20 Oktoba 2016, Barkok, wanda a baya yana wasa tare da ’yan ƙasa da 19, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrunsa na farko tare da Frankfurt, mai dorewa har zuwa 2020. Barkok ya fara taka leda a Eintracht Frankfurt a Bundesliga a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2016 a wasan waje da Werder Bremen, yana zuwa ne ga Mijat Gaćinović a cikin minti na 75th. Barkok ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a ragar Frankfurt a minti na ƙarshe na wasan, inda aka tashi wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 19 ga Mayu 2018, Barkok ya shiga sabon shiga Bundesliga Fortuna Düsseldorf a matsayin aro don kakar 2018-19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2018 |title=Aymen Barkok joins Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan |url=https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604054839/https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=26 July 2018 |publisher=Eintracht Frankfurt}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2022, Mainz 05 ta sanar da cewa Barkok ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da kulob ɗin, wanda ya fara daga 1 Yuli 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=BARKOK TO JOIN MAINZ 05 THIS SUMMER |url=https://www1.mainz05.de/en/news/barkok-to-join-mainz-05-this-summer/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |publisher=Mainz 05}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2024, Barkok ya koma kan aro zuwa Hertha BSC har zuwa karshen kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Hertha BSC sign Aymen Barkok on loan |url=https://www.herthabsc.com/en/news/2024/01/transfer-aymen-barkok-2324 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Hertha BSC}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Barkok a Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aymen Barkok entre le Maroc et la Mannschaft |url=http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509194033/http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Le360 Sport |language=French}}</ref> Shi tsohon matashi ne na duniya na Jamus. Ya sauya sheka ya wakilci ƙasar sa ta haihuwa, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|tawagar kasyar Morocco]] . Ya fafata da su a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Senegal da ci 3-1 a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco vs. Senegal - 9 October 2020 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/09/world/friendlies/morocco/senegal/3369317/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Girmamawa == '''Eintracht Frankfurt''' * DFB-Pokal : 2017–18 * UEFA Europa League : 2021-22 '''Mutum''' * Fritz Walter Medal U19 Azurfa: 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Fritz-Walter-Medaillen in Gold für Özcan, Arp und Feldkamp |url=https://www.dfb.de/news/detail/fritz-walter-medaillen-in-gold-fuer-oezcan-arp-und-feldkamp-171235/ |access-date=28 July 2017 |publisher=[[German Football Association]] |language=de}}</ref> == Kididdigar Ma'aikata == === Kulob === {{Updated|26 March 2024}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/aymen-barkok/414413/|title=A. BARKOK|website=Soccerway}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Eintracht Frankfurt |2016-17 | rowspan="4" |Bundesliga |18 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |2 |- |2017-18 |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- |2020-21 |26 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |28 |2 |- |2021-22 |5 |0 |1 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 |7 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !58 !4 !5 !0 !1 !0 !64 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |12 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |2019-20 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !15 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !18 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf II (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Regionalliga |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- |2019-20 |6 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |6 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9 !5 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !9 !5 |- | rowspan="3" |Mainz 05 |2022-23 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |23 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |26 |1 |- |2023-24 |13 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !36 !1 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !40 !2 |- |Mainz 05 II |2022-23 |Regionalliga |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |Hertha BSC |2023-24 |2. Bundesliga |8 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career Total !127 !10 !13 !1 !1 !0 !141 !11 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] gs57m7uvtfkatce78z0grkv6b4zpju5 823994 823993 2026-04-22T08:20:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 823994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aymen Barkok''' ( {{Lang-ar|أيمن برقوق}}; An haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ko winger na dama na 2. Kulob ɗin Bundesliga Hertha BSC kan aro daga Mainz 05 . An haife shi a Jamus, yana buga wa tawagar ƙasar Morocco tamaula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن بركوك – Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kooora.com/default.aspx?player=126976 |access-date=7 February 2018 |website=kooora.com |language=Arabic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spielersteckbrief Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/2bundesliga/vereine/2-bundesliga/2016-17/fortuna-duesseldorf-13/83928/spieler_barkok-aymane.html |website=kicker |language=German}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == A kan 20 Oktoba 2016, Barkok, wanda a baya yana wasa tare da ’yan ƙasa da 19, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrunsa na farko tare da Frankfurt, mai dorewa har zuwa 2020. Barkok ya fara taka leda a Eintracht Frankfurt a Bundesliga a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2016 a wasan waje da Werder Bremen, yana zuwa ne ga Mijat Gaćinović a cikin minti na 75th. Barkok ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a ragar Frankfurt a minti na ƙarshe na wasan, inda aka tashi wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 19 ga Mayu 2018, Barkok ya shiga sabon shiga Bundesliga Fortuna Düsseldorf a matsayin aro don kakar 2018-19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2018 |title=Aymen Barkok joins Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan |url=https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604054839/https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=26 July 2018 |publisher=Eintracht Frankfurt}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2022, Mainz 05 ta sanar da cewa Barkok ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da kulob ɗin, wanda ya fara daga 1 Yuli 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=BARKOK TO JOIN MAINZ 05 THIS SUMMER |url=https://www1.mainz05.de/en/news/barkok-to-join-mainz-05-this-summer/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |publisher=Mainz 05}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2024, Barkok ya koma kan aro zuwa Hertha BSC har zuwa karshen kakar wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Hertha BSC sign Aymen Barkok on loan |url=https://www.herthabsc.com/en/news/2024/01/transfer-aymen-barkok-2324 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Hertha BSC}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Barkok a Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aymen Barkok entre le Maroc et la Mannschaft |url=http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509194033/http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Le360 Sport |language=French}}</ref> Shi tsohon matashi ne na duniya na Jamus. Ya sauya sheka ya wakilci ƙasar sa ta haihuwa, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|tawagar kasyar Morocco]] . Ya fafata da su a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Senegal da ci 3-1 a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco vs. Senegal - 9 October 2020 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/09/world/friendlies/morocco/senegal/3369317/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Girmamawa == '''Eintracht Frankfurt''' * DFB-Pokal : 2017–18 * UEFA Europa League : 2021-22 '''Mutum''' * Fritz Walter Medal U19 Azurfa: 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Fritz-Walter-Medaillen in Gold für Özcan, Arp und Feldkamp |url=https://www.dfb.de/news/detail/fritz-walter-medaillen-in-gold-fuer-oezcan-arp-und-feldkamp-171235/ |access-date=28 July 2017 |publisher=[[German Football Association]] |language=de}}</ref> == Kididdigar Ma'aikata == === Kulob === {{Updated|26 March 2024}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/aymen-barkok/414413/|title=A. BARKOK|website=Soccerway}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Eintracht Frankfurt |2016-17 | rowspan="4" |Bundesliga |18 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |2 |- |2017-18 |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- |2020-21 |26 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |28 |2 |- |2021-22 |5 |0 |1 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 |7 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !58 !4 !5 !0 !1 !0 !64 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |12 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |2019-20 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !15 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !18 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf II (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Regionalliga |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- |2019-20 |6 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |6 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9 !5 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !9 !5 |- | rowspan="3" |Mainz 05 |2022-23 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |23 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |26 |1 |- |2023-24 |13 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !36 !1 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !40 !2 |- |Mainz 05 II |2022-23 |Regionalliga |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |Hertha BSC |2023-24 |2. Bundesliga |8 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career Total !127 !10 !13 !1 !1 !0 !141 !11 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] juk4bats4uji510vhc6qrj4ve5fhpdt 823995 823994 2026-04-22T08:20:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 823995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aymen Barkok''' ( {{Lang-ar|أيمن برقوق}}; An haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ko winger na dama na 2. Kulob ɗin Bundesliga Hertha BSC kan aro daga Mainz 05 . An haife shi a Jamus, yana buga wa tawagar ƙasar Morocco tamaula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن بركوك – Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kooora.com/default.aspx?player=126976 |access-date=7 February 2018 |website=kooora.com |language=Arabic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spielersteckbrief Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/2bundesliga/vereine/2-bundesliga/2016-17/fortuna-duesseldorf-13/83928/spieler_barkok-aymane.html |website=kicker |language=German}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == A kan 20 Oktoba 2016, Barkok, wanda a baya yana wasa tare da ’yan ƙasa da 19, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrunsa na farko tare da Frankfurt, mai dorewa har zuwa 2020. Barkok ya fara taka leda a Eintracht Frankfurt a Bundesliga a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2016 a wasan waje da Werder Bremen, yana zuwa ne ga Mijat Gaćinović a cikin minti na 75th. Barkok ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a ragar Frankfurt a minti na ƙarshe na wasan, inda aka tashi wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 19 ga Mayu 2018, Barkok ya shiga sabon shiga Bundesliga Fortuna Düsseldorf a matsayin aro don kakar 2018-19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2018 |title=Aymen Barkok joins Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan |url=https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604054839/https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=26 July 2018 |publisher=Eintracht Frankfurt}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2022, Mainz 05 ta sanar da cewa Barkok ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da kulob ɗin, wanda ya fara daga 1 Yuli 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=BARKOK TO JOIN MAINZ 05 THIS SUMMER |url=https://www1.mainz05.de/en/news/barkok-to-join-mainz-05-this-summer/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |publisher=Mainz 05}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2024, Barkok ya koma kan aro zuwa Hertha BSC har zuwa karshen kakar wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Hertha BSC sign Aymen Barkok on loan |url=https://www.herthabsc.com/en/news/2024/01/transfer-aymen-barkok-2324 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Hertha BSC}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Barkok a Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aymen Barkok entre le Maroc et la Mannschaft |url=http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509194033/http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Le360 Sport |language=French}}</ref> Shi tsohon matashi ne na duniya na Jamus. Ya sauya sheka ya wakilci ƙasar sa ta haihuwa, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|tawagar kasyar Morocco]] . Ya fafata da su a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Senegal da ci 3-1 a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco vs. Senegal - 9 October 2020 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/09/world/friendlies/morocco/senegal/3369317/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Girmamawa == '''Eintracht Frankfurt''' * DFB-Pokal : 2017–18 * UEFA Europa League : 2021-22 '''Mutum''' * Fritz Walter Medal U19 Azurfa: 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Fritz-Walter-Medaillen in Gold für Özcan, Arp und Feldkamp |url=https://www.dfb.de/news/detail/fritz-walter-medaillen-in-gold-fuer-oezcan-arp-und-feldkamp-171235/ |access-date=28 July 2017 |publisher=[[German Football Association]] |language=de}}</ref> == Kididdigar Ma'aikata == === Kulob === {{Updated|26 March 2024}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/aymen-barkok/414413/|title=A. BARKOK|website=Soccerway}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Eintracht Frankfurt |2016-17 | rowspan="4" |Bundesliga |18 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |2 |- |2017-18 |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- |2020-21 |26 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |28 |2 |- |2021-22 |5 |0 |1 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 |7 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !58 !4 !5 !0 !1 !0 !64 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |12 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |2019-20 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !15 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !18 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf II (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Regionalliga |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- |2019-20 |6 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |6 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9 !5 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !9 !5 |- | rowspan="3" |Mainz 05 |2022-23 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |23 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |26 |1 |- |2023-24 |13 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !36 !1 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !40 !2 |- |Mainz 05 II |2022-23 |Regionalliga |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |Hertha BSC |2023-24 |2. Bundesliga |8 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career Total !127 !10 !13 !1 !1 !0 !141 !11 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] df8k2i4o8hgo1ek1raxflbbmzmgsu4c 823996 823995 2026-04-22T08:21:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 823996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aymen Barkok''' ( {{Lang-ar|أيمن برقوق}}; An haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ko winger na dama na 2. Kulob ɗin Bundesliga Hertha BSC kan aro daga Mainz 05 . An haife shi a Jamus, yana buga wa tawagar ƙasar Morocco tamaula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن بركوك – Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kooora.com/default.aspx?player=126976 |access-date=7 February 2018 |website=kooora.com |language=Arabic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spielersteckbrief Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/2bundesliga/vereine/2-bundesliga/2016-17/fortuna-duesseldorf-13/83928/spieler_barkok-aymane.html |website=kicker |language=German}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == A kan 20 Oktoba 2016, Barkok, wanda a baya yana wasa tare da ’yan ƙasa da 19, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrunsa na farko tare da Frankfurt, mai dorewa har zuwa 2020. Barkok ya fara taka leda a Eintracht Frankfurt a Bundesliga a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2016 a wasan waje da Werder Bremen, yana zuwa ne ga Mijat Gaćinović a cikin minti na 75th. Barkok ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a ragar Frankfurt a minti na ƙarshe na wasan, inda aka tashi wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 19 ga Mayu 2018, Barkok ya shiga sabon shiga Bundesliga Fortuna Düsseldorf a matsayin aro don kakar 2018-19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2018 |title=Aymen Barkok joins Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan |url=https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604054839/https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=26 July 2018 |publisher=Eintracht Frankfurt}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2022, Mainz 05 ta sanar da cewa Barkok ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da kulob ɗin, wanda ya fara daga 1 Yuli 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=BARKOK TO JOIN MAINZ 05 THIS SUMMER |url=https://www1.mainz05.de/en/news/barkok-to-join-mainz-05-this-summer/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |publisher=Mainz 05}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2024, Barkok ya koma kan aro zuwa Hertha BSC har zuwa karshen kakar wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Hertha BSC sign Aymen Barkok on loan |url=https://www.herthabsc.com/en/news/2024/01/transfer-aymen-barkok-2324 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Hertha BSC}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Barkok a Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aymen Barkok entre le Maroc et la Mannschaft |url=http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509194033/http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Le360 Sport |language=French}}</ref> Shi tsohon matashi ne na duniya na Jamus. Ya sauya sheka ya wakilci ƙasar sa ta haihuwa, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|tawagar kasyar Morocco]] . Ya fafata da su a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Senegal da ci 3-1 a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco vs. Senegal - 9 October 2020 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/09/world/friendlies/morocco/senegal/3369317/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Girmamawa == '''Eintracht Frankfurt''' * DFB-Pokal: 2017–18 * UEFA Europa League: 2021-22 '''Mutum''' * Fritz Walter Medal U19 Azurfa: 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Fritz-Walter-Medaillen in Gold für Özcan, Arp und Feldkamp |url=https://www.dfb.de/news/detail/fritz-walter-medaillen-in-gold-fuer-oezcan-arp-und-feldkamp-171235/ |access-date=28 July 2017 |publisher=[[German Football Association]] |language=de}}</ref> == Kididdigar Ma'aikata == === Kulob === {{Updated|26 March 2024}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/aymen-barkok/414413/|title=A. BARKOK|website=Soccerway}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Eintracht Frankfurt |2016-17 | rowspan="4" |Bundesliga |18 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |2 |- |2017-18 |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- |2020-21 |26 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |28 |2 |- |2021-22 |5 |0 |1 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 |7 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !58 !4 !5 !0 !1 !0 !64 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |12 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |2019-20 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !15 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !18 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf II (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Regionalliga |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- |2019-20 |6 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |6 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9 !5 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !9 !5 |- | rowspan="3" |Mainz 05 |2022-23 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |23 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |26 |1 |- |2023-24 |13 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !36 !1 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !40 !2 |- |Mainz 05 II |2022-23 |Regionalliga |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |Hertha BSC |2023-24 |2. Bundesliga |8 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career Total !127 !10 !13 !1 !1 !0 !141 !11 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] n8v81enjguljcvjw36fcyo4pai7z7ed 823997 823996 2026-04-22T08:21:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 823997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aymen Barkok''' ( {{Lang-ar|أيمن برقوق}}; An haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ko winger na dama na 2. Kulob ɗin Bundesliga Hertha BSC kan aro daga Mainz 05 . An haife shi a Jamus, yana buga wa tawagar ƙasar Morocco tamaula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن بركوك – Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kooora.com/default.aspx?player=126976 |access-date=7 February 2018 |website=kooora.com |language=Arabic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spielersteckbrief Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/2bundesliga/vereine/2-bundesliga/2016-17/fortuna-duesseldorf-13/83928/spieler_barkok-aymane.html |website=kicker |language=German}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == A kan 20 Oktoba 2016, Barkok, wanda a baya yana wasa tare da ’yan ƙasa da 19, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrunsa na farko tare da Frankfurt, mai dorewa har zuwa 2020. Barkok ya fara taka leda a Eintracht Frankfurt a Bundesliga a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2016 a wasan waje da Werder Bremen, yana zuwa ne ga Mijat Gaćinović a cikin minti na 75th. Barkok ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a ragar Frankfurt a minti na ƙarshe na wasan, inda aka tashi wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 19 ga Mayu 2018, Barkok ya shiga sabon shiga Bundesliga Fortuna Düsseldorf a matsayin aro don kakar 2018-19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2018 |title=Aymen Barkok joins Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan |url=https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604054839/https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=26 July 2018 |publisher=Eintracht Frankfurt}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2022, Mainz 05 ta sanar da cewa Barkok ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da kulob ɗin, wanda ya fara daga 1 Yuli 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=BARKOK TO JOIN MAINZ 05 THIS SUMMER |url=https://www1.mainz05.de/en/news/barkok-to-join-mainz-05-this-summer/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |publisher=Mainz 05}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2024, Barkok ya koma kan aro zuwa Hertha BSC har zuwa karshen kakar wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Hertha BSC sign Aymen Barkok on loan |url=https://www.herthabsc.com/en/news/2024/01/transfer-aymen-barkok-2324 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Hertha BSC}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Barkok a Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aymen Barkok entre le Maroc et la Mannschaft |url=http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509194033/http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Le360 Sport |language=French}}</ref> Shi tsohon matashi ne na duniya na Jamus. Ya sauya sheka ya wakilci ƙasar sa ta haihuwa, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|tawagar kasyar Morocco]] . Ya fafata da su a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Senegal da ci 3-1 a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco vs. Senegal - 9 October 2020 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/09/world/friendlies/morocco/senegal/3369317/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Girmamawa == '''Eintracht Frankfurt''' * DFB-Pokal: 2017–18 * UEFA Europa League: 2021-22 '''Mutum''' * Fritz Walter Medal U19 Azurfa: 2017<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Fritz-Walter-Medaillen in Gold für Özcan, Arp und Feldkamp |url=https://www.dfb.de/news/detail/fritz-walter-medaillen-in-gold-fuer-oezcan-arp-und-feldkamp-171235/ |access-date=28 July 2017 |publisher=[[German Football Association]] |language=de}}</ref> == Kididdigar Ma'aikata == === Kulob === {{Updated|26 March 2024}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/aymen-barkok/414413/|title=A. BARKOK|website=Soccerway}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Eintracht Frankfurt |2016-17 | rowspan="4" |Bundesliga |18 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |2 |- |2017-18 |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- |2020-21 |26 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |28 |2 |- |2021-22 |5 |0 |1 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 |7 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !58 !4 !5 !0 !1 !0 !64 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |12 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |2019-20 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !15 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !18 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf II (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Regionalliga |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- |2019-20 |6 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |6 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9 !5 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !9 !5 |- | rowspan="3" |Mainz 05 |2022-23 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |23 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |26 |1 |- |2023-24 |13 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !36 !1 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !40 !2 |- |Mainz 05 II |2022-23 |Regionalliga |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |Hertha BSC |2023-24 |2. Bundesliga |8 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career Total !127 !10 !13 !1 !1 !0 !141 !11 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] 6sop00ofeds4bxvh3vn1tl29bqy9m4f 823998 823997 2026-04-22T08:21:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 823998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aymen Barkok''' ( {{Lang-ar|أيمن برقوق}}; An haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ko winger na dama na 2. Kulob ɗin Bundesliga Hertha BSC kan aro daga Mainz 05 . An haife shi a Jamus, yana buga wa tawagar ƙasar Morocco tamaula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن بركوك – Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kooora.com/default.aspx?player=126976 |access-date=7 February 2018 |website=kooora.com |language=Arabic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spielersteckbrief Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/2bundesliga/vereine/2-bundesliga/2016-17/fortuna-duesseldorf-13/83928/spieler_barkok-aymane.html |website=kicker |language=German}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == A kan 20 Oktoba 2016, Barkok, wanda a baya yana wasa tare da ’yan ƙasa da 19, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrunsa na farko tare da Frankfurt, mai dorewa har zuwa 2020. Barkok ya fara taka leda a Eintracht Frankfurt a Bundesliga a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2016 a wasan waje da Werder Bremen, yana zuwa ne ga Mijat Gaćinović a cikin minti na 75th. Barkok ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a ragar Frankfurt a minti na ƙarshe na wasan, inda aka tashi wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 19 ga Mayu 2018, Barkok ya shiga sabon shiga Bundesliga Fortuna Düsseldorf a matsayin aro don kakar 2018-19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2018 |title=Aymen Barkok joins Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan |url=https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604054839/https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=26 July 2018 |publisher=Eintracht Frankfurt}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2022, Mainz 05 ta sanar da cewa Barkok ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da kulob ɗin, wanda ya fara daga 1 Yuli 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=BARKOK TO JOIN MAINZ 05 THIS SUMMER |url=https://www1.mainz05.de/en/news/barkok-to-join-mainz-05-this-summer/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |publisher=Mainz 05}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2024, Barkok ya koma kan aro zuwa Hertha BSC har zuwa karshen kakar wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Hertha BSC sign Aymen Barkok on loan |url=https://www.herthabsc.com/en/news/2024/01/transfer-aymen-barkok-2324 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Hertha BSC}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Barkok a Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aymen Barkok entre le Maroc et la Mannschaft |url=http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509194033/http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Le360 Sport |language=French}}</ref> Shi tsohon matashi ne na duniya na Jamus. Ya sauya sheka ya wakilci ƙasar sa ta haihuwa, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|tawagar kasyar Morocco]] . Ya fafata da su a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Senegal da ci 3-1 a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco vs. Senegal - 9 October 2020 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/09/world/friendlies/morocco/senegal/3369317/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Girmamawa == '''Eintracht Frankfurt''' * DFB-Pokal: 2017–18 * UEFA Europa League: 2021-22 '''Mutum''' * Fritz Walter Medal U19 Azurfa: 2017<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Fritz-Walter-Medaillen in Gold für Özcan, Arp und Feldkamp |url=https://www.dfb.de/news/detail/fritz-walter-medaillen-in-gold-fuer-oezcan-arp-und-feldkamp-171235/ |access-date=28 July 2017 |publisher=[[German Football Association]] |language=de}}</ref> == Kididdigar Ma'aikata == === Kulob === {{Updated|26 March 2024}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/aymen-barkok/414413/|title=A. BARKOK|website=Soccerway}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Eintracht Frankfurt |2016-17 | rowspan="4" |Bundesliga |18 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |2 |- |2017-18 |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- |2020-21 |26 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |28 |2 |- |2021-22 |5 |0 |1 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 |7 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !58 !4 !5 !0 !1 !0 !64 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |12 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |2019-20 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !15 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !18 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf II (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Regionalliga |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- |2019-20 |6 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |6 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9 !5 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !9 !5 |- | rowspan="3" |Mainz 05 |2022-23 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |23 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |26 |1 |- |2023-24 |13 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !36 !1 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !40 !2 |- |Mainz 05 II |2022-23 |Regionalliga |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |Hertha BSC |2023-24 |2. Bundesliga |8 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career Total !127 !10 !13 !1 !1 !0 !141 !11 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] 1azsewgyq0v5r8t9nt9biumk9ijfmas 823999 823998 2026-04-22T08:25:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 823999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aymen Barkok''' ( {{Lang-ar|أيمن برقوق}}; An haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1998) ya kasance ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ko winger na dama na 2. Kulob ɗin Bundesliga Hertha BSC kan aro daga Mainz 05 . An haife shi a Jamus, yana buga wa tawagar ƙasar Morocco tamaula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن بركوك – Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kooora.com/default.aspx?player=126976 |access-date=7 February 2018 |website=kooora.com |language=Arabic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spielersteckbrief Aymen Barkok |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/2bundesliga/vereine/2-bundesliga/2016-17/fortuna-duesseldorf-13/83928/spieler_barkok-aymane.html |website=kicker |language=German}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == A kan 20 Oktoba 2016, Barkok, wanda a baya yana wasa tare da ’yan ƙasa da 19, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrunsa na farko tare da Frankfurt, mai dorewa har zuwa 2020. Barkok ya fara taka leda a Eintracht Frankfurt a Bundesliga a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2016 a wasan waje da Werder Bremen, yana zuwa ne ga Mijat Gaćinović a cikin minti na 75th. Barkok ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a ragar Frankfurt a minti na ƙarshe na wasan, inda aka tashi wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 19 ga Mayu 2018, Barkok ya shiga sabon shiga Bundesliga Fortuna Düsseldorf a matsayin aro don kakar 2018-19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2018 |title=Aymen Barkok joins Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan |url=https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604054839/https://www.eintracht.de/en/news/article/aymen-barkok-joins-fortuna-duesseldorf-on-loan-65640/ |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=26 July 2018 |publisher=Eintracht Frankfurt}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2022, Mainz 05 ta sanar da cewa Barkok ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da kulob ɗin, wanda ya fara daga 1 Yuli 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=BARKOK TO JOIN MAINZ 05 THIS SUMMER |url=https://www1.mainz05.de/en/news/barkok-to-join-mainz-05-this-summer/ |access-date=22 July 2022 |publisher=Mainz 05}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2024, Barkok ya koma kan aro zuwa Hertha BSC har zuwa karshen kakar wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Hertha BSC sign Aymen Barkok on loan |url=https://www.herthabsc.com/en/news/2024/01/transfer-aymen-barkok-2324 |access-date=19 January 2024 |publisher=Hertha BSC}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Barkok a Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aymen Barkok entre le Maroc et la Mannschaft |url=http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509194033/http://sport.le360.ma/marocains-du-monde/aymen-barkok-entre-le-maroc-et-la-mannschaft-21550 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Le360 Sport |language=French}}</ref> Shi tsohon matashi ne na duniya na Jamus. Ya sauya sheka ya wakilci ƙasar sa ta haihuwa, [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|tawagar kasyar Morocco]] . Ya fafata da su a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Senegal da ci 3-1 a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco vs. Senegal - 9 October 2020 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/09/world/friendlies/morocco/senegal/3369317/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Girmamawa == '''Eintracht Frankfurt''' * DFB-Pokal: 2017–18 * UEFA Europa League: 2021-22 '''Mutum''' * Fritz Walter Medal U19 Azurfa: 2017<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Fritz-Walter-Medaillen in Gold für Özcan, Arp und Feldkamp |url=https://www.dfb.de/news/detail/fritz-walter-medaillen-in-gold-fuer-oezcan-arp-und-feldkamp-171235/ |access-date=28 July 2017 |publisher=[[German Football Association]] |language=de}}</ref> == Kididdigar Ma'aikata == === Kulob === {{Updated|26 March 2024}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/aymen-barkok/414413/|title=A. BARKOK|website=Soccerway}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Eintracht Frankfurt |2016-17 | rowspan="4" |Bundesliga |18 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |19 |2 |- |2017-18 |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- |2020-21 |26 |2 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |28 |2 |- |2021-22 |5 |0 |1 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 |7 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !58 !4 !5 !0 !1 !0 !64 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |12 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |2019-20 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !15 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !18 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Fortuna Düsseldorf II (loan) |2018-19 | rowspan="2" |Regionalliga |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- |2019-20 |6 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |6 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9 !5 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !9 !5 |- | rowspan="3" |Mainz 05 |2022-23 | rowspan="2" |Bundesliga |23 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |26 |1 |- |2023-24 |13 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !36 !1 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !40 !2 |- |Mainz 05 II |2022-23 |Regionalliga |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |Hertha BSC |2023-24 |2. Bundesliga |8 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career Total !127 !10 !13 !1 !1 !0 !141 !11 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] 4x59t599svdok8onrhhfm3catjnmxhg 0 78130 823799 540152 2026-04-21T17:11:40Z Ibn Gangaram 44101 /* Manazarta: */ A cikin wasiƙar da aka yi da ajami, na gyara kalmomi da yawa. 823799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rubutun ajami''', wani nau'in salon rubutu ne da Bahaushe ya samar daga harrufan Larabci. Wannan salon rubutu yana ɗaya daga cikin daɗaɗɗun hanyoyin rubutu da aka yi amfani da ita a Ƙasar Hausa. Zarruƙ, Kafin Hausa, da Al-Hassan (1987), sun ce an haura sama da shekaru ɗari da hamsin ana amfani da wannan hanya ta rubutun ajami a Ƙasar Hausa kafin zuwan rubutun boko. Mashahuran malaman Musulunci na ƙarni na goma sha tara kamar irin su Mujadaddi Shehu Ɗanfodiyo da almajiransa, sun yi amfani da wannan salon rubutu wajen rubuta littattafai da waƙoƙi. Farfesa Bunza (2002), ya fassara shi da cewa, “ajami na nufin rubutun harshen Hausa cikin harufan Larabci”. Dangane da yaushe ne kuma a ina aka fara yin rubutun ajami kuwa, masana fannin Hausa sun yi rubuce-rubuce masu yawa kowa da nasa ra’ayin. Farfesa Bunza (2002), yana ganin cewa rubutun ajami ya wanzu a Ƙasar Hausa tun kafin zuwan Musulunci, ta in da ya kafa hujjoji da zuwan Bayajidda, da kuma dangantakar cinikayya da ta sarauta da ta wanzu tsakanin Ƙasar Hausa da kuma Ƙasashen Larabawa. Shi kuwa Ɗanmasanin Kano, Alhaji (Dr.) Yusuf Maitama Sule, ya bayyana cewa malam Ɗanmasani na Katsina shi ne ya ƙirƙiro rubutun ajami na Hausa. A wannan ra'ayi nasa yau kenan ana lissafa shekarun ajami kusan shekaru ɗari bakwai kenan. Sai dai, wani abu da ya fito fili shi ne cewa yaɗuwar addinin Musulunci a Ƙasar Hausa ta taimaka gaya wajen shaharar wannan salo na rubutu. Sannan kuma ya bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen ci gaban rubutu a cikin harshen Hausa. === Wata 'Yar Wasiƙa Cikin Rubutun Ajami === أَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَبَرَكَاتُهُ مَلَمْ مُوْدِيْ يَ اِيَالِيْ؟ اِنَاْفَاتَنْ كُوْمَيْ دَ كُوْمَيْ نَآتَفِيَ دَيْدَيْ؟ بَيَنْ هَكَ، نَآرُبُوتُوْ مَكَ وَنْنَنْ وَسِقَرْ دُنْ نَتَمْبَيِ لَافِيَرْكَ دَ تَ اِيَالِنْكَ. سَنْنَنْ كُمَ نَتُنَتَرْ دَكَيْ مَغَنَرْ تَفِيَرْ مُ دَكَيْ ذُوَاْ عَيْكِنْ حَجِ دَغَ وَنْنَنْ وَتَنْ سَورَ وَتَاْ عُكُ. اِنَاْ فَتَ ذَآكَ ذَمَ ثِكِنْ شِرِ، دَ مُنْ ذُوْ وُرِنْكَ وُثِيوَاْ ذَآ مُيِ ْكَوَيْ بَ دَاكُو. ْنَكَ أَلْحَجِ أَدُو. === Manazarta: === ----Bunza A.M. (2002). Rubutun Hausa, Yadda Yake da Yadda ake Yin sa don Masu Koyo da Koyarwa. Ibrash Islamic Publication Centre L.T.D., Suru-Lere, Lagos-Najeriya. Zarruƙ R.M., Kafin Hausa A.A. da Alhassan B.S.Y. (1987). Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa Don Ƙananan Makarantun Sakandire, Littafi na Biyu. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria. Tattaunawa da Mai Girma Ɗanmasanin Kano, Alhaji (Dr.) Yusuf Maitama Sule, a ranar 14 ga watan Disamba na shekarar 2016. 5x6x4r1ccphk72a307gbfjbrm70rfqd 0 78890 823898 721691 2026-04-22T01:02:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Prince Bright''', wanda kuma aka sani da '''Bling Sparkles''', mawaƙin hiplife ne [[Ghana|na Ghana]]. Shi kaɗai ne memba na ƙungiyar kiɗan Buk Bak bayan rasuwar abokin aikinsa Ronny Coaches. <ref name="RDead">{{Cite web |title=Sad News: Roonie Coaches of Buk Bak Fame Is Dead! |url=http://showbiz.peacefmonline.com/pages/news/201311/180982.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124001004/http://showbiz.peacefmonline.com/pages/news/201311/180982.php |archive-date=November 24, 2013 |access-date=November 21, 2013}}</ref> == Ilimi == Yarima ya fara karatun firamare a Kwalejin Kings da ke Kokomlemle, ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta City kafin ya koma [[Accra Technical Training Centre]] da ke birnin [[Accra]] domin karanta Graphics and Design, inda ya haɗu da Ronny. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-21 |title=Ronnie was my better half - Bright of Buk Bak recounts |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/ronnie-was-my-better-half-bright-of-buk-bak-recounts.html |access-date=2019-05-05 |website=www.graphic.com.gh}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A watan Mayun shekarar 2016, Yarima ya auri budurwarsa da su ka jima tare, a wani bikin gargajiya na Ghana mai zaman kansa a Bronx NY.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ghanastar.com/news/bukbaks-bright-gets-married-in-a-private-event-in-bronx-new-york/|title=Bukbak's Bright Gets Married in a Private Event in Bronx, New York|date=28 May 2016|work=GhanaStar|access-date=28 May 2016}}</ref> An yi ta yaɗa jita-jita a shekarar 2017 cewa shi da tsohon memba na VIP Promzy na iya haɗa kai don kafa sabuwar ƙungiya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/November-26th/bright-of-buk-bak-and-promzy-of-vip-to-form-new-group.php|title=Bright of Buk Bak and Promzy of VIP to form new group?|date=26 November 2016|work=Myjoyonline|access-date=21 December 2017|archive-date=20 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095405/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2015/November-26th/bright-of-buk-bak-and-promzy-of-vip-to-form-new-group.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] sfslrnliraylowhejjk385hp5m0fwpi 0 79471 823863 624938 2026-04-21T21:54:08Z Icodense 6022 Donestk → Donetsk 823863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot in 2024.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arne Slot.jpg|thumb]] '''Arend Martijn''' "'''Arne'''" '''Slot''' (An haifeshi ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, 1978) Kwararren mai bada horo ne na ƙasar Dutch. Sannan kuma tsohon dan wasa wanda yanzu haka yake horas da Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool. Slot ya buga kwallo a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya a kungiyar F. C Zwolle inda yaci gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2002 da NAC Breda da kuma Spata Rottedam. Kafin ya ajiye kwallon kafa ya dawo kungiyar PEC Zwolle inda ya ƙara cin wani kofin na gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012.<ref>"Speler informatie Arne Slot" [Player information Arne Slot] (in Dutch). Eredivisie. Archived from the original on 13 November 2008.</ref> Ya fara yin rayuwa a matsayin mai bada horo a cikin akadami ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PEC Zwolle a matsayin mataimaki, daga baya kuma ya zama kocin ƙungiyar akademi din a shekarar alif 2017. Daga baya kuma ya zama mataimakin mai bada horo a ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ kuma ya zama kocin ƙungiyar a shekara ta alif 2019. Slot ya zama kocin ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord a shekarar alif 2021. Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar har zuwa wasan ƙarshe na gasar UEFA Europa Conference. Ya cima ƙungiyar gasar Eridivisie da kofin KNVB duk a shekarar.<ref>Multiple sources:</ref> == Rayuwa ta dan wasa == Slot ya fara buga wasa a ƙaramar ƙungiya ta VV Bergentheim daga garin Bergentheim wurin da aka haifeshi. Sannan ya matsa zuwa ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Zwolle kuma ya shiga cikin 11 din farko a shekarar alif 1995 lokacin yana dan shekara 17.<ref>"Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'". nos.nl (in Dutch). 25 May 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2024</ref> Slot ya fara rayuwar kwallon shi da matsaloli da yawa inda ya fuskanci matsala ta jin rauni da kuma karancin buga wasa a karkashin jagorancin Jan Everse, amma a hankali ya zama dan tsakiya mai cin ƙwallo a zwolle. A shekarar alif 2002 Zwolle ta ci kofin Eerste Divisie suka dawo gasar Divisie bayan shekaru 13. Slo<ref>"Arne Slot: the overachiever and 'good guy' who can spark a revolution". ''Guardian''. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</ref>t ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta NAC Breda a wannan shekarar.<ref>Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'". nos.nl (in Dutch). 25 May 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2024</ref><ref>Miller, Nick (14 May 2023). "Arne Slot – a champion with Feyenoord and a manager coveted by the Premier League". The Athletic. Retrieved 18 September 2023.</ref> A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Henk Ten Cate, NAC Breda sun kare a mataki na 4 a shekarar farko ta slot hakan babbar nasara ce ga kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1956. Slot ya buga wasan shi guda daya a gasar turai ta UEFA cup shekarar alif 2003. A gasar sunyi rashin nasara daci 5-0 da kuma 1-0 a wasa biyu da suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Newcastle United. Ya jona kungiyar sparta Rotterdam a bazara, shekarar alif 2007 kafin ya dawo kungiyar Zwolle a Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2009 a zaman aro da yaje. Kuma ya zama dan wasansu na dindindin a shekarar alif 2010. Kungiyar ta FC Zwolle ta lashe gasar Eeste Divisie a shekarar alif 2012 hakan ya basu dama suka dawo babbar gasar Eridivisie inda Slot ya buga wasan karshe kafin ya aje kwallo. A yanda abokin aikin nashi yace, Edwin De Graab yace "Dan wasan beda sauri".<ref>"Slot: Paspoort" [Slot: Passport]. Voetbal International (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 13 February 2012</ref> Everse ma ya yadda cewa dan wasan yana da nawa amma mun gode da passing da kuma hikimar dan wasan.<ref>Went, Rens (25 May 2022). "Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'" [Slot, from footballer to successful coach: 'Arne was young and a bit stubborn']. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref> == Rayuwar Horaswa == === '''Rayuwar Farko''' === A cewar abokin aikin shi Bram van Polen, S<ref>2023. Went, Rens (25 May 2022). "Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'" [Slot, from footballer to successful coach: 'Arne was young and a bit stubborn']. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref>lot yana yin dabi'a irin ta masu bada horo a kungiyar PEC Zwolle a shekarar karshe a matsayin dan wasa. Bayan a ya ajiye kwallo a shekarar alif 2013 a kungiyar Zwolle, Slot ya shiga cikin masu ruwa da tsaki na cikin kungiyar. Slot ya zama daya daga cikin masu bada horo har ya zama wanda yafi kowane koci mai karancin shekaru na shekarar.<ref>Vlietstra, Bart (26 April 2024). "Arne Slot: the overachiever and 'good guy' who can spark a revolution". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 September 2024.</ref><ref>Went, Rens (25 May 2022). "Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'" [Slot, from footballer to successful coach: 'Arne was young and a bit stubborn']. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref> Kafin ya zama mataimakin koci na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Henk De Jong, Ya bar kungiyar a shekarar alif 2016. Slot ya cigaba da zama mataimakin mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ciambuur a karkashin jagorancin Marcel Keizer da Rob Maas.<ref>"Cambuur ontslaat Rob Maas". AD.nl (in Dutch). 15 October 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2024</ref> Kungiyar ta yi rashin nasarar tsallakawa gasar Eeste Divisie bayan da suka kare a kasan Teburi na gasar Eridevisie a shekarar alif 2016.<ref>Went, Rens (25 May 2022). "Slot, van voetballer tot succescoach: 'Arne was jong en beetje eigenwijs'" [Slot, from footballer to successful coach: 'Arne was young and a bit stubborn']. NOS.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba 2016, Slot ya zama mai bada horo a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Interim tare da Sipke Hulshoff a Leeuwarden bayan an kori Maas. A ranar 5 ga watan Junairu shekarar alif 2017, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur ta sanar cewa Slot da abokin aikinsa Hulshoff zasu ci gaba da zama a matsayin su na masu bada horo a kungiyar saboda "bajintar da sukayi" a shekarar da kuma sanin makamar aiki.<ref>"Cambuur schakelt Utrecht uit na strafschoppen" [Cambuur knocks Utrecht out after penalties]. NOS.nl (in Dutch). 26 January 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref> Slot da abokin aikinsa sun taimaki kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Cambuur domin fitar da kungiyar cikin halin da ta tsinci kanta daga mataki na 14 zuwa mataki na 3 a gasar lig. Sai dai sunyi rashin nasar tsallakawa a gasar Eridivisie sakamakon rashin nasara da sukayi a wasan tsallakewa gasar ta Eridevisie inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta MVV. A gasar KNVB, Kungiyar ta samu nasarar zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe a karo na farko inda kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ajax tayi waje dasu. Saidai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tayi nasarar cin kofin da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga.<ref>"Assistent Slot komend seizoen nieuwe hoofdtrainer AZ" [Assistant Slot upcoming season new head coach AZ]. NU.nl (in Dutch). 10 December 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2024</ref><ref>"Cambuur schakelt Utrecht uit na strafschoppen" [Cambuur knocks Utrecht out after penalties]. NOS.nl (in Dutch). 26 January 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref> === '''AZ''' === A shekarar alif 2017,<ref>Slot assistent Van den Brom bij AZ" [Slot assistant Van den Brom at AZ]. RTL.nl (in Dutch). 28 March 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2024</ref> Slot yabar Cambuur ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta AZ inda yayi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mai bada horo a karkashin John Ban Den Brom. Mai kula da harkokin kasuwancin kungiyar ta AZ Max Huiberts ya kira Slot da "mai basira, mai hikima," AZ sun gama a mataki na 3 a shekarar alif 2018 sai kuma suka kare mataki na 4 a shekarar alif 2019.<ref>Someren, van, Jesse (30 September 2019). "Arne Slot beleeft recordstart bij AZ" [Arne Slot experiences record starts at AZ]. AD.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024</ref> Kungiyar ta samu rashin nasara a wasan karshe a gasar kofin KNVB a shekarar 2018 inda suka fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenood.<ref>Someren, van, Jesse (30 September 2019). "Arne Slot beleeft recordstart bij AZ" [Arne Slot experiences record starts at AZ]. AD.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref> Ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 2018, an wallafa cewa "Arne slot shine babban kocin Kungiyar a shekarar alif 2019-20.<ref>Gehavend AZ stunt met 1–0 zege bij Napoli" [Damaged AZ stunts with 1–0 win at Napoli]. NOS.nl (in Dutch). 22 October 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref> Slot ya zama mai bada horo na farko da ya samu nasarar lashe maki har guda 19 a cikin wasanni guda 8 da ya buga tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ. A shekarar shi ta farko da kungiyar ya samu nasarar tsallakawa zuwa gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai. Shekarar da ta dawo kuma, an soke gasar ta Eridevisie saboda cutar Covid19. A shekarar, kungiyar AZ ta gama ne a mataki na biyu a bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax inda kwallaye ne suka raba kunyoyin 2 duk da cewar ba'a bada kofin ba a shekarar. A shekara ta gaba, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dynamo Kyiv ce tayi waje da kungiyar a gasar cin kofin zakarun nahiyar Turai inda ta kare a mataki na 3 a cikin rukunin gasar. Kungiyar ta tsallaka zuwa gasar ƙasa da ta zakarun Turai wato gasar kajin Turai. Anan ne ta samu damar doke kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Napoli daci 1-0 inda nasarar ta zama tarihi a kungiyar ta AZ Standards.<ref>AZ verliest beste trainer in geschiedenis qua puntengemiddelde" [AZ loses best coach in history in terms of point average]. AD.nl (in Dutch). 5 December 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2024</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Disamba 2020 an kori Slot daga Kungiyar akan rashin meda hankali a kungiyar inda suka fara tattaunawa da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord.<ref>AZ zet trainer Slot direct op straat" [AZ sacks coach Slot immediately]. NOS.nl (in Dutch). 5 December 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2024</ref> A lokacin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AZ tana mataki na 7 a Teburi. A lokacin sa, Slot yana samun maki 2.11 duk wasa kuma hakan ya zama tarihin da bubu kocin da yayi abunda yayi.<ref>AZ verliest beste trainer in geschiedenis qua puntengemiddelde" [AZ loses best coach in history in terms of point average]. AD.nl (in Dutch). 5 December 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2024</ref> ====== '''Feyenoord''' ====== ====== '''Shekarar 2021-22''' ====== A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif 2020 kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord tayi sanarwa cewa sun kammala yarjejeniya da Slot a matsayin mai horaswa na kungiyar inda ya fara aiki a shekarar alif 2021-22. da yarjejeniyar kwantiragi na shekara 2 sai dai akwai damar kara kwantiragin yakai shekara 3.<ref>"Arne Slot volgend seizoen nieuwe hoofdtrainer" [Arne Slot next season new head coach]. Feyenoord.nl (in Dutch). 15 December 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref> Slot yayi nasarar fahimtar salon wasa na Dick Advocaat wanda yabar kungiyar a mataki na 5 sannan cikin rukuni na buga gasar UEFA Europa League. Slot ya dauko hanyar gyara wajen gina kungiyar da samarin yan Kwallo. Slot ya samu goyon baya inda aka yarje mashi ya gina sabuwar kungiya da kuma salon wasansa.<ref>Feyenoord verlengt contract hoofdtrainer Arne Slot" [Feyenoord extends contract head coach Arne Slot]. Feyenoord.nl (in Dutch). 25 February 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref> Marino Pusic mataimakin mai horaswa na farko da Robin Vanpersie (mai bada horo a fili) duk an sanyosu cikin mataimakan shi, saidai John De Wolf ya matsa a matsayin mai bada horo na 2.<ref>Arne Slot volgend seizoen nieuwe hoofdtrainer" [Arne Slot next season new head coach]. Feyenoord.nl (in Dutch). 15 December 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref> A shekarar Slot ta biyu kungiyar ta Feyenoord taje rukunin kungiyoyi 16 na gasar cin kofin Turai a karon farko tun bayan shekaru 20 inda suka gama a saman Alavia Parague, Union berlin da kuma Meccabi Haifa a cikin rukunin gasar UEFA Europa Conference League.<ref>Feyenoord na 20 jaar terug in Europese finale • Roma tegenstander op 25 mei in Tirana" [Feyenoord back in a European final after 20 years • Roma opponent on May 25 in Tirana] (in Dutch). 6 May 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2023</ref><ref>"Rinus Michels Award for Arne Slot". Feyenoord. 26 June 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022</ref><ref>Slot onderscheiden met Rinus Michels Award, oeuvreprijs voor Van Marwijk" [Slot awarded with Rinus Michels Award, oeuvre award for Van Marwijk]. nos.nl (in Dutch). 26 June 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022</ref> A watan Fabrairu shekarar alif 2022, kungiyar Feyenoord suka kara ma Slot kwantiragi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2024. Kungiyar tayi nasarar kaiwa matakin karshe a gasar inda tayi awon gaba da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Partizan, Slavia Parague da kuma Marseille.<ref>Trainer Slot verlengt contract bij Feyenoord tot 2025" [Coach Slot extends contract at Feyenoord until 2025]. NOS.nl (in Dutch). 24 July 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref> Kungiyar tayi rashin nasara a wasan karshe da ta fafata da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma daci 1-0 a filin wasa na Tirana. A lig din gida kuma sun kare a mataki na 3 bisa Teburin Eridivisie. Hakan ya bashi damar lashe kyautar gwarzon kocin shekarar baki daya.<ref>"Trainer Slot verlengt contract bij Feyenoord tot 2025" [Coach Slot extends contract at Feyenoord until 2025]. NOS.nl (in Dutch). 24 July 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2024</ref> === '''Shekarar 2022-23''' === Farkon shekarar 2022-23 slot ya kara kwantiragin shi inda ya tsawaita shi har zuwa shekara ta alif 2025. Kungiyar ta Feyenoord ta cinye gasar UEFA Europa League inda ta hadu da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Midtjylland, Lazio da Sturm Graz inda suka fito daga cikin rukunin tun shekarar 2002. Sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Shakhtar Donetsk daci 7-1 a ranar 17 ga watan Maris shekarar alif 2023. Babbar nasarar kungiyar tun shekarar alif 1995.<ref>Slechts één Nederlandse ploeg boekte ooit grotere zege in achtste finales Europa dan Feyenoord" [Just one Dutch team has ever achieved a bigger victory in the round of 16 in Europe than Feyenoord]. AD.nl (in Dutch). 17 March 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2024</ref> Slot yasha gaban masu horaswa guda biyu masu tarihi a kungiyar inda yafi kowannensu samun nasara a wasannin gasar Turai inda yayi wasanni 15 ba tare da yayi rashin nasara ba.<ref>"Feyenoord verslaat Go Ahead en is na zes jaar weer kampioen van Nederland" [Feyenoord beats Go Ahead and is champions of the Netherlands after six years] (in Dutch). 14 May 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023</ref><ref>Gouka, Mikos (25 May 2023). "Arne Slot blijft bij Feyenoord: 'Mijn wens is door te bouwen op de basis die afgelopen seizoenen is gelegd'" [Arne Slot stays at Feyenoord: 'My wish is to continue building on the foundation which has been laid during previous seasons']. AD.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 26 May 2023</ref> Slot ya gama shekarar shi ta biyu a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord da nasarar lashe gasar lig din a shekarar. Gasar farko a kungiyar tun shekarar alif 2016 da kuma 2017 a tarihin kungiyar. Anyi waje da kungiyar a gasar Europa League wasan da suka buga da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma a mataki na kusa da na kusan karshe<ref>Dorsett, Rob; Thomas, Lyall (26 May 2023). "Arne Slot: Feyenoord head coach staying with Dutch club amid links to Tottenham". SkySports.com. Retrieved 26 May 2023.</ref>. A gasar gida ta KNBV, sunyi rashin nasara a hannun kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ajax.<ref>Arne Slot legt uit waarom hij een nieuw contract tekent bij Feyenoord" [Arne Slot explains why he signs a new contract at Feyenoord]. VI.nl (in Dutch). 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023</ref> A watan Mayu shekarar alif 2023 an fara alakanta mai horaswar da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tottenham Hotspur a watan da zai kama. Sai dai kocin ya fito yace yana tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord har ma ya kara kwantiragin shi har na tsawon shekara 1, inda kwantiragin zai kare a tsakiyar shekarar alif 2016. Slot ya samu nasarar lashe kyautar Michael Rinnus a matsayin gwarzon mai horaswa da yafi Kowa a shekarar. Kyautar an bada ta a watan June 2023. Inda ya zama mai horaswa na 4 da ya lashe gasar sau biyu a jere bayan Guus Hiddink, Frank De Boer da kuma Eric Ten Haag.<ref>Dit Feyenoord-record evenaart Slot tijdens het duel met AS Roma" [Slot equals this Feyenoord record during the match against AS Roma]. VI.nl (in Dutch). 21 February 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024</ref> === '''Shekarar 2023-24''' === A shekarar alif 2023-24, anyi waje da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord din daga gasar cin kofin Turai tun a wasannin rukuni. Sun kare na 3 a cikin rukunin. A cikin rukunin akwai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Atletico Madrid, Lazio da kuma Celtic. Sai dai kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma tayi waje da ita a gasar da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron raga. Bayan buga wasan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Roma, Slot yayi dai dai da tarihin Van Marwijk daya buga wasanni 36 na gasar Turai.<ref>Dorsett, Rob; Thomas, Lyall (26 May 2023). "Arne Slot: Feyenoord head coach staying with Dutch club amid links to Tottenham". SkySports.com. Retrieved 26 May 2023.</ref><ref>"Dit Feyenoord-record evenaart Slot tijdens het duel met AS Roma" [Slot equals this Feyenoord record during the match against AS Roma]. VI.nl (in Dutch). 21 February 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref> A ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 Feyenoord sun samu nasara akan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta NEC a mataki na karshe inda suka samu nasarar lashe gasar kofin KNBV karo na 14<ref>"Slot wint voor tweede keer Rinus Michels Award en is klaar voor nieuwe seizoen" [Slot wins Rinus Michels Award for second time en is ready for new season]. ''NOS.nl'' (in Dutch). 26 June 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2024.</ref>. Mutane da yawa sun bayyana mai bada horon a matsayin kocin da ba'a taba yin Irin shi ba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord, saboda salon wasa da kuma samarin yan wasa da kuma tashe da kungiyar tayi.<ref>'Arne Slot: de trainer die 'sleeping giant' Feyenoord wakker maakte'" (in Dutch). Voetbalzone.nl. 28 April 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.</ref> Wasanshi na karshe tare da kungiyar a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu wasan da suka samu nasara daci 4-0 a wasan gida da abokan hamayya Excelsio Rotterdam.<ref>"'Arne Slot: de trainer die 'sleeping giant' Feyenoord wakker maakte'" (in Dutch). Voetbalzone.nl. 28 April 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.</ref> Inda suka kare suna tserayya da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta PSV.<ref>Killen, Stephen (19 May 2024). "Arne Slot sent Liverpool message as final verdict given before Jurgen Klopp switch". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 20 May 2024.</ref><ref>Killen, Stephen (19 May 2024). "Arne Slot sent Liverpool message as final verdict given before Jurgen Klopp switch". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 20 May 2024.</ref> === '''Liverpool''' === A watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 2024 an wallafa cewa kungiyar ta Premier League ta cinma matsaya da kocin na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Feyenoord. Kocin zai maye gurbin Jurgen Klopp a matsayin mai bada horo<ref>"Slot glad to end Liverpool's 15-year Madrid 'pain'". ESPN.com. 27 November 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2024</ref>.<ref>Slot named Barclays Manager of the Month". Premier League. 13 December 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2024.</ref><ref>"Slot named Barclays Manager of the Month". Premier League. 13 December 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2024</ref><ref>UEFA.com. "Fixtures & results | UEFA Champions League 2024/25". UEFA. Retrieved 2 February 2025.</ref> Slot ya gazgata labarin a watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024.<ref>"Arne Slot to become Liverpool FC's new head coach – Liverpool FC". www.liverpoolfc.com. 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.</ref><ref>"Arne Slot confirms he will replace Jurgen Klopp as Liverpool boss". BBC Sport. 17 May 2024. Retrieved 17 May 2024.</ref><ref>Ipswich 0–2 Liverpool: How Arne Slot's Liverpool machine kicked into gear". BBC Sport. 17 August 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024</ref><ref>"Arne Slot to become Liverpool FC's new head coach – Liverpool FC". www.liverpoolfc.com. 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekarar alif 2024,<ref>Doyle, Ian (13 November 2024). "What Liverpool fans 'weren't even bothered' about has delighted Arne Slot". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 13 November 2024.</ref><ref>Winterburn, Sarah (2 December 2024). "REVEALED: Arne Slot is the best new Premier League manager ever!". Football365. Retrieved 2 February 2025</ref><ref>INCREDIBLE stat PROVES Arne Slot is the BEST manager in English football history". Yahoo Sports. 6 November 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2025</ref> kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool tayi sanarwar kammala kulla yarjejeniya da mai horaswar<ref>Vurley, Callum (26 April 2024). "Arne Slot to be named new Liverpool boss after agreeing deal to replace Klopp". talkSPORT. Retrieved 1 May 2024</ref>.<ref>"Slot becomes first Liverpool manager this century to achieve Premier League feat". talkSPORT. 17 August 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2024</ref><ref>"Salah goal and Diaz brace ease Liverpool past Man Utd". www.premierleague.com. Retrieved 1 September 2024</ref><ref>Pearce, James. "Arne Slot 'proud' of record-breaking Liverpool start". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 October 2024</ref> Slot zai zama mai horaswa a ranar 1 ga watan June shekarar alif 2024.<ref>"Slot becomes first Liverpool manager this century to achieve Premier League feat". talkSPORT. 17 August 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2024.</ref><ref>EFL. "Homepage". EFL. Retrieved 7 February 2025.</ref><ref>Soutar, Jason (27 April 2025). "Why Arne Slot sack is inevitable after Liverpool title win". Football365. Retrieved 27 April 2025.</ref> == Rayuwar Gida == Slot da matarshi Mirjam sunada yara guda 2."32" == Kididdigar Horarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+Tarrihin aikin horarwa da kai da kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Kungiya ! rowspan="2" |Nat ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Har zuwa ! colspan="8" |Tarihi ! rowspan="2" |<abbr>Ref.</abbr> |- !Wasa !<abbr>W</abbr> !<abbr>D</abbr> !<abbr>L</abbr> !<abbr>GF</abbr> !<abbr>GA</abbr> !<abbr>GD</abbr> !<abbr>Win %</abbr> |- |Cambuur | |15 October 2016 |30 June 2017 |34 |21 |6 |7 |75 |31 | +44 |61.76 | |- |AZ | |1 July 2019 |5 December 2020 |58 |32 |16 |10 |118 |52 | +66 |55.17 | |- |Feyenoord | |1 July 2021 |31 May 2024 |150 |98 |29 |23 |344 |150 | +194 |65.33 | |- |Liverpool | |1 June 2024 |''present'' |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | +0 |— | |- ! colspan="4" |Duka |242 |} == Girmamawa == Dan wasa Zwolle Eerste Divisie: 2001–02, 2011–12<ref>"All A. Slot's games and results | BeSoccer". www.besoccer.com. Retrieved 5 February 2025</ref> Mai horaswa Feyenoord Eredivisie: 2022–23<ref>Feyenoord verslaat Go Ahead en is na zes jaar weer kampioen van Nederland" [Feyenoord beats Go Ahead and is champions of the Netherlands after six years] (in Dutch). 14 May 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023</ref> KNVB Cup: 2023–<ref>"Als rook is opgetrokken, wint Feyenoord bekerfinale van NEC" [When the smoke is cleared, Feyenoord wins the cup final against NEC]. NOS.nl (in Dutch). 21 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024</ref> UEFA Europa Conference League runner-up: 2021–22<ref>Europa Conference League final: Roma 1–0 Feyenoord - Nicolo Zaniolo hits winner for Italians". BBC Sport. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2025.</ref> Kyautar kai Rinus Michels Award: 2021–22,[17] 2022–23<ref>McNulty, Phil (16 March 2025). "Liverpool 1–2 Newcastle United". BBC Sport. Retrieved 11 April 2025.</ref> == Manazartar == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] g8lr0xxecqizb3wckx9o3l5sfxq702w 0 80129 823736 723943 2026-04-21T16:06:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 823736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo''" ("Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo"),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Perna |first=Laura |title=Fondation Pediatrique de Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/images/pdf/depfr.pdf |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Hubforkimbondo.it |page=1 |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Mama Koko Orphanage <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=December 23, 2019 |title=Fête de Noël : Béatrice Lomeya donne la joie aux orphelins de la Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Christmas party: Béatrice Lomeya brings joy to the orphans of the Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation |url=https://ouragan.cd/2019/12/fete-de-noel-beatrice-lomeya-donne-la-joie-aux-orphelins-de-la-fondation-pediatrique-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Masela |first=Nioni |date=September 10, 2015 |title=Mama Koko, la mère Teresa du Congo, à jamais gravée dans les cœurs |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/disparition-mama-koko-la-mere-teresa-du-congo-jamais-gravee-dans-les-coeurs-38249 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.adiac-congo.com |language=French |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}</ref> ko Pédiatrie de Kimbond <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Visite de réconfort de la ministre du Genre à l'orphelinat "Mama Koko" de Kimbondo |trans-title=Comfort visit by the Minister of Gender to the "Mama Koko" orphanage in Kimbondo |url=https://acp.cd/genre/visite-de-reconfort-de-la-ministre-du-genre-a-lorphelinat-mama-koko-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ACP |language=fr-FR}}</ref> kuma ana nuna shi da acronym '''[[Fika|FPK]]''', <ref name=":0" /> kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da gidaje kyauta, kulawa da lafiya, abinci, da ilimi ga yara marasa lafiya, waɗanda aka watsar, da marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kinshasa |first=U. S. Embassy |date=2016-07-07 |title=Community Service at Mama Koko Orphanage |url=https://cd.usembassy.gov/community-service-mama-koko-orphanage/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=U.S. Embassy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2016 |title=Voyage à la Pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Trip to Kimbondo Pediatrics |url=https://opusdei.org/fr-ch/article/voyage-a-la-pediatrie-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Opusdei.org |language=French}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-28 |title=Kinshasa: la pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers - Democratic Republic of the Congo |trans-title=Kinshasa: Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/kinshasa-la-p-diatrie-de-kimbondo-dot-e-des-mat-riels-hospitaliers |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radio Okapi |language=French}}</ref> Yana da dabarun da ke cikin unguwar Kimbondo na garin Mont Ngafula, kilomita 35 daga Downtown Kinshasa a yankin yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC). <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 10, 2018 |title=La Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo remercie RAWBANK |trans-title=The Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation thanks RAWBANK |url=https://www.mediacongo.net/publireportage-reportage-38211_la_fondation_pediatrique_de_kimbondo_remercie_rawbank.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.mediacongo.net |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dibonga |first=Yolande |title=Fondation Kimbondo, 28 ans au service des enfants orphelins |url=https://www.africanewsrdc.net/societe/fondation-kimbondo-28-ans-service-enfants-orphelins/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=AfricaNews RDC |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=September 30, 2020 |title=L'orphelinat de Kimbondo remercie Béatrice Lomeya |trans-title=Kimbondo orphanage thanks Béatrice Lomeya |url=https://ouragan.cd/2020/09/lorphelinat-de-kimbondo-remercie-beatrice-lomeya/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref>&nbsp; == Bayyanawa == FPK kungiya ce ta kiwon lafiya tare da ɗakunan don fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiya kamar su "magungunan gaba ɗaya, ilimin zuciya, tarin fuka na huhu da kwarangwal, binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, ultrasound, radiology, da ƙarin jini". Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi gidaje da aka keɓe don karɓar yara da aka watsar da marayu. Kimanin mutane 60, galibi iyaye tare da 'ya'yansu, suna neman taimakon likita a waje da FPK. Gidan yana ba da gadaje 200 don kulawa mai tsawo, yana ba da abinci ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da tarin fuka ko Cututtukan zuciya. Ita ce Babban asibiti da ke cikin yankin kiwon lafiya na Mont Ngafula II. Gidan marayu yana da kusan yara 500 da matasa. == Tarihi == An kafa shi a cikin 1989 da Laura Perna, farfesa a jami'ar Italiya mai ritaya, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bola |first=Joana |last2=Pomme |first2=Miriam |last3=Ngonga |first3=Hornella |date=March 11, 2019 |title=La journée internationale des droits des femmes célébrée par l'AFT-CENCO dans la solidarité avec les orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=International Women's Rights Day celebrated by AFT-CENCO in solidarity with the orphans of Kimbondo |url=https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Caritasdev |language=fr-fr |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma mahaifin Chilean, El Padre Hugo Ríos Diaz daga mishan na Claretian, <ref>{{Cite web |title=El Padre Hugo – El milagro para los niños del Congo |url=http://www.kimbondo.cl/el-padre-hugo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Kimbondo.cl |language=Spanish }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bustos |first=Nataly Valeria Sanchez |title=Hugo Ríos El padre de los niños |url=https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=cl.socialab.com |language=es |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |url-status=dead }}</ref> kungiyar ta fara ne da karamin kantin magani kyauta da taimakon abinci ga yara da iyalai masu bukata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahamba |first=Lucie |date=2017-12-04 |title=un ouf de soulagement pour les malades et travailleurs de la pédiatrie de Mama koko |trans-title=a sigh of relief for the patients and workers of Mama Koko's pediatrics |url=https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Geopolismagazine.net |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125833/https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Pediatric Hospital of Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Da yake shawo kan kalubale kuma tare da gudummawa daga abokai da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, Hugo da Perna sun canza kantin magani zuwa asibitin marayu, mai suna "Mama Koko Orphanage" don girmamawa ga Perna.<ref name=":2" /> A shekara ta 2002, gidan marayu ya sami wakilci na doka da kuma amincewa a matsayin Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo (Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo; FPK) a bin ka'idar Kongo.<ref name=":0"/> An ba da izini don horar da likita a cikin 2000, kuma FPK ta sami amincewa don ayyukanta na al'umma da na lantarki a cikin shekara ta 2001. <ref name=":0" /> === Kyauta === Kyauta, kamar kwantena biyu daga Ms. Hettinger a watan Maris na shekara ta 2005 da kuma gudummawar shinkafa mai yawa daga gwamnatin Italiya a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005, sun goyi bayan asibitin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Musangu |first=Fidèle |date=March 21, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mme Hettinger fait un don de deux containers à l'hôpital pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ms. Hettinger donates two containers to the Kimbondo pediatric hospital |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200503211318.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lephareonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tshibuabua |first=Espérance |date=May 28, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Le PAM en appui à la pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: WFP in support of Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200505300028.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008, Taimako ga Yara Masu Rashin Hanci a Afirka (AEDA) daga [[Finland]] sun ba asibitin jakar [[shinkafa]], [[sukari]], da kayan madara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2008 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ongd basée en Finlande - L'AEDA vient à la rescousse des orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: NGO based in Finland - AEDA comes to the rescue of Kimbondo orphans |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200811040349.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> Elikia Na Biso, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Kongo-Sweden, ta ba da kayan aiki ga nakasassu a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Véron |date=November 20, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Du matériel pour enfants handicapés à la pédiatrie Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Equipment for disabled children at Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211200628.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mupompa |first=Donatien Ngandu |date=December 12, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Les dons de l'Ong "Elikia Na Biso " aux enfants handicapés bloqués par la douane |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Donations from the NGO "Elikia Na Biso" to disabled children blocked by customs |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211121523.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, kungiyar ba da agaji ta Sweden Elikya ta ba da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya, wanda ya kunshi gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tiyata, tarin kusan kekunan guragu ɗari, kujeru masu kwanciyar hankali, da ƙarin abubuwa 500 da aka tsara don mutanen da ke da nakasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2014 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201404270181.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radiookapi.net/ |language=French}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, FPK ta kaddamar da shigarwar photovoltaic ta 100-kilowatt wanda Ƙungiyar Terna da sauran masu ba da gudummawa da yawa suka tallafawa, wanda ya kai sama da £ 500,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inana |first=Kevin |date=December 3, 2017 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La Pédiatrie de Kimbondo inaugure une installation photovoltaïque de 100 Kw |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo Pediatrics inaugurates a 100 Kw photovoltaic installation |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201712040467.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A tsawon lokaci, FPK ta fadada yankinta da ayyukanta, tare da manyan yankuna huɗu. Wadannan sun hada da asibitin, wanda ke ba da masauki na dogon lokaci 200 ga yara da ke fama da tarin fuka ko cututtukan zuciya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hospital |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/hospital |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2"/> Har ila yau, yana da gidajen mafaka da ke karɓar kusan yara 500 da aka watsar ko marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shelters |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/shelters |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Cibiyar tana alfahari da Makarantar Saint Claret, wadda aka gina a shekara ta 2009, tana ba da ilimi kyauta daga Kula da rana zuwa matakin makarantar sakandare ga ƙananan baƙi na asibiti da yara marasa galihu a cikin garin Mont Ngafula . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Saint Claret School |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/saint-claret-school |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo kuma tana kula da Yankin noma mai girman hekta 900, wanda aka raba zuwa samar da amfanin gona (hectare 500) da [[Kiwo|gonar dabbobi]] (hectara 400), samar da abinci ga yara a asibiti, makaranta, da mafaka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Agricultural Area |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/agricultural-area |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kogin da ke raba yankin yana tallafawa noman amfanin gona, gami da [[masara]], [[Rogo|manioc]], ''ananas'', [[wake]], [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], da kuma yankin gwaji don samar da Artemisia.<ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, akwai masauki ga Ma'aikatan gona da kuma tsarin don sarrafa manioc zuwa gari.<ref name=":3" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} cfsqyl0s6e9ed9hox4tvobxgd5323u5 823737 823736 2026-04-21T16:06:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 823737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo''" ("Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo"),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Perna |first=Laura |title=Fondation Pediatrique de Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/images/pdf/depfr.pdf |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Hubforkimbondo.it |page=1 |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Mama Koko Orphanage<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=December 23, 2019 |title=Fête de Noël : Béatrice Lomeya donne la joie aux orphelins de la Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Christmas party: Béatrice Lomeya brings joy to the orphans of the Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation |url=https://ouragan.cd/2019/12/fete-de-noel-beatrice-lomeya-donne-la-joie-aux-orphelins-de-la-fondation-pediatrique-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Masela |first=Nioni |date=September 10, 2015 |title=Mama Koko, la mère Teresa du Congo, à jamais gravée dans les cœurs |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/disparition-mama-koko-la-mere-teresa-du-congo-jamais-gravee-dans-les-coeurs-38249 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.adiac-congo.com |language=French |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}</ref> ko Pédiatrie de Kimbond <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Visite de réconfort de la ministre du Genre à l'orphelinat "Mama Koko" de Kimbondo |trans-title=Comfort visit by the Minister of Gender to the "Mama Koko" orphanage in Kimbondo |url=https://acp.cd/genre/visite-de-reconfort-de-la-ministre-du-genre-a-lorphelinat-mama-koko-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ACP |language=fr-FR}}</ref> kuma ana nuna shi da acronym '''[[Fika|FPK]]''', <ref name=":0" /> kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da gidaje kyauta, kulawa da lafiya, abinci, da ilimi ga yara marasa lafiya, waɗanda aka watsar, da marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kinshasa |first=U. S. Embassy |date=2016-07-07 |title=Community Service at Mama Koko Orphanage |url=https://cd.usembassy.gov/community-service-mama-koko-orphanage/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=U.S. Embassy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2016 |title=Voyage à la Pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Trip to Kimbondo Pediatrics |url=https://opusdei.org/fr-ch/article/voyage-a-la-pediatrie-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Opusdei.org |language=French}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-28 |title=Kinshasa: la pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers - Democratic Republic of the Congo |trans-title=Kinshasa: Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/kinshasa-la-p-diatrie-de-kimbondo-dot-e-des-mat-riels-hospitaliers |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radio Okapi |language=French}}</ref> Yana da dabarun da ke cikin unguwar Kimbondo na garin Mont Ngafula, kilomita 35 daga Downtown Kinshasa a yankin yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC). <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 10, 2018 |title=La Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo remercie RAWBANK |trans-title=The Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation thanks RAWBANK |url=https://www.mediacongo.net/publireportage-reportage-38211_la_fondation_pediatrique_de_kimbondo_remercie_rawbank.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.mediacongo.net |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dibonga |first=Yolande |title=Fondation Kimbondo, 28 ans au service des enfants orphelins |url=https://www.africanewsrdc.net/societe/fondation-kimbondo-28-ans-service-enfants-orphelins/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=AfricaNews RDC |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=September 30, 2020 |title=L'orphelinat de Kimbondo remercie Béatrice Lomeya |trans-title=Kimbondo orphanage thanks Béatrice Lomeya |url=https://ouragan.cd/2020/09/lorphelinat-de-kimbondo-remercie-beatrice-lomeya/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref>&nbsp; == Bayyanawa == FPK kungiya ce ta kiwon lafiya tare da ɗakunan don fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiya kamar su "magungunan gaba ɗaya, ilimin zuciya, tarin fuka na huhu da kwarangwal, binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, ultrasound, radiology, da ƙarin jini". Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi gidaje da aka keɓe don karɓar yara da aka watsar da marayu. Kimanin mutane 60, galibi iyaye tare da 'ya'yansu, suna neman taimakon likita a waje da FPK. Gidan yana ba da gadaje 200 don kulawa mai tsawo, yana ba da abinci ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da tarin fuka ko Cututtukan zuciya. Ita ce Babban asibiti da ke cikin yankin kiwon lafiya na Mont Ngafula II. Gidan marayu yana da kusan yara 500 da matasa. == Tarihi == An kafa shi a cikin 1989 da Laura Perna, farfesa a jami'ar Italiya mai ritaya, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bola |first=Joana |last2=Pomme |first2=Miriam |last3=Ngonga |first3=Hornella |date=March 11, 2019 |title=La journée internationale des droits des femmes célébrée par l'AFT-CENCO dans la solidarité avec les orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=International Women's Rights Day celebrated by AFT-CENCO in solidarity with the orphans of Kimbondo |url=https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Caritasdev |language=fr-fr |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma mahaifin Chilean, El Padre Hugo Ríos Diaz daga mishan na Claretian, <ref>{{Cite web |title=El Padre Hugo – El milagro para los niños del Congo |url=http://www.kimbondo.cl/el-padre-hugo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Kimbondo.cl |language=Spanish }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bustos |first=Nataly Valeria Sanchez |title=Hugo Ríos El padre de los niños |url=https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=cl.socialab.com |language=es |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |url-status=dead }}</ref> kungiyar ta fara ne da karamin kantin magani kyauta da taimakon abinci ga yara da iyalai masu bukata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahamba |first=Lucie |date=2017-12-04 |title=un ouf de soulagement pour les malades et travailleurs de la pédiatrie de Mama koko |trans-title=a sigh of relief for the patients and workers of Mama Koko's pediatrics |url=https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Geopolismagazine.net |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125833/https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Pediatric Hospital of Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Da yake shawo kan kalubale kuma tare da gudummawa daga abokai da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, Hugo da Perna sun canza kantin magani zuwa asibitin marayu, mai suna "Mama Koko Orphanage" don girmamawa ga Perna.<ref name=":2" /> A shekara ta 2002, gidan marayu ya sami wakilci na doka da kuma amincewa a matsayin Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo (Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo; FPK) a bin ka'idar Kongo.<ref name=":0"/> An ba da izini don horar da likita a cikin 2000, kuma FPK ta sami amincewa don ayyukanta na al'umma da na lantarki a cikin shekara ta 2001. <ref name=":0" /> === Kyauta === Kyauta, kamar kwantena biyu daga Ms. Hettinger a watan Maris na shekara ta 2005 da kuma gudummawar shinkafa mai yawa daga gwamnatin Italiya a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005, sun goyi bayan asibitin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Musangu |first=Fidèle |date=March 21, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mme Hettinger fait un don de deux containers à l'hôpital pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ms. Hettinger donates two containers to the Kimbondo pediatric hospital |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200503211318.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lephareonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tshibuabua |first=Espérance |date=May 28, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Le PAM en appui à la pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: WFP in support of Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200505300028.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008, Taimako ga Yara Masu Rashin Hanci a Afirka (AEDA) daga [[Finland]] sun ba asibitin jakar [[shinkafa]], [[sukari]], da kayan madara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2008 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ongd basée en Finlande - L'AEDA vient à la rescousse des orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: NGO based in Finland - AEDA comes to the rescue of Kimbondo orphans |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200811040349.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> Elikia Na Biso, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Kongo-Sweden, ta ba da kayan aiki ga nakasassu a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Véron |date=November 20, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Du matériel pour enfants handicapés à la pédiatrie Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Equipment for disabled children at Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211200628.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mupompa |first=Donatien Ngandu |date=December 12, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Les dons de l'Ong "Elikia Na Biso " aux enfants handicapés bloqués par la douane |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Donations from the NGO "Elikia Na Biso" to disabled children blocked by customs |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211121523.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, kungiyar ba da agaji ta Sweden Elikya ta ba da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya, wanda ya kunshi gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tiyata, tarin kusan kekunan guragu ɗari, kujeru masu kwanciyar hankali, da ƙarin abubuwa 500 da aka tsara don mutanen da ke da nakasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2014 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201404270181.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radiookapi.net/ |language=French}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, FPK ta kaddamar da shigarwar photovoltaic ta 100-kilowatt wanda Ƙungiyar Terna da sauran masu ba da gudummawa da yawa suka tallafawa, wanda ya kai sama da £ 500,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inana |first=Kevin |date=December 3, 2017 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La Pédiatrie de Kimbondo inaugure une installation photovoltaïque de 100 Kw |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo Pediatrics inaugurates a 100 Kw photovoltaic installation |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201712040467.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A tsawon lokaci, FPK ta fadada yankinta da ayyukanta, tare da manyan yankuna huɗu. Wadannan sun hada da asibitin, wanda ke ba da masauki na dogon lokaci 200 ga yara da ke fama da tarin fuka ko cututtukan zuciya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hospital |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/hospital |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2"/> Har ila yau, yana da gidajen mafaka da ke karɓar kusan yara 500 da aka watsar ko marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shelters |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/shelters |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Cibiyar tana alfahari da Makarantar Saint Claret, wadda aka gina a shekara ta 2009, tana ba da ilimi kyauta daga Kula da rana zuwa matakin makarantar sakandare ga ƙananan baƙi na asibiti da yara marasa galihu a cikin garin Mont Ngafula . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Saint Claret School |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/saint-claret-school |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo kuma tana kula da Yankin noma mai girman hekta 900, wanda aka raba zuwa samar da amfanin gona (hectare 500) da [[Kiwo|gonar dabbobi]] (hectara 400), samar da abinci ga yara a asibiti, makaranta, da mafaka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Agricultural Area |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/agricultural-area |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kogin da ke raba yankin yana tallafawa noman amfanin gona, gami da [[masara]], [[Rogo|manioc]], ''ananas'', [[wake]], [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], da kuma yankin gwaji don samar da Artemisia.<ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, akwai masauki ga Ma'aikatan gona da kuma tsarin don sarrafa manioc zuwa gari.<ref name=":3" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} tjz3o3ufb7yehg2zzz3epdf9tai6pmv 823738 823737 2026-04-21T16:06:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 823738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo''" ("Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo"),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Perna |first=Laura |title=Fondation Pediatrique de Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/images/pdf/depfr.pdf |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Hubforkimbondo.it |page=1 |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Mama Koko Orphanage<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=December 23, 2019 |title=Fête de Noël : Béatrice Lomeya donne la joie aux orphelins de la Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Christmas party: Béatrice Lomeya brings joy to the orphans of the Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation |url=https://ouragan.cd/2019/12/fete-de-noel-beatrice-lomeya-donne-la-joie-aux-orphelins-de-la-fondation-pediatrique-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Masela |first=Nioni |date=September 10, 2015 |title=Mama Koko, la mère Teresa du Congo, à jamais gravée dans les cœurs |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/disparition-mama-koko-la-mere-teresa-du-congo-jamais-gravee-dans-les-coeurs-38249 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.adiac-congo.com |language=French |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}</ref> ko Pédiatrie de Kimbond <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Visite de réconfort de la ministre du Genre à l'orphelinat "Mama Koko" de Kimbondo |trans-title=Comfort visit by the Minister of Gender to the "Mama Koko" orphanage in Kimbondo |url=https://acp.cd/genre/visite-de-reconfort-de-la-ministre-du-genre-a-lorphelinat-mama-koko-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ACP |language=fr-FR}}</ref> kuma ana nuna shi da acronym '''[[Fika|FPK]]''', <ref name=":0" /> kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da gidaje kyauta, kulawa da lafiya, abinci, da ilimi ga yara marasa lafiya, waɗanda aka watsar, da marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kinshasa |first=U. S. Embassy |date=2016-07-07 |title=Community Service at Mama Koko Orphanage |url=https://cd.usembassy.gov/community-service-mama-koko-orphanage/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=U.S. Embassy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2016 |title=Voyage à la Pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Trip to Kimbondo Pediatrics |url=https://opusdei.org/fr-ch/article/voyage-a-la-pediatrie-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Opusdei.org |language=French}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-28 |title=Kinshasa: la pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers - Democratic Republic of the Congo |trans-title=Kinshasa: Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/kinshasa-la-p-diatrie-de-kimbondo-dot-e-des-mat-riels-hospitaliers |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radio Okapi |language=French}}</ref> Yana da dabarun da ke cikin unguwar Kimbondo na garin Mont Ngafula, kilomita 35 daga Downtown Kinshasa a yankin yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 10, 2018 |title=La Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo remercie RAWBANK |trans-title=The Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation thanks RAWBANK |url=https://www.mediacongo.net/publireportage-reportage-38211_la_fondation_pediatrique_de_kimbondo_remercie_rawbank.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.mediacongo.net |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dibonga |first=Yolande |title=Fondation Kimbondo, 28 ans au service des enfants orphelins |url=https://www.africanewsrdc.net/societe/fondation-kimbondo-28-ans-service-enfants-orphelins/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=AfricaNews RDC |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=September 30, 2020 |title=L'orphelinat de Kimbondo remercie Béatrice Lomeya |trans-title=Kimbondo orphanage thanks Béatrice Lomeya |url=https://ouragan.cd/2020/09/lorphelinat-de-kimbondo-remercie-beatrice-lomeya/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == FPK kungiya ce ta kiwon lafiya tare da ɗakunan don fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiya kamar su "magungunan gaba ɗaya, ilimin zuciya, tarin fuka na huhu da kwarangwal, binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, ultrasound, radiology, da ƙarin jini". Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi gidaje da aka keɓe don karɓar yara da aka watsar da marayu. Kimanin mutane 60, galibi iyaye tare da 'ya'yansu, suna neman taimakon likita a waje da FPK. Gidan yana ba da gadaje 200 don kulawa mai tsawo, yana ba da abinci ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da tarin fuka ko Cututtukan zuciya. Ita ce Babban asibiti da ke cikin yankin kiwon lafiya na Mont Ngafula II. Gidan marayu yana da kusan yara 500 da matasa. == Tarihi == An kafa shi a cikin 1989 da Laura Perna, farfesa a jami'ar Italiya mai ritaya, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bola |first=Joana |last2=Pomme |first2=Miriam |last3=Ngonga |first3=Hornella |date=March 11, 2019 |title=La journée internationale des droits des femmes célébrée par l'AFT-CENCO dans la solidarité avec les orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=International Women's Rights Day celebrated by AFT-CENCO in solidarity with the orphans of Kimbondo |url=https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Caritasdev |language=fr-fr |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma mahaifin Chilean, El Padre Hugo Ríos Diaz daga mishan na Claretian, <ref>{{Cite web |title=El Padre Hugo – El milagro para los niños del Congo |url=http://www.kimbondo.cl/el-padre-hugo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Kimbondo.cl |language=Spanish }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bustos |first=Nataly Valeria Sanchez |title=Hugo Ríos El padre de los niños |url=https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=cl.socialab.com |language=es |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |url-status=dead }}</ref> kungiyar ta fara ne da karamin kantin magani kyauta da taimakon abinci ga yara da iyalai masu bukata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahamba |first=Lucie |date=2017-12-04 |title=un ouf de soulagement pour les malades et travailleurs de la pédiatrie de Mama koko |trans-title=a sigh of relief for the patients and workers of Mama Koko's pediatrics |url=https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Geopolismagazine.net |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125833/https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Pediatric Hospital of Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Da yake shawo kan kalubale kuma tare da gudummawa daga abokai da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, Hugo da Perna sun canza kantin magani zuwa asibitin marayu, mai suna "Mama Koko Orphanage" don girmamawa ga Perna.<ref name=":2" /> A shekara ta 2002, gidan marayu ya sami wakilci na doka da kuma amincewa a matsayin Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo (Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo; FPK) a bin ka'idar Kongo.<ref name=":0"/> An ba da izini don horar da likita a cikin 2000, kuma FPK ta sami amincewa don ayyukanta na al'umma da na lantarki a cikin shekara ta 2001. <ref name=":0" /> === Kyauta === Kyauta, kamar kwantena biyu daga Ms. Hettinger a watan Maris na shekara ta 2005 da kuma gudummawar shinkafa mai yawa daga gwamnatin Italiya a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005, sun goyi bayan asibitin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Musangu |first=Fidèle |date=March 21, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mme Hettinger fait un don de deux containers à l'hôpital pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ms. Hettinger donates two containers to the Kimbondo pediatric hospital |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200503211318.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lephareonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tshibuabua |first=Espérance |date=May 28, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Le PAM en appui à la pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: WFP in support of Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200505300028.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008, Taimako ga Yara Masu Rashin Hanci a Afirka (AEDA) daga [[Finland]] sun ba asibitin jakar [[shinkafa]], [[sukari]], da kayan madara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2008 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ongd basée en Finlande - L'AEDA vient à la rescousse des orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: NGO based in Finland - AEDA comes to the rescue of Kimbondo orphans |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200811040349.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> Elikia Na Biso, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Kongo-Sweden, ta ba da kayan aiki ga nakasassu a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Véron |date=November 20, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Du matériel pour enfants handicapés à la pédiatrie Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Equipment for disabled children at Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211200628.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mupompa |first=Donatien Ngandu |date=December 12, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Les dons de l'Ong "Elikia Na Biso " aux enfants handicapés bloqués par la douane |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Donations from the NGO "Elikia Na Biso" to disabled children blocked by customs |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211121523.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, kungiyar ba da agaji ta Sweden Elikya ta ba da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya, wanda ya kunshi gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tiyata, tarin kusan kekunan guragu ɗari, kujeru masu kwanciyar hankali, da ƙarin abubuwa 500 da aka tsara don mutanen da ke da nakasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2014 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201404270181.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radiookapi.net/ |language=French}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, FPK ta kaddamar da shigarwar photovoltaic ta 100-kilowatt wanda Ƙungiyar Terna da sauran masu ba da gudummawa da yawa suka tallafawa, wanda ya kai sama da £ 500,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inana |first=Kevin |date=December 3, 2017 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La Pédiatrie de Kimbondo inaugure une installation photovoltaïque de 100 Kw |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo Pediatrics inaugurates a 100 Kw photovoltaic installation |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201712040467.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A tsawon lokaci, FPK ta fadada yankinta da ayyukanta, tare da manyan yankuna huɗu. Wadannan sun hada da asibitin, wanda ke ba da masauki na dogon lokaci 200 ga yara da ke fama da tarin fuka ko cututtukan zuciya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hospital |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/hospital |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2"/> Har ila yau, yana da gidajen mafaka da ke karɓar kusan yara 500 da aka watsar ko marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shelters |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/shelters |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Cibiyar tana alfahari da Makarantar Saint Claret, wadda aka gina a shekara ta 2009, tana ba da ilimi kyauta daga Kula da rana zuwa matakin makarantar sakandare ga ƙananan baƙi na asibiti da yara marasa galihu a cikin garin Mont Ngafula . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Saint Claret School |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/saint-claret-school |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo kuma tana kula da Yankin noma mai girman hekta 900, wanda aka raba zuwa samar da amfanin gona (hectare 500) da [[Kiwo|gonar dabbobi]] (hectara 400), samar da abinci ga yara a asibiti, makaranta, da mafaka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Agricultural Area |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/agricultural-area |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kogin da ke raba yankin yana tallafawa noman amfanin gona, gami da [[masara]], [[Rogo|manioc]], ''ananas'', [[wake]], [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], da kuma yankin gwaji don samar da Artemisia.<ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, akwai masauki ga Ma'aikatan gona da kuma tsarin don sarrafa manioc zuwa gari.<ref name=":3" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} mcgwgablz00wea01b32rr77x9dc7vm4 823739 823738 2026-04-21T16:07:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 823739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo''" ("Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo"),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Perna |first=Laura |title=Fondation Pediatrique de Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/images/pdf/depfr.pdf |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Hubforkimbondo.it |page=1 |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Mama Koko Orphanage<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=December 23, 2019 |title=Fête de Noël : Béatrice Lomeya donne la joie aux orphelins de la Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Christmas party: Béatrice Lomeya brings joy to the orphans of the Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation |url=https://ouragan.cd/2019/12/fete-de-noel-beatrice-lomeya-donne-la-joie-aux-orphelins-de-la-fondation-pediatrique-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Masela |first=Nioni |date=September 10, 2015 |title=Mama Koko, la mère Teresa du Congo, à jamais gravée dans les cœurs |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/disparition-mama-koko-la-mere-teresa-du-congo-jamais-gravee-dans-les-coeurs-38249 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.adiac-congo.com |language=French |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}</ref> ko Pédiatrie de Kimbond <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Visite de réconfort de la ministre du Genre à l'orphelinat "Mama Koko" de Kimbondo |trans-title=Comfort visit by the Minister of Gender to the "Mama Koko" orphanage in Kimbondo |url=https://acp.cd/genre/visite-de-reconfort-de-la-ministre-du-genre-a-lorphelinat-mama-koko-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ACP |language=fr-FR}}</ref> kuma ana nuna shi da acronym '''[[Fika|FPK]]''', <ref name=":0" /> kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da gidaje kyauta, kulawa da lafiya, abinci, da ilimi ga yara marasa lafiya, waɗanda aka watsar, da marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kinshasa |first=U. S. Embassy |date=2016-07-07 |title=Community Service at Mama Koko Orphanage |url=https://cd.usembassy.gov/community-service-mama-koko-orphanage/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=U.S. Embassy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2016 |title=Voyage à la Pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Trip to Kimbondo Pediatrics |url=https://opusdei.org/fr-ch/article/voyage-a-la-pediatrie-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Opusdei.org |language=French}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-28 |title=Kinshasa: la pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers - Democratic Republic of the Congo |trans-title=Kinshasa: Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/kinshasa-la-p-diatrie-de-kimbondo-dot-e-des-mat-riels-hospitaliers |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radio Okapi |language=French}}</ref> Yana da dabarun da ke cikin unguwar Kimbondo na garin Mont Ngafula, kilomita 35 daga Downtown Kinshasa a yankin yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 10, 2018 |title=La Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo remercie RAWBANK |trans-title=The Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation thanks RAWBANK |url=https://www.mediacongo.net/publireportage-reportage-38211_la_fondation_pediatrique_de_kimbondo_remercie_rawbank.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.mediacongo.net |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dibonga |first=Yolande |title=Fondation Kimbondo, 28 ans au service des enfants orphelins |url=https://www.africanewsrdc.net/societe/fondation-kimbondo-28-ans-service-enfants-orphelins/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=AfricaNews RDC |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=September 30, 2020 |title=L'orphelinat de Kimbondo remercie Béatrice Lomeya |trans-title=Kimbondo orphanage thanks Béatrice Lomeya |url=https://ouragan.cd/2020/09/lorphelinat-de-kimbondo-remercie-beatrice-lomeya/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == FPK kungiya ce ta kiwon lafiya tare da ɗakunan don fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiya kamar su "magungunan gaba ɗaya, ilimin zuciya, tarin fuka na huhu da kwarangwal, binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, ultrasound, radiology, da ƙarin jini". Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi gidaje da aka keɓe don karɓar yara da aka watsar da marayu. Kimanin mutane 60, galibi iyaye tare da 'ya'yansu, suna neman taimakon likita a waje da FPK. Gidan yana ba da gadaje 200 don kulawa mai tsawo, yana ba da abinci ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da tarin fuka ko Cututtukan zuciya. Ita ce Babban asibiti da ke cikin yankin kiwon lafiya na Mont Ngafula II. Gidan marayu yana da kusan yara 500 da matasa. == Tarihi == An kafa shi a cikin 1989 da Laura Perna, farfesa a jami'ar Italiya mai ritaya, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bola |first=Joana |last2=Pomme |first2=Miriam |last3=Ngonga |first3=Hornella |date=March 11, 2019 |title=La journée internationale des droits des femmes célébrée par l'AFT-CENCO dans la solidarité avec les orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=International Women's Rights Day celebrated by AFT-CENCO in solidarity with the orphans of Kimbondo |url=https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Caritasdev |language=fr-fr |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma mahaifin Chilean, El Padre Hugo Ríos Diaz daga mishan na Claretian,<ref>{{Cite web |title=El Padre Hugo – El milagro para los niños del Congo |url=http://www.kimbondo.cl/el-padre-hugo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Kimbondo.cl |language=Spanish }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bustos |first=Nataly Valeria Sanchez |title=Hugo Ríos El padre de los niños |url=https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=cl.socialab.com |language=es |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |url-status=dead }}</ref> kungiyar ta fara ne da karamin kantin magani kyauta da taimakon abinci ga yara da iyalai masu bukata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahamba |first=Lucie |date=2017-12-04 |title=un ouf de soulagement pour les malades et travailleurs de la pédiatrie de Mama koko |trans-title=a sigh of relief for the patients and workers of Mama Koko's pediatrics |url=https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Geopolismagazine.net |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125833/https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Pediatric Hospital of Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Da yake shawo kan kalubale kuma tare da gudummawa daga abokai da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, Hugo da Perna sun canza kantin magani zuwa asibitin marayu, mai suna "Mama Koko Orphanage" don girmamawa ga Perna.<ref name=":2" /> A shekara ta 2002, gidan marayu ya sami wakilci na doka da kuma amincewa a matsayin Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo (Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo; FPK) a bin ka'idar Kongo.<ref name=":0"/> An ba da izini don horar da likita a cikin 2000, kuma FPK ta sami amincewa don ayyukanta na al'umma da na lantarki a cikin shekara ta 2001. <ref name=":0" /> === Kyauta === Kyauta, kamar kwantena biyu daga Ms. Hettinger a watan Maris na shekara ta 2005 da kuma gudummawar shinkafa mai yawa daga gwamnatin Italiya a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005, sun goyi bayan asibitin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Musangu |first=Fidèle |date=March 21, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mme Hettinger fait un don de deux containers à l'hôpital pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ms. Hettinger donates two containers to the Kimbondo pediatric hospital |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200503211318.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lephareonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tshibuabua |first=Espérance |date=May 28, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Le PAM en appui à la pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: WFP in support of Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200505300028.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008, Taimako ga Yara Masu Rashin Hanci a Afirka (AEDA) daga [[Finland]] sun ba asibitin jakar [[shinkafa]], [[sukari]], da kayan madara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2008 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ongd basée en Finlande - L'AEDA vient à la rescousse des orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: NGO based in Finland - AEDA comes to the rescue of Kimbondo orphans |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200811040349.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> Elikia Na Biso, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Kongo-Sweden, ta ba da kayan aiki ga nakasassu a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Véron |date=November 20, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Du matériel pour enfants handicapés à la pédiatrie Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Equipment for disabled children at Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211200628.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mupompa |first=Donatien Ngandu |date=December 12, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Les dons de l'Ong "Elikia Na Biso " aux enfants handicapés bloqués par la douane |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Donations from the NGO "Elikia Na Biso" to disabled children blocked by customs |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211121523.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, kungiyar ba da agaji ta Sweden Elikya ta ba da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya, wanda ya kunshi gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tiyata, tarin kusan kekunan guragu ɗari, kujeru masu kwanciyar hankali, da ƙarin abubuwa 500 da aka tsara don mutanen da ke da nakasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2014 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201404270181.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radiookapi.net/ |language=French}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, FPK ta kaddamar da shigarwar photovoltaic ta 100-kilowatt wanda Ƙungiyar Terna da sauran masu ba da gudummawa da yawa suka tallafawa, wanda ya kai sama da £ 500,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inana |first=Kevin |date=December 3, 2017 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La Pédiatrie de Kimbondo inaugure une installation photovoltaïque de 100 Kw |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo Pediatrics inaugurates a 100 Kw photovoltaic installation |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201712040467.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A tsawon lokaci, FPK ta fadada yankinta da ayyukanta, tare da manyan yankuna huɗu. Wadannan sun hada da asibitin, wanda ke ba da masauki na dogon lokaci 200 ga yara da ke fama da tarin fuka ko cututtukan zuciya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hospital |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/hospital |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2"/> Har ila yau, yana da gidajen mafaka da ke karɓar kusan yara 500 da aka watsar ko marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shelters |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/shelters |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Cibiyar tana alfahari da Makarantar Saint Claret, wadda aka gina a shekara ta 2009, tana ba da ilimi kyauta daga Kula da rana zuwa matakin makarantar sakandare ga ƙananan baƙi na asibiti da yara marasa galihu a cikin garin Mont Ngafula . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Saint Claret School |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/saint-claret-school |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo kuma tana kula da Yankin noma mai girman hekta 900, wanda aka raba zuwa samar da amfanin gona (hectare 500) da [[Kiwo|gonar dabbobi]] (hectara 400), samar da abinci ga yara a asibiti, makaranta, da mafaka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Agricultural Area |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/agricultural-area |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kogin da ke raba yankin yana tallafawa noman amfanin gona, gami da [[masara]], [[Rogo|manioc]], ''ananas'', [[wake]], [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], da kuma yankin gwaji don samar da Artemisia.<ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, akwai masauki ga Ma'aikatan gona da kuma tsarin don sarrafa manioc zuwa gari.<ref name=":3" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} 5p58e6g4qu17p3lfsw8yjt2lwfq1800 823740 823739 2026-04-21T16:07:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 823740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo''" ("Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo"),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Perna |first=Laura |title=Fondation Pediatrique de Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/images/pdf/depfr.pdf |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Hubforkimbondo.it |page=1 |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Mama Koko Orphanage<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=December 23, 2019 |title=Fête de Noël : Béatrice Lomeya donne la joie aux orphelins de la Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Christmas party: Béatrice Lomeya brings joy to the orphans of the Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation |url=https://ouragan.cd/2019/12/fete-de-noel-beatrice-lomeya-donne-la-joie-aux-orphelins-de-la-fondation-pediatrique-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Masela |first=Nioni |date=September 10, 2015 |title=Mama Koko, la mère Teresa du Congo, à jamais gravée dans les cœurs |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/disparition-mama-koko-la-mere-teresa-du-congo-jamais-gravee-dans-les-coeurs-38249 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.adiac-congo.com |language=French |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}</ref> ko Pédiatrie de Kimbond <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Visite de réconfort de la ministre du Genre à l'orphelinat "Mama Koko" de Kimbondo |trans-title=Comfort visit by the Minister of Gender to the "Mama Koko" orphanage in Kimbondo |url=https://acp.cd/genre/visite-de-reconfort-de-la-ministre-du-genre-a-lorphelinat-mama-koko-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ACP |language=fr-FR}}</ref> kuma ana nuna shi da acronym '''[[Fika|FPK]]''', <ref name=":0" /> kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da gidaje kyauta, kulawa da lafiya, abinci, da ilimi ga yara marasa lafiya, waɗanda aka watsar, da marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kinshasa |first=U. S. Embassy |date=2016-07-07 |title=Community Service at Mama Koko Orphanage |url=https://cd.usembassy.gov/community-service-mama-koko-orphanage/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=U.S. Embassy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2016 |title=Voyage à la Pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Trip to Kimbondo Pediatrics |url=https://opusdei.org/fr-ch/article/voyage-a-la-pediatrie-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Opusdei.org |language=French}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-28 |title=Kinshasa: la pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers - Democratic Republic of the Congo |trans-title=Kinshasa: Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/kinshasa-la-p-diatrie-de-kimbondo-dot-e-des-mat-riels-hospitaliers |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radio Okapi |language=French}}</ref> Yana da dabarun da ke cikin unguwar Kimbondo na garin Mont Ngafula, kilomita 35 daga Downtown Kinshasa a yankin yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 10, 2018 |title=La Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo remercie RAWBANK |trans-title=The Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation thanks RAWBANK |url=https://www.mediacongo.net/publireportage-reportage-38211_la_fondation_pediatrique_de_kimbondo_remercie_rawbank.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.mediacongo.net |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dibonga |first=Yolande |title=Fondation Kimbondo, 28 ans au service des enfants orphelins |url=https://www.africanewsrdc.net/societe/fondation-kimbondo-28-ans-service-enfants-orphelins/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=AfricaNews RDC |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=September 30, 2020 |title=L'orphelinat de Kimbondo remercie Béatrice Lomeya |trans-title=Kimbondo orphanage thanks Béatrice Lomeya |url=https://ouragan.cd/2020/09/lorphelinat-de-kimbondo-remercie-beatrice-lomeya/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == FPK kungiya ce ta kiwon lafiya tare da ɗakunan don fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiya kamar su "magungunan gaba ɗaya, ilimin zuciya, tarin fuka na huhu da kwarangwal, binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, ultrasound, radiology, da ƙarin jini". Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi gidaje da aka keɓe don karɓar yara da aka watsar da marayu. Kimanin mutane 60, galibi iyaye tare da 'ya'yansu, suna neman taimakon likita a waje da FPK. Gidan yana ba da gadaje 200 don kulawa mai tsawo, yana ba da abinci ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da tarin fuka ko Cututtukan zuciya. Ita ce Babban asibiti da ke cikin yankin kiwon lafiya na Mont Ngafula II. Gidan marayu yana da kusan yara 500 da matasa. == Tarihi == An kafa shi a cikin 1989 da Laura Perna, farfesa a jami'ar Italiya mai ritaya, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bola |first=Joana |last2=Pomme |first2=Miriam |last3=Ngonga |first3=Hornella |date=March 11, 2019 |title=La journée internationale des droits des femmes célébrée par l'AFT-CENCO dans la solidarité avec les orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=International Women's Rights Day celebrated by AFT-CENCO in solidarity with the orphans of Kimbondo |url=https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Caritasdev |language=fr-fr |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma mahaifin Chilean, El Padre Hugo Ríos Diaz daga mishan na Claretian,<ref>{{Cite web |title=El Padre Hugo – El milagro para los niños del Congo |url=http://www.kimbondo.cl/el-padre-hugo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Kimbondo.cl |language=Spanish }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bustos |first=Nataly Valeria Sanchez |title=Hugo Ríos El padre de los niños |url=https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=cl.socialab.com |language=es |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |url-status=dead }}</ref> kungiyar ta fara ne da karamin kantin magani kyauta da taimakon abinci ga yara da iyalai masu bukata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahamba |first=Lucie |date=2017-12-04 |title=un ouf de soulagement pour les malades et travailleurs de la pédiatrie de Mama koko |trans-title=a sigh of relief for the patients and workers of Mama Koko's pediatrics |url=https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Geopolismagazine.net |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125833/https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Pediatric Hospital of Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Da yake shawo kan kalubale kuma tare da gudummawa daga abokai da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, Hugo da Perna sun canza kantin magani zuwa asibitin marayu, mai suna "Mama Koko Orphanage" don girmamawa ga Perna.<ref name=":2" /> A shekara ta 2002, gidan marayu ya sami wakilci na doka da kuma amincewa a matsayin Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo (Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo; FPK) a bin ka'idar Kongo.<ref name=":0"/> An ba da izini don horar da likita a cikin 2000, kuma FPK ta sami amincewa don ayyukanta na al'umma da na lantarki a cikin shekara ta 2001. <ref name=":0" /> === Kyauta === Kyauta, kamar kwantena biyu daga Ms. Hettinger a watan Maris na shekara ta 2005 da kuma gudummawar shinkafa mai yawa daga gwamnatin Italiya a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005, sun goyi bayan asibitin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Musangu |first=Fidèle |date=March 21, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mme Hettinger fait un don de deux containers à l'hôpital pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ms. Hettinger donates two containers to the Kimbondo pediatric hospital |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200503211318.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lephareonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tshibuabua |first=Espérance |date=May 28, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Le PAM en appui à la pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: WFP in support of Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200505300028.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008, Taimako ga Yara Masu Rashin Hanci a Afirka (AEDA) daga [[Finland]] sun ba asibitin jakar [[shinkafa]], [[sukari]], da kayan madara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2008 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ongd basée en Finlande - L'AEDA vient à la rescousse des orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: NGO based in Finland - AEDA comes to the rescue of Kimbondo orphans |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200811040349.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> Elikia Na Biso, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Kongo-Sweden, ta ba da kayan aiki ga nakasassu a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Véron |date=November 20, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Du matériel pour enfants handicapés à la pédiatrie Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Equipment for disabled children at Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211200628.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mupompa |first=Donatien Ngandu |date=December 12, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Les dons de l'Ong "Elikia Na Biso " aux enfants handicapés bloqués par la douane |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Donations from the NGO "Elikia Na Biso" to disabled children blocked by customs |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211121523.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, kungiyar ba da agaji ta Sweden Elikya ta ba da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya, wanda ya kunshi gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tiyata, tarin kusan kekunan guragu ɗari, kujeru masu kwanciyar hankali, da ƙarin abubuwa 500 da aka tsara don mutanen da ke da nakasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2014 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201404270181.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radiookapi.net/ |language=French}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, FPK ta kaddamar da shigarwar photovoltaic ta 100-kilowatt wanda Ƙungiyar Terna da sauran masu ba da gudummawa da yawa suka tallafawa, wanda ya kai sama da £ 500,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inana |first=Kevin |date=December 3, 2017 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La Pédiatrie de Kimbondo inaugure une installation photovoltaïque de 100 Kw |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo Pediatrics inaugurates a 100 Kw photovoltaic installation |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201712040467.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A tsawon lokaci, FPK ta fadada yankinta da ayyukanta, tare da manyan yankuna huɗu. Wadannan sun hada da asibitin, wanda ke ba da masauki na dogon lokaci 200 ga yara da ke fama da tarin fuka ko cututtukan zuciya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hospital |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/hospital |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2"/> Har ila yau, yana da gidajen mafaka da ke karɓar kusan yara 500 da aka watsar ko marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shelters |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/shelters |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Cibiyar tana alfahari da Makarantar Saint Claret, wadda aka gina a shekara ta 2009, tana ba da ilimi kyauta daga Kula da rana zuwa matakin makarantar sakandare ga ƙananan baƙi na asibiti da yara marasa galihu a cikin garin Mont Ngafula . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Saint Claret School |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/saint-claret-school |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo kuma tana kula da Yankin noma mai girman hekta 900, wanda aka raba zuwa samar da amfanin gona (hectare 500) da [[Kiwo|gonar dabbobi]] (hectara 400), samar da abinci ga yara a asibiti, makaranta, da mafaka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Agricultural Area |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/agricultural-area |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kogin da ke raba yankin yana tallafawa noman amfanin gona, gami da [[masara]], [[Rogo|manioc]], ''ananas'', [[wake]], [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], da kuma yankin gwaji don samar da Artemisia.<ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, akwai masauki ga Ma'aikatan gona da kuma tsarin don sarrafa manioc zuwa gari.<ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} r0k2wucxvt5vmcvy2v04rj0lwwhntde 823741 823740 2026-04-21T16:08:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 823741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo''" ("Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo"),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Perna |first=Laura |title=Fondation Pediatrique de Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/images/pdf/depfr.pdf |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Hubforkimbondo.it |page=1 |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Mama Koko Orphanage<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=December 23, 2019 |title=Fête de Noël : Béatrice Lomeya donne la joie aux orphelins de la Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Christmas party: Béatrice Lomeya brings joy to the orphans of the Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation |url=https://ouragan.cd/2019/12/fete-de-noel-beatrice-lomeya-donne-la-joie-aux-orphelins-de-la-fondation-pediatrique-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Masela |first=Nioni |date=September 10, 2015 |title=Mama Koko, la mère Teresa du Congo, à jamais gravée dans les cœurs |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/disparition-mama-koko-la-mere-teresa-du-congo-jamais-gravee-dans-les-coeurs-38249 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.adiac-congo.com |language=French |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}</ref> ko Pédiatrie de Kimbond <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Visite de réconfort de la ministre du Genre à l'orphelinat "Mama Koko" de Kimbondo |trans-title=Comfort visit by the Minister of Gender to the "Mama Koko" orphanage in Kimbondo |url=https://acp.cd/genre/visite-de-reconfort-de-la-ministre-du-genre-a-lorphelinat-mama-koko-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ACP |language=fr-FR}}</ref> kuma ana nuna shi da acronym '''[[Fika|FPK]]''', <ref name=":0" /> kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da gidaje kyauta, kulawa da lafiya, abinci, da ilimi ga yara marasa lafiya, waɗanda aka watsar, da marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kinshasa |first=U. S. Embassy |date=2016-07-07 |title=Community Service at Mama Koko Orphanage |url=https://cd.usembassy.gov/community-service-mama-koko-orphanage/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=U.S. Embassy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2016 |title=Voyage à la Pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Trip to Kimbondo Pediatrics |url=https://opusdei.org/fr-ch/article/voyage-a-la-pediatrie-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Opusdei.org |language=French}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-28 |title=Kinshasa: la pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers - Democratic Republic of the Congo |trans-title=Kinshasa: Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/kinshasa-la-p-diatrie-de-kimbondo-dot-e-des-mat-riels-hospitaliers |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radio Okapi |language=French}}</ref> Yana da dabarun da ke cikin unguwar Kimbondo na garin Mont Ngafula, kilomita 35 daga Downtown Kinshasa a yankin yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 10, 2018 |title=La Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo remercie RAWBANK |trans-title=The Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation thanks RAWBANK |url=https://www.mediacongo.net/publireportage-reportage-38211_la_fondation_pediatrique_de_kimbondo_remercie_rawbank.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.mediacongo.net |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dibonga |first=Yolande |title=Fondation Kimbondo, 28 ans au service des enfants orphelins |url=https://www.africanewsrdc.net/societe/fondation-kimbondo-28-ans-service-enfants-orphelins/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=AfricaNews RDC |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=September 30, 2020 |title=L'orphelinat de Kimbondo remercie Béatrice Lomeya |trans-title=Kimbondo orphanage thanks Béatrice Lomeya |url=https://ouragan.cd/2020/09/lorphelinat-de-kimbondo-remercie-beatrice-lomeya/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == FPK kungiya ce ta kiwon lafiya tare da ɗakunan don fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiya kamar su "magungunan gaba ɗaya, ilimin zuciya, tarin fuka na huhu da kwarangwal, binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, ultrasound, radiology, da ƙarin jini". Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi gidaje da aka keɓe don karɓar yara da aka watsar da marayu. Kimanin mutane 60, galibi iyaye tare da 'ya'yansu, suna neman taimakon likita a waje da FPK. Gidan yana ba da gadaje 200 don kulawa mai tsawo, yana ba da abinci ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da tarin fuka ko Cututtukan zuciya. Ita ce Babban asibiti da ke cikin yankin kiwon lafiya na Mont Ngafula II. Gidan marayu yana da kusan yara 500 da matasa. == Tarihi == An kafa shi a cikin 1989 da Laura Perna, farfesa a jami'ar Italiya mai ritaya, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bola |first=Joana |last2=Pomme |first2=Miriam |last3=Ngonga |first3=Hornella |date=March 11, 2019 |title=La journée internationale des droits des femmes célébrée par l'AFT-CENCO dans la solidarité avec les orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=International Women's Rights Day celebrated by AFT-CENCO in solidarity with the orphans of Kimbondo |url=https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Caritasdev |language=fr-fr |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma mahaifin Chilean, El Padre Hugo Ríos Diaz daga mishan na Claretian,<ref>{{Cite web |title=El Padre Hugo – El milagro para los niños del Congo |url=http://www.kimbondo.cl/el-padre-hugo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Kimbondo.cl |language=Spanish }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bustos |first=Nataly Valeria Sanchez |title=Hugo Ríos El padre de los niños |url=https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=cl.socialab.com |language=es |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |url-status=dead }}</ref> kungiyar ta fara ne da karamin kantin magani kyauta da taimakon abinci ga yara da iyalai masu bukata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahamba |first=Lucie |date=2017-12-04 |title=un ouf de soulagement pour les malades et travailleurs de la pédiatrie de Mama koko |trans-title=a sigh of relief for the patients and workers of Mama Koko's pediatrics |url=https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Geopolismagazine.net |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125833/https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Pediatric Hospital of Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Da yake shawo kan kalubale kuma tare da gudummawa daga abokai da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, Hugo da Perna sun canza kantin magani zuwa asibitin marayu, mai suna "Mama Koko Orphanage" don girmamawa ga Perna.<ref name=":2" /> A shekara ta 2002, gidan marayu ya sami wakilci na doka da kuma amincewa a matsayin Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo (Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo; FPK) a bin ka'idar Kongo.<ref name=":0"/> An ba da izini don horar da likita a cikin 2000, kuma FPK ta sami amincewa don ayyukanta na al'umma da na lantarki a cikin shekara ta 2001. <ref name=":0" /> === Kyauta === Kyauta, kamar kwantena biyu daga Ms. Hettinger a watan Maris na shekara ta 2005 da kuma gudummawar shinkafa mai yawa daga gwamnatin Italiya a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005, sun goyi bayan asibitin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Musangu |first=Fidèle |date=March 21, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mme Hettinger fait un don de deux containers à l'hôpital pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ms. Hettinger donates two containers to the Kimbondo pediatric hospital |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200503211318.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lephareonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tshibuabua |first=Espérance |date=May 28, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Le PAM en appui à la pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: WFP in support of Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200505300028.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008, Taimako ga Yara Masu Rashin Hanci a Afirka (AEDA) daga [[Finland]] sun ba asibitin jakar [[shinkafa]], [[sukari]], da kayan madara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2008 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ongd basée en Finlande - L'AEDA vient à la rescousse des orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: NGO based in Finland - AEDA comes to the rescue of Kimbondo orphans |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200811040349.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> Elikia Na Biso, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Kongo-Sweden, ta ba da kayan aiki ga nakasassu a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Véron |date=November 20, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Du matériel pour enfants handicapés à la pédiatrie Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Equipment for disabled children at Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211200628.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mupompa |first=Donatien Ngandu |date=December 12, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Les dons de l'Ong "Elikia Na Biso " aux enfants handicapés bloqués par la douane |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Donations from the NGO "Elikia Na Biso" to disabled children blocked by customs |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211121523.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, kungiyar ba da agaji ta Sweden Elikya ta ba da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya, wanda ya kunshi gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tiyata, tarin kusan kekunan guragu ɗari, kujeru masu kwanciyar hankali, da ƙarin abubuwa 500 da aka tsara don mutanen da ke da nakasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2014 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201404270181.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radiookapi.net/ |language=French}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, FPK ta kaddamar da shigarwar photovoltaic ta 100-kilowatt wanda Ƙungiyar Terna da sauran masu ba da gudummawa da yawa suka tallafawa, wanda ya kai sama da £ 500,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inana |first=Kevin |date=December 3, 2017 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La Pédiatrie de Kimbondo inaugure une installation photovoltaïque de 100 Kw |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo Pediatrics inaugurates a 100 Kw photovoltaic installation |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201712040467.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A tsawon lokaci, FPK ta fadada yankinta da ayyukanta, tare da manyan yankuna huɗu. Wadannan sun hada da asibitin, wanda ke ba da masauki na dogon lokaci 200 ga yara da ke fama da tarin fuka ko cututtukan zuciya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hospital |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/hospital |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2"/> Har ila yau, yana da gidajen mafaka da ke karɓar kusan yara 500 da aka watsar ko marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shelters |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/shelters |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Cibiyar tana alfahari da Makarantar Saint Claret, wadda aka gina a shekara ta 2009, tana ba da ilimi kyauta daga Kula da rana zuwa matakin makarantar sakandare ga ƙananan baƙi na asibiti da yara marasa galihu a cikin garin Mont Ngafula . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Saint Claret School |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/saint-claret-school |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo kuma tana kula da Yankin noma mai girman hekta 900, wanda aka raba zuwa samar da amfanin gona (hectare 500) da [[Kiwo|gonar dabbobi]] (hectara 400), samar da abinci ga yara a asibiti, makaranta, da mafaka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Agricultural Area |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/agricultural-area |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kogin da ke raba yankin yana tallafawa noman amfanin gona, gami da [[masara]], [[Rogo|manioc]], ''ananas'', [[wake]], [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], da kuma yankin gwaji don samar da Artemisia.<ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, akwai masauki ga Ma'aikatan gona da kuma tsarin don sarrafa manioc zuwa gari.<ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{reflist|2}} afole2f7108kd668iada65kyltydly3 823742 823741 2026-04-21T16:08:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 823742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo''" ("Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo"),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Perna |first=Laura |title=Fondation Pediatrique de Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/images/pdf/depfr.pdf |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Hubforkimbondo.it |page=1 |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Mama Koko Orphanage<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=December 23, 2019 |title=Fête de Noël : Béatrice Lomeya donne la joie aux orphelins de la Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Christmas party: Béatrice Lomeya brings joy to the orphans of the Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation |url=https://ouragan.cd/2019/12/fete-de-noel-beatrice-lomeya-donne-la-joie-aux-orphelins-de-la-fondation-pediatrique-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Masela |first=Nioni |date=September 10, 2015 |title=Mama Koko, la mère Teresa du Congo, à jamais gravée dans les cœurs |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/disparition-mama-koko-la-mere-teresa-du-congo-jamais-gravee-dans-les-coeurs-38249 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.adiac-congo.com |language=French |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}</ref> ko Pédiatrie de Kimbond <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Visite de réconfort de la ministre du Genre à l'orphelinat "Mama Koko" de Kimbondo |trans-title=Comfort visit by the Minister of Gender to the "Mama Koko" orphanage in Kimbondo |url=https://acp.cd/genre/visite-de-reconfort-de-la-ministre-du-genre-a-lorphelinat-mama-koko-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ACP |language=fr-FR}}</ref> kuma ana nuna shi da acronym '''[[Fika|FPK]]''', <ref name=":0" /> kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da gidaje kyauta, kulawa da lafiya, abinci, da ilimi ga yara marasa lafiya, waɗanda aka watsar, da marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kinshasa |first=U. S. Embassy |date=2016-07-07 |title=Community Service at Mama Koko Orphanage |url=https://cd.usembassy.gov/community-service-mama-koko-orphanage/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=U.S. Embassy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2016 |title=Voyage à la Pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Trip to Kimbondo Pediatrics |url=https://opusdei.org/fr-ch/article/voyage-a-la-pediatrie-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Opusdei.org |language=French}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-28 |title=Kinshasa: la pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers - Democratic Republic of the Congo |trans-title=Kinshasa: Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/kinshasa-la-p-diatrie-de-kimbondo-dot-e-des-mat-riels-hospitaliers |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radio Okapi |language=French}}</ref> Yana da dabarun da ke cikin unguwar Kimbondo na garin Mont Ngafula, kilomita 35 daga Downtown Kinshasa a yankin yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 10, 2018 |title=La Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo remercie RAWBANK |trans-title=The Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation thanks RAWBANK |url=https://www.mediacongo.net/publireportage-reportage-38211_la_fondation_pediatrique_de_kimbondo_remercie_rawbank.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.mediacongo.net |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dibonga |first=Yolande |title=Fondation Kimbondo, 28 ans au service des enfants orphelins |url=https://www.africanewsrdc.net/societe/fondation-kimbondo-28-ans-service-enfants-orphelins/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=AfricaNews RDC |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=September 30, 2020 |title=L'orphelinat de Kimbondo remercie Béatrice Lomeya |trans-title=Kimbondo orphanage thanks Béatrice Lomeya |url=https://ouragan.cd/2020/09/lorphelinat-de-kimbondo-remercie-beatrice-lomeya/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == FPK kungiya ce ta kiwon lafiya tare da ɗakunan don fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiya kamar su "magungunan gaba ɗaya, ilimin zuciya, tarin fuka na huhu da kwarangwal, binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, ultrasound, radiology, da ƙarin jini". Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi gidaje da aka keɓe don karɓar yara da aka watsar da marayu. Kimanin mutane 60, galibi iyaye tare da 'ya'yansu, suna neman taimakon likita a waje da FPK. Gidan yana ba da gadaje 200 don kulawa mai tsawo, yana ba da abinci ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da tarin fuka ko Cututtukan zuciya. Ita ce Babban asibiti da ke cikin yankin kiwon lafiya na Mont Ngafula II. Gidan marayu yana da kusan yara 500 da matasa. == Tarihi == An kafa shi a cikin 1989 da Laura Perna, farfesa a jami'ar Italiya mai ritaya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bola |first=Joana |last2=Pomme |first2=Miriam |last3=Ngonga |first3=Hornella |date=March 11, 2019 |title=La journée internationale des droits des femmes célébrée par l'AFT-CENCO dans la solidarité avec les orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=International Women's Rights Day celebrated by AFT-CENCO in solidarity with the orphans of Kimbondo |url=https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Caritasdev |language=fr-fr |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma mahaifin Chilean, El Padre Hugo Ríos Diaz daga mishan na Claretian,<ref>{{Cite web |title=El Padre Hugo – El milagro para los niños del Congo |url=http://www.kimbondo.cl/el-padre-hugo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Kimbondo.cl |language=Spanish }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bustos |first=Nataly Valeria Sanchez |title=Hugo Ríos El padre de los niños |url=https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=cl.socialab.com |language=es |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |url-status=dead }}</ref> kungiyar ta fara ne da karamin kantin magani kyauta da taimakon abinci ga yara da iyalai masu bukata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahamba |first=Lucie |date=2017-12-04 |title=un ouf de soulagement pour les malades et travailleurs de la pédiatrie de Mama koko |trans-title=a sigh of relief for the patients and workers of Mama Koko's pediatrics |url=https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Geopolismagazine.net |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125833/https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Pediatric Hospital of Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Da yake shawo kan kalubale kuma tare da gudummawa daga abokai da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, Hugo da Perna sun canza kantin magani zuwa asibitin marayu, mai suna "Mama Koko Orphanage" don girmamawa ga Perna.<ref name=":2" /> A shekara ta 2002, gidan marayu ya sami wakilci na doka da kuma amincewa a matsayin Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo (Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo; FPK) a bin ka'idar Kongo.<ref name=":0"/> An ba da izini don horar da likita a cikin 2000, kuma FPK ta sami amincewa don ayyukanta na al'umma da na lantarki a cikin shekara ta 2001.<ref name=":0" /> === Kyauta === Kyauta, kamar kwantena biyu daga Ms. Hettinger a watan Maris na shekara ta 2005 da kuma gudummawar shinkafa mai yawa daga gwamnatin Italiya a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005, sun goyi bayan asibitin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Musangu |first=Fidèle |date=March 21, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mme Hettinger fait un don de deux containers à l'hôpital pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ms. Hettinger donates two containers to the Kimbondo pediatric hospital |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200503211318.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lephareonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tshibuabua |first=Espérance |date=May 28, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Le PAM en appui à la pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: WFP in support of Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200505300028.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008, Taimako ga Yara Masu Rashin Hanci a Afirka (AEDA) daga [[Finland]] sun ba asibitin jakar [[shinkafa]], [[sukari]], da kayan madara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2008 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ongd basée en Finlande - L'AEDA vient à la rescousse des orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: NGO based in Finland - AEDA comes to the rescue of Kimbondo orphans |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200811040349.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> Elikia Na Biso, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Kongo-Sweden, ta ba da kayan aiki ga nakasassu a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Véron |date=November 20, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Du matériel pour enfants handicapés à la pédiatrie Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Equipment for disabled children at Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211200628.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mupompa |first=Donatien Ngandu |date=December 12, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Les dons de l'Ong "Elikia Na Biso " aux enfants handicapés bloqués par la douane |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Donations from the NGO "Elikia Na Biso" to disabled children blocked by customs |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211121523.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, kungiyar ba da agaji ta Sweden Elikya ta ba da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya, wanda ya kunshi gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tiyata, tarin kusan kekunan guragu ɗari, kujeru masu kwanciyar hankali, da ƙarin abubuwa 500 da aka tsara don mutanen da ke da nakasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2014 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201404270181.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radiookapi.net/ |language=French}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, FPK ta kaddamar da shigarwar photovoltaic ta 100-kilowatt wanda Ƙungiyar Terna da sauran masu ba da gudummawa da yawa suka tallafawa, wanda ya kai sama da £ 500,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inana |first=Kevin |date=December 3, 2017 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La Pédiatrie de Kimbondo inaugure une installation photovoltaïque de 100 Kw |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo Pediatrics inaugurates a 100 Kw photovoltaic installation |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201712040467.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A tsawon lokaci, FPK ta fadada yankinta da ayyukanta, tare da manyan yankuna huɗu. Wadannan sun hada da asibitin, wanda ke ba da masauki na dogon lokaci 200 ga yara da ke fama da tarin fuka ko cututtukan zuciya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hospital |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/hospital |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2"/> Har ila yau, yana da gidajen mafaka da ke karɓar kusan yara 500 da aka watsar ko marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shelters |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/shelters |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Cibiyar tana alfahari da Makarantar Saint Claret, wadda aka gina a shekara ta 2009, tana ba da ilimi kyauta daga Kula da rana zuwa matakin makarantar sakandare ga ƙananan baƙi na asibiti da yara marasa galihu a cikin garin Mont Ngafula . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Saint Claret School |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/saint-claret-school |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo kuma tana kula da Yankin noma mai girman hekta 900, wanda aka raba zuwa samar da amfanin gona (hectare 500) da [[Kiwo|gonar dabbobi]] (hectara 400), samar da abinci ga yara a asibiti, makaranta, da mafaka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Agricultural Area |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/agricultural-area |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kogin da ke raba yankin yana tallafawa noman amfanin gona, gami da [[masara]], [[Rogo|manioc]], ''ananas'', [[wake]], [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], da kuma yankin gwaji don samar da Artemisia.<ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, akwai masauki ga Ma'aikatan gona da kuma tsarin don sarrafa manioc zuwa gari.<ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{reflist|2}} 7e06gl0f1db5gt1aeqoaygv8dk2msms 823743 823742 2026-04-21T16:08:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 823743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo''" ("Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo"),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Perna |first=Laura |title=Fondation Pediatrique de Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/images/pdf/depfr.pdf |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Hubforkimbondo.it |page=1 |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Mama Koko Orphanage<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=December 23, 2019 |title=Fête de Noël : Béatrice Lomeya donne la joie aux orphelins de la Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Christmas party: Béatrice Lomeya brings joy to the orphans of the Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation |url=https://ouragan.cd/2019/12/fete-de-noel-beatrice-lomeya-donne-la-joie-aux-orphelins-de-la-fondation-pediatrique-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Masela |first=Nioni |date=September 10, 2015 |title=Mama Koko, la mère Teresa du Congo, à jamais gravée dans les cœurs |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/disparition-mama-koko-la-mere-teresa-du-congo-jamais-gravee-dans-les-coeurs-38249 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.adiac-congo.com |language=French |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}</ref> ko Pédiatrie de Kimbond <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Visite de réconfort de la ministre du Genre à l'orphelinat "Mama Koko" de Kimbondo |trans-title=Comfort visit by the Minister of Gender to the "Mama Koko" orphanage in Kimbondo |url=https://acp.cd/genre/visite-de-reconfort-de-la-ministre-du-genre-a-lorphelinat-mama-koko-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ACP |language=fr-FR}}</ref> kuma ana nuna shi da acronym '''[[Fika|FPK]]''', <ref name=":0" /> kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba da gidaje kyauta, kulawa da lafiya, abinci, da ilimi ga yara marasa lafiya, waɗanda aka watsar, da marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kinshasa |first=U. S. Embassy |date=2016-07-07 |title=Community Service at Mama Koko Orphanage |url=https://cd.usembassy.gov/community-service-mama-koko-orphanage/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=U.S. Embassy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2016 |title=Voyage à la Pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Trip to Kimbondo Pediatrics |url=https://opusdei.org/fr-ch/article/voyage-a-la-pediatrie-de-kimbondo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Opusdei.org |language=French}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-28 |title=Kinshasa: la pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers - Democratic Republic of the Congo |trans-title=Kinshasa: Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/kinshasa-la-p-diatrie-de-kimbondo-dot-e-des-mat-riels-hospitaliers |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radio Okapi |language=French}}</ref> Yana da dabarun da ke cikin unguwar Kimbondo na garin Mont Ngafula, kilomita 35 daga Downtown Kinshasa a yankin yammacin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 10, 2018 |title=La Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo remercie RAWBANK |trans-title=The Kimbondo Pediatric Foundation thanks RAWBANK |url=https://www.mediacongo.net/publireportage-reportage-38211_la_fondation_pediatrique_de_kimbondo_remercie_rawbank.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.mediacongo.net |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dibonga |first=Yolande |title=Fondation Kimbondo, 28 ans au service des enfants orphelins |url=https://www.africanewsrdc.net/societe/fondation-kimbondo-28-ans-service-enfants-orphelins/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=AfricaNews RDC |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lydie |first=Manzu |date=September 30, 2020 |title=L'orphelinat de Kimbondo remercie Béatrice Lomeya |trans-title=Kimbondo orphanage thanks Béatrice Lomeya |url=https://ouragan.cd/2020/09/lorphelinat-de-kimbondo-remercie-beatrice-lomeya/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ouragan.cd |language=FR}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == FPK kungiya ce ta kiwon lafiya tare da ɗakunan don fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiya kamar su "magungunan gaba ɗaya, ilimin zuciya, tarin fuka na huhu da kwarangwal, binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje, ultrasound, radiology, da ƙarin jini". Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi gidaje da aka keɓe don karɓar yara da aka watsar da marayu. Kimanin mutane 60, galibi iyaye tare da 'ya'yansu, suna neman taimakon likita a waje da FPK. Gidan yana ba da gadaje 200 don kulawa mai tsawo, yana ba da abinci ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da tarin fuka ko Cututtukan zuciya. Ita ce Babban asibiti da ke cikin yankin kiwon lafiya na Mont Ngafula II. Gidan marayu yana da kusan yara 500 da matasa. == Tarihi == An kafa shi a cikin 1989 da Laura Perna, farfesa a jami'ar Italiya mai ritaya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bola |first=Joana |last2=Pomme |first2=Miriam |last3=Ngonga |first3=Hornella |date=March 11, 2019 |title=La journée internationale des droits des femmes célébrée par l'AFT-CENCO dans la solidarité avec les orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=International Women's Rights Day celebrated by AFT-CENCO in solidarity with the orphans of Kimbondo |url=https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Caritasdev |language=fr-fr |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://www.caritasdev.cd/new/actualites/la-journee-internationale-des-droits-des-femmes-celebree-par-l-aft-cenco-dans-la-solidarite-avec-les-orphelins-de-kibombo |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma mahaifin Chilean, El Padre Hugo Ríos Diaz daga mishan na Claretian,<ref>{{Cite web |title=El Padre Hugo – El milagro para los niños del Congo |url=http://www.kimbondo.cl/el-padre-hugo/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Kimbondo.cl |language=Spanish }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bustos |first=Nataly Valeria Sanchez |title=Hugo Ríos El padre de los niños |url=https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=cl.socialab.com |language=es |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125834/https://cl.socialab.com/challenges/camiseteados2017/idea/38802 |url-status=dead }}</ref> kungiyar ta fara ne da karamin kantin magani kyauta da taimakon abinci ga yara da iyalai masu bukata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahamba |first=Lucie |date=2017-12-04 |title=un ouf de soulagement pour les malades et travailleurs de la pédiatrie de Mama koko |trans-title=a sigh of relief for the patients and workers of Mama Koko's pediatrics |url=https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Geopolismagazine.net |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222125833/https://geopolismagazine.net/un-ouf-de-soulagement-pour-les-malades-et-travailleurs-de-la-pediatrie-de-mama-koko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Pediatric Hospital of Kimbondo |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Da yake shawo kan kalubale kuma tare da gudummawa daga abokai da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, Hugo da Perna sun canza kantin magani zuwa asibitin marayu, mai suna "Mama Koko Orphanage" don girmamawa ga Perna.<ref name=":2" /> A shekara ta 2002, gidan marayu ya sami wakilci na doka da kuma amincewa a matsayin Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo (Fondation Pédiatrique de Kimbondo; FPK) a bin ka'idar Kongo.<ref name=":0"/> An ba da izini don horar da likita a cikin 2000, kuma FPK ta sami amincewa don ayyukanta na al'umma da na lantarki a cikin shekara ta 2001.<ref name=":0" /> === Kyauta === Kyauta, kamar kwantena biyu daga Ms. Hettinger a watan Maris na shekara ta 2005 da kuma gudummawar shinkafa mai yawa daga gwamnatin Italiya a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005, sun goyi bayan asibitin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Musangu |first=Fidèle |date=March 21, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mme Hettinger fait un don de deux containers à l'hôpital pédiatrique de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ms. Hettinger donates two containers to the Kimbondo pediatric hospital |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200503211318.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lephareonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tshibuabua |first=Espérance |date=May 28, 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Le PAM en appui à la pédiatrie de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: WFP in support of Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200505300028.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008, Taimako ga Yara Masu Rashin Hanci a Afirka (AEDA) daga [[Finland]] sun ba asibitin jakar [[shinkafa]], [[sukari]], da kayan madara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2008 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ongd basée en Finlande - L'AEDA vient à la rescousse des orphelins de Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: NGO based in Finland - AEDA comes to the rescue of Kimbondo orphans |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200811040349.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> Elikia Na Biso, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Kongo-Sweden, ta ba da kayan aiki ga nakasassu a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Véron |date=November 20, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Du matériel pour enfants handicapés à la pédiatrie Kimbondo |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Mont-Ngafula - Equipment for disabled children at Kimbondo pediatrics |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211200628.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mupompa |first=Donatien Ngandu |date=December 12, 2012 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Les dons de l'Ong "Elikia Na Biso " aux enfants handicapés bloqués par la douane |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Donations from the NGO "Elikia Na Biso" to disabled children blocked by customs |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201211121523.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lepotentiel.cd/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, kungiyar ba da agaji ta Sweden Elikya ta ba da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya, wanda ya kunshi gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tiyata, tarin kusan kekunan guragu ɗari, kujeru masu kwanciyar hankali, da ƙarin abubuwa 500 da aka tsara don mutanen da ke da nakasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2014 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La pédiatrie de Kimbondo dotée des matériels hospitaliers |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo pediatrics equipped with hospital equipment |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201404270181.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Radiookapi.net/ |language=French}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, FPK ta kaddamar da shigarwar photovoltaic ta 100-kilowatt wanda Ƙungiyar Terna da sauran masu ba da gudummawa da yawa suka tallafawa, wanda ya kai sama da £ 500,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inana |first=Kevin |date=December 3, 2017 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - La Pédiatrie de Kimbondo inaugure une installation photovoltaïque de 100 Kw |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Kinshasa - Kimbondo Pediatrics inaugurates a 100 Kw photovoltaic installation |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201712040467.html |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Laprosperiteonline.net/ |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A tsawon lokaci, FPK ta fadada yankinta da ayyukanta, tare da manyan yankuna huɗu. Wadannan sun hada da asibitin, wanda ke ba da masauki na dogon lokaci 200 ga yara da ke fama da tarin fuka ko cututtukan zuciya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hospital |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/hospital |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2"/> Har ila yau, yana da gidajen mafaka da ke karɓar kusan yara 500 da aka watsar ko marayu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shelters |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/shelters |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Cibiyar tana alfahari da Makarantar Saint Claret, wadda aka gina a shekara ta 2009, tana ba da ilimi kyauta daga Kula da rana zuwa matakin makarantar sakandare ga ƙananan baƙi na asibiti da yara marasa galihu a cikin garin Mont Ngafula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saint Claret School |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/saint-claret-school |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gidauniyar Pediatric ta Kimbondo kuma tana kula da Yankin noma mai girman hekta 900, wanda aka raba zuwa samar da amfanin gona (hectare 500) da [[Kiwo|gonar dabbobi]] (hectara 400), samar da abinci ga yara a asibiti, makaranta, da mafaka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Agricultural Area |url=http://hubforkimbondo.it/index.php/en/pediatric-hospital-of-kimbondo/agricultural-area |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=hubforkimbondo.it |language=French |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kogin da ke raba yankin yana tallafawa noman amfanin gona, gami da [[masara]], [[Rogo|manioc]], ''ananas'', [[wake]], [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], da kuma yankin gwaji don samar da Artemisia.<ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, akwai masauki ga Ma'aikatan gona da kuma tsarin don sarrafa manioc zuwa gari.<ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{reflist|2}} gbu9iofsxl2d9p9l8n071u4z8zhny9v 0 81404 823806 817983 2026-04-21T19:11:25Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:1957_Mao_Zedong_on_airplane.jpg|1957_Mao_Zedong_on_airplane.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: Not PD in the US; as of the URAA date, only works from 1945 or before were public domain in Chin 823806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Shan taba a kasar Sin''' ya zama ruwan dare, saboda [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]] ita ce mafi yawan mabukaci da kuma samar da taba a duniya. {{As of|2022}}, akwai kusan masu shan sigari miliyan 300 na kasar Sin, kuma ana sayar da sigari biliyan 2.4 a can a kowace shekara, 46% na jimlar duniya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=McLure |first=James |last2=Chan |first2=Jude |last3=Zou |first3=Manyun |last4=Giesen |first4=Christoph |date=13 September 2023 |title=How China became addicted to its tobacco monopoly |url=https://www.theexamination.org/articles/how-china-became-addicted-to-its-tobacco-monopoly |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=The Examination |language=en}}</ref> Kamfanin Taba na Kasa na kasar Sin ta hanyar tallace-tallace shine mafi girman masana'antar kayayyakin taba a duniya kuma yana alfahari da mallakar kasar Sin, yana samar da kusan dala biliyan 213 a shekarar 2022.<ref name=":0" /> A cikin tsarin ''guanxi'' na kasar Sin, taba har yanzu kyauta ce mai karba a kowane lokaci, musamman a waje da birane.<ref>Zachary C. Rich, and Shuiyuan Xiao. "Tobacco as a social currency: cigarette gifting and sharing in China." ''Nicotine & Tobacco Research'' 14.3 (2012): 258-263. </ref> Kula da taba sigari ya wanzu a matsayin haramtacciyar shan sigari, amma tilasta wa jama'a ba ta da yawa a waje da manyan biranen, kamar Shanghai da Beijing. Bugu da kari, a waje da manyan biranen kasar Sin, shan sigari ana daukarsa abin karba a ko'ina a kowane lokaci, koda kuwa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2023}}Shan taba al'ada ce ta zamantakewa a cikin PRC, kuma ba da sigari a kowane hulda na zamantakewa alama ce ta girmamawa da abokantaka. Kungiyar China kan Kula da taba sigari (中国控制吸烟协会 ) tana da hannu a kula da taba sigari ta hanyar mambobin bangaren sa kai, gami da kungiyoyin ilimi, zamantakewa da na jama'a, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese Association on Smoking Control |url=http://www.catcprc.org.cn/xiehuijianjie/enxiehuijianjie.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924023931/http://www.catcprc.org.cn/xiehuijianjie/enxiehuijianjie.html |archive-date=2011-09-24 |access-date=2009-12-25}}</ref> saboda tilasta aiwatar da dokokin kula da taba da ke akwai ba ta da goyon bayan Gwamnatin kasar Sin. <ref name="ChinaSmoke">{{Cite journal |last=Cheng Li |date=October 2012 |title=The Political Mapping of China's Tobacco Industry and Anti-Smoking Campaign |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Papers/2012/10/25%20china%20tobacco%20li/25%20china%20tobacco%20li.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=John L. Thornton China Center Monograph Series |publisher=Brookings Institution |issue=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524174933/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Papers/2012/10/25%20china%20tobacco%20li/25%20china%20tobacco%20li.pdf |archive-date=May 24, 2013 |access-date=November 11, 2012 |quote=...the tobacco industry is one of the largest sources of tax revenue for the Chinese government. Over the past decade, the tobacco industry has consistently contributed 7-10 percent of total annual central government revenues...}}</ref> == Dokar kula da taba sigari == [[Fayil:No_smoking_symbol.svg|right|thumb|120x120px|Alamar da ba ta shan sigari ta duniya ana watsi da ita akai-akai a kasar Sin]] A ranar 20 ga Mayu, 2009, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta kasar Sin ta ba da shawarar hukuma don hana shan sigari gaba daya a duk ofisoshin kula da lafiya da wuraren kiwon lafiya a shekara ta 2011. <ref name="decision">Middleton, J. [http://tobacco.cleartheair.org.hk/2009/05/23/from-2011-smoking-will-be-banned-completely-in-the-medical-and-healthcare-system/ From 2011, Smoking Will Be Banned Completely in the Medical and Healthcare System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602083429/http://tobacco.cleartheair.org.hk/2009/05/23/from-2011-smoking-will-be-banned-completely-in-the-medical-and-healthcare-system/ |date=2009-06-02 }}. Clear the Air. 23 May 2009.</ref> Kafa shirin na 20 ga Mayu ya wakilci muhimmiyar alama a cikin sadaukarwar kasar Sin ga kula da taba. Koyaya, saboda rikitarwa na gwamnatin kasar Sin da manufofin taba sigari (alal misali, yankuna da yawa sun dogara da kudaden shiga na harajin taba sigari a matsayin tushen samun kudin shiga), akwai damuwa da yawa game da amfanin aiwatar da manufofin kasa.<ref name="7cities">Paddock, C. [http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/176355.php China To Ban Smoking In 7 Cities: Pilot Project]. Medical News Today. 18 January 2010.</ref> Baya ga ma'auni na 20 ga Mayu, gwamnatocin lardin da na birni da yawa a kasar Sin sun kuma kafa manufofi don sarrafa yaduwa da tasirin lafiyar shan sigari a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. === Tasirin Yarjejeniyar Tsarin WHO kan Kula da Taba === A ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2005, kasar Sin ta zama kasa ta 78 a duniya da ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Tsarin WHO kan Kula da Taba sigari (FCTC), yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa da aka nufa don rage cututtukan da suka shafi taba sigari da mutuwa.<ref>Travis, K. [https://archive.today/20120709121415/http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/97/19/1404 China Ratifies International Tobacco Treaty]. ''Journal of the National Cancer Institute''. Oxford University Press. 2005, 97 (19): 1404.</ref> A karkashin yanayin FCTC, ana bukatar kasar Sin ta haramta gaba daya "tabawa da tallafawa a rediyo, talabijin, kafofin watsa labarai da Intanet a cikin shekaru biyar, " da kuma hana kamfanonin taba sigari daga tallafawa abubuwan da suka faru ko ayyukan duniya. <ref name="WHO">[https://web.archive.org/web/20051031151058/http://www.wpro.who.int/media_centre/press_releases/pr_20050830.htm China joins the global war on smoking]. World Health Organization Regional Office of the West Pacific. 2005-2010.</ref><ref name="tobjour">[http://www.tobaccojournal.com/China_ratifies_FCTC.47216.0.html China Ratifies FCTC] ''Tobacco Journal International.'' World Tobacco. 29 Aug 2005.</ref> Har ila yau, kasar Sin ta yanke shawarar hana dukkan injunan sayar da taba, da kuma shan taba a wuraren aiki na cikin gida, wuraren jama'a, da motocin sufuri na jama'a. <ref name="tobjour" /><ref name="promote">Miao, X.; Cong, W. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100323200435/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-03/10/c_13205579.htm Ahead of World Expo, China acts to promote smoking controls]. [[Xinhua]] News Agency. 10 March 2010.</ref> Duk da yaduwar matsalar shan sigari ta kasar Sin, tabbatar da FCTC a kasar Sin yana wakiltar muhimmiyar sadaukarwa ga kula da taba a cikin manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na duniya. A cewar Dokta Shigeru Omi, Darakta na Yammacin Yammacin Pacific, "aikace Yarjejeniyar ba za ta kasance mai sauki ba, saboda shan sigari al'ada ce a kasar Sin ... amma Gwamnati ta bayyana jajircewarta na daukar mataki. " <ref name="WHO" /> A cikin hasken FCTC, damuwa game da hoton kasa da kasa, da goyon baya mai karfi daga 'yan kasa da hukumomin kiwon lafiya na cikin gida, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta kara shiga cikin rigakafin taba da shirye-shiryen inganta lafiyar da suka shafi taba. === Rahoton Ma'aikatar Lafiya === Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta riga ta ci gaba da kasancewa da hannu sosai wajen sukar mummunan tasirin shan sigari da kuma kokarin rage yawan amfani da taba. A ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2007, Ma'aikatar ta fitar da wani rahoto (2007年中国控制 shan sigari rahoton - Rahoton Kula da Shan sigari na 2007 China) wanda ke ba da cikakkun bayanai game da matakan firgici na bayyanar hayaki na biyu (wanda ya shafi sama da 'yan kasar Sin miliyan 540), shawarwari don doka don rage lahani daga hayaki na baya, da kuma yiwuwar aiwatar da haramtacciyar taba na jama'a bisa ga bayanan zabe.<ref name="ministry">[http://tobaccofreecenter.org/press_release/2007/05/29/chinese_health_ministry_releases_landmark_anti_smoking_report Chinese Health Ministry Releases Landmark Anti-Smoking Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831063752/http://tobaccofreecenter.org/press_release/2007/05/29/chinese_health_ministry_releases_landmark_anti_smoking_report |date=2011-08-31 }}. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. 29 May 2007.</ref> Musamman, rahoton ya amince da yarjejeniyar kimiyya ta duniya game da hayaki na biyu, yana ambaton binciken da yawa daga hukumomin kiwon lafiya na jama'a a wasu ƙasashe <ref name="ministry" /> don tabbatar da cewa "babu wani matakin aminci na bayyanar hayaki na hannu na biyu", <ref name="ministry" /> cewa kayan aikin iska ba su da tasiri wajen rage lahani daga bayyanar hayakin hannu na biyu, kuma cewa mafi inganci na kariya ga jama'a game da shan sigari shine haramtacciyar doka ta shan sigari a wuraren jama'a.<ref name="seven">(Simplified Chinese) [http://www.moh.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/wsb/pwsyw/200804/25920.htm 2007年中国控制吸烟报告发布] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229133221/http://www.moh.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/wsb/pwsyw/200804/25920.htm |date=2012-02-29 }} Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. 2006.</ref> Tare da manufar da aka bayyana a bayyane na "gina mahalli marar hayaki don jin daɗin rayuwa mai lafiya", <ref name="ministry" /> rahoton ya sami goyon baya da yabo mai ƙarfi daga Kamfen don Yara marasa Taba, ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari ta kiwon lafiya ta Amurka da ke zaune a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]].<ref name="seven" /> Bugu da kari, rahoton ya ba da shawarar yiwuwar samun nasara don aiwatar da cikakkiyar haramtacciyar shan sigari a cikin manyan birane guda bakwai bisa ga nuna goyon baya ga irin wadannan matakan.<ref name="ministry"/> Dangane da bincike na Kamfen don Yara marasa Taba sigari, bayanan zabe a cikin rahoton Ma'aikatar Lafiya sun bayyana: "Taimakon jama'a da yawa don aiwatar da wuraren jama'a marasa hayaki ... goyon baya ga haramcin shan sigari ya wuce goyon baya ga takunkumin shan sigari ... Daga cikin masu shan sigari, binciken ya gano cewa kashi 93.5% sun goyi bayan haramtacciyar haramtacciya a duk makarantu, kashi 75.5% sun goyan bayan haramtaccen haramtacciyan haramtacciyu a asibitoci, kuma kashi 94.3% sun goyi bayar haramtacciin haramtacciyo a duk sufuri na jama'a. Daga cikin wadanda ba masu shan sigari ba, kashi 95.1% suna goyon bayan haramtacciyar haramtacciya a duk makarantu, kashi 78.1% suna goyon baya ga haramtacciyan haramtacciyu a asibitoci kuma sama da kashi 93.8% suna goyon bayan hana haramtacciyyar haramtaccen sufuri na jama'a. Kimanin kashi 70.6% na wadanda ba masu shan sigari ba suna tallafawa wasu nau'ikan haramta shan sigari a mashaya da gidajen cin abinci.<ref name="ministry"/> === haramtacciyar kasa === Kodayake har yanzu kasar Sin tana bayan kasashe da yawa wajen aiwatar da manufofin kula da taba, shirin Ma'aikatar Lafiya na 20 ga Mayu ya taimaka wajen kafa karin kula da taba sigari da kuma tsara ikon kiwon lafiyar jama'a a manyan matakan gudanarwa.<ref>Walker, B. [http://www.ebusinessforum.com/index.asp?layout=rich_story&doc_id=11334&title=China+tobacco%3A+A+tough+habit+to+break&channelid=4&categoryid=30 China tobacco: A tough habit to break]. Global Technology Forum. 26 September 2007.</ref> Daga shekara ta 2009, an tsara ayyukan da Bloomberg Initiative ta tallafawa kuma Yang Tingzhong ya jagoranta a matsayin shirin farko don hana duk wani nau'in shan sigari a makarantun jami'a a kasar Sin.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Yang T, Yang X, Lv Q, Zhao Q, Ke X |year=2009 |title=Special communication: China's first historic efforts to develop a tobacco control advocacy workforce via schools of public health |journal=Tob Control |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=422–4 |doi=10.1136/tc.2009.031815 |pmc=2745560 |pmid=19622521}}</ref> "Sakamako" na Ma'aikatar ta nemi a hukumance hukumomin karamar hukuma da su "samar da hukumomin FCTC da ke jagorantar kananan kungiyoyi" don taimakawa tare da dabarun tilasta aiki na yanki, tare da bayyane burin cewa:<ref name="decision"/><blockquote>"a shekara ta 2010, duk ofisoshin kula da lafiya, na soja da wadanda ba na soja ba, da kuma akalla kashi 50% na dukkan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da kiwon lafiya ya zama raka'a marasa hayaki, don haka burin haramta shan sigari a duk ofisoshi na kiwon lafiya le cibiyoyin lafiya da kiwo da kiwon lafiyar jiki za a iya cika su ta hanyar 2011. "<ref name="decision"/></blockquote>"Sakamako" kuma yana karfafa ofisoshin kula da lafiya su yi amfani da albarkatun kafofin watsa labarai da kuma yin amfani da manyan kamfen din talla kamar Ranar Babu Taba sigari ta Duniya don "daidaita muhimmancin aiwatar da haramcin shan sigari a ofisoshin soja da na kiwon lafiya na farar hula da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya". <ref name="decision"/> ==== Ra'ayi na jama'a ==== Kamar yadda kuri'un da aka yi daga rahoton Ma'aikatar Lafiya na 2007 suka nuna, akwai amincewar jama'a game da haramtacciyar shan sigari tsakanin mazaunan birane.<ref name="seven"/> Masana kiwon lafiya daban-daban, masu fafutuka, da kungiyoyin kare hakkin jama'a suna kallon kokarin da gwamnatin kasar Sin ke yi game da manufofin taba sigari a matsayin "labari mai kyau ga ci gaban kula da shan sigari na kasar". Har ila yau, akwai goyon baya mai kyau a cikin bangaren siyasa na wakilci; ana zargin, masu ba da shawara na siyasa na CPPCC sun kai ga kiran zaman majalisa ba tare da hayaki ba. <ref name="promote"/> Koyaya, yaduwar rashin kulawa da karbar ka'idodin shan sigari na iya zama mafi rinjaye a cikin yawancin jama'ar kasar Sin. Kasar Sin tana da karancin rashin amincewar jama'a game da shan sigari - bisa ga [[International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project|Shirin Binciken Manufofin Kula da Taba na Duniya]] (ITC), "kashi 59% na masu shan sigari suna tunanin cewa al'ummar kasar Sin ba su yarda da shan sigogi ba, kashi na hudu mafi kasashe 14 na ITC da aka bincika. "<ref name="itc"/> ==== Rashin jituwa da batutuwan da ba a warware su ba ==== Idan aka ba da rikitarwa da kuma nau'o'i daban-daban na ajanda na siyasa a kasar Sin, abubuwan da suka shafi lafiyar jama'a na gwamnati galibi suna rikici da abubuwan da suka dace da tattalin arziki. Saboda taba ya kasance muhimmiyar tushen hadarin kiwon lafiya da kudaden shiga ga hukumomin birni da na kasa, <ref name="7cities"/> takamaiman manufofin kula da taba na kasar Sin a cikin mahallin daban-daban na iya cin amanar matsayi na rikice-rikice ko rashin daidaituwa. Misali, sau da yawa ana yin kebancewar gida ga haramtacciyar sigari a cikin gida ga kananan kasuwanni, musamman a cikin gidan cin abinci da masana'antun nishadi.<ref name="thi1">[http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/china-relaxes-smoking-ban-in-beijing-restaurants_10037716.html China relaxes smoking ban in Beijing restaurants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220005250/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/china-relaxes-smoking-ban-in-beijing-restaurants_10037716.html |date=2020-02-20 }}. Thaindian News. 14 April 2008.</ref> Irin wannan tilasta bin ka'idojin kiwon lafiya na jama'a da ake zaton an bayyana su sosai a aikace na iya iyakance tasirin haramtacciyar shan sigari ta kasa. A aikace, sau da yawa ana iya cewa wasu ofisoshin gwamnati, makarantu, gidajen tarihi, wasu asibitoci, da wuraren wasanni ne kawai ke aiki yadda ya kamata a matsayin wuraren da ba su da hayaki.<ref name="still">[http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/health1/60-percent-doctors-in-china-still-smoke_100354411.html 60 percent doctors in China still smoke] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221163726/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/health1/60-percent-doctors-in-china-still-smoke_100354411.html |date=2020-02-21 }}. Thaindian News. 27 April 2010.</ref> Bugu da kari, tushen al'adu na shan sigari a kasar Sin ya gabatar da babbar shinge ga karbar da hadin gwiwar manufofin kula da shan sigari. A cewar Li Xinhua, gwani a kan tallace-tallace na sarrafa taba da ilimi a Ma'aikatar Lafiya, "kimanin kashi 60 cikin dari na ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da farfesa masu shan sigari ne [kuma ta haka ne a keta dokar da ke kira ga cikakken haramcin shan sigari na jama'a] ... Wasu daga cikinsu har ma da shan sigari da karfin zuciya a asibitoci ko makarantu. " Wannan matsala ce, ba tare da la'akari da wadannan masu sana'a suna ci gaba da shan sigogi ba, al'ada ba, ko "rashin kulawa" don sha'awar sha'awar taba sigari, har yanzu ana sa ran su "suka".<ref name="still" /><ref name="still" /> Har ila yau, aiwatar da manufofin kula da taba sigari na kasa har yanzu yana da yawa a yankunan karkara, inda Kamfanin Taba sigari na kasar Sin ke da yawancin tasirinsa a cikin samar da taba sigogi da talla.A matsayin martani ga shawarwarin FCTC don rage damar shiga da kuma samar da taba, Ma'aikatar Lafiya yanzu tana niyya ga manoma su bar gonar taba da kuma kokarin "tabbatar da su cewa masana'antar taba za a iya maye gurbin ta da wasu masana'antun da suka fi lafiya, masu dorewa da riba". <ref name="still"/> Wani cikas mai yuwuwa shine masana'antar taba sigari ta kasar Sin ba ta cika cikakkiyar bin manufofi da aka ayyana a cikin kasa game da gabatar da alamun gargadi a kan kunshin sigari, wanda dole ne ya kasance a bayyane kuma ya rufe akalla kashi 30% na yankin da ake gani na kunshin.<ref name="seven"/> Wu Yiqun, mataimakin darektan zartarwa tare da Cibiyar Bincike ta Tunanin Kula da Lafiya ta [[Beijing]], ta soki gwamnatin kula da masana'antar taba sigari ta kasar Sin saboda "[rashin] kula da masu samar da taba sigari na kasar Sin" a wannan bangare.<ref name="promote"/> Bugu da kari, [[International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project|Shirin Binciken Manufofin Kula da Taba na Duniya]] ya kawo batutuwan shan sigari masu zuwa a cikin rahoton 2009 da ya mayar da hankali ga China: <ref name="itc"/> * Baya ga "matsi mai karfi na zamantakewa da aka sanya wa mazajen kasar Sin su sha sigari", ana sa ran cewa shan sigari na mata zai zama "mafi karba a cikin al'umma yayin da masana'antar taba sigari ke kara yin niyya ga masu shan sigari mata".<ref name="itc">[http://itcconference.com/ITCWorkshopResources/ITCprojectCountryBrochures/ITCChina4pagerV120single.pdf ITC China Summary]. International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project. February 2009.</ref> Dokar kula da taba sigari ta yanzu a kasar Sin ba ta magana a bayyane game da jinsi ko tushen zamantakewa don shan sigari. * Dakatar da shan sigari "ba a saba gani ba a kasar Sin, kuma yawancin masu shan sigari sun daina shan sigari saboda rashin lafiya mai tsanani. " Lalle ne, "sanin hadarin lafiyar shan sigari yana da karancin gaske a kasar Sin. Kashi 68% na masu shan sigami sun yi imanin cewa shan sigari suna haifar da ciwon huhu a cikin masu shan sigogi (idan aka kwatanta da sama da 90% a Kasashen Yamma) kuma kashi 54% sun yi imani cewa shan sigogi yana haifar da ci gaban huhu a cikin wadanda ba masu shan sigiri ba. Kashi. Kashi 37% kawai sun san cewa shan sigiri suna haifar da Cutar zuciya kuma kashi 17% ne kawai suna haifar da [[bugun jini]].<ref name="itc"/> Don kula da karfi, mai dorewa a cikin kula da taba, kasar Sin za ta bukaci mayar da hankali kan rawar da ilimin kiwon lafiya na jama'a ke takawa wajen hana shan taba da inganta kiwon lafiya. * "Taxation hanya ce mai inganci sosai don rage amfani da taba. Koyaya, 'yan shan sigari kadan (5%) a cikin Binciken ITC China sun ba da rahoton tunanin farashi a matsayin dalilin barin shan sigari - alamar cewa farashi ya yi kasa sosai. " Dokokin haraji na yanzu a cikin manufofin kula da taba na kasar Sin suna da iyaka, ba daidai ba, kuma suna da alaka da tsarin tsarin mallakar gida da kula da samar da taba da rarrabawa. === Kuntatawa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki === A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2011, Hukumar Rediyo, Fim da Talabijin ta Jiha, ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta haramta wuraren shan sigari marasa kyau a fina-finai da shirye-shiryen talabijin. Sanarwar ta ce al'amuran shan sigari ba su dace da matsayin kasar game da kula da taba sigari ba, kuma suna yaudarar jama'a, musamman yara. Don haka yana hana wuraren sigari, mutane suna shan sigari a wuraren da ba su da hayaki, yara suna sayen sigari da shan sigari, da sauran wuraren shan sigari da ke da alaka da yara. Bayan an yi sanarwar, haramcin ya fara aiki nan da nan.<ref name="smoking scenes">[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-02/12/content_11996499.htm China moves to reduce smoking scenes on TV]. [[China Daily]]. 12 February 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2011.</ref> === Shirye-shiryen yanki da na birni === ==== Shanghai ==== Dangane da shirye-shiryen da take yi don karbar bakuncin baje kolin duniya na 2010, birnin [[Shanghai]] kwanan nan ya kara karfin dokokin hana shan sigari. Majalisar Jama'ar Shanghai ta ba da dokar kula da shan sigari ta farko a watan Maris na shekara ta 2010. Dokar ta haramta shan sigari a cikin nau'ikan wurare 12 na jama'a ciki har da shan sigari na cikin gida a makarantu, asibitoci, filayen wasanni, motocin sufuri na jama'ar jama'a da gidajen cin abinci na Intanet. Duk wanda aka kama yana shan sigari za a fara ba shi gargadi sannan ya fuskanci tarar yuan 50 zuwa 200 idan sun yi tsayayya. A cewar Li Zhongyang, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin inganta kiwon lafiya na Shanghai, an kafa haramcin shan sigari don kare lafiyar 'yan kasa da kuma inganta hoton Shanghai a matsayin birni mai duniya. A cewar wani rahoto daga Cibiyar Binciken Labaran Jami'ar Fudan da Ra'ayoyin Jama'a, kashi 93.5% na mutane 509 da suka yi hira da su sun goyi bayan haramta shan sigari a duk wuraren baje kolin Shanghai 2010 kuma sun ji cewa bai kamata a ba da izinin shan sigari ba a cikin gidajen cin abinci ko cibiyoyin cin kasuwa kusa da yankin baje kolin.<ref name="most">[http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/6875993.html Most hope for smoke-free Shanghai Expo]. [[People's Daily]]. 22 January 2010.</ref> Wani binciken da masana kiwon lafiya na jama'a daga Jami'ar Fudan suka yi wanda ya shafi baki 800 na otal da kusan masu tallafawa 4,000 da ma'aikatan gidajen cin abinci, shagunan da wuraren nishadi a Shanghai sun gano cewa kusan kashi 73 cikin dari na baƙi na otal sun ce Shanghai ya kamata ta karbi haramcin shan sigari a wuraren jama'a, kashi 84 cikin dari na masu cin abinci sun ba da rahoton fuskantar hayaki na biyu, kuma kashi 74 cikin dari na su sun yi fushi da hayaki da tallafawa sarrafa shan sigari.<ref>[http://www.china.org.cn/environment/health_green_living/2009-02/27/content_17344027.htm Expert calls for complete smoking ban]. China.org.cn. 27 February 2009.</ref> Duk da yake masu tambayoyin da yawa sun sami hayaki na biyu da kansa mai guba kuma yana da lahani ga lafiyar dan kasa, babban dalilin da ya sa aka ba da goyon baya ga haramcin shan sigari ya danganta da damuwar dan kasa game da hoton Shanghai. A cewar wani dan kasa wanda masana kiwon lafiya na jama'a daga Fudan suka yi hira, "An haramta shan taba a wuraren jama'a a kasashe da yawa. Ya kamata mu yi haka, akalla a lokacin baje kolin, tunda taron duniya ne. Kuma ba shakka, saboda jama'a da za su ziyarci. " <ref name="most" /> Ga masu shirya baje kolin ahụ, akwai kuma batun munafunci idan ba su magance matsalar shan taba na China a matsayin wani bangare na "Saalthy Expo" ba. Duk da goyon baya ga haramcin shan sigari na Shanghai, mutane da yawa suna jin shakku game da ainihin aiwatar da dokar. Mazaunan Shanghai sun nuna cewa duk da gaskiyar cewa yawancin kantin sayar da kayayyaki da duk tashoshin karkashin kasa da tashoshin jirgin karkashin kasa sun riga sun haramta shan sigari kafin wannan dokar, akwai karancin bin doka kuma mutane galibi suna shan sigari kai tsaye a gaban alamun NO SMOKING.<ref>Kurtenbach, E. [http://politics.gaeatimes.com/2010/03/02/shanghai-scrambles-to-implement-ban-on-smoking-in-indoor-public-places-ahead-of-world-expo-21504/ Shanghai scrambles to implement ban on smoking in indoor public places ahead of World Expo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501201528/http://politics.gaeatimes.com/2010/03/02/shanghai-scrambles-to-implement-ban-on-smoking-in-indoor-public-places-ahead-of-world-expo-21504/ |date=2020-05-01 }}. Taragana. 2010.</ref> Daya daga cikin damuwa da mazaunan Shanghai ke da shi game da haramcin shine rashin bayyanawa game da wanda zai yi tarar da kuma wanda zai ba da rahoton laifuffukan. Masana kiwon lafiya na jama'a sun yarda cewa zai zama da wahala a tilasta haramtacciyar doka tare da yawan masu shan sigari da ke Shanghai.<ref name="most"/> Baya ga wuce haramcin shan sigari, 'yan majalisa na Shanghai sun tsara shafin yanar gizon "Smoke Free Shanghai" <ref>[http://www.smokefreeshanghai.org/process.asp 无烟上海] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306074043/http://www.smokefreeshanghai.org/process.asp |date=2012-03-06 }}. Smoke-Free Shanghai. Retrieved 29 April 2010.</ref> don wayar da kan jama'a game da shan sigari. Har ila yau, mafi mahimmancin matakin da aka dauka shi ne cewa masu shirya baje kolin sun ki bayar da gudummawar yuan miliyan 200 ($ 29.3 miliyan) daga Kamfanin Taba na Shanghai a shekarar da ta gabata don kula da matsayinsu na "mai lafiya". ==== Beijing ==== Dangane da wucewar shirye-shiryen taba na kasa da kuma tallace-tallace na kasa da kasa don Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2008, gwamnatin birnin [[Beijing]] ta tsawaita haramcin shan sigari na jama'a a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2008 don hadawa da wuraren wasanni da duk wuraren cikin gida na ofisoshin gwamnati, tashoshin sufuri, makarantu da asibitoci.<ref name="five">Chen, J. [http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-07/15/content_6845948.htm Smoking ban gains momentum]. China Daily. 15 July 2008.</ref> Harin yana da tasiri mai karfi, tare da sakamakon zabe da ke nuna cewa yawancin mazaunan kasar Sin (69% daga cikin masu amsawa sama da 10,000) "ba wai kawai suna sane da haramcin shan sigari a Beijing ba, amma [95% na masu amsawa] suna fatan cewa hukumomi suna inganta matakin a duk fadin kasar".<ref name="five" /> A cewar China Daily News: <ref name="five"/><blockquote> "Binciken ya kuma nuna cewa kashi 81.6 cikin dari na masu amsawa suna da sha'awar dakatar da shan sigari, ko kuma sun ji labarin dangin da abokai da ke la'akari da yin amfani da al'ada. 'Ina farin ciki da irin wannan karfafawa daga jama'a, zai taimaka wajen inganta doka don sarrafa amfani da taba,' [in ji] Jiang Yuan, mataimakin shugaban ofishin kula da taba a karkashin Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta kasar Sin".</blockquote> Gwamnatin Beijing ta kuma karbi manufofin rinjaye, hade da tarar har zuwa yuan 5,000 ($ 730) don keta haramcin, a cikin kokari na kara karfafa 'yan kasa su rage shan sigari a fili.<ref name="five"/> Tasirin lafiyar jama'a kai tsaye na haramcin shan sigari na Beijing ya bayyana a fagen rigakafin wuta.<ref>[http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90884/6408317.html Smoking ban helps reduce fires in Beijing]. People's Daily Online. 12 May 2008.</ref> A cewar People's Daily,<blockquote>"Hakkin shan sigari ya rage yawan gobarar da aka samu a cikin birni da sigari fiye da rabi ... A cikin makon farko na wannan watan, rundunar kashe gobara ta Beijing ta kashe gobarar da ta shafi sigari guda takwas, matsakaicin 1.14 a kowace rana ... Sabon matsakaicin yau da kullun [bayan dakatar da shan sigari] ya kasance kasa da rabin abin da aka ruwaito a cikin watanni hudu na farko na wannan shekara, lokacin da masu kashe gobarar birni suka kashe gobarar 325 da sigari suka haifar, ko 2.7 a kowace rana. "</blockquote> ==== Lardin Guangdong ==== A cikin 2007, [[Guangzhou]] da Jiangmen sun zama birane biyu na farko na Guangdong don aiwatar da gwaji na haramtacciyar taba sigari a wasu wuraren jama'a.<ref>[http://www.newsgd.com/news/guangdong1/200704100038.htm Guangdong to launch stricter smoking ban at public places] 2007-04-10</ref> Wuraren jama'a don hana shan sigari sun hada da gidajen cin abinci, wuraren nishadi, makarantu, manyan kantuna, da ofisoshin gwamnati. Koyaya, a watan Maris na shekara ta 2010, Majalisar Jama'a ta Guangzhou ta shirya don daga haramcin shan sigari a wuraren aiki, gami da ofisoshi, ɗakunan taro da dakunan taro. ==== Lardin Hubei ==== A shekara ta 2009, hukumomin Gongan County sun yi kokari su kara amfani da sigari da aka samar a cikin gida, ta hanyar bukatar cewa jami'an yankin su sha sigari har zuwa 23,000 na sigari na Hubei a kowace shekara. An yi niyyar wannan matakin ne don kawo kudaden shiga da ake bukata sosai ga kamfanonin cikin gida; hukumomin gundumar sun ba da kididdigar ga ofisoshin da ke karkashin ikonsa, wadanda kuma ana ci tarar su idan sun kasa cinye kididdigaren sigari da ake bukatu, ko kuma idan an same su suna siyan wasu nau'ikan samfuran taba. An sauya wannan shawarar bayan kukan jama'a da ɗaukar hoto ta manema labarai na duniya. ==== Sauran birane ==== Majalisar jama'ar [[Hangzhou]] ta amince da hana shan sigari a wuraren jama'a da wuraren aiki a farkon shekara ta 2010; ana iya hana shan sigami a wasu wurare kuma ana iya tarar masu keta doka har zuwa yuan 3000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=杭州控烟战：别处走过场 杭州则立法强力推行 |url=http://nf.nfdaily.cn/nfzm/content/2010-03/18/content_10233546.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301004202/http://nf.nfdaily.cn/nfzm/content/2010-03/18/content_10233546.htm |archive-date=2012-03-01 |access-date=2010-06-26}}</ref> Yang Tingzhong daga Jami'ar Zhejiang ta gudanar da kamfen da aikin da Bloomberg Global Initiative ta tallafawa don hana shan sigari a makarantun jami'o'i a duk fadin kasar. A cewar Medical News Today, manyan biranen lardin bakwai a kasar Sin suna daukar matakai don hana shan sigari a wuraren aiki da wuraren jama'a. Biranen bakwai sune [[Tianjin]], [[Chongqing]], Shenyang, [[Harbin]], Nanchang, Lanzhou da [[Shenzhen]]. Kodayake tuni akwai wasu haramtacciyar shan sigari a wurare a cikin wadannan biranen, jami'an gwamnati sun fahimci cewa yawan bin doka ba shi da yawa kuma suna shirin bayar da haramtacciya. Za a gudanar da sabon haramcin a matsayin aikin gwaji a karkashin hadin gwiwar Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Cututtuka ta kasar Sin (CDC) da Kungiyar Kasashen Duniya kan Cutar Tuberculosis da Cututtukan huhu (UNION). Da yake amsa zargi game da dokar da ba a aiwatar da ita ba, Wang Yu, darektan CDC na kasar Sin ya bayyana cewa "Wannan aikin zai haifar da dokoki masu tsauri don tabbatar da wuraren jama'a da wuraren aiki da ba su da hayaki da kuma gano hanyar aiki mai yiwuwa da karfi don aiwatar da haramcin shan sigari".<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2010 |title=China to Ban Smoking in 7 Cities: Pilot Project |url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/176355.php}}</ref> == Shan taba tsakanin likitoci == Wani binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2004 tsakanin likitocin kasar Sin 3,500 ya gano cewa kashi 23% masu shan sigari ne na yau da kullun. Akwai bambancin jinsi mai mahimmanci, tare da kashi 41% na likitocin maza da ke ba da rahoton cewa su masu shan sigari ne amma kashi 1% kawai na likitoci mata. Fiye da kashi daya bisa uku na masu shan sigari na yanzu sun sha sigari a gaban marasa lafiya kuma kusan duk sun sha sigami a lokacin canjin aikinsu.<ref name="ReferenceA">Jiang Y, Ong M K, Tong E K, et al. Chinese physicians and their smoking knowledge, attitudes and practices. Am Journal Prev Med 2007</ref> An gano likitocin maza suna shan taba fiye da kowane kwarewa.<ref name="ReferenceA">Jiang Y, Ong M K, Tong E K, et al. Chinese physicians and their smoking knowledge, attitudes and practices. Am Journal Prev Med 2007</ref> Wani binciken da aka gudanar tsakanin likitocin kasar Sin maza 800 a shekara ta 2004 ya gano cewa kashi 45.2% masu shan sigari ne kuma kashi 42.5% sun sha sigari a gaban marasa lafiya.<ref name="ReferenceB">Yao T, Ong M, Lee A, Jiang Y, Mao Z: Smoking knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and associated factors among Chinese male surgeons. World J Surg 2009</ref> Yawan shan sigari daga wadannan binciken masu zaman kansu sun fi kasa da wadanda jaridar kasar Sin ta ruwaito. Wani labarin da aka buga a shekara ta 2009 ya yi hira da wani majiya wanda ya yi ikirarin cewa kashi 60% na likitocin maza na kasar Sin masu shan sigari ne, kashi mafi girma fiye da kowane likitocin kasar a duniya.<ref>Dingding, Xin. Smoke-free list extends to healthcare facilities. China Daily. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/life/2009-12/11/content_9161633.htm</ref> {{As of|2023}}, kusan fiye da kashi daya cikin uku na likitocin kasar Sin an kiyasta su masu shan sigari ne.<ref name=":0"/> === Kwatanta da sauran al'ummomi === Yawan shan sigari tsakanin likitocin maza na kasar Sin suna kama da yawan jama'ar kasar, kodayake yawan likitoci gabadaya sun fi kasa. Likitocin kasar Sin suna da yawan shan sigari fiye da likitoci a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] (3.3%) ko Ingila (6.8%). Suna da dan karami fiye da likitocin [[Japan]] (20.2%) kuma likitocin Jafananci suna da kananan bambancin jinsi tare da kashi 27% na maza da kashi 7% na likitocin mata suna shan sigari.<ref name="ReferenceA">Jiang Y, Ong M K, Tong E K, et al. Chinese physicians and their smoking knowledge, attitudes and practices. Am Journal Prev Med 2007</ref> === Dalilai da tasiri === Ana iya danganta yawan amfani da taba a tsakanin likitoci ga dalilai da yawa. A cikin Al'adun kasar Sin, shan sigari yana da alaka da asalin namiji a matsayin aikin zamantakewa wanda ake yi tsakanin maza don inganta jin dadin karba da 'yan uwantaka, wanda ke bayyana dalilin da ya sa likitocin maza na kasar Sin da yawa suka sha sigari fiye da mata. Likitoci musamman na iya amfani da taba sigari a matsayin hanyar magance matsalolin yau da kullun da ke da alaka da sa'o'i masu tsawo da kuma wahalar huldar marasa lafiya.<ref name="ReferenceC">Kohrman, Matthew. Smoking among Doctors: Governmentality, Embodiment, and the Diversion of Blame in Contemporary China. Medical Anthropology 2008</ref> Wani likitan tiyata a Kunming (Lardin Yunnan) ya bayyana shan sigari a matsayin wani abu mai ban mamaki wanda yake wani bangare ne na al'adun likitancin kasar Sin kuma wanda ke inganta aikin aiki:<blockquote>Shan taba yana da babban bangare na zama likita a nan. Darakta na asibitinmu yana shan sigari. Sakataren jam'iyyar yana shan sigari. Shugaban sashen na yana shan sigari. Kuma duk lokacin da na shiga ofishin aiki, yawancin abokan aikina suna shan sigari. Kuma don gaya muku gaskiya, tare da irin wannan aikin da ke cike da matsin lamba, shan sigari yana da matukar taimako, a wasu lokuta yana da sauki, a wasu lokutan yana ba ni kuzari, a wasu lokacin yana taimaka mini in mai da hankali yayin da nake shirin yin tiyata mai rikitarwa ko fuskantar tarin takardu 10:30 da dare.<ref name="ReferenceC">Kohrman, Matthew. Smoking among Doctors: Governmentality, Embodiment, and the Diversion of Blame in Contemporary China. Medical Anthropology 2008</ref></blockquote> === Tasirin kula da marasa lafiya === An nuna halaye na likitan shan sigari yana rinjayar halinsa game da hadarin taba. Likitocin da ke shan taba ba su da damar gaskata cewa shan taba yana da mummunar tasiri ga lafiya idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba su shan taba ba.<ref name="ReferenceA">Jiang Y, Ong M K, Tong E K, et al. Chinese physicians and their smoking knowledge, attitudes and practices. Am Journal Prev Med 2007</ref> Kananan masu shan sigari sun yi imanin cewa ya kamata likitoci su zama abin koyi ga marasa lafiya kuma ya kamata a hana shan sigari a cikin gida a asibitoci.<ref name="ReferenceB">Yao T, Ong M, Lee A, Jiang Y, Mao Z: Smoking knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and associated factors among Chinese male surgeons. World J Surg 2009</ref>Kusan dukkanin likitocin kasar Sin (95%) sun yi imanin cewa shan sigari yana haifar da ciwon huhu kuma mafi yawan cinsu sun yi imani cewa shan sigari yana haifar da cutar sankara ta huhu (89%), amma masu shan sigari na yanzu ba su da damar rike wadannan imani na kiwon lafiya fiye da wadanda ba su da sigari. == Jima'i == A cewar [[Bankin Duniya]] a cikin 2020, kusan rabin maza a kasar Sin masu shan sigari ne, idan aka kwatanta da kasa da kashi 2% na mata.<ref name=":0"/> A shekara ta 2010, shan sigari ya haifar da kusan mutuwar mutum miliyan 1 (840,000 maza, 130,000 mata) a kasar Sin.<ref name="Lancet101015">{{Cite journal |last=Zhengming Chen |display-authors=etal |date=10 October 2015 |title=Contrasting male and female trends in tobacco-attributed mortality in China: evidence from successive nationwide prospective cohort studies |url= |format=Abstract |journal=Lancet |language=en |volume=386 |issue=10002 |pages=1447–1456 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00340-2 |pmc=4691901 |pmid=26466050 |quote=In 2010, smoking caused about 1 million (840 000 male, 130 000 female) deaths in China.}}</ref> Kasar Sin ta kasance daya daga cikin manyan kasashe uku (tare da Indiya da [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]]) a cikin jimlar yawan masu shan sigari maza, sun kai kashi 51.4% na masu shan sigami maza a duniya a shekarar 2015.<ref name="WebMD China Smokers">{{Cite web |date=April 7, 2017 |title=Smoking causes 10% of deaths worldwide; even more in China |url=http://webmd.cn/en/smoking-10-percent-deaths/ |publisher=WebMD China |access-date=July 12, 2024 |archive-date=May 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502052142/http://webmd.cn/en/smoking-10-percent-deaths/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har ila yau, kasar Sin ta kasance daya daga cikin manyan kasashe uku (tare da Indiya da Amurka) a cikin jimlar yawan mata masu shan sigari, kodayake wadannan kasashe uku sun kai kashi 27.3% na mata masu shan taba a duniya, wanda ke nuna cewa annobar taba ba ta da hankali ga mata fiye da maza.<ref name="WebMD China Smokers" /> == Al'adun shan sigari a kasar Sin == Baya ga samfurin nicotine, sigari a kasar Sin sun hada da ma'anoni daban-daban. A kasar Sin, adadin sayar da sigari a shekarar 2022 ya kai sigari biliyan 2.4. <ref name=":0"/> Wannan adadi yana nufin cewa idan duk mutanen da ke cikin yawan mutane biliyan 1.4 masu shan sigari ne, mutum daya har yanzu yana shan sigari kusan 1800 a kowace shekara. Bayan irin wannan amfani da sigari, akwai alakar al'adu da ba za a iya musantawa ba tsakanin sigari da masu shan sigari na kasar Sin. Sigari na kasar Sin ba kawai don jin dadin kai ba ne, amma ana iya amfani da su don nuna girmamawa, karbar baki, har ma da alamar manya. Matasa na iya ba tsofaffi sigari a matsayin kyauta don nuna girmamawa; mutane na iya ba da sigari ga baƙi don nuna karimci; matasa suna ganin shan sigari a ranar nuna alamar balaga. Musamman ga mutanen da ke aiki a kasuwanci ko fasaha, masu shan sigari sun kasance babban bangare na yawan jama'a. Muddin mutane sun fara tattaunawa, sigari wajibi ne a gare su don sadarwa.<ref>Dan Wu, et al. "Cigarette sharing and gifting in China: Patterns, associated factors, and behavioral outcomes." ''Tobacco Induced Diseases'' 20 (2022). [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Xiaozhao-Yang-2/publication/360420288_The_toxic_gift_reciprocity_and_social_capital_in_cigarette_exchange_in_China/links/627e91b0973bbb29cc7b6874/The-toxic-gift-reciprocity-and-social-capital-in-cigarette-exchange-in-China.pdf online] </ref> === Al'adun sigari a wurin aiki === Shan sigari yana da karfi ga aiki yadda ya kamata kuma mai shafawa ga ma'aikatan kasar Sin da yawa. A cikin binciken da aka yi niyya ga masu shan sigari a wuraren aiki, sama da kashi 80% daga cikinsu sun nuna cewa sun fara shan sigari bayan sun sami aikin su na farko. Lokacin da aka tambaye su dalilin da ya sa suka fara shan sigari, 64.4% daga cikinsu sun amsa cewa shan sigari na iya taimaka musu su saba da abokan aiki da ma'aikata da sauri, kuma 53.1% daga cikinsu sun ce shan sigari zai iya taimaka musu shakatawa daga aiki mai wahala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=3成人为工作学会抽烟，无忧精英网发布职场白领抽烟调查报告_受访者 |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/www.sohu.com/a/250271831_639111 |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=www.sohu.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Saboda yawancin ofisoshi a kasar Sin suna cikin manyan gine-ginen ofisoshi, masu shan sigari galibi suna gama sigari daya zuwa biyu a bayan gida ko a kan matakala cikin minti goma. Kodayake an ba da haramcin shan sigari na shekaru da yawa, babu isasshen wuraren shan sigari a cikin gine-ginen. Wannan kai tsaye yana haifar da lalacewa ga tsabtace ginin kuma yana kawo aiki mai nauyi ga ma'aikatan tsaftacewa don share sigari. [[Fayil:Huanghelou_1916_(Export_Version).jpg|thumb|Huanghelou 1916 (Fassarar fitarwa) ]] === Halin shan sigari a kasar Sin === Mutanen kasar Sin galibi suna da dokoki da yawa game da yanayin shan sigari. Lokacin shan sigari tare da dattawa ko shugabannin a wurin aiki, idan sun fitar da sigari kuma sun shirya su shan sigari, ya kamata ku fitar da ku da sauri ku ba su. Ya kamata sigari na ku zama irin wannan ko mafi girma fiye da nasu don nuna girmamawa. Shahararrun sigari na kasar Sin sun hada da Chunghwa, Huanghelou, da Liqun. Lokacin da akwai bambancin matsayi, ya kamata ku ba da sigari ga kowa a cikin tsari daga mutumin da ke da matsayi mafi girma zuwa mafi kaskanci. Koyaya, "Mata na farko" koyaushe shine doka ta farko ta shan sigari a kowane yanayi. Lokacin shan sigari tare da wasu, kunna sigari na wasu hanya ce ta yin ladabi. Hanyar kunna sigari na wasu shine: <ref>{{Cite web |title=职场"烟"文化_杂志论文_知识文库杂志 |url=https://www.zz-news.com/com/zswk/news/itemid-1014029.html |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=www.zz-news.com}}</ref> # Dauki mai haske a hannun dama kuma mu matsa zuwa gaban dayan a wani nesa. # Haskaka haske ta hanyar fuskantar dabino na hagu a ciki kuma yatsa yana budewa. Dukan dabino ya kamata a karkata zuwa waje a kan mai haske. # Sa'an nan kuma a hankali matsa zuwa dayan har sai dayan ya sami amsa don tarawa don wuta. Idan dayan bai motsa ba, kunna sigari (wani lamari ne mai ban sha'awa na girman kai). # Mutanen da ke karbar irin wannan ladabi ya kamata su dan daidaita wuyansu don kusantar wuta. A lokaci guda, hannun dama na mai karba ya kamata ya kasance sama da hannun hagu na mai bayarwa don nuna godiya. Don nuna karin girmamawa, mai karba na iya amfani da yatsan ma'ana a hankali ya taba hannun hagu na mai bayarwa. == Shan taba a Hong Kong == An dakatar da shan sigari a wasu wuraren jama'a a [[Hong Kong|Yankin Gudanarwa na Musamman na Hong Kong]] daga 1 ga Janairun 2007 a karkashin Dokar shan sigari (Lafiya ta Jama'a) ta gwamnati (Cap. 371), wanda aka fara aiwatar da shi a 1982 tare da gyare-gyare da yawa daga baya. Sabon gyare-gyare ya fadada haramcin shan sigari don hadawa da wuraren aiki na cikin gida, yawancin wuraren jama'a ciki har da gidajen cin abinci, gidajen cin abincin Intanet, dakunan wanka na jama'a, rairayin bakin teku da yawancin wuraren shakatawa na jama'awa. Wasu mashaya, dakunan karaoke, saunas da wuraren shakatawa na dare an cire su har zuwa 1 ga Yuli 2009. An dakatar da haramtacciyar shan sigari a cikin dakunan hawa, sufuri na jama'a, gidajen silima, dakunan kide-kide, tashar filin jirgin sama da masu hawa tsakanin 1982 da 1997. An haramtacciyar cibiyoyin cin kasuwa, shagunan sashen, manyan kantuna, bankunan da wuraren wasan kwaikwayo tun watan Yulin 1998. Yawan shan sigari na yau da kullun a Hong Kong ya kai 11.8% (HK Department of Census and Statistics Household Thematic Survey 36) tare da kashi 25% na maza suna shan sigari yayin da a China kashi 63% na maza suna sha sigari.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2010}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Gwamnati ta ambaci, a lokacin da aka saki kasafin kudin a shekara ta 2009, cewa cikakken haramta shigo da taba da shan sigari yana yiwuwa. Koyaya, saboda raguwar shan sigari a cikin 'yan shekarun nan galibi saboda karuwar harajin taba, gwamnati a halin yanzu ba ta da karin shirye-shirye don sarrafa tallace-tallace na taba sai dai ta hanyar daidaita haraji.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2010}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2010)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Shan taba a Macau ==   == Dubi kuma == * Dokar shan sigari (Lafiya ta Jama'a) * Yin shayarwa a Betel a kasar Sin * Lafiya a kasar Sin == manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * Barnett, Ross, Tingzhong Yang, da Xiaozhao Y. Yang, eds. Yanayin shan sigari a kasar Sin: Kalubale don Kula da Taba sigari (Springer Nature, 2021). * Benedict, Carol. "Tobacco, Cigarettes, and Women's Status in Modern China". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History (2021) online[https://oxfordre.com/asianhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277727-e-456?rskey=dou7El kan layi] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=e7nNkB8R4GkC&pg=PP1 kan layi]  * Davey, Gareth, da Xiang Zhao . "Sha da birni: labarin tafiya a Yuxi. " Asia Pacific mujallar anthropology 22.1 (2021): 58-80. * [Hasiya] "Rayuwa mai laushi: Tsarkakewar iska, Jima'i, da Sigari a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin". ''Al'adun Jama'a'' 33.2 (2021): 161-191. [https://anthropology.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj9346/f/161kohrman1.pdf kan layi]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g3x2snbr69zuy2329nchhn4lcwll7di 0 82295 823821 724042 2026-04-21T20:12:03Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Andreas Gülstorff Pedersen''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2003) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Denmark wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida,]] na ƙungiyar Danish Superliga FC Nordsjælland . == Ayyukan kulob == === Nordsjælland === Gülstorff samfurin FC Nordsjælland ne . A watan Agustan shekarar 2020, an kawo Gülstorff mai shekaru 17 a cikin tawagar farko har abada.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMIheTviNOQ FROM ACADEMY TO 1ST TEAM | Andreas Gülstorff], youtube.com, 21 August 2020</ref><ref>[https://www.tipsbladet.dk/nyhed/superliga/hylder-ung-nordsjaelland-maalmand-minder-om-ederson-fra-city Hylder ung Nordsjælland-målmand: Minder om Ederson fra City], tipsbladet.dk, 22 August 2020</ref> Koyaya, bai fara bugawa ba kafin Nordsjælland har zuwa watan Agusta shekarar 2022, inda kuma ya shiga daga farkon wasan Kofin Danish da BK Frem.<ref>[https://bold.dk/fodbold/klubber/fc-nordsjaelland/nyheder/ung-fcn-keeper-fik-debut-jeg-er-pissestolt Ung FCN-keeper fik debut: Jeg er pissestolt], bold.dk, 31 August 2022</ref><ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/08/31/denmark/dbu-pokalen/bk-frem-1886/fc-nordsjalland/3917220/ FREM VS. NORDSJÆLLAND 0 - 1], soccerway.com, 31 August 2022</ref> Gülstorff bai fara buga wasan farko na Danish Superliga ba har zuwa ranar 3 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 2023, lokacin da ya shiga matsayin mai tsaron gida na uku, saboda masu tsaron gida da na biyu ba su samuwa ba. Saboda haka an ba shi damar daga farkon da OB; wasan da ya ƙare 1-1 . <ref>[https://bold.dk/fodbold/stillinger/superligaen/nyheder/ung-fcn-keeper-far-superliga-debut-mod-ob Ung FCN-keeper får Superliga-debut mod OB], bold.dk, 3 December 2023</ref><ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2023/12/03/denmark/superliga/odense-boldklub/fc-nordsjalland/4081832/ OB VS. NORDSJÆLLAND 1 - 1], soccerway.com, 3 December 2023</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Soccerway|andreas-gulstorff-pedersen/634787}} * Andreas GülstorffBayanan ƙungiyar ƙasa aKungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Denmark (a cikin Danish) [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1y7zo2vpsxtya8e3xiuuwsr0j0lpzo5 0 83038 823814 724079 2026-04-21T20:06:15Z ~2026-24677-39 44204 823814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|2}} [[Fayil:Anders K. Jacobsen 2017 Zen-Odense.jpg|thumb|Anders K. Jacobsen]] '''Anders Kvindebjerg Jacobsen''' (An haife shi 27 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 1989) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Denmark<ref name="portraet">{{cite news |last1=Dehn |first1=Anders |title=AaB-angriberens svære vej til succes |url=https://www.tipsbladet.dk/nyhed/superliga/aab-angriberens-svaere-vej-til-succes |access-date=24 January 2021 |work=[[Tipsbladet]] |date=16 December 2014 |language=Danish}}</ref> wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na ƙungiyar Danish Superliga Vejle Boldklub . Ya kuma sami laƙabi ''[[AK-47|AK47]]'' saboda asalinsa da ƙwarewarsa mai kyau a gaban burin.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bruun |first1=Peter |title=AaB enjoy 'wonderful Danish football night' |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/025a-0ea79ad332b3-e2e5c8f46a12-1000/ |access-date=24 January 2021 |work=[[UEFA]] |date=7 August 2014 |language=Danish}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Abolhosseini |first1=Farzam |last2=Thomasen |first2=Tobias |title=AaB-chef: Vi tjente i det mindste penge på AK47 |url=https://www.bt.dk/superligaen/aab-chef-vi-tjente-i-det-mindste-penge-paa-ak47 |access-date=24 January 2021 |work=B.T. |date=14 August 2015 |language=Danish}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Olsson |first1=Søren |title=- Jeg hedder jo bare Anders |url=https://nordjyske.dk/nyheder/jeg-hedder-jo-bare-anders/d1b1fcca-bba3-4c5d-890d-40008797ba30 |access-date=24 January 2021 |work=Nordjyske Medier |date=12 February 2014 |language=Danish}}</ref> Jacobsen ya zo makarantar matasa ta Odense Boldklub (OB) daga Næsby Boldklub tun yana ƙarami, amma ya kasa shiga cikin tawagar farko. Komawa zuwa Næsby a shekara ta 2011 ya farfaɗo da aikinsa, kuma wani mataki na gaba zuwa Fredericia ya sake farfaɗowa daga Danish Superliga. Ya sanya hannu tare da AaB a cikin shekarar 2013, kuma ya koma OB bayan shekaru biyu a matsayin mai tabbatar da zira kwallaye a saman Danish. A watan Janairun shekarar 2020, Jacobsen ya koma SønderjyskE inda ya lashe Kofin Danish a kakar wasa ta farko, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan ƙarshe da tsohon ƙungiyar AaB. Ya kasance tsohon matasan ƙasa da ƙasa na Denmark, bayan ya sami kwallo 12 ga ƙungiyoyin matasa na ƙasa da yawa. == Ayyukan kulob == === OB === Jacobsen ya koma makarantar matasa ta Odense Boldklub (OB) daga Næsby Boldklub a watan Maris na shekara ta 2006. <ref name="DS" /> A watan Yunin shekarar 2007, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar kwararru ta shekaru uku tare da OB, bayan ya burge wa tawagar ajiyar da ke fafatawa a cikin Jerin Denmark na huɗu, inda ya zira kwallaye 13 a wasanni 15, kuma ta haka ne ya sami babban rabo a ci gaban tawagar ta biyu zuwa Danish Division 2.<ref name="portraet" /><ref name="DS">{{cite news |last1=Sauer |first1=Morten |title=OB forlænger med 17-årig angriber |url=https://www.bold.dk/fodbold/nyheder/OB-forlaenger-med-17-aarig-angriber/ |access-date=24 January 2021 |work=bold.dk |date=20 June 2007 |language=Danish}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Yulin, Jacobsen ya fara buga wasan farko na kulob ɗin, lokacin da ya maye gurbin David Nielsen a nasarar 2-0 a kan AGF.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AGF - OB 0-2 |url=https://www.superstats.dk/kampe/3120 |access-date=24 January 2021 |website=superstats.dk}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2008, an tura Jacobsen kan aro na kakar wasa daya zuwa Vejle Boldklub . Koyaya, rancen bai yi nasara ba, kuma a watan Nuwamba, an sallami Jacobsen a Vejle saboda matsalolin horo. Ya kasance yana fita a gaban wasan da ya yi da Midtjylland tare da abokan aiki Brian Nielsen, Danilo Arrieta da Slađan Perić a kan dokokin tawagar. Jacobsen ya buga wasa ɗaya ne kawai ga Vejle; wasa a gasar cin Kofin Danish. Jacobsen daga baya ya bayyana aikinsa a Vejle a matsayin "kira mai farkawa". === Kashi na uku na ƙasa === Ba a tsawaita kwantiraginsa da OB ba a lokacin da ya kare a watan Yunin shekarar 2010, kuma Næstved Boldklub ya sanya hannu a kansa. Næstved ya dauke shi a kan canja wurin kyauta na gaba, kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu tare da kulob din. Ya, duk da haka, ya riga ya bar Næstved bayan watanni shida, lokacin da bangarorin biyu suka amince da dakatar da kwangilarsa nan take a watan Disamba na shekarar 2010 saboda "ya kasa cika tsammanin".<ref>{{cite news |title=Anders K. Jacobsen færdig i Næstved |url=https://www.bold.dk/fodbold/nyheder/Anders-K-Jacobsen-faerdig-i-Naestved/ |access-date=24 January 2021 |work=bold.dk |date=8 December 2010 |language=Danish}}</ref> Bayan barin Næstved, Jacobsen ya koma kulob din matasa na Næsby . Lokacin da ya kasance a kulob din ya kasance nasara, tare da shi yana zira kwallaye akai-akai ga kulob din na uku, kuma yana jan hankalin kungiyoyi a matakin da ya fi girma, wanda daga cikin sauran abubuwa ya haifar da gwajin gwaji ga kulob na Danish Superliga Silkeborg. Koyaya, kulob din Danish na 1st Division na biyu ne Fredericia wanda ya ƙare da sanya hannu kan Jacobsen kan kwangilar shekaru biyu a watan Mayu shekarar 2012.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Blond |first1=Mikael |title=Fredericia opruster med AK47 |url=https://www.bold.dk/fodbold/nyheder/Fredericia-opruster-med-AK47/ |access-date=24 January 2021 |work=bold.dk |date=24 May 2012 |language=Danish}}</ref> === AaB === A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013, ya tashi daga Fredericia zuwa AaB, wanda ya haifar da sakin sa, Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu da rabi tare da kulob din daga [[Aalborg]]. Ya zira kwallaye na farko ga AaB a kan Midtjylland a wasan sa na hudu na kulob din. Ya kuma zira kwallaye a wasanni biyu da suka biyo baya da Brøndby da SønderjyskE, bi da bi.<ref name="SW">{{Cite web |title=A. Jacobsen - Profile |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/anders-jacobsen/11836/ |access-date=24 January 2021 |website=int.soccerway.com |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> === Komawa zuwa OB === A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2015, ya koma OB, tare da wanda ya riga ya sanya hannu kan kwangila wanda zai fara daga watan Janairun shekarar 2016, amma bangarorin da ke da hannu sun amince da yin canja wurin nan take, tare da kwangilar da ta fara a ranar 14 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=Transferkrigen er slut: Anders K. Jacobsen klar for OB |url=https://politiken.dk/sport/fodbold/superligaen/art5585479/Transferkrigen-er-slut-Anders-K.-Jacobsen-klar-for-OB |access-date=24 January 2021 |work=Politiken |date=14 August 2015 |language=Danish}}</ref> === SønderjyskE === A ranar 28 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2020, Jacobsen ya dakatar da kwangilarsa tare da OB kuma ya shiga SønderjyskE kan yarjejeniyar shekara daya da rabi.<ref>[https://www.soenderjyske.dk/fodbold/soenderjyske-henter-ak-og-eskesen-i-ob-lieder-til-fyn-omgaaende/ SønderjyskE henter AK og Eskesen i OB – Lieder til Fyn omgående], soenderjyske.dk, 28 January 2020</ref> A Gasar cin kofin Danish ta shekarar 2020 ya zira kwallaye biyu a kan tsohon kulob dinsa AaB yayin da SønderjyskE ya ci 2-0. === Dawakai === A ranar 31 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2021, Jacobsen ya shiga AC Horsens kan yarjejeniya har zuwa watan Yunin shekarar 2024.<ref>[https://achorsens.dk/nyheder/2021/08august/transferscoop-ac-horsens-forstaerker-sig-med-anders-k-jacobsen/ TRANSFERSCOOP: AC HORSENS FORSTÆRKER SIG MED ANDERS K. JACOBSEN], achorsens.dk, 31 August 2021</ref> Bayan shekaru 2.5 a Horsens, tare da kwallaye 26 da kuma taimakon 14 ga sunansa, Jacobsen ya koma tsohon kulob dinsa, Vejle Boldklub, a watan Janairun 2024 a kan yarjejeniyar aro don sauran kakar.<ref>[https://vejle-boldklub.dk/vb-henter-anders-k-jacobsen/ VB henter Anders K. Jacobsen], vejle-boldklub.dk, 15 January 2024</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == Jacobsen tsohon matashi ne na kasa da kasa na Denmark, bayan ya ci kwallaye 12 ga kungiyoyin matasa na kasa da yawa, inda ya ci kwallo daya.<ref>{{DBU|5259}}</ref><ref name="portraet" /> == Daraja == === Kungiyar === '''AaB''' * Danish Superliga: 2013-142013–14 * Kofin Danish: 2013-142013–14 '''SønderjyskE''' * Kofin Danish: 2019-20; wanda ya zo na biyu: 2020-212020–21 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Anders K. JacobsenBayanan ƙungiyar ƙasa aKungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Denmark (a cikin Danish) * Anders K. Jacobsena WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lpdu32tm46efw6muj2hmnhijv1ri4is 0 83337 824140 729348 2026-04-22T11:35:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zubar da ciki na likita''', Ya kasance shi ne wanda aka sani da '''zubar da ciki na magani''' ko '''zubar da ciki ba na tiyata da likitoci keyi,''' yana faruwa ne lokacin da ake amfani da [[Ƙwaya|kwayoyi]] ( [[magani]] ) don kawo [[zubar da ciki]] . Zubar da ciki na likitanci madadin tiyata ne kamar zubar da ciki kamar vacuum aspiration ko dilation da curettage . <ref name="1st_Methods2">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Zhang J, Zhou K, Shan D, Luo X |date=May 2022 |title=Medical methods for first trimester abortion |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2022 |issue=5 |pages=CD002855 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002855.pub5 |pmc=9128719 |pmid=35608608}}</ref> Zubar da ciki na likitanci ya zama ruwan dare fiye da zubar da ciki na tiyata a mafi yawan wurare a fadin duniya.<ref name="Kapp 20092">{{cite book|title=Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy : comprehensive abortion care|url=https://archive.org/details/managementuninte00paul|url-access=limited|vauthors=Kapp N, von Hertzen H|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4051-7696-5|veditors=Paul M, Lichtenberg ES, Borgatta L, Grimes DA, Stubblefield PG, Creinin MD|location=Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/managementuninte00paul/page/n197 178]–192|chapter=Medical methods to induce abortion in the second trimester}}</ref> <ref name="Guttmacher_2022-022">{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2022 |title=Medication Abortion Now Accounts for More Than Half of All US Abortions |url=https://www.guttmacher.org/article/2022/02/medication-abortion-now-accounts-more-half-all-us-abortions |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=[[Guttmacher Institute]]}}</ref>. An fi yin zubar da ciki na [[Likita|likitanci]] ta hanyar gudanar da haɗin magunguna guda biyu: mifepristone wanda ke biye da misoprostol . Wannan haɗin magunguna biyu ya fi tasiri fiye da sauran haɗin magunguna.<ref name="1st_Methods2" /> Lokacin da babu mifepristone, ana iya amfani da misoprostol kadai a wasu yanayi. <ref name="Langer Peter Firtion David 2004 pp. 266–270">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Langer BR, Peter C, Firtion C, David E, Haberstich R |date=2004 |title=Second and third medical termination of pregnancy with misoprostol without mifepristone |journal=Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=266–270 |doi=10.1159/000076709 |pmid=15067238 |s2cid=25706987}}</ref> Zubar da ciki na likita yana da lafiya kuma yana da tasiri a duk tsawon shekarun haihuwa, gami da na biyu da na uku na uku. <ref name="pmid35114381">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Vlad S, Boucoiran I, St-Pierre ÉR, Ferreira E |date=June 2022 |title=Mifepristone-Misoprostol Use for Second- and Third-Trimester Medical Termination of Pregnancy in a Canadian Tertiary Care Centre |journal=Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada |volume=44 |issue=6 |pages=683–689 |doi=10.1016/j.jogc.2021.12.010 |pmid=35114381 |s2cid=246505706}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Whitehouse K, Brant A, Fonhus MS, Lavelanet A, Ganatra B |date=2020 |title=Medical regimens for abortion at 12 weeks and above: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Contraception |volume=2 |pages=100037 |doi=10.1016/j.conx.2020.100037 |pmc=7484538 |pmid=32954250}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Chandler J, Welch VA, Higgins JP, Thomas J |date=October 2019 |title=Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=ED000142 |doi=10.1002/14651858.ED000142 |pmc=10284251 |pmid=31643080}}</ref> A Amurka, yawan mace-macen zubar da ciki na likitanci ya ragu da sau 14 idan aka kwatanta da yawan mace-macen haihuwa a lokacin haihuwa, kuma adadin manyan matsalolin da ke bukatar asibiti ko karin jini bai kai kashi 0.4 cikin dari ba. {{R|ANSIRH_2019-04|FDA_2018-12-31|C_2012-06-19|NYT_2022-08-07}} Za a iya gudanar da zubar da ciki na likitanci lafiya a gida, ba tare da taimako ba, a cikin uku na farko. <ref name="WHO362">{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2021 |title=Self-management Recommendation 50: Self-management of medical abortion in whole or in part at gestational ages < 12 weeks (3.6.2) - Abortion care guideline |url=https://srhr.org/abortioncare/chapter-3/service-delivery-options-and-self-management-approaches-3-6/self-management-recommendation-50-self-management-of-medical-abortion-in-whole-or-in-part-at-gestational-ages-12-weeks-3-6-2/ |access-date=June 30, 2022 |publisher=WHO Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research}}</ref> A cikin uku na biyu da bayan haka, ana ba da shawarar shan magani na biyu a asibiti, ofishin mai bada sabis, ko wani wurin kula da lafiya. <ref name="WHO362" /> == Tsarin magunguna == [[Fayil:Abortion_pill.jpg|thumb|200 MG na mifepristone da 800&nbsp;μg misoprostol, tsarin da aka saba don zubar da ciki na farko na likita]] === Kasa da mako 12 ciki === Don zubar da ciki na likitanci har zuwa ciki na tsawon makonni 12, adadin magungunan da aka ba da shawarar shine 200&nbsp;milligrams na mifepristone ta baki, bayan kwana ɗaya zuwa biyu ta hanyar 800 micrograms na misoprostol a cikin kunci, a cikin farji, ko ƙarƙashin harshe. <ref name="WHO2018222">{{cite book|title=Abortion Care Guideline|date=2022|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|location=Geneva|isbn=9789240039483|url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240039483}}</ref> Nasarar wannan haɗin maganin shine 96.6% ta hanyar ciki na makonni 10. <ref name="Chen Creinin 20152">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Chen MJ, Creinin MD |date=July 2015 |title=Mifepristone With Buccal Misoprostol for Medical Abortion: A Systematic Review |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pw521h5 |journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=126 |issue=1 |pages=12–21 |doi=10.1097/AOG.0000000000000897 |pmid=26241251 |s2cid=20800109}}</ref> Ya kamata a gudanar da Misoprostol 24 zuwa awanni 48 bayan mifepristone; shan misoprostol kafin awanni 24 su wuce yana rage yuwuwar samun nasara. <ref name="C_2012-06-19">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Raymond EG, Shannon C, Weaver MA, Winikoff B |date=January 2013 |title=First-trimester medical abortion with mifepristone 200 mg and misoprostol: a systematic review |journal=Contraception |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=26–37 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2012.06.011 |pmid=22898359}}</ref> Koyaya, wani bincike ya nuna cewa ana iya ɗaukar magungunan biyu lokaci guda tare da kusan inganci iri ɗaya. <ref name="Creinin etal 2007">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Creinin MD, Schreiber CA, Bednarek P, Lintu H, Wagner MS, Meyn LA |date=April 2007 |title=Mifepristone and misoprostol administered simultaneously versus 24 hours apart for abortion: a randomized controlled trial |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4b25p01k |journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=109 |issue=4 |pages=885–894 |doi=10.1097/01.AOG.0000258298.35143.d2 |pmid=17400850 |s2cid=43298827}}</ref> Don masu juna biyu bayan 9&nbsp;makonni, allurai biyu na misoprostol (magani na biyu) yana sa maganin ya fi tasiri. <ref name="Kapp etal 2019">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kapp N, Eckersberger E, Lavelanet A, Rodriguez MI |date=February 2019 |title=Medical abortion in the late first trimester: a systematic review |journal=Contraception |volume=99 |issue=2 |pages=77–86 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2018.11.002 |pmc=6367561 |pmid=30444970}}</ref> Daga makonni 10 zuwa 11 na ciki, [[Ƙungiyar zubar da ciki ta ƙasa|Ƙungiyar Zubar da ciki ta Ƙasa]] ta ba da shawarar kashi na biyu na misoprostol (800 micrograms) sa'o'i hudu bayan kashi na farko. <ref name="NAF_Guidelines">{{Cite web |title=NAF Clinical Policy Guidelines |url=https://prochoice.org/education-and-advocacy/cpg/ |access-date=April 10, 2020 |publisher=National Abortion Federation |archive-date=August 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808041525/https://prochoice.org/providers/quality-standards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan mai haƙuri ya ɗauki [[mifepristone]], dole ne su kuma ba da misoprostol. Rashin shan misoprostol na iya haifar da ɗayan waɗannan sakamakon: za a iya ƙare tayin, amma ba a fitar da shi gaba ɗaya daga cikin mahaifa (wataƙila tare da zubar jini) kuma yana iya buƙatar aikin tiyata don cire tayin; ko kuma ana iya samun nasarar zubar da ciki da fitar da ciki; ko ciki na iya ci gaba da samun lafiyayyan tayin. Don waɗannan dalilai, yakamata a ɗauki misoprostol koyaushe bayan mifepristone. <ref name="pmid31809439">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Creinin MD, Hou MY, Dalton L, Steward R, Chen MJ |date=January 2020 |title=Mifepristone Antagonization With Progesterone to Prevent Medical Abortion: A Randomized Controlled Trial |journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=135 |issue=1 |pages=158–165 |doi=10.1097/AOG.0000000000003620 |pmid=31809439 |s2cid=208813409 |quote=Patients in early pregnancy who use only mifepristone may be at high risk of significant hemorrhage. |doi-access=free}}</ref> Idan ciki ya ƙunshi tagwaye, ana iya ba da shawarar mafi girman adadin mifepristone. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sørensen EC, Iversen OE, Bjørge L |date=March 2005 |title=Failed medical termination of twin pregnancy with mifepristone: a case report |journal=Contraception |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=231–233 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2004.09.002 |pmid=15722075 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Zubar da ciki na likitanci da kai === A cikin uku na farko, zubar da ciki na likita da kansa yana samuwa ga marasa lafiya waɗanda suka fi son shan magungunan zubar da ciki a gida ba tare da kulawar likita kai tsaye ba (sabanin zubar da ciki na likita wanda mai badawa ke gudanarwa inda majiyyaci ke shan maganin zubar da ciki na biyu a gaban wanda ya horar da shi. ma'aikacin lafiya). <ref name="WHO3622">{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2021 |title=Self-management Recommendation 50: Self-management of medical abortion in whole or in part at gestational ages < 12 weeks (3.6.2) - Abortion care guideline |url=https://srhr.org/abortioncare/chapter-3/service-delivery-options-and-self-management-approaches-3-6/self-management-recommendation-50-self-management-of-medical-abortion-in-whole-or-in-part-at-gestational-ages-12-weeks-3-6-2/ |access-date=June 30, 2022 |publisher=WHO Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research}}</ref> Shaidu daga gwaje-gwajen asibiti sun nuna zubar da ciki na likita da kai yana da tasiri kamar zubar da ciki da aka gudanar; duk da haka ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don tabbatar da cewa aminci daidai yake. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gambir K, Kim C, Necastro KA, Ganatra B, Ngo TD |date=March 2020 |title=Self-administered versus provider-administered medical abortion |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2020 |issue=3 |pages=CD013181 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013181.pub2 |pmc=7062143 |pmid=32150279}}</ref> <ref name="shm">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Schmidt-Hansen M, Pandey A, Lohr PA, Nevill M, Taylor P, Hasler E, Cameron S |date=April 2021 |title=Expulsion at home for early medical abortion: A systematic review with meta-analyses |journal=Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica |volume=100 |issue=4 |pages=727–735 |doi=10.1111/aogs.14025 |pmid=33063314 |s2cid=222819835 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Hanyar da ake amfani da ita don gudanar da magungunan biyu ya dogara da takamaiman magungunan da aka rubuta. Hanyar al'ada, don 200&nbsp;MG mifepristone allunan, shine:<ref name="shm" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2020 |title=Mifepristone and misoprostol: Recommended regimen |url=https://www.ipas.org/clinical-update/english/recommendations-for-abortion-at-or-after-13-weeks-gestation/medical-abortion/mifepristone-and-misoprostol-recommended-regimen/ |access-date=June 30, 2022 |publisher=[[Ipas (organization)|Ipas]]}}</ref> <ref name="FDA mifepristone">{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2022 |title=Mifeprex (mifepristone) Information |url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/mifeprex-mifepristone-information |publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors= |date=October 2020 |title=Medication Abortion Up to 70 Days of Gestation: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 225 |journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=136 |issue=4 |pages=e31–e47 |doi=10.1097/AOG.0000000000004082 |pmid=32804884}}</ref> # Ɗauki kwamfutar hannu na mifepristone da baki # Ɗaukar misoprostol tsakanin sa'o'i 24 zuwa 48 bayan mifepristone (umarnin da aka kawo tare da misoprostol za su ƙayyade yadda ake shan shi, kamar: tsakanin gumi da murfin ciki na kuncin baki, ko a ƙarƙashin harshe, ko a cikin farji ta hanyar yin amfani da shi. suppository na farji) # Za a fitar da ciki ( [[amfrayo|embryo]] da [[placenta]] ) ta cikin farji a cikin sa'o'i 2 zuwa 24 bayan shan misoprostol, don haka majiyyaci ya kasance kusa da wuraren bayan gida a lokacin. Za a iya samun maƙarƙashiya, tashin zuciya da zubar jini yayin da ake fitar da ciki, da kuma bayan haka # Don guje wa kamuwa da cuta, majiyyaci bai kamata ya yi amfani da tampons ko yin jima'i ba har tsawon makonni 2 zuwa 3 # Ya kamata majiyyaci ya tuntuɓi mai ba da su kwanaki 7 zuwa 14 bayan gudanarwar mifepristone don tabbatar da cewa ƙarshen ciki ya faru kuma don kimanta matakin jini. === Bayan sati 12 ciki === Zubar da ciki na likita yana da lafiya kuma yana da tasiri a cikin na biyu da na uku.<ref name="pmid35114381" /> <ref name="tapg2">{{Cite book|title=Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems-2nd ed|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|year=2012|isbn=9789241548434|location=Italy|pages=42}}</ref> <ref name="leon">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gómez Ponce de León R, Wing DA |date=April 2009 |title=Misoprostol for termination of pregnancy with intrauterine fetal demise in the second and third trimester of pregnancy - a systematic review |journal=Contraception |volume=79 |issue=4 |pages=259–271 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2008.10.009 |pmid=19272495}}</ref> <ref name="mendil">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mendilcioglu I, Simsek M, Seker PE, Erbay O, Zorlu CG, Trak B |date=November 2002 |title=Misoprostol in second and early third trimester for termination of pregnancies with fetal anomalies |journal=International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics |volume=79 |issue=2 |pages=131–135 |doi=10.1016/s0020-7292(02)00224-2 |pmid=12427397 |s2cid=44373757}}</ref> [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) ta ba da shawarar cewa zubar da ciki na likitanci da aka yi bayan makonni 12 na ciki, likita na gaba daya ko kwararren likita ne ya kula da shi (sabanin farkon watanni uku, inda majiyyaci zai iya shan magungunan a gida lafiya ba tare da kulawa ba). <ref name="WHO362" /><ref name="WHO2018222" /> Don zubar da ciki na likita bayan makonni 12 na ciki, WHO ta ba da shawarar 200&nbsp;MG na mifepristone ta baki ya biyo bayan kwana ɗaya zuwa biyu ta maimaita allurai na 400&nbsp;μg misoprostol a ƙarƙashin harshe, a cikin kunci, ko a cikin farji. <ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Borgatta L, Kapp N |date=July 2011 |title=Clinical guidelines. Labor induction abortion in the second trimester |journal=Contraception |volume=84 |issue=1 |pages=4–18 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2011.02.005 |pmid=21664506}}</ref> Ya kamata a sha Misoprostol kowane sau 3&nbsp;Sa'o'i har sai an sami nasarar zubar da ciki, ma'anar lokacin zubar da ciki bayan fara misoprostol shine sa'o'i 6-8, kuma kusan 94% zai zubar da ciki cikin sa'o'i 24 bayan fara misoprostol. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Borgatta L, Kapp N |date=July 2011 |title=Clinical guidelines. Labor induction abortion in the second trimester |journal=Contraception |volume=84 |issue=1 |pages=4–18 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2011.02.005 |pmid=21664506}}</ref> Lokacin da ba a samu mifepristone ba, ana iya amfani da misoprostol duk da cewa za a tsawaita lokacin zubar da ciki bayan fara misoprostol idan aka kwatanta da tsarin yin amfani da mifepristone da misoprostol. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Perritt JB, Burke A, Edelman AB |date=September 2013 |title=Interruption of nonviable pregnancies of 24-28 weeks' gestation using medical methods: release date June 2013 SFP guideline #20133 |journal=Contraception |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=341–349 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2013.05.001 |pmid=23756114 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Madadin haɗin magunguna === Haɗin mifepristone-misoprostol shine, ta zuwa yanzu, tsarin da aka fi ba da shawarar miyagun ƙwayoyi don zubar da ciki na likita, amma akwai sauran haɗin magunguna. Misoprostol kadai, ba tare da mifepristone ba, ana iya amfani da shi a wasu yanayi don zubar da ciki na likita, har ma an nuna cewa ya yi nasara a cikin uku na biyu. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors= |date=June 2013 |title=ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 135: Second-trimester abortion |journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=121 |issue=6 |pages=1394–1406 |doi=10.1097/01.AOG.0000431056.79334.cc |pmid=23812485 |s2cid=205384119}}</ref> Misoprostol ya fi samuwa fiye da mifepristone, kuma ya fi sauƙi don adanawa da gudanarwa, don haka misoprostol ba tare da mifepristone na iya ba da shawara daga mai bada idan mifepristone ba ya samuwa.<ref name="Langer Peter Firtion David 2004 pp. 266–270" /> Idan ana amfani da misoprostol ba tare da mifepristone ba, WHO ta ba da shawarar 800&nbsp;μg na misoprostol a cikin kunci, ƙarƙashin harshe, ko a cikin farji.<ref name="WHO2018222" /> Nasarar misoprostol kadai don kawo karshen ciki (93%) kusan iri daya ne da hadewar mifepristone-misoprostol (96%). Duk da haka, 15% na matan da ke amfani da misoprostol kadai suna buƙatar hanyar bin tsarin tiyata, wanda ya fi mahimmanci fiye da haɗin mifepristone-misoprostol. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Raymond EG, Harrison MS, Weaver MA |date=January 2019 |title=Efficacy of Misoprostol Alone for First-Trimester Medical Abortion: A Systematic Review |journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=137–147 |doi=10.1097/AOG.0000000000003017 |pmc=6309472 |pmid=30531568}}</ref> Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa ana iya haɗawa da [[letrozole]] ko [[methotrexate]] a cikin tsarin mifepristone-misoprostol don inganta sakamako a cikin farkon watanni uku.<ref name="1st_Methods2" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Zhuo Y, Cainuo S, Chen Y, Sun B |date=May 2021 |title=The efficacy of letrozole supplementation for medical abortion: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine |volume=34 |issue=9 |pages=1501–1507 |doi=10.1080/14767058.2019.1638899 |pmid=31257957 |s2cid=195764644}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Yeung TW, Lee VC, Ng EH, Ho PC |date=December 2012 |title=A pilot study on the use of a 7-day course of letrozole followed by misoprostol for the termination of early pregnancy up to 63 days |journal=Contraception |volume=86 |issue=6 |pages=763–769 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2012.05.009 |pmid=22717187}}</ref> Haɗin magungunan da ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba don masu ciki na mahaifa shine [[methotrexate]] -misoprostol, wanda galibi ana keɓance shi don [[Ectopic ciki|ciki na ectopic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical abortion |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/medical-abortion/about/pac-20394687 |access-date=July 10, 2022 |publisher=Mayo Clinic}}</ref> Ana ba da Methotrexate ko dai ta baki ko a cikin tsoka, sannan a biyo bayan misoprostol na farji bayan kwanaki 3-5.<ref name="NAF_Guidelines" /> Haɗin methotrexate yana samuwa ta cikin kwanaki 63. WHO ta ba da izinin haɗin methotrexate-misoprostol <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Methotrexate and Misoprostol for Abortion |url=http://www.webmd.com/women/methotrexate-and-misoprostol-for-abortion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227080619/http://www.webmd.com/women/methotrexate-and-misoprostol-for-abortion |archive-date=February 27, 2015 |website=Women's Health |publisher=WebMD}}</ref> amma yana bada shawarar haɗin mifepristone saboda [[methotrexate]] na iya zama [[teratogenic]] ga amfrayo a lokuta na zubar da ciki. Ana ɗaukar haɗin methotrexate-misoprostol mafi inganci fiye da misoprostol kadai.<ref name=":0" /> === Contraindications === Contraindications zuwa mifepristone an gaji [[Cutar jini wacce ke sanadin tabin hankali|porphyria]], na kullum [[Rashin isasshen adrenal|adrenal gazawar]], da ectopic ciki. <ref name="WHO FAQs 20063">{{cite book|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241594845_eng.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117164404/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241594845_eng.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 17, 2009|title=Frequently asked clinical questions about medical abortion|author=International Consensus Conference on Non-surgical (Medical) Abortion in Early First Trimester on Issues Related to Regimens and Service Delivery|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|year=2006|isbn=978-92-4-159484-4|location=Geneva}}</ref> <ref name="Medical management 1st Trim">{{Cite journal |vauthors= |date=March 2014 |title=Medical management of first-trimester abortion |journal=Contraception |publisher=American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Society of Family Planning |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=148–161 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2014.01.016 |pmid=24795934 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wasu suna la'akari da na'urar intrauterine a wurin don zama mai hanawa kuma. <ref name="Medical management 1st Trim" /> Wani rashin lafiyar da ya gabata ga mifepristone ko misoprostol shima sabani ne.<ref name="WHO FAQs 20063" /> Yawancin karatu sun cire matan da ke da matsanancin matsalolin likita kamar cututtukan zuciya da hanta ko kuma anemia mai tsanani.<ref name="Medical management 1st Trim" /> Ana buƙatar taka tsantsan a cikin yanayi da yawa da suka haɗa da:<ref name="WHO FAQs 20063" /> * amfani da [[corticosteroid]] na dogon lokaci; * rashin zubar jini; * anemia mai tsanani A wasu lokuta, yana iya dacewa a tura mutanen da suka rigaya sun kamu da rashin lafiya zuwa ga mai ba da zubar da ciki na tushen asibiti. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Guiahi M, Davis A |date=December 2012 |title=First-trimester abortion in women with medical conditions: release date October 2012 SFP guideline #20122 |journal=Contraception |volume=86 |issue=6 |pages=622–630 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2012.09.001 |pmid=23039921 |s2cid=21464833}}</ref> A madadin, wasu yanayi na likita na iya sa zubar da ciki na magani ya fi dacewa da zubar da ciki na tiyata kamar manyan [[Uterine fibroids|fibroids na mahaifa]], cututtukan mahaifa, ko tabo mai alaƙa da [[infibulation]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mark K, Bragg B, Chawla K, Hladky K |date=November 2016 |title=Medical abortion in women with large uterine fibroids: a case series |journal=Contraception |volume=94 |issue=5 |pages=572–574 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.016 |pmid=27471029}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Goldthwaite LM, Teal SB |date=October 2014 |title=Controversies in family planning: pregnancy termination in women with uterine anatomic abnormalities |journal=Contraception |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.007 |pmid=24958107}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mistry H, Jha S |date=May 11, 2015 |title=Pregnancy with a pinhole introitus: A report of two cases and a review of the literature |journal=The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=490–494 |doi=10.3109/13625187.2015.1044083 |pmid=25960283 |s2cid=207523628}}</ref> == Tasiri mara kyau == Yawancin mata za su sami ciwon ciki da zubar jini fiye da lokacin haila.<ref name="Medical management 1st Trim" /> Sauran illolin na iya haɗawa da tashin zuciya, amai, zazzabi, sanyi, zawo, ciwon kai, juwa, zafi ko walƙiya mai zafi. <ref name="Clev">{{Cite web |date=October 21, 2021 |title=Medical Abortion: What Is It, Types, Risks & Recovery |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21899-medical-abortion |access-date=June 30, 2022 |publisher=Cleveland Clinic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Methotrexate and Misoprostol for Abortion |url=http://www.webmd.com/women/methotrexate-and-misoprostol-for-abortion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227080619/http://www.webmd.com/women/methotrexate-and-misoprostol-for-abortion |archive-date=February 27, 2015 |website=Women's Health |publisher=WebMD}}</ref><ref name="Creinin etal 2007" /> Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin farji, misoprostol yana ƙoƙarin samun ƙarancin sakamako masu illa.<ref name="1st_Methods2" /> Magungunan [[Magungunan anti-mai kumburi marasa steroidal|anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal]] irin su ibuprofen suna rage zafi tare da zubar da ciki na magani. === Alamomin da ke buƙatar kulawar gaggawa === * Zubar da jini mai nauyi (isasshen jini da za a jiƙa ta pads guda huɗu a cikin awanni 2) <ref name="Mifepristone FDA label">{{Cite web |title=Mifepristone Prescribing Information |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/020687s020lbl.pdf |publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)}}</ref> * Ciwon ciki, tashin zuciya, amai, zawo, zazzabi fiye da awanni 24 bayan shan mifepristone <ref name="Mifepristone FDA label" /> * Zazzabi na {{Cvt|38|C|1}} ko sama sama da awanni 4 <ref name="Mifepristone FDA label" /> Matsalolin da ke ƙarƙashin ciki na makonni 10 ba kasafai ba ne; bisa ga manyan bita guda biyu, zubar da jini da ake buƙatar ƙarin jini ya faru a cikin 0.03-0.6% na mata da kuma kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani a cikin 0.01-0.5%.<ref name="C_2012-06-19" /><ref name="Creinin etal 2007" /> Saboda cuta ba ta da wuya bayan magani zubar da ciki, [[Kwalejin Amirka na Obstetricians da Gynecologists|Kwalejin Ba'amurke na Amurka da 'yan wasan' ']], [[Ƙungiyar Tsarin Iyali|al'arin iyali]], da kuma [[Ƙungiyar zubar da ciki ta ƙasa|Naf]] ba su bayar da shawarar amfani da maganin rigakafin yau da kullun ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Achilles SL, Reeves MF |date=April 2011 |title=Prevention of infection after induced abortion: release date October 2010: SFP guideline 20102 |journal=Contraception |volume=83 |issue=4 |pages=295–309 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2010.11.006 |pmid=21397086 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="NAF_Guidelines" /> Wasu lokuta da ba kasafai ake samun mace-mace daga [[Cutar cututtuka masu guba|cutar sankarau mai guba]] [[Clostridium|ta clostridial]] sun faru bayan zubar da ciki na likita. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Murray S, Wooltorton E |date=August 2005 |title=Septic shock after medical abortions with mifepristone (Mifeprex, RU 486) and misoprostol |journal=CMAJ |volume=173 |issue=5 |pages=485 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.050980 |pmc=1188182 |pmid=16093445}}</ref> [[Bita na tsari]] na 2013 wanda ya haɗa da mata 45,000 waɗanda suka yi amfani da 200&nbsp;mg mifepristone tare da haɗin misoprostol ya gano cewa ƙasa da 0.4% yana da matsala mai tsanani da ke buƙatar asibiti (0.3%) da/ko ƙarin jini (0.1%).<ref name="C_2012-06-19" /><ref name="NYT_2022-08-072">{{cite news |date=August 7, 2022 |title=Some Women 'Self-Manage' Abortions as Access Recedes - Information and medications needed to end a pregnancy are increasingly available outside the health care system. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/07/health/abortion-self-managed-medication.html |quote=More than half a million women had medication abortions in 2020 in the United States, and fewer than half of 1 percent experience serious complications, studies show. Medical interventions like hospitalizations or blood transfusions were needed by fewer than 0.4 percent of patients, according to a 2013 review of dozens of studies involving tens of thousands of patients. |vauthors=Rabin RC |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> === Gudanar da zubar jini === Zubar da jinin al'ada gabaɗaya yana raguwa a hankali sama da makonni biyu bayan zubar da ciki na likitanci, amma a lokuta daban-daban hange na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 45. <ref name="WHO FAQs 20062">{{Cite book}}</ref> Ana iya yin la'akari da aikin tiyata na gaggawa ko na likita don tsawaita zubar jini dangane da yadda majiyyaci ke ji da kuma idan jinin yana da alama yana samun sauki. Gabaɗaya, ƙasa da 1% na mutanen da suka zubar da ciki dole ne su sami sabis na gaggawa don zubar da jini mai yawa, kuma kusan 0.1% na buƙatar [[Karan jini|ƙarin jini]] . <ref name="Creinin 2000">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Creinin MD |date=September 2000 |title=Randomized comparison of efficacy, acceptability and cost of medical versus surgical abortion |journal=Contraception |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=117–124 |doi=10.1016/s0010-7824(00)00151-7 |pmid=11124358}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Henshaw RC, Naji SA, Russell IT, Templeton AA |date=September 1993 |title=Comparison of medical abortion with surgical vacuum aspiration: women's preferences and acceptability of treatment |journal=BMJ |volume=307 |issue=6906 |pages=714–717 |doi=10.1136/bmj.307.6906.714 |pmc=1678709 |pmid=8401094}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Peyron R, Aubény E, Targosz V, Silvestre L, Renault M, Elkik F, Leclerc P, Ulmann A, Baulieu EE |date=May 1993 |title=Early termination of pregnancy with mifepristone (RU 486) and the orally active prostaglandin misoprostol |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine |volume=328 |issue=21 |pages=1509–1513 |doi=10.2307/2939250 |jstor=2939250 |pmid=8479487}}</ref> Za a fitar da ragowar [[Samfuran ciki|samfuran cikin ciki]] yayin zubar jini na farji na gaba. Duk da haka, ana iya yin aikin tiyata a kan buƙatar mace, idan zubar da jini ya yi nauyi ko tsawo, ko kuma ya haifar da [[Rashin jini|anemia]], ko kuma idan akwai shaidar [[endometritis]] . <ref name="Creinin 2000" /> === Tsaro === A duniya, mutanen da za su iya yin ciki suna fuskantar haɗari ga lafiyarsu saboda manyan ƙalubalen samun amintaccen sabis na zubar da ciki. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Doran F, Nancarrow S |date=July 2015 |title=Barriers and facilitators of access to first-trimester abortion services for women in the developed world: a systematic review |journal=The Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=170–180 |doi=10.1136/jfprhc-2013-100862 |pmid=26106103}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kassebaum NJ, Bertozzi-Villa A, Coggeshall MS, Shackelford KA, Steiner C, Heuton KR, Gonzalez-Medina D, Barber R, Huynh C, Dicker D, Templin T, Wolock TM, Ozgoren AA, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Abubakar I, Achoki T, Adelekan A, Ademi Z, Adou AK, Adsuar JC, Agardh EE, Akena D, Alasfoor D, Alemu ZA, Alfonso-Cristancho R, Alhabib S, Ali R, Al Kahbouri MJ, Alla F, Allen PJ, AlMazroa MA, Alsharif U, Alvarez E, Alvis-Guzmán N, Amankwaa AA, Amare AT, Amini H, Ammar W, Antonio CA, Anwari P, Arnlöv J, Arsenijevic VS, Artaman A, Asad MM, Asghar RJ, Assadi R, Atkins LS, Badawi A, Balakrishnan K, Basu A, Basu S, Beardsley J, Bedi N, Bekele T, Bell ML, Bernabe E, Beyene TJ, Bhutta Z, Bin Abdulhak A, Blore JD, Basara BB, Bose D, Breitborde N, Cárdenas R, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castro RE, Catalá-López F, Cavlin A, Chang JC, Che X, Christophi CA, Chugh SS, Cirillo M, Colquhoun SM, Cooper LT, Cooper C, da Costa Leite I, Dandona L, Dandona R, Davis A, Dayama A, Degenhardt L, De Leo D, del Pozo-Cruz B, Deribe K, Dessalegn M, deVeber GA, Dharmaratne SD, Dilmen U, Ding EL, Dorrington RE, Driscoll TR, Ermakov SP, Esteghamati A, Faraon EJ, Farzadfar F, Felicio MM, Fereshtehnejad SM, de Lima GM, Forouzanfar MH, França EB, Gaffikin L, Gambashidze K, Gankpé FG, Garcia AC, Geleijnse JM, Gibney KB, Giroud M, Glaser EL, Goginashvili K, Gona P, González-Castell D, Goto A, Gouda HN, Gugnani HC, Gupta R, Gupta R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hamadeh RR, Hammami M, Hankey GJ, Harb HL, Havmoeller R, Hay SI, Pi IB, Hoek HW, Hosgood HD, Hoy DG, Husseini A, Idrisov BT, Innos K, Inoue M, Jacobsen KH, Jahangir E, Jee SH, Jensen PN, Jha V, Jiang G, Jonas JB, Juel K, Kabagambe EK, Kan H, Karam NE, Karch A, Karema CK, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazanjan K, Kazi DS, Kemp AH, Kengne AP, Kereselidze M, Khader YS, Khalifa SE, Khan EA, Khang YH, Knibbs L, Kokubo Y, Kosen S, Defo BK, Kulkarni C, Kulkarni VS, Kumar GA, Kumar K, Kumar RB, Kwan G, Lai T, Lalloo R, Lam H, Lansingh VC, Larsson A, Lee JT, Leigh J, Leinsalu M, Leung R, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Liang J, Liang X, Lim SS, Lin HH, Lipshultz SE, Liu S, Liu Y, Lloyd BK, London SJ, Lotufo PA, Ma J, Ma S, Machado VM, Mainoo NK, Majdan M, Mapoma CC, Marcenes W, Marzan MB, Mason-Jones AJ, Mehndiratta MM, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mokdad AH, Mola GL, Monasta L, de la Cruz Monis J, Hernandez JC, Moore AR, Moradi-Lakeh M, Mori R, Mueller UO, Mukaigawara M, Naheed A, Naidoo KS, Nand D, Nangia V, Nash D, Nejjari C, Nelson RG, Neupane SP, Newton CR, Ng M, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Nisar MI, Nolte S, Norheim OF, Nyakarahuka L, Oh IH, Ohkubo T, Olusanya BO, Omer SB, Opio JN, Orisakwe OE, Pandian JD, Papachristou C, Park JH, Caicedo AJ, Patten SB, Paul VK, Pavlin BI, Pearce N, Pereira DM, Pesudovs K, Petzold M, Poenaru D, Polanczyk GV, Polinder S, Pope D, Pourmalek F, Qato D, Quistberg DA, Rafay A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar V, ur Rahman S, Raju M, Rana SM, Refaat A, Ronfani L, Roy N, Pimienta TG, Sahraian MA, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Santos IS, Sawhney M, Sayinzoga F, Schneider IJ, Schumacher A, Schwebel DC, Seedat S, Sepanlou SG, Servan-Mori EE, Shakh-Nazarova M, Sheikhbahaei S, Shibuya K, Shin HH, Shiue I, Sigfusdottir ID, Silberberg DH, Silva AP, Singh JA, Skirbekk V, Sliwa K, Soshnikov SS, Sposato LA, Sreeramareddy CT, Stroumpoulis K, Sturua L, Sykes BL, Tabb KM, Talongwa RT, Tan F, Teixeira CM, Tenkorang EY, Terkawi AS, Thorne-Lyman AL, Tirschwell DL, Towbin JA, Tran BX, Tsilimbaris M, Uchendu US, Ukwaja KN, Undurraga EA, Uzun SB, Vallely AJ, van Gool CH, Vasankari TJ, Vavilala MS, Venketasubramanian N, Villalpando S, Violante FS, Vlassov VV, Vos T, Waller S, Wang H, Wang L, Wang X, Wang Y, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Westerman R, Wilkinson JD, Woldeyohannes SM, Wong JQ, Wordofa MA, Xu G, Yang YC, Yano Y, Yentur GK, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Younis MZ, Yu C, Jin KY, El Sayed Zaki M, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Zhou M, Zhu J, Zou XN, Lopez AD, Naghavi M, Murray CJ, Lozano R |date=September 2014 |title=Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 |journal=Lancet |volume=384 |issue=9947 |pages=980–1004 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60696-6 |pmc=4255481 |pmid=24797575}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, Gülmezoglu AM, Van Look PF |date=April 2006 |title=WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review |journal=Lancet |volume=367 |issue=9516 |pages=1066–1074 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68397-9 |pmid=16581405 |s2cid=2190885}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sedgh G, Bearak J, Singh S, Bankole A, Popinchalk A, Ganatra B, Rossier C, Gerdts C, Tunçalp Ö, Johnson BR, Johnston HB, Alkema L |date=July 2016 |title=Abortion incidence between 1990 and 2014: global, regional, and subregional levels and trends |journal=Lancet |volume=388 |issue=10041 |pages=258–267 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30380-4 |pmc=5498988 |pmid=27179755}}</ref> Waɗannan munanan sakamako sun taso ne daga ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin zubar da ciki, tsarin kiwon lafiya marasa inganci, ƙarancin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya, ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ayyuka a yankuna masu nisa. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Turan JM, Budhwani H |date=January 2021 |title=Restrictive Abortion Laws Exacerbate Stigma, Resulting in Harm to Patients and Providers |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=37–39 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2020.305998 |pmc=7750605 |pmid=33326286}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Bugu da kari, a cikin kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaitan kudin shiga inda aka ba da izinin zubar da ciki bisa ka'ida, ana samun adadi mai yawa na zubar da ciki mara inganci. Kimanin mata miliyan 7 ne ke kwance a asibitoci a duk shekara a wadannan wuraren sakamakon matsalolin da ke tasowa daga zubar da ciki mara kyau. Zubar da ciki mara lafiya ana danganta shi da kashi 4.7% zuwa 13.2% na mace-macen mata masu juna biyu a kowace shekara, tare da kiyasin kudaden da ake kashewa don magance matsalolinsa ya kai dala miliyan 553.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|vauthors=Vlassoff M, Shearer J, Walker D, Lucas H|title=Economic impact of unsafe abortion-related morbidity and mortality: evidence and estimation challenges.|publisher=Institute of Development Studies|year=2008|volume=59|location=Brighton, UK|pages=94}}</ref> Abubuwa da yawa suna ba da gudummawa ga waɗannan haɗarin kiwon lafiya da suka haɗa da rashin ilimi game da zaɓin da ake da su, mabanbantan ra'ayoyin masu ba da lafiya game da zubar da ciki, ƙarancin ƙwararrun ma'aikata don amintaccen sabis na zubar da ciki, ƙarancin sirri da sirri, da ayyukan da suka gaza biyan buƙatu.<ref>{{Citation|title=Consequences of Unsafe Abortion|date=July 28, 2006|work=The Human Drama of Abortion|pages=33–44|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv17vf7g1.10|access-date=January 23, 2024|publisher=Vanderbilt University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctv17vf7g1.10}}</ref> A Amurka, wani rahoton [[Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna|FDA]] ya bayyana cewa daga cikin mata miliyan 3.7 da suka zubar da cikin da magani tsakanin shekarar 2000 zuwa 2018, 24 sun mutu bayan haka, 11 daga cikin wadanda suka mutu ba su da alaka da zubar da ciki, ciki har da shan kwayoyi, kisa, da kuma kashe kansa.<ref name="Creinin etal 2007" /><ref name="Kapp etal 2019" /> Lokacin da ba a la'akari da mutuwar mutane 11 da ba su da alaƙa, adadin mace-mace na zubar da ciki shine rabin adadin mace-macen zubar da ciki gaba ɗaya.<ref name="1st_Methods2" /><ref name="Creinin etal 2007" /> Ciki har da duk mace-mace a cikin binciken, bayanan sun nuna cewa yawan mace-mace na zubar da ciki na magani ya kusan daidai da zubar da ciki gaba daya, wanda ya kai sau 14 kasa da adadin mace-macen haihuwa na haihuwa, sannan kuma kasa da adadin mace-macen [[Penicillin]] da [[Sildenafil|Viagra]] . <ref name="ANSIRH_2019-04">{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2019 |title=Analysis of Medication Abortion Risk and the FDA report - "Mifepristone U.S. Post-Marketing Adverse Events Summary through 12/31/2018" |url=https://www.ansirh.org/sites/default/files/publications/files/mifepristone_safety_4-23-2019.pdf |publisher=[[Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health]] |quote=The mortality rate for women known to have had a live-born infant is 8.8 per 100,000 live births, which is about 14 times higher than the mortality rate associated with medication abortion. Other medications that are commonly prescribed or administered in outpatient settings also have risks, including a small risk of death. Penicillin causes a fatal anaphylactic reaction at a rate of 2 deaths per 100,000 patients administered the drug. Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors, which are used for erectile dysfunction and include Viagra, have a fatality rate of 4 deaths per 100,000 users. These risks are several times higher than the risk of death with medication abortion.}}</ref> <ref name="FDA_2018-12-31">{{Cite web |date=December 31, 2018 |title=Mifepristone U.S. Post-Marketing Adverse Events Summary through 12/31/2018 |url=https://www.fda.gov/media/112118/download |publisher=[[Food and Drug Administration]]}}</ref> Ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya na duniya kamar WHO sun nuna cewa zubar da ciki na likita yana da aminci har ma a cikin na biyu da na uku na uku,<ref name="pmid35114381" /><ref name="tapg2" /><ref name="leon" /><ref name="mendil" /> amma damar yin amfani da waɗannan ayyuka na shari'a yana canzawa akai-akai a Amurka da kuma a duniya. === Teratogenicity da ci gaba da ciki === Kafin shan magani don zubar da ciki, ya kamata a shawarci mutane game da yiwuwar illar misoprostol idan zubar da ciki bai yi nasara ba. Idan ciki ya ci gaba bayan yin amfani da mifepristone da misoprostol, an ba da shawarar a nemi kulawar likita don tattauna zaɓuɓɓukan ciki, tare da cikakken tattaunawa game da haɗari da fa'idodi ga kowane. Babu wata shaida na mifepristone da ke haifar da lahani na haihuwa, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bernard N, Elefant E, Carlier P, Tebacher M, Barjhoux CE, Bos-Thompson MA, Amar E, Descotes J, Vial T |date=April 2013 |title=Continuation of pregnancy after first-trimester exposure to mifepristone: an observational prospective study |journal=BJOG |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=568–574 |doi=10.1111/1471-0528.12147 |pmid=23346916 |s2cid=9691636}}</ref> amma misoprostol, lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin farkon watanni na farko, zai iya zama [[Ilimin ilimin taurari|teratogenic]] kuma ya haifar da cututtuka na haihuwa kamar lahani na hannu, tare da ko ba tare da [[Moebius ciwo|ciwo na Möbius]] ba (shanyewar fuska). <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Yip SK, Tse AO, Haines CJ, Chung TK |date=February 2000 |title=Misoprostol's effect on uterine arterial blood flow and fetal heart rate in early pregnancy |journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=95 |issue=2 |pages=232–235 |doi=10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00472-x |pmid=10674585 |s2cid=33217047}}</ref> == Ilimin harhada magunguna == Mifepristone yana toshe hormone progesterone, <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 23, 2017 |title=The Science Behind the "Abortion Pill" |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/health-medicine/science-behind-abortion-pill-180963762/ |website=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors= |date=March 2014 |title=Medical management of first-trimester abortion |journal=Contraception |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=148–161 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2014.01.016 |pmid=24795934}}</ref> yana haifar da rufin mahaifa zuwa bakin ciki, yana hana amfrayo daga liƙawa zuwa bangon mahaifa don girma. Methotrexate, wanda ake amfani da shi a wasu lokuta maimakon mifepristone, yana dakatar da nama na cytotrophoblastic daga girma da zama mahaifa mai aiki, sashin da ke ba da abinci mai gina jiki ga tayin mai tasowa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Methotrexate |url=https://www.medicationabortions.com/methotrexate |website=Medication Abortion |publisher=Ibis Reproductive Health}}</ref> Misoprostol, prostaglandin na roba, yana sa mahaifa ya yi karo da kuma fitar da tayin ta cikin farji. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Misoprostol |url=https://www.medicationabortions.com/misoprostol |website=Medication Abortion |publisher=Ibis Reproductive Health}}</ref> Letrozole shine mai hana aromatase wanda ke hana haɓakar estrogen kuma yana ƙarfafa kwai. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da letrozole kafin misoprostol ko mifepristone don fara zubar da ciki na likita zai iya inganta ingantaccen magani kuma ya rage buƙatar ayyukan tiyata. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Yeung TW, Lee VC, Ng EH, Ho PC |date=December 2012 |title=A pilot study on the use of a 7-day course of letrozole followed by misoprostol for the termination of early pregnancy up to 63 days |journal=Contraception |volume=86 |issue=6 |pages=763–769 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2012.05.009 |pmid=22717187}}</ref> === Yaduwa === {| class="wikitable sortable" align="right" !Country !Percentage |- |Spain |25% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministerio de Sanidad, Politica Social e Igualdad |date=August 19, 2022 |title=Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo; Datos definitivos correspondientes al año 2021 |url=https://www.sanidad.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/prevPromocion/embarazo/docs/IVE_2021.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416194357/https://www.sanidad.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/prevPromocion/embarazo/docs/IVE_2021.pdf |archive-date=April 16, 2023 |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=Ministerio de Sanidad, Politica Social e Igualdad}}</ref> |- |Netherlands |34% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2022 |title=Jaarrapportage 2021 Wet afbreking zwangerschap - Bijlage |url=https://www.igj.nl/binaries/igj/documenten/jaarverslagen/2022/09/22/wafz-2021/Definitie+en+cijfer+bijlage+Wafz+2021.pdf |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=Inspectie voor de Gezondheidszorg (IGZ), Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport (VWS) |archive-date=April 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416194358/https://www.igj.nl/binaries/igj/documenten/jaarverslagen/2022/09/22/wafz-2021/Definitie+en+cijfer+bijlage+Wafz+2021.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Italy |35% in 2020<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministero della Salute |date=September 15, 2022 |title=Relazione Ministro Salute attuazione Legge 194/78 tutela sociale maternità e interruzione volontaria di gravidanza - dati definitivi 2020 |url=https://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pubblicazioni_3236_allegato.pdf |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=Ministero della Salute}}</ref> |- |Canada |37% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Canadian Institute for Health information (CIHI) |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Induced Abortions Reported in Canada in 2021 |url=https://www.cihi.ca/sites/default/files/document/induced-abortions-reported-in-canada-2021-data-tables-en.xlsx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416194357/https://www.cihi.ca/sites/default/files/document/induced-abortions-reported-in-canada-2021-data-tables-en.xlsx |archive-date=April 16, 2023 |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=Canadian Institute for Health information (CIHI)}}</ref> |- |Belgium |38% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commission Nationale d'Evaluation des Interruptions de Grossesse |date=March 13, 2023 |title=Rapport à l'attention du Parlement 1 janvier 2020 – 31 décembre 2021 |url=https://organesdeconcertation.sante.belgique.be/sites/default/files/documents/rapport_2020-2021_fr_-_fevrier_2023.pdf |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=Commission Nationale d'Evaluation des Interruptions de Grossesse}}</ref> |- |Germany |39% in 2022<ref>{{Cite web |last=Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis) |date=March 27, 2023 |title=Schwangerschaftsabbrüche 2022 |url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Gesundheit/Schwangerschaftsabbrueche/_inhalt.html |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)}}</ref> |- |New Zealand |46% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Health |date=October 28, 2022 |title=Abortive Services Aotearoa New Zealand: Annual Report 2022 |url=https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/abortion-services-aotearoa-new-zealand-annual-report-2022-oct22.pdf |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=Ministry of Health}}</ref> |- |United States |63% in 2023<ref name="Guttmacher_2024-03-19">{{Cite web |date=March 19, 2024 |title=Medication Abortion Accounted for 63% of All US Abortions in 2023—An Increase from 53% in 2020 |url=https://www.guttmacher.org/2024/03/medication-abortion-accounted-63-all-us-abortions-2023-increase-53-2020 |publisher=[[Guttmacher Institute]]}}</ref> |- |Portugal |68% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Direção-Geral da Saúde (DGS) |date=June 3, 2022 |title=Relatório de Análise Preliminar dos Registos das Interrupções da Gravidez 2018-2021 |url=https://www.dgs.pt/documentos-e-publicacoes/interrupcoes-da-gravidez-por-opcao-da-mulher-registam-reducao-nos-ultimos-dez-anos-pdf.aspx |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=Direção-Geral da Saúde (DGS)}}</ref> |- |Slovenia |72% in 2019<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Miani C |date=December 2021 |title=Medical abortion ratios and gender equality in Europe: an ecological correlation study |journal=Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=214–231 |doi=10.1080/26410397.2021.1985814 |pmc=8567957 |pmid=34730066}}</ref> |- |France |76% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2022 |title=Interruptions volontaires de grossesse : la baisse des taux de recours se poursuit chez les plus jeunes en 2021 |url=https://drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2022-09/er1241_1.pdf |access-date=April 16, 2022 |publisher=Direction de la Recherche, des Études, de l'Évaluation et des Statistiques (DREES), Ministère de la Santé}}</ref> |- |Switzerland |80% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Office fédéral de la statistique (OFS) |date=July 6, 2022 |title=Interruptions de grossesse en 2021 |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/fr/home/statistiques/sante/etat-sante/reproductive/interruptions-grossesses.assetdetail.22986766.html |access-date=April 16, 2022 |publisher=Office fédéral de la statistique (OFS)}}</ref> |- |Denmark |83% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Regionernes Kliniske Kvalitetsudviklingsprogram (RKKP) |date=December 19, 2022 |title=Dansk Kvalitetsdatabase for Tidlig Graviditet og Abort (TiGrAb). Årsrapport 2021/22,1. juli 2021 - 30. juni 2022 |url=https://organesdeconcertation.sante.belgique.be/sites/default/files/documents/rapport_2020-2021_fr_-_fevrier_2023.pdf |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=Regionernes Kliniske Kvalitetsudviklingsprogram (RKKP)}}</ref> |- |England and Wales |87% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Office for Health Improvement & Disparities |date=March 24, 2023 |title=Abortion statistics, England and Wales: 2021 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/abortion-statistics-for-england-and-wales-2021/abortion-statistics-england-and-wales-2021 |access-date=April 16, 2022 |publisher=Office for Health Improvement & Disparities}}</ref> |- |Iceland |87% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2023 |title=Induced abortions in the Nordic countries 2021 |url=https://www.julkari.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/146285/Induced_abortions_in_Nordic_countries_2021.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (THL)}}</ref> |- |Estonia |91% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tervise Arengu Instituut (TAI) Health Statistics and Health Research Database |date=June 13, 2022 |title=RK31: Abortion method by abortion type and health care provider's county (since 2020) |url=https://statistika.tai.ee/pxweb/en/Andmebaas/Andmebaas__01Rahvastik__03Abordid/RK31.px/ |access-date=April 19, 2023 |publisher=Tervise Arengu Instituut (TAI) Health Statistics and Health Research Database}}</ref> |- |Norway |95% in 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 8, 2023 |title=Induced abortion in Norway – fact sheet |url=https://www.fhi.no/en/hn/health-registries/registry-of-pregnancy-termination/induced-abortion-in-norway/ |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=Norway Institute of Public Health (NIPH)}}</ref> |- |Sweden |96% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2022 |title=Statistik om aborter 2021 |url=https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/globalassets/sharepoint-dokument/artikelkatalog/statistik/2022-6-8007.pdf |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=Socialstyrelsen}}</ref> |- |Finland |98% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2022 |title=Raskaudenkeskeytykset 2021 |url=https://www.julkari.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/144588/Raskaudenkeskeytykset_2021.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (THL), Suomen virallinen tilasto (SVT)}}</ref> |- |Scotland |99% in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Public Health Scotland |date=May 31, 2022 |title=Termination of pregnancy statistics, Year ending December 2021 |url=https://publichealthscotland.scot/publications/termination-of-pregnancy-statistics/termination-of-pregnancy-statistics-year-ending-december-2021/ |access-date=April 16, 2022 |publisher=Public Health Scotland}}</ref> |} Wani binciken [[Cibiyar Guttmacher]] na duk sanannun masu ba da zubar da ciki a Amurka ya gano cewa zubar da ciki na likita ya kai kashi 53% na duk zubar da ciki a cikin 2020. {{R|Guttmacher_2022-02}} Wannan ƙidayar ba ta haɗa da [[Zubar da kai|zubar da ciki da kai]] ba . {{R|Guttmacher_2022-02}} A asibitocin Planned Parenthood a Amurka, zubar da ciki na likita ya kai 32% na zubar da ciki na farko a cikin 2008, <ref name="Fjerstad 2009a">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Fjerstad M, Trussell J, Sivin I, Lichtenberg ES, Cullins V |date=July 2009 |title=Rates of serious infection after changes in regimens for medical abortion |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine |volume=361 |issue=2 |pages=145–151 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa0809146 |pmc=3568698 |pmid=19587339}}</ref> 35% na duk zubar da ciki a 2010 da 43% na duk zubar da ciki a 2014.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 31, 2016 |title=Abortion Pill Statistics: Medication Pregnancy Termination Rivals Surgery Rates In The United States |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/abortion-pill-statistics-medication-pregnancy-termination-rivals-surgery-rates-united-2439421 |access-date=April 19, 2018 |work=International Business Times |vauthors=Mindock C}}</ref> A cikin 2009, tsarin zubar da ciki na likita ta amfani da mifepristone a hade tare da analog na prostaglandin sune mafi yawan hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don haifar da zubar da ciki na biyu a Kanada, yawancin Turai, China da Indiya;<ref name="Kapp 20092" /> ya bambanta da Amurka, inda 96% na zubar da ciki na biyu-trimester an yi ta tiyata ta hanyar [[dilation da fitarwa]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy : comprehensive abortion care|url=https://archive.org/details/managementuninte00paul|url-access=limited|vauthors=Hammond C, Chasen ST|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4051-7696-5|veditors=Paul M, Lichtenberg ES, Borgatta L, Grimes DA, Stubblefield PG, Creinin MD|location=Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/managementuninte00paul/page/n197 178]–192|chapter=Dilation and evacuation}}</ref> == Tarihi == Masu binciken Sweden sun fara gwada yiwuwar [[zubar da ciki]] a cikin 1965. A cikin 1968, likitan Sweden [[Lars Engström]] ya buga takarda kan gwaji na asibiti, wanda aka gudanar a asibitin mata na [[Asibitin Karolinska]] a Stockholm, na fili na F6103 akan matan Sweden masu ciki da nufin haifar da zubar da ciki. Ita ce gwajin asibiti na farko na kwayar zubar da ciki da za a gudanar a Sweden.<ref>{{Cite book|vauthors=Ramsey M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J_9CzgEACAAJ|title=The Swedish Abortion Pill: Co-Producing Medical Abortion and Values, Ca. 1965-1992|date=2021|publisher=Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis|isbn=978-91-513-1121-0}}</ref> Takardar, wanda aka fara mai suna ''The Swedish zubar da ciki Pill'', an sake masa suna zuwa ''The Swedish Postconception Pill'', saboda ƙananan adadin zubar da ciki da aka haifar da ya faru a cikin yawan mutanen da aka gwada. Bayan waɗannan yunƙurin ba su yi nasara ba tare da F6103, masu bincike guda ɗaya sun yi ƙoƙari su nemo kwayar zubar da ciki tare da [[Prostaglandin|prostaglandins]], suna yin amfani da yawan masana kimiyya na prostaglandin da ke aiki a Sweden a lokacin; Daga karshe an ba su [[Jerin wadanda suka samu lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin Jiki ko Magunguna|lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin Physiology a shekarar 1982]] saboda aikinsu. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Raju TN |date=November 1999 |title=The Nobel chronicles. 1982: Sune Karl Bergström (b 1916); Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson (b 1934); John Robert Vane (b 1927) |journal=Lancet |volume=354 |issue=9193 |pages=1914 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(05)76884-7 |pmid=10584758 |s2cid=54236400}}</ref> Zubar da ciki na likita ya zama hanyar samun nasarar zubar da ciki tare da samun [[Prostaglandin analogues|prostaglandin analogs]] a cikin 1970s da antiprogestogen mifepristone (wanda aka fi sani da RU-486) <ref name="RU-486">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Rowan A |date=2015 |title=Prosecuting Women for Self-Inducing Abortion: Counterproductive and Lacking Compassion |url=http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/18/3/gpr1807015.html |journal=Guttmacher Policy Review |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=70–76 |access-date=October 12, 2015 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114230/http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/18/3/gpr1807015.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> a cikin 1980s.<ref name="Kapp 20092" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Methotrexate and Misoprostol for Abortion |url=http://www.webmd.com/women/methotrexate-and-misoprostol-for-abortion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227080619/http://www.webmd.com/women/methotrexate-and-misoprostol-for-abortion |archive-date=February 27, 2015 |website=Women's Health |publisher=WebMD}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Zhang J, Zhou K, Shan D, Luo X |date=May 2022 |title=Medical methods for first trimester abortion |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2022 |issue=5 |pages=CD002855 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002855.pub5 |pmc=9128719 |pmid=35608608}}</ref> An fara amincewa da Mifepristone don amfani a China da Faransa a 1988, a Burtaniya a 1991, a Sweden a 1992, a Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Georgia, Jamus, Girka, Iceland, Isra'ila, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Rasha, Spain, da Switzerland a 1999, a Norway, Taiwan, Tunisia, da Amurka a 2000, da kuma a cikin ƙarin ƙasashe 70 daga 2001 zuwa 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gynuity Health Projects |date=March 14, 2023 |title=Map of Mifepristone Approvals |url=https://gynuity.org/assets/resources/mapmifelist_en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529053718/https://gynuity.org/assets/resources/mapmifelist_en.pdf |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |access-date=April 16, 2023 |publisher=Gynuity Health Projects}}</ref> A shekara ta 2000, FDA ta Amurka ta amince da mifepristone don zubar da ciki ta hanyar kwanakin 49 na ciki. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Creinin MD, Chen MJ |date=August 2016 |title=Medical abortion reporting of efficacy: the MARE guidelines |journal=Contraception |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=97–103 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2016.04.013 |pmid=27129936 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A cikin 2016, FDA ta Amurka ta sabunta alamar mifepristone don tallafawa amfani ta cikin kwanaki 70 na ciki.<ref name="Mifepristone FDA label" /> == Samun damar zubar da ciki na likita == Duka kwayoyi{{Spaced en dash}}Mifepristone da misoprostol{{Spaced en dash}}Ba a rufe ta da haƙƙin mallaka na miyagun ƙwayoyi, don haka ana samun su azaman [[Magani na gama-gari|magungunan gama-gari]] . === Samuwar ma'auni === Abubuwan da ake buƙata don takardar sayan magani sun bambanta tsakanin ƙasashe. Kasashe da yawa suna samar da magungunan zubar da ciki na likita [[Kan kanshi|akan kantuna]], ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba, kamar China, Indiya, da sauransu. <ref name="OSCOTC">{{Cite web |last=Oral Contraceptives Over-the-Counter Working Group |title=Global Oral Contraception Availability |url=https://ocsotc.org/wp-content/uploads/worldmap/worldmap.html |publisher=}}</ref> Wasu ƙasashe suna buƙatar takardar magani (Kanada, yawancin Yammacin Turai, Amurka, da sauransu). <ref name="OSCOTC" /> Wasu ƙasashe suna buƙatar takardar sayan magani amma basu da hankali game da aiwatar da wannan buƙatun (Rasha, Brazil, da sauransu). <ref name="OSCOTC" /> === Samun damar wayar tarho === [[Telehealth]] ya haɗa da samun damar yin amfani da sabis na likita wanda mutum zai iya yi a gida, ba tare da kai-tsaye zuwa asibiti ko ofisoshin samarwa ba. Mutanen da suka yi amfani da rahoton kiwon lafiya na wayar tarho sun gamsu da damar da yake bayarwa ga ayyukan zubar da ciki. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ireland S, Belton S, Doran F |date=March 2020 |title='I didn't feel judged': exploring women's access to telemedicine abortion in rural Australia |journal=Journal of Primary Health Care |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=49–56 |doi=10.1071/HC19050 |pmid=32223850 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ehrenreich K, Kaller S, Raifman S, Grossman D |date=September 2019 |title=Women's Experiences Using Telemedicine to Attend Abortion Information Visits in Utah: A Qualitative Study |journal=Women's Health Issues |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=407–413 |doi=10.1016/j.whi.2019.04.009 |pmid=31109883 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, waɗanda zasu iya buƙatar sabis ɗin (waɗanda ke kurkuku, ba a gida, ko kuma masu ƙarancin kuɗi) galibi ana hana su shiga. <ref name="vox03">{{Cite web |date=March 21, 2022 |title=The FDA made mail-order abortion pills legal. Access is still a nightmare. |url=https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/22968993/abortion-pills-mail-medication-fda-texas |access-date=May 19, 2022 |website=Vox}}</ref> === Clinic-zuwa asibiti === A cikin wannan ƙirar, mai bada sabis yana tattaunawa da majiyyaci da ke wani rukunin yanar gizo ta amfani da taron bidiyo na asibiti-zuwa asibiti don ba da zubar da ciki na magani. An gabatar da wannan ta [[Shirye-shiryen Iyaye|Planned Parenthood]] na Heartland a Iowa don ba da damar majiyyaci a wata cibiyar kiwon lafiya don sadarwa ta ingantaccen bidiyo tare da mai ba da lafiya a wani wurin. <ref name="Guttmacher 2019">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2019 |title=Improving Access to Abortion via Telehealth |url=https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2019/05/improving-access-abortion-telehealth |access-date=April 21, 2020 |publisher=Guttmacher Institute}}</ref> Wannan samfurin ya faɗaɗa zuwa wasu Shirye-shiryen Iyaye a cikin jihohi da yawa da sauran asibitocin da ke ba da kulawar zubar da ciki. <ref name="Guttmacher 2019" /> === Samun kai tsaye zuwa ga marasa lafiya === Tsarin kai tsaye-zuwa-haƙuri yana ba da damar zubar da ciki na magani ba tare da ziyarar asibiti ta cikin mutum ba. Maimakon ziyarar asibiti a cikin mutum, majiyyaci yana karɓar shawarwari da umarni daga mai ba da zubar da ciki ta hanyar taron bidiyo. Mara lafiya na iya kasancewa a kowane wuri, gami da gidansu. Ana aika magungunan da ake buƙata don zubar da ciki kai tsaye zuwa ga majiyyaci. Wannan samfuri ne, da ake kira TelAbortion ko rashin gwajin magani zubar da ciki (tsohon zubar da ciki na magani ba tare da taɓawa ba), wanda Ayyukan Lafiya na Gynuity ke gwadawa da yin nazari, tare da izini na musamman daga [[Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna]] ta Amurka (FDA). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Telabortion Project |url=https://telabortion.org/about/ |access-date=April 26, 2020}}</ref> An nuna wannan samfurin yana da aminci, inganci, inganci, kuma mai gamsarwa.<ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Raymond E, Chong E, Winikoff B, Platais I, Mary M, Lotarevich T, Castillo PW, Kaneshiro B, Tschann M, Fontanilla T, Baldwin M, Schnyer A, Coplon L, Mathieu N, Bednarek P, Keady M, Priegue E |date=September 2019 |title=TelAbortion: evaluation of a direct to patient telemedicine abortion service in the United States |journal=Contraception |volume=100 |issue=3 |pages=173–177 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2019.05.013 |pmid=31170384 |s2cid=174811252 |doi-access=}}</ref> <ref name="Upadhyay etal 2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Upadhyay UD, Koenig LR, Meckstroth KR |date=August 2021 |title=Safety and Efficacy of Telehealth Medication Abortions in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic |journal=JAMA Network Open |volume=4 |issue=8 |pages=e2122320 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22320 |pmc=8385590 |pmid=34427682}}</ref> Ana iya tabbatar da cikakkiyar zubar da ciki ta hanyar tantancewa ta wayar tarho. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Chen MJ, Rounds KM, Creinin MD, Cansino C, Hou MY |date=August 2016 |title=Comparing office and telephone follow-up after medical abortion |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8d2753qm |journal=Contraception |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=122–126 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2016.04.007 |pmid=27101901 |s2cid=27825883}}</ref> === Tasirin COVID-19 === Cutar ta COVID-19 ta kalubalanci masu tsara manufofin kiwon lafiya a duk duniya wanda ya haifar da tasirin kai tsaye da kai tsaye kan samun lafiyar haihuwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Neill R, Hasan MZ, Das P, Venugopal V, Jain N, Arora D, Gupta S |date=May 2021 |title=Evidence of integrated health service delivery during COVID-19 in low and lower-middle-income countries: protocol for a scoping review |journal=BMJ Open |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=e042872 |doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042872 |pmc=8098290 |pmid=33941625 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=McDonnell S, McNamee E, Lindow SW, O'Connell MP |date=December 2020 |title=The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services: A review of maternal and neonatal outcomes before, during and after the pandemic |journal=European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology |volume=255 |pages=172–176 |doi=10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.023 |pmc=7550066 |pmid=33142263}}</ref> Babban raguwar samuwa da isar da mahimmancin kula da lafiyar jima'i, gami da zubar da ciki mai aminci, a tsakanin cutar ta COVID-19 ta haifar da karuwar rikice-rikice da asarar rayuka yayin daukar ciki. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Roberton T, Carter ED, Chou VB, Stegmuller AR, Jackson BD, Tam Y, Sawadogo-Lewis T, Walker N |date=July 2020 |title=Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study |journal=The Lancet. Global Health |volume=8 |issue=7 |pages=e901–e908 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30229-1 |pmc=7217645 |pmid=32405459}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Riley T, Sully E, Ahmed Z, Biddlecom A |date=April 2020 |title=Estimates of the Potential Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sexual and Reproductive Health In Low- and Middle-Income Countries |journal=International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health |volume=46 |pages=73–76 |doi=10.1363/46e9020 |jstor=10.1363/46e9020 |pmid=32343244 |s2cid=216595145}}</ref> Masu ciki sun nemi samun zubar da ciki na likita fiye da zubar da ciki na tiyata a lokacin bala'in, kuma sun gwammace ikon yin zubar da ciki na likita a gida ta hanyar sabis na kiwon lafiya. <ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Qaderi K, Khodavirdilou R, Kalhor M, Behbahani BM, Keshavarz M, Bashtian MH, Dabir M, Irani M, Manouchehri E, Farahani MF, Mallah MA, Shamsabadi A |date=April 2023 |title=Abortion services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review |journal=Reproductive Health |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=61 |doi=10.1186/s12978-023-01582-3 |pmc=10098996 |pmid=37055839 |doi-access=free |title-link=doi}}</ref> <ref name="Boydell 2021">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Boydell N, Reynolds-Wright JJ, Cameron ST, Harden J |date=October 2021 |title=Women's experiences of a telemedicine abortion service (up to 12 weeks) implemented during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: a qualitative evaluation |journal=BJOG |volume=128 |issue=11 |pages=1752–1761 |doi=10.1111/1471-0528.16813 |pmc=8441904 |pmid=34138505}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Chong E, Shochet T, Raymond E, Platais I, Anger HA, Raidoo S, Soon R, Grant MS, Haskell S, Tocce K, Baldwin MK, Boraas CM, Bednarek PH, Banks J, Coplon L, Thompson F, Priegue E, Winikoff B |date=July 2021 |title=Expansion of a direct-to-patient telemedicine abortion service in the United States and experience during the COVID-19 pandemic |journal=Contraception |volume=104 |issue=1 |pages=43–48 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2021.03.019 |pmc=9748604 |pmid=33781762}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Aiken AR, Starling JE, Gomperts R, Tec M, Scott JG, Aiken CE |date=October 2020 |title=Demand for Self-Managed Online Telemedicine Abortion in the United States During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic |journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=136 |issue=4 |pages=835–837 |doi=10.1097/AOG.0000000000004081 |pmc=7505141 |pmid=32701762}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Romanis EC, Parsons JA |date=December 2020 |title=Legal and policy responses to the delivery of abortion care during COVID-19 |journal=International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics |volume=151 |issue=3 |pages=479–486 |doi=10.1002/ijgo.13377 |pmc=9087790 |pmid=32931598}}</ref> <ref name="Reynolds-Wright etal 2021">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Reynolds-Wright JJ, Johnstone A, McCabe K, Evans E, Cameron S |date=October 2021 |title=Telemedicine medical abortion at home under 12 weeks' gestation: a prospective observational cohort study during the COVID-19 pandemic |journal=BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=246–251 |doi=10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200976 |pmc=7868129 |pmid=33542062}}</ref> Bayanai sun nuna cewa karuwar amfani da telemedicine don ayyukan zubar da ciki a wannan lokacin ya kasance sakamakon tsoron COVID-19, rage ikon tafiya, umarnin zama a gida, babban ɓoyewa, da kwanciyar hankali na kulawar gida. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kaller S, Muñoz MG, Sharma S, Tayel S, Ahlbach C, Cook C, Upadhyay UD |date=2021 |title=Abortion service availability during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a national census of abortion facilities in the U.S |journal=Contraception |volume=3 |pages=100067 |doi=10.1016/j.conx.2021.100067 |pmc=8292833 |pmid=34308330}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Porter Erlank C, Lord J, Church K |date=October 2021 |title=Acceptability of no-test medical abortion provided via telemedicine during Covid-19: analysis of patient-reported outcomes |journal=BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=261–268 |doi=10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200954 |pmid=33602718 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan bayanan sun goyi bayan aminci da inganci na sabis na zubar da ciki na telehealth, kuma sun nuna karuwar bukatar sa. Tsanani da adadin rikice-rikice bayan sabis na zubar da ciki na telehealth ya yi ƙasa, yana kwatanta ƙimar rikicewar zubar da ciki na gabaɗaya, gami da waɗanda aka yi a cikin asibitoci ko wasu wuraren kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Upadhyay etal 2011" /> === Amurka === A cikin Amurka, kowane kantin magani na iya cika takardun magani na mifepristone - kan layi ko [[Brick-da-turmi|bulo-da-turmi]] - wanda ya sami takaddun shaida na musamman. <ref>{{Cite news |date=December 16, 2021 |title=FDA relaxes restrictions on abortion pill |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/12/16/1064951611/today-is-the-fda-s-deadline-to-complete-a-review-of-its-rules-for-abortion-pill |access-date=May 19, 2022 |publisher=NPR}}</ref> An aiwatar da wannan tsarin na ɗan lokaci a cikin Dec 2021, kuma [[Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna]] ta Amurka (FDA) ta kammala shi a cikin Janairu 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 4, 2023 |title=FDA finalizes rule expanding availability of abortion pills |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2023-01-03/fda-finalizes-rule-allowing-mail-order-abortion-pills |access-date=June 14, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=Mifeprex (mifepristone) Information |url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/information-about-mifepristone-medical-termination-pregnancy-through-ten-weeks-gestation |access-date=3 April 2024 |publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)}}</ref> Daga 2011 har zuwa 2021, ana buƙatar mace ta ziyarci [[mai ba da lafiya]] a cikin mutum (a asibiti ko ofis) kuma ta karɓi mifepristone kai tsaye daga mai badawa. <ref name="kff">{{Cite web |date=April 6, 2022 |title=The Availability and Use of Medication Abortion |url=https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-availability-and-use-of-medication-abortion/ |access-date=May 19, 2022 |publisher=Kaiser Family Foundation}}</ref> FDA ta cire buƙatun ziyartar asibiti don karɓar maganin a cikin Disamba 2021, yayin [[Annobar COVID-19 a Amurka|bala'in COVID-19]] . A karkashin sabbin dokokin, ana iya samun takardar sayan magani ta hanyar wayar tarho (kiran waya ko taron bidiyo tare da mai ba da lafiya), sannan a cika shi a kowane kantin magani da aka tabbatar. <ref name="FDAQA">{{Cite web |date=December 16, 2021 |title=Questions and Answers on Mifeprex |url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/questions-and-answers-mifeprex |publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)}}</ref> <ref name="FDA mifepristone2">{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2022 |title=Mifeprex (mifepristone) Information |url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/mifeprex-mifepristone-information |publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)}}</ref> <ref name="NYT 2020-04-282">{{Cite news |date=April 28, 2020 |title=Abortion by Telemedicine: A Growing Option as Access to Clinics Wanes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/28/health/telabortion-abortion-telemedicine.html |access-date=May 5, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |vauthors=Belluck P}}</ref> A lokaci guda FDA ta cire abin da ake buƙata don ziyarar cikin mutum, sun ƙara da buƙatu cewa rarraba magunguna su kasance "sharaɗi", wanda ke buƙatar kantin magani ya sami izini na musamman don ba da magungunan.{{Spaced en dash}}bukatu da FDA ta gindaya akan magunguna 40 kawai daga cikin fiye da 19,000 da take gudanarwa. <ref>{{Cite news |date=May 3, 2022 |title=The Abortion Pill Is Safer Than Tylenol and Almost Impossible to Get |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-02-17/abortion-pill-mifepristone-is-safer-than-tylenol-and-almost-impossible-to-get |access-date=June 30, 2022 |work=Bloomberg |vauthors=Koons C}}</ref> Magani na biyu da ake amfani da shi wajen zubar da ciki na likita, misoprostol, an fi amfani da shi don magance ciwon ciki, kuma ba a taɓa fuskantar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun mifepristone ba, kuma koyaushe ana samun su daga kantin magani tare da takardar sayan magani.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2024}} FDA ba ta ba da izinin yin amfani da mifepristone don zubar da ciki na likita ba bayan kwanaki 70, ba kamar sauran ƙasashe ba, waɗanda ke ba da izinin zubar da ciki na likita a cikin na biyu trimester har ma da na uku trimester.<ref name="FDAQA" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wildschut H, Both MI, Medema S, Thomee E, Wildhagen MF, Kapp N |date=January 2011 |title=Medical methods for mid-trimester termination of pregnancy |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2011 |issue=1 |pages=CD005216 |doi=10.1002/14651858.cd005216.pub2 |pmc=8557267 |pmid=21249669}}</ref> Wasu jihohi sun zartar da dokokin da suka hana masu samar da bincike bincikar mace ta hanyar wayar tarho ko taron bidiyo, maimakon haka suna buƙatar matar ta kai ziyarar kai tsaye ga mai ba da magani don samun takardar sayan magani. <ref name="CNN_TEN2">{{Cite news |date=May 6, 2022 |title=Governor signs bill criminalizing mail-in abortion drugs |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/06/us/tennessee-abortion-pills-by-mail-bill/index.html |access-date=June 30, 2022 |publisher=CNN |vauthors=Watts A}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 7, 2022 |title=Mail-order abortion pills become next US reproductive rights battleground |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/apr/07/us-mail-order-abortions-oklahoma |access-date=June 30, 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]] |vauthors=Matei A}}</ref> A yawancin jihohi, ana iya aikawa da magungunan zubar da ciki daga kantin magani ga majiyyaci ta hanyar wasiku, amma wasu jihohi sun zartar da dokar da ta haramta hakan, kuma suna buƙatar samun magungunan daga kantin magani ko mai badawa a cikin mutum.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wildschut H, Both MI, Medema S, Thomee E, Wildhagen MF, Kapp N |date=January 2011 |title=Medical methods for mid-trimester termination of pregnancy |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2011 |issue=1 |pages=CD005216 |doi=10.1002/14651858.cd005216.pub2 |pmc=8557267 |pmid=21249669}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 7, 2022 |title=Mail-order abortion pills become next US reproductive rights battleground |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/apr/07/us-mail-order-abortions-oklahoma |access-date=June 30, 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]] |vauthors=Matei A}}</ref> [[Fayil:2022.06.24_Roe_v_Wade_Overturned_-_SCOTUS,_Washington,_DC_USA_175_143208_(52170905969).jpg|thumb|Amincewa da Hoto: Ted Eytan - 2022.06.24 Roe v Wade Ya Juye - SCOTUS, Washington, DC Amurka 175 143208.]] Sha'awar magungunan zubar da ciki a Amurka ta kai matsayi mafi girma a cikin 2022, bayan da [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka]] ta yi watsi da daftarin ''[[Dobbs v. Kungiyar Lafiya ta Mata ta Jackson|Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organisation]]'' wanda zai soke hukuncin ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' na 1973 ta yanar gizo. <ref name="poliak">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Poliak A, Satybaldiyeva N, Strathdee SA, Leas EC, Rao R, Smith D, Ayers JW |date=September 2022 |title=Internet Searches for Abortion Medications Following the Leaked Supreme Court of the United States Draft Ruling |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |volume=182 |issue=9 |pages=1002–1004 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.2998 |pmc=9244771 |pmid=35767270}}</ref> Sha'awa ta kasance mafi girma a jihohin da ke da ƙarin hani kan samun zubar da ciki. <ref name="poliak" /> Masu fafutukar [[Ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin zubar da ciki|zabar zabi]] a Amurka sun binciko hanyoyin da za a samar da zubar da ciki na likita, musamman a jihohin da ke da iyaka, tare da amfani da albarkatun [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin watsa labarun]] don wannan dalili. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2022 |title=The Future of Abortion in a Post-Roe America |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/05/roe-v-wade-overturn-abortion-rights/629366/ |access-date=June 30, 2022 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2022 |title=The activists championing DIY abortions for a post-Roe v Wade world |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/may/07/abortion-pill-at-home-activists-future-roe-v-wade |access-date=June 30, 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Need help getting an abortion? Social media flooded with resources after Roe reversal |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/investigations/2022/06/28/supreme-court-roe-abortion-help-funds-instagram-tiktok/7728639001/ |access-date=June 29, 2022 |website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grossi P, O'Connor D |date=2023 |title=FDA preemption of conflicting state drug regulation and the looming battle over abortion medications |journal=Journal of Law and the Biosciences |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=lsad005 |doi=10.1093/jlb/lsad005 |pmc=10017072 |pmid=36938304 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Dangane da takunkumin zubar da ciki da wasu jihohi suka sanya bayan hukuncin Dobbs na shari'a, kungiyoyi da yawa da ke ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya na sadarwa da suka shafi zubar da ciki na likita, irin su [[Shirin C|Plan C]] da [[Hai Jane|Hey Jane]], sun ga karuwar tambayoyi da amfani. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Baker CN |date=August 2023 |title=History and Politics of Medication Abortion in the United States and the Rise of Telemedicine and Self-Managed Abortion |journal=Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=485–510 |doi=10.1215/03616878-10449941 |pmid=36693178}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jenkins J, Woodside F, Lipinsky K, Simmonds K, Coplon L |date=November 2021 |title=Abortion With Pills: Review of Current Options in The United States |journal=Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health |volume=66 |issue=6 |pages=749–757 |doi=10.1111/jmwh.13291 |pmid=34699129}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Howard S, Krishna G |date=October 2022 |title=How the US scrapping of Roe v Wade threatens the global medical abortion revolution |journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) |volume=379 |issue= |pages=o2349 |doi=10.1136/bmj.o2349 |pmid=36261168}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2023 |title=Insurers Are Starting to Cover Telehealth Abortion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/18/upshot/abortion-pills-telehealth-insurance.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=A Texas Republican Wants to Ban People From Reading About How to Get an Abortion Online |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2023/03/texas-abortion-websites-ban |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2023, Gwamna [[Mark Gordon]] na Wyoming ya sanya hannu kan wata doka da ta haramta amfani da kwayoyin zubar da ciki a cikin jihar, wanda ya zama jihar Amurka ta farko da ta haramta zubar da ciki daban-daban daga hana duk ayyukan zubar da ciki. Sabuwar dokar, wacce ta fara aiki a watan Yuli 2023, ta haramta "rubutun magani, rarrabawa, rarrabawa, siyarwa, ko amfani da kowane magani" don samun ko zubar da ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SF0109 - Prohibiting chemical abortions. |url=https://www.wyoleg.gov/Legislation/2023/SF0109 |access-date=February 1, 2024 |publisher=Wyoming Legislature}}</ref> Wadanda suka karya doka, ban da mai juna biyu, ana iya tuhumar su da aikata wani laifi kuma za su iya fuskantar tarar dala 9,000 da kuma daurin watanni shida a gidan yari.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 18, 2023 |title=Wyoming Becomes First State to Outlaw Abortion Pills |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/17/us/wyoming-abortion-pills-ban.html |access-date=March 18, 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |vauthors=Chen DW, Belluck P}}</ref> Wasu jihohi goma sha hudu sun kafa dokar hana zubar da ciki bargo da suka hada da zubar da ciki na likitanci, duk da haka, kuma jihohi goma sha biyar sun riga sun takaita amfani da wadannan magunguna. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2016 |title=Medication Abortion |url=https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/medication-abortion |access-date=February 1, 2024 |publisher=Guttmacher Institute}}</ref> A cikin Maris 2024, wasu manyan sarƙoƙi na kantin magani, irin su [[CVS Pharmacy|CVS]] da [[Walgreens]], sun karɓi takaddun shaida daga FDA don ba da mifepristone kuma suna shirin ba da shi don siyarwa a cikin jihohin da ke da doka. <ref name="CNN 20240301">{{cite news |date=1 March 2024 |title=CVS, Walgreens say they'll start dispensing abortion pill mifepristone |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/01/health/cvs-walgreens-to-dispense-abortion-pill-mifepristone/index.html |access-date=3 April 2024 |publisher=CNN |vauthors=Tirrell M, Carvajal N}}</ref> A cikin waɗancan jihohin, matan da ke neman zubar da ciki za su ziyarci ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya don samun takardar magani, amma za su iya siyan maganin a wani kantin magani da aka ƙware, maimakon buƙatar jiki ta karɓi ta kai tsaye daga asibiti, asibiti, ko kiwon lafiya. mai bayarwa. <ref name="CNN 20240301" /> == Al'umma da al'adu == Hukumar ta WHO ta tabbatar da cewa ya kamata dokoki da manufofi su goyi bayan samun damar mutane don samun kulawar da aka amince da su ta hanyar shaida, gami da zubar da ciki. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Medical management of abortion|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|year=2018|isbn=978-9241550406|pages=24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2019 |title=Human Rights and Health |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-rights-and-health |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}</ref> === Rigimar "juyawa". === Wasu kungiyoyin [[Motsin hana zubar da ciki|hana zubar da ciki]] suna da'awar cewa marasa lafiya da suka canza ra'ayinsu game da zubar da ciki bayan shan mifepristone na iya "juya" zubar da ciki ta hanyar gudanar da progesterone (kuma ba gudanar da misoprostol ba). <ref>{{cite news |date=April 4, 2018 |title=As controversial 'abortion reversal' laws increase, researcher says new data shows protocol can work |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2018/04/03/as-controversial-abortion-reversal-laws-multiply-researcher-says-new-data-shows-it-can-work-critics-are-still-skeptical/ |access-date=April 23, 2018 |vauthors=Cha AE}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=California Board of Nursing Sanctions Unproven Abortion 'Reversal' (Updated) - Rewire |url=https://rewire.news/article/2017/08/17/california-board-nursing-sanctions-unproven-abortion-reversal/ |access-date=November 23, 2017 |work=Rewire}}</ref> Tun daga shekarar 2022, babu wata kwakkwarar hujja ta kimiyya cewa za a iya juya tasirin mifepristone ta wannan hanyar. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bhatti KZ, Nguyen AT, Stuart GS |date=March 2018 |title=Medical abortion reversal: science and politics meet |journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=218 |issue=3 |pages=315.e1–315.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.555 |pmid=29141197 |s2cid=205373684}}</ref> <ref name="NPR 2019-12-052">{{Cite news |date=December 5, 2019 |title=Safety Problems Lead To Early End For Study Of 'Abortion Pill Reversal' |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/12/05/785262221/safety-problems-lead-to-early-end-for-study-of-abortion-pill-reversal |access-date=December 6, 2019 |newspaper=NPR |vauthors=Gordon M}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Grossman D, White K, Harris L, Reeves M, Blumenthal PD, Winikoff B, Grimes DA |date=September 2015 |title=Continuing pregnancy after mifepristone and "reversal" of first-trimester medical abortion: a systematic review |journal=Contraception |volume=92 |issue=3 |pages=206–211 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2015.06.001 |pmid=26057457}}</ref> Duk da haka, jihohi da yawa a Amurka suna buƙatar masu samar da zubar da ciki ba na tiyata ba waɗanda ke amfani da mifepristone don gaya wa marasa lafiya cewa juyawa zaɓi ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2016 |title=Counseling and Waiting Periods for Abortion |url=https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/counseling-and-waiting-periods-abortion |publisher=The Guttmacher Institute}}</ref> A cikin 2019, masu bincike sun ƙaddamar da ƙaramin gwaji na abin da ake kira tsarin "juyawa" ta amfani da mifepristone wanda ke biye da progesterone ko placebo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=March 22, 2019 |title=Controversial 'Abortion Reversal' Regimen is Put to the Test |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/03/22/688783130/controversial-abortion-reversal-regimen-is-put-to-the-test |newspaper=NPR |vauthors=Gordon M}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 17, 2019 |title=There's no proof "abortion reversals" are real. This study could end the debate |url=https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/j5wqqp/theres-no-proof-abortion-reversals-are-real-this-study-could-end-the-debate |website=Vice |access-date=September 3, 2024 |archive-date=July 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704025003/https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/j5wqqp/theres-no-proof-abortion-reversals-are-real-this-study-could-end-the-debate |url-status=dead }}</ref> An dakatar da binciken ne bayan da mata 12 suka yi rajista sannan uku sun samu mummunan zubar jini a cikin farji. Sakamakon ya haifar da damuwa mai tsanani game da amfani da mifepristone ba tare da bin misoprostol ba. <ref name="NPR 2019-12-05">{{Cite news |date=December 5, 2019 |title=Safety Problems Lead To Early End For Study Of 'Abortion Pill Reversal' |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/12/05/785262221/safety-problems-lead-to-early-end-for-study-of-abortion-pill-reversal |access-date=December 6, 2019 |newspaper=NPR |vauthors=Gordon M}}</ref> === Ilimin tattalin arziki === A cikin Amurka, a cikin 2009, farashin da aka caje don zubar da ciki na likita har zuwa makonni tara na ciki shine {{US$|490}}, kashi huɗu sama da $470 na al'ada da ake cajin [[zubar da ciki]] a cikin makonni goma. <ref name="Jones 2011">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jones RK, Kooistra K |date=March 2011 |title=Abortion incidence and access to services in the United States, 2008 |journal=Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=41–50 |doi=10.1363/4304111 |pmid=21388504 |s2cid=2045184}}</ref> A Amurka, a cikin 2008, kashi 57% na matan da suka zubar da ciki sun biya su [[Kudin aljihu|daga aljihu]] .<ref name="Jones 2011" /> A cikin Afrilu 2013, gwamnatin Ostiraliya ta fara aikin tantancewa don yanke shawarar ko za a lissafta mifepristone (RU486) da misoprostol akan [[Tsarin Amfanin Magunguna]] na ƙasar (PBS). <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2013 |title=Abortion drugs closer to being subsidised but some states still lag |url=http://theconversation.com/abortion-drugs-closer-to-being-subsidised-but-some-states-still-lag-13772 |access-date=April 29, 2013 |website=[[The Conversation Australia]]}}</ref> A cikin Yuni 2013, [[Ministan lafiya na Australia|Ministan Lafiya na Ostiraliya]] ya sanar da cewa Gwamnatin Ostiraliya ta amince da jerin sunayen mifepristone da misoprostol akan PBS don ƙarewar likita a farkon ciki daidai da shawarar [[Kwamitin Shawarar Amfanin Magunguna|Kwamitin Shawarwari na Amfanin Magunguna]] . <ref name="PBS">{{Cite web |title=March 2013 PBAC Outcomes - Positive Recommendations |url=https://www.pbs.gov.au/info/industry/listing/elements/pbac-meetings/pbac-outcomes/2013-03/positive-recommendations |access-date=October 22, 2020 |publisher=Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care}}</ref> Lissafi akan PBS sun fara a watan Agusta 2013. <ref name="RADAR">{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2013 |title=Mifepristone (Mifepristone Linepharma) followed by misoprostol (GyMiso) for medical termination of pregnancy of up to 49 days' gestation |url=https://www.nps.org.au/radar/articles/mifepristone-mifepristone-linepharma-followed-by-misoprostol-gy-miso-for-medical-termination-of-pregnancy-of-up-to-49-days-gestation |access-date=October 22, 2020 |website=RADAR Review |publisher=National Prescribing Service (NPS) MedicineWise}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) |url=https://www.pbs.gov.au/medicine/item/10211K |access-date=June 14, 2023 |publisher=Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care}}</ref> == Manazarta == aq1l4sghc3s01u8mlvtukc6ggvjob8e 0 85492 823983 596223 2026-04-22T07:45:42Z ~2026-24744-08 44215 823983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Steven Wolfe''' (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 1978), wanda aka fi sani da shahara da sunan Johnny Sins, ɗan wasan fim ne na kasar Amurka, darekta ne, kuma mai amfani da kafar sadarwa ta yutub. Yana daga cikin shahararrun fina-finai na maza masu basira kuma an san shi da aske kansa, jiki mai tsoka, da idanu masu launin shudi a kamalar jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodellar |first=Pol |last2=Iris Simón |first2=Ana |date=January 9, 2018 |title=Las tendencias de consumo de porno en España 2017 nos han hecho pensar |url=https://www.vice.com/es/article/yw5qzw/jordi-nino-polla-actor-porno-resultados-pornhub-2017-espana |access-date=September 3, 2018 |publisher=Vice Media}}</ref> yasamu Kyaututtuka wadanda sun hada da AVN Awards guda uku don Maza na Shekara. <ref name="IAFD1">{{Cite web |last=Vanzetti |date=November 28, 2014 |title=AVN Awards Nominations 2015: Individual Performer Awards |url=https://blog.iafd.com/2014/11/28/avn-awards-nominations-2015-individual-performer-awards/ |access-date=August 30, 2018 |publisher=[[Internet Adult Film Database]]}}</ref> Ya kasance mai batun Memes wanda ke ci gaba da manyan ayyuka iri-iri da halayensa na batsa suka yi aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bateman |first=Effie |date=February 4, 2022 |title=Scotty From Marketing Now On Par With Johnny Sins For Amount Of Different Jobs He's Tried Out |url=https://www.betootaadvocate.com/uncategorized/scotty-from-marketing-now-on-par-with-johnny-sins-for-amount-of-different-jobs-hes-tried-out/ |access-date=September 7, 2022 |website=The Betoota Advocate |language=en-AU}}</ref> awek michael aerron kelia suba An haifi johnny Sins wato Steven Wolfe <ref name="Vice">{{Cite web |last=Urdaneta |first=Diego |date=July 5, 2017 |title=10 domande che hai sempre voluto fare al pelato di Brazzers |url=https://www.vice.com/it/article/zmvnpy/johnny-sins-brazzers-10-domande |access-date=August 30, 2018 |publisher=[[Vice Media]]}}</ref> a ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] irswny1gn3mwgvjt3e8jwmjnt9yq0lp 823985 823983 2026-04-22T07:47:30Z ~2026-24744-08 44215 Sorry 823985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Steven Wolfe''' (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 1978), wanda aka fi sani da shahara da sunan Johnny Sins, ɗan wasan fim ne na kasar Amurka, darekta ne, kuma mai amfani da kafar sadarwa ta yutub. Yana daga cikin shahararrun fina-finai na maza masu basira kuma an san shi da aske kansa, jiki mai tsoka, da idanu masu launin shudi a kamalar jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodellar |first=Pol |last2=Iris Simón |first2=Ana |date=January 9, 2018 |title=Las tendencias de consumo de porno en España 2017 nos han hecho pensar |url=https://www.vice.com/es/article/yw5qzw/jordi-nino-polla-actor-porno-resultados-pornhub-2017-espana |access-date=September 3, 2018 |publisher=Vice Media}}</ref> yasamu Kyaututtuka wadanda sun hada da AVN Awards guda uku don Maza na Shekara. <ref name="IAFD1">{{Cite web |last=Vanzetti |date=November 28, 2014 |title=AVN Awards Nominations 2015: Individual Performer Awards |url=https://blog.iafd.com/2014/11/28/avn-awards-nominations-2015-individual-performer-awards/ |access-date=August 30, 2018 |publisher=[[Internet Adult Film Database]]}}</ref> Ya kasance mai batun Memes wanda ke ci gaba da manyan ayyuka iri-iri da halayensa na batsa suka yi aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bateman |first=Effie |date=February 4, 2022 |title=Scotty From Marketing Now On Par With Johnny Sins For Amount Of Different Jobs He's Tried Out |url=https://www.betootaadvocate.com/uncategorized/scotty-from-marketing-now-on-par-with-johnny-sins-for-amount-of-different-jobs-hes-tried-out/ |access-date=September 7, 2022 |website=The Betoota Advocate |language=en-AU}}</ref> An haifi johnny Sins wato Steven Wolfe <ref name="Vice">{{Cite web |last=Urdaneta |first=Diego |date=July 5, 2017 |title=10 domande che hai sempre voluto fare al pelato di Brazzers |url=https://www.vice.com/it/article/zmvnpy/johnny-sins-brazzers-10-domande |access-date=August 30, 2018 |publisher=[[Vice Media]]}}</ref> a ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] dthccpkwf2u0h34pvtcqkd444zrn9tw 0 86580 823688 589542 2026-04-21T15:45:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 823688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Na'urar hangen nesa ta Radcliffe''' shine 74 a cikin (1.9m) na gani/kusa da infrared mai nuna na'urar hangen nesa wanda yake a Cibiyar Kula da Astronomical ta yankin Afirka ta Kudu a Sutherland, Arewacin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>"1.9-m (Radcliffe) Telescope". SAAO website. South African Astronomical Observatory. 23 February 2010. Retrieved 13 September 2011.</ref> Lokacin da aka kammala ginin a cikin shekarar 1948, Radcliffe shine mafi girman na'urar hangen nesa a Kudancin Hemisphere, kuma haɗin gwiwa-na huɗu mafi girma a duniya. An sanye da na'urar hangen nesa da kewayon na'urori masu aiki don daukar hoto, spectroscopy da polarimetry. Kwararrun masana ilmin taurari ne ke amfani da waɗannan don gudanar da bincike mai faɗi da yawa. == Yanki == Ƙarin bayani: Radcliffe Observatory John Radcliffe, wanda amintaccen sadaka ya ba da gudummawar Radcliffe Observatory John Radcliffe (1650–1714) likitan Ingilishi ne kuma memba na Majalisar; Almajirinsa shine Jami'ar Oxford. Bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da magada, don haka da ya rasu ya yi wasiyya da dimbin dukiyarsa ta sadaka<ref>Glass, I. S. (1989). "The Story of the Radcliffe Telescope". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 30: 33. Bibcode:1989QJRAS..30...33G.</ref>. Wannan Radcliffe Trust ya ba da tallafin ayyukan jama'a a ciki da wajen Oxford, gami da Kamara na Radcliffe da Radcliffe Infirmary. Bisa shawarar Thomas Hornsby, a cikin shekarar b1773 dogara ya kafa Radcliffe Observatory a lokacin da ke bayan arewacin Oxford: ita ce cibiyar lura ta dindindin ta biyu da aka kafa a Biritaniya (bayan Greenwich Observatory).<ref>Thackeray, A. D. (1972). "Two Hundred Years of the Radcliffe Observatory". Nature. 239 (5371): 313–5. Bibcode:1972Natur.239..313T. doi:10.1038/239313a0. <nowiki>PMID 12635217</nowiki>.</ref> Wannan dakin binciken ya gudanar da bincike kan ilmin taurari, tun farko a karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Savilian na Jami'ar Oxford. A cikin 1839 Radcliffe Trust ta fara ba da tallafin kai tsaye ga Radcliffe Observer don gudanar da binciken, kuma lura a Oxford ya ci gaba da amfani ga mafi yawan ƙarni na gaba. == Manazarta == 8505188yfkq9uitooxjppw9ey7psk20 823689 823688 2026-04-21T15:45:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 823689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Na'urar hangen nesa ta Radcliffe''' shine 74 a cikin (1.9m) na gani/kusa da infrared mai nuna na'urar hangen nesa wanda yake a Cibiyar Kula da Astronomical ta yankin Afirka ta Kudu a Sutherland, Arewacin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>"1.9-m (Radcliffe) Telescope". SAAO website. South African Astronomical Observatory. 23 February 2010. Retrieved 13 September 2011.</ref> Lokacin da aka kammala ginin a cikin shekarar 1948, Radcliffe shine mafi girman na'urar hangen nesa a Kudancin Hemisphere, kuma haɗin gwiwa-na huɗu mafi girma a duniya. An sanye da na'urar hangen nesa da kewayon na'urori masu aiki don daukar hoto, spectroscopy da polarimetry. Kwararrun masana ilmin taurari ne ke amfani da waɗannan don gudanar da bincike mai faɗi da yawa. == Yanki == Ƙarin bayani: Radcliffe Observatory John Radcliffe, wanda amintaccen sadaka ya ba da gudummawar Radcliffe Observatory John Radcliffe (1650–1714) likitan Ingilishi ne kuma memba na Majalisar; Almajirinsa shine Jami'ar Oxford. Bai taba yin aure ba kuma ba shi da magada, don haka da ya rasu ya yi wasiyya da dimbin dukiyarsa ta sadaka<ref>Glass, I. S. (1989). "The Story of the Radcliffe Telescope". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 30: 33. Bibcode:1989QJRAS..30...33G.</ref>. Wannan Radcliffe Trust ya ba da tallafin ayyukan jama'a a ciki da wajen Oxford, gami da Kamara na Radcliffe da Radcliffe Infirmary. Bisa shawarar Thomas Hornsby, a cikin shekarar b1773 dogara ya kafa Radcliffe Observatory a lokacin da ke bayan arewacin Oxford: ita ce cibiyar lura ta dindindin ta biyu da aka kafa a Biritaniya (bayan Greenwich Observatory).<ref>Thackeray, A. D. (1972). "Two Hundred Years of the Radcliffe Observatory". Nature. 239 (5371): 313–5. Bibcode:1972Natur.239..313T. doi:10.1038/239313a0. <nowiki>PMID 12635217</nowiki>.</ref> Wannan dakin binciken ya gudanar da bincike kan ilmin taurari, tun farko a karkashin jagorancin Farfesa Savilian na Jami'ar Oxford. A cikin 1839 Radcliffe Trust ta fara ba da tallafin kai tsaye ga Radcliffe Observer don gudanar da binciken, kuma lura a Oxford ya ci gaba da amfani ga mafi yawan ƙarni na gaba. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 63kmfdi64armnozqd78sknzh2yqh0dw 0 86907 823694 723095 2026-04-21T15:48:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 823694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} "Señorita"waƙa ce ta mawaƙin kasar [[Kanada]] Shawn Mendes da mawaƙiya kuma marubuciyar waka yar kasar Amurka Camila Cabello. An sake ta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2019, ta hanyar Island and Epic Records a matsayin na biyu guda(single) daga bugu na deluxe na kundin studio mai taken kansa na uku na Mendes, da jagora guda(single) daga kundin studio na biyu na Cabello Romance (2019) Mendes, Cabello, Charli XCX, Ali Tamposi, Jack Patterson, da masu samarwa Andrew Watt, Benny Blanco, da Cashmere Cat ne suka rubuta.<ref> "Señorita / Shawn Mendes". Tidal. 21 June 2019. Archived from the original on June 21, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2019.</ref>waƙar ta nuna alamar haɗin gwiwar Mendes da Cabello na biyu, bayan "I know what you did last summer" daga kundi na farko na Mendes, Handwritten (2015). "Señorita" ya kai lamba daya a kan Billboard Hot 100 na Amurka, da kuma kan gaba a cikin jadawalin tarihin da ya kafa kasashe 40 a duniya. Tabbataccen multiplatinum ne cikin ƙasashe goma sha uku, gami da Diamond a [[Asturaliya|Australia]], Kanada, Faransa, da Mexico, da lu'u-lu'u biyu a [[Poland]]. "Señorita" ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu sukar kiɗa.wakar ta lashe lambar yabo ta kiɗan Amurka, lambar yabo ta MTV Video Music Awards, lambar yabo ta Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma ta karɓi zaɓi don Kyautar Grammy don Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Pop Duo/Group. Waƙar ita ce babbar waƙa ta 2019 a Malaysia kuma bisa ga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya ta Masana'antar Watsa Labarai (IFPI), ita ce ta uku mafi kyawun siyarwa na 2019 a duk duniya, tare da haɗin tallace-tallace da magudanan waka daidai da raka'a miliyan 16.1 a duniya.<ref> "IFPI Names Billie Eilish's 'Bad Guy' the "Biggest Global Single of 2019"". Billboard. 2020-03-10. Retrieved 2020-03-10.</ref>Tun daga watan Yuni 2024, ita ce waƙa ta 18 mafi yawan yawo akan Spotify.<ref> "List of most-streamed songs on Spotify", Wikipedia, 2021-10-21, archived from the original on 2023-09-08, retrieved 2021-10-21</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} sjsnyeqbit15f7j2erjqol2w2b9dz3v 823695 823694 2026-04-21T15:48:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 823695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} "'''Señorita'''"waƙa ce ta mawaƙin kasar [[Kanada]] Shawn Mendes da mawaƙiya kuma marubuciyar waka yar kasar Amurka Camila Cabello. An sake ta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2019, ta hanyar Island and Epic Records a matsayin na biyu guda(single) daga bugu na deluxe na kundin studio mai taken kansa na uku na Mendes, da jagora guda(single) daga kundin studio na biyu na Cabello Romance (2019) Mendes, Cabello, Charli XCX, Ali Tamposi, Jack Patterson, da masu samarwa Andrew Watt, Benny Blanco, da Cashmere Cat ne suka rubuta.<ref> "Señorita / Shawn Mendes". Tidal. 21 June 2019. Archived from the original on June 21, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2019.</ref>waƙar ta nuna alamar haɗin gwiwar Mendes da Cabello na biyu, bayan "I know what you did last summer" daga kundi na farko na Mendes, Handwritten (2015). "Señorita" ya kai lamba daya a kan Billboard Hot 100 na Amurka, da kuma kan gaba a cikin jadawalin tarihin da ya kafa kasashe 40 a duniya. Tabbataccen multiplatinum ne cikin ƙasashe goma sha uku, gami da Diamond a [[Asturaliya|Australia]], Kanada, Faransa, da Mexico, da lu'u-lu'u biyu a [[Poland]]. "Señorita" ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu sukar kiɗa.wakar ta lashe lambar yabo ta kiɗan Amurka, lambar yabo ta MTV Video Music Awards, lambar yabo ta Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma ta karɓi zaɓi don Kyautar Grammy don Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Pop Duo/Group. Waƙar ita ce babbar waƙa ta 2019 a Malaysia kuma bisa ga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya ta Masana'antar Watsa Labarai (IFPI), ita ce ta uku mafi kyawun siyarwa na 2019 a duk duniya, tare da haɗin tallace-tallace da magudanan waka daidai da raka'a miliyan 16.1 a duniya.<ref> "IFPI Names Billie Eilish's 'Bad Guy' the "Biggest Global Single of 2019"". Billboard. 2020-03-10. Retrieved 2020-03-10.</ref>Tun daga watan Yuni 2024, ita ce waƙa ta 18 mafi yawan yawo akan Spotify.<ref> "List of most-streamed songs on Spotify", Wikipedia, 2021-10-21, archived from the original on 2023-09-08, retrieved 2021-10-21</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} kc7y5gln8xy0ulcco44o7phwglu6xww 823696 823695 2026-04-21T15:48:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 823696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} "'''Señorita'''"waƙa ce ta mawaƙin kasar [[Kanada]] Shawn Mendes da mawaƙiya kuma marubuciyar waka yar kasar Amurka Camila Cabello. An sake ta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2019, ta hanyar Island and Epic Records a matsayin na biyu guda(single) daga bugu na deluxe na kundin studio mai taken kansa na uku na Mendes, da jagora guda(single) daga kundin studio na biyu na Cabello Romance (2019) Mendes, Cabello, Charli XCX, Ali Tamposi, Jack Patterson, da masu samarwa Andrew Watt, Benny Blanco, da Cashmere Cat ne suka rubuta.<ref> "Señorita / Shawn Mendes". Tidal. 21 June 2019. Archived from the original on June 21, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2019.</ref>waƙar ta nuna alamar haɗin gwiwar Mendes da Cabello na biyu, bayan "I know what you did last summer" daga kundi na farko na Mendes, Handwritten (2015). "Señorita" ya kai lamba daya a kan Billboard Hot 100 na Amurka, da kuma kan gaba a cikin jadawalin tarihin da ya kafa kasashe 40 a duniya. Tabbataccen multiplatinum ne cikin ƙasashe goma sha uku, gami da Diamond a [[Asturaliya|Australia]], Kanada, Faransa, da Mexico, da lu'u-lu'u biyu a [[Poland]]. "Señorita" ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu sukar kiɗa.wakar ta lashe lambar yabo ta kiɗan Amurka, lambar yabo ta MTV Video Music Awards, lambar yabo ta Zaɓin Jama'a, kuma ta karɓi zaɓi don Kyautar Grammy don Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Pop Duo/Group. Waƙar ita ce babbar waƙa ta 2019 a Malaysia kuma bisa ga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya ta Masana'antar Watsa Labarai (IFPI), ita ce ta uku mafi kyawun siyarwa na 2019 a duk duniya, tare da haɗin tallace-tallace da magudanan waka daidai da raka'a miliyan 16.1 a duniya.<ref> "IFPI Names Billie Eilish's 'Bad Guy' the "Biggest Global Single of 2019"". Billboard. 2020-03-10. Retrieved 2020-03-10.</ref>Tun daga watan Yuni 2024, ita ce waƙa ta 18 mafi yawan yawo akan Spotify.<ref> "List of most-streamed songs on Spotify", Wikipedia, 2021-10-21, archived from the original on 2023-09-08, retrieved 2021-10-21</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} fmmpuh0us6svm3jwh67zcgd6qda9ijo 0 88109 823979 743091 2026-04-22T07:00:22Z Olugold 15747 /* Auren gargajiya */ An ƙara hotuna 823979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Al'adun Igbo''' ( Igbo ) [[Hanyar zamantakewa|al'adu]], al'adu da al'adun [[Inyamurai|kabilar Igbo]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Igbo People - Origins & History |url=https://faculty.ucr.edu/~legneref/igbo/igbo1.htm |access-date=2020-05-28 |website=faculty.ucr.edu}}</ref> na [[Kudu ta Yamma (Najeriya)|kudu maso gabas]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria : History {{!}} The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/nigeria/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002083244/https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/nigeria/history |archive-date=2020-10-02 |access-date=2020-05-28 |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> [[Najeriya]] . Ya ƙunshi tsofaffin ayyuka da kuma sabbin dabaru da aka ƙara a cikin al'adun Igbo ko dai ta hanyar haɓakar al'adu ko kuma ta hanyar tasirin waje. Wadannan al’adu da al’adu sun hada da fasahar gani, kade-kade da raye-rayen kabilar Ibo, da kuma kayan ado da kayan abinci da kuma yarukan yare. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adugna |first=Gabe |title=Research: Language Learning: Igbo: Home |url=https://library.bu.edu/igbo |access-date=2020-05-28 |website=library.bu.edu |language=en}}</ref> Saboda rukunoninsu dabam-dabam, al'adunsu iri-iri na ƙara haɓaka. == Kiɗa ==   [[Fayil:Udu.jpg|right|thumb|125x125px| [[Udu]], kayan aikin Igbo]] Wani shahararren salon waka a tsakanin al'ummar Igbo shi ne highlife, wanda ke hade da kade-kade na jazz da na gargajiya da ya shahara a [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] . Ana ganin babban rayuwar Igbo na zamani a cikin ayyukan Prince Nico Mbarga, [[Dr Sir Warrior]], [[Oliver De Coque]], Bright Chimezie, [[Celestine ukwu|Celestine Ukwu]] da [[Cif Stephen Osita Osadebe|Chief Osita Osadebe]], wadanda wasu daga cikin manyan mawakan Igbo na highlife na karni na ashirin. Haka kuma akwai wasu fitattun mawakan Igbo, kamar Mike Ejeagha, Paulson Kalu, Ali Chukwuma, Ozoemena Nwa Nsugbe. == Art == {{Commonscat|Igbo culture}} Ibo Art sananne ne da nau'ikan masarrafa daban-daban, abin rufe fuska, kayan sawa (alamar mutane), dabbobi da tsinkaya . Har ila yau an san fasahar Igbo da wasan kwaikwayo na tagulla da aka samu a garin [[Igbo-Ukwu|Igbo Ukwu]] daga karni na 9. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apley |first=Alice |date=October 2001 |title=Igbo-Ukwu (ca. 9th Century) |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/igbo/hd_igbo.htm |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=[[The Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Fasahar Igbo ita ce fasahar gani da ta samo asali daga kabilar Igbo. Al'adar Igbo fasaha ce da al'adar gani. {{Reflist|2}} == Tatsuniyoyi == <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> Fayil:Nigeria,_igbo,_maschera-elmo_della_società_mmuo,_xx_secolo.jpg|alt=Helmet-mask; 20th century; Indianapolis Museum of Art (USA)| Kwalkwali-mask; Karni na 20; Indianapolis Museum of Art (Amurka) Fayil:Nigeria,_igbo,_figura_femminile_per_un_tempietto,_xx_secolo.jpg|alt=Female figure for a small temple, 20th century; Indianapolis Museum of Art| Siffar mace don ƙaramin haikali, karni na 20; Indianapolis Museum of Art Fayil:Igbo_brass_anklet.jpg|alt=Anklet beaten from a solid brass bar of the type worn by Igbo women. Now in the collection of Wolverhampton Art Gallery. The leg-tube extends approx 7 cm each side of the 35 cm disc.| An buge Anklet daga wani kayyadadden sandar tagulla irin na matan Igbo. Yanzu a cikin tarin Wolverhampton Art Gallery . Tubun kafa ya kara kusan 7&nbsp;cm kowane gefe na 35&nbsp;cm disc. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-17 |title=Discomfort of fashion |url=http://ukpuru.blogspot.com/2010/10/discomfort-of-fashion.html |access-date=2013-09-29 |website=Antique images and videos of Alaigbo/Ala Igbo (Igboland) posted at Ukpuru blog |quote=Photograph of dancer wearing anklets - Thomas Whitridge Northcote (pre 1913)}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-17 |title=Willing Submission to Life Sentence to the Stocks |url=http://ukpuru.blogspot.com/2010/10/caption-immense-ankle-plates-are-main.html |access-date=2013-09-29 |website=Antique images and videos of Alaigbo/Ala Igbo (Igboland) posted at Ukpuru blog |quote=Photograph of female sitting wearing anklets - Thomas Whitridge Northcote (pre 1913)}}</ref> Fayil:Bronze_ceremonial_vessel_in_form_of_a_snail_shell,_9th_century,_Igbo-Ukwu,_Nigeria.JPG|alt=Bronze ceremonial vessel in form of a snail shell; 9th century; from Igbo-Ukwu; Nigerian National Museum (Lagos, Nigeria)| Jirgin bikin tagulla a cikin nau'in harsashi na katantanwa; Karni na 9; daga [[Igbo-Ukwu]] ; [[Gidan Tarihi ta Kasa Najeriya|Gidan kayan tarihi na Najeriya]] ( [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]], Najeriya) Fayil:Eze_Onyiudo_(2).jpg| Eze Onyiudo Masquerade Awka-Etiti </gallery>Yayin da a yau yawancin kabilar Ibo [[Kirista|Kiristoci]] ne, addinin gargajiya na Ibo da ake kira Odinani . A cikin tatsuniyar Ibo, wanda ke cikin tsohon addininsu, ana kiran Allah maɗaukakin Sarki [[Chukwu|Chineke]] ("Allahn halitta"); Chineke ya halicci duniya da duk abin da ke cikinta kuma yana hade da dukkan abubuwan da ke cikin Duniya. Ga tsohon Igbo, sararin samaniya ya kasu kashi hudu hadaddun: <ref>{{Cite book|edition=E. Nọlue}}</ref> * Okike (Halitta) * Alusi (Rundunonin Sojoji ko Alloli) * Muo (Ruhu) * Uwa (Duniya) === Alusi === [[Fayil:Complex_sculpture_Nigeria_BM_Af1954_23_522_img02.jpg|alt=A photo of a complex wooden carving of animals, people and spirits laid on each other to about 2 meters in height|thumb| Haɗaɗɗen sassaƙa na katako masu nuna hotunan iko da rayuwar yau da kullun, kamar mahayan dawakai, kayan da aka shigo da su, alamun sojoji, Turawa, bindigu, namun daji da masu ɓalle.]]   '''Alusi''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Arusi''' ko '''Arushi''', ƙananan alloli ne da ake bautawa da bauta a tatsuniyar Igbo . Akwai jerin Alusi daban-daban da ke cikin kowace al'umma kuma kowanne yana da nasa manufar. Idan aka daina buqatar abin bautar, sai a mayar da ita, ta hanyar taimakon Babban Firist ko Dibia, wanda ya san tsarin kuma ya tabbatar da an yi shi yadda ya kamata. === Muo === Mmuo kawai yana nufin ruhi. Ko dai ruhi nagari ne kuma na ibada (mmuo oma) ko kuma mugun ruhi (mmuo ojo). Misali, ana kallon ruhun Ogbanje a matsayin mugun ruhi (mmuo ojo) kuma duk wanda ke da wannan ruhu ana ba da kulawa ta ruhaniya. ( Hankali na ruhaniya yana nufin hanyar korar mugun ruhu ta hanyar kuɓuta (hanyar Kiristanci) ko ta hanyar Addinin Gargajiya ta Afirka (watau tono daga '''“iyi uwa”''' . hanyar ATR)). Ogbanje kalma ce ta Igbo (Nigeria) wacce ke nufin mai maimaitawa ko wanda ya zo ya tashi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ilechukwu |first=Sunday T. C. |date=May 2007 |title=Ogbanje / abiku and cultural conceptualizations of psychopathology in Nigeria |journal=Mental Health, Religion & Culture |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=239–255 |doi=10.1080/13694670600621795 |s2cid=144687043}}</ref> Ogbanje ba mugun ruhi ba ne a Cosmology na Igbo . Kalma ce da aka fi amfani da ita wajen siffanta yaro ko matashin da ake iƙirarin ya mutu kuma mutum ɗaya ya maimaita haihuwarsa. == Doya == [[Doya]] na da matukar muhimmanci ga Igbo domin ita ce amfanin gonakinsu . Akwai bukukuwa irin su bikin Sabuwar Yam ( Igbo </link> ) wanda ake yi don girbin doya. <ref name="yam">{{Cite web |last=Agwu |first=Kene |title=Yam and the Igbos |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/content/articles/2008/08/01/yam_and_the_igbos_feature.shtml}}</ref> Bikin Sabuwar Doya( Igbo </link> ) ana yin bikin kowace shekara don samun girbin amfanin gona mai kyau. Ana gudanar da bikin ne a Najeriya da sauran kasashen yammacin Afirka. === Auren gargajiya === Aure a yankin Igbo na bin matakai da dama kafin a yi wa ango da amarya shelar miji da mata kamar yadda doka da al’ada ta gari suka tanada. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-10 |title=The economics of Igbo Marriage explained |url=https://nairametrics.com/2017/12/10/the-economics-of-igbo-marriage-explained/ |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:Igba nkwu ceremony 07.jpg|alt=Igbo Traditional Marriage|thumb| Tufafin Auren Ibo na Gargajiya]] [[File:Igba nkwu ceremony 04.jpg|alt=Igbo Traditional Marriage|thumb|Tufafin Auren Gargajiya na Igbo]] Auren gargajiya ana kiransa da Igbankwu, ko kuma ruwan inabi, tunda ya hada da amaryar ta ba wa angonta kofin ruwan dabino. Kafin daurin auren dole ne ango ya je gidan amarya tare da mahaifinsa kafin ranar Igbankwu don neman izinin mahaifin amarya ya auri 'yarsa. Idan mahaifin amarya ya makara, to a irin wannan yanayi, kanin amarya, ko kawunsa ko danginsa namiji ya cika ma mahaifin amaryar, kamar yadda ya shafi ango. A ziyarar ta biyu, idan aka ba da kola goro (oji Igbo), dole ne ubanni biyu su tsara farashin amarya. <ref name="cnn.com">{{Cite web |title=A traditional Igbo wedding in Nigeria - CNN.com |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/09/30/nigerian.wedding.ceremony/index.html |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.cnn.com |language=en}}</ref> A mafi yawan lokuta, farashin amarya kawai alama ne, ban da sauran buƙatun kamar goro, awaki, giya, tsuntsaye da sauransu. A ka'ida, yana ɗaukar fiye da maraice ɗaya har sai an amince da farashin amarya na ƙarshe, bayan haka ana ba da liyafa ga iyaye biyu. Idan an biya kudin amarya sai a ware wani yamma domin bikin. <ref name="cnn.com" /> A lokacin bikin, mahaifin amarya ya cika kofi da ruwan dabino ya mika wa 'yar. Sai ta nemo ango a cikin taron bakin daurin aure domin ta ba shi ruwan sha. Bayan an gama sha, ango da amarya suna rawa ga mahaifin amarya. Suna durƙusa a gabansa, zai albarkace su. Bayan haka, ma'auratan suna rawa na ɗan lokaci kafin su zauna, sannan a shakata ana gabatar da kyaututtuka, a wasu lokutan jawabin MC, sannan a rufe addu'a da tashi. == Igbo Architecture == Gine-ginen Igbo na nufin salon al’adun da suka ginu akaiina al’ummar Igbo. Salon gine-ginen yana da nasaba sosai da al'adun al'ummar Igbo, imani, da tsarin zamantakewar al'ummar Igbo. Yayin da tsarin gine-gine ya samo asali, gine-ginen gargajiya na Igbo ya raba wasu halaye na kowa kamar: '''Tsarin haɗin kai''' - Al'adun gine-ginen Igbo sau da yawa suna komawa kan manufar fili wanda ke da alaƙa da wani yanki da ke kewaye da ya ƙunshi gidaje da yawa na iyali, buɗewar tsakar gida, verandas, da tsarin taimako. Ana tsara waɗannan mahadi a hankali kuma wani lokaci ana shimfida su da duwatsu masu faɗi don haɓaka rayuwar jama'a da sauƙaƙe ayyukan iyali. Bugu da ƙari, wasu mahadi sun ƙunshi abubuwa na musamman kamar gidajen Impluvium, [[Lambu|Lambuna]], Motsi, da [[Rijiya|rijiyoyin ruwa]] waɗanda ke nuna bambancin tsarin gine-ginen Igbo. '''Samun iska''' - Gine-ginen Igbo ya haɗa dabarun sanya buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗiya a cikin gine-gine don haɓaka iskar iska, yana taimakawa wajen daidaita yanayin zafi na cikin gida. Yin amfani da buɗaɗɗen buɗewa yana sauƙaƙe kewayawar iska, yana tabbatar da jin daɗin mazauna. Dangane da yankin da ke da yanayin zafi da zafi, ƙafewar gumi ya zama ƙalubale; duk da haka, iska tana taimakawa wannan tsari, yana haɓaka ta'aziyya. Bugu da ƙari, ayyukan gine-gine sun haɗa da katanga mai kauri, rufin ciyayi, da ɗaga tushe don rage ƙalubalen muhalli. Ganuwar mai kauri tana kula da yanayin sanyi cikin yanayi mai zafi da zafi lokacin damina. Rufin da aka keɓe yana ba da kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye, yana ba da inuwa kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga ta'aziyyar zafi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dorcas Mobolade |first=Tolulope |last2=Pourvahidi |first2=Parastoo |date=20 May 2020 |title=Bioclimatic Approach for Climate Classification of Nigeria |journal=Sustainability |volume=12 |issue=10 |pages=4192 |doi=10.3390/su12104192 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Wuri Mai Tsarki da Wurare Tsarkaka''' - Gine-ginen Igbo yakan haɗa da wuraren da aka keɓance a cikin mahalli ko wuraren al'umma don wuraren ibada/ [[Mbari (art)|temples]] na kakanni da gidajen taron ƙungiyoyin asiri. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan wurare a matsayin masu tsarki kuma muhimmin sashe ne na al'adun Igbo da ayyukan addini. Waɗannan tsattsauran tsattsauran ra'ayi na iya bambanta da ƙira, kama daga sassauƙan wuraren buɗe sararin sama zuwa ƙarin ƙayyadaddun tsarin da ke da takamaiman fasalin gine-gine. '''Abubuwan Ado -''' Gine-ginen gargajiya na Igbo yakan haɗa abubuwa na ado, gami da zanen fenti a bango irin su uli, filayen ƙofa na katako, da ƙaƙƙarfan tsari akan sifofi. Waɗannan kayan ado na iya samun alama ko ma'anar addini. == Tufafin gargajiya == A al'adance, kayan ado na Ibo gabaɗaya sun ƙunshi ƙananan tufafi domin manufar sutura a lokacin ita ce ɓoye al'aura, ko da yake dattawan sun cika tufafi. Yara kan kasance tsirara tun daga haihuwa har zuwa lokacin [[samartaka]] (lokacin da ake ganin suna da abin da za su boye) amma a wasu lokuta ana sanya kayan ado irin su dunƙule a kugu don dalilai na likita. Hakanan an yi amfani da fasahar jikin Uli don yi wa maza da mata ado a cikin nau'ikan layin da ke samar da alamu da siffofi a jiki. [[Fayil:Little_world,_Aichi_prefecture_-_African_plaza_-_Hat_of_a_vassal_-_Ìgbo_people_in_Nigeria_-_Collected_in_2006.jpg|left|thumb|147x147px| Hulun gargajiyar Igbo da aka yi gaba ɗaya daga ulu .]] Da mulkin mallaka da kuma tura al’adun Ibo suka koma Turawan yamma, tufafin da Turawa suka yi amfani da su kamar riga da wando sun dauki kayan gargajiya. === Mata === Mata sun dauki jariransu a bayansu da ɗigon tufafi da ke ɗaure su biyu da kulli a ƙirjinta. Wannan dabarar daukar jarirai ta kasance kuma har yanzu kungiyoyin mutane da yawa a fadin Afirka, ciki har da Igbo. An sabunta wannan hanyar ta hanyar ɗaukar yara . A mafi yawan lokuta, matan Igbo ba sa rufe kirjinsu. Budurwa sukan sanya guntun lullubi mai lulluɓe a kugunsu tare da wasu kayan ado kamar sarƙaƙƙiya da ƙura. Duka maza da mata sun sanya abin rufe fuska. === Maza === Maza za su sa rigar gindi da aka nannade a kugunsu da tsakanin kafafunsu don a daure su a bayansu, irin tufafin da ya dace da zafin zafi da kuma ayyuka kamar noma. Maza kuma za su iya ɗaure abin rufe fuska a kan rigar gindinsu. A shagulgulan al’umma kamar bukukuwan aure na gargajiya, maza suna ɗaure irin waɗannan kayayyaki kamar kwazazzabo, wanda ake ganin yana da tsada, kuma wannan yakan tafi tare da ‘Isiagu’ wanda ya shahara ga masu hannu da shuni da na gargajiya. === Tufafin gargajiya na zamani === [[Fayil:Igbo_Traditional_marriage.jpg|thumb| Tufafin Auren Gargajiya na Igbo]] Tufafin gargajiya na Igbo na zamani gabaɗaya an yi shi ne, ga maza, na saman [[Isiagu]] wanda yayi kama da Dashiki na Afirka. Isiagu (ko ''Ishi agu'' ) yawanci ana yin su ne tare da kawunan zakuna da aka yi wa sutura, Hakanan yana iya zama a fili, (yawanci baki). Ana sawa da wando kuma ana iya sawa da ko dai hular masu rike da sarautar gargajiya (wata fez mai suna okpu agu ko agwu), ko kuma da hular al’adun kabilar Igbo (wacce ta yi kama da hular Bobble ). Ga mata, an sa rigar rigar hannu mai kumbura (wanda kayan turawa ke tasiri) tare da nannade guda biyu (yawanci kayan ''[[Hollandis]]'' na zamani) da gyale. == Taken Mulki == [[Fayil:Igbo_ichi_marks.jpg|thumb| Wani dan kabilar Igbo mai alamar ''Ichi'', alamar daraja a matsayin Ozo ]] An shigar da manyan ƙwararrun maza da mata a cikin umarninsu na daraja ga mutanen da ke da lakabi kamar Ndi Ozo ko Ndi Nze . Waɗannan mutane suna karɓar tambari don nuna girman su. Kasancewa memba yana keɓantacce sosai, kuma don cancantar mutum yana buƙatar a mutunta shi sosai kuma a fahimce shi a cikin al'umma. == Koyarwa == Igbo na da wani nau’i na koyon sana’o’i na musamman wanda ko dai dan gida namiji ko kuma wani dan gari zai yi amfani da lokaci (yawanci a shekarun kuruciyarsu har zuwa girmansu) tare da wani dangi, lokacin da suke yi musu aiki. Bayan zaman da aka yi da iyali, shugaban gidan, wanda yawanci shi ne babban mutumin da ya shigo da almajiri cikin gidansa, zai kafa ( Igbo </link> ) mai koyo ta hanyar kafa masa sana'a ko ba da kudi ko kayan aikin da zai ci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2018 |title=From Apprenticeship to Enterprise {{!}} Ike Chioke {{!}} TEDxOguiRoad |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGLUk319DVE |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> [[Turai|Turawa]] ne suka yi amfani da wannan al'ada, inda suka yi amfani da wannan al'ada a matsayin hanyar ciniki ga bayi . Olaudah Equiano, ko da yake an sace shi a gidansa, dan kabilar Igbo ne da aka tilastawa yin hidima ga dangin Afirka. Ya ce ya ji wani ɓangare na iyali, ba kamar daga baya ba, sa’ad da aka tura shi zuwa Arewacin Amirka kuma aka bautar da shi a Ƙasashen Mulki goma sha uku . Ana kiran tsarin koyan koyan Igbo Imu Ahia ko Igba Boy a kasar Igbo wanda ya yi fice a tsakanin Igbo bayan [[Yaƙin basasar Najeriya|yakin basasar Najeriya]] . A wani yunkuri na tsira da tsarin kudi fam 20 wanda [[Obafemi Awolowo]] ya gabatar na cewa a baiwa kowane dan kasar Biafra fam 20 kacal ba tare da la’akari da abin da yake da shi a banki ba kafin yakin da sauran kudaden da Najeriya ke rike da su. gwamnati. Kasuwancin ƙanana ɗaya ne daga cikin hanyoyin da za a sake gina al'ummomin da aka lalata da kuma Noma, amma sai noma ya buƙaci lokacin da ba shi da sauƙi a wannan lokacin. Ainihin, yawancin mutane sun shiga ciniki. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nnadozie |first=Emmanuel |year=2002 |title=African Indigenous Entrepreneurship Determinants of Resurgence and Growth of Igbo Entrepreneurship During the Post-Biafra Period |journal=[[Journal of African Business]] |volume=3 |pages=49–80 |doi=10.1300/J156v03n01_04 |s2cid=153686734}}</ref> Wannan samfurin Imu-Ahia/Igba Boy ya kasance mai sauƙi, yana aiki ta yadda masu kasuwanci za su ɗauki yara maza waɗanda za su iya zama dangi, ƴan uwa ko kuma waɗanda ba dangi ba daga yanki ɗaya, suna zaune a cikin su kuma su sa su koyi kasuwanci yayin da suke koyo. koyon yadda yake aiki da kuma sirrin kasuwanci. Bayan an kai lokacin da aka ware don horon, bayan shekaru 5-8, za a yi ɗan bikin yaye '''ɗan yaron Nwa''' (wanda ya koyi sana'ar). Za a kuma biya shi dunƙule kuɗi na ayyukansu na tsawon shekaru, kuma za a yi amfani da kuɗin don fara kasuwanci ga '''Nwa Boy''' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2018 |title=The age-old sharing economies of Africa -- and why we should scale them {{!}} Robert Neuwirth |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SO7pX6ojJQ0 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> == Osu caste tsarin == Osu rukuni ne na mutanen da kakanninsu suka sadaukar da kansu don yin hidima a wuraren tsafi da gidajen ibada ga gumakan Ibo, don haka an dauke su mallakin alloli. Dangantaka da wasu lokuta mu'amala da Osu sun kasance (kuma har yau, har yanzu) a yawancin lokuta, haramun ne. Har wala yau ana kiransa ''Osu'' abin kunya ne da ke hana ci gaban mutane da salon rayuwa. == Kalanda (Iguafo Igbo) == A cikin kalandar gargajiya ta Igbo, mako guda ( Igbo </link> ) yana da kwanaki 4 ( Igbo </link> ) ( ''Eke'', ''Orie'', ''Shekara'', ''Nkwọ'' ), bakwai makonni yin wata daya ( Igbo </link> ), wata yana da kwanaki 28 kuma akwai watanni 13 a cikin shekara. A cikin watan da ya gabata, ana ƙara ƙarin rana. Sunayen kwanakin sun samo asali ne daga tatsuniyar [[Masarautar Nri]] . An yi imani da cewa Eri, wanda ya kafa sararin samaniya na mulkin Nri, ya tafi tafiya don gano asirin lokaci. A cikin tafiyarsa ya yi sallama ya ƙidaya kwanaki huɗu da sunayen ruhohin da suke mulkinsu, don haka sunayen ruhohin ( ''eke'', ''orie'', ''afu'' da ''Nkwo'' ) suka zama kwanakin mako.   === Sunayen kwanakin kasuwa === Jarirai da aka haifa a wasu lokuta ana sawa sunan ranar mako da aka haife su. Wannan ba shine salon ba. Sunaye irin su ''Mgbeke'' ( [[Budurci|budurwa]] [haihuwa] a ranar Eke), Mgborie (budurwa [an haife shi] a ranar Orie) ana yawan samun su a tsakanin kabilar Igbo. Na maza, ana maye gurbin ''Mgbe'' da ''Nwa'' ko "Okoro" ( [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] : Child [na]). Misalan wannan sune Solomon Okoronkwo da [[Nwankwo Kanu]], mashahuran ’yan kwallon kafa biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2006 |title=Naming practice guide UK 2006 |url=http://www.fbiic.gov/public/2008/nov/Naming_practice_guide_UK_2006.pdf |access-date=2009-04-16}}</ref> == Ibo abin rufe fuska da maski == Akwai nau'ikan masquerades guda biyu na asali, bayyane da ganuwa. Masallatan da ake gani ana nufin jama'a ne. Sau da yawa sun fi jin daɗi. Masks da aka yi amfani da su suna ba da sha'awar gani don siffofi da sifofinsu. A cikin waɗannan masallatai da ake gani, ana yin wasan [[Cin-zarafi|tsangwama]], kiɗa, raye-raye, da wakoki (Oyeneke 25). Masallatai marasa ganuwa suna faruwa da dare. Sauti shine babban kayan aiki a gare su. Mai yin masarrafa yana amfani da muryarsa don yin kururuwa don a ji shi a cikin ƙauyen. Abubuwan rufe fuska da ake amfani da su galibi suna da zafi sosai kuma membobin al'umma ne kawai ke fahimtar fassarar su. Wadannan masallatai marasa ganuwa suna kira ga kauye mai shiru don sanya tsoro a cikin zukatan wadanda ba a fara shiga cikin al'ummarsu ba. == Kola nut (Yaji) == [[Fayil:Kola_nut.jpg|alt=Kola nut|thumb| Kola goro]] Kola goro ( Igbo </link> ) yana da matsayi na musamman a rayuwar al'adun kabilar Igbo. Ọji shine abu na farko da ake yiwa duk wani baƙo a gidan Igbo. Ana yi wa Ọji hidima kafin a fara wani muhimmin aiki, walau [[Aure|bikin aure]], sasanta rikicin iyali ko shiga kowace irin yarjejeniya. A al’adance ana karkasa Ọji gunduwa-gunduwa da hannu, kuma idan ’ya’yan Kola ta kasu kashi uku sai a shirya biki na musamman. == Duba kuma == * [[Biyafara|Biafra]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kabilu a Afrika]] [[Rukuni:Al'adun Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i3p0sju2q4nyky07uyie5wzkgakpopb 0 88274 824121 548158 2026-04-22T09:46:59Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elias Victor Seixas Jr.''' (Agusta 30, 1923 - Yuli 5, 2024) ɗan wasan tennis ne na Amurka. An sanya Seixas a cikin manyan goma a cikin Amurka a lokuta 13 daga shekarar 1942 zuwa 1956.A 1951, Seixas aka ranked No. 4 mai son a duniya, biyu spots kasa Dick Savitt, yayin da ya kasance No. 1 a US ranking, daya tabo gaba Savitt.A cikin 1953, Lance Tingay ya zama Seixas na 3 a duniya. A cikin 1954, Harry Hopman ya zama Seixas a matsayin mai son lamba ɗaya.<ref>https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/49290139/</ref>A cikin aikinsa, Seixas ya lashe manyan gasa 15. Ya lashe duka Wimbledon da US Open a cikin 'yan gudun hijira.Ya kuma ci gasar Australian Open, da French Open (sau biyu), da US Open (sau biyu) a biyu, da French Open, Wimbledon (sau hudu), da US Open (sau uku) a gauraye biyu. An shigar da Seixas a cikin Babban Gidan Wasan Tennis na Duniya, Gidan Wasan Tennis na Kasa na Blue Grey na Fame, Gidan Fame na Wasanni na Philadelphia, da Babban Babban Taron Taro na Kudancin. ==Rayuwa== An haifi Seixas a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 1923 a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ga Anna Victoria (née Moon), wacce ta kasance daga zuriyar Irish, da Elias Victor Seixas, wanda aka haife shi a Jamhuriyar Dominican, na zuriyar Dutch-Yahudu.An ruwaito shi Bayahude ne daga majiyoyi da yawa.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=MPC3AAAAIAAJ&q=%22vic+seixas%22+jewish</ref>amma ya tashi Presbyterian.<ref>https://www.inquirer.com/sports/go-fund-me-campaign-philly-tennis-star-vic-seixas-20191002.html</ref>Ya halarci kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar William Penn Charter, inda ya kasance tauraron wasan tennis.<ref>"x". Reading Eagle. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2013.</ref> Seixas ya yi aiki a matsayin matukin jirgi a rundunar sojojin Amurka ta Air Corps a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu na tsawon shekaru uku, wanda ya katse masa wasan tennis.<ref>http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.chipsi.org/resource/collection/d1f4adee-606d-4391-9a33-a4ce08e87c65/A_Tradition_of_Excellence.pdf?hhSearchTerms=Spencer+and+song</ref>Daga nan ya halarci Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill, inda ya kasance memba na Alpha Sigma na ƙungiyar Chi Psi.Ya kasance 63 – 3 a UNC, ya lashe gasar cin kofin Kudancin Kudancin a cikin 1948 da gasar zakarun sau biyu a 1949, kuma Ba-Amurke ne.<ref>https://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/inductees/vic-seixas/</ref>Ya kammala karatunsa a 1949, a shekarar da UNC ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Patterson, lambar yabo mafi girma a makarantar a fagen wasannin motsa jiki.<ref>https://goheels.com/news/2013/7/8/208617462</ref> ==Aikin wasan tennis== A tsawon tsawon aikinsa, Seixas ya lashe kofuna guda biyu, da guda biyu, da gauraye biyun lakabi. Ya shiga gasar tseren maza ta Amurka sau 28 daga 1940 zuwa 1969.<ref>co.nf". www.tennis.co.nf. Archived from the original on June 17, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</ref> Seixas ya kasance cikin manyan goma a cikin Amurka sau 13 daga 1942 zuwa 1956.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=sjRaAAAAYAAJ&q=%22vic+seixas%22+%22top+ten%22+thirteen</ref>A 1951, Seixas aka ranked No. 4 a duniya, biyu spots kasa Dick Savitt, yayin da ya kasance No. 1 a US ranking (a ranking shi kuma gudanar a 1954 da kuma 1957), daya tabo gaba Savitt.<ref>Baltzell, E. Digby (2013). Sporting Gentlemen: Menâs Tennis from the Age of Honor to the Cult of the Superstar. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9781412851800. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020 – via Google Books.</ref>A cikin 1953, Lance Tingay ya kasance Seixas a matsayi na 3 a duniya kuma an ba da shi a matsayin na 1 a duniya a cikin Eagle Reading a wannan shekarar.<ref>Seixas Tests Shea in Eastern Tennis", Reading Eagle, August 6, 1953.</ref>Manyan nasarorin da ya samu sun hada da Wimbledon a 1953 akan Kurt Nielsen (inda nasarar da ya samu shine takardar shaidar £25 don ciyarwa a wani shago a Piccadilly Circus) da US National (U.S. Open) a 1954 akan Rex Hartwig.<ref>https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/08/vic-seixas-oldest-living-grand-slam-champ.html</ref> Seixas kuma ya kasance mai nasara mai ninka biyu da gauraya mai kunnawa. A cikin 1952, ya lashe gasar cin kofin Amurka tare da Mervyn Rose.A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, ya kulla kawance mai nasara tare da Tony Trabert, inda ya lashe gasar Faransa da Amurka ta 1954, da kuma Gasar Australiya da Faransa ta 1955.Bugu da ƙari, sun ci mahimmiyar maki na uku a gasar cin kofin Davis ta 1954 a kan Ostiraliya. Seixas ya lashe kambi biyu a jere a Wimbledon daga 1953 zuwa 1956, uku na farko tare da Doris Hart da na hudu tare da Shirley Fry; Ƙasar Amurka ta haɗe daga 1953 zuwa 1955, duk tare da Doris Hart; Gasar Faransa ta gauraye biyu a 1953 tare da Doris Hart.<ref>https://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/inductees/vic-seixas/</ref> A cikin 1966, yana ɗan shekara 42, Seixas ya buga wasanni 94 sama da sa'o'i huɗu don kayar da Bill Bowrey ɗan Australiya mai shekaru 22, 32–34, 6–4, 10–8 a Gasar Cin Kofin Grass na 1966 Philadelphia.<ref>https://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/inductees/vic-seixas/</ref> '''Davis Cup''' Seixas da Trabert sun lashe Kofin Davis a 1954, da Australia.An kima Seixas a matsayi na biyar a cikin mafi yawan wasannin Davis Cup Singles (24), a bayan Bill Tilden (25) da Arthur Ashe (27).Ya yi aiki sau uku a matsayin Kyaftin na ƙungiyar Davis Cup ta Amurka. Ya kasance 38-17 a rayuwa a cikin wasannin Davis Cup.<ref>"Victor Seixas". International Tennis Federation. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2020.</ref> '''Zauren Fame''' An shigar da Seixas a cikin Zauren Tennis na Duniya na Fame a cikin 1971.<ref>http://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/vic-seixas</ref>An kuma shigar da shi cikin Babban Gidan Wasan Tennis na Kasa na Blue Grey.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110708073621/http://www.bluegraytennis.com/halloffame.htm</ref> An shigar da Seixas cikin Class II na Dandalin Wasannin Wasanni na Philadelphia a cikin 2005.An shigar da shi cikin dakin taro na Kudancin Kudancin a cikin 2011.<ref>W, Tim (2014). Gone Pro: North Carolina: Tar Heel Stars Who Became Pros. Clerisy Press. ISBN 9781578605460. Archived from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020 – via Google Books.</ref> ==Bayan ritayar wasan tennis== Seixas ya kasance dillalin hannun jari daga ƙarshen 1950s har zuwa farkon 1970s.<ref>https://www.nydailynews.com/sports/more-sports/coffey-tennis-forgotten-champions-article-1.1925707</ref>Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan wasan tennis na Greenbrier Resort a White Sulfur Springs, West Virginia da kuma otal Hilton a New Orleans.<ref>https://www.welt.de/sport/tennis/plus168478708/Der-vergessene-Champion-der-Tennis-Geschichte.html</ref> Ya koma California a cikin 1989, inda ya zauna a Mill Valley kuma ya kafa shirin wasan tennis a Harbour Point Racquet da Club Beach a Mill Valley (Marin County), wanda yanzu ake kira The Club a Harbor Point.A cikin 1998, ya kasa yin wasan tennis saboda gwiwowinsa, ya zaɓi ya zama mashaya a Harbour Point.<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/seixas-the-humble-champion-recalls-his-crowning-jewel-111004.html</ref> Bayan shekaru da yawa yana mashaya da kuma taimakawa da ayyukan gaban tebur na kulob din, ya yi ritaya.Seixas shine zakaran tseren Singles na Grand Slam mafi tsufa a duniya, kuma mafi tsufa memba na Zauren Tennis na Fame, wanda ya cika shekaru 100 a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 2023.<ref>https://goheels.com/news/2023/8/30/mens-tennis-happy-100th-birthday-vic-seixas.aspx</ref> Seixas ya mutu a gidansa a Mill Valley a ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 100.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/06/sports/tennis/vic-seixas-dead.html</ref> ==Gasar karshe ta Grand Slam== ===Singles: 5 (2 titles, 3 runners-up)=== {| class='sortable wikitable' !style="width:40px"|Result !style="width:30px"|Year !style="width:150px"|Championship !style="width:50px"|Surface !style="width:150px"|Opponent !style="width:160px" class="unsortable"|Score |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss ||1951 || [[U.S. Open (tennis)|U.S. Championships]] || Grass ||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Frank Sedgman]] || 4–6, 1–6, 1–6 |- style="background:#ebc2af;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss ||1953 || [[French Championships]] || Clay ||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ken Rosewall]] || 3–6, 4–6, 6–1, 2–6 |- style="background:#cfc;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Win ||1953 || [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] || Grass ||{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Kurt Nielsen]] || 9–7, 6–3, 6–4 |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss ||1953 || U.S. Championships || Grass ||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tony Trabert]] || 3–6, 2–6, 3–6 |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Win ||1954 || U.S. Championships || Grass ||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Rex Hartwig]] || 3–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–4 |} | style="background:#98fb98;"|Win ||1955 || [[Australian Open|Australian Championships]] ||Grass|| {{flagicon|USA}} Tony Trabert || {{flagicon|AUS}} Lew Hoad<br />{{flagicon|AUS}} Ken Rosewall|| 6–3, 6–2, 2–6, 3–6, 6–1 |- style="background:#ebc2af;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Win ||1955 || French Championships ||Clay|| {{flagicon|USA}} Tony Trabert || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Nicola Pietrangeli]]<br />{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Orlando Sirola]] || 6–1, 4–6, 6–2, 6–4 |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss ||1956 || U.S. Championships ||Grass|| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Ham Richardson]] || {{flagicon|AUS}} Lew Hoad<br />{{flagicon|AUS}} Ken Rosewall|| 2–6, 2–6, 6–3, 4–6 |} | style="background:#afeeee;"|[[1967 U.S. National Championships – Men's singles|2R]] | style="background:#afeeee;"|[[1968 US Open – Men's singles|2R]] | style="background:#afeeee;"|[[1969 US Open – Men's singles|1R]] | 1 / 28 | 75–27 | 73.5 |- style="background:#efefef" |style="text-align:left;" |'''Win–loss''' | 1–1 || 2–1 || 1–1 || 0–0 || 1–1 || 0–0 || 1–1 || 3–1 || 3–1 || 0–1 | 11–3 || 6–1 || 7–2 || 22–3 || 16–3 || 10–4 || 10–2 || 8–2 || 4–1 | 3–1 || 3–1 || 2–1 || 3–1 || 2–1 || 3–1 || 3–1 || 1–1 || 2–2 || 1–1 || 0–2 | bgcolor=efefef |'''2 / 44''' | bgcolor=efefef |'''129–42''' | bgcolor=efefef |'''75.4''' |- |} </div> ==MANAZARTA== 5dfsqqaha48h8ukcuymxj037g9urau8 824122 824121 2026-04-22T09:47:15Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elias Victor Seixas Jr.''' (Agusta 30, 1923 - Yuli 5, 2024) ɗan wasan tennis ne na Amurka. An sanya Seixas a cikin manyan goma a cikin Amurka a lokuta 13 daga shekarar 1942 zuwa 1956.A 1951, Seixas aka ranked No. 4 mai son a duniya, biyu spots kasa Dick Savitt, yayin da ya kasance No. 1 a US ranking, daya tabo gaba Savitt.A cikin 1953, Lance Tingay ya zama Seixas na 3 a duniya. A cikin shekara ta 1954, Harry Hopman ya zama Seixas a matsayin mai son lamba ɗaya.<ref>https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/49290139/</ref>A cikin aikinsa, Seixas ya lashe manyan gasa 15. Ya lashe duka Wimbledon da US Open a cikin 'yan gudun hijira.Ya kuma ci gasar Australian Open, da French Open (sau biyu), da US Open (sau biyu) a biyu, da French Open, Wimbledon (sau hudu), da US Open (sau uku) a gauraye biyu. An shigar da Seixas a cikin Babban Gidan Wasan Tennis na Duniya, Gidan Wasan Tennis na Kasa na Blue Grey na Fame, Gidan Fame na Wasanni na Philadelphia, da Babban Babban Taron Taro na Kudancin. ==Rayuwa== An haifi Seixas a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 1923 a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ga Anna Victoria (née Moon), wacce ta kasance daga zuriyar Irish, da Elias Victor Seixas, wanda aka haife shi a Jamhuriyar Dominican, na zuriyar Dutch-Yahudu.An ruwaito shi Bayahude ne daga majiyoyi da yawa.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=MPC3AAAAIAAJ&q=%22vic+seixas%22+jewish</ref>amma ya tashi Presbyterian.<ref>https://www.inquirer.com/sports/go-fund-me-campaign-philly-tennis-star-vic-seixas-20191002.html</ref>Ya halarci kuma ya sauke karatu daga makarantar William Penn Charter, inda ya kasance tauraron wasan tennis.<ref>"x". Reading Eagle. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2013.</ref> Seixas ya yi aiki a matsayin matukin jirgi a rundunar sojojin Amurka ta Air Corps a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu na tsawon shekaru uku, wanda ya katse masa wasan tennis.<ref>http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.chipsi.org/resource/collection/d1f4adee-606d-4391-9a33-a4ce08e87c65/A_Tradition_of_Excellence.pdf?hhSearchTerms=Spencer+and+song</ref>Daga nan ya halarci Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill, inda ya kasance memba na Alpha Sigma na ƙungiyar Chi Psi.Ya kasance 63 – 3 a UNC, ya lashe gasar cin kofin Kudancin Kudancin a cikin 1948 da gasar zakarun sau biyu a 1949, kuma Ba-Amurke ne.<ref>https://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/inductees/vic-seixas/</ref>Ya kammala karatunsa a 1949, a shekarar da UNC ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Patterson, lambar yabo mafi girma a makarantar a fagen wasannin motsa jiki.<ref>https://goheels.com/news/2013/7/8/208617462</ref> ==Aikin wasan tennis== A tsawon tsawon aikinsa, Seixas ya lashe kofuna guda biyu, da guda biyu, da gauraye biyun lakabi. Ya shiga gasar tseren maza ta Amurka sau 28 daga 1940 zuwa 1969.<ref>co.nf". www.tennis.co.nf. Archived from the original on June 17, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2017.</ref> Seixas ya kasance cikin manyan goma a cikin Amurka sau 13 daga 1942 zuwa 1956.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=sjRaAAAAYAAJ&q=%22vic+seixas%22+%22top+ten%22+thirteen</ref>A 1951, Seixas aka ranked No. 4 a duniya, biyu spots kasa Dick Savitt, yayin da ya kasance No. 1 a US ranking (a ranking shi kuma gudanar a 1954 da kuma 1957), daya tabo gaba Savitt.<ref>Baltzell, E. Digby (2013). Sporting Gentlemen: Menâs Tennis from the Age of Honor to the Cult of the Superstar. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9781412851800. Archived from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020 – via Google Books.</ref>A cikin 1953, Lance Tingay ya kasance Seixas a matsayi na 3 a duniya kuma an ba da shi a matsayin na 1 a duniya a cikin Eagle Reading a wannan shekarar.<ref>Seixas Tests Shea in Eastern Tennis", Reading Eagle, August 6, 1953.</ref>Manyan nasarorin da ya samu sun hada da Wimbledon a 1953 akan Kurt Nielsen (inda nasarar da ya samu shine takardar shaidar £25 don ciyarwa a wani shago a Piccadilly Circus) da US National (U.S. Open) a 1954 akan Rex Hartwig.<ref>https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/08/vic-seixas-oldest-living-grand-slam-champ.html</ref> Seixas kuma ya kasance mai nasara mai ninka biyu da gauraya mai kunnawa. A cikin 1952, ya lashe gasar cin kofin Amurka tare da Mervyn Rose.A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, ya kulla kawance mai nasara tare da Tony Trabert, inda ya lashe gasar Faransa da Amurka ta 1954, da kuma Gasar Australiya da Faransa ta 1955.Bugu da ƙari, sun ci mahimmiyar maki na uku a gasar cin kofin Davis ta 1954 a kan Ostiraliya. Seixas ya lashe kambi biyu a jere a Wimbledon daga 1953 zuwa 1956, uku na farko tare da Doris Hart da na hudu tare da Shirley Fry; Ƙasar Amurka ta haɗe daga 1953 zuwa 1955, duk tare da Doris Hart; Gasar Faransa ta gauraye biyu a 1953 tare da Doris Hart.<ref>https://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/inductees/vic-seixas/</ref> A cikin 1966, yana ɗan shekara 42, Seixas ya buga wasanni 94 sama da sa'o'i huɗu don kayar da Bill Bowrey ɗan Australiya mai shekaru 22, 32–34, 6–4, 10–8 a Gasar Cin Kofin Grass na 1966 Philadelphia.<ref>https://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/inductees/vic-seixas/</ref> '''Davis Cup''' Seixas da Trabert sun lashe Kofin Davis a 1954, da Australia.An kima Seixas a matsayi na biyar a cikin mafi yawan wasannin Davis Cup Singles (24), a bayan Bill Tilden (25) da Arthur Ashe (27).Ya yi aiki sau uku a matsayin Kyaftin na ƙungiyar Davis Cup ta Amurka. Ya kasance 38-17 a rayuwa a cikin wasannin Davis Cup.<ref>"Victor Seixas". International Tennis Federation. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2020.</ref> '''Zauren Fame''' An shigar da Seixas a cikin Zauren Tennis na Duniya na Fame a cikin 1971.<ref>http://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/vic-seixas</ref>An kuma shigar da shi cikin Babban Gidan Wasan Tennis na Kasa na Blue Grey.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110708073621/http://www.bluegraytennis.com/halloffame.htm</ref> An shigar da Seixas cikin Class II na Dandalin Wasannin Wasanni na Philadelphia a cikin 2005.An shigar da shi cikin dakin taro na Kudancin Kudancin a cikin 2011.<ref>W, Tim (2014). Gone Pro: North Carolina: Tar Heel Stars Who Became Pros. Clerisy Press. ISBN 9781578605460. Archived from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020 – via Google Books.</ref> ==Bayan ritayar wasan tennis== Seixas ya kasance dillalin hannun jari daga ƙarshen 1950s har zuwa farkon 1970s.<ref>https://www.nydailynews.com/sports/more-sports/coffey-tennis-forgotten-champions-article-1.1925707</ref>Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan wasan tennis na Greenbrier Resort a White Sulfur Springs, West Virginia da kuma otal Hilton a New Orleans.<ref>https://www.welt.de/sport/tennis/plus168478708/Der-vergessene-Champion-der-Tennis-Geschichte.html</ref> Ya koma California a cikin 1989, inda ya zauna a Mill Valley kuma ya kafa shirin wasan tennis a Harbour Point Racquet da Club Beach a Mill Valley (Marin County), wanda yanzu ake kira The Club a Harbor Point.A cikin 1998, ya kasa yin wasan tennis saboda gwiwowinsa, ya zaɓi ya zama mashaya a Harbour Point.<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/seixas-the-humble-champion-recalls-his-crowning-jewel-111004.html</ref> Bayan shekaru da yawa yana mashaya da kuma taimakawa da ayyukan gaban tebur na kulob din, ya yi ritaya.Seixas shine zakaran tseren Singles na Grand Slam mafi tsufa a duniya, kuma mafi tsufa memba na Zauren Tennis na Fame, wanda ya cika shekaru 100 a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 2023.<ref>https://goheels.com/news/2023/8/30/mens-tennis-happy-100th-birthday-vic-seixas.aspx</ref> Seixas ya mutu a gidansa a Mill Valley a ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2024, yana da shekaru 100.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/06/sports/tennis/vic-seixas-dead.html</ref> ==Gasar karshe ta Grand Slam== ===Singles: 5 (2 titles, 3 runners-up)=== {| class='sortable wikitable' !style="width:40px"|Result !style="width:30px"|Year !style="width:150px"|Championship !style="width:50px"|Surface !style="width:150px"|Opponent !style="width:160px" class="unsortable"|Score |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss ||1951 || [[U.S. Open (tennis)|U.S. Championships]] || Grass ||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Frank Sedgman]] || 4–6, 1–6, 1–6 |- style="background:#ebc2af;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss ||1953 || [[French Championships]] || Clay ||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ken Rosewall]] || 3–6, 4–6, 6–1, 2–6 |- style="background:#cfc;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Win ||1953 || [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] || Grass ||{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Kurt Nielsen]] || 9–7, 6–3, 6–4 |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss ||1953 || U.S. Championships || Grass ||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tony Trabert]] || 3–6, 2–6, 3–6 |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Win ||1954 || U.S. Championships || Grass ||{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Rex Hartwig]] || 3–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–4 |} | style="background:#98fb98;"|Win ||1955 || [[Australian Open|Australian Championships]] ||Grass|| {{flagicon|USA}} Tony Trabert || {{flagicon|AUS}} Lew Hoad<br />{{flagicon|AUS}} Ken Rosewall|| 6–3, 6–2, 2–6, 3–6, 6–1 |- style="background:#ebc2af;" | style="background:#98fb98;"|Win ||1955 || French Championships ||Clay|| {{flagicon|USA}} Tony Trabert || {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Nicola Pietrangeli]]<br />{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Orlando Sirola]] || 6–1, 4–6, 6–2, 6–4 |- style="background:#ccf;" | style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss ||1956 || U.S. Championships ||Grass|| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Ham Richardson]] || {{flagicon|AUS}} Lew Hoad<br />{{flagicon|AUS}} Ken Rosewall|| 2–6, 2–6, 6–3, 4–6 |} | style="background:#afeeee;"|[[1967 U.S. National Championships – Men's singles|2R]] | style="background:#afeeee;"|[[1968 US Open – Men's singles|2R]] | style="background:#afeeee;"|[[1969 US Open – Men's singles|1R]] | 1 / 28 | 75–27 | 73.5 |- style="background:#efefef" |style="text-align:left;" |'''Win–loss''' | 1–1 || 2–1 || 1–1 || 0–0 || 1–1 || 0–0 || 1–1 || 3–1 || 3–1 || 0–1 | 11–3 || 6–1 || 7–2 || 22–3 || 16–3 || 10–4 || 10–2 || 8–2 || 4–1 | 3–1 || 3–1 || 2–1 || 3–1 || 2–1 || 3–1 || 3–1 || 1–1 || 2–2 || 1–1 || 0–2 | bgcolor=efefef |'''2 / 44''' | bgcolor=efefef |'''129–42''' | bgcolor=efefef |'''75.4''' |- |} </div> ==MANAZARTA== mxir7ouf7jq9acewud6a7uszb2dq4ka 0 88993 823751 638881 2026-04-21T16:11:43Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 823751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''La Romana'''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070314215745/http://www.one.gob.do/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=114</ref> Lardi ne na Jamhuriyar Dominican. <ref>https://study.com/academy/lesson/dominican-republic-ethnic-groups.html#section---DominicanRepublicHistory</ref>Babban birnin kuma ana kiransa La Romana, kuma shine birni na uku mafi girma a cikin ƙasar.<ref>http://www.one.gob.do/</ref> An ɗaukaka La Romana zuwa rukunin lardin a shekarar 1944. File:Catalina Island, La Romana, Jamhuriyar Dominican. Jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu a bakin tekun Catalina Isl, yana gabatowa ga gaɓar dutse. jpg La Romana kuma gida ne ga Casa de Campo, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na duniya da manyan wuraren wasan golf, gami da Hakoran Golf na Dog. Yawancin masu fasaha na duniya da na gida suna yin a "Altos de Chavón", al'umma mai fasaha da jami'a.<ref>http://www.conapofa.gov.do/censo.asp{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == An kirkiro lardin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun 1961 bayan tsohon lardin La Altagracia ya rabu gida biyu, babban birninsu shi ne birnin La Romana, a lardin La Romana da kuma sabon lardin La Altagracia.<ref>https://www.transat.com/en-CA/destinations/south/dominican-republic/la-romana</ref> Rarraba siyasar wannan lardin na daya daga cikin mafi karancin sarkakiya a kasar.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/La-Romana-Dominican-Republic</ref> Ya ƙunshi gundumomi 3: La Romana, Guaymate da Villa Hermosa (wanda aka ƙirƙira a matsayin gunduma a cikin 2004) kuma tare da gundumomin Caleta da Cumayasa. La Romana ita ce babbar gundumar.<ref>https://www.godominicanrepublic.com/destinations/la-romana/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070314215735/http://www.one.gob.do/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=113</ref> == Wuri == Garin yakasance ne yana iyaka da arewa da lardin El Seibo, zuwa gabas tare da lardin La Altagracia, a kudu tare da Tekun Caribbean da yamma tare da lardin San Pedro de Macoris.<ref>http://www.conapofa.gov.do/censo.asp{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lardin yana cikin yankin gabashin Yuma. La Romana ita ce lardi na uku mafi ƙanƙanta a ƙasar, tare da 653.95 km2 kuma ya mamaye 1.3% na ƙasar ƙasa. Manyan koguna sune Cumayasa, La Romana (ko Río Dulce) da Chavón. ==Tattalin Arziki == Tattalin arzikin La Romana ya dogara ne akan masana'antar sukari, yankuna masu 'yanci da yawon shakatawa. A La Romana har yanzu akwai abin da ake kira bateye, wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan samar da sukari. Bateyes yankuna ne na braceros, wanda ke cikin wuri mai dacewa don gudanar da aikin noma na sukari. Babban aikin noma shi ne samar da rake da kuma kiwon shanu, da madara da nama.<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Romana,_Dominican_Republic</ref> Dangane da masana'antu, babban wanda shine samar da sukari. A cikin wadannan wurare akwai gidaje da wuraren ayyukan noma. Masana'antar sukari ita ce mafi girman ma'aikata masu zaman kansu a kasar, tare da ma'aikata 25,000 da suka hada da ma'aikata da ma'aikatan ofis.<ref>https://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g147292-La_Romana_La_Romana_Province_Dominican_Republic-Vacations.html</ref> == Manazarta == 86mfjl97le6gb7d10837eowxwgoc6wu 823752 823751 2026-04-21T16:11:58Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 823752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''La Romana'''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070314215745/http://www.one.gob.do/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=114</ref> Lardi ne na Jamhuriyar Dominican. <ref>https://study.com/academy/lesson/dominican-republic-ethnic-groups.html#section---DominicanRepublicHistory</ref>Babban birnin kuma ana kiransa La Romana, kuma shine birni na uku mafi girma a cikin ƙasar.<ref>http://www.one.gob.do/</ref> An ɗaukaka La Romana zuwa rukunin lardin a shekarar 1944. File:Catalina Island, La Romana, Jamhuriyar Dominican. Jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu a bakin tekun Catalina Isl, yana gabatowa ga gaɓar dutse. jpg La Romana kuma gida ne ga Casa de Campo, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na duniya da manyan wuraren wasan golf, gami da Hakoran Golf na Dog. Yawancin masu fasaha na duniya da na gida suna yin a "Altos de Chavón", al'umma mai fasaha da jami'a.<ref>http://www.conapofa.gov.do/censo.asp{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == An kirkiro lardin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1961 bayan tsohon lardin La Altagracia ya rabu gida biyu, babban birninsu shi ne birnin La Romana, a lardin La Romana da kuma sabon lardin La Altagracia.<ref>https://www.transat.com/en-CA/destinations/south/dominican-republic/la-romana</ref> Rarraba siyasar wannan lardin na daya daga cikin mafi karancin sarkakiya a kasar.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/La-Romana-Dominican-Republic</ref> Ya ƙunshi gundumomi 3: La Romana, Guaymate da Villa Hermosa (wanda aka ƙirƙira a matsayin gunduma a cikin 2004) kuma tare da gundumomin Caleta da Cumayasa. La Romana ita ce babbar gundumar.<ref>https://www.godominicanrepublic.com/destinations/la-romana/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070314215735/http://www.one.gob.do/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=113</ref> == Wuri == Garin yakasance ne yana iyaka da arewa da lardin El Seibo, zuwa gabas tare da lardin La Altagracia, a kudu tare da Tekun Caribbean da yamma tare da lardin San Pedro de Macoris.<ref>http://www.conapofa.gov.do/censo.asp{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lardin yana cikin yankin gabashin Yuma. La Romana ita ce lardi na uku mafi ƙanƙanta a ƙasar, tare da 653.95 km2 kuma ya mamaye 1.3% na ƙasar ƙasa. Manyan koguna sune Cumayasa, La Romana (ko Río Dulce) da Chavón. ==Tattalin Arziki == Tattalin arzikin La Romana ya dogara ne akan masana'antar sukari, yankuna masu 'yanci da yawon shakatawa. A La Romana har yanzu akwai abin da ake kira bateye, wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan samar da sukari. Bateyes yankuna ne na braceros, wanda ke cikin wuri mai dacewa don gudanar da aikin noma na sukari. Babban aikin noma shi ne samar da rake da kuma kiwon shanu, da madara da nama.<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Romana,_Dominican_Republic</ref> Dangane da masana'antu, babban wanda shine samar da sukari. A cikin wadannan wurare akwai gidaje da wuraren ayyukan noma. Masana'antar sukari ita ce mafi girman ma'aikata masu zaman kansu a kasar, tare da ma'aikata 25,000 da suka hada da ma'aikata da ma'aikatan ofis.<ref>https://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g147292-La_Romana_La_Romana_Province_Dominican_Republic-Vacations.html</ref> == Manazarta == rejj6so3w5fvqc0pqvuq8rzcp2f9q15 0 88997 823749 557697 2026-04-21T16:11:16Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 823749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bonao'''<ref>https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g1439031-Activities-Bonao_Monsenor_Nouel_Province_Dominican_Republic.html</ref> birni ne a kasar Dominican kuma shugaban gundumar Monseñor Nouel, a tsakiyar ƙasar.<ref>https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g1439031-Activities-Bonao_Monsenor_Nouel_Province_Dominican_Republic.html</ref><ref>https://www.amazon.com/Bonao-Republica-Dominicana-Traveling-Premium/dp/B0D8WR9GHQ</ref> Geografía Dominicana (in Spanish). Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Editora Colegial Quisqueyana.</ref> == Tarihi == An kuma kafa shi ne a cikin shekarar 1494 wani ƙaramin kagara a yankin da mutanen Taíno suka sani da Bonao.<ref>ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/DR/00000004.TXT</ref> An gina katangar don kare haƙar zinari a kewayen Maimón da sauran wurare.<ref>https://bonaocity.com.do</ref> Amma babu zinariya da yawa a yankin kuma nan da nan aka bar sansanin ba tare da mutane ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151114105747/http://www.one.gob.do/Multimedia/Download?ObjId=6159</ref> == Tattalin Arziki== Noma na da matukar muhimmanci a kewayen birnin; yana daya daga cikin manyan yankuna na kasar da ake noman shinkafa.<ref>https://www.travelmath.com/cities-near/Bonao,+Dominican+Republic</ref><ref>http://www.one.gob.do/Multimedia/Download?ObjId=5645f{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kididdiga == Gundumar a cikin shekarar 2014,tana da jimillar mutane 76,241: 37,349 maza da mata 38,892. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.conapofa.gov.do/estimado2014.asp |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-12-12 |archive-date=2014-02-02 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140202234012/http://www.conapofa.gov.do/estimado2014.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>Yawan jama'ar birni shine kashi 90% na yawan jama'a.<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonao</ref> == Manazarta == b7pfb4nyl3y6q6b6zqocfdi9yn19ann 0 92748 823658 591758 2026-04-21T15:18:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 823658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Gwen Moore, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|thumb|Gwen Moore]] '''Gwendolynne Sophia Moore''' (an Haife ta Afrilu 18, 1951) yar siyasar Amurka ce da ke aiki a matsayin wakilin Amurka na gundumar 4th na Wisconsin tun daga 2005. A cikin 2016, an zaɓi Moore don yin aiki a matsayin bulala na ƙungiyar Black Caucus na Majalisa<ref>"Membership". Congressional Black Caucus. Retrieved March 7, 2018.</ref> na Majalisar.<ref>"Hoyer Congratulates Leaders of the Congressional Black Caucus for the 115th Congress | The Office of Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer". www.democraticwhip.gov. Retrieved November 30, 2017.</ref><ref>It's Rep. Conyers' Right To Fight Allegations, Rep. Moore Says". NPR. Retrieved November 30, 2017.</ref> Ita 'yar jam'iyyar Democrat ce. Gundumarta tana cikin Milwaukee kuma a sakamakon sake rarrabawar 2011 kuma ta haɗa da wasu yankunan gundumar Milwaukee: Bayside, Brown Deer, Cudahy, Fox Point, Glendale, St. Francis, South Milwaukee, West Milwaukee, Shorewood, da Whitefish Bay. Moore ita ce mace ta farko da ta wakilci gundumar kuma mace ta biyu bayan Tammy Baldwin kuma Ba’amurke Ba’amurke ta farko da aka zaba a Majalisa daga Wisconsin. == Rayuwar baya, karatu da aiki == An haifi Moore a Racine, amma ta shafe yawancin rayuwarta a Milwaukee. Ita ce ta takwas a cikin yara tara; mahaifinta ma'aikacin masana'anta ne, mahaifiyarta kuma malamin makarantar gwamnati ne. Moore ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Arewa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar majalisar ɗalibai. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a 1973. A matsayin mai shiryawa tare da AmeriCorps VISTA, Moore ta yi aiki don kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ci gaban Al'umma ta Cream City don ba da tallafi da lamuni ga mazauna masu karamin karfi don fara kasuwanci.<ref>AmeriCorps: Gwendolynne Moore". Corporation for National & Community Service. Retrieved May 28, 2012.</ref> Don aikinta, an ba ta lambar yabo ta kasa "VISTA Volunteer of the Decade" daga 1976 zuwa 1986.<ref>Archived June 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine</ref> Daga 1985 zuwa 1989, ta yi aiki da birnin Milwaukee a matsayin mai tsara dabarun raya unguwa da kuma Ma'aikatar Harkokin Aiki ta Jiha da Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya da Sabis na Jama'a. Moore ya kuma yi aiki da Hukumar Kula da Gidaje da Tattalin Arziki ta Wisconsin (WHEDA) a matsayin jami'in gidaje. == Majalisar Wisconsin == An zaɓi Moore a Majalisar Wisconsin a cikin 1988 kuma ta yi aiki sau biyu tana wakiltar gundumar 7th. Ta kasance fitacciyar muryar da ke kira da a gudanar da bincike kan lamarin mai kisan gilla Jeffrey Dahmer, wanda ke zaune a yankuna biyu daga Moore. A cikin 1992, an zaɓi Moore a Majalisar Dattijai ta Jihar Wisconsin, inda ta wakilci gundumar 4th daga 1993 zuwa 2005. Ita ce mace ta farko Ba-Amurke da aka zaba a majalisar dattijai ta jihar[abubuwan da ake buƙata] kuma ta zama babbar murya game da matakan tsaro na ID na wajibi don shiga Capitol. Ta ce, "Ana tuna min da [9/11] mai garkuwa da mutane Mohammed Atta yana da ID na hoto. Wannan ba zai gaya wa mutane ko ni dan ta'adda ba ne. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1951]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] b1cv9ucz3wz218yfnxdcp1jhbgctgbb 823659 823658 2026-04-21T15:18:37Z Pharouqenr 25549 823659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Gwen Moore, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|thumb|Gwen Moore]] '''Gwendolynne Sophia Moore''' (an Haife ta Afrilu 18, 1951) ta kasance yar siyasar Amurka ce da ke aiki a matsayin wakilin Amurka na gundumar 4th na Wisconsin tun daga 2005. A cikin 2016, an zaɓi Moore don yin aiki a matsayin bulala na ƙungiyar Black Caucus na Majalisa<ref>"Membership". Congressional Black Caucus. Retrieved March 7, 2018.</ref> na Majalisar.<ref>"Hoyer Congratulates Leaders of the Congressional Black Caucus for the 115th Congress | The Office of Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer". www.democraticwhip.gov. Retrieved November 30, 2017.</ref><ref>It's Rep. Conyers' Right To Fight Allegations, Rep. Moore Says". NPR. Retrieved November 30, 2017.</ref> Ita 'yar jam'iyyar Democrat ce. Gundumarta tana cikin Milwaukee kuma a sakamakon sake rarrabawar 2011 kuma ta haɗa da wasu yankunan gundumar Milwaukee: Bayside, Brown Deer, Cudahy, Fox Point, Glendale, St. Francis, South Milwaukee, West Milwaukee, Shorewood, da Whitefish Bay. Moore ita ce mace ta farko da ta wakilci gundumar kuma mace ta biyu bayan Tammy Baldwin kuma Ba’amurke Ba’amurke ta farko da aka zaba a Majalisa daga Wisconsin. == Rayuwar baya, karatu da aiki == An haifi Moore a Racine, amma ta shafe yawancin rayuwarta a Milwaukee. Ita ce ta takwas a cikin yara tara; mahaifinta ma'aikacin masana'anta ne, mahaifiyarta kuma malamin makarantar gwamnati ne. Moore ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Arewa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar majalisar ɗalibai. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a 1973. A matsayin mai shiryawa tare da AmeriCorps VISTA, Moore ta yi aiki don kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ci gaban Al'umma ta Cream City don ba da tallafi da lamuni ga mazauna masu karamin karfi don fara kasuwanci.<ref>AmeriCorps: Gwendolynne Moore". Corporation for National & Community Service. Retrieved May 28, 2012.</ref> Don aikinta, an ba ta lambar yabo ta kasa "VISTA Volunteer of the Decade" daga 1976 zuwa 1986.<ref>Archived June 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine</ref> Daga 1985 zuwa 1989, ta yi aiki da birnin Milwaukee a matsayin mai tsara dabarun raya unguwa da kuma Ma'aikatar Harkokin Aiki ta Jiha da Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya da Sabis na Jama'a. Moore ya kuma yi aiki da Hukumar Kula da Gidaje da Tattalin Arziki ta Wisconsin (WHEDA) a matsayin jami'in gidaje. == Majalisar Wisconsin == An zaɓi Moore a Majalisar Wisconsin a cikin 1988 kuma ta yi aiki sau biyu tana wakiltar gundumar 7th. Ta kasance fitacciyar muryar da ke kira da a gudanar da bincike kan lamarin mai kisan gilla Jeffrey Dahmer, wanda ke zaune a yankuna biyu daga Moore. A cikin 1992, an zaɓi Moore a Majalisar Dattijai ta Jihar Wisconsin, inda ta wakilci gundumar 4th daga 1993 zuwa 2005. Ita ce mace ta farko Ba-Amurke da aka zaba a majalisar dattijai ta jihar[abubuwan da ake buƙata] kuma ta zama babbar murya game da matakan tsaro na ID na wajibi don shiga Capitol. Ta ce, "Ana tuna min da [9/11] mai garkuwa da mutane Mohammed Atta yana da ID na hoto. Wannan ba zai gaya wa mutane ko ni dan ta'adda ba ne. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1951]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] r12bizn6zd15okc0wqz9u2fk15exfi0 823660 823659 2026-04-21T15:18:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 823660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Gwen Moore, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|thumb|Gwen Moore]] '''Gwendolynne Sophia Moore''' (an Haife ta Afrilu 18, 1951) ta kasance yar siyasar [[Amurka]] ce da ke aiki a matsayin wakilin Amurka na gundumar 4th na Wisconsin tun daga 2005. A cikin 2016, an zaɓi Moore don yin aiki a matsayin bulala na ƙungiyar Black Caucus na Majalisa<ref>"Membership". Congressional Black Caucus. Retrieved March 7, 2018.</ref> na Majalisar.<ref>"Hoyer Congratulates Leaders of the Congressional Black Caucus for the 115th Congress | The Office of Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer". www.democraticwhip.gov. Retrieved November 30, 2017.</ref><ref>It's Rep. Conyers' Right To Fight Allegations, Rep. Moore Says". NPR. Retrieved November 30, 2017.</ref> Ita 'yar jam'iyyar Democrat ce. Gundumarta tana cikin Milwaukee kuma a sakamakon sake rarrabawar 2011 kuma ta haɗa da wasu yankunan gundumar Milwaukee: Bayside, Brown Deer, Cudahy, Fox Point, Glendale, St. Francis, South Milwaukee, West Milwaukee, Shorewood, da Whitefish Bay. Moore ita ce mace ta farko da ta wakilci gundumar kuma mace ta biyu bayan Tammy Baldwin kuma Ba’amurke Ba’amurke ta farko da aka zaba a Majalisa daga Wisconsin. == Rayuwar baya, karatu da aiki == An haifi Moore a Racine, amma ta shafe yawancin rayuwarta a Milwaukee. Ita ce ta takwas a cikin yara tara; mahaifinta ma'aikacin masana'anta ne, mahaifiyarta kuma malamin makarantar gwamnati ne. Moore ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Arewa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar majalisar ɗalibai. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a 1973. A matsayin mai shiryawa tare da AmeriCorps VISTA, Moore ta yi aiki don kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ci gaban Al'umma ta Cream City don ba da tallafi da lamuni ga mazauna masu karamin karfi don fara kasuwanci.<ref>AmeriCorps: Gwendolynne Moore". Corporation for National & Community Service. Retrieved May 28, 2012.</ref> Don aikinta, an ba ta lambar yabo ta kasa "VISTA Volunteer of the Decade" daga 1976 zuwa 1986.<ref>Archived June 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine</ref> Daga 1985 zuwa 1989, ta yi aiki da birnin Milwaukee a matsayin mai tsara dabarun raya unguwa da kuma Ma'aikatar Harkokin Aiki ta Jiha da Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya da Sabis na Jama'a. Moore ya kuma yi aiki da Hukumar Kula da Gidaje da Tattalin Arziki ta Wisconsin (WHEDA) a matsayin jami'in gidaje. == Majalisar Wisconsin == An zaɓi Moore a Majalisar Wisconsin a cikin 1988 kuma ta yi aiki sau biyu tana wakiltar gundumar 7th. Ta kasance fitacciyar muryar da ke kira da a gudanar da bincike kan lamarin mai kisan gilla Jeffrey Dahmer, wanda ke zaune a yankuna biyu daga Moore. A cikin 1992, an zaɓi Moore a Majalisar Dattijai ta Jihar Wisconsin, inda ta wakilci gundumar 4th daga 1993 zuwa 2005. Ita ce mace ta farko Ba-Amurke da aka zaba a majalisar dattijai ta jihar[abubuwan da ake buƙata] kuma ta zama babbar murya game da matakan tsaro na ID na wajibi don shiga Capitol. Ta ce, "Ana tuna min da [9/11] mai garkuwa da mutane Mohammed Atta yana da ID na hoto. Wannan ba zai gaya wa mutane ko ni dan ta'adda ba ne. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1951]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 5of5r1pmva5y0tmrk0t7u2dlfc4ck20 823661 823660 2026-04-21T15:25:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 823661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Gwen Moore, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|thumb|Gwen Moore]] '''Gwendolynne Sophia Moore''' (an Haife ta Afrilu 18, 1951) ta kasance yar siyasar [[Amurka]] ce da ke aiki a matsayin wakilin [[Amurka]] na gundumar 4th na Wisconsin tun daga 2005. A cikin 2016, an zaɓi Moore don yin aiki a matsayin bulala na ƙungiyar Black Caucus na Majalisa<ref>"Membership". Congressional Black Caucus. Retrieved March 7, 2018.</ref> na Majalisar.<ref>"Hoyer Congratulates Leaders of the Congressional Black Caucus for the 115th Congress | The Office of Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer". www.democraticwhip.gov. Retrieved November 30, 2017.</ref><ref>It's Rep. Conyers' Right To Fight Allegations, Rep. Moore Says". NPR. Retrieved November 30, 2017.</ref> Ita 'yar jam'iyyar Democrat ce. Gundumarta tana cikin Milwaukee kuma a sakamakon sake rarrabawar 2011 kuma ta haɗa da wasu yankunan gundumar Milwaukee: Bayside, Brown Deer, Cudahy, Fox Point, Glendale, St. Francis, South Milwaukee, West Milwaukee, Shorewood, da Whitefish Bay. Moore ita ce mace ta farko da ta wakilci gundumar kuma mace ta biyu bayan Tammy Baldwin kuma Ba’amurke Ba’amurke ta farko da aka zaba a Majalisa daga Wisconsin. == Rayuwar baya, karatu da aiki == An haifi Moore a Racine, amma ta shafe yawancin rayuwarta a Milwaukee. Ita ce ta takwas a cikin yara tara; mahaifinta ma'aikacin masana'anta ne, mahaifiyarta kuma malamin makarantar gwamnati ne. Moore ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Arewa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar majalisar ɗalibai. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a 1973. A matsayin mai shiryawa tare da AmeriCorps VISTA, Moore ta yi aiki don kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ci gaban Al'umma ta Cream City don ba da tallafi da lamuni ga mazauna masu karamin karfi don fara kasuwanci.<ref>AmeriCorps: Gwendolynne Moore". Corporation for National & Community Service. Retrieved May 28, 2012.</ref> Don aikinta, an ba ta lambar yabo ta kasa "VISTA Volunteer of the Decade" daga 1976 zuwa 1986.<ref>Archived June 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine</ref> Daga 1985 zuwa 1989, ta yi aiki da birnin Milwaukee a matsayin mai tsara dabarun raya unguwa da kuma Ma'aikatar Harkokin Aiki ta Jiha da Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya da Sabis na Jama'a. Moore ya kuma yi aiki da Hukumar Kula da Gidaje da Tattalin Arziki ta Wisconsin (WHEDA) a matsayin jami'in gidaje. == Majalisar Wisconsin == An zaɓi Moore a Majalisar Wisconsin a cikin 1988 kuma ta yi aiki sau biyu tana wakiltar gundumar 7th. Ta kasance fitacciyar muryar da ke kira da a gudanar da bincike kan lamarin mai kisan gilla Jeffrey Dahmer, wanda ke zaune a yankuna biyu daga Moore. A cikin 1992, an zaɓi Moore a Majalisar Dattijai ta Jihar Wisconsin, inda ta wakilci gundumar 4th daga 1993 zuwa 2005. Ita ce mace ta farko Ba-Amurke da aka zaba a majalisar dattijai ta jihar[abubuwan da ake buƙata] kuma ta zama babbar murya game da matakan tsaro na ID na wajibi don shiga Capitol. Ta ce, "Ana tuna min da [9/11] mai garkuwa da mutane Mohammed Atta yana da ID na hoto. Wannan ba zai gaya wa mutane ko ni dan ta'adda ba ne. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1951]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] mnrxvj7qlzsvd3nocbbv84s2fshsta8 0 93672 824112 717461 2026-04-22T09:43:17Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Aleksandar_Novaković,_2015.jpg|alt=|thumb|224x224px]] '''Aleksandar Novaković''' (Serbian-Cyrillic: Александар Новаковић; an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1975 a [[Belgrade]], Yugoslavia) marubucin Serbia ne, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, ɗan tarihi, mawaƙi kuma Dan gwagwarmayar siyasa. == Rayuwa da Aiki == Aleksandar Novaković ya girma a garinsu kuma ya halarci XII Belgrade Gymnasium a yankin Voždovac, ya kammala karatu tare da difloma na balaga a 1994. Daga nan sai ya fara karatu a sashen [[Tarihi]] na Faculty na Falsafa na Jami'ar Belgrade kuma ya kammala karatu a 2002 tare da difloma. Ya canza zuwa Jami'ar Fasaha kuma ya ci gaba da karatunsa a cikin karatun wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo. A shekara ta 2007, Novaković (maigister tun shekara ta 2006) ya sami goyon baya daga John McGrath scholarship na Jami'ar Edinburgh. A shekara ta 2012, ya sami digirin digirinsa tare da rubutun a kan baƙi a matsayin dramatis personae a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Serbia 1734-1990 (Stranci kao dramatis persona e u srpskoj drami 1734-1999). Novaković yana ba da lacca game da tarihin wasan kwaikwayo da ka'idar ban mamaki a New Academy of Arts tun 2014. Marubucin ya buga bayanan martaba a kan LinkedIn da [[Fezbuk|Facebook]], ya ɗora bidiyo daban-daban kamar ''Alasdair MacFearnua'' zuwa [[YouTube]] (Alasdair na nufin Alexander; MacFearnue abun da ke ciki ne na Mac, [[Harshen Irish|tsoro]] na nufin mutum da nua na nufin sabon: a bayyane ambaton ma'anar sunansa Novaković), ya gyara shafin yanar gizon Nowakowsky - My Life, My Writing kuma shafin yanar gizon kansa yana mai da hankali kan aikinsa na wallafe-wallafen da yawa. Ya kuma kasance yana rubutu ga Rediyon Belgrade na wasu shekaru kuma zaɓin kansa na watsa shirye-shiryen da aka rubuta yana samuwa a Mixcloud. Har ila yau, mai zane ya kasance mai kirkirar abubuwa a matsayin mai kunna guitar a cikin ƙungiyoyi na shekaru da yawa kuma ana iya jin wasu dandano na kiɗa a Bandcamp. Shi ne (wanda aka cika da Monicker Setanta) guitarist kuma lyricist na rukuni na lantarki-rock guda biyu Afterparty wanda aka gabatar da kiɗa a kan Bandcamp. Marubucin litattafai takwas kuma memba ne na kwamitin edita na mujallar yanar gizo ta Serbia ''Eckermann'', mai suna bayan babban aminin [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], marubucin aikin Dichtung und Wahrheit (Waƙoƙi da Gaskiya). Ana iya amfani da kalmar Jamusanci ''Dichtung'' daidai don fiction ko ƙarya. Karatun litattafan Novaković tafiya ce ta lokaci zuwa baya, nan gaba ko yanzu, amma a kowane hali yawanci suna haɗa da labarun mutane da hanyar kansu zuwa ƙarya da gaskiyar rayuwarsu don neman farin ciki da ainihin cika kai. Ko ta yaya, ko mai karatu yana tare da ɗan jaridar Serbia a kan tafiyarsa zuwa Scotland kamar a cikin littafin Celtic ko saduwa da wani matashi marubucin wasan kwaikwayo kamar a cikin littafi Glacier, yana nazarin mai mulkin mallaka na gaba da siyasarsa a cikin shekara ta 2030 a cikin littafin ''Novo Smederevo'' ko kuma ya gaya masa labarin game da ''Mai Girma'' Ɗaya Duško Popović, mai sa kai na yakin basasar Spain tare da cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwar Božidar Petrović, duk ayyukan marubucin sun cancanci su. Littafin da ya lashe lambar yabo The Leader ya ba da labari game da wani jami'in Sojojin Sarkin Serbia mara kyau da rashin mutunci da kuma yadda yake kula da baya-bayan nan (Yaƙe-yaƙe na Balkan). Masanin tarihi Novaković ya mayar da hankali ga makircin zuwa wani rana: Vidovdan na shekara ta 1914, lokacin da kisan gillar magajin Austriya ya faru a Sarajevo. Abubuwan da ke cikin littafin sun ƙi tabbatar da muhawara daga wakilan akidar Serbia da kuma tashin hankali da yaki a matsayin hanyar siyasa kuma sun fallasa muhawara daban-daban na masu kirkirar makircin kasa a matsayin rashin fahimta. An zabi rubutun littafinsa mai suna Regulator wanda ba a buga shi ba don zaɓin karshe na Miroslav Dereta Award na wannan gidan wallafe-wallafen a cikin 2007. Zai zama abin sha'awa ga marubucin a gabatar da shi ga jama'a masu karatu a Turai tare da fassarori a cikin harsuna daban-daban. An kuma buga gajerun labaru, satires, waƙoƙi, sake dubawa, labaran siyasa da litattafai a cikin jaridu da mujallu irin su ''NIN'', Književne Joyle, ''Koraci'', ''Lipar'', ''Reč'', ''Polja'', ''Zbornik Matice srpske'', ''Afirmator'', ''Beton'', ''Povelja'', Kvartal, ''Braničevo'' da wasu. Za a ambaci wani maganganu na mai zane, mai yawa na kyaututtuka goma sha biyu na wallafe-wallafen kuma tsohon memba na ''Aphoristic Circle Belgrade'' (Beogradski aforističarski krug) a ƙarshe: Gaskiya tana wani wuri tsakanin, kawai cewa yana kusa da gefenmu (Istina je negde Sao, samo što je mnogo bliža Half strani). Novaković ya kasance memba mai aiki na DiEM25 na Serbia daga Yuni 2016 zuwa Yuni 2021 lokacin da ya bar motsi. A Serbia, Novaković ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun mambobin Partija radicalne levice (Party of Radical Left) kuma ya gudanar da manyan ayyuka da yawa a PRL kafin ya bar shi a watan Maris na 2021. Yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka sanya hannu kan wata takarda don tallafawa tsohon darektan National Library of Serbia, wanda aka cire shi daga ofis a shekarar 2012 saboda dalilai na siyasa. Daga cikin masu sanya hannu akwai mutane kamar [[Filip David]], Nenad Prokić, Mirko Đorđević da Biljana Srbljanović . Marubucin kuma ya sanya hannu kan sanarwar a kan harshe na yau da kullun na harsunan aikin da kishin kasa. Sanarwar ta yi adawa da rabuwa ta siyasa na bambance-bambance huɗu na Serbo-Croatian wanda ke haifar da jerin abubuwan da ba su dace ba na zamantakewa, al'adu da siyasa wanda ake aiwatar da maganganun harshe a matsayin ma'auni na haɗin kabilanci da ƙasa kuma a matsayin hanyar aminci na siyasa a jihohin da suka gaji Yugoslavia. Yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa [https://www.facebook.com/Dru%C5%A1tveni-pokret-Plamen-101557565491073 Društveni pokret Plamen] (Social Movement Flame), kungiyar hagu da aka kafa a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2021 kuma yana rubuta labarai ga wannan motsi. == Bayanan littattafai (zaɓin) == ; Nazarin wasan kwaikwayo da fim * ''Kako je Tito razbijao "tikve": istorija zabrane pozorišne predstave "Kad su cvetale tikve" Dragoslava Mihailovića'' (How Tito did smash the "pumpkins": history of the ban on the theater play "When the pumpkins blossomed" by Dragoslav Mihailović), Narodna knjiga–Alfa, Belgrade 2004, {{ISBN|86-331-0955-7}}. * ''Mentalitet i (ne)istoričnost Slovena kao dramatis personae u dramama engleskog govornog područja (1878-1990)'' (Mentality and (non)historicity of the Slavs as dramatis personae in English written dramas: 1878-1990), Belgrade 2009. * ''Razbijeno slovensko ogledalo ili Sloveni kao dramatis personae u dramama engleskog govornog područja'' (A broken Slavic mirror or Slavs as dramatis personae in the drama of the English-speaking area), Mali Nemo, Pančevo 2010, {{ISBN|978-86-7972-048-1}}. * ''Nemci i Austrijanci u srpskoj drami: 1734–1990'' (Germans and Austrians in Serbian drama), Požarevac 2016. * ''Crnogorci u dramama srpskih autora: 1734-1990'' (Montenegrins in the dramas of Serbian authors), Zbornik Matice srpska, Novi Sad 2016 * ''Srbi u američkom filmu'' (Serbs in American cinema (1925-2023)) Presing Belgrade, 2023 * ''Stranci u srpskoj drami(1734-1990)'' (Foreigners in Serbian theatrical plays (1734-1990) Presing Belgrade, 2023 ; Wasanni na gidan wasan kwaikwayo * Sistem (The System), Farko a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa Užice, 2001 . * ''Zubi'' (Teeth), Farko a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Serbia Novi Sad, 2004. * Aladinova čarobna lampa (Aladdin's Magic Lamp), Farko a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pinokio Belgrade, 2007 . * Nahan (Mutuminmu; co-marubucin), Farko a Hercegnovsko pozorište, Herceg Novi, 2008. ; Littattafan wasan kwaikwayo * Bliskost: wasan kwaikwayo Matrijoška i Zubi (Kamarwa: wasan kwaikwayo na Matrioška da Teeth), Matična biblioteka "Svetozar Marković", Zaječar 2007, .  * Kyautar Golden Helmet (Zlatna kaciga) 1997 don satire * Kyautar Vib ta Politika ta 1999 don maganganu, bai karɓi kyautar ba da farko; daga baya ya karɓa a shekara ta 2001. * ''Kyautar ta biyu ta Rediyon Belgrade 2003 don Wasan rediyo'' * Josip-Kulundžić-Award 2004 don wasan kwaikwayo. * Mali Nemo Award 2008 don Keltskaвла (Celtic tale) * ''Kyautar VBZ'' ta 2010 don Vođa (The Leader) * ''Kyautar farko ta Rediyon Belgrade ta 2011 don shirin rediyoRediyo na rediyo'' * Kyautar bikin na Belgrade's Aphoristic Circle 2017 don mafi kyawun ɗan gajeren labari == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] q6gud9ge6mltkkhlbzdu0poknm4nqls 824113 824112 2026-04-22T09:43:33Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Aleksandar_Novaković,_2015.jpg|alt=|thumb|224x224px]] '''Aleksandar Novaković''' (Serbian-Cyrillic: Александар Новаковић; an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1975 a [[Belgrade]], Yugoslavia) marubucin Serbia ne, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, ɗan tarihi, mawaƙi kuma Dan gwagwarmayar siyasa. == Rayuwa da Aiki == Aleksandar Novaković ya girma a garinsu kuma ya halarci XII Belgrade Gymnasium a yankin Voždovac, ya kammala karatu tare da difloma na balaga a shekarar 1994. Daga nan sai ya fara karatu a sashen [[Tarihi]] na Faculty na Falsafa na Jami'ar Belgrade kuma ya kammala karatu a 2002 tare da difloma. Ya canza zuwa Jami'ar Fasaha kuma ya ci gaba da karatunsa a cikin karatun wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo. A shekara ta 2007, Novaković (maigister tun shekara ta 2006) ya sami goyon baya daga John McGrath scholarship na Jami'ar Edinburgh. A shekara ta 2012, ya sami digirin digirinsa tare da rubutun a kan baƙi a matsayin dramatis personae a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Serbia 1734-1990 (Stranci kao dramatis persona e u srpskoj drami 1734-1999). Novaković yana ba da lacca game da tarihin wasan kwaikwayo da ka'idar ban mamaki a New Academy of Arts tun 2014. Marubucin ya buga bayanan martaba a kan LinkedIn da [[Fezbuk|Facebook]], ya ɗora bidiyo daban-daban kamar ''Alasdair MacFearnua'' zuwa [[YouTube]] (Alasdair na nufin Alexander; MacFearnue abun da ke ciki ne na Mac, [[Harshen Irish|tsoro]] na nufin mutum da nua na nufin sabon: a bayyane ambaton ma'anar sunansa Novaković), ya gyara shafin yanar gizon Nowakowsky - My Life, My Writing kuma shafin yanar gizon kansa yana mai da hankali kan aikinsa na wallafe-wallafen da yawa. Ya kuma kasance yana rubutu ga Rediyon Belgrade na wasu shekaru kuma zaɓin kansa na watsa shirye-shiryen da aka rubuta yana samuwa a Mixcloud. Har ila yau, mai zane ya kasance mai kirkirar abubuwa a matsayin mai kunna guitar a cikin ƙungiyoyi na shekaru da yawa kuma ana iya jin wasu dandano na kiɗa a Bandcamp. Shi ne (wanda aka cika da Monicker Setanta) guitarist kuma lyricist na rukuni na lantarki-rock guda biyu Afterparty wanda aka gabatar da kiɗa a kan Bandcamp. Marubucin litattafai takwas kuma memba ne na kwamitin edita na mujallar yanar gizo ta Serbia ''Eckermann'', mai suna bayan babban aminin [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], marubucin aikin Dichtung und Wahrheit (Waƙoƙi da Gaskiya). Ana iya amfani da kalmar Jamusanci ''Dichtung'' daidai don fiction ko ƙarya. Karatun litattafan Novaković tafiya ce ta lokaci zuwa baya, nan gaba ko yanzu, amma a kowane hali yawanci suna haɗa da labarun mutane da hanyar kansu zuwa ƙarya da gaskiyar rayuwarsu don neman farin ciki da ainihin cika kai. Ko ta yaya, ko mai karatu yana tare da ɗan jaridar Serbia a kan tafiyarsa zuwa Scotland kamar a cikin littafin Celtic ko saduwa da wani matashi marubucin wasan kwaikwayo kamar a cikin littafi Glacier, yana nazarin mai mulkin mallaka na gaba da siyasarsa a cikin shekara ta 2030 a cikin littafin ''Novo Smederevo'' ko kuma ya gaya masa labarin game da ''Mai Girma'' Ɗaya Duško Popović, mai sa kai na yakin basasar Spain tare da cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwar Božidar Petrović, duk ayyukan marubucin sun cancanci su. Littafin da ya lashe lambar yabo The Leader ya ba da labari game da wani jami'in Sojojin Sarkin Serbia mara kyau da rashin mutunci da kuma yadda yake kula da baya-bayan nan (Yaƙe-yaƙe na Balkan). Masanin tarihi Novaković ya mayar da hankali ga makircin zuwa wani rana: Vidovdan na shekara ta 1914, lokacin da kisan gillar magajin Austriya ya faru a Sarajevo. Abubuwan da ke cikin littafin sun ƙi tabbatar da muhawara daga wakilan akidar Serbia da kuma tashin hankali da yaki a matsayin hanyar siyasa kuma sun fallasa muhawara daban-daban na masu kirkirar makircin kasa a matsayin rashin fahimta. An zabi rubutun littafinsa mai suna Regulator wanda ba a buga shi ba don zaɓin karshe na Miroslav Dereta Award na wannan gidan wallafe-wallafen a cikin 2007. Zai zama abin sha'awa ga marubucin a gabatar da shi ga jama'a masu karatu a Turai tare da fassarori a cikin harsuna daban-daban. An kuma buga gajerun labaru, satires, waƙoƙi, sake dubawa, labaran siyasa da litattafai a cikin jaridu da mujallu irin su ''NIN'', Književne Joyle, ''Koraci'', ''Lipar'', ''Reč'', ''Polja'', ''Zbornik Matice srpske'', ''Afirmator'', ''Beton'', ''Povelja'', Kvartal, ''Braničevo'' da wasu. Za a ambaci wani maganganu na mai zane, mai yawa na kyaututtuka goma sha biyu na wallafe-wallafen kuma tsohon memba na ''Aphoristic Circle Belgrade'' (Beogradski aforističarski krug) a ƙarshe: Gaskiya tana wani wuri tsakanin, kawai cewa yana kusa da gefenmu (Istina je negde Sao, samo što je mnogo bliža Half strani). Novaković ya kasance memba mai aiki na DiEM25 na Serbia daga Yuni 2016 zuwa Yuni 2021 lokacin da ya bar motsi. A Serbia, Novaković ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun mambobin Partija radicalne levice (Party of Radical Left) kuma ya gudanar da manyan ayyuka da yawa a PRL kafin ya bar shi a watan Maris na 2021. Yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka sanya hannu kan wata takarda don tallafawa tsohon darektan National Library of Serbia, wanda aka cire shi daga ofis a shekarar 2012 saboda dalilai na siyasa. Daga cikin masu sanya hannu akwai mutane kamar [[Filip David]], Nenad Prokić, Mirko Đorđević da Biljana Srbljanović . Marubucin kuma ya sanya hannu kan sanarwar a kan harshe na yau da kullun na harsunan aikin da kishin kasa. Sanarwar ta yi adawa da rabuwa ta siyasa na bambance-bambance huɗu na Serbo-Croatian wanda ke haifar da jerin abubuwan da ba su dace ba na zamantakewa, al'adu da siyasa wanda ake aiwatar da maganganun harshe a matsayin ma'auni na haɗin kabilanci da ƙasa kuma a matsayin hanyar aminci na siyasa a jihohin da suka gaji Yugoslavia. Yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa [https://www.facebook.com/Dru%C5%A1tveni-pokret-Plamen-101557565491073 Društveni pokret Plamen] (Social Movement Flame), kungiyar hagu da aka kafa a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2021 kuma yana rubuta labarai ga wannan motsi. == Bayanan littattafai (zaɓin) == ; Nazarin wasan kwaikwayo da fim * ''Kako je Tito razbijao "tikve": istorija zabrane pozorišne predstave "Kad su cvetale tikve" Dragoslava Mihailovića'' (How Tito did smash the "pumpkins": history of the ban on the theater play "When the pumpkins blossomed" by Dragoslav Mihailović), Narodna knjiga–Alfa, Belgrade 2004, {{ISBN|86-331-0955-7}}. * ''Mentalitet i (ne)istoričnost Slovena kao dramatis personae u dramama engleskog govornog područja (1878-1990)'' (Mentality and (non)historicity of the Slavs as dramatis personae in English written dramas: 1878-1990), Belgrade 2009. * ''Razbijeno slovensko ogledalo ili Sloveni kao dramatis personae u dramama engleskog govornog područja'' (A broken Slavic mirror or Slavs as dramatis personae in the drama of the English-speaking area), Mali Nemo, Pančevo 2010, {{ISBN|978-86-7972-048-1}}. * ''Nemci i Austrijanci u srpskoj drami: 1734–1990'' (Germans and Austrians in Serbian drama), Požarevac 2016. * ''Crnogorci u dramama srpskih autora: 1734-1990'' (Montenegrins in the dramas of Serbian authors), Zbornik Matice srpska, Novi Sad 2016 * ''Srbi u američkom filmu'' (Serbs in American cinema (1925-2023)) Presing Belgrade, 2023 * ''Stranci u srpskoj drami(1734-1990)'' (Foreigners in Serbian theatrical plays (1734-1990) Presing Belgrade, 2023 ; Wasanni na gidan wasan kwaikwayo * Sistem (The System), Farko a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa Užice, 2001 . * ''Zubi'' (Teeth), Farko a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Serbia Novi Sad, 2004. * Aladinova čarobna lampa (Aladdin's Magic Lamp), Farko a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pinokio Belgrade, 2007 . * Nahan (Mutuminmu; co-marubucin), Farko a Hercegnovsko pozorište, Herceg Novi, 2008. ; Littattafan wasan kwaikwayo * Bliskost: wasan kwaikwayo Matrijoška i Zubi (Kamarwa: wasan kwaikwayo na Matrioška da Teeth), Matična biblioteka "Svetozar Marković", Zaječar 2007, .  * Kyautar Golden Helmet (Zlatna kaciga) 1997 don satire * Kyautar Vib ta Politika ta 1999 don maganganu, bai karɓi kyautar ba da farko; daga baya ya karɓa a shekara ta 2001. * ''Kyautar ta biyu ta Rediyon Belgrade 2003 don Wasan rediyo'' * Josip-Kulundžić-Award 2004 don wasan kwaikwayo. * Mali Nemo Award 2008 don Keltskaвла (Celtic tale) * ''Kyautar VBZ'' ta 2010 don Vođa (The Leader) * ''Kyautar farko ta Rediyon Belgrade ta 2011 don shirin rediyoRediyo na rediyo'' * Kyautar bikin na Belgrade's Aphoristic Circle 2017 don mafi kyawun ɗan gajeren labari == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] 2g39x0hk9zqwr42gmuilx59cbtbph60 0 94150 823925 692051 2026-04-22T04:43:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yogita Bhayana''' sanannen mai fafutukar yaki da fyade ne a Indiya, wanda ke jagorantar People Against Rape in India (PARI), kungiyar da ke neman tallafawa Wadanda suka tsira daga fyade da kuma taimaka musu samun adalci ga masu kai musu hari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2020 |title=Centre, state govts not doing anything to prevent 'barbaric' rapes: Activist |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/centre-state-govts-not-doing-anything-to-prevent-barbaric-rapes-activist20200816154303/ |publisher=aninews.in |access-date=25 February 2025 |archive-date=9 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609185007/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/centre-state-govts-not-doing-anything-to-prevent-barbaric-rapes-activist20200816154303/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma kafa kuma ta gudanar da mafaka 200 marasa gida a [[Delhi]] kuma ta sami goyon baya ga wadanda suka tsira daga fyade da suka fara kokarin yaki da tashin hankali na jima'i. Ta fara kamfen din "Nari Ke 2 Din" wanda ke neman ƙirƙirar zaman majalisa na musamman kan batutuwan mata. == Ilimi == Bhayana ta sami digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanar da Bala'i . == Rayuwa ta farko == Ta kasance jagora a cikin masu ganawa da ma'aikatan Anganwadi a duk faɗin Delhi NCR, kwamitin kwararru kan jinsi da ilimi Hukumar Mata ta Kasa, Rogi Kalyan Samiti Gwamnatin Delhi, da Hukumar Cin zarafin Jima'i ta Delhi. Ganin hadarin hanya da kallon rashin jin daɗi na 'yan sanda da ma'aikatan asibiti da farko ya jagoranci Bhayana ya zama mai fafutukar zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2021 |title=Activist Yogita Bhayana moves HC seeking direction to Kwality Pharmaceuticals to supply available units of Remdesivir |url=https://english.lokmat.com/national/activist-yogita-bhayana-moves-hc-seeking-direction-to-kwality-pharmaceuticals-to-supply-available/ |publisher=lokmat.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2015 |title=Dec 16 gangrape: Off camera, how they got House to hear Jyoti parents' anguish |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/dec-16-gangrape-off-camera-how-they-got-house-to-hear-jyoti-parents-anguish/ |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2021 |title=Activist Yogita Bhayana distributes Kangri among protesting farmers at Singhu border |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/video-activist-yogita-bhayana-distributes-kangri-among-protesting-farmers-at-singhu-border-2865503 |publisher=dnainda.com}}</ref> Bhayana tana aiki sosai a kan shari'o'in fyade.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2020 |title=महिलाओं ने संसद से मांगा दो दिन का वुमेन स्पेशल सत्र, ये है वजह |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/delhi-ncr/social-activist-yogita-bhayana-start-campaign-for-two-day-annual-session-of-parliament-on-womens-issues-nirbhaya-case-dlop-2897893.html |publisher=hindi.news18.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2020 |title=Meet The Social Activist At Forefront Of Nirbhaya Case Now Helping Outstation Patients To Get Back Home |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/yogita-bhayana-outstation-patients-home/ |publisher=shethepeople.tv}}</ref> zanga-zangar ta taimaka wajen aikata laifuka da kisan kai a shekarar 2012 a Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2020 |title=Women rights activist Yogita Bhayana stage demonstration outside |url=https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/women-rights-activist-yogita-bhayana-stage-demonstration-news-photo/1200296475 |publisher=gettyimages.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2020 |title=Lockdown heroes: Hitting the road with good intentions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/lockdown-heroes-hitting-the-road-with-good-intentions/articleshow/75617013.cms?from=mdr |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2020 |title=Yogita Bhayana Bio, Age, Family, Career and Profile |url=https://www.jaitv.com/people/yogita-bhayana/ |website=JaiTV |access-date=25 February 2025 |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628153753/https://www.jaitv.com/people/yogita-bhayana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukansa a matsayin mai fafutuka == Saboda annobar COVID-19 a Indiya, an tura mutane da yawa daga wurare da ke nesa da Delhi gida ba tare da magani ba daga Cibiyar Kimiyya ta All India, New Delhi. Bhayana ta ce, "Yawancin waɗannan marasa lafiya ba su da inda za su zauna ko rayuwa... Mun sami rukuni inda marasa lafiya na zuciya, marasa lafiya na ciwon daji, da sauransu da suka ji rauni a ƙone sun kasance a can. Da yawa daga cikinsu ba su ma iya tafiya ba. Suna da talauci kuma suna fama da nakasa ko matsaloli. "Ta shirya bas don kai su gida, kuma ta biya don jigilar su daga aljihu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2020 |title=Female social activist messiah for outstation patients stuck in Delhi amid lockdown |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/female-social-activist-messiah-for-outstation-patients-stuck-in-delhi-amid-lockdown20200522041837/ |publisher=aninews.in |access-date=25 February 2025 |archive-date=9 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609185841/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/female-social-activist-messiah-for-outstation-patients-stuck-in-delhi-amid-lockdown20200522041837/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rashin jituwa == === Sanarwar 'yan sanda ta Delhi === A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2021, 'Yan sanda na Delhi sun aika da sanarwa ga Bhayana a karkashin sashi na IPC 153, 153A. 505 (1) (b) don bayyana a gaban 'yan sanda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2021 |title=Delhi Police send notice to activist Yogita Bhayana over her tweets on Republic Day violence |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/feb/04/delhi-police-send-notice-to-activist-yogita-bhayana-over-her-tweets-on-republic-day-violence-2259236.html |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Da yake amsawa, Bhayana ta zargi 'yan sanda na Delhi da hana muryarta, kuma ta ce laifin da ta aikata shi ne cewa tana tallafawa manoma da ke zanga-zangar adawa da dokokin noma na tsakiya guda uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=दिल्ली पुलिस ने सोशल एक्टिविस्ट योगिता भयाना को गणतंत्र दिवस हिंसा पर 'फर्जी पोस्ट' के लिए भेजा नोटिस |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/story-delhi-police-notice-to-social-activist-yogita-bhayana-over-her-tweets-on-republic-day-violence-3831299.html |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=Hindustan |language=hindi}}</ref> === zanga-zanga a ofishin Bihar CM === A ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2022, Bhayana tare da mahaifin wanda aka yi wa fyade da kawunsa sun yi zanga-zanga a waje da Nitish Kumar, ofishin Babban Ministan Bihar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2022 |title=Delhi social worker, bereaved kin of minor rape victim, stage dharna outside Bihar CM's house |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/apr/02/delhi-social-worker-bereaved-kin-of-minor-rape-victim-stage-dharna-outside-bihar-cms-house-2437261.html |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-02 |title=Bihar : कौन हैं Yogita Bhayana जिसे CM आवास के सामने पुलिसवालों ने किया ज़लील, रेप पीड़िता को इंसाफ दिलाने 'सरकार' के दरवाजे पर पहुंची थी » Trending Bihar |url=https://trendingbihar.com/crime/bihar-me-cm-house-ke-saamen-yogita-bhayana-ke-saath-patna-police-ne-ki-badtamiji/ |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=Trending Bihar |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402145746/https://trendingbihar.com/crime/bihar-me-cm-house-ke-saamen-yogita-bhayana-ke-saath-patna-police-ne-ki-badtamiji/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wani jami'in 'yan sanda (SI Rank) ya yi mummunar hali tare da Bhayana yana mai cewa "Yanzu' 'Yan sanda na Bihar za su gaya, yadda ya kamata mata su rayu".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2022 |title=मैडम उंगली नीचे... चुप, बांका रेप मामले में न्याय मांगने पहुंची युवती को डपटते दिखे दारोगा |url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/bihar/bihar-police-misbehave-with-yogita-bhayana-in-patna-banka-rape-case-cm-nitish-kumar/2113055/ |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=India com News |title=Rape Victim's Father, Activist Held in Patna For 'Protesting' Outside Nitish Kumar's House |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/rape-victims-father-activist-held-in-patna-for-protesting-outside-nitish-kumars-house-5316803/ |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] pgcikh6sb6wfdfijorbqks4917ctgnu 0 96080 823978 673896 2026-04-22T06:58:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yvonne Musarurwa''' 'yar siyasa ce a Zimbabwe kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin siyasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moshenberg |first=Dan |title=Yvonne Musarurwa smiles, saying NO! to the tyrants of Zimbabwe |url=http://www.womeninandbeyond.org/?p=20747 |website=women in and beyond the global}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=NewsDay |first=The |title=Jubilation as MDC-T activist Musarurwa leaves prison |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/news/article/69054/jubilation-as-mdc-t-activist-musarurwa-leaves-prison |website=NewsDay}}</ref> Ita ce 'yar majalisar wakilai mai ma'ana <ref>{{Cite web |title=NATIONAL ASSEMBLY VOTES 29 OCTOBER 2020 NO 4 |url=https://parlzim.gov.zw/download/national-assembly-votes-29-october-2020-no-4/ |access-date=14 March 2025 |archive-date=16 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716113748/https://parlzim.gov.zw/download/national-assembly-votes-29-october-2020-no-4/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma ita ce shugabar matasa ta ƙasa a halin yanzu na kungiyar Movement for Democratic Change Alliance. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwonzora Makes Six Key MDC-T Appointments – Pindula News |url=https://news.pindula.co.zw/2021/02/06/mwonzora-makes-six-key-mdc-t-appointments/}}</ref> Ita ce kuma shugabar muhalli, yawon buɗe ido da kuma yanayi na majalisar dokokin Zimbabwe <ref>{{Cite web |title=Young Women In Politics - Yvonne Musarurwa's Journey &#124; Web Series |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdPE3US1WWU |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> == Tarihi da sana'a == An haifi Yvonne Musarurwa a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba 1986 a [[Harare]], Zimbabwe. Ta taso ne a unguwar Bubiriro da ke Harare inda ta fara harkar siyasa tun tana makarantar sakandare. A lokacin makarantar sakandare ta shahara a shekarar 2003 a lokacin da ta kaddamar da zanga-zanga mafi girma a makarantar sakandare ta Mufakose High 1 School wanda jam'iyyar MDC ta gudanar da zanga-zangar ''Final Push'', sannan ta shirya zanga-zangar adawa da shugaban makarantar David Paul Makanza wanda ya yi sanadin korar shi daga ma'aikatar ilimi mai zurfi da firamare. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zimbabwe |first=New |date=April 6, 2018 |title=Activist Yvonne Musarurwa's journey from prison to Tsvangirai's grave |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/activist-yvonne-musarurwas-journey-from-prison-to-tsvangirais-grave/}}</ref> A shekarar 2005 Musarurwa ta shiga jam’iyyar Movement for Democratic Change wadda [[Morgan Tsvangirai]] ya kafa aka naɗa ta Shugaban'r Matasa na Ward a mazaɓar Bubiriro. A shekara ta 2008 ta zama wakiliyar jam'iyyar ta maza da mata a gundumar Harare sannan a shekarar 2011 ta zama wakiliyar lardi sannan ta zama wakiliyar ƙasa kafin a kama ta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=#KnowYourMP- Meet MDC-T's Yvonne Musarurwa &#124; #KnowYourMP- Meet MDC-T's Yvonne Musarurwa &#124; By Open Parly ZW &#124; Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/openparlyzw/videos/knowyourmp-meet-mdc-ts-yvonne-musarurwa/430301657992784/ |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2011, an kama Yvonne Musarurwa da laifin kisan ɗan sandan Jamhuriyar Zimbabwe Petros Mutedzi a yayin wani gangamin MDC-T a Glen View, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chronicle |first=The |title=Six more cop murder suspects arrested |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/six-more-cop-murder-suspects-arrested/ |website=The Chronicle}}</ref> Harare a ranar 28 ga watan Mayu 2011 tare da wasu mambobin jam'iyyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glen View 29 Case: Judge's disquiet with police conduct |url=https://www.hrforumzim.org/glen-view-29-case-judges-disquiet-with-police-conduct/ |access-date=2025-03-14 |archive-date=2023-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607055808/https://www.hrforumzim.org/glen-view-29-case-judges-disquiet-with-police-conduct/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An sake ta a cikin shekarar 2014 a kan beli <ref>{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=The |title=MDC-T activist recounts remand prison experience |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/thestandard/news/article/218240/mdc-t-activist-recounts-remand-prison-experience |website=The Standard}}</ref> sannan a cikin watan Disamba 2016, an same ta da laifin kisan kai kuma an yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 20 a gidan yari tare da wasu mambobi biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Herald |first=The |title=MDC-T cop killers jailed 20yrs each |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/mdc-t-cop-killers-jailed-20yrs-each/ |website=The Herald |access-date=2025-03-14 |archive-date=2022-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128092238/https://www.herald.co.zw/mdc-t-cop-killers-jailed-20yrs-each/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An sake ta ne a watan Maris ɗin 2018 ƙarƙashin afuwar da shugaban ƙasar ya yi wa wasu fursunoni 3,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yvonne Musarurwa Thankful for Presidential Pardon |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/yonne-musarurwa-intilongo/4317654.html |via=www.voazimbabwe.com}}</ref> Bayan an sake ta, a cikin shekarar 2018 an naɗa ta Sakatariyar Tsarawa ta Ƙasa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thokozani Khupe Unveils Party Leadership – Pindula News |url=https://news.pindula.co.zw/2018/04/21/thokozani-khupe-unveils-party-leadership/}}</ref> don MDC-T wanda Thokozani Khupe ke jagoranta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Reporter |date=April 21, 2018 |title=Yvonne Musarurwa dumps Nelson Chamisa, says Khupe is the MDC-T's legitimate leader |url=https://www.reportfocusnews.com/2018/04/21/yvonne-musarurwa-dumps-nelson-chamisa-says-khupe-is-the-mdc-ts-legitimate-leader/ |access-date=March 14, 2025 |archive-date=March 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329202946/https://www.reportfocusnews.com/2018/04/21/yvonne-musarurwa-dumps-nelson-chamisa-says-khupe-is-the-mdc-ts-legitimate-leader/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=chekai |first=Lemuel |date=March 23, 2018 |title=Pardoned MDC-T Activist Rewarded With Parly Seat |url=https://www.263chat.com/pardoned-mdc-t-activist-rewarded-parly-seat/ |access-date=March 14, 2025 |archive-date=April 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413022757/https://www.263chat.com/pardoned-mdc-t-activist-rewarded-parly-seat/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lokacin da MDC-T ta rabu a cikin shekarar 2020, ta shiga cikin wanda Douglas Mwonzora ya jagoranta kuma aka naɗa shi shugabar harkokin matasa ta ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwonzora makes 6 key MDC-T appointments |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-199000.html |website=Bulawayo24 News}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2021 ta kama bisa zargin cin zarafin mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar Thokozani Khupe Kudzanai Mashumba sannan aka yanke hukuncin ba ta da laifi a cikin watan Yuni na wannan shekarar <ref>{{Cite web |last=Herald |first=The |title=MDC-T legislator in court for assault |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/mdc-t-legislator-in-court-for-assault/ |website=The Herald}}</ref> makonni huɗu bayan faruwar lamarin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwonzora MP arrested |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/19583/mwonzora-mp-arrested |website=NewsDay}}</ref> Ta fara wani shiri tare da Tungamirai Madzokere da Last Maengahama da ke ba da ra'ayin 'yancin fursunoni na yin zaɓe a gidajen yarin Zimbabwe, an shigar da ƙararsu a babbar kotu a shekarar 2022 bayan da buƙatarsu ta kasance a jiran aiki tun a shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Takawira |first=Kovedzayi |date=July 19, 2022 |title=Freed political prisoner in Zimbabwe wins office, fights for voting rights |url=https://orato.world/2022/07/19/zimbabwe-former-prisoner-fights-for-voting-rights/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=chibwe |first=ruthy |title=Zim Court Hears Prisoners Demand to Vote &#124; ZLHR |url=https://www.zlhr.org.zw/?p=2641}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] e2naxsot1d4ubr9dhz47nfxw3gzep31 0 98645 823769 668821 2026-04-21T16:16:20Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 823769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patience Pomary''' (an Haife ta a ranar 14 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1940) 'yar siyasar ƙasar Ghana ce kuma ƴar kasuwa. Ta kasance ‘yar majalisa mai wakiltar mazaɓar Hohoe ta Arewa a [[yankin Volta]] na [[Ghana]] kuma mace ɗaya tilo a majalisar wakilai daga yankin Volta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - List of 2013 - 2017 (6th Parliament) MPs |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463 |access-date=2021-02-13 |website=GhanaMps.}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-08-21 |title=Rawlings gifts former MP car - GOB NEWS % |url=https://gobnewsonline.com/2019/08/21/rawlings-gifts-former-mp-car/ |access-date=2021-02-17 |website=GOB NEWS |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Patience Pomary a ranar 14 ga watan Yuli, 1940. Ta halarci Seddoh Business Commercial College inda ta sami Diploma a Turanci, Shorthand da kuma Typing. == Sana'a == A cikin shekarar 1970s, Pomary ta koma Hohoe a matsayin ma'aikacinyar Hukumar Kasuwancin Cocoa Ghana. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Rawlings Dash Former Hohoe North MP A Car |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/951210/rawlings-dash-former-hohoe-north-mp-a.html |access-date=2021-02-17 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Pomary tsohuwar 'yar majalisa ce ta farko a jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Ghana daga watan Janairu 1993 zuwa watan Janairu 1997, 'yar kasuwa ce. == Siyasa == Pomary ta tsunduma cikin harkokin siyasa a lokacin juyin-juya hali a Ghana, kuma ta kasance wani ɓangare na majalisar wakilai da ta tsara [https://books.google.com/books?id=R3QNAQAAIAAJ&q=1992+constitution+of+ghana kundin tsarin mulkin Ghana na 1992.] Kazalika mamba a kungiyar mata ta 31 ga watan Disamba a Ghana. A shekarar 1991, a lokacin zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress, ta yi nasara a kan maza biyu masu adawa da su wakilci mazaɓar Hohoe ta Arewa. An fara zaɓen Pomary ne a lokacin zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokokin Ghana a shekarar 1992 kan tikitin jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress, Ta yi aiki na wa'adi ɗaya a majalisa. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2"/> Ta rasa kujerar ne a babban zaɓen ƙasar Ghana na shekarar 1996 a hannun [[Nathaniel Kwadzo Aduadjoe]] wanda ya lashe zaɓen jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress da kuri'u 39,008 wanda ya samu kashi 62.80% na kaso 62.80% bayan da ta doke Stanley Tsaku Harker na jam'iyyar People's National Convention (PNC) wanda ya samu kuri'u 4,264 na kashi 6;90. Anthony Akoto-Ampaw na jam'iyyar Convention People's Party (CPP) wanda ya samu kuri'u 3,740 wanda ke da kashi 6.00% na kaso 6.00 da Ray Kakrabah-Quarshie na New Patriotic Party (NPP) wanda ya samu kuri'u 2,752 wanda ya nuna kashi 4.40% na kason. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Ghana Election 1996 Results - Hohoe Constituency |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/volta/196/index.php |access-date=2021-02-13 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2024-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127042423/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/volta/196/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Ghana Election 1992 Results - Hohoe Constituency |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1992/volta/196/index.php |access-date=2021-02-13 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2023-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721053013/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1992/volta/196/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2019, tsohon shugaban ƙasar [[Jerry Rawlings|Jerry John Rawlings]] ya baiwa madam Pomary sabuwar mota, ta nuna godiyarta ga tsohon shugaban ƙasar bisa goyon bayan da ya nuna mata, inda ta bayyana cewa wannan karimcin ya cika ta. Tsohon shugaban ƙasar ya ce : << Jajircewar Madam Pomary da sadaukar da kai ga jama'arta abin yabawa ne kwarai da gaske kuma ta bayyana fatan mutanen da suka sadaukar da rayuwarsu don amfanin al'ummarsu da ƙasarsu za su gane da nasu domin karfafawa wasu >>. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-21 |title=Rawlings gives former NDC MP brand new vehicle |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/rawlings-gives-former-ndc-mp-brand-new-vehicle/bxkjtlw |access-date=2021-02-13 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ita [[Kiristanci|Kirista ce]]. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] 786s89icgmlqwbzjqrznxm0kuog2gn1 0 99344 823974 795267 2026-04-22T06:39:00Z Nura Bello 24854 823974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Michael Oladapo Afolarin''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Satumba) wanda aka fi sani da Mike Afolarin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, mai ɗaukar hoto kuma mai yin fim. == Rayuwa ta farko == Mike Afolarin ya halarci [[Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya Ta Legas|Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya, Ijanikin]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] don makarantar sakandare. Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da samun digiri na farko a fannin Tattalin Arziki daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] ta (UNILAG) a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Famuwagun |first=Olamide |date=2023-01-17 |title=How school strike drove me into acting – Mike Afolarin |url=https://punchng.com/how-school-strike-drove-me-into-acting-mike-afolarin/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A cikin 2013, Afolarin ya sami kwarewarsa ta farko tare da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, Magic Time a lokacin da yake [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] . Ba da daɗewa ba, Afolarin ya sami kulawa tare da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Ishaya, a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, Far From Home . <ref> name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Udodiong |first=Inemesit |date=2022-12-25 |title=Mike Afolarin, Gbubemi Ejeye & Bolanle Ninalowo talk Netflix's 'Far From Home' [Pulse Interview] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/mike-afolarin-gbubemi-ejeye-and-bolanle-ninalowo-talk-netflixs-far-from-home-pulse/db1j9c3 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Jerin kashi biyar ya ba da labarin halin Afolarin - Ishaya, wani matashi mai basira da kwarewa daga iyali matalauta wanda ke kan manufa don cika mafarkinsa na zama sanannen mai zane, har ma da kuɗin sabon abokantaka da ya samu da aminci na iyalinsa. Afolarin kuma yana da fitowar fim a wannan ranar ta (Disamba 16, 2022) tare da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Akinzo a [[Funke Akindele]] da [[Tobi Makinde]]'s Battle on Buka Street . An nuna Akinzo a matsayin mai ban dariya amma mai gaskiya kuma mai daraja jagoran matasa na al'ummar Otanwa. <ref> name=":5">{{Cite web |title='Battle on Buka Street' Takes Audiences on a Wild and Witty Ride |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/battle-on-buka-street-takes-audiences-on-a-wild-and-witty-ride/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> Fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya ya zama fim na biyu mafi girma a cikin ofishin akwatin, yayin da yake saita rikodin N135m a rana ɗaya, a cewar Vanguard.<ref> name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Battle on Buka Street |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt23635786/credits/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar, Afolarin ya fara yin fim dinsa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan haruffa a cikin [[Emamode Edosio]]" ''[[Kasala (fim)|Kasala]]'' tare da [[Chimezie Imo]], Tomiwa Tegbe da Emeka Nwagbaraocha . Afolarin ya fito a ''Jira''-finai kamar Far From Home, [[Soole|''Soólè'']], The Wait, [[Kasala (fim)|''Kasala'']], <nowiki><i id="mwUQ">Adire</i></nowiki>, House of Ga'a da Your Excellency . [1][2]''.<ref> name=":9">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2024-06-20 |title=Bolanle Austen-Peters' "House of Ga'a" Arrives on Netflix July 26th {{!}} See First Looks |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2024/06/house-of-gaa-netflix-july-26/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref><ref> name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Udodiong |first=Inemesit |date=2022-12-25 |title=Mike Afolarin, Gbubemi Ejeye & Bolanle Ninalowo talk Netflix's 'Far From Home' [Pulse Interview] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/mike-afolarin-gbubemi-ejeye-and-bolanle-ninalowo-talk-netflixs-far-from-home-pulse/db1j9c3 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref>'' Sauran ayyukan Afolarin sun hada da ''Asiri Ade'' wanda Adeoluwa Owu ya jagoranta, da ''Red Circle'', wanda Akay Mason ya jagorantar wanda Rixel Studios ya fitar, wanda ya sanar da kammala fim din tare da saƙo mai zurfi ga simintinsu da ma'aikatan su.<ref> name=":9">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2024-06-20 |title=Bolanle Austen-Peters' "House of Ga'a" Arrives on Netflix July 26th {{!}} See First Looks |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2024/06/house-of-gaa-netflix-july-26/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref><ref> name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Oloruntoyin |first=Faith |date=2024-02-13 |title=See more photos from Adeoluwa Owu's upcoming movie 'Asiri Ade' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/see-more-photos-from-adeoluwa-owus-upcoming-movie-asiri-ade/qm3p54f |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Title !Role !Notes/Ref |- |2017 |''[[Ajuwaya]]'' |Set Design |Directed by '''Tolu Lord Tanner''' |- | rowspan="6" |2018 |''Oyo State Investment Documentary'' |Aerial Cinematographer |Directed by Tolu 'Lord Tanner' |- |''We Tha Boyz'' | |Directed by [[Emamode Edosio|Ema Edosio]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=We Tha Boyz |url=https://amcxtra.vhx.tv/videos/we-tha-boyz |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=African Movie Channel Xtra |language=en}}</ref> |- |[[Kasala (fim)|''Kasala!'']] |Chikodi |Directed by Ema Edosio<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lawal |first=Babatunde |date=2022-09-16 |title=Movie recommendation for the week: Ema Edosio's Kasala (2018) |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/movie-recommendation-for-the-week-ema-edosios-kasala-2018/lrk6k71 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet The Nigerian New Wave Director Behind the Film 'Kasala!' - Okayplayer |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/ema-edosio-nigerian-new-wave-movie-director-kasala/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Ajoche'' |Young Odumu |Directed by James Omokwe |- |''The Accused'' | |Directed by Muyiwa Aluko |- |''An Interview Story'' |Francis |Directed by Mike Afolarin |- | rowspan="7" |2019 |''Fortunately Ridiculous'' |Nnamdi |Directed by Olutobi Odunubi |- |[[Your Excellency (fim)|''Your Excellency'']] |Tunde Ajadi |Directed by [[Funke Akindele]]<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Ihejirika |first=Uzoma |date=2023-03-10 |title=AV Club: 'Your Excellency' Encapsulates the Power of Media in the Political Arena |url=https://thenativemag.com/av-club-your-excellency-media/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=The NATIVE |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Report |date=December 15, 2019 |title=Movie Review: 'Your Excellency' is a bunch of Instagram skits, not a movie |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/368264-movie-review-your-excellency-is-a-bunch-of-instagram-skits-not-a-movie.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> |- |''Brethren'' |Kinto |Directed by Lanre Olupona<ref>{{Cite web |title=MultiChoice Studios - Brethren |url=https://www.multichoicestudios.com/show/brethren |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.multichoicestudios.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Peace'' | |Directed by Mike Afolarin |- |''Stuck In Deep Mud'' |Tamuno |Directed by Charles Obi Emere |- |''Blast'' |Cameo |Directed by Tosin Ibitoye |- |''The 3rd Rule'' | |Directed by God'spower Okoh |- | rowspan="3" |2020 |''Inspector K'' |Idris |Directed by Abiola Sobo |- |''AARGH!'' |Femi |Directed by Kelvinmary Ndukwe |- |''Penance'' |Benjamin |Directed by [[Biodun Stephen]] |- | rowspan="3" |2021 |''The Olive (TV series)'' |David |Other casts are [[Theresa Edem]], [[Joke Silva]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adedayo |first=Adedamola |date=2023-06-01 |title="The Olive" Season 1 Review: How Accelerate TV Warmed Its Way Into Hearts{{!}} The Culture Custodian |url=https://culturecustodian.com/the-olive-season-1-review-how-accelerate-tv-warmed-its-way-into-hearts/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2023-05-16 |title=The Cast of Accelerate TV's "The Olive" talk about Season 2 & Why It's a Must-Watch |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2023/05/interview-the-cast-the-olive-2/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=EM |date=2023-04-09 |title=The Olive Season 2 Premiere Starring Derby Frankson • Exquisite Magazine - Fashion, Beauty And Lifestyle |url=https://exquisitemag.com/more-on-em/editorials/the-olive-season-2-premiere-starring-derby-frankson/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=exquisitemag.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912095931/https://exquisitemag.com/more-on-em/editorials/the-olive-season-2-premiere-starring-derby-frankson/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[The Wait (2021 fim)|''The Wait'']] |Essien |Directed by Fiyin Gambo, Yemi Morafa<ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2023-01-20 |title="The Wait" Reaches No. 1 Spot on Netflix Nigeria {{!}} 7 Reasons Why You Should Watch! |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2023/01/the-wait-no-1-film-netflix-nigeria/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shola-Adido |first=Oladotun |date=January 21, 2023 |title=MOVIE REVIEW: The Wait: Emotional love letter to Nigerian women |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/577046-movie-review-the-wait-emotional-love-letter-to-nigerian-women.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> |- |''[[Soole]]'' |Maxwell |Directed by [[Kayode Kasum]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Stephen |first=Onu |date=January 22, 2022 |title=Movie Review: 'Soole' is an ambitious roller coaster movie that is easily forgotten |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/507077-movie-review-soole-is-an-ambitious-roller-coaster-movie-that-is-easily-forgotten.html |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |title=Kayode Kasum On Soole And Escaping Death While Shooting |url=https://www.innollywood.com/p/kayode-kasum-soole |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.innollywood.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2022 |[[Battle on Buka Street|''Battle on Buka Street'']] |Akinzo |Directed by [[Funke Akindele]]<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title='Battle on Buka Street' Takes Audiences on a Wild and Witty Ride |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/battle-on-buka-street-takes-audiences-on-a-wild-and-witty-ride/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shola-Adido |first=Oladotun |date=December 24, 2022 |title=MOVIE REVIEW: 'Battle on Buka Street' is perfect film to wrap up 2022 |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/572061-movie-review-battle-on-buka-street-is-perfect-film-to-wrap-up-2022.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Battle on Buka Street |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt23635786/credits/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Box Office Mojo}}</ref> |- |[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|''Far From Home'']] |Ishaya Bello |Netflix series directed by Catherine Stewart and Kayode Kasum<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Udodiong |first=Inemesit |date=2022-12-25 |title=Mike Afolarin, Gbubemi Ejeye & Bolanle Ninalowo talk Netflix's 'Far From Home' [Pulse Interview] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/mike-afolarin-gbubemi-ejeye-and-bolanle-ninalowo-talk-netflixs-far-from-home-pulse/db1j9c3 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2022-12-14 |title=BN Red Carpet Fab: Netflix's "Far From Home" World Premiere |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/12/netflix-premiere-far-from-home-lagos/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |''Miss Bamidele's Girls'' |Ezekiel |Directed by [[Desmond Elliot]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Bamidele's Girls (2022) |url=https://www.avclub.com/film/reviews/miss-bamidele-s-girls-2022 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=The A.V. Club |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Miss Bamidele's Girls Streaming Online {{!}} Showmax |url=https://www.showmax.com/mr/stream/movies/miss-bamideles-girls/b31232fa-50c5-32a1-8da6-0941a4b140a1 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=@showmax |language=en-MR}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2023 |<nowiki><i id="mwAVs">Adire</i></nowiki> |Deji |Directed by Adeoluwa Owu<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shola-Adido |first=Oladotun |date=January 28, 2024 |title=MOVIE REVIEW: Adire: Solid tale of redemption marred by predictable storyline |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/663014-movie-review-adire-solid-tale-of-redemption-marred-by-predictable-storyline.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Adire" Is An Empowering Tale of Transformation and Friendship |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/adire-is-an-empowering-tale-of-transformation-and-friendship/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Nollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Anchor'' |Gideon |Directed by Ozioma B. Nwughala |- | rowspan="6" |2024 |''Ajosepo'' |Dapo |Directed by [[Kayode Kasum]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-08 |title='Ajosepo:' Chaos Unfolds at Mike Afolarin and Tomike Adeoye's Wedding in Kayode Kasum's Gripping Drama - Nollywire |url=https://nollywire.com/ajosepo-mike-afolarin-tomike-adeoye-kayode-kasum/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Water and Garri'' |Mide |Directed by [[Meji Alabi]], other casts include [[Tiwa Savage]], [[Jemima Osunde]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2024-05-27 |title=Jemima Osunde, Mike Afolarin & Vannessa Amadi-Ogbonna Have This To Say About Tiwa Savage's Film "Water & Garri" |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2024/05/behind-the-scenes-of-water-and-garri/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Onu |first=Stephen |date=2024-05-12 |title=MOVIE REVIEW: Tiwa Savage's Water & Garri movie lacks 'sugar' |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/693561-movie-review-tiwa-savages-water-garri-movie-lacks-sugar.html |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> |- |[[House of Ga'a|''House of Ga'a'']] |Oyemekun |Directed by [[Bolanle Austen-Peters]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=David |first=Obed |date=2024-07-01 |title='House of Ga'a', Beverly Hills Cop: Axel F, other Netflix titles this July |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/708676-house-of-gaa-beverly-hills-cop-axel-f-other-netflix-titles-this-july.html |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2024-06-20 |title=Bolanle Austen-Peters' "House of Ga'a" Arrives on Netflix July 26th {{!}} See First Looks |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2024/06/house-of-gaa-netflix-july-26/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Udodiong |first=Inemesit |date=2023-05-29 |title=Bolanle Austin-Peters teases her new film 'House of Ga'a' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/bolanle-austin-peters-teases-her-new-film-house-of-gaa/txfxc11 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Boy Trouble'' |Henry |Directed by Taiwo Shittu |- |''Bottom Line'' |Steve |Directed by Bryan Adekunle |- |''Asiri Ade'' | |Directed by Adeoluwa Owu <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Oloruntoyin |first=Faith |date=2024-02-13 |title=See more photos from Adeoluwa Owu's upcoming movie 'Asiri Ade' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/see-more-photos-from-adeoluwa-owus-upcoming-movie-asiri-ade/qm3p54f |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> TBD |- |2025 |''A Lagos Love Story'' |King Kator |Directed by Naz Onuzo<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-02 |title=A Lagos Love Story - Nollywire |url=https://nollywire.com/titles/a-lagos-love-story/ |access-date=2025-04-28 |language=en-GB}}</ref> |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+Nominations !'''Shekara''' !'''Abin da ya faru''' !'''Kyautar''' !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !Tabbacin. |- |2018 |[[2018 Best of Nollywood Awards|2018 Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Ru'ya ta Shekara - namiji |Mike Afolarin|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2018-11-08 |title=Ramsey Nouah, Mercy Aigbe, Ifu Ennada, "10 Days In Sun City"... Here's the Full Nominee List for the 2018 Best of Nollywood (BON) Awards |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/11/ramsey-nouah-mercy-aigbe-ifu-ennada-10-days-in-sun-city-heres-the-full-nominee-list-for-the-2018-best-of-nollywood-bon-awards/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bada |first=Gbenga |date=2018-12-09 |title=BON Awards 2018: Mercy Aigbe, Tana Adelana shine at 10th edition |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/bon-awards-2018-mercy-aigbe-tana-adelana-shine-at-10th-edition/v9fvvnn |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> |- |2020 |[[2020 Best of Nollywood Awards|2020 Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Ru'ya ta Shekara - namiji |Mike Afolarin|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jayne |first=Augoye |date=December 2, 2020 |title=2020 BON: Here are 5 nominees for 'Best Kiss' category |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/429108-2020-bon-here-are-5-nominees-for-best-kiss-category.html |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-15 |title=BON Awards Unveils 2020 Nominee List – Independent Newspaper Nigeria |url=https://independent.ng/bon-awards-unveils-2020-nominee-list/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |2022 |2022 Kyautar nan gaba ta Afirka |Yin wasan kwaikwayo ||{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2023-09-25 |title=From Hilda Baci to Asake, Here Are This Year's The Future Awards Africa Nominees |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2023/09/17th-the-future-awards-africa-nominees/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mutanen Yoruba * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Yarbawa]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9zakaahn5ygzv96uhyuh9wqjzzicmw4 0 100863 823756 788870 2026-04-21T16:12:37Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 823756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bacoachi''' wani ƙaramin [[gari]] ne a cikin Garin [[Bacoachi]] a arewacin jihar Sonora ta [[Mexico]] . Yankin ƙaramar hukumar yana da murabba'in kilomita 487 (1,².65 km2) kuma yawan jama'a (ƙauyuka da birane) ya kai kimanin 1,456 a shekara ta 2005, tare da mazauna 924 da ke zaune a cikin kujerar ƙaramar hukuma. <ref>name=http://www.inegi.gob.mx/inegi/default.aspx]&nbsp{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }};</ref>Tsawon wurin zama na gari yana da ƙafa 4,429 (mita 1,350) sama da matakin teku. Bacoachi tana [[kudu]] maso gabashin Kan'ana kuma tana da iyakoki a [[arewa]] tare da [[Naco]], a [[gabas]] tare da Fronteras, a [[kudu]] maso [[gabas]] tare le [[Nacozari]], a [[kudu]] ta yamma tare da Arizpe kuma a [[gabas]] da Kan'ana. Dubi taswira a <ref>name https://web.archive.org/web/20081201232501/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/wb2/ELOCAL/EMM_sonora] ko [http://www.maps-of-mexico.com/sonora-state-mexico/sonora-state-mexico-map-c1.shtml</ref> Yankin ya kuma kasance asalin mazaunin Indiyawa na Opata Teguima, waɗanda suka kira mazauninsu "Cuchibaciachi". An kafa wata manufa ta Jesuit mai suna '''San Miguel Bacoachi''' a nan a cikin shekara ta 1648. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eckhart |first=George B. |date=1960 |title=A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40167019 |journal=Arizona and the West |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–183 |issn=0004-1408 |access-date=30 April 2024}}</ref> A shekara ta 1649, Kaftin [[Simón Lazo de la Vega]] ya kafa wani gari na Mutanen Espanya a wannan wuri. Sunan yana nufin "macijin ruwa" a cikin yaren asali. A shekara ta 1784, an kafa wani shugabancin Mutanen Espanya a wurin, wanda Opatas ke aiki gaba ɗaya. Yawancin ƙasar suna da tsaunuka kuma suna cikin Sierra de Sonora . Har yanzu akwai gandun daji na Pine da wadataccen nau'in dabbobi, gami da coyotes, jaguars, deer, raccoons, aladu na daji, skunks, da owls, da sauransu. Yawan jama'a yana raguwa saboda shige da fice zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Akwai hanyoyi kaɗan amma karamar hukumar ta haɗa da babban birnin, Hermosillo, ta hanyar babbar hanyar Hermosillo-Cananea. Aikin noma da kiwon shanu sune manyan ayyukan tattalin arziki. Yawancin aikin gona yana da hannu a shuka ciyawa ga shanu, wanda ya kai sama da 25,000 a cikin 2000. == Yanayi == {{Weather box}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.inegi.gob.mx/inegi/default.aspx/ INEGI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818215604/http://www.inegi.gob.mx/inegi/default.aspx |date=2010-08-18 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081201232501/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/wb2/ELOCAL/EMM_sonora Enciclopedia de los Municipios de Mexico] == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225447/http://bacoachi.sonora.gob.mx/ Bacoachi, Majalisa ta dijital] (Gidan yanar gizon hukuma na Bacoachi), Sonora'' (Gidan yanar gizon hukuma na Bacoachi, Sonora) '' <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|30.6333|N|109.967|W|source:kolossus-eowiki}} iv02d5r6kdw40jop1hvlpd0ai36344y 823758 823756 2026-04-21T16:12:56Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 823758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bacoachi''' wani ƙaramin [[gari]] ne a cikin Garin [[Bacoachi]] a arewacin jihar Sonora ta [[Mexico]] . Yankin ƙaramar hukumar yana da murabba'in kilomita 487 (1,².65 km2) kuma yawan jama'a (ƙauyuka da birane) ya kai kimanin 1,456 a shekara ta 2005, tare da mazauna 924 da ke zaune a cikin kujerar ƙaramar hukuma. <ref>name=http://www.inegi.gob.mx/inegi/default.aspx]&nbsp{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }};</ref>Tsawon wurin zama na gari yana da ƙafa 4,429 (mita 1,350) sama da matakin teku. Bacoachi tana [[kudu]] maso gabashin Kan'ana kuma tana da iyakoki a [[arewa]] tare da [[Naco]], a [[gabas]] tare da Fronteras, a [[kudu]] maso [[gabas]] tare le [[Nacozari]], a [[kudu]] ta yamma tare da Arizpe kuma a [[gabas]] da Kan'ana. Dubi taswira a <ref>name https://web.archive.org/web/20081201232501/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/wb2/ELOCAL/EMM_sonora] ko [http://www.maps-of-mexico.com/sonora-state-mexico/sonora-state-mexico-map-c1.shtml</ref> Yankin ya kuma kasance asalin mazaunin Indiyawa na Opata Teguima, waɗanda suka kira mazauninsu "Cuchibaciachi". An kafa wata manufa ta Jesuit mai suna '''San Miguel Bacoachi''' a nan a cikin shekara ta 1648. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eckhart |first=George B. |date=1960 |title=A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40167019 |journal=Arizona and the West |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–183 |issn=0004-1408 |access-date=30 April 2024}}</ref> A shekara ta 1649, Kaftin [[Simón Lazo de la Vega]] ya kafa wani gari na Mutanen Espanya a wannan wuri. Sunan yana nufin "macijin ruwa" a cikin yaren asali. A shekara ta 1784, an kafa wani shugabancin Mutanen Espanya a wurin, wanda Opatas ke aiki gaba ɗaya. Yawancin ƙasar suna da tsaunuka kuma suna cikin Sierra de Sonora . Har yanzu akwai gandun daji na Pine da wadataccen nau'in dabbobi, gami da coyotes, jaguars, deer, raccoons, aladu na daji, skunks, da owls, da sauransu. Yawan jama'a yana raguwa saboda shige da fice zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Akwai hanyoyi kaɗan amma karamar hukumar ta haɗa da babban birnin, Hermosillo, ta hanyar babbar hanyar Hermosillo-Cananea. Aikin noma da kiwon shanu sune manyan ayyukan tattalin arziki. Yawancin aikin gona yana da hannu a shuka ciyawa ga shanu, wanda ya kai sama da 25,000 a cikin shekara ta 2000. == Yanayi == {{Weather box}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.inegi.gob.mx/inegi/default.aspx/ INEGI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818215604/http://www.inegi.gob.mx/inegi/default.aspx |date=2010-08-18 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081201232501/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/wb2/ELOCAL/EMM_sonora Enciclopedia de los Municipios de Mexico] == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225447/http://bacoachi.sonora.gob.mx/ Bacoachi, Majalisa ta dijital] (Gidan yanar gizon hukuma na Bacoachi), Sonora'' (Gidan yanar gizon hukuma na Bacoachi, Sonora) '' <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|30.6333|N|109.967|W|source:kolossus-eowiki}} dg8yy16qjqoxc7bamewyc51uk7fs43x 0 102845 823899 644103 2026-04-22T01:17:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yarjejeniyar Gold Coast ta Anglo-Dutch ta 1867''' ta sake rarraba garu tare da Holland da [[Gold Coast (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|na Burtaniya na Zinare]] don tattara wuraren tasirin bangarorin. [[Hadaddiyar Masarautar Burtaniya Mai Girma da Ireland|Biritaniya]] ta karɓe dukkan garukan da ke gabas na [[Gidan Elmina Castle|Fort Elmina]], kuma [[Holand|Netherlands]] ta karɓe dukkan garu a yamma. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Kaart_der_grensscheiding_van_de_Nederlandsche_en_Engelsche_Bezittingen_op_de_Westkust_van_Afrika_opgenomen_op_last_der_Gouverneurs_dier_Bezittingen.jpg|thumb| Cikakkun taswirar kan iyaka tsakanin mallakar Dutch da Birtaniyya .]] Ganin cewa katangar Holland da ke gaɓar tekun Zinariya ta kasance ruwan bayan mulkin mallaka a ƙarni na 19, a hankali an bunƙasa sansanonin Birtaniyya zuwa cikakken mulkin mallaka, musamman bayan Birtaniyya ta karɓe yankin Danish Gold Coast a shekarar 1850.<ref name="FCOtrade" /> Kasancewar katangar mutanen Holland a yankin da Burtaniya ta kara rinjayar ana ganin ba a so, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1850 Birtaniyya ta fara matsa lamba kan ko dai siyan katangar Holland, ko kuma cinikin garu don samar da karin ɓangarorin tasiri.<ref name="FCOtrade">Foreign & Commonwealth Office - [http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/treaties/treaties-landing/records/08400/08421 Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands for an Interchange of Territory on the Gold Coast of Africa]</ref> A cikin yanayin siyasar Holland na lokacin, sayen ba zai yiwu ba, don haka an yi shawarwarin ciniki na garu. A shekara ta 1867, an rattaba hannu kan "Yarjejeniyar Tsakanin Burtaniya da Netherlands don yin musaya a gaɓar tekun Zinariya ta Afirka", inda aka miƙa dukkan garukan ƙasar Holland da ke gabashin Elmina ga Biritaniya, yayin da aka miƙa gagarumar Birtaniyya a yammacin Elmina ga Netherlands.<ref name="FCOtrade"/> Kasuwancin ya zama bala'i ga mutanen Holland, saboda haɗin gwiwar da suka daɗe da [[Mutanen Ashanti|Ashanti]] bai samu karɓuwa sosai daga jama'ar da ke kewayen sabbin sansanonin da aka ba su ba. Al'ummar [[Sansanin Komenda|Komenda na Burtaniya]] sun ki ɗaga tutar ƙasar Holland inda daga ƙarshe suka yi garkuwa da jami'an sojojin ruwan ƙasar Holland waɗanda suka yi kokarin tilasta musu hannu.<ref name="FCOtrade"/> Holland sun amsa ta hanyar aika balaguron azabtarwa zuwa Komenda a cikin shekarar 1869-70. A halin yanzu, ƙungiyar [[Ƙungiyar Fante|Fante Confederacy]] ta kewaye Elmina. {{Sfn|Van der Ham|2013}} A cikin wannan mahallin, ministan mulkin mallaka na Holland a asirce ya fara tattaunawa game da miƙa dukkan garu na Dutch ga Birtaniya. Tare da yarjejeniyar Gold Coast na shekarar 1871, an ba da mulkin mallaka ga United Kingdom da guilders 46,939.62 . {{Sfn|Adhin|1961}} == Haraji == Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilai na cinikin garu shi ne kasancewar yanki mai tasiri zai ba da damar tattara harajin kwastam a gaɓar tekun Gold Coast. Ƙasar Ingila da Netherlands sun ba da kansu, bisa ga [[wikisource:Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands for an Interchange of Territory on the Gold Coast of Africa#Art._2.|labarin 2 na yarjejeniyar]], ga jadawalin kuɗin fito a kan Gold Coast: {| class="wikitable" ! ! colspan="2" | A kan mallakar Netherlands ! colspan="2" | Akan mallakar Birtaniya |- | Ale, giya, giya, da duk ruhohi ko barasa na ruhi | kowace lita | centi takwas | galan tsohon giya | dinari shida |- | Sigari, snuff ko taba ta kowace irin siffa | kowace kilogiram | centi goma | kowace fam | dinari daya |- | Gunfoda | kowace kilogiram | centi goma | kowace fam | dinari daya |- | Wuta makamai na kowane kwatance | kowanne | centi sittin | kowanne | shilling daya |- | Akan kowane kaya na kowane nau'in | colspan="4" | Haraji na ad valorem na kashi uku akan farashin daftari |} == Masu sa hannu == Na Netherlands: * {{Interlanguage link|Arnold Adolf Bentinck van Nijenhuis|nl}}, Dutch envoy in London; * Cornelis Nagtglas, ex-governor of the Dutch Gold Coast. Ga na Burtaniya: * Henry Herbert, 4th Earl na Carnarvon, Sakataren Gwamnati na Mallaka; * Edward Stanley, 15th Earl na Derby, Sakataren Harkokin Waje. == An sayar da sansanoni == === Daga Netherlands zuwa Ingila === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Lokaci a Ghana ! Sabon sunan Burtaniya ! Sunan Dutch |- | [[Moree, Ghana|Moree]] | [[Sansanin Nassau, Ghana|Fort Nassau]] | Fort Nassau |- | [[Accra]] | [[Sansanin Ussher|Fort Ussher]] | Fort Crêvecoeur |- | [[Sansanin Amsterdam, Ghana|Kormantin]] | [[Sansanin Amsterdam, Ghana|Fort Cormantine]] | Fort Amsterdam |- | [[Senya Beraku]] | [[Sansanin Goede Hoop, Ghana|Fort Good Hope]] | Fort Goede Hoop |- | [[Apam]] | [[Sansanin Patience|Fort Patience]] | Fort Lijdzaamheid |} === Daga Burtaniya zuwa Netherlands === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Lokaci a Ghana ! Sabon sunan Dutch ! Sunan Burtaniya |- | [[Beyin]] | [[Sansanin Apollonia|Fort Willem III]] | Fort Apollonia |- | [[Dixcove]] | [[Sansanin Metal Cross|Fort Metalen Kruis]] | Fort Dixcove |- | Komenda | [[Sansanin Komenda|Fort Komenda]] | Fort Komenda |- | Sekondi | [[Sansanin Sekondi|Fort Sekondi]] | Fort Sekondi |} == Duba kuma == * Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Dutch ta 1814 * Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Dutch ta 1824 * Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Dutch na 1870-71 * Dangantakar Netherlands da Ingila == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Bayanan kula == * {{cite journal|last=Adhin|first=J. H.|year=1961|title=De immigratie van Hindostanen en de afstand van de Goudkust|journal=Nieuwe West-Indische Gids|volume=41|issue=1|pages=4–13|url=http://www.kitlv-journals.nl/index.php/nwig/article/viewFile/5188/5955|doi=10.1163/22134360-90002334|doi-access=free|access-date=2025-06-21|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305082759/http://www.kitlv-journals.nl/index.php/nwig/article/viewFile/5188/5955|url-status=dead}} * {{cite book | last=Coombs | first=Douglas | title=The Gold Coast, Britain, and the Netherlands, 1850–1874 | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1963 | location=Oxford }} * {{cite book | last=Van der Ham | first=Gijs | title=Dof Goud. Nederland en Ghana, 1593–1872 | year=2013 | publisher=Rijksmuseum Amsterdam & Uitgeverij Vanthilt | location= Amsterdam & Nijmegen | isbn = 978-94-6004-157-0 }} * {{cite journal | last = Van Dantzig | first = Albert | title = Le traité d'échange de territoires sur la Côte de l'Or entre la Grande-Bretagne et les Pays-Bas en 1867 | journal = Cahiers d'études africaines | volume = 4 | issue = 13 | pages = 69–96 | publisher = Éditions de l’EHESS | location = Paris | date = 1963 | doi = 10.3406/cea.1963.3006 }} m3wlv479ex8w7ak0bwkwwdoos20um5v 0 104243 823981 746450 2026-04-22T07:35:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An gudanar da '''Zaben [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] na 2019 a [[Jahar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]]''' a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2019, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Tarava. [[Emmanuel Bwacha]] wanda ke wakiltar Taraba ta Kudu da [[Shuaibu Isa Lau]] wanda ke wakilcin Taraba ta Arewa sun ci nasara a dandalin [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya ta Jama'a]], yayin da [[Yusuf Abubakar Yusuf]] wanda ke wakilci Taraba ta Tsakiya ya ci nasara a kan dandalin All Progressives Congress . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-07 |title=BREAKING: Tribunal upholds Bwacha's election for Taraba South Senatorial district |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/breaking-tribunal-upholds-bwachas-election-for-taraba-south-senatorial-district/ |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=thenationonlineng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-08 |title=Tribunal dismisses petitions against four N/Assembly seats in Taraba |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/tribunal-dismisses-petitions-against-four-n-assembly-seats-in-taraba/ |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=thenationonlineng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-27 |title=Senatorial poll: Akpabio, Akume, Uduaghan lose |url=https://punchng.com/senatorial-poll-akpabio-akume-uduaghan-lose/ |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="vertical-align:bottom;" ! rowspan="3" |Kasancewa ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! rowspan="3" |Jimillar |- | style="background-color:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}}" | | style="background-color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | |- ![[All Progressives Congress|APC]] ![[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- !Kafin Zabe |1 |2 !3 |- !Bayan Zabe |1 |2 !3 |- |} == Takaitaccen Bayani == {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:95%;line-height:14px;" ! class="unsortable" |Gundumar ! class="unsortable" |Mai mulki ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! class="unsortable" |Sanata da aka zaba ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar |- |Taraba ta Kudu |[[Emmanuel Bwacha]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |[[Emmanuel Bwacha]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Taraba ta Arewa |[[Shuaibu Isa Lau]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |[[Shuaibu Isa Lau]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Taraba ta Tsakiya |[[Yusuf Abubakar Yusuf]] | style="background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};" | |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]] |[[Yusuf Abubakar Yusuf]] | style="background:{{party color|All Progressives Congress}};" | |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]] |} === Taraba ta Kudu === Jimillar 'yan takara 16 sun yi rajista tare da [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta]] don yin takara a zaben. Dan takarar PDP Emmanuel Bwacha ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke APC Bauka Ishaya Gamgum da wasu 'yan takarar jam'iyya 14.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-03 |title=Taraba PDP members want Bwacha replaced as Senate Deputy Minority Leader |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/02/taraba-pdp-members-want-bwacha-replaced-as-senate-deputy-minority-leader/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=Vanguard News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Odunsi |first=Wale |date=2019-02-25 |title=Nigeria elections: PDP's Bwacha wins Taraba South Senatorial poll |url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/02/25/nigeria-elections-pdps-bwacha-wins-taraba-south-senatorial-poll/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=Daily Post Nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ShineYourEye |url=https://www.shineyoureye.org/person/emmanuel-bwacha |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=www.shineyoureye.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sen. Bwacha of PDP wins Taraba South Senatorial poll |url=https://dailytrust.com/sen-bwacha-of-pdp-wins-taraba-south-senatorial-poll |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=Daily Trust |archive-date=2021-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830113918/https://dailytrust.com/sen-bwacha-of-pdp-wins-taraba-south-senatorial-poll |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Umoren |first=Brendan |date=2019-02-26 |title=Emmanuel Bwacha returns to senate for the third time |url=https://www.today.ng/news/politics/emmanuel-bwacha-returns-senate-third-time-198283 |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-25 |title=NigeriaDecides2019 {{!}} Sen. Bwacha of PDP wins Taraba South Senatorial poll |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/nigeriadecides2019-sen-bwacha-of-pdp-wins-taraba-south-senatorial-poll/ |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=Tribune Online}}</ref>{{Election box begin no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|candidate=[[Emmanuel Bwacha]]|votes=96,352|percentage=}} {{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=All Progressives Congress|candidate=Bauka Ishaya Gamgum|votes=51,921|percentage=}} {{Election box candidate no change|party=Others|candidate=|votes=77,777|percentage=}} {{Election box total no change}} {{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}} {{End}} === Taraba ta Arewa === Jimillar 'yan takara 19 ne suka yi rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta don yin takara a zaben. Dan takarar PDP Shuaibu Isa Lau ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke APC Yusuf Ahmed Adamu da wasu 'yan takarar jam'iyya 17.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ShineYourEye |url=https://www.shineyoureye.org/person/shuaibu-lau |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=www.shineyoureye.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=INEC Declares Senator Shuaibu Winner Of Taraba Senatorial Race |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/02/28/inec-declares-senator-shuaibu-winner-of-taraba-senatorial-race/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=Channels Television}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayatu |first=Hussaini |date=2021-06-28 |title=Bwacha: Outstanding lawmaker and Taraba gov in the making |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/bwacha-outstanding-lawmaker-and-taraba-gov-in-the-making/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited}}</ref> === Taraba ta Tsakiya === Jimillar 'yan takara 11 da suka yi rajista tare da [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta]] don yin takara a zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APC Wins Taraba Central Senate Seat |url=https://independent.ng/apc-wins-taraba-central-senate-seat/ |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-28 |title=APC wins Taraba Central Senate seat |url=https://www.thexpressng.com/2019/02/28/apc-wins-taraba-central-senate-seat/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830120516/https://www.thexpressng.com/2019/02/28/apc-wins-taraba-central-senate-seat/ |archive-date=August 30, 2021 |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=The Nigerian Xpress}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Newspapers |first=The Punch |date=2019-02-28 |title=INEC declares APC winner of Taraba Central Senate seat |url=https://headtopics.com/ng/inec-declares-apc-winner-of-taraba-central-senate-seat-4473595 |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=Head Topics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-28 |title=APC Clinches Taraba Central Senate Seat |url=https://concise.ng/apc-clinches-taraba-central-senate-seat/ |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=Concise News |archive-date=2021-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830122021/https://concise.ng/apc-clinches-taraba-central-senate-seat/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=voice |first=Odua |title=Breaking: APC wins Taraba central Senate seat. |url=https://www.oduavoice.com/2019/02/28/breaking-apc-wins-taraba-central-senate-seat/ |access-date=2021-08-30 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dan takarar APC Yusuf Abubakar Yusuf ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke PDP Dahiru Bako Gassol da wasu 'yan takarar jam'iyya 9. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ShineYourEye |url=https://www.shineyoureye.org/person/yusuf-abubakar-yusuf |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=www.shineyoureye.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-28 |title=INEC declares APC winner of Taraba Central Senate seat |url=https://punchng.com/inec-declares-apc-winner-of-taraba-central-senate-seat/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-28 |title=APC wins Taraba Central Senate seat |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/apc-wins-taraba-central-senate-seat/3gz4pn5 |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=Pulse Nigeria |archive-date=2021-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830120516/https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/apc-wins-taraba-central-senate-seat/3gz4pn5 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-28 |title=APC wins Taraba Central senatorial seat |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/apc-wins-taraba-central-senatorial-seat/ |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=The Sun Nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=APC retains Taraba Central senatorial seat |url=https://dailytrust.com/apc-retains-taraba-central-senatorial-seat |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=Daily Trust}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adegun |first=Aanu |date=2019-02-28 |title=Breaking: APC wins Taraba Central Senate seat |url=https://www.legit.ng/1224793-breaking-apc-wins-taraba-central-senate-seat.html |access-date=2021-08-30 |website=Legit.ng |archive-date=2021-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830120517/https://www.legit.ng/1224793-breaking-apc-wins-taraba-central-senate-seat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} pc8ggyr612uuw5cwidpyqhuunz7l1y3 0 104481 823905 724252 2026-04-22T02:32:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Navarino.jpg|thumb|Sojojin ruwa na Allied a Yaƙin Navarino da Ambroise Louis Garneray, wani ɓangare na Yakin Independence na Girka da [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]]]] ''''''yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yanci''' na ƙasa''', wanda kuma ake kira yaƙe-yaƙi na' yanci ko yaƙe-yanci, rikice-rikice ne da kasashe suka yi don samun' 'yancin kai. Ana amfani da kalmar tare da yaƙe-yaƙe da ikon kasashen waje (ko aƙalla waɗanda aka ɗauka a matsayin baƙi) don kafa Jihohi masu zaman kansu daban-daban ga 'yan tawaye. Daga ra'ayi daban, ana kiran irin waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe tawaye ko tawaye. Yakin 'yan tawaye ko yaƙin asymmetric sau da yawa ana amfani da shi ta ƙungiyoyin da ake kira ƙungiyoyin' yanci na ƙasa, sau da yawa tare da tallafi daga wasu jihohi. Kalmar nan "yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yanci na ƙasa" galibi ana amfani da ita ga waɗanda aka yi yaƙi a lokacin yunkurin mulkin mallaka. Tun da yake waɗannan sun kasance da farko a cikin Duniya ta uku, a kan ikon Yamma da tasirin tattalin arzikinsu, da kuma babban bangare na [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]], ana amfani da wannan magana sau da yawa don sukar ikon kasashen waje da ke ciki.<ref name="McNamara">{{Cite journal |last=McNamara |first=Robert S. |author-link=Robert S. McNamara |date=1965-08-30 |title=Buildup of U.S. Forces in VietNam, Statement by Secretary of Defense, Robert S. McNamara, Before the Subcommittee on Department of Defense Appropriations of the Senate Committee on Appropriations on August 4, 1965 |url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon4/ps3.htm |journal=Department of State Bulletin |page=369 |access-date=2010-07-16 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127081754/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon4/ps3.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wasu daga cikin wadannan yaƙe-yaƙe sun sami goyon baya daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], wanda ya yi iƙirarin kasancewa mai adawa da mulkin mallaka, yana tallafawa maye gurbin gwamnatocin da ke goyon bayan Yamma da Kwaminisanci na gida ko wasu jam'iyyun da ba na Yamma ba. A watan Janairun 1961 Firayim Ministan Soviet Nikita Khrushchev ya yi alkawarin tallafawa "yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yanci na kasa" a duk duniya.<ref name="Little">{{Cite journal |last=Little |first=Wendell E. |year=1980 |title=Wars of National Liberation—Insurgency |url=http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1980/sep-oct/little.html |url-status=dead |journal=Air University Review |issue=September–October |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121212015733/http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1980/sep-oct/little.html |archive-date=December 12, 2012 |access-date=2010-07-16}}</ref> A gefe guda, sau da yawa ana kallon sa hannun Soviet a matsayin hanyar kara girman da tasirin Soviet Bloc, kuma ta haka ne wani nau'i na mulkin mallaka kanta. [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]] ta soki Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin mai mulkin mallaka. Hakanan, kasar Sin ta gabatar da kansu a matsayin samfuran ci gaban kasa mai zaman kanta a waje da tasirin Yamma, musamman a matsayin irin wannan matsayi da sauran ƙiyayya na dogon lokaci suna nufin an dauke su a matsayin barazana ga ikon Yamma kuma suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin haka, ta amfani da albarkatun su don taimakawa ƙungiyoyi a siyasa, tattalin arziki da soja kamar a [[Vietnam]]. Lokacin da aka bayyana al'ummar a cikin kabilanci, yaƙe-yaƙe da aka yi don 'yantar da ita sau da yawa sun haifar da tsarkake kabilanci ko [[Kisan kiyashi|kisan kare dangi]] don kawar da yankin da ake da'awar daga wasu kungiyoyin jama'a.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hayden |first=Robert M. |date=1996 |title=Schindler's Fate: Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing, and Population Transfers |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2501233 |journal=Slavic Review |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=727–748 |doi=10.2307/2501233 |issn=0037-6779 |jstor=2501233 |s2cid=232725375 |url-access=subscription |quote="Rendering an area ethnically homogenous by using force or in- timidation to remove from a given area persons of another ethnic or religious group" seems, in fact, an essential element in the program of many state builders and national liberation movements.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kelman |first=Herbert C. |date=1997 |title=Negotiating National Identity and Self-Determination in Ethnic Conflicts: The Choice Between Pluralism and Ethnic Cleansing |journal=Negotiation Journal |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=327–340 |doi=10.1023/A:1024840110195 |s2cid=189900927}}</ref> == Batutuwan Shari'a == Dokar kasa da kasa gabaɗaya tana riƙe da cewa mutane da ke da haƙƙin doka don ƙaddamar da kansu suna da damar yin yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yanci na ƙasa.<ref name="Higgins">{{Cite journal |last=Higgins |first=Noelle |date=April 2004 |title=The Application of International Humanitarian Law to Wars of National Liberation |url=http://www.jha.ac/articles/a132.pdf |journal=Journal of Humanitarian Assistance |access-date=2010-07-15 |archive-date=2010-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125080007/http://jha.ac/articles/a132.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Duk da yake jihohin Yamma suna kallon waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe a matsayin yaƙe-yan ƙasa, Kasashen Duniya ta Uku da na [[Kwaminisanci]] suna kallon su a matsayin yaƙi na duniya.<ref name="Malanczukp336" /> Wannan bambanci a cikin rarrabuwa yana haifar da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da waɗanne dokokin yaƙi ke aiki a irin waɗannan yanayi.<ref name="Malanczukp336" /> Koyaya, akwai yarjejeniya ta gaba ɗaya tsakanin dukkan jihohi a yau bisa ka'idar cewa amfani da karfi don rushe haƙƙin doka na mutane ga ƙaddamar da kai ba bisa ka'ida ba ne.<ref name="Malanczukp336" /> == Shirye-shiryen dabaru == [[Fayil:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|Flag of [[Mozambik|Mozambique]]; mai zaman kansa daga [[Portugal]] tun 1975, bayan Juyin Juya Halin Carnation a [[Lisbon]], tare da [[AK-47|Kalashnikov]] a matsayin alama ce ta gwagwarmayar da aka yi da [[Daular Portuguese|Daular Portugal]], littafin a matsayin alama ta koyarwa da aikin gona a matsayin alama layin tattalin arziki.]] [[Yaƙi|Yaƙe-yaƙe]] na 'yanci na ƙasa galibi ana yaƙi da su ta hanyar yaƙin' yan tawaye. Babban manufar waɗannan dabarun ita ce kara farashin dakarun masu adawa da 'yan tawaye da suka wuce inda irin waɗannan dakarun suke shirye su ɗauka. Yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yanci na ƙasa gabaɗaya sun dogara da goyon bayan jama'a, tare da fararen hula na yau da kullun da ke ba da muhimmiyar goyon baya. A ƙarshe, yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yanci na ƙasa galibi ana saka su a cikin babban mahallin siyasa mai iko kuma galibi yaƙe-yanci ne. Wadannan dabarun sun bayyana dalilin da ya sa suke cin nasara sosai a kan gwamnatocin kasashen waje kuma ba su yi nasara ba a kan gwamnatan 'yan asalin ƙasar. Gwamnatocin kasashen waje yawanci suna da ƙofar da za su fi so su koma gida maimakon su yi yaƙi. Sabanin haka, mulkin 'yan asalin ba shi da wurin da za su iya komawa, kuma za su yi yaƙi da wuya saboda rashin madadin. Bugu da ƙari, gwamnatocin ƙasashen waje yawanci suna da ƙananan magoya baya a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma waɗanda ke akwai sau da yawa ana iya gano su cikin sauƙi, suna ba da damar sojojin 'yan tawaye su gano burinsu. Sabanin haka, gwamnatocin 'yan asalin suna da goyon baya mafi mashahuri, kuma magoya bayansu galibi ba a gane su da sauƙi ba, yana mai da wuya a gudanar da ayyukan da aka yi musu ba tare da haifar da lahani ga jam'iyyun tsaka-tsaki ba. == Tarihi == === Lokacin mulkin mallaka === [[Fayil:Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis.jpg|thumb|mika wuya ga Ubangiji Cornwallis a Yorktown a shekara ta 1781]] [[Fayil:Batalla-Rancagua.jpg|thumb|Yaƙin Rancagua a lokacin Yakin Independence na Chile a cikin 1814]] Ana iya la'akari da [[Juyin Juya Halin Haiti]] (1791-1804) a matsayin daya daga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na farko na 'yanci na kasa. Ya sanya [[Bauta|bayi]] masu 'yanci da kansu a kan Daular Faransa, yana faruwa a lokacin da ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa kamar juyin juya halin Amurka da Faransa suka haifar da hauhawar sanin ƙasa a duniyar Atlantic. A lokaci guda a lokacin Yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yancin kai na Mutanen Espanya (1808-1833), masu kishin ƙasa sun kaddamar da jerin yaƙe- yaƙe-yancin kai masu rikitarwa a kan masu mulkin mallaka, wanda ya haifar da kafa sabbin jihohin Latin Amurka. Siege na Patras (1821) ya haifar da Yakin Independence na Girka, wanda ya kawo karshen Mulkin Ottoman a kafa Masarautar Girka. Rashin gamsuwa da mulkin kamfanin Burtaniya a Indiya ya haifar da Sepoy Mutiny (1857-1858), wanda wani lokacin ana bayyana shi a matsayin Yaƙin Independence na Indiya na farko .{{Efn|"The events of 1857–58 in India (are) known variously as a mutiny, a revolt, a rebellion and the first war of independence (the debates over which only confirm just how contested imperial history can become) ... "<ref name="Williams2006" />}} Easter Rising (1916) a [[Dublin]] ya haifar da Irish War of Independence (1919-1921), wanda ya ƙare a kafa Irish Free State . Bayan yakin duniya na farko da Juyin Juya Halin Rasha na 1917 Bolsheviks ba su yi nasara ba har sai [[Finland]], [[Istoniya|Estonia]], [[Laitfiya|Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], da [[Poland]] sun sami 'yancin kai. Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Ukraine ta yi yaƙi da yaƙin neman 'yancin kai (1917-1921), wanda ya haifar da shiga cikin Jamhuriyar Soviet. Bayan shan kashi na [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]], Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Turkiyya ta yi yaƙi da jerin kamfen a cikin yakin neman 'yancin kai (1919-1922), wanda ya haifar da janyewar sojojin Allied da kafa [[Turkiyya|Jamhuriyar Turkiyya]]. Yakin Independence na Indonesia (1945-1949) ya biyo baya tare da 'Yanci na Irian Jaya (1960-1962), Yaƙin Indochina na farko (1946-54), Yaƙin Vietnam (1959-75), Yakin 'Yanci ya [[Bangladesh]] (1971) da [[Yaƙin Aljeriya]] (1954-62) duk an dauke su yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yanci na kasa ta bangarorin tawaye na rikice-rikice. Yakin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka (ANC) ke yi da mulkin wariyar launin fata kuma wani misali ne. Yawancin waɗannan tawaye sun sami goyon baya daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]]. Tun lokacin [[Juyin Juya Hali|juyin juya hali]] Rasha manufofin juyin juya hali na [[Kwaminisanci]] da kwaminisancin sun kasance tare da shugabannin masu adawa da mulkin mallaka, don haka suna bayyana haɗin gwiwa tsakanin dakarun masu adawa le mulkin mallaka da Marxism. An tsara manufar "masarauta" kanta a cikin littafin Lenin na 1916, Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism . Misali, Ho Chi Minh - wanda ya kafa Viet-Minh a 1941 kuma ya ayyana 'yancin Vietnam a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1945, bayan Juyin Juya Halin Agusta na 1945 - ya kasance memba na kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Faransa (PCF) a 1921. A watan Janairun 1961, sama da shekaru uku kafin Lamarin Gulf of Tonkin wanda zai nuna karuwar shiga cikin Yaƙin Vietnam, Firayim Ministan Soviet Nikita Khrushchev zai yi alkawarin tallafawa "yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yanci na kasa" a duk duniya. A cikin wannan shekaru goma, Cuba, karkashin jagorancin Fidel Castro, za ta goyi bayan ƙungiyoyin 'yanci na ƙasa a [[Angola]] da [[Yakin 'yancin kai na Mozambique|Mozambique]]. Yaƙe-yaƙe na mulkin mallaka na Portugal a ƙarshe sun kai ga amincewa Angola, Mozambique da [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] a matsayin ƙasashe masu cin gashin kansu a 1975, bayan juyin juya halin Carnation na Afrilu. [[Yakin Daji na Rhodesia|Yaƙin Bush na Rhodesian]] ya zama fagen yaƙin neman zaɓe ta hanyar dalilai na ZANLA da ZAPU akan [[Rhodesia]] har zuwa lokacin da mulkin farar fata ya ƙare a 1979 kuma yarjejeniyar Lancaster House ta haifar da 'yancin kai ga [[Zimbabwe]] a cikin Afrilu 1980. A watan Fabrairun 1991, watanni shida bayan barkewar yakin Gulf, kawancen da Amurka ke jagoranta ta kaddamar da farmaki ta kasa don kwato Kuwait daga mamayar Iraqi . Watsewar Yugoslavia a 1991 ya haifar da ƙarancin yaƙe-yaƙe na samun 'yancin kai a wani ɓangare na [[Yugoslav Wars|Yaƙin Yugoslavia]], gami da Yaƙin Kwanaki Goma da Yaƙin 'Yancin kai na Croatian . Sakamakon [[Kisan ƙare dangi na Rwandan|kisan kiyashin da aka yi a kasar Ruwanda]] ya ga kungiyar AFDL [[Yaƙin Kongo na farko|ta mamaye kasar Zaire]] tare da hambarar da gwamnatin Mobutu tare da mayar da sunanta zuwa [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango]] . A yakin basasar Libya na farko (2011), bore ya koma tawaye, wanda ya hambarar da gwamnatin [[Muammar Gaddafi]], sannan majalisar rikon kwarya ta kasa ta ayyana 'yantar da Libya daga shekaru 42 na mulkinsa. == Yaƙe-yaƙen da ke gudana da ake bayyana su a matsayin gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai == Ƙungiyar 'Yantar da Falasɗinu (PLO) ƙungiya ce ta gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai, wato tana da sahalewar doka a matsayin haka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sess.: 1988-1989) |first=UN General Assembly (43rd |date=1989 |title=Observer status of national liberation movements recognized by the Organization of African Unity and/or the League of Arab States :: resolutions /: adopted by the General Assembly. |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/192616 |journal=United Nations Digital Library |language=en}}</ref> Sauran ƙungiyoyin gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai a OAU a wancan lokacin sun haɗa da African National Congress (ANC) da Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC). Ita ce kaɗai ƙungiyar ba daga Afirka ba da ta samu matsayin mai sa ido a OAU, kuma ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin farko da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ba da dindindin matsayin mai sa ido bisa ƙuduri na shekarar 1974.<ref name=Shultzp100>Shultz, 1988, p. 100.</ref><ref name=Wilsonp119>Wilson, 1990, p. 119.</ref> PLO tana kuma halartar tattaunawar Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya; tun daga 1988, tana wakiltar al’ummar Falasɗinu a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ƙarƙashin sunan "Falasɗinu".<ref name=Boczekp86>Boczek, 2005, p86.</ref> Wadannan rikice-rikicen da ke faruwa yanzu ana yawan bayyana su a matsayin yaƙe-yaƙen ko gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai na ƙasa (sau da yawa ana samun sabani dangane da wannan bayani): * Yawancin 'yan Chechnya da wasu daga cikin masu lura daga waje suna ɗaukar Yaƙin Chechnya na Farko da na Biyu a matsayin gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai da Rasha.<ref>Sakwa, Richard (2005), ''Chechnya: From Past to Future'', shafi na 208. Anthem Press, ISBN 1-84331-164-X</ref><ref>Evangelista, Matthew (2002), ''The Chechen wars: will Russia go the way of the Soviet Union?'', shafi na 142. Brookings Institution Press, ISBN 0-8157-2498-5</ref><ref>Dunlop, John B. (1998), ''Russia Confronts Chechnya'', shafi na 93. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-63619-1</ref> * Wasu kungiyoyin mayaƙan ƙasar [[Iraƙi|Iraq]], da wasu ƙungiyoyin siyasa, suna ganin Yaƙin Iraq a matsayin gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai da kawancen sojojin da Amurka ta jagoranta. * Yawancin Kurdawa suna ɗaukar rikicin Kurdawa da Turkiyya a matsayin gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai na Kurdawa a cikin ƙasar Turkiyya. * Polisario Front tana neman 'yancin yankin Sahara ta Yamma tun daga 1975 kuma tana ɗaukar yaƙin guerilla da Maroko a matsayin yaƙin 'yancin kai (kamar yadda kasashe da dama, ƙasashen waje da Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka suka amince), yayin da Maroko ke kallon ta a matsayin ƙungiyar neman ballewa. Wasu ƙasashe sun amince da Polisario a matsayin wakili na halastacciyar wakilcin al'ummar Sahrawi. Yaƙin ya tsaya tun bayan yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta ta 1991. == Rikice-rikice == [[File:Battle of Oulart Hill.jpg|thumb|Tawayen Ireland na 1798]] [[File:Battle of Ostrołęka 1831.PNG|thumb|Yaƙin Ostrołęka yayin Tashin Nuwamba]] [[File:The defeat of Shipka Peak, Bulgarian War of Independence.JPG|thumb|Kare hanyar Shipka daga sojojin Turkiyya, wanda ya kasance muhimmi wajen samun 'yancin kan Bulgaria]] [[File:Battle at river Skit 1877.jpg|thumb|Fadan tsakanin Turawa da Rumaniyawa a lokacin Yaƙin 'Yancin Rumaniya na 1877]] [[File:Patarei nr 1 1919.jpg|thumb|Dakarun Estonia na shirye-shiryen fada a lokacin Yaƙin 'Yancin Estonia (1918–1920)]] Rikice-rikicen da aka bayyana a matsayin gwagwarmayar samun 'yancin kai: * Yaƙin 'Yancin Sweden (1521–1523). * Yaƙin Shekaru Tamanin. * Tashin Khmelnytsky. * Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka. * Tawayen Ireland na 1798. * Tawayen Ireland na 1803. * Yaƙin Tsibiran Iberia da Napoleon a lokacin Yaƙin Napoleon. * Juyin Juya Halin Haiti. * Yaƙin Jamus na 1813 da Napoleon a ƙasashen Jamusawa. * Yaƙe-yaƙen 'Yancin ƙasashen Amurka ta Kudanci. * Yaƙin Sweden da Norway. * Yaƙin 'Yancin Greece (1821). * Juyin Juya Halin Belgium. * Juyin Juya Halin Serbia. * Yaƙin 'Yancin Dominican (1844–1856). * Yaƙe-yaƙen 'Yancin Italiya (1848–1866). * Yaƙin Mayar da 'Yanci na Dominican (1863–1865). * Yaƙin Serbia da Turkiyya (1876–1878). * Yaƙin Mayar da Mulki na Portugal. Yaƙe-yaƙen bayyana na neman 'yanci daga mulkin mallaka: ** Juyin Juya Halin Philippines. ** Yaƙin Rif da mulkin mallakar Spain a Morocco. ** Tashin Agusta, Viet Minh da mamayar Japan a Vietnam. ** Yaƙin Indochina na Farko, Viet Minh da mulkin mallakar Faransa a Indochina. ** Juyin Juya Halin Indonesia. ** Gwagwarmayar 'yan Tamil da danniya da tsarin kwashe mutane zuwa yankin Tamil a Sri Lanka. ** Tashin Malagasy da Faransa a 1947. ** Yaƙin Algeria da Faransa (1954–1962). ** Yaƙin Portugal a kasashen Angola, Guinea-Bissau da Mozambique da Portugal (1961–1974). ** A Cameroon, daga UPC da Faransa. ** A Yemen ta Kudu, daga National Liberation Front (NLF) da Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen (FLOSY). ** Tawayen Mau Mau da Birtaniya a Kenya. ** Yaƙin Gwari a Rhodesia (yanzu Zimbabwe), wanda ZANU da ZAPU suka jagoranta. ** A Sahara ta Yamma, daga Sojojin 'Yancin Maroko da Spain da Faransa, da kuma Polisario Front da Maroko da Mauritania. ** A Namibia, daga SWAPO da SWANU da Afirka ta Kudu mai nuna wariyar launin fata. ** Tawayen Dhofar a Muscat da Oman. ** Yaƙin Dervish a Somalia. ** Tawayen Brunei. * Yaƙin 'Yancin Estonia. * Yaƙin 'Yancin Latvia. * Yaƙe-yaƙen 'Yancin Lithuania. * Yaƙin 'Yancin Ukraine. * Yaƙin 'Yancin Turkiyya. * Yaƙin 'Yancin Yugoslavia da Juyin Juya Halin Zamani a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, daga Partisans na Yugoslavia da Axis da abokan haɗin gwiwarsu. * Yaƙin Cikin Gida na Italiya tsakanin sojojin Masarautar Italiya da masu adawa da mamayar Jamus na Nazi da gwamnatin Social Republic na Italiya. * A China, Yaƙin Cikin Gida na Communist (1945–1949). * A Koriya ta Arewa, Yaƙin Koriya da Koriya ta Kudu. * Yaƙin Vietnam, tsakanin Koriya ta Kudu da Amurka da Koriya ta Arewa da China da Tarayyar Soviet da kasashen gurguzu. * Yaƙin 'Yancin Eritrea da Habasha. * Yaƙin 'Yancin Bangladesh da Pakistan ta Yamma. * Yaƙin Soviet da Afghanistan da Sojojin Soviet. * A Ireland, Yaƙin Anglo-Irish da rikicin The Troubles a Arewacin Ireland; har ila yau, tawayen Provisional IRA da Birtaniya domin samar da jamhuriya guda a Ireland daga 1969 zuwa 1998. * A Cambodia, da mamayar Sojojin Vietnam da Jamhuriyar Kampuchea a lokacin Yaƙin Cambodia da Vietnam. * Yaƙin Ogaden na 1977 tsakanin Somalia da Habasha. * A Nicaragua, daga dakarun Augusto Sandino da mamayar sojojin Amurka. * A Chadi, daga FROLINAT da mulkin kama karya na François Tombalbaye. * A Afirka ta Kudu, daga Umkhonto we Sizwe da Azanian People's Liberation Army da tsarin wariyar launin fata. * Yaƙin Chechen na Farko da na Biyu da Rasha. * Rikicin Nagorno-Karabakh. * A Bougainville, daga Bougainville Revolutionary Army da Papua New Guinea. * Rikicin Chiapas daga Zapatista Army of National Liberation da Mexico. * Yaƙin 'Yancin Croatia. * Yaƙin 'Yancin Isra’ila (1948). * Yaƙin 'Yancin Slovenia (Yaƙin Kwana Goma). * Yaƙin Bosnia (1992–1995). * Yaƙin Sahara ta Yamma. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} ==Bibiyar Tarihi== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NR7mFXCB-wgC&pg=PA86 |page=86|title=International law: a dictionary|author=Boleslaw Adam Boczek|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-8108-5078-1}} * {{cite book |title=Akehurst's Modern Introduction to International Law |first=Peter Autor |last=Malanczuk |publisher=Routledge |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-415-11120-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/akehurstsmoderni0000mala }} * {{cite book|title=Native vs. settler: ethnic conflict in Israel/Palestine, Northern Ireland, and South Africa|first1=Thomas G.|last1=Mitchell|edition=Illustrated|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2000|isbn=978-0-313-31357-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3PNt46aB_sYC&pg=PA41 }} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wtebWixsIdYC&pg=PA100 |title=The Soviet Union and revolutionary warfare: principles, practices, and regional comparisons|author=[[Richard H. Shultz]]|publisher=Hoover Press|year=1988|isbn=978-0-8179-8711-4}} * {{cite book|title=International law and the use of force by national liberation movements|first1=Heather A.|last1=Wilson|edition=Illustrated|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1990|isbn=978-0-19-825662-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MNj5hzOHIasC&pg=PA119 }} {{Refend}} == Mahaɗa == * [http://*.iapl.net/statements/nlm.pdf Edre U. Olalia, Vice President of International Association of People’s Lawyers (IAPL) THE STATUS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW OF NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENTS AND THEIR USE OF ARMED FORCE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621222848/http://iapl.net/ |date=2009-06-21 }} * [http://www.iadllaw.org/files/THE%20STATUS%20IN%20INTERNATIONAL%20LAW%20OF%20NATIONAL%20LIBERATION%20MOVEMENTS%20AND%20THEIR%20USE%20OF%20ARMED%20FORCE%20by%20Edre%20Olalia.pdf Edre U. Olalia, Vice President of International Association of People’s Lawyers - The status in International Law of National Liberation Movements] * [http://www.iapl.net/index.php/en/third-congress/79-a-reversal-of-international-law A reversal of International Law] 4zqqzg8bi82kk18njvwrjicydk525r2 0 105856 823987 674011 2026-04-22T08:03:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Akwa Ibom na 2015''' ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 11 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 2015, dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke Umana Umana na [[All Progressives Congress|APC]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-14 |title=Udom Emmanuel set to win by landslide in Akwa Ibom |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/03/udom-emmanuel-set-to-win-by-landslide-in-akwa-ibom/ |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adoyi |first=Ali |date=2015-04-12 |title=Emmanuel Udom wins Akwa Ibom governorship elections |url=https://dailypost.ng/2015/04/12/emmanuel-udom-wins-akwa-ibom-governorship-elections/ |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-25 |title=Why Udom Emmanuel Won A Landslide Victory In Akwa Ibom State |url=https://guardian.ng/features/why-udom-emmanuel-won-a-landslide-victory-in-akwa-ibom-state/ |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-12 |title=INEC declares PDP's Emmanuel winner of Akwa Ibom governorship poll {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/181339-inec-declares-pdps-emmanuel-winner-of-akwa-ibom-governorship-poll.html |access-date=2021-04-28 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-13 |title=Udom Emmanuel wins Akwa Ibom governorship poll |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/udom-emmanuel-wins-akwa-ibom-governorship-poll/ |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2015 |title=The Akwa Ibom Governorship Election in Perspective |url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20150510/282415577854541 |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=This Day |via=PressReader}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-03 |title=Breaking news: Umana loses, Udom wins in Akwa Ibom, says Supreme Court - |url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2016/02/03/breaking-news-umana-loses-udom-wins-in-akwa-ibom-says-supreme-court/ |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=The NEWS}}</ref> [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar gwamna na [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] bayan ya samu kuri'u 1,201 kuma ya doke abokin hamayyarsa mafi kusa, Okpolupm Etteh, wanda ya samu kuriʼu 38. Ya zaɓi Musa Ekpo a matsayin abokin takararsa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Hart |first=Beth |date=2014-12-09 |title=PDP Primaries: Jimi Agbaje Wins In Lagos + Other Results Across The Country |url=https://www.legit.ng/338978-results-of-pdp-primaries-across-the-state.html |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en |archive-date=2021-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428205203/https://www.legit.ng/338978-results-of-pdp-primaries-across-the-state.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Udom Emmanuel routs opponents to win Akwa Ibom PDP governorship primaries |url=https://newsexpressngr.com/news/8550-Udom-Emmanuel-routs-opponents-to-win-Akwa-Ibom-PDP-governorship-primaries |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=News Express Nigeria Website |language=en |archive-date=2021-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428205604/https://newsexpressngr.com/news/8550-Udom-Emmanuel-routs-opponents-to-win-Akwa-Ibom-PDP-governorship-primaries |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel Udom wins A'Ibom gov primary |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/163737/emmanuel-udom-wins-aibom-gov-primary.html |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-30 |title=Akwa Ibom PDP picks governorship running mate, assigns key govt positions {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/south-south-regional/173954-akwa-ibom-pdp-picks-governorship-running-mate-assigns-key-govt-positions.html |access-date=2021-04-28 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Umana Umana ita ce dan takarar PDP tare da Ben Ukpong a matsayin abokin takararsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-30 |title=Umana picks running mate |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/umana-picks-running-mate/ |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref> 'Yan takara 14 ne suka fafata a zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perishable |title=APC Archives - Page 15 of 20 - TELL |url=https://www.tell.ng/https:/tell.ng/tag/postname/apc/page/15/ |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=www.tell.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Akwa Ibom ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a. == Zaben fidda gwani == === PDP na farko === An gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na PDP a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2014. [[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] ya lashe zaben fidda gwani da kuri'u 1,201 a kan wasu 'yan takara 22. Abokin hamayyarsa mafi kusa shi ne Okpolupm Etteh, wanda ya zo na biyu tare da kuri'u 38, Helen Esuene ya zira kwallaye 12, Effiong Abia ya zira kwallan 4, Nsima Ekere ya zira kwalanci 4, yayin da ya zira kwakanci 2, yayin da Benjamin Okoko da Isangedighi Jerome suka samu kuri'u 1 kowannensu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2014-12-23 |title=Akwa Ibom 2015: Intrigues in PDP, APC |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/akwa-ibom-2015-intrigues-pdp-apc/ |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-08 |title=Akwa Ibom: Udom Emmanuel clinches PDP ticket |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/udom-emmanuel-wins-akwa-ibom-pdp-ticket/ |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-09 |title=Udom Emmanuel Wins Akwa Ibom Governorship Primaries |url=https://www.naija247news.com/2014/12/09/udom-emmanuel-wins-akwa-ibom-governorship-primaries/ |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=Naija247news |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":3"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-08 |title=Update: PDP Governorship primaries |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/update-pdp-governorship-primaries/ |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-21 |title=Udom still in troubled waters as A-Ibom seeks fresh PDP candidate |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/udom-still-in-troubled-waters-as-a-ibom-seeks-fresh-pdp-candidate/ |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-23 |title=PDP clears Udom Emmanuel for Akwa Ibom gov race |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/11/pdp-clears-udom-emmanuel-akwa-ibom-gov-race/ |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> === Farko na APC === An gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na APC a ranar 4 ga Disamba, 2014. Umana Umana ta fito ne mai ɗaukar tutar APC bayan ta ci Sam Ewang, Emmanuel Ekpenyong da John James Akpanudoedeghe . <ref name=":0"/> == Sakamakon == Adadin 'yan takara 14 da suka yi rajista tare da [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta]] don yin takara a zaben. Adadin masu jefa kuri'a da aka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 1,548,531, yayin da aka amince da masu jefa kuriʼa 1,158,624. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 1,122,836, yayin da adadin kuri'un inganci ya kasance 1,110,580. Kimanin kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 12,256.{{Election results|cand1=[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]]|party1=[[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|People's Democratic Party]]|votes1=996071|cand2=Umana Umana|party2=[[All Progressives Congress]]|votes2=89865|cand3=Other candidates|party3=|votes3=24644|invalid=12256|electorate=1548531|source=[https://thenationonlineng.net/udom-emmanuel-wins-akwa-ibom-governorship-poll/ The Nation]}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} a7imr0mekhpw3ai9a52cdvfnh0llc8j 0 105945 823982 673953 2026-04-22T07:45:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An gudanar da '''Zaben Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ebonyi na 2015''' a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 2015, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Jiha ta Ebonyi a Najeriya. Dukkanin kujeru 24 sun kasance don zabe a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ebonyi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-14 |title=PDP wins 16 of 18 Assembly seats in Ebonyi |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/181454-pdp-wins-16-of-18-%E2%80%8Bassembly-seats-in-ebonyi.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526165307/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/181454-pdp-wins-16-of-18-%e2%80%8bassembly-seats-in-ebonyi.html |archive-date=May 26, 2015 |access-date=2021-12-21 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-28 |title=PDP wins Ebonyi rerun |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/pdp-wins-ebonyi-rerun/ |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ebonyi assembly withdraws 2015 budget proposal - P.M. News |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/06/12/ebonyi-assembly-withdraws-2015-budget-proposal/ |access-date=2021-12-21 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ebonyi Assembly Passes 18 Bills Into Law - P.M. News |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2017/06/08/ebonyi-assembly-passes-18-bills-law/ |access-date=2021-12-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sakamakon == === Izzi Yamma === Dan takarar PDP Francis Ogbonnaya Nwifuru ya lashe zaben. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ebonyi State Government {{!}} News Post |url=http://www.ebonyistate.gov.ng/NewsPost.aspx?nid=54 |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=www.ebonyistate.gov.ng |archive-date=2021-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221170238/http://www.ebonyistate.gov.ng/NewsPost.aspx?nid=54 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Onicha Gabas === Dan takarar PDP Odefa Obasi Odefa ya lashe zaben. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-16 |title=EMPLOYMENT: Ebonyi Assembly alleges marginalization of indigenes in FG agencies |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/03/employment-ebonyi-assembly-alleges-marginalization-of-indigenes-in-fg-agencies/ |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ezza Arewa maso Yamma === Dan takarar PDP Victor Nwite ya lashe zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-08 |title=Valedictory session: 49 bills passed by Ebonyi assembly, Speaker Nwifuru says |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/valedictory-session-49-bills-passed-by-ebonyi-assembly-speaker-nwifuru-says/ |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-08 |title=Nwifuru is new Ebonyi Speaker {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/184544-nwifuru-is-new-ebonyi-speaker.html |access-date=2021-12-21 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-06 |title=House of Reps: Ebonyi Speaker, 5 others win primaries |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/house-reps-ebonyi-speaker-5-others-win-primaries/ |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> === Afikpo Arewa maso Yamma === Dan takarar PDP Ikoro Kingsley Ogbonnaya ya lashe zaben. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-09 |title=Ebonyi gets new speaker, Umahi flays Fourth Assembly |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/national/ebonyi-gets-new-speaker-umahi-flays-fourth-assembly/ |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ebonyi Arewa maso Yamma === Dan takarar PDP ya lashe zaben. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-14 |title=PDP wins 16 Assembly seats in Ebonyi |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/pdp-wins-16-assembly-seats-in-ebonyi/ |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-27 |title=Ebonyi Assembly approves N75.8b Appropriation Bill for 2015 - |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/ebonyi-assembly-approves-n75-8b-appropriation-bill-for-2015/ |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=The Eagle Online |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ezza ta Kudu === Dan takarar PDP Chris Ususlor ya lashe zaben. === Ohaozara Yamma === Dan takarar PDP Onu Nwonye ya lashe zaben. === Ezza Arewa maso Gabas === Dan takarar PDP Nwobashi Joseph ya lashe zaben. === Afikpo Kudu maso Yamma === Dan takarar PDP Nkemka Okoro Onuma ya lashe zaben. === Izzi Gabas === Dan takarar LP Anthony Nwegede ya lashe zaben. === Abakaliki ta Arewa === Dan takarar PDP Okpo Franca Chinyere ya lashe zaben. === Ikwo ta Arewa === Dan takarar PDP Nwuruku Humphrey Alieze ya lashe zaben. === Ohaukwu ta Kudu === Dan takarar PDP Oselebe Abyga Christian ya lashe zaben. === Ebonyi Arewa maso Gabas === Dan takarar PDP Ezeoma Benjamin ya lashe zaben. === Afikpo Kudu maso Gabas === Dan takarar PDP Chidi Ejem ya lashe zaben. === Ikwo ta Kudu === Dan takarar PDP Ogiji Imo Chike ya lashe zaben. === Ishielu ta Kudu === Dan takarar PDP Julius Ifeanyi Nwokpo ya lashe zaben. === Ivo === Dan takarar PDP Oliver Osi ya lashe zaben. === Ohaozara Gabas === Dan takarar PDP Ude Augusta Chika ya lashe zaben. === Ohaukwu ta Arewa === Dan takarar PDP Frank Nwaka Onwe ya lashe zaben. === Onicha Yamma === Dan takarar PDP Valentine Okike Uzo ya lashe zaben. === Abakaliki ta Kudu === Dan takarar PDP Luke Nkwegu ya lashe zaben. === Ishielu ta Arewa === Dan takarar PDP Ali Okechukwu ya lashe zaben. === Afikpo Arewa maso Gabas === Dan takarar PPA Maria Ude Nwachi ta lashe zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-30 |title=Maria Ude Nwachi Biography And Life Facts - NairaPawa |url=https://www.nairapawa.com.ng/maria-ude-nwachi/ |access-date=2022-12-30 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 9wo64dlyofxv8uzaufah2xvqz20t2w8 0 106014 823988 663026 2026-04-22T08:05:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Borno na 1979''' ya faru ne a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1979. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Elections Database |url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng_governorship.html |access-date=May 17, 2021 |publisher=African Elections}}</ref> [[Mohammed Goni]] na [[Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya|GNPP]] ya lashe zaben na farko don zama gwamnan zartarwa na farko na [[Borno|Jihar Borno]], inda ya kayar da [[Kam Selem|Kam Salem]] na babban 'yan adawa na [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|NPN]] a gasar.<ref name="Comp">{{Cite web |last=Izekor, Victor |date=May 22, 2020 |title=Mohammed Goni: The Kanuri warrior who fought wars by Victor Izekor |url=https://yenlive.com/news/index.php/opinions/2976-mohammed-goni-the-kanuri-warrior-who-fought-wars-by-victor-izekor |access-date=May 29, 2021 |website=Yenlive |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214740/https://yenlive.com/news/index.php/opinions/2976-mohammed-goni-the-kanuri-warrior-who-fought-wars-by-victor-izekor |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="AS">{{Cite journal |last=Panter-Brick, K. |date=1979 |title=Nigeria: The 1979 Elections |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40173962 |journal=Africa Spectrum |volume=14 |issue=3 |page=323 |jstor=40173962 |access-date=May 20, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo, Ademola |date=January 13, 2009 |title=Where Are Second Republic Governors? |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2 |access-date=May 18, 2021 |website=All Africa |publisher=ThisDay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83 |url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm |access-date=May 18, 2021 |publisher=Countryside Studies}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aondowase, Nyam |year=2015 |title=AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2003 AND 2007 ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/53451/Nyam_Analysis_2015.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=May 22, 2021 |format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |archive-date=28 May 2010 |access-date=2021-05-23 |publisher=World Statesmen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Okpu |first=Ugbana |date=1985 |title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174204 |format=JSTOR |journal=Africa Spectrum |publisher=Sage Publications, Ltd. |volume=20 |pages=191–209 |jstor=40174204 |access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Joseph |first=Richard A. |date=1981 |title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166229 |format=JSTOR |journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=11 |pages=17–23 |doi=10.2307/1166229 |jstor=1166229 |url-access=subscription |access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ola, Timothy |date=September 30, 2009 |title=How we underdeveloped Borno North, by Mohammed Goni |url=http://news.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=8522 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225040919/http://news.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=8522 |archive-date=February 25, 2012 |access-date=May 29, 2021 |publisher=OnlineNigeria Daily News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Babalola, Jide |date=October 11, 2009 |title=Only two-party system can save Nigeria, Goni |url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/21498/1/Only-two-party-system-can-save-Nigeria-Goni/Page1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726120632/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/21498/1/Only-two-party-system-can-save-Nigeria-Goni/Page1.html |archive-date=July 26, 2011 |access-date=May 29, 2021 |publisher=The Nation}}</ref> [[Mohammed Goni]] ya fito a matsayin dan takarar [[Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya|GNPP]] bayan an zabe shi ba tare da halarta ba, inda ya doke Abba Jiddum Gana a kan wani bangare mai yawa. Goni ya yi tambaya 166 kuma Gana 18.<ref name="Comp2">{{Cite web |last=Izekor, Victor |date=May 22, 2020 |title=Mohammed Goni: The Kanuri warrior who fought wars by Victor Izekor |url=https://yenlive.com/news/index.php/opinions/2976-mohammed-goni-the-kanuri-warrior-who-fought-wars-by-victor-izekor |access-date=May 29, 2021 |website=Yenlive |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214740/https://yenlive.com/news/index.php/opinions/2976-mohammed-goni-the-kanuri-warrior-who-fought-wars-by-victor-izekor |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abokin Goni shine Ibrahim Anas<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel, Odang |title=State Governors and Their Deputies |url=https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/10/08/state-governors-and-their-deputies/ |access-date=May 31, 2021 |website=Rainbow Nigeria |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213047/https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/10/08/state-governors-and-their-deputies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Borno|Gwamnan Jihar Borno]] ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a. == Sakamakon == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda biyar da [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe ta Tarayya]] (FEDECO) ta yi rajista don shiga cikin zaben. [[Mohammed Goni]] na [[Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya|GNPP]] ya lashe gasar ta hanyar jefa kuri'u mafi girma, inda ya doke [[Kam Selem|Kam Salem]] na [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|NPN]].<ref name="Comp"/><ref name="AS"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hart, C. |date=1993 |title=The Nigerian Elections of 1983 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161428 |format=JSTOR |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=397–418 |doi=10.2307/1161428 |jstor=1161428 |s2cid=145591693 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=33. Nigeria (1960-present) |url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/ |access-date=May 20, 2021 |publisher=[[University of Central Arkansas]] |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bala, Tahiru |title=Can Ali Sheriff Break The Continuity Jinx? |url=http://www.gamji.com/article6000/NEWS6428.htm |access-date=May 29, 2021 |website=Gamji}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2020 |title=Former Old Borno Gov. Mohammed Goni Is Dead |url=https://masternews.com.ng/former-old-borno-gov-mohammed-goni-is-dead/ |access-date=May 29, 2021 |website=Master News |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213554/https://masternews.com.ng/former-old-borno-gov-mohammed-goni-is-dead/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=6 Aspects of Income Distribution in the Nigerian Urban Sector |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABR753.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222165809/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABR753.pdf |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |access-date=May 30, 2021 |publisher=USAID}}</ref> == Manazarta == hlia5169qf9jb1y37qz1p9ihbfom9sc 0 106018 824131 663076 2026-04-22T10:28:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Zaben gwamna na Jihar Neja na 1979 ya faru ne a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1979. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Elections Database |url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng_governorship.html |access-date=May 17, 2021 |publisher=African Elections}}</ref> [[Awwal Ibrahim]] na [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|NPN]] ya lashe zaben a karo na farko don zama gwamnan zartarwa na farko na [[Neja|Jihar Nijar]] da ke jagoranta kuma, ya kayar da manyan 'yan adawa a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo, Ademola |date=January 13, 2009 |title=Where Are Second Republic Governors? |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2 |access-date=May 18, 2021 |website=All Africa |publisher=ThisDay}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83 |url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm |access-date=May 18, 2021 |publisher=Countryside Studies}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aondowase, Nyam |year=2015 |title=AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2003 AND 2007 ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/53451/Nyam_Analysis_2015.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=May 22, 2021 |format=PDF}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |archive-date=28 May 2010 |access-date=2021-05-23 |publisher=World Statesmen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Okpu |first=Ugbana |date=1985 |title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174204 |format=JSTOR |journal=Africa Spectrum |publisher=Sage Publications, Ltd. |volume=20 |pages=191–209 |jstor=40174204 |access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Joseph |first=Richard A. |date=1981 |title=The Ethnic Trap: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166229 |format=JSTOR |journal=Issue: A Journal of Opinion |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=11 |pages=17–23 |doi=10.2307/1166229 |jstor=1166229 |url-access=subscription |access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=6 Aspects of Income Distribution in the Nigerian Urban Sector |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABR753.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222165809/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABR753.pdf |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |access-date=May 30, 2021 |publisher=USAID}}</ref> [[Awwal Ibrahim]] ya fito ne mai nasara a zaben fidda gwani na [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|NPN]]. Abokin aikinsa shi ne Idris Alhassan Kpaki . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel, Odang |date=October 8, 2020 |title=State Governors and Their Deputies |url=https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/10/08/state-governors-and-their-deputies-2/?_gl=1*1ks7sm*_ga*a3BDcWhmU3phVndTOUdnVVRxci10eVBOdC1uTmtXemRFN3Q3OHkxYk9WWHc4MnAtVDdnWEVyVXFERjFtVGV4cw.. |access-date=May 31, 2021 |website=Rainbow Nigeria |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213338/https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/10/08/state-governors-and-their-deputies-2/?_gl=1*1ks7sm*_ga*a3BDcWhmU3phVndTOUdnVVRxci10eVBOdC1uTmtXemRFN3Q3OHkxYk9WWHc4MnAtVDdnWEVyVXFERjFtVGV4cw.. |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Niger|Gwamnan Jihar Neja]] ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a. == Sakamakon == Akwai jam'iyyun siyasa guda biyar da [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe ta Tarayya]] (FEDECO) ta yi rajista don shiga cikin zaben. Malam [[Awwal Ibrahim]] na [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|NPN]] ya lashe gasar ta hanyar jefa kuri'u mafi girma<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hart, C. |date=1993 |title=The Nigerian Elections of 1983 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161428 |format=JSTOR |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=397–418 |doi=10.2307/1161428 |jstor=1161428 |s2cid=145591693 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=33. Nigeria (1960-present) |url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/ |access-date=May 20, 2021 |publisher=[[University of Central Arkansas]] |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Siyasa a Najeriya]] orlrmbf2wlgii2lb162v79tbo8xpefh 0 106038 824069 663049 2026-04-22T08:49:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Tatari Ali]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na NPN . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83 |url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=countrystudies.us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-12-02 |title=THISDAYonline |url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/11/10/20011110cov02.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051202191041/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/11/10/20011110cov02.html |archive-date=December 2, 2005 |access-date=2021-05-20}}</ref> Zaben gwamna na Jihar Bauchi na 1983 ya faru ne a Najeriya a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, 1983. Dan takarar [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|NPN]] [[Tatari Ali]] ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke wasu 'yan takara <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=Nigeria: Where Are Second Republic Governors? |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604161632/https://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html |archive-date=June 4, 2011 |access-date=2009-01-13 |website=This Day}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Okpu |first=Ugbana |date=1985 |title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174204 |journal=Africa Spectrum |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=191–209 |issn=0002-0397 |jstor=40174204}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Odang |date=September 19, 2020 |title=Nigeria Second Republic Governors - Rainbownigeria |url=https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/09/19/nigeria-second-republic-governors/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428000147/https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/09/19/nigeria-second-republic-governors/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Tatari Ali]] ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|NPN]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hart |first=Christopher |date=1993 |title=The Nigerian elections of 1983 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/abs/nigerian-elections-of-1983/932FDD8E5CD8E04409A3BAF03D126128 |journal=Africa |language=en |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=397–418 |doi=10.2307/1161428 |issn=1750-0184 |jstor=1161428 |s2cid=145591693 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=33. Nigeria (1960-present) |url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/ |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=uca.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elections in Nigeria |url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng_governorship.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=africanelections.tripod.com}}</ref> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwanonin Jihar Bauchi|Gwamnan Jihar Bauchi]] ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a. == Zaben fidda gwani == === NPN na farko === [[Tatari Ali]] ne ya lashe Zaben fidda gwani na NPN . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83 |url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=countrystudies.us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-12-02 |title=THISDAYonline |url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/11/10/20011110cov02.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051202191041/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/11/10/20011110cov02.html |archive-date=December 2, 2005 |access-date=2021-05-20}}</ref> == Manazarta == tbkgqs86rvvap72n5g9eugb2is54j89 0 106115 824023 662860 2026-04-22T08:37:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zaben gwamna na jihar Bendel na 1983''' ya faru ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, 1983. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hart, C. |date=1993 |title=The Nigerian Elections of 1983 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161428 |format=JSTOR |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=397–418 |doi=10.2307/1161428 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Elections Database |url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng_governorship.html |access-date=May 17, 2021 |publisher=African Elections}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=33. Nigeria (1960-present) |url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/ |access-date=May 18, 2021 |publisher=[[University of Central Arkansas]] |archive-date=June 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613133852/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/nigeria-1960-present/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Samuel Ogbemudia]] na [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|NPN]] ya lashe zaben a karo na farko, inda ya kayar da babban dan takarar [[Jam'iyyar Unity Party of Nigeria|UPN]] na adawa, [[Ambrose Folorunsho Alli|Ambrose Alli]], da sauran 'yan takarar jam'iyya a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo, Ademola |date=January 13, 2009 |title=Where Are Second Republic Governors? |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=2 |access-date=May 18, 2021 |website=All Africa |publisher=ThisDay}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2001 |title=PDP's Men of Power |url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/11/10/20011110cov02.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051202191041/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/11/10/20011110cov02.html |archive-date=December 2, 2005 |access-date=May 18, 2021 |publisher=ThisDay}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE SECOND REPUBLIC, 1979-83 |url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/29.htm |access-date=May 18, 2021 |publisher=Countryside Studies}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Okpu |first=Ugbana |date=1985 |title=Inter-Party Political Relations in Nigeria 1979-1983 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40174204 |format=JSTOR |journal=Africa Spectrum |publisher=Sage Publications, Ltd. |volume=20 |pages=191–209 |jstor=40174204 |access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian States |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528072649/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm |archive-date=May 28, 2010 |access-date=May 28, 2021 |publisher=World Statesmen}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Midwest/Bendel/Edo state Governors 1963-Date |url=http://www.edoworld.net/Governors_1963_to_date.html |access-date=May 28, 2021 |publisher=EdoWorld}}</ref> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar Gwamnan Jihar Bendel ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a. == Sakamakon == Dan takarar [[Jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria|NPN]], [[Samuel Ogbemudia]] ya kayar da Gwamna mai ci, [[Ambrose Folorunsho Alli|Ambrose Alli]] na [[Jam'iyyar Unity Party of Nigeria|UPN]] don lashe gasar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} gg0nmx8u4bzh4rd40dsoaka2jmfx8u3 0 106371 823819 721342 2026-04-21T20:11:07Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Ossewabrandwag (OB) (lafazin Afirka: [ˈɔsəˌvɑːˌbrantvaχ], daga Afrikaans: ossewa, lit. 'ox-wagon' da Afrikaans: brandwag, lit. 'guard, picket, sentinel, sentry' - Ox-wagon na kasa da kasa Sentinel kungiyar tare da National Sentinel Sentinel kungiyar Ox-wagon Socialism, wanda aka kafa a Afirka ta Kudu a Bloemfontein a ranar 4 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1939. Ya kasance mai tsananin adawa da shiga Afirka ta Kudu a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] da kuma nuna goyon baya ga Nazi Jamus.<ref>The “Ossewabrandwag” is founded,</ref> A ƙarshen 1940, Ossewabrandwag ya shirya wani tawaye na goyon bayan Jamus a kan Firayim Minista Jan Smuts, duk da cewa shirin ya ƙare<ref>"Pro-Nazi Subversion in South Africa"</ref> Kungiyar ta OB ta gudanar da wani kamfe na zagon kasa ga ababen more rayuwa a jihar, wanda ya haifar da danne gwamnati. An bayar da shawarar rashin amincewa da wannan murkushewa a matsayin abin da ya taimaka wajen samun nasarar jam'iyyar National Party a babban zaben Afirka ta Kudu na 1948 da kuma bullar wariyar launin fata. ==Fage== A lokacin zamanin Napoleonic, abin da a baya ya kasance yankin [[Holand]] Cape Colony sojojin ruwa na Royal sun kwace shi don hana shi fadawa karkashin mulkin Faransa. Bayan da aka ci Napoleon I a ƙarshe a shekara ta 1815, Daular Biritaniya ta ƙi ba da ikon mulkin mallaka zuwa Netherlands. Yawancin mutanen Cape Colony na mazauna Holland sun nuna rashin jin daɗin rayuwa a ƙarƙashin mulkin Burtaniya, musamman waɗanda ke kan iyakar Cape, waɗanda aka fi sani da "Boers". A shekara ta 1834 sokewar da majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi na bautar da ake yi a Cape Colony, ya kara nuna kyama ga mulkin Birtaniya wanda ya haifar da gudun hijirar Boers daga mulkin mallaka zuwa cikin Afirka a wani abin da daga baya ya zama sananne da Babban Trek. A ƙarshe 'yan gudun hijirar Boer sun kafa Ƙasar 'Yanci ta Orange da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1881, an tabbatar da samun ‘yancin kai na wadannan jihohi bayan nasarar da suka samu a kan Daular Burtaniya a takaitaccen yakin Boer na farko. Bayan gano tarin tarin zinari da ma'adinai a yankin Boer, yaki ya sake barkewa a shekara ta 1899. A shekara ta 1902, Burtaniya ta yi galaba a kan jamhuriyar Boer guda biyu, ta yi galaba a kan Boer mai taurin kai ta hanyar amfani da wata manufa ta duniya mai zafi da kuma tilasta wa fararen hular Boer shiga sansanonin taro.<ref>'Volk' Faith and Fatherland. The Security Threat Posed by the White Right</ref> ==1930s== Babban abin hawa na Afirkaner nationalism a wannan lokacin shi ne "Purified National Party" na D. F. Malan, wanda ya rabu da Jam'iyyar National Party a lokacin da karshen hade tare da Smuts 'Afirka ta Kudu Party a 1934. Wani muhimmin kashi shi ne Afrikaner Broederbond, wata al'umma mai sirri da aka kafa a 1918, kuma ta sadaukar da shawarar da aka ba da shawarar cewa "Afrika ta kasa da kasa. <ref>"Pro-Nazi Subversion in South Africa",</ref> <ref>""Ossewabrandwag" at About.com, Alistair Boddy-Evans"</ref> An kafa Ossewabrandwag bisa hukuma a cikin 1938 don tunawa da shekara ɗari na Babban Trek. Galibin bakin hauren sun yi tafiya ne a cikin karukan da aka jana, don haka sunan kungiyar. Shugaban kungiyar shine Johannes Van Rensburg, lauya wanda ya taba zama Sakataren Shari'a a karkashin Jan Smuts kuma ya goyi bayan gwamnatin Nazi a Jamus.<ref>""Ossewabrandwag" at About.com, Alistair Boddy-Evans"</ref> <ref>Oxwagon Sentinel: Radical Afrikaner Nationalism and the History of the 'Ossewabrandwag'</ref> <ref>ISBN</ref> A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu Mayakan Boer na Ossebrandwag (OB) sun kasance masu adawa da Birtaniya da kuma tausayi ga Nazi Jamus. Don haka OB ya yi adawa da shiga Afirka ta Kudu a yakin, ko da bayan kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta ayyana yaki don goyon bayan Biritaniya a watan Satumba na 1939. Ya zuwa 1941, OB yana da mambobi kusan 350,000.<ref>"Ossewabrandwag -- Who were the Ossewabrandwag"</ref> Membobin OB sun ƙi shiga cikin UDF kuma wasu lokuta suna tursasa masu hidima a cikin kakin. Wannan ya barke a fili cikin tarzoma a birnin Johannesburg a ranar 1 ga Fabrairun 1941; Sojoji 140 sun ji rauni sosai<ref>Penguin Books,</ref> Mafi haɗari shine samuwar Stormjaers (Mafarauta), wani reshe na OB. Halin Stormjaers ya kasance shaida ta rantsuwar rantsuwa da sababbin ma'aikata suka yi: "Idan na ja da baya, ku harbe ni. Idan na fadi, ku rama ni. Idan na caje ku, ku bi ni"<ref>Botha Smuts And South Africa</ref> ==Akida== Spy na Nazi Spy A Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya yi akai-akai a cikin 1944 ya bayyana cewa Obcin Social Compredistism "<ref>Johannes Van Rensburg,</ref> a kan gurguzanci na kasa da aka kama daga wani" sha'awar "<ref> ""Carrying the torch forward": The role of the youth wing of the Ossewa-Brandwag, 1939-1952"</ref> zuwa "Yarda da juna" <ref> ]Influence of National Socialist ideology on the South African Nationalist party 1939-1945</ref> Dangane guda, Pierre L Berghe, ya tabbatar da cewa, yayin da akwai daidaici, ba da dama ba, ob Reentel ba. [<ref>University of California Press</ref> An ambaci wannan rukunin a cikin tashar tashar Teleshon na [[Ispaniya|Spain]] Revoluci xn Motsa-Nazi na hanzarta-Nazi. <ref>"Comunicación política a través de Telegram: el caso de Revolución Identitaria (RI)"</ref> <ref>"Comunicación política a través de Telegram: el caso de Revolución Identitaria (RI)"</ref> ==Manazarta== eh3bbx3r53kla6d5g7vvhp8znk82xcz 823820 823819 2026-04-21T20:11:27Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Ossewabrandwag (OB) (lafazin Afirka: [ˈɔsəˌvɑːˌbrantvaχ], daga Afrikaans: ossewa, lit. 'ox-wagon' da Afrikaans: brandwag, lit. 'guard, picket, sentinel, sentry' - Ox-wagon na kasa da kasa Sentinel kungiyar tare da National Sentinel Sentinel kungiyar Ox-wagon Socialism, wanda aka kafa a Afirka ta Kudu a Bloemfontein a ranar 4 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1939. Ya kasance mai tsananin adawa da shiga Afirka ta Kudu a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] da kuma nuna goyon baya ga Nazi Jamus.<ref>The “Ossewabrandwag” is founded,</ref> A ƙarshen 1940, Ossewabrandwag ya shirya wani tawaye na goyon bayan Jamus a kan Firayim Minista Jan Smuts, duk da cewa shirin ya ƙare<ref>"Pro-Nazi Subversion in South Africa"</ref> Kungiyar ta OB ta gudanar da wani kamfe na zagon kasa ga ababen more rayuwa a jihar, wanda ya haifar da danne gwamnati. An bayar da shawarar rashin amincewa da wannan murkushewa a matsayin abin da ya taimaka wajen samun nasarar jam'iyyar National Party a babban zaben Afirka ta Kudu na 1948 da kuma bullar wariyar launin fata. ==Fage== A lokacin zamanin Napoleonic, abin da a baya ya kasance yankin [[Holand]] Cape Colony sojojin ruwa na Royal sun kwace shi don hana shi fadawa karkashin mulkin Faransa. Bayan da aka ci Napoleon I a ƙarshe a shekara ta 1815, Daular Biritaniya ta ƙi ba da ikon mulkin mallaka zuwa Netherlands. Yawancin mutanen Cape Colony na mazauna Holland sun nuna rashin jin daɗin rayuwa a ƙarƙashin mulkin Burtaniya, musamman waɗanda ke kan iyakar Cape, waɗanda aka fi sani da "Boers". A shekara ta 1834 sokewar da majalisar dokokin kasar ta yi na bautar da ake yi a Cape Colony, ya kara nuna kyama ga mulkin Birtaniya wanda ya haifar da gudun hijirar Boers daga mulkin mallaka zuwa cikin Afirka a wani abin da daga baya ya zama sananne da Babban Trek. A ƙarshe 'yan gudun hijirar Boer sun kafa Ƙasar 'Yanci ta Orange da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1881, an tabbatar da samun ‘yancin kai na wadannan jihohi bayan nasarar da suka samu a kan Daular Burtaniya a takaitaccen yakin Boer na farko. Bayan gano tarin tarin zinari da ma'adinai a yankin Boer, yaki ya sake barkewa a shekara ta 1899. A shekara ta 1902, Burtaniya ta yi galaba a kan jamhuriyar Boer guda biyu, ta yi galaba a kan Boer mai taurin kai ta hanyar amfani da wata manufa ta duniya mai zafi da kuma tilasta wa fararen hular Boer shiga sansanonin taro.<ref>'Volk' Faith and Fatherland. The Security Threat Posed by the White Right</ref> ==1930s== Babban abin hawa na Afirkaner nationalism a wannan lokacin shi ne "Purified National Party" na D. F. Malan, wanda ya rabu da Jam'iyyar National Party a lokacin da karshen hade tare da Smuts 'Afirka ta Kudu Party a 1934. Wani muhimmin kashi shi ne Afrikaner Broederbond, wata al'umma mai sirri da aka kafa a shekara ta 1918, kuma ta sadaukar da shawarar da aka ba da shawarar cewa "Afrika ta kasa da kasa. <ref>"Pro-Nazi Subversion in South Africa",</ref> <ref>""Ossewabrandwag" at About.com, Alistair Boddy-Evans"</ref> An kafa Ossewabrandwag bisa hukuma a cikin 1938 don tunawa da shekara ɗari na Babban Trek. Galibin bakin hauren sun yi tafiya ne a cikin karukan da aka jana, don haka sunan kungiyar. Shugaban kungiyar shine Johannes Van Rensburg, lauya wanda ya taba zama Sakataren Shari'a a karkashin Jan Smuts kuma ya goyi bayan gwamnatin Nazi a Jamus.<ref>""Ossewabrandwag" at About.com, Alistair Boddy-Evans"</ref> <ref>Oxwagon Sentinel: Radical Afrikaner Nationalism and the History of the 'Ossewabrandwag'</ref> <ref>ISBN</ref> A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu Mayakan Boer na Ossebrandwag (OB) sun kasance masu adawa da Birtaniya da kuma tausayi ga Nazi Jamus. Don haka OB ya yi adawa da shiga Afirka ta Kudu a yakin, ko da bayan kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta ayyana yaki don goyon bayan Biritaniya a watan Satumba na 1939. Ya zuwa 1941, OB yana da mambobi kusan 350,000.<ref>"Ossewabrandwag -- Who were the Ossewabrandwag"</ref> Membobin OB sun ƙi shiga cikin UDF kuma wasu lokuta suna tursasa masu hidima a cikin kakin. Wannan ya barke a fili cikin tarzoma a birnin Johannesburg a ranar 1 ga Fabrairun 1941; Sojoji 140 sun ji rauni sosai<ref>Penguin Books,</ref> Mafi haɗari shine samuwar Stormjaers (Mafarauta), wani reshe na OB. Halin Stormjaers ya kasance shaida ta rantsuwar rantsuwa da sababbin ma'aikata suka yi: "Idan na ja da baya, ku harbe ni. Idan na fadi, ku rama ni. Idan na caje ku, ku bi ni"<ref>Botha Smuts And South Africa</ref> ==Akida== Spy na Nazi Spy A Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya yi akai-akai a cikin 1944 ya bayyana cewa Obcin Social Compredistism "<ref>Johannes Van Rensburg,</ref> a kan gurguzanci na kasa da aka kama daga wani" sha'awar "<ref> ""Carrying the torch forward": The role of the youth wing of the Ossewa-Brandwag, 1939-1952"</ref> zuwa "Yarda da juna" <ref> ]Influence of National Socialist ideology on the South African Nationalist party 1939-1945</ref> Dangane guda, Pierre L Berghe, ya tabbatar da cewa, yayin da akwai daidaici, ba da dama ba, ob Reentel ba. [<ref>University of California Press</ref> An ambaci wannan rukunin a cikin tashar tashar Teleshon na [[Ispaniya|Spain]] Revoluci xn Motsa-Nazi na hanzarta-Nazi. <ref>"Comunicación política a través de Telegram: el caso de Revolución Identitaria (RI)"</ref> <ref>"Comunicación política a través de Telegram: el caso de Revolución Identitaria (RI)"</ref> ==Manazarta== hytz8pnnjoiqowckrq55y9juvwktlp2 0 106543 823759 666059 2026-04-21T16:13:31Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 823759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Rikicin ƙasa na kakanninmu a kan Tsakiyar Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) ya tashi a cikin 1970s tsakanin [[Botswana]]" Gwamnatin Botswana da [[Mutanen San|Mutanen San (Bushmen)]] , kuma yana ci gaba, wanda ya haifar da ɗayan shari'o'in kotu mafi tsada a tarihin Botswana. A cikin shekarun 1970s, rikici ya fara ne game da kokarin sake komawa da Gwamnatin Botswana (GOB) ta yi, wanda ya haifar da wasu sake zama a waje da ajiyar a cikin shekarun 1990. Saboda gwagwarmayar da ke gudana tsakanin [[Mutanen San]] da GOB game da haƙƙin ƙasa, an kafa "Mutanen farko na Kalahari," ƙungiyar da ke ba da shawara ga haƙƙin mutanen San. Tattaunawar ta shafi ko gano lu'u-lu'u a ajiya, na iya zama dalilin da ya sa gwamnatin Botswana ta kuma yi kokarin sake komawa. A shekara ta 2002, gwamnati ta yanke duk ayyukan da ke ga mazaunan CKGR. An fara yakin shari'a, kuma a cikin 2006 Babban Kotun Botswana ta yanke hukuncin cewa an cire mazauna da karfi kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba. Manufofin sake komawa sun ci gaba, duk da haka, kuma a cikin 2012 mutanen San sun yi kira ga [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da ta tilasta wa gwamnati ta amince da ƙasarsu da haƙƙin albarkatunsu. == Tarihi == === Mutanen San === [[Fayil:Wandering_hunters_(Masarwa_bushmen),_North_Kalahari_Desert.jpg|alt=group of men standing in the open with spears and other traditional hunting gear|thumb|Masu farauta masu yawo (Basarwa Bushmen), hamada ta Arewacin Kalahari, c. 1892, daga hoto na Henry Anderson Bryden]] [[Mutanen San]] (ko ''Basarwa''{{R|Anaya}}, wanda aka fi sani da "Bushmen"{{R|Anton & Shelton}}), suna ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin al'adu a Duniya; sun zauna a yankin da ke kusa da hamadar Kalahari fiye da kungiyoyin kabilun makwabta. Yawancin ƙasashen kabilanci a Botswana, gami da ƙasar da San suka mamaye, sun ɓace a lokacin [[Kasa Afrika|Mulkin mallaka na Turai]], kuma tsarin asarar ƙasa da samun damar albarkatun ƙasa ya ci gaba bayan 'yancin Botswana. : 2 San sun sha wahala musamman a tsawon lokaci ta hanyar mamayewa daga yawancin kabilun da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba a kan ƙasashen da San ke amfani da su. Manufofin gwamnati da suka fara a cikin shekarun 1970 sun canja wani muhimmin yanki na al'adun San zuwa ga Turawa mazauna da yawancin kabilun noma-pastoralist.<ref name="Anaya" /> : 15 Yawancin manufofin gwamnati game da ƙasa sun nuna goyon baya ga ƙabilar Tswana mafi rinjaye a kan 'yan tsiraru San da Bakgalagadi.<ref name="Anaya" /> : 2 James Anaya, a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na musamman game da halin da ake ciki na haƙƙin ɗan adam da kuma 'yanci na asali na' yan asalin ƙasar ga [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], ya bayyana asarar ƙasa a matsayin babban mai ba da gudummawa ga yawancin matsalolin da ke fuskantar' yan asalin Botswana, yana mai ambaton korar San daga Tsakiyar Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) a matsayin misali na musamman.<ref name="Anaya" /> : 2 {{Rp|2}} === Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Kalahari === [[Fayil:Bushmen_in_the_Kalahari.jpg|thumb|Bushmen a cikin Kalahari]] A cikin shekarun 1950, [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], da Biritaniya sun kara damuwa game da yawan 'yan tsiraru a Afirka.<ref name=":04">{{Cite journal |last=Hitchcock |first=Robert K. |date=2002 |title='We are the First People': Land, Natural Resources and Identity in the Central Kalahari, Botswana |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=797–824 |doi=10.1080/0305707022000043520 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=823352 |s2cid=146291403}}</ref> Sun kaddamar da bincike da kamfen don samun ƙarin fahimta game da matsalolin da 'yan tsiraru ke fuskanta a Afirka. A Botswana, "akwai matsin lamba daga wasu tushe don canje-canje a yadda aka bi da San, tare da wasu masana suna ba da shawarar cewa a ba San wani wuri na kansu. " <ref name=":04" /> A shekara ta 1958, Gwamnatin Bechuanaland Protectorate ta sanya George Silberbauer don yin bincike da neman ƙuduri ga batutuwan da ke fuskantar mutanen San. A sakamakon bincikensa, a cikin 1961, an kafa Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) don ba San wani wuri na kansu da kuma kare tsire-tsire da dabbobi da ke kewaye da su. Kodayake Silberbauer yana son kafa "tsarin mutane", a lokacin, babu wata doka da ta ba da izini.<ref name=":04" /> Koyaya, CKGR "na musamman ne saboda an halicce shi ba kawai a matsayin ajiyar yanayi ba har ma don kare haƙƙin kusan mutane 5000, galibi San, da ke zaune a cikin iyakokinta, waɗanda ke son kula da salon rayuwarsu na farauta-mai tarawa".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=Julie J. |date=2007 |title=Celebrating San Victory Too Soon?: Reflections on the Outcome of the Central Kalahari Game Reserve Case |journal=Anthropology Today |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=3–5 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-8322.2007.00534.x |issn=0268-540X |jstor=4620383}}</ref> == Mutanen farko na Kalahari == A matsayin kungiya don wakiltar da kuma ba da shawara ga mutanen San a lokacin rikice-rikice na farko, John Hardbattle, [[Roy Sesana]], da Aron Johannes ne suka kafa "Mutanen farko na Kalahari," a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1993.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hitchcock |first=Robert K. |date=2002 |title='We are the First People': Land, Natural Resources and Identity in the Central Kalahari, Botswana |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=797–824 |doi=10.1080/0305707022000043520 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=823352 |s2cid=146291403}}</ref> Halitta wannan kungiyar bayar da shawarwari ta kasance sakamakon gwagwarmayar da ke gudana don 'yan tsiraru da' yancin albarkatu. Mutanen San sun ji kamar suna buƙatar wakili don bayyana bukatunsu da taimakawa tare da gwagwarmayar su don daidaito a Botswana. Tsakanin 1986 da 1989, San da sauran kungiyoyin 'yan tsiraru a cikin CKGR sun kasance masu aiki a siyasa kuma sun kafa Asusun Ci gaban Kuru, <ref name=":0" /> wata kungiya mai ma'ana da burin ci gaban al'umma.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Winters |first=Olivia Jane |date=2019 |title=The Botswana Bushmen's Fight for Water & Land Rights in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve |journal=Consilience |issue=21 |pages=172–186 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26775090}}</ref> Asusun Ci gaban Kuru yana da mahimmanci a kafa "Mutanen Farko na Kalahari," saboda ya ba da kuɗi kuma saboda ya ƙarfafa wanda ya kafa shi, John Hardbattle, ya wakilci da kuma ba da shawara ga San.<ref name=":0" /> "Mutanen farko na Kalahari" sun wakilci mutanen San a Taron San na farko na kasa da kasa a Windhoek da kuma Taron San ya Biyu na kasa da Kasa a [[Gaborone]] a watan Oktoba 1993. A cikin waɗannan tarurruka, masu magana da yawun San sun gano matsalolin da San ke fuskanta, kamar "talauci, warewa daga ƙasa da albarkatu, rashin wakilcin siyasa a matakin ƙasa, cin zarafin ma'aikata, nuna bambanci, rashin kulawa da aka biya musamman ga San amma maimakon mayar da hankali kan ƙungiyar da aka ayyana ta hanyar bureaucratically da aka sani da Mazaunan Yankin Tsakiya, da kuma gazawar Gwamnatin Botswana don tallafawa haƙƙin ƙasa, haƙƙin al'adu da haƙƙin ci gaban mutanen San" <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hitchcock |first=Robert K. |date=2002 |title='We are the First People': Land, Natural Resources and Identity in the Central Kalahari, Botswana |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=797–824 |doi=10.1080/0305707022000043520 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=823352 |s2cid=146291403}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Hitchcock, Robert K. (2002). "'We are the First People': Land, Natural Resources and Identity in the Central Kalahari, Botswana". ''Journal of Southern African Studies''. '''28''' (4): <span class="nowrap">797–</span>824. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/0305707022000043520|10.1080/0305707022000043520]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-7070 0305-7070]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/823352 823352]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146291403 146291403].</cite></ref> A ƙarshe, waɗannan tarurrukan sun haifar da rajistar "Mutanen farko na Kalaharione da kuma sun amince da su a matsayin ƙungiyar da su na 1994 da su".<ref name=":0" /> "Mutanen farko na Kalahari. " za su jagoranci mutanen San zuwa "mafi girman juriya ta tarihi da aiki" a kan kokarin gwamnati na sake dawo da su.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Marobela |first=Motsomi Ndala |date=2010 |title=The State, Mining and the Community: The Case of Basarwa of the Central Kalahari Game Reserve in Botswana |journal=Labour, Capital and Society / Travail, Capital et Société |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=137–154 |issn=0706-1706 |jstor=43158366}}</ref> A shekara ta 2002, mutanen San, tare da wakilan su, sun kai gwamnatin Botswana kotu don yin gwagwarmaya don haƙƙinsu na kasancewa a cikin CKGR da samun damar albarkatun ƙasa a ciki.<ref name=":5" /> Daga ƙarshe a cikin 2006, Babban Kotun Botswana ta amince da haƙƙin mutanen San su zauna a cikin ajiyar.<ref name=":5" /> == Diamonds da rikice-rikicen ƙasa == A yau, [[tattalin arzikin Botswana]] ya dogara sosai da fitar da lu'u-lu'u. '''<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last=Winters |first=Olivia Jane |date=2019 |title=The Botswana Bushmen's Fight for Water & Land Rights in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve |journal=Consilience |issue=21 |pages=172–186 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26775090}}</ref>''' Tare da gano lu'u-lu'u a shekarar 1967, sun kai kashi hamsin cikin dari na GDP na Botswana. Koyaya, kafin gano lu'u-lu'u, Botswana ta dogara sosai da aikin gona. Botswana na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi talauci a duniya, tare da GDP na kowane mutum na dala 80 a kowace shekara. Akwai da'awar cewa GOB yayi ƙoƙari ya sake komawa mutanen San ya motsa ta hanyar gano lu'u-lu'u a cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Kalahari Game Reserve a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. <ref name=":22" /> Survival International ta bayyana cewa "An zargi wadatattun ajiyar lu'u-lu'u na ajiyar don fitar da Bushmen daga gwamnati". <ref name=":22" /> Wasu sun jaddada cewa muhawara ta GOB don sake komawa mutanen San, kamar ci gaba da kiyaye dabbobi, sun saba wa ayyukan gwamnati kamar yanke samar da ruwa, wanda ke hana ci gaban su. <ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=First People of the Kalahari: the struggle for ancestral lands |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/material/280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013231846/https://www.survivalinternational.org/material/280 |archive-date=2022-10-13 |access-date=2020-04-03 |website=www.survivalinternational.org}}</ref> A shekara ta 2002, shugaban Botswana, Festus Mogae, ya yi jayayya cewa kokarin sake dawo da mutane daga CKGR ba shi da alaƙa da duk wani shirin [[hakar ma'adinai]] na gaba ko hakar ma-adinai a cikin ajiyar.<ref name=":22" /> Koyaya, wasu sun bayyana cewa "ma'adinai na lu'u-lu'u yanzu shine ainihin tattalin arzikin Botswana... Kusan dukkanin ci gaban Botswana a cikin ababen more rayuwa, kiwon lafiya, da ilimi sakamakon kudaden shiga ne na lu'u-lu'u. "<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sarkin |first=Jeremy |date=1998 |title=The Development of a Human Rights Culture in South Africa |journal=Human Rights Quarterly |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=628–665 |doi=10.1353/hrq.1998.0032 |issn=1085-794X |s2cid=143091817}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ana ɗaukar CKGR a matsayin "mafi wadataccen yanki mai samar da lu'u-lu'u a duniya" [1] == Rikicin farko == Kodayake an kafa Cibiyar Tsakiyar Kalahari (CKGR) don kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru, tsakanin shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980, an fara neman ƙaura da mutanen San.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Hitchcock |first=Robert K. |date=2002 |title='We are the First People': Land, Natural Resources and Identity in the Central Kalahari, Botswana |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=797–824 |doi=10.1080/0305707022000043520 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=823352 |s2cid=146291403}}</ref> Gwamnatin Botswana (GOB) ta yi iƙirarin cewa akwai raguwar dabbobi saboda yawan farauta da mutanen San suka yi don rayuwarsu. Har ila yau, akwai gardamar cewa matsayin "tsarin wasan" ya toshe yiwuwar fadada ayyuka, kamar asibitoci, makarantu, da 'yan sanda, waɗanda ke samuwa ga jama'a a cikin ajiyar.<ref name=":02" /> Kodayake kiran sake komawa ya fara, ba a dauki wani mataki na ainihi ba.<ref name=":02" /> A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, muhawara game da abin da za a yi da mutanen San ya ci gaba, kuma tashin hankali ya tashi tsakanin mutanen San da gwamnati, yana kawo hankalin duniya game da haƙƙin mutanen San.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Hitchcock |first=Robert K. |date=2002 |title='We are the First People': Land, Natural Resources and Identity in the Central Kalahari, Botswana |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=797–824 |doi=10.1080/0305707022000043520 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=823352 |s2cid=146291403}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Hitchcock, Robert K. (2002). "'We are the First People': Land, Natural Resources and Identity in the Central Kalahari, Botswana". ''Journal of Southern African Studies''. '''28''' (4): <span class="nowrap">797–</span>824. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/0305707022000043520|10.1080/0305707022000043520]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-7070 0305-7070]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/823352 823352]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146291403 146291403].</cite></ref> A watan Agustan 1985, Ministan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu, MPK Nwako, GOB ta tura shi zuwa CKGR don samar da rahoto game da halin da ake ciki kuma ta gabatar da mafita.<ref name=":02" /> Tare da sanarwa, a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1986, an fitar da takarda mai suna White wanda ya bayyana cewa sabon manufofin GOB ya lura cewa waɗanda ke zaune a cikin ajiyar za a sake komawa wani wuri.<ref name=":02" /> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1986, "GOB ta ba da sanarwar cewa ƙauyuka na shirin "Remote Area Dweller" (RAD), wanda ya ba da sabis ga San, da sauransu, daga wannan lokacin zuwa gaba za a kafa shi ne kawai a waje da CKGR. " GOB ta yi iƙirarin cewa sake komawa zai zama da fa'ida ga San saboda ana iya rarraba ayyukan da kyau a waje da ajiyar tunda yana da wahala a yi haka a cikin ajiyar.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Sarkin |first=Jeremy |date=1998 |title=The Development of a Human Rights Culture in South Africa |journal=Human Rights Quarterly |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=628–665 |doi=10.1353/hrq.1998.0032 |issn=1085-794X |s2cid=143091817}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, gwamnati ta bayyana cewa dole ne a sake komawa mutanen San saboda sun haifar da barazana ga namun daji.<ref name=":12" /> Koyaya, mazaunan ajiyar sun halarci abin da aka sani da "Kgotla," tarurrukan majalisa na gida a garin Ghanzi, inda suka nuna damuwarsu kuma, a ƙarshe, an cece su daga sake komawa. [[Fayil:BushmenSan.jpg|thumb|Bushmen (San) ]] == Rikicin 2012-2013 == A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012 Basarwa ta yi kira ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Dindindin kan Batutuwan 'Yan asalin ƙasar, ta nemi Majalisar Dinkinobho ta tilasta wa gwamnati ta amince da ƙasarsu da haƙƙin albarkatunsu. Taron ya amince da jerin shawarwari tara da ke magance tasirin kwace ƙasa da kuma hana 'yan asalin ƙasar. : 7 Gwamnati sake komawa ya ci gaba a cikin shekara a yammacin Ranyane. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2013, Babban Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa dole ne gwamnati ta dakatar da ƙaurawar iyalai daga ƙauyen Ranyane. Kungiyoyin ba da agaji sun ba da rahoton cewa gwamnati ta sake komawa iyalai da yawa daga Ranyane bayan hukuncin Kotun Koli kuma sun yi zargin cewa jami'an gwamnati sun kafa kansu a Ranyane don gudanar da kamfen don sa mazauna su ƙaura daga ƙauyensu, a wani bangare ta hanyar toshe damar samun ruwa kawai.<ref name="StateDept" /> : 20–21 {{Rp|20&ndash;21}} Survival International ta ba da rahoton cewa an shirya wasu San a Ranyane don a kore su daga ƙasar kakanninsu don ƙirƙirar hanyar namun daji, wanda aka sani da '''Yammacin Kgalagadi Conservation Corridor'''. <ref name="Conservation Corridors in South-western Botswana">{{Cite web |title=Conservation Corridors in South-western Botswana |url=http://www.ffem.fr/webdav/site/ffem/shared/ELEMENTS_COMMUNS/U_ADMINISTRATEUR/6-MEDIAS/ArticlesPresse/ProjetBotswana_African_Geographic_Dec_Jan_2008.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617165151/http://www.ffem.fr/webdav/site/ffem/shared/ELEMENTS_COMMUNS/U_ADMINISTRATEUR/6-MEDIAS/ArticlesPresse/ProjetBotswana_African_Geographic_Dec_Jan_2008.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-17 |access-date=27 May 2013 |website=ffem.fr |publisher=Conservation International}}</ref> Wakilin gwamnatin Botswana Jeff Ramsay ya musanta duk wani shirin fitar da shi. Wani mai fafutukar Survival International ya ce, "Ban san yadda gwamnati za ta iya cewa [...] cewa ba sa shirin korar su lokacin da Ranyane Bushmen ke kai gwamnati kotu don dakatar da cirewa. " An gabatar da sabon shari'a a madadin mazauna. Dangane da korafin da aka shigar a madadin mazauna, kotun ta ba da umarni a watan Yunin 2013 wanda ya hana gwamnati sake dawo da mazauna daga Ranyane da kuma toshe hanyar shiga bututun ruwa, shiga kowane gida ba tare da izinin mazauna ba, da kuma cire mazauna ba tare da fara sanar da lauyoyin al'umma ba. : 21 {{Rp|21}} A watan Agustan 2013 lauyoyi na mutanen Basarwa sun shigar da karar Kotun Koli inda masu shigar da kara na asali daga shari'ar CKGR ta 2006 suka yi kira ga gwamnati don samun damar shiga CKGR ba tare da iyaka ba ga 'ya'yansu da danginsu (watau ba tare da izini ba). An kori karar ne saboda dalilai na fasaha, tare da izinin da kotun ta bayar don sake shigar da sabon aikace-aikace. : 7, 20 A cikin wani yunkuri da jama'a da kafofin watsa labarai na cikin gida suka soki, gwamnati ta kara da lauyan masu neman Basarwa, ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya da ke da alaƙa da Survival International, zuwa jerin mutanen da dole ne su nemi biza don shiga ƙasar. Duk da yake gwamnati ta musanta zargin cewa ta shirya hana lauyan daga kasar, ba ta ba shi biza a kan lokaci don ya shiga cikin sauraron Babban Kotun Agusta ba.<ref name="StateDept2" /> : 20 Lauyan, Gordon Bennett, ya ce, "Hakkin yin shari'a mai adalci yawanci ya haɗa da haƙƙin wakiltar lauyan da kuka zaɓa. Ba a Botswana ba, a bayyane yake - ko aƙalla ba idan kun kai karar Gwamnati ba. " Wani sakon Facebook na gwamnatin Botswana ya bayyana cewa Ma'aikatar Shige da Fice ta ƙi buƙatar Bennett don biza, ta bayyana shi a matsayin "an gabatar da gajeren sanarwa" Wani sakon Facebook ya ce Ministan Harkokin Ayyuka da Gida, Mai Girma [[Edwin Batshu]], ya kare wannan matakin ya fara ne a matsayin "a ranar 29 ga watan Yuli".<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2013 |title=Bushman court case begins |url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/9414 |access-date=2014-02-19 |publisher=Survival International}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Mutanen farko na Kalahari * Addinin San * Tattaunawar Kalahari * Negro na Banyoles == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dp5kkyp317pvfigan1itqmpwezc6air 823761 823759 2026-04-21T16:13:50Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 823761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Rikicin ƙasa na kakanninmu a kan Tsakiyar Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) ya tashi a cikin 1970s tsakanin [[Botswana]]" Gwamnatin Botswana da [[Mutanen San|Mutanen San (Bushmen)]] , kuma yana ci gaba, wanda ya haifar da ɗayan shari'o'in kotu mafi tsada a tarihin Botswana. A cikin shekarun 1970s, rikici ya fara ne game da kokarin sake komawa da Gwamnatin Botswana (GOB) ta yi, wanda ya haifar da wasu sake zama a waje da ajiyar a cikin shekarun 1990. Saboda gwagwarmayar da ke gudana tsakanin [[Mutanen San]] da GOB game da haƙƙin ƙasa, an kafa "Mutanen farko na Kalahari," ƙungiyar da ke ba da shawara ga haƙƙin mutanen San. Tattaunawar ta shafi ko gano lu'u-lu'u a ajiya, na iya zama dalilin da ya sa gwamnatin Botswana ta kuma yi kokarin sake komawa. A shekara ta 2002, gwamnati ta yanke duk ayyukan da ke ga mazaunan CKGR. An fara yakin shari'a, kuma a cikin shekara ta 2006 Babban Kotun Botswana ta yanke hukuncin cewa an cire mazauna da karfi kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba. Manufofin sake komawa sun ci gaba, duk da haka, kuma a cikin 2012 mutanen San sun yi kira ga [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da ta tilasta wa gwamnati ta amince da ƙasarsu da haƙƙin albarkatunsu. == Tarihi == === Mutanen San === [[Fayil:Wandering_hunters_(Masarwa_bushmen),_North_Kalahari_Desert.jpg|alt=group of men standing in the open with spears and other traditional hunting gear|thumb|Masu farauta masu yawo (Basarwa Bushmen), hamada ta Arewacin Kalahari, c. 1892, daga hoto na Henry Anderson Bryden]] [[Mutanen San]] (ko ''Basarwa''{{R|Anaya}}, wanda aka fi sani da "Bushmen"{{R|Anton & Shelton}}), suna ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin al'adu a Duniya; sun zauna a yankin da ke kusa da hamadar Kalahari fiye da kungiyoyin kabilun makwabta. Yawancin ƙasashen kabilanci a Botswana, gami da ƙasar da San suka mamaye, sun ɓace a lokacin [[Kasa Afrika|Mulkin mallaka na Turai]], kuma tsarin asarar ƙasa da samun damar albarkatun ƙasa ya ci gaba bayan 'yancin Botswana. : 2 San sun sha wahala musamman a tsawon lokaci ta hanyar mamayewa daga yawancin kabilun da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba a kan ƙasashen da San ke amfani da su. Manufofin gwamnati da suka fara a cikin shekarun 1970 sun canja wani muhimmin yanki na al'adun San zuwa ga Turawa mazauna da yawancin kabilun noma-pastoralist.<ref name="Anaya" /> : 15 Yawancin manufofin gwamnati game da ƙasa sun nuna goyon baya ga ƙabilar Tswana mafi rinjaye a kan 'yan tsiraru San da Bakgalagadi.<ref name="Anaya" /> : 2 James Anaya, a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na musamman game da halin da ake ciki na haƙƙin ɗan adam da kuma 'yanci na asali na' yan asalin ƙasar ga [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], ya bayyana asarar ƙasa a matsayin babban mai ba da gudummawa ga yawancin matsalolin da ke fuskantar' yan asalin Botswana, yana mai ambaton korar San daga Tsakiyar Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) a matsayin misali na musamman.<ref name="Anaya" /> : 2 {{Rp|2}} === Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Kalahari === [[Fayil:Bushmen_in_the_Kalahari.jpg|thumb|Bushmen a cikin Kalahari]] A cikin shekarun 1950, [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], da Biritaniya sun kara damuwa game da yawan 'yan tsiraru a Afirka.<ref name=":04">{{Cite journal |last=Hitchcock |first=Robert K. |date=2002 |title='We are the First People': Land, Natural Resources and Identity in the Central Kalahari, Botswana |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=797–824 |doi=10.1080/0305707022000043520 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=823352 |s2cid=146291403}}</ref> Sun kaddamar da bincike da kamfen don samun ƙarin fahimta game da matsalolin da 'yan tsiraru ke fuskanta a Afirka. A Botswana, "akwai matsin lamba daga wasu tushe don canje-canje a yadda aka bi da San, tare da wasu masana suna ba da shawarar cewa a ba San wani wuri na kansu. " <ref name=":04" /> A shekara ta 1958, Gwamnatin Bechuanaland Protectorate ta sanya George Silberbauer don yin bincike da neman ƙuduri ga batutuwan da ke fuskantar mutanen San. A sakamakon bincikensa, a cikin 1961, an kafa Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) don ba San wani wuri na kansu da kuma kare tsire-tsire da dabbobi da ke kewaye da su. Kodayake Silberbauer yana son kafa "tsarin mutane", a lokacin, babu wata doka da ta ba da izini.<ref name=":04" /> Koyaya, CKGR "na musamman ne saboda an halicce shi ba kawai a matsayin ajiyar yanayi ba har ma don kare haƙƙin kusan mutane 5000, galibi San, da ke zaune a cikin iyakokinta, waɗanda ke son kula da salon rayuwarsu na farauta-mai tarawa".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=Julie J. |date=2007 |title=Celebrating San Victory Too Soon?: Reflections on the Outcome of the Central Kalahari Game Reserve Case |journal=Anthropology Today |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=3–5 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-8322.2007.00534.x |issn=0268-540X |jstor=4620383}}</ref> == Mutanen farko na Kalahari == A matsayin kungiya don wakiltar da kuma ba da shawara ga mutanen San a lokacin rikice-rikice na farko, John Hardbattle, [[Roy Sesana]], da Aron Johannes ne suka kafa "Mutanen farko na Kalahari," a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1993.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hitchcock |first=Robert K. |date=2002 |title='We are the First People': Land, Natural Resources and Identity in the Central Kalahari, Botswana |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=797–824 |doi=10.1080/0305707022000043520 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=823352 |s2cid=146291403}}</ref> Halitta wannan kungiyar bayar da shawarwari ta kasance sakamakon gwagwarmayar da ke gudana don 'yan tsiraru da' yancin albarkatu. Mutanen San sun ji kamar suna buƙatar wakili don bayyana bukatunsu da taimakawa tare da gwagwarmayar su don daidaito a Botswana. Tsakanin 1986 da 1989, San da sauran kungiyoyin 'yan tsiraru a cikin CKGR sun kasance masu aiki a siyasa kuma sun kafa Asusun Ci gaban Kuru, <ref name=":0" /> wata kungiya mai ma'ana da burin ci gaban al'umma.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Winters |first=Olivia Jane |date=2019 |title=The Botswana Bushmen's Fight for Water & Land Rights in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve |journal=Consilience |issue=21 |pages=172–186 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26775090}}</ref> Asusun Ci gaban Kuru yana da mahimmanci a kafa "Mutanen Farko na Kalahari," saboda ya ba da kuɗi kuma saboda ya ƙarfafa wanda ya kafa shi, John Hardbattle, ya wakilci da kuma ba da shawara ga San.<ref name=":0" /> "Mutanen farko na Kalahari" sun wakilci mutanen San a Taron San na farko na kasa da kasa a Windhoek da kuma Taron San ya Biyu na kasa da Kasa a [[Gaborone]] a watan Oktoba 1993. A cikin waɗannan tarurruka, masu magana da yawun San sun gano matsalolin da San ke fuskanta, kamar "talauci, warewa daga ƙasa da albarkatu, rashin wakilcin siyasa a matakin ƙasa, cin zarafin ma'aikata, nuna bambanci, rashin kulawa da aka biya musamman ga San amma maimakon mayar da hankali kan ƙungiyar da aka ayyana ta hanyar bureaucratically da aka sani da Mazaunan Yankin Tsakiya, da kuma gazawar Gwamnatin Botswana don tallafawa haƙƙin ƙasa, haƙƙin al'adu da haƙƙin ci gaban mutanen San" <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hitchcock |first=Robert K. |date=2002 |title='We are the First People': Land, Natural Resources and Identity in the Central Kalahari, Botswana |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=797–824 |doi=10.1080/0305707022000043520 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=823352 |s2cid=146291403}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Hitchcock, Robert K. (2002). "'We are the First People': Land, Natural Resources and Identity in the Central Kalahari, Botswana". ''Journal of Southern African Studies''. '''28''' (4): <span class="nowrap">797–</span>824. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/0305707022000043520|10.1080/0305707022000043520]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-7070 0305-7070]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/823352 823352]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146291403 146291403].</cite></ref> A ƙarshe, waɗannan tarurrukan sun haifar da rajistar "Mutanen farko na Kalaharione da kuma sun amince da su a matsayin ƙungiyar da su na 1994 da su".<ref name=":0" /> "Mutanen farko na Kalahari. " za su jagoranci mutanen San zuwa "mafi girman juriya ta tarihi da aiki" a kan kokarin gwamnati na sake dawo da su.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Marobela |first=Motsomi Ndala |date=2010 |title=The State, Mining and the Community: The Case of Basarwa of the Central Kalahari Game Reserve in Botswana |journal=Labour, Capital and Society / Travail, Capital et Société |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=137–154 |issn=0706-1706 |jstor=43158366}}</ref> A shekara ta 2002, mutanen San, tare da wakilan su, sun kai gwamnatin Botswana kotu don yin gwagwarmaya don haƙƙinsu na kasancewa a cikin CKGR da samun damar albarkatun ƙasa a ciki.<ref name=":5" /> Daga ƙarshe a cikin 2006, Babban Kotun Botswana ta amince da haƙƙin mutanen San su zauna a cikin ajiyar.<ref name=":5" /> == Diamonds da rikice-rikicen ƙasa == A yau, [[tattalin arzikin Botswana]] ya dogara sosai da fitar da lu'u-lu'u. '''<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last=Winters |first=Olivia Jane |date=2019 |title=The Botswana Bushmen's Fight for Water & Land Rights in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve |journal=Consilience |issue=21 |pages=172–186 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26775090}}</ref>''' Tare da gano lu'u-lu'u a shekarar 1967, sun kai kashi hamsin cikin dari na GDP na Botswana. Koyaya, kafin gano lu'u-lu'u, Botswana ta dogara sosai da aikin gona. Botswana na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi talauci a duniya, tare da GDP na kowane mutum na dala 80 a kowace shekara. Akwai da'awar cewa GOB yayi ƙoƙari ya sake komawa mutanen San ya motsa ta hanyar gano lu'u-lu'u a cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Kalahari Game Reserve a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. <ref name=":22" /> Survival International ta bayyana cewa "An zargi wadatattun ajiyar lu'u-lu'u na ajiyar don fitar da Bushmen daga gwamnati". <ref name=":22" /> Wasu sun jaddada cewa muhawara ta GOB don sake komawa mutanen San, kamar ci gaba da kiyaye dabbobi, sun saba wa ayyukan gwamnati kamar yanke samar da ruwa, wanda ke hana ci gaban su. <ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=First People of the Kalahari: the struggle for ancestral lands |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/material/280 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013231846/https://www.survivalinternational.org/material/280 |archive-date=2022-10-13 |access-date=2020-04-03 |website=www.survivalinternational.org}}</ref> A shekara ta 2002, shugaban Botswana, Festus Mogae, ya yi jayayya cewa kokarin sake dawo da mutane daga CKGR ba shi da alaƙa da duk wani shirin [[hakar ma'adinai]] na gaba ko hakar ma-adinai a cikin ajiyar.<ref name=":22" /> Koyaya, wasu sun bayyana cewa "ma'adinai na lu'u-lu'u yanzu shine ainihin tattalin arzikin Botswana... Kusan dukkanin ci gaban Botswana a cikin ababen more rayuwa, kiwon lafiya, da ilimi sakamakon kudaden shiga ne na lu'u-lu'u. "<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sarkin |first=Jeremy |date=1998 |title=The Development of a Human Rights Culture in South Africa |journal=Human Rights Quarterly |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=628–665 |doi=10.1353/hrq.1998.0032 |issn=1085-794X |s2cid=143091817}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ana ɗaukar CKGR a matsayin "mafi wadataccen yanki mai samar da lu'u-lu'u a duniya" [1] == Rikicin farko == Kodayake an kafa Cibiyar Tsakiyar Kalahari (CKGR) don kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru, tsakanin shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980, an fara neman ƙaura da mutanen San.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Hitchcock |first=Robert K. |date=2002 |title='We are the First People': Land, Natural Resources and Identity in the Central Kalahari, Botswana |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=797–824 |doi=10.1080/0305707022000043520 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=823352 |s2cid=146291403}}</ref> Gwamnatin Botswana (GOB) ta yi iƙirarin cewa akwai raguwar dabbobi saboda yawan farauta da mutanen San suka yi don rayuwarsu. Har ila yau, akwai gardamar cewa matsayin "tsarin wasan" ya toshe yiwuwar fadada ayyuka, kamar asibitoci, makarantu, da 'yan sanda, waɗanda ke samuwa ga jama'a a cikin ajiyar.<ref name=":02" /> Kodayake kiran sake komawa ya fara, ba a dauki wani mataki na ainihi ba.<ref name=":02" /> A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, muhawara game da abin da za a yi da mutanen San ya ci gaba, kuma tashin hankali ya tashi tsakanin mutanen San da gwamnati, yana kawo hankalin duniya game da haƙƙin mutanen San.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Hitchcock |first=Robert K. |date=2002 |title='We are the First People': Land, Natural Resources and Identity in the Central Kalahari, Botswana |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=797–824 |doi=10.1080/0305707022000043520 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=823352 |s2cid=146291403}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Hitchcock, Robert K. (2002). "'We are the First People': Land, Natural Resources and Identity in the Central Kalahari, Botswana". ''Journal of Southern African Studies''. '''28''' (4): <span class="nowrap">797–</span>824. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/0305707022000043520|10.1080/0305707022000043520]]. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-7070 0305-7070]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/823352 823352]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146291403 146291403].</cite></ref> A watan Agustan 1985, Ministan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu, MPK Nwako, GOB ta tura shi zuwa CKGR don samar da rahoto game da halin da ake ciki kuma ta gabatar da mafita.<ref name=":02" /> Tare da sanarwa, a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1986, an fitar da takarda mai suna White wanda ya bayyana cewa sabon manufofin GOB ya lura cewa waɗanda ke zaune a cikin ajiyar za a sake komawa wani wuri.<ref name=":02" /> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1986, "GOB ta ba da sanarwar cewa ƙauyuka na shirin "Remote Area Dweller" (RAD), wanda ya ba da sabis ga San, da sauransu, daga wannan lokacin zuwa gaba za a kafa shi ne kawai a waje da CKGR. " GOB ta yi iƙirarin cewa sake komawa zai zama da fa'ida ga San saboda ana iya rarraba ayyukan da kyau a waje da ajiyar tunda yana da wahala a yi haka a cikin ajiyar.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Sarkin |first=Jeremy |date=1998 |title=The Development of a Human Rights Culture in South Africa |journal=Human Rights Quarterly |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=628–665 |doi=10.1353/hrq.1998.0032 |issn=1085-794X |s2cid=143091817}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, gwamnati ta bayyana cewa dole ne a sake komawa mutanen San saboda sun haifar da barazana ga namun daji.<ref name=":12" /> Koyaya, mazaunan ajiyar sun halarci abin da aka sani da "Kgotla," tarurrukan majalisa na gida a garin Ghanzi, inda suka nuna damuwarsu kuma, a ƙarshe, an cece su daga sake komawa. [[Fayil:BushmenSan.jpg|thumb|Bushmen (San) ]] == Rikicin 2012-2013 == A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012 Basarwa ta yi kira ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Dindindin kan Batutuwan 'Yan asalin ƙasar, ta nemi Majalisar Dinkinobho ta tilasta wa gwamnati ta amince da ƙasarsu da haƙƙin albarkatunsu. Taron ya amince da jerin shawarwari tara da ke magance tasirin kwace ƙasa da kuma hana 'yan asalin ƙasar. : 7 Gwamnati sake komawa ya ci gaba a cikin shekara a yammacin Ranyane. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2013, Babban Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa dole ne gwamnati ta dakatar da ƙaurawar iyalai daga ƙauyen Ranyane. Kungiyoyin ba da agaji sun ba da rahoton cewa gwamnati ta sake komawa iyalai da yawa daga Ranyane bayan hukuncin Kotun Koli kuma sun yi zargin cewa jami'an gwamnati sun kafa kansu a Ranyane don gudanar da kamfen don sa mazauna su ƙaura daga ƙauyensu, a wani bangare ta hanyar toshe damar samun ruwa kawai.<ref name="StateDept" /> : 20–21 {{Rp|20&ndash;21}} Survival International ta ba da rahoton cewa an shirya wasu San a Ranyane don a kore su daga ƙasar kakanninsu don ƙirƙirar hanyar namun daji, wanda aka sani da '''Yammacin Kgalagadi Conservation Corridor'''. <ref name="Conservation Corridors in South-western Botswana">{{Cite web |title=Conservation Corridors in South-western Botswana |url=http://www.ffem.fr/webdav/site/ffem/shared/ELEMENTS_COMMUNS/U_ADMINISTRATEUR/6-MEDIAS/ArticlesPresse/ProjetBotswana_African_Geographic_Dec_Jan_2008.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617165151/http://www.ffem.fr/webdav/site/ffem/shared/ELEMENTS_COMMUNS/U_ADMINISTRATEUR/6-MEDIAS/ArticlesPresse/ProjetBotswana_African_Geographic_Dec_Jan_2008.pdf |archive-date=2013-06-17 |access-date=27 May 2013 |website=ffem.fr |publisher=Conservation International}}</ref> Wakilin gwamnatin Botswana Jeff Ramsay ya musanta duk wani shirin fitar da shi. Wani mai fafutukar Survival International ya ce, "Ban san yadda gwamnati za ta iya cewa [...] cewa ba sa shirin korar su lokacin da Ranyane Bushmen ke kai gwamnati kotu don dakatar da cirewa. " An gabatar da sabon shari'a a madadin mazauna. Dangane da korafin da aka shigar a madadin mazauna, kotun ta ba da umarni a watan Yunin 2013 wanda ya hana gwamnati sake dawo da mazauna daga Ranyane da kuma toshe hanyar shiga bututun ruwa, shiga kowane gida ba tare da izinin mazauna ba, da kuma cire mazauna ba tare da fara sanar da lauyoyin al'umma ba. : 21 {{Rp|21}} A watan Agustan 2013 lauyoyi na mutanen Basarwa sun shigar da karar Kotun Koli inda masu shigar da kara na asali daga shari'ar CKGR ta 2006 suka yi kira ga gwamnati don samun damar shiga CKGR ba tare da iyaka ba ga 'ya'yansu da danginsu (watau ba tare da izini ba). An kori karar ne saboda dalilai na fasaha, tare da izinin da kotun ta bayar don sake shigar da sabon aikace-aikace. : 7, 20 A cikin wani yunkuri da jama'a da kafofin watsa labarai na cikin gida suka soki, gwamnati ta kara da lauyan masu neman Basarwa, ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya da ke da alaƙa da Survival International, zuwa jerin mutanen da dole ne su nemi biza don shiga ƙasar. Duk da yake gwamnati ta musanta zargin cewa ta shirya hana lauyan daga kasar, ba ta ba shi biza a kan lokaci don ya shiga cikin sauraron Babban Kotun Agusta ba.<ref name="StateDept2" /> : 20 Lauyan, Gordon Bennett, ya ce, "Hakkin yin shari'a mai adalci yawanci ya haɗa da haƙƙin wakiltar lauyan da kuka zaɓa. Ba a Botswana ba, a bayyane yake - ko aƙalla ba idan kun kai karar Gwamnati ba. " Wani sakon Facebook na gwamnatin Botswana ya bayyana cewa Ma'aikatar Shige da Fice ta ƙi buƙatar Bennett don biza, ta bayyana shi a matsayin "an gabatar da gajeren sanarwa" Wani sakon Facebook ya ce Ministan Harkokin Ayyuka da Gida, Mai Girma [[Edwin Batshu]], ya kare wannan matakin ya fara ne a matsayin "a ranar 29 ga watan Yuli".<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2013 |title=Bushman court case begins |url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/9414 |access-date=2014-02-19 |publisher=Survival International}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Mutanen farko na Kalahari * Addinin San * Tattaunawar Kalahari * Negro na Banyoles == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] srzbjabitrwmoe1iluuf8u9u1al5cm8 0 106749 824141 716479 2026-04-22T11:44:30Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Children-working.jpg|Children-working.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Polarlys|Polarlys]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Children-working.jpg|]]. 824141 wikitext text/x-wiki Ba masana'antu da ma'adinai ba ne kawai wuraren da ake yawan yin aikin yara a farkon ƙarni na 20. Masana'antun gida a duk faɗin Amurka da Turai sun kuma ɗauki yara aiki. Gwamnatoci da masu kawo sauyi sun yi iƙirarin cewa dole ne a daidaita ma'aikata a masana'antu kuma gwamnati tana da alhakin samar da jin daɗi ga talakawa. Dokokin da suka biyo baya sun yi tasiri na fitar da aikin daga masana'antu zuwa gidajen birane. Iyalai da mata, musamman, sun fi son hakan saboda yana ba su damar samun kuɗin shiga yayin gudanar da ayyukan gida. Ayyukan masana'antu na gida sun kasance masu aiki a duk shekara. Iyalai da yardar rai sun tura yaransu a cikin waɗannan kamfanonin gida da ke samar da kudaden shiga. A yawancin lokuta, maza suna aiki daga gida. A Faransa, sama da kashi 58% na ma'aikatan tufafi sun yi aiki daga gidajensu; a Jamus, adadin ayyukan gida na cikakken lokaci ya kusan ninki biyu tsakanin 1882 da 1907; kuma a Amurka, miliyoyin iyalai suna gudanar da aiki ba gida kwana bakwai a kowane mako, duk shekara don kera riguna, takalma, furanni na wucin gadi, fuka-fukai, akwatunan wasa, kayan wasan yara, laima da sauran kayayyaki. Yara masu shekaru 5-14 sun yi aiki tare da iyaye. Ayyukan gida da aikin yara a Ostiraliya, Biritaniya, [[Austriya|Austria]] da sauran sassan duniya ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Kauyuka ma sun ga iyalai suna tura ‘ya’yansu aikin noma. A shekara ta 1946, Frieda S. Miller - a lokacin Darakta na Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka - ta gaya wa Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya (ILO) cewa waɗannan ayyukan gida suna ba da "ƙananan albashi, dogon sa'o'i, aikin yara, rashin lafiya da yanayin aiki mara kyau. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Linda Lobao |last2=Katherine Meyer |year=2001 |title=The Great Agricultural Transition: Crisis, Change, and Social Consequences of Twentieth Century US Farming |journal=Annual Review of Sociology |volume=27 |pages=103–124 |doi=10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.103 |jstor=2678616}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Friedmann |first=Harriet |year=1978 |title=World Market, State, and Family Farm: Social Bases of Household Production in the Era of Wage Labour |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=545–586 |doi=10.1017/S001041750001255X |s2cid=153765098}}</ref> === Karni na 21 === [[Fayil:Enfants_au_travail_dans_le_monde.png|thumb|Taswirar aikin yara a duk duniya a cikin rukunin shekaru 10-14, a cikin 2003, ta hanyar bayanan Bankin Duniya. Bayanan ba cikakke ba ne, saboda kasashe da yawa ba sa tattara ko bayar da rahoton bayanan aikin yara (launi mai launin toka). Lambar launi kamar haka: rawaya (<10% na yara masu aiki), kore (10-20%), orange (20-30%), ja (30-40%) da baki (>40%). Wasu kasashe kamar [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]], [[Mali]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] suna da fiye da rabin dukkan yara masu shekaru 5-14 da ke aiki don taimakawa wajen samar da iyalansu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Statistics |url=http://www.childinfo.org/labour_countrydata.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630033018/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |website=UNICEF DATA}}</ref>]] Har yanzu aikin yara ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da dama na duniya. Ƙididdiga na aikin yara ya bambanta. Ya kai tsakanin miliyan 250 zuwa 304, idan an kirga yara masu shekaru 5-17 da ke da hannu a duk wani aiki na tattalin arziki. Idan ba a cire aikin ɗan lokaci kaɗan ba, ILO ta kiyasta cewa akwai ma'aikata miliyan 153 masu shekaru 5-14 a duniya a cikin 2008. Wannan ya kai kusan miliyan 20 ƙasa da kiyasin ILO na ma'aikatan a 2004. Kimanin kashi 60 cikin 100 na aikin yara na shiga ayyukan noma kamar noma, kiwo, kifi da gandun daji. Wani kashi 25% na ma'aikatan yara suna cikin ayyukan sabis kamar dillali, kayan shawagi, gidajen abinci, kaya da canja wurin kaya, ajiya, diba da sake sarrafa shara, goge takalma, taimakon gida, da sauran ayyuka. Sauran 15% sun yi aiki a cikin taro da masana'antu a cikin tattalin arziki na yau da kullun, masana'antu na gida, masana'antu, ma'adinai, marufi gishiri, injinan aiki, da irin waɗannan ayyuka.<ref name="unicef">{{Cite web |title=The State of the World's Children 1997 |url=http://www.unicef.org/sowc97/report/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809110938/http://www.unicef.org/sowc97/report/ |archive-date=9 August 2011 |access-date=2007-04-15 |website=UNICEF}}</ref> Biyu daga cikin yara uku ma'aikata suna aiki tare da iyayensu, a cikin yanayin aikin iyali da ba a biya ba. Wasu yara suna aiki a matsayin masu jagora ga masu yawon bude ido, wani lokacin ana haɗa su da kawo kasuwanci don shaguna da gidajen cin abinci. Ayyukan yara galibi suna faruwa ne a yankunan karkara (70%) da kuma bangaren birane na al'ada (26%). Sabanin yadda aka sani, yawancin ma'aikatan yara suna aiki da iyayensu maimakon masana'antu ko tattalin arziki na yau da kullun. Yaran da ke aiki don biyan kuɗi ko diyya galibi ana samun su a yankunan karkara sabanin wuraren birane. Kasa da 3% na aikin yara masu shekaru 5-14 a duk faɗin duniya suna aiki a wajen gidansu, ko nesa da iyayensu.<ref name="ep05">{{Cite journal |last=Eric V. Edmonds |last2=Nina Pavcnik |date=Winter 2005 |title=Child Labour in the Global Economy |journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives |volume=19 |pages=199–220 |doi=10.1257/0895330053147895 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ayyukan yara suna da kashi 22% na ma'aikata a Asiya, kashi 32% a Afirka, kashi 17% a Latin Amurka, kashi 1% a Amurka, Kanada, Turai da sauran kasashe masu arziki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts and figures on child labour |url=http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/237384/toolkitfr/pdf/facts.pdf |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717172418/http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/237384/toolkitfr/pdf/facts.pdf |archive-date=2007-07-17 |website=info.worldbank.org}}</ref> Adadin masu aikin yi wa yara aiki ya bambanta sosai tsakanin ƙasashe da ma yankuna a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe. Afirka ce ke da mafi girman kaso na yara masu shekaru 5-17 da ke aikin yi wa yara aikin yi, kuma jimillar sama da miliyan 65. Asiya, wacce ke da yawan jama'arta, ita ce ta fi yawan yaran da ake yi wa aikin bautar yara kusan miliyan 114. Latin Amurka da yankin Caribbean suna da ƙarancin yawan jama'a gabaɗaya, amma a cikin ma'aikatan yara miliyan 14 suna da yawan haɗarin haɗari kuma. [[Fayil:Tyre_shop_worker1.jpg|left|thumb|Wani yaro yana gyara taya a [[Gambiya]]]] Madaidaicin bayanin aikin yara na yau yana da wahala a samu saboda rashin jituwa tsakanin kafofin bayanai game da abin da ya ƙunshi aikin yara. A wasu ƙasashe, manufofin gwamnati na taimaka wa wannan wahala. Misali, ba a san adadin yawan aikin yara a kasar Sin ba saboda gwamnati ta kasafta bayanan aikin yara a matsayin " sirri ne".<ref>{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=Children's Rights: China |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/child-rights/china.php#Child%20Labour%20and%20Exploitation |publisher=Law Library of Congress, United States}}</ref> Kasar Sin ta kafa ka'idoji don hana aikin yara; har yanzu, ana ba da rahoton aikin yara matsala ce mai ɗorewa a cikin kasar Sin, gabaɗaya a fannonin noma da ƙananan ƙwarewa da ƙananan bita da masana'antu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lepillez |first=Karine |year=2009 |title=The dark side of labour in China |url=http://www.du.edu/korbel/hrhw/researchdigest/slavery/china.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2007 |title=China: End Child Labour in State Schools |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2007/12/02/china-end-child-labour-state-schools |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111234752/http://www.hrw.org/news/2007/12/02/china-end-child-labour-state-schools |archive-date=11 January 2015 |publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka ta fitar da jerin sunayen kayayyakin da ake samarwa da kananan yara ko aikin tilastawa aiki, inda aka danganta kasar Sin kayayyaki 12, mafi yawan wadanda kananan yara ne da kuma ma'aikatan da ba su kai ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor |url=http://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708063021/https://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods/ |archive-date=8 July 2014 |website=www.dol.gov |access-date=21 July 2025 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rahoton ya lissafa kayan lantarki, tufafi, kayan wasa, da kwal, da sauran kayayyaki. Binciken Maplecroft Child Labour Index na 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2012 |title=Conflict and economic downturn cause global increase in reported child labour violations – 40% of countries now rated 'extreme risk' by Maplecroft |url=http://maplecroft.com/about/news/child_labour_2012.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111090517/http://maplecroft.com/about/news/child_labour_2012.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |publisher=Maplecroft |access-date=21 July 2025 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rahoton ya ce kasashe 76 na haifar da matsananciyar wahala ga ayyukan yara ga kamfanonin da ke aiki a duk duniya. Kasashe goma mafi girman hadarin a cikin 2012, wadanda aka jera a cikin tsari mai raguwa, sune: [[Myanmar]], Koriya ta Arewa, Somaliya, Sudan, DR Congo, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Burundi, Pakistan da Habasha. Daga cikin manyan ci gaban tattalin arziki, Maplecroft ya kasance Philippines a matsayi na 25 mafi haɗari, Indiya ta 27, China 36th, Vietnam 37th, Indonesia 46th, [[Brazil]] 54th, dukkansu an kiyasta sun haɗa da matsananciyar haɗari na rashin tabbas na aikin yara, ga kamfanoni masu neman saka hannun jari a duniya masu tasowa da shigo da kayayyaki daga kasuwanni masu tasowa. == Dalilan da suka haifar == [[Fayil:Young_girl_working.jpg|thumb|Yarinyar da ke aiki a kan zane a [[Aït Benhaddou]], Morocco, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008]] [[Fayil:Rice_Cultivation_Vietnam.1024x768.jpg|thumb|Aikin noma yana tura kashi 70% na aikin yara a duniya. A sama, ma'aikacin yaro a gonar shinkafa a [[Vietnam]].]] ILO ta ba da shawarar cewa talauci shine mafi girman dalilin da ke bayan aikin yara.<ref name="ilo2008a">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Child labour - causes |url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/eurpro/moscow/areas/ipec/causes.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411145422/http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/eurpro/moscow/areas/ipec/causes.htm |archive-date=11 April 2009 |publisher=ILO, United Nations}}</ref> Ga magidanta masu fama da talauci, samun kudin shiga daga aikin yaro yawanci yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwar sa ko ta gidan. Kudin shiga daga yara masu aiki, ko da ƙanana, na iya kasancewa tsakanin kashi 25 zuwa 40% na kuɗin shiga gida. Sauran masana irin su Harsch kan aikin yara a Afirka, da Edmonds da Pavcnik kan aikin yara a duniya sun cimma matsaya guda.<ref name="ep05"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harsch |first=Ernest |date=October 2001 |title=Child labour rooted in Africa's poverty |url=https://www.un.org/en/africarenewal/vol15no3/153chil4.htm |journal=Africa Recovery |volume=15 |pages=14–15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415095202/https://www.un.org/en/africarenewal/vol15no3/153chil4.htm |archive-date=15 April 2012 |access-date=21 July 2025 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Basu |first=Kaushik |last2=Van |first2=Phan Hoang |date=June 1998 |title=The Economics of Child Labour |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/116842 |journal=American Economic Review |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=412–427 |jstor=116842}}</ref> Duk da yake talauci yana da mahimmanci, dangantakar dake tsakanin talauci da aikin yara yana da wuyar gaske. Bincike ya nuna cewa aikin yara gabaɗaya yana raguwa yayin da wadatar gida (wanda aka auna ta hanyar noma ga kowane mutum a yankunan karkara) yana ƙaruwa. Duk da haka, ana iya samun gagarumin ci gaba a cikin alakar da ke tsakanin aikin yara da kuma mallakar filaye a matsakaicin matakan filaye da kowane mutum.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oryoie |first=Ali Reza |last2=Alwang |first2=Jeffrey |last3=Tideman |first3=Nicolaus |date=2017-12-01 |title=Child Labor and Household Land Holding: Theory and Empirical Evidence from Zimbabwe |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X1730253X |journal=World Development |volume=100 |pages=45–58 |doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.07.025 |issn=0305-750X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin ma'ana, kamar makarantu masu araha da ilimi mai inganci, a cewar ILO, <ref name="ilo2008a"/>wani babban al’amari ne da ke kai yara zuwa aikin da zai cutar da su. Yara suna aiki saboda ba su da wani abin da ya fi dacewa da su. Yawancin al'ummomi, musamman yankunan karkara inda tsakanin kashi 60 zuwa 70% na aikin yara ya zama ruwan dare, ba su da isasshen kayan aikin makaranta. Ko da a wasu lokuta ana samun makarantu, suna da nisa, suna da wuyar isa, ba su da araha ko kuma ingancin ilimi ya yi yawa, iyaye suna tunanin ko zuwa makaranta yana da daraja.<ref name="ep05"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jo |date=September 1994 |title=The Relationship between Education and Child Work |url=http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/crs9.pdf |access-date=3 April 2024 |publisher=UNICEF}}</ref> === Abubuwan al'adu === A cikin tarihin Turai lokacin da ake yawan yin aikin yara, da kuma a cikin aikin yara na zamani na duniyar zamani, wasu imani na al'adu sun kafa shi. Wasu suna ganin cewa aiki yana da kyau ga haɓaka ɗabi'a da haɓaka ƙwarewar yara. A cikin al'adu da yawa, musamman inda tattalin arziki na yau da kullun da ƙananan kasuwancin gida ke bunƙasa, al'adar al'ada ita ce yara suna bin sawun iyayensu; bautar da yara to wata hanya ce ta koyo da gudanar da wannan sana’ar tun suna kanana. Hakazalika, a al’adu da dama ilimin ‘ya’ya mata ba ya da kima ko kuma ba a sa ran ‘ya’ya mata su bukaci karatun boko, su kuma wadannan ‘yan matan sun tura su aikin yara kamar samar da ayyukan gida.<ref name="ilo2008a"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqi |first=Faraaz |last2=Patrinos |first2=Harry Anthony |year=1999 |title=CHILD LABOUR: ISSUES, CAUSES AND INTERVENTIONS |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Arvind-Singh-21/post/What_are_the_reasons_behind_the_creation_of_child_labours_How_it_can_be_solved/attachment/5ac0c8434cde260d15d626fc/AS%3A610574106910725%401522583619297/download/Child_Labor_issues.pdf |access-date=3 April 2024 |publisher=The World Bank}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=D'Avolio |first=Michele |date=Spring 2004 |title=Child Labour and Cultural Relativism: From 19th Century America to 21st Century Nepal |url=http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pilr/vol16/iss1/5/ |journal=Pace International Law Review |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=109–145 |doi=10.58948/2331-3536.1160 |s2cid=152411350 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Macroeconomics === Biggeri da Mehrotra sun yi nazarin abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban tattalin arziki da ke ƙarfafa aikin yara. Sun mayar da hankali kan binciken su kan kasashen Asiya biyar da suka hada da Indiya, Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand da Philippines. Suna ba da shawarar [1] cewa aikin yara babbar matsala ce a cikin duka biyar, amma ba sabuwar matsala ba ce. Abubuwan da ke haifar da macroeconomic sun ƙarfafa aikin yi wa yara ƙanana a duk faɗin duniya, fiye da mafi yawan tarihin ɗan adam. Suna ba da shawarar cewa abubuwan da ke haifar da aikin yara sun haɗa da buƙatu da kuma bangaren wadata. Yayin da talauci da rashin samun ingantattun makarantu ke bayyana bangaren samar da aikin yi ga yara, suna ba da shawarar cewa bunƙasar tattalin arziƙin da ba na biyan kuɗi mai rahusa fiye da biyan kuɗin da ake biya na yau da kullun na daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da buƙatu. Sauran malaman kuma suna ba da shawarar cewa kasuwar aiki maras ƙarfi, girman tattalin arziƙin na yau da kullun, gazawar masana'antu don haɓakawa da rashin fasahar kere-kere na zamani sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da tattalin arziƙin da ke shafar buƙatu da yarda da aikin yara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Galbi |first=Douglas |year=1997 |title=Child Labour and the Division of Labour in the Early English Cotton Mills |url=http://www.galbithink.org/child.pdf |journal=Journal of Population Economics |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=357–375 |doi=10.1007/s001480050048 |pmid=12293082 |s2cid=5858814}}</ref> [[Fayil:Working_children_out_of_school_vs_Hours_worked_by_children,_OWID.svg|thumb|Yara masu aiki daga makaranta vs sa'o'in da yara ke aiki <ref>{{Cite web |title=Working children out of school vs Hours worked by children |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/working-children-out-of-school-ages-7-14-vs-hours-worked-by-children-ages-7-14 |access-date=5 March 2020 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref>]] oo9yaex57g1s3mmb5o2eauugc4tb3fo 0 108318 823975 675844 2026-04-22T06:44:42Z Nura Bello 24854 823975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Milieudefensie''' (Dutch for "defense environnelle") kungiya ce ta muhalli ta Dutch, wacce aka kafa a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun ashekarun 1971, ta ƙungiyar masana kimiyya don mayar da martani ga rahoton da Club of Rome ta bayar. [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] Ita ce reshen Dutch na [[Abokan Duniya]]. Milieudefensie na daga cikin kungiyoyi 30 na kasa da Abokan Duniya Turai ke wakilta da haɗa kai a matakin Turai.  Manufar Milieudefensie rayuwa ce mai kyau ga duk mutanen duniya da kuma tsararraki masu zuwa. Yana mai da hankali ne akan [[Adalci na yanayi]], musamman rarraba fa'idodi da nauyin mafita ga rikicin yanayi. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan ta mayar da hankali musamman kan lissafin kamfanoni dangane da rikicin yanayi. Milieudefensie tana da kusan mambobi dubu 90,000 da kuma goyon bayan mutane 175,000. Tana shiga cikin tushen goyon bayanta a cikin ayyukanta, wanda shine haɗuwa da kamfen ɗin jama'a, ayyukan shari'a da kuma siyasa. == Milieudefensie v Shell: yanayin yanayi == A cikin , Milieudefensie ya fara karar da aka yi wa kamfanin man fetur na Shell don riƙe kamfanin da alhakin rabonsa a rikicin yanayi, da kuma buƙatar yin shirye-shiryen yanayi daidai da manufofi da aka amince da su a duniya. A cikin 2021, hukuncin alƙalin ya bayyana cewa Shell dole ne ta rage hayakin CO da kashi 45% nan da shekara ta 2030, idan aka kwatanta da adadi na 2019. Wannan ya shafi kuma don yin amfani da hayaki 3, ko hayaki wanda ya haifar da amfani da samfuran Shell.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2021 |title=Verdict Milieudefensie v Shell |url=https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/details?id=ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2021:5339 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118023157/https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/details?id=ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2021:5339 |archive-date=18 January 2024 |access-date=22 July 2024 |website=De Rechtspraak}}</ref> Kafofin yada labarai na kasa da kasa sun bayyana cewa "Rashin tarihi na Shell a The Hague shine canji a cikin yaki da babban man fetur" kuma cewa shari'ar ita ce "mafi girman canji" a cikin shari'o'in kotu da suka shafi yanayi da za su jagoranci "masu jan man fetur zuwa 'maɓallin kaiwa'". Wannan shari'ar ta yi wahayi zuwa ga wasu karar, ciki har da daya a kan babban man fetur na Italiya Eni . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The legal battles changing the course of climate change |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20231208-the-legal-battles-changing-the-course-of-climate-change |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Shell ta daukaka kara kan hukuncin kotun. An gudanar da sauraron shari'a a watan Afrilu na shekara ta kuma kotun ta yanke hukunci a cikin ni'imar Shell a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba ahekarar 2024. Alƙalai sun ga Shell ba ta da cikakken alhakin CO="true" id="mwKQ" typeof="mw:Transclusion">CO "ƙasa ta 2" da "ƙasawar 3" da masu samarwa da abokan ciniki suka haifar kuma ainihin wajibin rage waɗannan hayaki da ƙayyadadden kashi zai kasance ba zai iya ba. Alƙalai sun bayyana, cewa masu fafatawa na iya karɓar hannun jari daga Shell ta hanyar sayar da ƙarin kwal da gas a cikin tsari, wanda ba zai haifar da rage fitar da CO2 ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shell siegt bei Klimaschutzprozess in Den Haag |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/klimaklage-abgewiesen-shell-muss-co-ausstoss-nicht-senken-110105618.html |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=www.faz.net |language=de}}</ref> == Milieudefensie v ING Bank == A watan Janairun , Milieudefensie ya ba da sanarwa game da alhakin bankin Dutch ING. Milieudefensie ta dauki ING a matsayin [[Global Systemically Important Bank|Babban Bankin Duniya]] wanda ke da alhakin kulawa game da canjin yanayi. Ya yi jayayya cewa ING ya kamata ya dauki matakin yanayi wanda zai haifar da raguwar hayakin CO da kashi 48% nan da shekarun 2030 idan aka kwatanta da shekarun 2019. Wannan adadi ne dan kadan ya fi girma fiye da na Shell, saboda yana nuna mafi kyawun kimiyya. Shari'ar ta fi bin dabarun shari'a iri ɗaya kamar shari'ar da aka yi wa Shell. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Milieudefensie v. ING Bank |url=https://climatecasechart.com/non-us-case/milieudefensie-v-ing-bank/ |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=Climate Change Litigation |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ikon mutane == Milieudefensie tana aiki tare da tushen goyon bayanta don matsawa kan manyan kamfanoni da 'yan siyasa don yin aiki bisa ga yarjejeniyar yanayi. Shirye-shiryen Milieudefensie ya dogara ne akan 'ikon mutane': lokacin da mutane da yawa ke magana don wani buƙata, zai zama ba zai yiwu ba ga kamfanoni da 'yan siyasa su yi watsi da wannan buƙata. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yana da wasu: * co- shirya zanga-zangar yanayi mafi girma a tarihin Dutch (a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2023, tare da mahalarta 85,000); * sun halarci taron masu hannun jari na manyan kamfanoni don tambayar allon ko suna da niyyar rage fitar da da kashi 45%; * ya shirya 'bayani don adalci na yanayi' wanda sama da mutane 80,000 suka sanya hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary of our annual report 2023 |url=https://en.milieudefensie.nl/about-us/summary-annual-report-2023-eng.pdf |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=Milieudefensie |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Milieudefensie tana aiki a duniya a cikin kawance guda biyu: [https://greenlivelihoodsalliance.org/ Green Livelihoods Alliance] da Fair, Green da Global alliance. Milieudefensie kuma tana neman dokoki da jagororin kasa da kasa da EU. Daga cikin wasu, sun ba da bayani game da gyaran jagororin OECD don kamfanoni masu yawa na shekarun 2023 da kuma umarnin dorewar kamfanoni na EU. == Dubi kuma == * ''Milieudefensie da sauransu Royal Dutch Shell'' == Manazarta == faubgwyxgrqw0jquxnwrh4r1mizk2tr 0 108486 823972 682637 2026-04-22T06:10:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Eco_Warriors_Movement.jpg|thumb|Yunkurin Yaki da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Eco_Warriors.jpg|thumb|Eco Warriors a Fodoa Senior High School a Yankin Gabashin Ghana]] Eco Warrior Movement kungiya ce mai zaman kanta a [[Ghana]] da ke aiki tare da matasa kan [[Canjin yanayi]] da dorewar muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-14 |title=Eco Warriors Movement starts initiative to translate environmental information into sign language and local languages - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/eco-warriors-movement-starts-initiative-to-translate-environmental-information-into-sign-language-and-local-languages/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Wannan motsi kungiya ce da matasa ke jagoranta da kuma jagorancin matasa wacce aka yi niyya don maido da wuraren da suka lalace da kuma rage [[Canjin yanayi]] ta hanyar hadin kai da hada kai. [[Otuo-Akyampong Boakye]], masanin kimiyya muhalli daga Ghana, ya ƙaddamar da Yunkurin Yaki a cikin 2020. == Ayyuka == 1. Climate Smart Tree: Aikin yana amfani da kimiyya na dasa bishiyoyi don tsabtace iska, hana carbon, ƙirƙirar mazaunin kwayoyin bishiyoyi da kuma fara aljihun gandun daji na birane a kusa da wuraren da suka shafi tsabta kamar zubar da shara da bayan gida na jama'a a cikin birane a [[Ghana]]. 2. ''Labari Muhalli'': Aikin ba da labari yana amfani da ba da labari a matsayin kayan aiki don sadarwa da ilimin muhalli da ilimantar da matasa, raba abubuwan tunawa da yarantakarmu game da yadda yanayi ya ba mu kuma tabbatar da zamantakewarmu a cikin saitunan al'umma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Otuo-Akyampong Boakye, Eco Warriors Movement - XV WFC - 6May2022 - Video |url=https://enb.iisd.org/media/otuo-akyampong-boakye-eco-warriors-movement-xv-wfc-6may2022-video |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin |language=en}}</ref> 3. Eco Club Formation: ya haɗa da ƙoƙarin da tsarin ilimi ke yi don ilimantar da ɗalibai game da [[Environmental Sustainability|dorewar muhalli]] da [[Canjin yanayi]] ta hanyar kafa kungiyoyi a makarantu inda ɗalibai za su iya hulɗa da shiga don neman mafita ga ƙalubalen muhalli a cikin al'ummominsu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GNA |date=2022-06-20 |title=Community Solutions Programme supports environmental information implementation |url=https://gna.org.gh/2022/06/community-solutions-programme-supports-environmental-information-implementation/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Ghana News Agency |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zulqa |first=Abdulai Nuhu |date=2021-05-22 |title=Step-by-step understanding of THE CONCEPT TO THE ‘TYREBIN’ PROJECT by Eco Warriors Movement |url=https://padfm.com.gh/step-by-step-understanding-of-the-concept-to-the-tyrebin-project-by-eco-warriors-movement/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Radio For Peace and Development |language=en-US}}</ref> 4. Amfani da Open Knowledge don inganta ilimin muhalli ta hanyar amfani da ayyukan [[Wikimedia Commons|Wikimedia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-22 |title=Wikipedia a tool for promoting science communication in Ghana |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/05/wikipedia-a-tool-for-promoting-science-communication-in-ghana/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Otuo-Akyampong Boakye, Eco Warriors Movement - XV WFC - 6May2022 - Video |url=https://enb.iisd.org/media/otuo-akyampong-boakye-eco-warriors-movement-xv-wfc-6may2022-video |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=IISD Earth Negotiations Bulletin |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == # Mafi kyawun mai ba da shawara na SDG13 a Ghana <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-07 |title=Humanitarian Awards Ghana: Full List Of 2020 Winners - Africapush.com |url=https://africapush.com/humanitarian-awards-ghana-full-list-of-2020-winners/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319091017/https://africapush.com/humanitarian-awards-ghana-full-list-of-2020-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> # WeAreTogetherPrize wanda ya lashe <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Eco Warriors Movement |url=https://wearetogetherprize.com/theecowarriorsmovement |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=wearetogetherprize.com}}</ref> # Falling Walls Engage Lab wanda ya lashe <ref>{{Cite web |title=Otuo-Akyampong Boakye {{!}} Falling Walls |url=https://falling-walls.com/people/otuo-akyampong-boakye/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=falling-walls.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} fky5adi8sjxldf6uxo9bu5uzsgmoish 0 110626 824034 689695 2026-04-22T08:41:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 824034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tsanani na likita''' yana bayyana shigarwa, ko wani lokacin da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya suka yi a cikin ayyukan [[Gallazawa|azabtarwa]], ko dai don yin hukunci da abin da wadanda abin ya shafa zasu iya jimrewa, don yin amfani da jiyya wanda zai inganta azabtarwa. azabtar da likita ya haɗu da tambayoyin likita idan ya haɗa da amfani da ƙwarewar likitanci don sauƙaƙe tambayoyi ko azabtar da jiki, a cikin gudanar da Gwajin ɗan adam mai azabtarwa ko kuma a cikin samar da izinin likita na ƙwararru da amincewa don azabtar da fursunoni. Har ila yau, azabtarwa ta kiwon lafiya tana rufe gwajin kimiyya mai azabtarwa (ko pseudoscientific) a kan batutuwan ɗan adam da ba sa son rai. == Ka'idodin kiwon lafiya da dokar kasa da kasa == Tsanani na kiwon lafiya ya saba wa ka'idojin kiwon lafiya, wanda ake sa ran duk likitocin su bi. * Alkawarin Hippocratic yana yin bayyane game da lahani da gangan ba don amfanin mai haƙuri ba. Wadannan maganganun galibi ana fassara su a matsayin "Zan tsara tsarin mulki don amfanin marasa lafiya na bisa ga iyawata da hukunci na" da kuma "kada a taɓa cutar da kowa da gangan, don sha'awar kowa". (Lura: waɗannan maganganun sune ka'idojin ka'idoji na alheri da rashin namiji.) * Dangane da Gwajin ɗan adam na Nazi a kan fursunoni a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], wanda aka ayyana a gwajin Nuremberg bayan Yaƙin Duniya ya II a matsayin "laifuka da aka yi wa bil'adama", Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Duniya ta haɓaka Sanarwar Geneva don maye gurbin rantsuwar Hippocratic. Sanarwar Geneva ta buƙaci likitocin su bayyana cewa "[Ni,<nowiki>[Ni, likitan]</nowiki> likita] za su ci gaba da girmama rayuwar ɗan adam tun daga farkonta ko da a ƙarƙashin barazana kuma ba zan yi amfani da ilimin likitanci na ba bisa ka'idojin bil'adama ba". * Har ila yau, gwajin Nuremberg ya haifar da fitowar Dokar Nuremberg wanda a bayyane ya tsara iyakokin gwajin likita mai karɓa. * Bugu da ƙari don mayar da martani ga ta'addanci na Nazi, Yarjejeniyar Geneva ta 1949 ta haramta azabtar da fursunonin yaki da sauran wadanda ba masu gwagwarmaya ba. * Sanarwar Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Duniya ta Tokyo (1975) <ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library -- Links |url=http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/tokyo.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=hrlibrary.umn.edu}}</ref> ta ba da takamaiman maganganu da yawa game da azabtarwa, gami da "Loktor ba zai yarda ba, ya gafarta ko ''shiga cikin'' aikin azabtarwa". * Har ila yau, Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da azabtarwa, wanda ya shafi ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ban da [[yaƙi]]'an tilasta bin doka, ma'aikatan soja, [[Ɗan siyasa|'yan siyasa]], da sauran mutanen da ke aiki a matsayin hukuma, sun haramta amfani da azabtar da kowane yanayi. A karkashin Mataki na 2 (2) na Yarjejeniyar, ya bayyana cewa "Babu wani yanayi na musamman, ko yanayin yaki ko barazanar yaki, Rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa na ciki ko wani gaggawa ta jama'a'a, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman tabbatar da azabtarwa". * Ka'idodin Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da suka dace da Matsayin Ma'aikatan Lafiya, musamman Likitoci, a cikin Kariya ga Fursunoni da Masu Tsaro daga Torturewa da Sauran Magunguna, Rashin Mutum ko Rashin Rashin Rashi ko Hukunci (UN.1982) ya shafi musamman ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da sauran ma'aikatan lafiya amma ba shi da hanyar aiwatarwa don tabbatar da tilasta. Ya rage ga jihohi, larduna, da hukumomin kasa don aiwatar da ka'idoji a cikin takardar. * Ci gaban alhakin kwamandan ya kafa alhakin aikata laifuka ga dukkan mutane, gami da likitoci, wadanda ke da hannu a laifukan da aka yi wa bil'adama. Har yanzu akwai gibin da ke cikin ka'idojin da suka shafi azabtar da likita a kasashe da yawa. Ana sa ran mafi girman halayyar ƙwararrun masu kiwon lafiya duk da haka ka'idodin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya ba za a iya aiwatar da su ba lokacin da gwamnatoci ke da hannu a cikin keta doka. Wannan matsayi mafi girma yana nunawa a cikin ka'idodin sadaka, rashin namiji (mafi yawa ba su da lahani), cin gashin kai, adalci, mutunci da yardar da aka sani kuma waɗannan ba a rufe su gaba ɗaya ta Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da azabtarwa ba. == Manazarta == * rqeq2cnuhemivwdsyczq63hbkfofkwo 824035 824034 2026-04-22T08:41:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 824035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tsanani na likita''' yana bayyana shigarwa, ko wani lokacin da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya suka yi a cikin ayyukan [[Gallazawa|azabtarwa]], ko dai don yin hukunci da abin da wadanda abin ya shafa zasu iya jimrewa, don yin amfani da jiyya wanda zai inganta azabtarwa. azabtar da likita ya haɗu da tambayoyin likita idan ya haɗa da amfani da ƙwarewar likitanci don sauƙaƙe tambayoyi ko azabtar da jiki, a cikin gudanar da Gwajin ɗan adam mai azabtarwa ko kuma a cikin samar da izinin likita na ƙwararru da amincewa don azabtar da fursunoni. Har ila yau, azabtarwa ta kiwon lafiya tana rufe gwajin kimiyya mai azabtarwa (ko pseudoscientific) a kan batutuwan ɗan adam da ba sa son rai. == Ka'idodin kiwon lafiya da dokar kasa da kasa == Tsanani na kiwon lafiya ya saba wa ka'idojin kiwon lafiya, wanda ake sa ran duk likitocin su bi. * Alkawarin Hippocratic yana yin bayyane game da lahani da gangan ba don amfanin mai haƙuri ba. Wadannan maganganun galibi ana fassara su a matsayin "Zan tsara tsarin mulki don amfanin marasa lafiya na bisa ga iyawata da hukunci na" da kuma "kada a taɓa cutar da kowa da gangan, don sha'awar kowa". (Lura: waɗannan maganganun sune ka'idojin ka'idoji na alheri da rashin namiji.) * Dangane da Gwajin ɗan adam na Nazi a kan fursunoni a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], wanda aka ayyana a gwajin Nuremberg bayan Yaƙin Duniya ya II a matsayin "laifuka da aka yi wa bil'adama", Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Duniya ta haɓaka Sanarwar Geneva don maye gurbin rantsuwar Hippocratic. Sanarwar Geneva ta buƙaci likitocin su bayyana cewa "[Ni,<nowiki>[Ni, likitan]</nowiki> likita] za su ci gaba da girmama rayuwar ɗan adam tun daga farkonta ko da a ƙarƙashin barazana kuma ba zan yi amfani da ilimin likitanci na ba bisa ka'idojin bil'adama ba". * Har ila yau, gwajin Nuremberg ya haifar da fitowar Dokar Nuremberg wanda a bayyane ya tsara iyakokin gwajin likita mai karɓa. * Bugu da ƙari don mayar da martani ga ta'addanci na Nazi, Yarjejeniyar Geneva ta 1949 ta haramta azabtar da fursunonin yaki da sauran wadanda ba masu gwagwarmaya ba. * Sanarwar Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Duniya ta Tokyo (1975) <ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library -- Links |url=http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/tokyo.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=hrlibrary.umn.edu}}</ref> ta ba da takamaiman maganganu da yawa game da azabtarwa, gami da "Loktor ba zai yarda ba, ya gafarta ko ''shiga cikin'' aikin azabtarwa". * Har ila yau, Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da azabtarwa, wanda ya shafi ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ban da [[yaƙi]]'an tilasta bin doka, ma'aikatan soja, [[Ɗan siyasa|'yan siyasa]], da sauran mutanen da ke aiki a matsayin hukuma, sun haramta amfani da azabtar da kowane yanayi. A karkashin Mataki na 2 (2) na Yarjejeniyar, ya bayyana cewa "Babu wani yanayi na musamman, ko yanayin yaki ko barazanar yaki, Rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa na ciki ko wani gaggawa ta jama'a'a, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman tabbatar da azabtarwa". * Ka'idodin Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da suka dace da Matsayin Ma'aikatan Lafiya, musamman Likitoci, a cikin Kariya ga Fursunoni da Masu Tsaro daga Torturewa da Sauran Magunguna, Rashin Mutum ko Rashin Rashin Rashi ko Hukunci (UN.1982) ya shafi musamman ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da sauran ma'aikatan lafiya amma ba shi da hanyar aiwatarwa don tabbatar da tilasta. Ya rage ga jihohi, larduna, da hukumomin kasa don aiwatar da ka'idoji a cikin takardar. * Ci gaban alhakin kwamandan ya kafa alhakin aikata laifuka ga dukkan mutane, gami da likitoci, wadanda ke da hannu a laifukan da aka yi wa bil'adama. Har yanzu akwai gibin da ke cikin ka'idojin da suka shafi azabtar da likita a kasashe da yawa. Ana sa ran mafi girman halayyar ƙwararrun masu kiwon lafiya duk da haka ka'idodin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya ba za a iya aiwatar da su ba lokacin da gwamnatoci ke da hannu a cikin keta doka. Wannan matsayi mafi girma yana nunawa a cikin ka'idodin sadaka, rashin namiji (mafi yawa ba su da lahani), cin gashin kai, adalci, mutunci da yardar da aka sani kuma waɗannan ba a rufe su gaba ɗaya ta Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da azabtarwa ba. == Manazarta == 3tpgoqno8ivccdainzv99qldwxjfxed 824036 824035 2026-04-22T08:41:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 824036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tsanani na likita''' yana bayyana shigarwa, ko wani lokacin da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya suka yi a cikin ayyukan [[Gallazawa|azabtarwa]], ko dai don yin hukunci da abin da wadanda abin ya shafa zasu iya jimrewa, don yin amfani da jiyya wanda zai inganta azabtarwa. azabtar da likita ya haɗu da tambayoyin likita idan ya haɗa da amfani da ƙwarewar likitanci don sauƙaƙe tambayoyi ko azabtar da jiki, a cikin gudanar da Gwajin ɗan adam mai azabtarwa ko kuma a cikin samar da izinin likita na ƙwararru da amincewa don azabtar da fursunoni. Har ila yau, azabtarwa ta kiwon lafiya tana rufe gwajin kimiyya mai azabtarwa (ko pseudoscientific) a kan batutuwan ɗan adam da ba sa son rai. == Ka'idodin kiwon lafiya da dokar kasa da kasa == Tsanani na kiwon lafiya ya saba wa ka'idojin kiwon lafiya, wanda ake sa ran duk likitocin su bi. * Alkawarin Hippocratic yana yin bayyane game da lahani da gangan ba don amfanin mai haƙuri ba. Wadannan maganganun galibi ana fassara su a matsayin "Zan tsara tsarin mulki don amfanin marasa lafiya na bisa ga iyawata da hukunci na" da kuma "kada a taɓa cutar da kowa da gangan, don sha'awar kowa". (Lura: waɗannan maganganun sune ka'idojin ka'idoji na alheri da rashin namiji.) * Dangane da Gwajin ɗan adam na Nazi a kan fursunoni a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], wanda aka ayyana a gwajin Nuremberg bayan Yaƙin Duniya ya II a matsayin "laifuka da aka yi wa bil'adama", Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Duniya ta haɓaka Sanarwar Geneva don maye gurbin rantsuwar Hippocratic. Sanarwar Geneva ta buƙaci likitocin su bayyana cewa "[Ni,<nowiki>[Ni, likitan]</nowiki> likita] za su ci gaba da girmama rayuwar ɗan adam tun daga farkonta ko da a ƙarƙashin barazana kuma ba zan yi amfani da ilimin likitanci na ba bisa ka'idojin bil'adama ba". * Har ila yau, gwajin Nuremberg ya haifar da fitowar Dokar Nuremberg wanda a bayyane ya tsara iyakokin gwajin likita mai karɓa. * Bugu da ƙari don mayar da martani ga ta'addanci na Nazi, Yarjejeniyar Geneva ta 1949 ta haramta azabtar da fursunonin yaki da sauran wadanda ba masu gwagwarmaya ba. * Sanarwar Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Duniya ta Tokyo (1975) <ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library -- Links |url=http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/tokyo.html |access-date=2019-08-27 |website=hrlibrary.umn.edu}}</ref> ta ba da takamaiman maganganu da yawa game da azabtarwa, gami da "Loktor ba zai yarda ba, ya gafarta ko ''shiga cikin'' aikin azabtarwa". * Har ila yau, Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da azabtarwa, wanda ya shafi ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ban da [[yaƙi]]'an tilasta bin doka, ma'aikatan soja, [[Ɗan siyasa|'yan siyasa]], da sauran mutanen da ke aiki a matsayin hukuma, sun haramta amfani da azabtar da kowane yanayi. A karkashin Mataki na 2 (2) na Yarjejeniyar, ya bayyana cewa "Babu wani yanayi na musamman, ko yanayin yaki ko barazanar yaki, Rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa na ciki ko wani gaggawa ta jama'a'a, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman tabbatar da azabtarwa". * Ka'idodin Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da suka dace da Matsayin Ma'aikatan Lafiya, musamman Likitoci, a cikin Kariya ga Fursunoni da Masu Tsaro daga Torturewa da Sauran Magunguna, Rashin Mutum ko Rashin Rashin Rashi ko Hukunci (UN.1982) ya shafi musamman ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da sauran ma'aikatan lafiya amma ba shi da hanyar aiwatarwa don tabbatar da tilasta. Ya rage ga jihohi, larduna, da hukumomin kasa don aiwatar da ka'idoji a cikin takardar. * Ci gaban alhakin kwamandan ya kafa alhakin aikata laifuka ga dukkan mutane, gami da likitoci, wadanda ke da hannu a laifukan da aka yi wa bil'adama. Har yanzu akwai gibin da ke cikin ka'idojin da suka shafi azabtar da likita a kasashe da yawa. Ana sa ran mafi girman halayyar ƙwararrun masu kiwon lafiya duk da haka ka'idodin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya ba za a iya aiwatar da su ba lokacin da gwamnatoci ke da hannu a cikin keta doka. Wannan matsayi mafi girma yana nunawa a cikin ka'idodin sadaka, rashin namiji (mafi yawa ba su da lahani), cin gashin kai, adalci, mutunci da yardar da aka sani kuma waɗannan ba a rufe su gaba ɗaya ta Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da azabtarwa ba. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ogfq29xdsqgo2rh0wyx62162pk2o1xl 0 111348 823665 784588 2026-04-21T15:28:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 823665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[New Zealand]] ta himmatu ga Universal Declaration of Human Rights kuma ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da [[Siyasa]], dukansu biyu suna dauke da' yancin sirri. Dokar sirri a New Zealand ana magance ta ta doka da doka ta kowa. Dokar Sirriyar 2020 tana magance tattarawa, adanawa da sarrafa bayanai. An kirkiro haƙƙin sirri na gaba ɗaya a cikin laifin sirri. An amince da irin wannan haƙƙin a cikin Hosking v Runting [2003] 3 NZLR 385, shari'ar da ta shafi buga bayanan sirri. A cikin shari'ar da ta biyo baya C v Holland [2012] NZHC 2155 Kotun ta amince da haƙƙin sirri a cikin ma'anar ɓoyewa ko haƙƙin zama 'yanci daga shiga tsakani mara so.{{Refn|For a useful summary see: <ref>{{cite web |url=https://inforrm.org/2012/10/10/case-law-new-zealand-c-v-holland-court-recognises-intrusion-on-seclusion-privacy-tort-hugh-tomlinson-qc/ |title=Case Law, New Zealand, C v Holland, Court recognises “intrusion on seclusion” privacy tort – Hugh Tomlinson QC |date=October 10, 2012 |website=inforrm.org}}</ref>}} == Shari'a == === Dokar 'Yancin New Zealand ta 1990 === [[Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta New Zealand ta 1990|Dokar 'Yancin New Zealand ta 1990]] (NZBORA) ta dogara ne akan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan' Yancin Bil'adama da [[Siyasa]], duk da haka babu wani haƙƙin sirri da aka haɗa a cikin Dokar. Duk da rashin haƙƙin bayyane, sirrin shine tushe ga yawancin haƙƙoƙin da ke cikin NZBORA, kamar 'yanci daga bincike da kwace-kwace mara ma'ana kamar yadda sashi na 21 ya kare. Gaskiyar cewa ba a haɗa haƙƙin sirri a cikin NZBORA ba ya shafar ko ya soke shi ta kowace hanya. An ba da shawarar cewa ba a haɗa [[Keɓantawa|sirrin sirri]] a cikin NZBORA ba saboda wahalar bayyanawa, kuma saboda yanayin zamantakewa a lokacin ba wanda ya dace a aiwatar da haƙƙin da ke da ma'auni mara tabbas da rashin tabbas. [[Fayil:John_Edwards_Privacy_Commissioner.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinan Tsaro na NZ daga 2014-2021, John Edwards]] === Dokar Sirriyar 2020 === [[New Zealand]] tana da doka mai suna Dokar Sirriyar 2020 (wanda ya maye gurbin Dokar Sirri ta 1993). Koyaya, duk da sanarwar cewa Dokar ce don ingantawa da kare sirrin mutum, a zahiri kawai tana rufe sirrin bayanai. An kirkiro Dokar Tsaro don yaki da damuwa game da ci gaban fasaha da kuma damar da za a yi amfani da su don samun damar bayanan sirri, lokacin da wannan haɗarin ya kasance ƙasa da tsarin bayanan hannu. Dokar ta ƙunshi ƙa'idodin sirri na bayanai 13 waɗanda ke sarrafa sarrafa sarrafa bayanan sirri ta hukumomi. An bayyana 'ofishin' a matsayin kowane mutum ko jikin mutane, ko na jama'a ko masu zaman kansu, kuma ko kamfanoni ko ba a haɗa su ba, tare da ƙayyadaddun banbanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Information privacy principles and codes of practice |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23342.html |access-date=12 February 2022 |publisher=Parliamentary Counsel Office}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai banbanci da yawa ga Ka'idodin Sirriyar Bayanai, wanda za'a iya samunsa a cikin ka'idojin da kuma a wasu wurare a cikin Dokar. Lokacin da mutum ya ji cewa an karya ka'idojin zai iya shigar da korafi ga Kwamishinan Tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 114 Agency to notify Commissioner of notifiable privacy breach – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23503.html.}}</ref> Kwamishinan Tsaro ya bincika korafin kuma ya aiwatar da tsarin sulhu maimakon azabtarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 123 Compliance notices – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23511.html}}</ref> Idan ba za a iya warware korafin ba, ana iya tura shi zuwa Kotun Binciken Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, wanda zai iya ko ba zai sake la'akari da halin da ake ciki ba, kuma mai yiwuwa ba za su yi la'akari le korafi ba (musamman idan batun yana da alaƙa da bashi). Idan Kotun ta gano cewa an yi keta doka, tana iya ba da magunguna da yawa ciki har da lalacewa da umarni na hanawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 134 Application of Human Rights Act 1993 – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23527.html}}</ref> Dokar Sirriyar ta amince da cewa sirrin ba cikakkiyar ra'ayi ba ne kuma akwai wasu dalilai da ake buƙatar auna su don sanin abin da sakamakon ya kamata ya zama. Kwamishinan Tsaro dole ne koyaushe ya yi la'akari da dalilai kamar haƙƙin ɗan adam, abubuwan da ke cikin jama'a, da wajibai da jagororin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 21 Commissioner to have regard to certain matters – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23333.html}}</ref> Kwamishinan Tsaro yana iya ba da izini game da amfani da bayanan sirri wanda zai saba wa Dokar idan ya gamsu da cewa sha'awar jama'a ko fa'ida ya fi tsangwama da sirrin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 30 Commissioner may authorise collection, use, storage, or disclosure of personal information otherwise in breach of IPP 2 or IPPs 9 to 12 – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23350.html}}</ref> === Dokar watsa shirye-shirye ta 1989 === Dokar watsa shirye-shirye ta 1989 ta buƙaci masu watsa shirye-'shirye su kula da ka'idojin da suka dace da sirrin mutum. Dokar ta kafa Hukumar Kula da Ka'idojin watsa shirye-shirye (BSA), wacce ke da ayyukan karɓar da yanke shawara game da korafe-korafe game da masu watsa shirye-aikace, bayar da ra'ayoyin da suka shafi halayyar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji a cikin watsa shirye-'a, da bayar da ka'idodin aiki ga masu watsa shirye'a da ƙarfafa bin su. Ana yawan ambaton sirri a cikin lambobin da ka'idojin al'amuran aiki ta BSA. Duk da yake Dokar watsa shirye-shirye ba ta ba da wani bayani game da abin da ya zama keta sirrin ba, BSA tana da ka'idoji bakwai da suka shafi zargin keta sirrin. A la'akari da korafi, BSA na iya ba da magunguna iri-iri idan ta sami cewa an yi keta doka, amma babu ikon ɗaukar korafi zuwa kotun doka bisa ga ka'idodin da ke cikin Dokar. == Dokar al'ada == Wani laifi na mamaye sirrin ya wanzu a [[New Zealand]]. Shari'ar da aka yarda da ita ce ta farko da ta gano cewa kuskuren sirri na iya kasancewa ita ce ''Tucker v News Media Ownership Ltd'', inda alƙalin ya goyi bayan gabatar da irin wannan kuskuren cikin dokar New Zealand. Bayan 'yan shekaru a cikin ''Bradley v Wingnut Films'', alƙalin ya yarda cewa akwai laifi na sirri a cikin dokar [[New Zealand|New Zealand,]] amma ya kamata a kusanci shi da taka tsantsan kamar yadda yake a farkon matakan ci gaba. Hukuncin Kotun Koli ta [[New Zealand]] mafi mahimmanci shine na ''P da D v Independent News Auckland Ltd''[bayanin 2], inda kotun ta bayyana abubuwan da ke tattare da ɓoye sirri kamar haka: * Bayyana gaskiyar jama'a * Abubuwan da aka bayyana na sirri ne * Abubuwan da aka bayyana a fili za a dauke su da mummunan rauni ga mutum mai hankali * Akwai rashin isasshen damuwa na jama'a game da gaskiyar da aka bayyana a fili. Kotun daukaka kara ta New Zealand a cikin mafi rinjaye a cikin ''Hosking da Runting'' ta yarda cewa akwai laifi na sirri a New Zealand. An tabbatar da laifin ne saboda ana buƙatar kariya a wannan yanki kuma karya amincewa bai dace da rufe yanayin da ya shafi sirri ba. Abubuwa biyu da ake buƙata don laifin da aka tsara ta mafi rinjaye suna nuna waɗanda aka tsara a cikin ''P da D'': * Kasancewar gaskiyar da aka sa ran zama sirri * Tallace-tallace da aka ba wa waɗancan hujjoji waɗanda za a ɗauka suna da ƙyama sosai ta hanyar mutum mai ma'ana da mai ma'auni. Bugu da kari, dole ne a a auna sirrin a kan kare damuwar jama'a wanda ya ƙunshi haƙƙin [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]]. Kotun Koli ta New Zealand a cikin shari'a daya ta yarda cewa akwai laifi na sirri don dalilan shari'ar da ke gabanta, amma tana da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da bukatun da aikace-aikacen. A cikin Brooker v Police kotun ta amince da shawarar Hosking amma ta guji yin sharhi. == Tsaro da leken asiri == === Hukumomin leken asiri da tsaro na New Zealand === Hukumomin gwamnati guda biyu suna da alhakin saka idanu kan tsaron kasa na New Zealand: Ofishin Tsaro na Sadarwa na Gwamnati ('GCSB') da kuma Ofishin leken asiri na tsaro ('SIS'). Kafin gabatar da Dokar leken asiri da tsaro ta 2017, waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna aiki sosai da kansu daga juna, kuma asirin gaba ɗaya ya kewaye ainihin ayyukansu da iyawarsu. Yawancin rikice-rikice sun samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa SIS da GCSB sun bayyana suna da manufofi daban-daban wanda ke nufin cewa, idan an buƙata, hadin kai da daidaitawa zai iya zama mai rikitarwa da rikitarwa. Misali, SIS ne kawai zai iya yin sa ido, ko leken asiri, a kan 'yan New Zealand, kamar yadda Dokar Kula da leken asiri ta New Zealand ta 1969. Akwai ka'idoji game da abin da aka ba da izinin 'ayyukan leken asiri', kuma a matsayin abin da ake buƙata, duk wani sa ido da aka tsara dole ne ya dace da "tsaro" da barazanar da ke tattare da shi, kamar lokuta na 'leken asiri, sabuntawa, juyin mulki ko hare-haren ta'addanci'.<ref name="equaljusticeproject.co.nz">{{Cite web |title=Cross-Examination: Changing How New Zealand's Intelligence Agencies Operate – Insightful or Irrational? |url=https://www.equaljusticeproject.co.nz/blog/2016/09/cross-examination-changing-how-new-zealands-intelligence-agencies-operate-insightful-or-irrational |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=Equal Justice Project |language=en-GB |archive-date=2019-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820082327/https://www.equaljusticeproject.co.nz/blog/2016/09/cross-examination-changing-how-new-zealands-intelligence-agencies-operate-insightful-or-irrational |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Yanayin sa ido na 2013 === A watan Satumbar 2012, [[Paul Neazor]], Sufeto-Janar na leken asiri da tsaro ya shawarci John Key, Firayim Minista na New Zealand na lokacin, game da halin da ake ciki wanda daga baya za a kira "tsayar da ba bisa ka'ida ba" na mutumin da GCSB ta sani da Kim Dotcom.<ref name="rnz.co.nz">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-24 |title=GCSB used 'unlawful interception' in Dotcom case |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/116519/gcsb-used-%27unlawful-interception%27-in-dotcom-case |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=[[RNZ]] |language=en-nz}}</ref> Bayan buƙatar da aka yi daga Ofishin Bincike na Tarayyar Amurka cewa a mika Kim Dotcom zuwa Amurka, GCSB ta leƙen asirin Mista Dotcom don taimakawa bukatar FBI.<ref name="rnz.co.nz" /> Koyaya, kamar yadda GCSB ba ta da ikon doka don gudanar da sa ido, Mai Shari'a Gilbert na Kotun daukaka kara, an dauke shi ba bisa ka'ida ba.<ref>The New Zealand Herald "Judge: Dotcom spied on two months longer than previously admitted" (21 July 2017) http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11893618e<nowiki/>{{Dead link|date=November 2019}}</ref> Bayan wannan abin da ya faru da aka yada a ko'ina, Darakta na GCSB Ian Fletcher da Babban Darakta ya Sashen Firayim Minista da Ma'aikatar Andrew Kibblewhite sun fara sake dubawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review of Compliance at the Government Communications Security Bureau |url=https://www.gcsb.govt.nz/assets/GCSB-Compliance-Review/Review-of-Compliance.pdf |access-date=2019-11-27 |website=www.gcsb.govt.nz}}</ref> Sun sanya Sakatariyar majalisar Rebecca Kitteridge a lokacin tare da gudanar da bita don duba cikin "ayyukan, tsarin da matakai tun daga 1 ga Afrilu 2003".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review of compliance |url=https://www.gcsb.govt.nz/our-work/review-of-compliance/ |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.gcsb.govt.nz}}</ref> Wannan kwanan wata yana da mahimmanci saboda shine ranar da Dokar Tsaro ta Sadarwar Gwamnati ta 2003 ta fara aiki. [[Fayil:2015_05_18_Rebecca_Kitteridge_cropped.jpg|left|thumb|178x178px|Rebecca Kitteridge a cikin 2015. Ta gudanar da bita game da bin doka na GCSB. Ita ce kuma Darakta na yanzu na NZ SIS .]] "[https://www.gcsb.govt.nz/assets/GCSB-Compliance-Review/Review-of-Compliance.pdf Rahoton Kitteridge]" ya kammala cewa GCSB ba ta da tushe na doka da ikon yin yawancin ayyukan leƙen asiri - gami da sa ido da aka yi a kan Kim Dotcom. Rahoton Kitteridge ya ba da shawarwari da yawa don tabbatar da cewa hukumar Gwamnati tana da ikon doka don yin ayyukan da suka dace. Dukkanin shawarwarin da aka gabatar a cikin Rahoton Kitteridge Gwamnati da GCSB sun yarda da su wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauyen majalisa da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da ba GCSB damar bayyanawa don yin sa ido bisa doka a kan 'yan New Zealand lokacin da SIS, 'yan sanda ko Sojojin tsaro suka buƙaci. A lokacin da aka gabatar da waɗannan canje-canje, tare da ƙaruwar damuwa game da haƙƙin New Zealanders na sirri, Firayim Minista na lokacin John Key ya bayyana cewa "sabon dokar ba ta ƙarawa ga fadada ikon ofishin ba".<ref name="stuff.co.nz" /> Yanzu ya halatta ga GCSB don yin leken asiri bisa doka a kan New Zealanders sakamakon sake fasalin 2013. <ref name="equaljusticeproject.co.nz"/> Bugu da kari, rawar da GCSB ke takawa ta fadada kuma yanzu tana iya yin sa ido kan "rabi na SIS, 'yan sanda ko sojojin tsaro, ko don dalilan tsaro na yanar gizo".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vance |first=Andrea |date=20 August 2013 |title=Demystifying the GCSB bill: Spies and lies |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/9064984/Demystifying-the-GCSB-bill-Spies-and-lies |access-date=2018-10-03 |website=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |language=en}}</ref> === Yanayin sa ido na 2016 === A watan Agustan 2016 Firayim Minista na lokacin John Key ya ba da sanarwar cewa saboda barazanar ISIS da ta'addanci na duniya, Gwamnatin New Zealand za ta gabatar da sabbin dokoki don samar da ƙarin kariya ga New Zealanders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-15 |title=Potential terror threat sparks likely law change |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/potential-terror-threat-sparks-likely-law-change |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=[[Otago Daily Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Sir Michael Cullen da Dame Patsy Reddy ne suka gudanar da Binciken Bincike da Tsaro na farko na New Zealand, kuma sun kalli "tsarin majalisa da ke kula da hukumomin kuma sun yi la'akari da ko an sanya su da kyau don kare tsaron kasa na yanzu da na gaba na New Zealand yayin kare haƙƙin mutum".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intelligence and security review to commence in June |url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/intelligence-and-security-review-commence-june |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=The Beehive |language=en}}</ref> An kammala bita a ƙarshen Fabrairu 2016, kuma binciken da ya yi ya ba da shawarar cewa a gabatar da Dokar guda ɗaya don kawo dukkan hukumomin leken asiri da tsaro na New Zealand tare.<ref name="equaljusticeproject.co.nz"/> Cullen da Reddy sun gano batutuwa da yawa a cikin rahoton su. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan batutuwan da aka gano shi ne cewa yanayin majalisa da aka ragargaje yana nufin cewa yana da wahala a kawo hukumomi da yawa tare lokacin da ake buƙata. Saboda kowane hukumar leken asiri da tsaro ta yi aiki a karkashin tsarin dokoki nasa, yana da rikicewa ga 'yan New Zealand su fahimci wane hukumar da ke da alhakin abin da, da kuma ainihin abin da ikon su na doka da iyawarsu suka kasance. Masu bita sun kammala cewa "Dokar guda ɗaya" ta zama dole don shawo kan waɗannan batutuwan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Intelligence and Security Bill |url=https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2017-03/NZ-Intelligence-and-Security-Bill-Regulatory-Impact-Statement-Addendum-Web-version.pdf |access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref> Sun yi sharhi cewa Dokar guda ɗaya za ta:<blockquote>"ba da cikakken ra'ayi game da ayyukan hukumomi da iko, da kuma dubawa da ma'auni waɗanda suka shafi aikin ikonsu ... [kuma] za su guji rashin daidaituwa da gibin tsakanin dokoki daban-daban kuma su ba da damar daidaitaccen ka'idojin da za a yi amfani da su ga hukumomin da kuma kulawar su".[and]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intelligence and Security in a Free Society |url=https://www.parliament.nz/resource/en-nz/51dbhoh_pap68536_1/64eeb7436d6fd817fb382a2005988c74dabd21fe |access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref> </blockquote>Tabbas, zana jikin biyu tare zai sauƙaƙa musu yin aiki tare lokacin da ake buƙata. Wani batun da ya shafi masu bita shine rashin kariya ta tsaro ga mutanen New Zealand a karkashin dokar da ke akwai. An kafa dokar da ta fi dacewa da leken asiri da sa ido kimanin shekaru 47 da suka gabata, Dokar leken asiri ta Tsaro ta New Zealand ta 1969. A cikin waɗannan shekarun da ci gaban da ke tattare da fasaha, buƙatar sake fasalin doka ta karu sosai. Yayin da kungiyoyin ta'addanci ke ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin fasahar su, dokokin yanzu suna da sauri su zama tsofaffi kuma ba su dace da al'ummar yau ba. === Dokar leken asiri da tsaro ta 2017 === Manufar Dokar leken asiri da tsaro ta 2017 ita ce kawo haske da haɗin kai ga GCSB da SIS, hukumomin biyu a New Zealand da ke da alhakin saka idanu kan tsaro da leken asiri na kasar. Dokar ta kasance "amsa kai tsaye ga rahoton Binciken Bincike na Farko na Bincike da Tsaro a New Zealand: Bincike le Tsaro a cikin Al'umma Mai Kyau, kuma ya maye gurbin Ayyuka huɗu da suka shafi GCSB, NZSIS, da hukumomin kula da su".<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Intelligence and Security Bill - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/sc/make-a-submission/document/51SCFDT_SCF_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1/new-zealand-intelligence-and-security-bill |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> Idan aka ba da muhimmancin wannan dokar da aka gabatar, lokacin da aka kira gabatarwar jama'a don Dokar, Kwamitin Zaɓuɓɓuka ya karɓi 92. Wadannan sun hada da gabatarwar da New Zealand Law Society, <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Law Society - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/sc/submissions-and-advice/document/51SCFDT_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1_A534604/new-zealand-law-society |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> [[Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam (New Zealand)|Kwamishinan Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na New Zealand]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Human Rights Commission Supp 1 - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/sc/submissions-and-advice/document/51SCFDT_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1_A535738/new-zealand-human-rights-commission-supp-1 |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> da Kwamishinan Tsaro <ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Commissioner - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/sc/submissions-and-advice/document/51SCFDT_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1_A534215/privacy-commissioner |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> da kuma yawancin shawarwarinsu sun kasance iri ɗaya a cikin yanayi suna nuna damuwa game da kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su don tsara Dokar da ke sa ikon hukumomin ba su da tabbas, da kuma yiwuwar a karya haƙƙin sirri na talakawa na New Zealand. Kodayake dokar ta yi niyya don ba da sa ido da bayyana gaskiya ga hukumomin leken asiri da tsaro na New Zealand, an tsara dokar ta hanyar da ta ba da iko mai nisa ga GCSB da SIS don yin sa ido kan 'yan New Zealand da wadanda ba mazauna ba ta hanyoyin da aka haramta a baya. Tushen yin hakan shi ne tsaron ƙasar New Zealand na cikin haɗari tare da kasancewa da haɗarin ta'addanci a cikin al'ummar yau. Sabuwar Dokar ta fadada ikon GCSB don yin sa ido kan New Zealanders, yayin da a baya, SIS ne kawai aka ba da izinin yin hakan. Wannan fadada ikon GCSB yana da damar samun mummunar tasiri ga duk mutanen New Zealand, kamar yadda marubuci da kuma farfesa na shari'a Stephen Penk ya lura, "suna lura da mutum na iya haifar da asarar sirri ta hanyar asarar mutum na iko ko cin gashin kansa lokacin da, yawanci, yana ƙarƙashin kulawar ayyukansa, ƙungiyoyi ko sadarwa ba da ake so" Kamar yadda shawarwarin da Cullen da Reddy suka bayar sabon Dokar ta rufe batutuwa da yawa kamar: * Samar da GCSB da SIS tare a karkashin Dokar guda don cimma hadin kai tsakanin hukumomin.<ref name=":0"/> * Bayyana dokoki game da saka idanu, tattarawa, da adana hankali na ɗan adam.<ref name=":0" /> * Yin SIS da GCSB sassan gwamnati na jihar, sabili da haka yana buƙatar su bi duk ka'idojin da ke kula da hukumomin gwamnati na jihar.<ref name=":0" /> An bayyana manufar Dokar a Sashe na 3; wanda shine "kare New Zealand a matsayin al'umma mai 'yanci, budewa, da dimokuradiyya".<ref name=":0"/> Ana samun wannan ta hanyar: Sashe na 2 na Dokar "ya ci gaba da SIS da GCSB" amma ya bayyana cewa za su kasance hukumomi biyu daban-daban tare da bambance-bambance a cikin iyawa da hanyoyin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Intelligence and Security Bill: Initial briefing to foreign affairs, defence and trade committee |url=https://www.parliament.nz/resource/en-NZ/51SCFDT_ADV_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1_A531472/0cb95a4e4fce0d3eb5fc334e4d92e96fe68f21d2 |access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref> Kodayake Sashe na 2 ya lura da waɗannan bambance-bambance, za su ci gaba da samun manufofi da ayyuka da aka raba a ƙarƙashin tsarin "hadin warranting".<ref name=":1" /> Dangane da damuwa cewa wannan dokar da aka gabatar ta tsoma baki da haƙƙin ɗan adam na New Zealand, Sashe na 2 ya ba da kariya da yawa.<ref name=":1"/> Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan kariya an bayyana shi a sashe na 12 da 13 wanda "yana buƙatar hukumomin suyi aiki daidai da dokar New Zealand da duk wajibai na haƙƙin ɗan adam, gami da lokacin da suke aiki tare ko raba bayanan sirri tare da abokan hulɗa na ƙasashen waje".<ref name=":1" /> Wadannan sassan sun kasance shawarwari kai tsaye na Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam don tabbatar da cewa New Zealand ta bi wajibai na kasa da kasa da na cikin gida na kare hakkin dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Submission to the Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee on the New Zealand Intelligence and Security Bill |url=https://www.hrc.co.nz/files/6014/7675/8898/Submission_to_the_Foreign_Affairs_Defence_and_Trade_Committee_on_the_New....pdf |access-date=2019-11-27 |archive-date=2020-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115151023/https://www.hrc.co.nz/files/6014/7675/8898/Submission_to_the_Foreign_Affairs_Defence_and_Trade_Committee_on_the_New....pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sashe na 22 na Dokar ya ba da ƙarin kariya ta ba da kariya ga "yancin shiga cikin shawarwari, zanga-zanga da rashin amincewa".<ref name=":1"/> Wannan muhimmiyar haƙƙin ɗan adam ce mai tsawo wanda ya kamata a kare shi. Hakkin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki an tsara shi a cikin Dokar' Yancin New Zealand ta 1990, tare da sashi na 14 da ke nuna cewa "kowane mutum yana da' yancin faɗakarwa, gami da' yanci don neman, karɓa da ba da bayanai da ra'ayoyi na kowane nau'i". Har ila yau, an bayyana haƙƙin a cikin wasu kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam da yawa, kamar Mataki na 19 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa, wanda kuma ke tabbatar da wannan haƙƙin. Har ila yau, an nuna shi a cikin Universal Declaration of Human Rights: "Kowane mutum yana da 'yancin ra'ayi da faɗar albarkacin baki; wannan haƙƙin ya haɗa da' yancin riƙe ra'ayoyi ba tare da tsangwama ba da neman, karɓa da ba da bayanai da ra'ayoyin ta kowane kafofin watsa labarai kuma ba tare da la'akari da iyakoki ba". == Hanyoyin da za su bi nan gaba == A cikin hukunce-hukuncen da suka saba da juna a cikin shari'ar Brooker v Police ta 2007, alƙalai biyu na Kotun Koli ta New Zealand sun nuna goyon bayansu ga karfafa haƙƙin sirri a New Zealand. McGrath J ya bayyana amincewar kasa da kasa da na cikin gida game da haƙƙin sirri, ya kammala cewa sirrin yana kusa da daidaita ƙarfin da aka ba da haƙƙin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, kuma ya yi amfani da abubuwan sirrin mutum da ya damu a cikin shari'ar a matsayin babban dalilin kammalawarsa da rashin amincewa. Thomas J a bayyane ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga sirri don a ba shi matsayin dama, kuma ya yi la'akari da goyon bayansa ta hanyar ambaton NZBORA, kayan aiki na duniya, yanke shawara na shari'a da halayen zamantakewa. A watan Agustan 2011, Hukumar Shari'a ta New Zealand ta fitar da kashi na huɗu kuma na ƙarshe ga cikakken bincike game da yanayin dokokin sirri na New Zealand. Sassan huɗu suna tattauna manufar sirri, rajistar jama'a, mamayewar sirri a cikin yanayin farar hula da na laifi, da Dokar Sirri ta 1993. Hukumar ta ba da shawarar yin canje-canje da yawa ga doka, kamar ƙirƙirar rajistar Kada Ka Kira da kuma inganta kariya ga bayanan kan layi. Wasu daga cikin wadannan shawarwari a halin yanzu ana gabatar da su a gaban majalisa, yayin da wasu a halin yanzu suna jiran amsa daga gwamnati. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2018, Ministan Shari'a Andrew Little ya gabatar da Dokar Sirri don gyara Dokar Sirri ta 1993. Dokar za ta soke kuma ta maye gurbin Dokar da ke yanzu kuma ta yi canje-canje daban-daban, gami da karfafa iko ga Kwamishinan Tsaro, gabatar da rahoto na tilas game da keta sirrin sirri, samar da sabbin laifuka da kara tarar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy law reform |url=https://www.privacy.org.nz/the-privacy-act-and-codes/privacy-law-reform/ |access-date=2019-01-03 |website=www.privacy.org.nz |archive-date=2019-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823220939/https://www.privacy.org.nz/the-privacy-act-and-codes/privacy-law-reform/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Bill - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/bills-and-laws/bills-proposed-laws/document/BILL_77618/privacy-bill |access-date=2019-01-03 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Dokar Bayar da Bayani ta Sirri == Bayani == <nowiki>mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m3awkuvgglhozf58k79ax3wqcpxc1c6 823666 823665 2026-04-21T15:29:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 823666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[New Zealand]] ta himmatu ga Universal Declaration of Human Rights kuma ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da [[Siyasa]], dukansu biyu suna dauke da' yancin sirri. Dokar sirri a New Zealand ana magance ta ta doka da doka ta kowa. Dokar Sirriyar 2020 tana magance tattarawa, adanawa da sarrafa bayanai. An kirkiro haƙƙin sirri na gaba ɗaya a cikin laifin sirri. An amince da irin wannan haƙƙin a cikin Hosking v Runting [2003] 3 NZLR 385, shari'ar da ta shafi buga bayanan sirri. A cikin shari'ar da ta biyo baya C v Holland [2012] NZHC 2155 Kotun ta amince da haƙƙin sirri a cikin ma'anar ɓoyewa ko haƙƙin zama 'yanci daga shiga tsakani mara so.{{Refn|For a useful summary see: <ref>{{cite web |url=https://inforrm.org/2012/10/10/case-law-new-zealand-c-v-holland-court-recognises-intrusion-on-seclusion-privacy-tort-hugh-tomlinson-qc/ |title=Case Law, New Zealand, C v Holland, Court recognises “intrusion on seclusion” privacy tort – Hugh Tomlinson QC |date=October 10, 2012 |website=inforrm.org}}</ref>}} == Shari'a == === Dokar 'Yancin New Zealand ta 1990 === [[Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta New Zealand ta 1990|Dokar 'Yancin New Zealand ta 1990]] (NZBORA) ta dogara ne akan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan' Yancin Bil'adama da [[Siyasa]], duk da haka babu wani haƙƙin sirri da aka haɗa a cikin Dokar. Duk da rashin haƙƙin bayyane, sirrin shine tushe ga yawancin haƙƙoƙin da ke cikin NZBORA, kamar 'yanci daga bincike da kwace-kwace mara ma'ana kamar yadda sashi na 21 ya kare. Gaskiyar cewa ba a haɗa haƙƙin sirri a cikin NZBORA ba ya shafar ko ya soke shi ta kowace hanya. An ba da shawarar cewa ba a haɗa [[Keɓantawa|sirrin sirri]] a cikin NZBORA ba saboda wahalar bayyanawa, kuma saboda yanayin zamantakewa a lokacin ba wanda ya dace a aiwatar da haƙƙin da ke da ma'auni mara tabbas da rashin tabbas. [[Fayil:John_Edwards_Privacy_Commissioner.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinan Tsaro na NZ daga 2014-2021, John Edwards]] === Dokar Sirriyar 2020 === [[New Zealand]] tana da doka mai suna Dokar Sirriyar 2020 (wanda ya maye gurbin Dokar Sirri ta 1993). Koyaya, duk da sanarwar cewa Dokar ce don ingantawa da kare sirrin mutum, a zahiri kawai tana rufe sirrin bayanai. An kirkiro Dokar Tsaro don yaki da damuwa game da ci gaban fasaha da kuma damar da za a yi amfani da su don samun damar bayanan sirri, lokacin da wannan haɗarin ya kasance ƙasa da tsarin bayanan hannu. Dokar ta ƙunshi ƙa'idodin sirri na bayanai 13 waɗanda ke sarrafa sarrafa sarrafa bayanan sirri ta hukumomi. An bayyana 'ofishin' a matsayin kowane mutum ko jikin mutane, ko na jama'a ko masu zaman kansu, kuma ko kamfanoni ko ba a haɗa su ba, tare da ƙayyadaddun banbanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Information privacy principles and codes of practice |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23342.html |access-date=12 February 2022 |publisher=Parliamentary Counsel Office}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai banbanci da yawa ga Ka'idodin Sirriyar Bayanai, wanda za'a iya samunsa a cikin ka'idojin da kuma a wasu wurare a cikin Dokar. Lokacin da mutum ya ji cewa an karya ka'idojin zai iya shigar da korafi ga Kwamishinan Tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 114 Agency to notify Commissioner of notifiable privacy breach – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23503.html.}}</ref> Kwamishinan Tsaro ya bincika korafin kuma ya aiwatar da tsarin sulhu maimakon azabtarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 123 Compliance notices – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23511.html}}</ref> Idan ba za a iya warware korafin ba, ana iya tura shi zuwa Kotun Binciken Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, wanda zai iya ko ba zai sake la'akari da halin da ake ciki ba, kuma mai yiwuwa ba za su yi la'akari le korafi ba (musamman idan batun yana da alaƙa da bashi). Idan Kotun ta gano cewa an yi keta doka, tana iya ba da magunguna da yawa ciki har da lalacewa da umarni na hanawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 134 Application of Human Rights Act 1993 – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23527.html}}</ref> Dokar Sirriyar ta amince da cewa sirrin ba cikakkiyar ra'ayi ba ne kuma akwai wasu dalilai da ake buƙatar auna su don sanin abin da sakamakon ya kamata ya zama. Kwamishinan Tsaro dole ne koyaushe ya yi la'akari da dalilai kamar haƙƙin ɗan adam, abubuwan da ke cikin jama'a, da wajibai da jagororin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 21 Commissioner to have regard to certain matters – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23333.html}}</ref> Kwamishinan Tsaro yana iya ba da izini game da amfani da bayanan sirri wanda zai saba wa Dokar idan ya gamsu da cewa sha'awar jama'a ko fa'ida ya fi tsangwama da sirrin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 30 Commissioner may authorise collection, use, storage, or disclosure of personal information otherwise in breach of IPP 2 or IPPs 9 to 12 – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23350.html}}</ref> === Dokar watsa shirye-shirye ta 1989 === Dokar watsa shirye-shirye ta 1989 ta buƙaci masu watsa shirye-'shirye su kula da ka'idojin da suka dace da sirrin mutum. Dokar ta kafa Hukumar Kula da Ka'idojin watsa shirye-shirye (BSA), wacce ke da ayyukan karɓar da yanke shawara game da korafe-korafe game da masu watsa shirye-aikace, bayar da ra'ayoyin da suka shafi halayyar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji a cikin watsa shirye-'a, da bayar da ka'idodin aiki ga masu watsa shirye'a da ƙarfafa bin su. Ana yawan ambaton sirri a cikin lambobin da ka'idojin al'amuran aiki ta BSA. Duk da yake Dokar watsa shirye-shirye ba ta ba da wani bayani game da abin da ya zama keta sirrin ba, BSA tana da ka'idoji bakwai da suka shafi zargin keta sirrin. A la'akari da korafi, BSA na iya ba da magunguna iri-iri idan ta sami cewa an yi keta doka, amma babu ikon ɗaukar korafi zuwa kotun doka bisa ga ka'idodin da ke cikin Dokar. == Dokar al'ada == Wani laifi na mamaye sirrin ya wanzu a [[New Zealand]]. Shari'ar da aka yarda da ita ce ta farko da ta gano cewa kuskuren sirri na iya kasancewa ita ce ''Tucker v News Media Ownership Ltd'', inda alƙalin ya goyi bayan gabatar da irin wannan kuskuren cikin dokar New Zealand. Bayan 'yan shekaru a cikin ''Bradley v Wingnut Films'', alƙalin ya yarda cewa akwai laifi na sirri a cikin dokar [[New Zealand|New Zealand,]] amma ya kamata a kusanci shi da taka tsantsan kamar yadda yake a farkon matakan ci gaba. Hukuncin Kotun Koli ta [[New Zealand]] mafi mahimmanci shine na ''P da D v Independent News Auckland Ltd''[bayanin 2], inda kotun ta bayyana abubuwan da ke tattare da ɓoye sirri kamar haka: * Bayyana gaskiyar jama'a * Abubuwan da aka bayyana na sirri ne * Abubuwan da aka bayyana a fili za a dauke su da mummunan rauni ga mutum mai hankali * Akwai rashin isasshen damuwa na jama'a game da gaskiyar da aka bayyana a fili. Kotun daukaka kara ta New Zealand a cikin mafi rinjaye a cikin ''Hosking da Runting'' ta yarda cewa akwai laifi na sirri a New Zealand. An tabbatar da laifin ne saboda ana buƙatar kariya a wannan yanki kuma karya amincewa bai dace da rufe yanayin da ya shafi sirri ba. Abubuwa biyu da ake buƙata don laifin da aka tsara ta mafi rinjaye suna nuna waɗanda aka tsara a cikin ''P da D'': * Kasancewar gaskiyar da aka sa ran zama sirri * Tallace-tallace da aka ba wa waɗancan hujjoji waɗanda za a ɗauka suna da ƙyama sosai ta hanyar mutum mai ma'ana da mai ma'auni. Bugu da kari, dole ne a a auna sirrin a kan kare damuwar jama'a wanda ya ƙunshi haƙƙin [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]]. Kotun Koli ta New Zealand a cikin shari'a daya ta yarda cewa akwai laifi na sirri don dalilan shari'ar da ke gabanta, amma tana da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da bukatun da aikace-aikacen. A cikin Brooker v Police kotun ta amince da shawarar Hosking amma ta guji yin sharhi. == Tsaro da leken asiri == === Hukumomin leken asiri da tsaro na New Zealand === Hukumomin gwamnati guda biyu suna da alhakin saka idanu kan tsaron kasa na New Zealand: Ofishin Tsaro na Sadarwa na Gwamnati ('GCSB') da kuma Ofishin leken asiri na tsaro ('SIS'). Kafin gabatar da Dokar leken asiri da tsaro ta 2017, waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna aiki sosai da kansu daga juna, kuma asirin gaba ɗaya ya kewaye ainihin ayyukansu da iyawarsu. Yawancin rikice-rikice sun samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa SIS da GCSB sun bayyana suna da manufofi daban-daban wanda ke nufin cewa, idan an buƙata, hadin kai da daidaitawa zai iya zama mai rikitarwa da rikitarwa. Misali, SIS ne kawai zai iya yin sa ido, ko leken asiri, a kan 'yan New Zealand, kamar yadda Dokar Kula da leken asiri ta New Zealand ta 1969. Akwai ka'idoji game da abin da aka ba da izinin 'ayyukan leken asiri', kuma a matsayin abin da ake buƙata, duk wani sa ido da aka tsara dole ne ya dace da "tsaro" da barazanar da ke tattare da shi, kamar lokuta na 'leken asiri, sabuntawa, juyin mulki ko hare-haren ta'addanci'.<ref name="equaljusticeproject.co.nz">{{Cite web |title=Cross-Examination: Changing How New Zealand's Intelligence Agencies Operate – Insightful or Irrational? |url=https://www.equaljusticeproject.co.nz/blog/2016/09/cross-examination-changing-how-new-zealands-intelligence-agencies-operate-insightful-or-irrational |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=Equal Justice Project |language=en-GB |archive-date=2019-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820082327/https://www.equaljusticeproject.co.nz/blog/2016/09/cross-examination-changing-how-new-zealands-intelligence-agencies-operate-insightful-or-irrational |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Yanayin sa ido na 2013 === A watan Satumbar 2012, Paul Neazor, Sufeto-Janar na leken asiri da tsaro ya shawarci John Key, Firayim Minista na New Zealand na lokacin, game da halin da ake ciki wanda daga baya za a kira "tsayar da ba bisa ka'ida ba" na mutumin da GCSB ta sani da Kim Dotcom.<ref name="rnz.co.nz">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-24 |title=GCSB used 'unlawful interception' in Dotcom case |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/116519/gcsb-used-%27unlawful-interception%27-in-dotcom-case |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=[[RNZ]] |language=en-nz}}</ref> Bayan buƙatar da aka yi daga Ofishin Bincike na Tarayyar Amurka cewa a mika Kim Dotcom zuwa Amurka, GCSB ta leƙen asirin Mista Dotcom don taimakawa bukatar FBI.<ref name="rnz.co.nz" /> Koyaya, kamar yadda GCSB ba ta da ikon doka don gudanar da sa ido, Mai Shari'a Gilbert na Kotun daukaka kara, an dauke shi ba bisa ka'ida ba.<ref>The New Zealand Herald "Judge: Dotcom spied on two months longer than previously admitted" (21 July 2017) http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11893618e<nowiki/>{{Dead link|date=November 2019}}</ref> Bayan wannan abin da ya faru da aka yada a ko'ina, Darakta na GCSB Ian Fletcher da Babban Darakta ya Sashen Firayim Minista da Ma'aikatar Andrew Kibblewhite sun fara sake dubawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review of Compliance at the Government Communications Security Bureau |url=https://www.gcsb.govt.nz/assets/GCSB-Compliance-Review/Review-of-Compliance.pdf |access-date=2019-11-27 |website=www.gcsb.govt.nz}}</ref> Sun sanya Sakatariyar majalisar Rebecca Kitteridge a lokacin tare da gudanar da bita don duba cikin "ayyukan, tsarin da matakai tun daga 1 ga Afrilu 2003".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review of compliance |url=https://www.gcsb.govt.nz/our-work/review-of-compliance/ |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.gcsb.govt.nz}}</ref> Wannan kwanan wata yana da mahimmanci saboda shine ranar da Dokar Tsaro ta Sadarwar Gwamnati ta 2003 ta fara aiki. [[Fayil:2015_05_18_Rebecca_Kitteridge_cropped.jpg|left|thumb|178x178px|Rebecca Kitteridge a cikin 2015. Ta gudanar da bita game da bin doka na GCSB. Ita ce kuma Darakta na yanzu na NZ SIS .]] "[https://www.gcsb.govt.nz/assets/GCSB-Compliance-Review/Review-of-Compliance.pdf Rahoton Kitteridge]" ya kammala cewa GCSB ba ta da tushe na doka da ikon yin yawancin ayyukan leƙen asiri - gami da sa ido da aka yi a kan Kim Dotcom. Rahoton Kitteridge ya ba da shawarwari da yawa don tabbatar da cewa hukumar Gwamnati tana da ikon doka don yin ayyukan da suka dace. Dukkanin shawarwarin da aka gabatar a cikin Rahoton Kitteridge Gwamnati da GCSB sun yarda da su wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauyen majalisa da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da ba GCSB damar bayyanawa don yin sa ido bisa doka a kan 'yan New Zealand lokacin da SIS, 'yan sanda ko Sojojin tsaro suka buƙaci. A lokacin da aka gabatar da waɗannan canje-canje, tare da ƙaruwar damuwa game da haƙƙin New Zealanders na sirri, Firayim Minista na lokacin John Key ya bayyana cewa "sabon dokar ba ta ƙarawa ga fadada ikon ofishin ba".<ref name="stuff.co.nz" /> Yanzu ya halatta ga GCSB don yin leken asiri bisa doka a kan New Zealanders sakamakon sake fasalin 2013. <ref name="equaljusticeproject.co.nz"/> Bugu da kari, rawar da GCSB ke takawa ta fadada kuma yanzu tana iya yin sa ido kan "rabi na SIS, 'yan sanda ko sojojin tsaro, ko don dalilan tsaro na yanar gizo".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vance |first=Andrea |date=20 August 2013 |title=Demystifying the GCSB bill: Spies and lies |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/9064984/Demystifying-the-GCSB-bill-Spies-and-lies |access-date=2018-10-03 |website=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |language=en}}</ref> === Yanayin sa ido na 2016 === A watan Agustan 2016 Firayim Minista na lokacin John Key ya ba da sanarwar cewa saboda barazanar ISIS da ta'addanci na duniya, Gwamnatin New Zealand za ta gabatar da sabbin dokoki don samar da ƙarin kariya ga New Zealanders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-15 |title=Potential terror threat sparks likely law change |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/potential-terror-threat-sparks-likely-law-change |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=[[Otago Daily Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Sir Michael Cullen da Dame Patsy Reddy ne suka gudanar da Binciken Bincike da Tsaro na farko na New Zealand, kuma sun kalli "tsarin majalisa da ke kula da hukumomin kuma sun yi la'akari da ko an sanya su da kyau don kare tsaron kasa na yanzu da na gaba na New Zealand yayin kare haƙƙin mutum".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intelligence and security review to commence in June |url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/intelligence-and-security-review-commence-june |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=The Beehive |language=en}}</ref> An kammala bita a ƙarshen Fabrairu 2016, kuma binciken da ya yi ya ba da shawarar cewa a gabatar da Dokar guda ɗaya don kawo dukkan hukumomin leken asiri da tsaro na New Zealand tare.<ref name="equaljusticeproject.co.nz"/> Cullen da Reddy sun gano batutuwa da yawa a cikin rahoton su. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan batutuwan da aka gano shi ne cewa yanayin majalisa da aka ragargaje yana nufin cewa yana da wahala a kawo hukumomi da yawa tare lokacin da ake buƙata. Saboda kowane hukumar leken asiri da tsaro ta yi aiki a karkashin tsarin dokoki nasa, yana da rikicewa ga 'yan New Zealand su fahimci wane hukumar da ke da alhakin abin da, da kuma ainihin abin da ikon su na doka da iyawarsu suka kasance. Masu bita sun kammala cewa "Dokar guda ɗaya" ta zama dole don shawo kan waɗannan batutuwan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Intelligence and Security Bill |url=https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2017-03/NZ-Intelligence-and-Security-Bill-Regulatory-Impact-Statement-Addendum-Web-version.pdf |access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref> Sun yi sharhi cewa Dokar guda ɗaya za ta:<blockquote>"ba da cikakken ra'ayi game da ayyukan hukumomi da iko, da kuma dubawa da ma'auni waɗanda suka shafi aikin ikonsu ... [kuma] za su guji rashin daidaituwa da gibin tsakanin dokoki daban-daban kuma su ba da damar daidaitaccen ka'idojin da za a yi amfani da su ga hukumomin da kuma kulawar su".[and]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intelligence and Security in a Free Society |url=https://www.parliament.nz/resource/en-nz/51dbhoh_pap68536_1/64eeb7436d6fd817fb382a2005988c74dabd21fe |access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref> </blockquote>Tabbas, zana jikin biyu tare zai sauƙaƙa musu yin aiki tare lokacin da ake buƙata. Wani batun da ya shafi masu bita shine rashin kariya ta tsaro ga mutanen New Zealand a karkashin dokar da ke akwai. An kafa dokar da ta fi dacewa da leken asiri da sa ido kimanin shekaru 47 da suka gabata, Dokar leken asiri ta Tsaro ta New Zealand ta 1969. A cikin waɗannan shekarun da ci gaban da ke tattare da fasaha, buƙatar sake fasalin doka ta karu sosai. Yayin da kungiyoyin ta'addanci ke ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin fasahar su, dokokin yanzu suna da sauri su zama tsofaffi kuma ba su dace da al'ummar yau ba. === Dokar leken asiri da tsaro ta 2017 === Manufar Dokar leken asiri da tsaro ta 2017 ita ce kawo haske da haɗin kai ga GCSB da SIS, hukumomin biyu a New Zealand da ke da alhakin saka idanu kan tsaro da leken asiri na kasar. Dokar ta kasance "amsa kai tsaye ga rahoton Binciken Bincike na Farko na Bincike da Tsaro a New Zealand: Bincike le Tsaro a cikin Al'umma Mai Kyau, kuma ya maye gurbin Ayyuka huɗu da suka shafi GCSB, NZSIS, da hukumomin kula da su".<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Intelligence and Security Bill - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/sc/make-a-submission/document/51SCFDT_SCF_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1/new-zealand-intelligence-and-security-bill |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> Idan aka ba da muhimmancin wannan dokar da aka gabatar, lokacin da aka kira gabatarwar jama'a don Dokar, Kwamitin Zaɓuɓɓuka ya karɓi 92. Wadannan sun hada da gabatarwar da New Zealand Law Society, <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Law Society - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/sc/submissions-and-advice/document/51SCFDT_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1_A534604/new-zealand-law-society |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> [[Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam (New Zealand)|Kwamishinan Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na New Zealand]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Human Rights Commission Supp 1 - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/sc/submissions-and-advice/document/51SCFDT_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1_A535738/new-zealand-human-rights-commission-supp-1 |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> da Kwamishinan Tsaro <ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Commissioner - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/sc/submissions-and-advice/document/51SCFDT_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1_A534215/privacy-commissioner |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> da kuma yawancin shawarwarinsu sun kasance iri ɗaya a cikin yanayi suna nuna damuwa game da kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su don tsara Dokar da ke sa ikon hukumomin ba su da tabbas, da kuma yiwuwar a karya haƙƙin sirri na talakawa na New Zealand. Kodayake dokar ta yi niyya don ba da sa ido da bayyana gaskiya ga hukumomin leken asiri da tsaro na New Zealand, an tsara dokar ta hanyar da ta ba da iko mai nisa ga GCSB da SIS don yin sa ido kan 'yan New Zealand da wadanda ba mazauna ba ta hanyoyin da aka haramta a baya. Tushen yin hakan shi ne tsaron ƙasar New Zealand na cikin haɗari tare da kasancewa da haɗarin ta'addanci a cikin al'ummar yau. Sabuwar Dokar ta fadada ikon GCSB don yin sa ido kan New Zealanders, yayin da a baya, SIS ne kawai aka ba da izinin yin hakan. Wannan fadada ikon GCSB yana da damar samun mummunar tasiri ga duk mutanen New Zealand, kamar yadda marubuci da kuma farfesa na shari'a Stephen Penk ya lura, "suna lura da mutum na iya haifar da asarar sirri ta hanyar asarar mutum na iko ko cin gashin kansa lokacin da, yawanci, yana ƙarƙashin kulawar ayyukansa, ƙungiyoyi ko sadarwa ba da ake so" Kamar yadda shawarwarin da Cullen da Reddy suka bayar sabon Dokar ta rufe batutuwa da yawa kamar: * Samar da GCSB da SIS tare a karkashin Dokar guda don cimma hadin kai tsakanin hukumomin.<ref name=":0"/> * Bayyana dokoki game da saka idanu, tattarawa, da adana hankali na ɗan adam.<ref name=":0" /> * Yin SIS da GCSB sassan gwamnati na jihar, sabili da haka yana buƙatar su bi duk ka'idojin da ke kula da hukumomin gwamnati na jihar.<ref name=":0" /> An bayyana manufar Dokar a Sashe na 3; wanda shine "kare New Zealand a matsayin al'umma mai 'yanci, budewa, da dimokuradiyya".<ref name=":0"/> Ana samun wannan ta hanyar: Sashe na 2 na Dokar "ya ci gaba da SIS da GCSB" amma ya bayyana cewa za su kasance hukumomi biyu daban-daban tare da bambance-bambance a cikin iyawa da hanyoyin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Intelligence and Security Bill: Initial briefing to foreign affairs, defence and trade committee |url=https://www.parliament.nz/resource/en-NZ/51SCFDT_ADV_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1_A531472/0cb95a4e4fce0d3eb5fc334e4d92e96fe68f21d2 |access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref> Kodayake Sashe na 2 ya lura da waɗannan bambance-bambance, za su ci gaba da samun manufofi da ayyuka da aka raba a ƙarƙashin tsarin "hadin warranting".<ref name=":1" /> Dangane da damuwa cewa wannan dokar da aka gabatar ta tsoma baki da haƙƙin ɗan adam na New Zealand, Sashe na 2 ya ba da kariya da yawa.<ref name=":1"/> Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan kariya an bayyana shi a sashe na 12 da 13 wanda "yana buƙatar hukumomin suyi aiki daidai da dokar New Zealand da duk wajibai na haƙƙin ɗan adam, gami da lokacin da suke aiki tare ko raba bayanan sirri tare da abokan hulɗa na ƙasashen waje".<ref name=":1" /> Wadannan sassan sun kasance shawarwari kai tsaye na Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam don tabbatar da cewa New Zealand ta bi wajibai na kasa da kasa da na cikin gida na kare hakkin dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Submission to the Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee on the New Zealand Intelligence and Security Bill |url=https://www.hrc.co.nz/files/6014/7675/8898/Submission_to_the_Foreign_Affairs_Defence_and_Trade_Committee_on_the_New....pdf |access-date=2019-11-27 |archive-date=2020-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115151023/https://www.hrc.co.nz/files/6014/7675/8898/Submission_to_the_Foreign_Affairs_Defence_and_Trade_Committee_on_the_New....pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sashe na 22 na Dokar ya ba da ƙarin kariya ta ba da kariya ga "yancin shiga cikin shawarwari, zanga-zanga da rashin amincewa".<ref name=":1"/> Wannan muhimmiyar haƙƙin ɗan adam ce mai tsawo wanda ya kamata a kare shi. Hakkin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki an tsara shi a cikin Dokar' Yancin New Zealand ta 1990, tare da sashi na 14 da ke nuna cewa "kowane mutum yana da' yancin faɗakarwa, gami da' yanci don neman, karɓa da ba da bayanai da ra'ayoyi na kowane nau'i". Har ila yau, an bayyana haƙƙin a cikin wasu kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam da yawa, kamar Mataki na 19 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa, wanda kuma ke tabbatar da wannan haƙƙin. Har ila yau, an nuna shi a cikin Universal Declaration of Human Rights: "Kowane mutum yana da 'yancin ra'ayi da faɗar albarkacin baki; wannan haƙƙin ya haɗa da' yancin riƙe ra'ayoyi ba tare da tsangwama ba da neman, karɓa da ba da bayanai da ra'ayoyin ta kowane kafofin watsa labarai kuma ba tare da la'akari da iyakoki ba". == Hanyoyin da za su bi nan gaba == A cikin hukunce-hukuncen da suka saba da juna a cikin shari'ar Brooker v Police ta 2007, alƙalai biyu na Kotun Koli ta New Zealand sun nuna goyon bayansu ga karfafa haƙƙin sirri a New Zealand. McGrath J ya bayyana amincewar kasa da kasa da na cikin gida game da haƙƙin sirri, ya kammala cewa sirrin yana kusa da daidaita ƙarfin da aka ba da haƙƙin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, kuma ya yi amfani da abubuwan sirrin mutum da ya damu a cikin shari'ar a matsayin babban dalilin kammalawarsa da rashin amincewa. Thomas J a bayyane ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga sirri don a ba shi matsayin dama, kuma ya yi la'akari da goyon bayansa ta hanyar ambaton NZBORA, kayan aiki na duniya, yanke shawara na shari'a da halayen zamantakewa. A watan Agustan 2011, Hukumar Shari'a ta New Zealand ta fitar da kashi na huɗu kuma na ƙarshe ga cikakken bincike game da yanayin dokokin sirri na New Zealand. Sassan huɗu suna tattauna manufar sirri, rajistar jama'a, mamayewar sirri a cikin yanayin farar hula da na laifi, da Dokar Sirri ta 1993. Hukumar ta ba da shawarar yin canje-canje da yawa ga doka, kamar ƙirƙirar rajistar Kada Ka Kira da kuma inganta kariya ga bayanan kan layi. Wasu daga cikin wadannan shawarwari a halin yanzu ana gabatar da su a gaban majalisa, yayin da wasu a halin yanzu suna jiran amsa daga gwamnati. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2018, Ministan Shari'a Andrew Little ya gabatar da Dokar Sirri don gyara Dokar Sirri ta 1993. Dokar za ta soke kuma ta maye gurbin Dokar da ke yanzu kuma ta yi canje-canje daban-daban, gami da karfafa iko ga Kwamishinan Tsaro, gabatar da rahoto na tilas game da keta sirrin sirri, samar da sabbin laifuka da kara tarar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy law reform |url=https://www.privacy.org.nz/the-privacy-act-and-codes/privacy-law-reform/ |access-date=2019-01-03 |website=www.privacy.org.nz |archive-date=2019-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823220939/https://www.privacy.org.nz/the-privacy-act-and-codes/privacy-law-reform/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Bill - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/bills-and-laws/bills-proposed-laws/document/BILL_77618/privacy-bill |access-date=2019-01-03 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Dokar Bayar da Bayani ta Sirri == Bayani == <nowiki>mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j44qfd3eze91a41xss477ps7bks5n0j 823667 823666 2026-04-21T15:29:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 823667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[New Zealand]] ta himmatu ga Universal Declaration of Human Rights kuma ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da [[Siyasa]], dukansu biyu suna dauke da' yancin sirri. Dokar sirri a New Zealand ana magance ta ta doka da doka ta kowa. Dokar Sirriyar 2020 tana magance tattarawa, adanawa da sarrafa bayanai. An kirkiro haƙƙin sirri na gaba ɗaya a cikin laifin sirri. An amince da irin wannan haƙƙin a cikin Hosking v Runting [2003] 3 NZLR 385, shari'ar da ta shafi buga bayanan sirri. A cikin shari'ar da ta biyo baya C v Holland [2012] NZHC 2155 Kotun ta amince da haƙƙin sirri a cikin ma'anar ɓoyewa ko haƙƙin zama 'yanci daga shiga tsakani mara so.{{Refn|For a useful summary see: <ref>{{cite web |url=https://inforrm.org/2012/10/10/case-law-new-zealand-c-v-holland-court-recognises-intrusion-on-seclusion-privacy-tort-hugh-tomlinson-qc/ |title=Case Law, New Zealand, C v Holland, Court recognises “intrusion on seclusion” privacy tort – Hugh Tomlinson QC |date=October 10, 2012 |website=inforrm.org}}</ref>}} == Shari'a == === Dokar 'Yancin New Zealand ta 1990 === [[Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta New Zealand ta 1990|Dokar 'Yancin New Zealand ta 1990]] (NZBORA) ta dogara ne akan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan' Yancin Bil'adama da [[Siyasa]], duk da haka babu wani haƙƙin sirri da aka haɗa a cikin Dokar. Duk da rashin haƙƙin bayyane, sirrin shine tushe ga yawancin haƙƙoƙin da ke cikin NZBORA, kamar 'yanci daga bincike da kwace-kwace mara ma'ana kamar yadda sashi na 21 ya kare. Gaskiyar cewa ba a haɗa haƙƙin sirri a cikin NZBORA ba ya shafar ko ya soke shi ta kowace hanya. An ba da shawarar cewa ba a haɗa [[Keɓantawa|sirrin sirri]] a cikin NZBORA ba saboda wahalar bayyanawa, kuma saboda yanayin zamantakewa a lokacin ba wanda ya dace a aiwatar da haƙƙin da ke da ma'auni mara tabbas da rashin tabbas. [[Fayil:John_Edwards_Privacy_Commissioner.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinan Tsaro na NZ daga 2014-2021, John Edwards]] === Dokar Sirriyar 2020 === [[New Zealand]] tana da doka mai suna Dokar Sirriyar 2020 (wanda ya maye gurbin Dokar Sirri ta 1993). Koyaya, duk da sanarwar cewa Dokar ce don ingantawa da kare sirrin mutum, a zahiri kawai tana rufe sirrin bayanai. An kirkiro Dokar Tsaro don yaki da damuwa game da ci gaban fasaha da kuma damar da za a yi amfani da su don samun damar bayanan sirri, lokacin da wannan haɗarin ya kasance ƙasa da tsarin bayanan hannu. Dokar ta ƙunshi ƙa'idodin sirri na bayanai 13 waɗanda ke sarrafa sarrafa sarrafa bayanan sirri ta hukumomi. An bayyana 'ofishin' a matsayin kowane mutum ko jikin mutane, ko na jama'a ko masu zaman kansu, kuma ko kamfanoni ko ba a haɗa su ba, tare da ƙayyadaddun banbanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Information privacy principles and codes of practice |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23342.html |access-date=12 February 2022 |publisher=Parliamentary Counsel Office}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai banbanci da yawa ga Ka'idodin Sirriyar Bayanai, wanda za'a iya samunsa a cikin ka'idojin da kuma a wasu wurare a cikin Dokar. Lokacin da mutum ya ji cewa an karya ka'idojin zai iya shigar da korafi ga Kwamishinan Tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 114 Agency to notify Commissioner of notifiable privacy breach – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23503.html.}}</ref> Kwamishinan Tsaro ya bincika korafin kuma ya aiwatar da tsarin sulhu maimakon azabtarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 123 Compliance notices – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23511.html}}</ref> Idan ba za a iya warware korafin ba, ana iya tura shi zuwa Kotun Binciken Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, wanda zai iya ko ba zai sake la'akari da halin da ake ciki ba, kuma mai yiwuwa ba za su yi la'akari le korafi ba (musamman idan batun yana da alaƙa da bashi). Idan Kotun ta gano cewa an yi keta doka, tana iya ba da magunguna da yawa ciki har da lalacewa da umarni na hanawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 134 Application of Human Rights Act 1993 – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23527.html}}</ref> Dokar Sirriyar ta amince da cewa sirrin ba cikakkiyar ra'ayi ba ne kuma akwai wasu dalilai da ake buƙatar auna su don sanin abin da sakamakon ya kamata ya zama. Kwamishinan Tsaro dole ne koyaushe ya yi la'akari da dalilai kamar haƙƙin ɗan adam, abubuwan da ke cikin jama'a, da wajibai da jagororin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 21 Commissioner to have regard to certain matters – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23333.html}}</ref> Kwamishinan Tsaro yana iya ba da izini game da amfani da bayanan sirri wanda zai saba wa Dokar idan ya gamsu da cewa sha'awar jama'a ko fa'ida ya fi tsangwama da sirrin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Act 2020 No 31 (As at 28 October 2021), Public Act 30 Commissioner may authorise collection, use, storage, or disclosure of personal information otherwise in breach of IPP 2 or IPPs 9 to 12 – New Zealand Legislation |url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23350.html}}</ref> === Dokar watsa shirye-shirye ta 1989 === Dokar watsa shirye-shirye ta 1989 ta buƙaci masu watsa shirye-'shirye su kula da ka'idojin da suka dace da sirrin mutum. Dokar ta kafa Hukumar Kula da Ka'idojin watsa shirye-shirye (BSA), wacce ke da ayyukan karɓar da yanke shawara game da korafe-korafe game da masu watsa shirye-aikace, bayar da ra'ayoyin da suka shafi halayyar ɗabi'a da ka'idoji a cikin watsa shirye-'a, da bayar da ka'idodin aiki ga masu watsa shirye'a da ƙarfafa bin su. Ana yawan ambaton sirri a cikin lambobin da ka'idojin al'amuran aiki ta BSA. Duk da yake Dokar watsa shirye-shirye ba ta ba da wani bayani game da abin da ya zama keta sirrin ba, BSA tana da ka'idoji bakwai da suka shafi zargin keta sirrin. A la'akari da korafi, BSA na iya ba da magunguna iri-iri idan ta sami cewa an yi keta doka, amma babu ikon ɗaukar korafi zuwa kotun doka bisa ga ka'idodin da ke cikin Dokar. == Dokar al'ada == Wani laifi na mamaye sirrin ya wanzu a [[New Zealand]]. Shari'ar da aka yarda da ita ce ta farko da ta gano cewa kuskuren sirri na iya kasancewa ita ce ''Tucker v News Media Ownership Ltd'', inda alƙalin ya goyi bayan gabatar da irin wannan kuskuren cikin dokar New Zealand. Bayan 'yan shekaru a cikin ''Bradley v Wingnut Films'', alƙalin ya yarda cewa akwai laifi na sirri a cikin dokar [[New Zealand|New Zealand,]] amma ya kamata a kusanci shi da taka tsantsan kamar yadda yake a farkon matakan ci gaba. Hukuncin Kotun Koli ta [[New Zealand]] mafi mahimmanci shine na ''P da D v Independent News Auckland Ltd''[bayanin 2], inda kotun ta bayyana abubuwan da ke tattare da ɓoye sirri kamar haka: * Bayyana gaskiyar jama'a * Abubuwan da aka bayyana na sirri ne * Abubuwan da aka bayyana a fili za a dauke su da mummunan rauni ga mutum mai hankali * Akwai rashin isasshen damuwa na jama'a game da gaskiyar da aka bayyana a fili. Kotun daukaka kara ta New Zealand a cikin mafi rinjaye a cikin ''Hosking da Runting'' ta yarda cewa akwai laifi na sirri a New Zealand. An tabbatar da laifin ne saboda ana buƙatar kariya a wannan yanki kuma karya amincewa bai dace da rufe yanayin da ya shafi sirri ba. Abubuwa biyu da ake buƙata don laifin da aka tsara ta mafi rinjaye suna nuna waɗanda aka tsara a cikin ''P da D'': * Kasancewar gaskiyar da aka sa ran zama sirri * Tallace-tallace da aka ba wa waɗancan hujjoji waɗanda za a ɗauka suna da ƙyama sosai ta hanyar mutum mai ma'ana da mai ma'auni. Bugu da kari, dole ne a a auna sirrin a kan kare damuwar jama'a wanda ya ƙunshi haƙƙin [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]]. Kotun Koli ta New Zealand a cikin shari'a daya ta yarda cewa akwai laifi na sirri don dalilan shari'ar da ke gabanta, amma tana da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da bukatun da aikace-aikacen. A cikin Brooker v Police kotun ta amince da shawarar Hosking amma ta guji yin sharhi. == Tsaro da leken asiri == === Hukumomin leken asiri da tsaro na New Zealand === Hukumomin gwamnati guda biyu suna da alhakin saka idanu kan tsaron kasa na New Zealand: Ofishin Tsaro na Sadarwa na Gwamnati ('GCSB') da kuma Ofishin leken asiri na tsaro ('SIS'). Kafin gabatar da Dokar leken asiri da tsaro ta 2017, waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna aiki sosai da kansu daga juna, kuma asirin gaba ɗaya ya kewaye ainihin ayyukansu da iyawarsu. Yawancin rikice-rikice sun samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa SIS da GCSB sun bayyana suna da manufofi daban-daban wanda ke nufin cewa, idan an buƙata, hadin kai da daidaitawa zai iya zama mai rikitarwa da rikitarwa. Misali, SIS ne kawai zai iya yin sa ido, ko leken asiri, a kan 'yan New Zealand, kamar yadda Dokar Kula da leken asiri ta New Zealand ta 1969. Akwai ka'idoji game da abin da aka ba da izinin 'ayyukan leken asiri', kuma a matsayin abin da ake buƙata, duk wani sa ido da aka tsara dole ne ya dace da "tsaro" da barazanar da ke tattare da shi, kamar lokuta na 'leken asiri, sabuntawa, juyin mulki ko hare-haren ta'addanci'.<ref name="equaljusticeproject.co.nz">{{Cite web |title=Cross-Examination: Changing How New Zealand's Intelligence Agencies Operate – Insightful or Irrational? |url=https://www.equaljusticeproject.co.nz/blog/2016/09/cross-examination-changing-how-new-zealands-intelligence-agencies-operate-insightful-or-irrational |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=Equal Justice Project |language=en-GB |archive-date=2019-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820082327/https://www.equaljusticeproject.co.nz/blog/2016/09/cross-examination-changing-how-new-zealands-intelligence-agencies-operate-insightful-or-irrational |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Yanayin sa ido na 2013 === A watan Satumbar 2012, Paul Neazor, Sufeto-Janar na leken asiri da tsaro ya shawarci John Key, Firayim Minista na New Zealand na lokacin, game da halin da ake ciki wanda daga baya za a kira "tsayar da ba bisa ka'ida ba" na mutumin da GCSB ta sani da Kim Dotcom.<ref name="rnz.co.nz">{{Cite web |date=2012-09-24 |title=GCSB used 'unlawful interception' in Dotcom case |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/116519/gcsb-used-%27unlawful-interception%27-in-dotcom-case |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=[[RNZ]] |language=en-nz}}</ref> Bayan buƙatar da aka yi daga Ofishin Bincike na Tarayyar Amurka cewa a mika Kim Dotcom zuwa Amurka, GCSB ta leƙen asirin Mista Dotcom don taimakawa bukatar FBI.<ref name="rnz.co.nz" /> Koyaya, kamar yadda GCSB ba ta da ikon doka don gudanar da sa ido, Mai Shari'a Gilbert na Kotun daukaka kara, an dauke shi ba bisa ka'ida ba.<ref>The New Zealand Herald "Judge: Dotcom spied on two months longer than previously admitted" (21 July 2017) http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11893618e<nowiki/>{{Dead link|date=November 2019}}</ref> Bayan wannan abin da ya faru da aka yada a ko'ina, Darakta na GCSB Ian Fletcher da Babban Darakta ya Sashen Firayim Minista da Ma'aikatar Andrew Kibblewhite sun fara sake dubawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review of Compliance at the Government Communications Security Bureau |url=https://www.gcsb.govt.nz/assets/GCSB-Compliance-Review/Review-of-Compliance.pdf |access-date=2019-11-27 |website=www.gcsb.govt.nz}}</ref> Sun sanya Sakatariyar majalisar Rebecca Kitteridge a lokacin tare da gudanar da bita don duba cikin "ayyukan, tsarin da matakai tun daga 1 ga Afrilu 2003".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review of compliance |url=https://www.gcsb.govt.nz/our-work/review-of-compliance/ |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.gcsb.govt.nz}}</ref> Wannan kwanan wata yana da mahimmanci saboda shine ranar da Dokar Tsaro ta Sadarwar Gwamnati ta 2003 ta fara aiki. [[Fayil:2015_05_18_Rebecca_Kitteridge_cropped.jpg|left|thumb|178x178px|Rebecca Kitteridge a cikin 2015. Ta gudanar da bita game da bin doka na GCSB. Ita ce kuma Darakta na yanzu na NZ SIS .]] "[https://www.gcsb.govt.nz/assets/GCSB-Compliance-Review/Review-of-Compliance.pdf Rahoton Kitteridge]" ya kammala cewa GCSB ba ta da tushe na doka da ikon yin yawancin ayyukan leƙen asiri - gami da sa ido da aka yi a kan Kim Dotcom. Rahoton Kitteridge ya ba da shawarwari da yawa don tabbatar da cewa hukumar Gwamnati tana da ikon doka don yin ayyukan da suka dace. Dukkanin shawarwarin da aka gabatar a cikin Rahoton Kitteridge Gwamnati da GCSB sun yarda da su wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauyen majalisa da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da ba GCSB damar bayyanawa don yin sa ido bisa doka a kan 'yan New Zealand lokacin da SIS, 'yan sanda ko Sojojin tsaro suka buƙaci. A lokacin da aka gabatar da waɗannan canje-canje, tare da ƙaruwar damuwa game da haƙƙin New Zealanders na sirri, Firayim Minista na lokacin John Key ya bayyana cewa "sabon dokar ba ta ƙarawa ga fadada ikon ofishin ba".<ref name="stuff.co.nz" /> Yanzu ya halatta ga GCSB don yin leken asiri bisa doka a kan New Zealanders sakamakon sake fasalin 2013. <ref name="equaljusticeproject.co.nz"/> Bugu da kari, rawar da GCSB ke takawa ta fadada kuma yanzu tana iya yin sa ido kan "rabi na SIS, 'yan sanda ko sojojin tsaro, ko don dalilan tsaro na yanar gizo".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vance |first=Andrea |date=20 August 2013 |title=Demystifying the GCSB bill: Spies and lies |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/9064984/Demystifying-the-GCSB-bill-Spies-and-lies |access-date=2018-10-03 |website=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |language=en}}</ref> === Yanayin sa ido na 2016 === A watan Agustan 2016 Firayim Minista na lokacin John Key ya ba da sanarwar cewa saboda barazanar ISIS da ta'addanci na duniya, Gwamnatin New Zealand za ta gabatar da sabbin dokoki don samar da ƙarin kariya ga New Zealanders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-15 |title=Potential terror threat sparks likely law change |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/politics/potential-terror-threat-sparks-likely-law-change |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=[[Otago Daily Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Sir Michael Cullen da Dame Patsy Reddy ne suka gudanar da Binciken Bincike da Tsaro na farko na New Zealand, kuma sun kalli "tsarin majalisa da ke kula da hukumomin kuma sun yi la'akari da ko an sanya su da kyau don kare tsaron kasa na yanzu da na gaba na New Zealand yayin kare haƙƙin mutum".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intelligence and security review to commence in June |url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/intelligence-and-security-review-commence-june |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=The Beehive |language=en}}</ref> An kammala bita a ƙarshen Fabrairu 2016, kuma binciken da ya yi ya ba da shawarar cewa a gabatar da Dokar guda ɗaya don kawo dukkan hukumomin leken asiri da tsaro na New Zealand tare.<ref name="equaljusticeproject.co.nz"/> Cullen da Reddy sun gano batutuwa da yawa a cikin rahoton su. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan batutuwan da aka gano shi ne cewa yanayin majalisa da aka ragargaje yana nufin cewa yana da wahala a kawo hukumomi da yawa tare lokacin da ake buƙata. Saboda kowane hukumar leken asiri da tsaro ta yi aiki a karkashin tsarin dokoki nasa, yana da rikicewa ga 'yan New Zealand su fahimci wane hukumar da ke da alhakin abin da, da kuma ainihin abin da ikon su na doka da iyawarsu suka kasance. Masu bita sun kammala cewa "Dokar guda ɗaya" ta zama dole don shawo kan waɗannan batutuwan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Intelligence and Security Bill |url=https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2017-03/NZ-Intelligence-and-Security-Bill-Regulatory-Impact-Statement-Addendum-Web-version.pdf |access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref> Sun yi sharhi cewa Dokar guda ɗaya za ta:<blockquote>"ba da cikakken ra'ayi game da ayyukan hukumomi da iko, da kuma dubawa da ma'auni waɗanda suka shafi aikin ikonsu ... [kuma] za su guji rashin daidaituwa da gibin tsakanin dokoki daban-daban kuma su ba da damar daidaitaccen ka'idojin da za a yi amfani da su ga hukumomin da kuma kulawar su".[and]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intelligence and Security in a Free Society |url=https://www.parliament.nz/resource/en-nz/51dbhoh_pap68536_1/64eeb7436d6fd817fb382a2005988c74dabd21fe |access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref> </blockquote>Tabbas, zana jikin biyu tare zai sauƙaƙa musu yin aiki tare lokacin da ake buƙata. Wani batun da ya shafi masu bita shine rashin kariya ta tsaro ga mutanen New Zealand a karkashin dokar da ke akwai. An kafa dokar da ta fi dacewa da leken asiri da sa ido kimanin shekaru 47 da suka gabata, Dokar leken asiri ta Tsaro ta New Zealand ta 1969. A cikin waɗannan shekarun da ci gaban da ke tattare da fasaha, buƙatar sake fasalin doka ta karu sosai. Yayin da kungiyoyin ta'addanci ke ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin fasahar su, dokokin yanzu suna da sauri su zama tsofaffi kuma ba su dace da al'ummar yau ba. === Dokar leken asiri da tsaro ta 2017 === Manufar Dokar leken asiri da tsaro ta 2017 ita ce kawo haske da haɗin kai ga GCSB da SIS, hukumomin biyu a New Zealand da ke da alhakin saka idanu kan tsaro da leken asiri na kasar. Dokar ta kasance "amsa kai tsaye ga rahoton Binciken Bincike na Farko na Bincike da Tsaro a New Zealand: Bincike le Tsaro a cikin Al'umma Mai Kyau, kuma ya maye gurbin Ayyuka huɗu da suka shafi GCSB, NZSIS, da hukumomin kula da su".<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Intelligence and Security Bill - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/sc/make-a-submission/document/51SCFDT_SCF_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1/new-zealand-intelligence-and-security-bill |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> Idan aka ba da muhimmancin wannan dokar da aka gabatar, lokacin da aka kira gabatarwar jama'a don Dokar, Kwamitin Zaɓuɓɓuka ya karɓi 92. Wadannan sun hada da gabatarwar da New Zealand Law Society, <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Law Society - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/sc/submissions-and-advice/document/51SCFDT_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1_A534604/new-zealand-law-society |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> [[Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam (New Zealand)|Kwamishinan Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na New Zealand]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Human Rights Commission Supp 1 - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/sc/submissions-and-advice/document/51SCFDT_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1_A535738/new-zealand-human-rights-commission-supp-1 |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> da Kwamishinan Tsaro <ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Commissioner - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/sc/submissions-and-advice/document/51SCFDT_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1_A534215/privacy-commissioner |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> da kuma yawancin shawarwarinsu sun kasance iri ɗaya a cikin yanayi suna nuna damuwa game da kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su don tsara Dokar da ke sa ikon hukumomin ba su da tabbas, da kuma yiwuwar a karya haƙƙin sirri na talakawa na New Zealand. Kodayake dokar ta yi niyya don ba da sa ido da bayyana gaskiya ga hukumomin leken asiri da tsaro na New Zealand, an tsara dokar ta hanyar da ta ba da iko mai nisa ga GCSB da SIS don yin sa ido kan 'yan New Zealand da wadanda ba mazauna ba ta hanyoyin da aka haramta a baya. Tushen yin hakan shi ne tsaron ƙasar New Zealand na cikin haɗari tare da kasancewa da haɗarin ta'addanci a cikin al'ummar yau. Sabuwar Dokar ta fadada ikon GCSB don yin sa ido kan New Zealanders, yayin da a baya, SIS ne kawai aka ba da izinin yin hakan. Wannan fadada ikon GCSB yana da damar samun mummunar tasiri ga duk mutanen New Zealand, kamar yadda marubuci da kuma farfesa na shari'a Stephen Penk ya lura, "suna lura da mutum na iya haifar da asarar sirri ta hanyar asarar mutum na iko ko cin gashin kansa lokacin da, yawanci, yana ƙarƙashin kulawar ayyukansa, ƙungiyoyi ko sadarwa ba da ake so" Kamar yadda shawarwarin da Cullen da Reddy suka bayar sabon Dokar ta rufe batutuwa da yawa kamar: * Samar da GCSB da SIS tare a karkashin Dokar guda don cimma hadin kai tsakanin hukumomin.<ref name=":0"/> * Bayyana dokoki game da saka idanu, tattarawa, da adana hankali na ɗan adam.<ref name=":0" /> * Yin SIS da GCSB sassan gwamnati na jihar, sabili da haka yana buƙatar su bi duk ka'idojin da ke kula da hukumomin gwamnati na jihar.<ref name=":0" /> An bayyana manufar Dokar a Sashe na 3; wanda shine "kare New Zealand a matsayin al'umma mai 'yanci, budewa, da dimokuradiyya".<ref name=":0"/> Ana samun wannan ta hanyar: Sashe na 2 na Dokar "ya ci gaba da SIS da GCSB" amma ya bayyana cewa za su kasance hukumomi biyu daban-daban tare da bambance-bambance a cikin iyawa da hanyoyin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Intelligence and Security Bill: Initial briefing to foreign affairs, defence and trade committee |url=https://www.parliament.nz/resource/en-NZ/51SCFDT_ADV_00DBHOH_BILL69715_1_A531472/0cb95a4e4fce0d3eb5fc334e4d92e96fe68f21d2 |access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref> Kodayake Sashe na 2 ya lura da waɗannan bambance-bambance, za su ci gaba da samun manufofi da ayyuka da aka raba a ƙarƙashin tsarin "hadin warranting".<ref name=":1" /> Dangane da damuwa cewa wannan dokar da aka gabatar ta tsoma baki da haƙƙin ɗan adam na New Zealand, Sashe na 2 ya ba da kariya da yawa.<ref name=":1"/> Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan kariya an bayyana shi a sashe na 12 da 13 wanda "yana buƙatar hukumomin suyi aiki daidai da dokar New Zealand da duk wajibai na haƙƙin ɗan adam, gami da lokacin da suke aiki tare ko raba bayanan sirri tare da abokan hulɗa na ƙasashen waje".<ref name=":1" /> Wadannan sassan sun kasance shawarwari kai tsaye na Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam don tabbatar da cewa New Zealand ta bi wajibai na kasa da kasa da na cikin gida na kare hakkin dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Submission to the Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee on the New Zealand Intelligence and Security Bill |url=https://www.hrc.co.nz/files/6014/7675/8898/Submission_to_the_Foreign_Affairs_Defence_and_Trade_Committee_on_the_New....pdf |access-date=2019-11-27 |archive-date=2020-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115151023/https://www.hrc.co.nz/files/6014/7675/8898/Submission_to_the_Foreign_Affairs_Defence_and_Trade_Committee_on_the_New....pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sashe na 22 na Dokar ya ba da ƙarin kariya ta ba da kariya ga "yancin shiga cikin shawarwari, zanga-zanga da rashin amincewa".<ref name=":1"/> Wannan muhimmiyar haƙƙin ɗan adam ce mai tsawo wanda ya kamata a kare shi. Hakkin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki an tsara shi a cikin Dokar' Yancin New Zealand ta 1990, tare da sashi na 14 da ke nuna cewa "kowane mutum yana da' yancin faɗakarwa, gami da' yanci don neman, karɓa da ba da bayanai da ra'ayoyi na kowane nau'i". Har ila yau, an bayyana haƙƙin a cikin wasu kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam da yawa, kamar Mataki na 19 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa, wanda kuma ke tabbatar da wannan haƙƙin. Har ila yau, an nuna shi a cikin Universal Declaration of Human Rights: "Kowane mutum yana da 'yancin ra'ayi da faɗar albarkacin baki; wannan haƙƙin ya haɗa da' yancin riƙe ra'ayoyi ba tare da tsangwama ba da neman, karɓa da ba da bayanai da ra'ayoyin ta kowane kafofin watsa labarai kuma ba tare da la'akari da iyakoki ba". == Hanyoyin da za su bi nan gaba == A cikin hukunce-hukuncen da suka saba da juna a cikin shari'ar Brooker v Police ta 2007, alƙalai biyu na Kotun Koli ta New Zealand sun nuna goyon bayansu ga karfafa haƙƙin sirri a New Zealand. McGrath J ya bayyana amincewar kasa da kasa da na cikin gida game da haƙƙin sirri, ya kammala cewa sirrin yana kusa da daidaita ƙarfin da aka ba da haƙƙin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, kuma ya yi amfani da abubuwan sirrin mutum da ya damu a cikin shari'ar a matsayin babban dalilin kammalawarsa da rashin amincewa. Thomas J a bayyane ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga sirri don a ba shi matsayin dama, kuma ya yi la'akari da goyon bayansa ta hanyar ambaton NZBORA, kayan aiki na duniya, yanke shawara na shari'a da halayen zamantakewa. A watan Agustan 2011, Hukumar Shari'a ta New Zealand ta fitar da kashi na huɗu kuma na ƙarshe ga cikakken bincike game da yanayin dokokin sirri na New Zealand. Sassan huɗu suna tattauna manufar sirri, rajistar jama'a, mamayewar sirri a cikin yanayin farar hula da na laifi, da Dokar Sirri ta 1993. Hukumar ta ba da shawarar yin canje-canje da yawa ga doka, kamar ƙirƙirar rajistar Kada Ka Kira da kuma inganta kariya ga bayanan kan layi. Wasu daga cikin wadannan shawarwari a halin yanzu ana gabatar da su a gaban majalisa, yayin da wasu a halin yanzu suna jiran amsa daga gwamnati. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2018, Ministan Shari'a Andrew Little ya gabatar da Dokar Sirri don gyara Dokar Sirri ta 1993. Dokar za ta soke kuma ta maye gurbin Dokar da ke yanzu kuma ta yi canje-canje daban-daban, gami da karfafa iko ga Kwamishinan Tsaro, gabatar da rahoto na tilas game da keta sirrin sirri, samar da sabbin laifuka da kara tarar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy law reform |url=https://www.privacy.org.nz/the-privacy-act-and-codes/privacy-law-reform/ |access-date=2019-01-03 |website=www.privacy.org.nz |archive-date=2019-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823220939/https://www.privacy.org.nz/the-privacy-act-and-codes/privacy-law-reform/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Privacy Bill - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/bills-and-laws/bills-proposed-laws/document/BILL_77618/privacy-bill |access-date=2019-01-03 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Dokar Bayar da Bayani ta Sirri == Bayani == <nowiki>mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ikg3inrmqsg57v38cjcbzm2t0bh658w 0 111413 823662 692358 2026-04-21T15:27:37Z Pharouqenr 25549 823662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Quebrada de Humahuaca''' wani kunkuntar tsaunuka ne dake lardin Jujuy a arewa maso yammacin Argentina, kilomita 1,649 (1,025 mi) arewa da Buenos Aires (23°11′59″S 65°20′56″W / 83.19972°S). Yana da kusan kilomita 155 (96 mi) tsayi, yana fuskantar arewa-kudu, yana iyaka da Altiplano a yamma da arewa, kusa da tsaunukan Sub-Andean a gabas, da kuma kusa da kwaruruka masu dumi (Valles Templados) a kudu. Sunan quebrada (a zahiri "ya ''fashewa''") ana fassara shi azaman [[Kwazazzabo|kwarin]] mai zurfi ko kwari. Ya sami sunansa daga Humahuaca, wani karamin gari mai mazauna 11,000. Kogin Grande (''Rio Grande''), wanda ya bushe a cikin hunturu, yana gudana sosai ta hanyar Quebrada a lokacin rani. Yankin koyaushe ya kasance hanyar sadarwa ta tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu. An zauna aƙalla shekaru 10,000, tun lokacin da aka zauna masu farauta na farko, wanda aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar raguwar prehistoric. Musamman, yawancin wuraren noma masu bango na dutse, waɗanda ake zaton sun samo asali ne fiye da shekaru 1500 da suka gabata, ana samun su a duk yankin kuma har yanzu ana amfani da su a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quebrada de Humahuaca |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1116 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Tsarin filin yana haɗa jerin garuruwa masu garu da ake kira ''pucaras''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quebrada de Humahuaca |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1116 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Kwarin daga baya ya zama hanyar motsa jiki ga Daular Inca a karni na 15, sannan kuma muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi tsakanin Mataimakin Río de la Plata da Mataimakin Peru, da kuma mataki don yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa na Yakin Independence na Spain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quebrada de Humahuaca |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1116 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> An sanya Quebrada de Humahuaca a matsayin wuri mai kariya a shekara ta 2000. An sanya shi a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]] na [[UNESCO]] a ranar 2 ga Yulin 2003.<gallery> Fayil:Pucará_de_Tilcara_01.JPG|Pucará de Tilcara Fayil:Serranía_de_Hornocal_up_close_near_Humahuaca.jpg|Hornocal Fayil:Cerro_de_los_Siete_Colores_05.jpg|Cerro de los Siete Colores, Purmamarca </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 4bu44w5f2nhwyt26evktnte82j1h732 823663 823662 2026-04-21T15:27:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 823663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Quebrada de Humahuaca''' wani kunkuntar tsaunuka ne dake lardin Jujuy a arewa maso yammacin [[Argentina]], kilomita 1,649 (1,025 mi) arewa da Buenos Aires (23°11′59″S 65°20′56″W / 83.19972°S). Yana da kusan kilomita 155 (96 mi) tsayi, yana fuskantar arewa-kudu, yana iyaka da Altiplano a yamma da arewa, kusa da tsaunukan Sub-Andean a gabas, da kuma kusa da kwaruruka masu dumi (Valles Templados) a kudu. Sunan quebrada (a zahiri "ya ''fashewa''") ana fassara shi azaman [[Kwazazzabo|kwarin]] mai zurfi ko kwari. Ya sami sunansa daga Humahuaca, wani karamin gari mai mazauna 11,000. Kogin Grande (''Rio Grande''), wanda ya bushe a cikin hunturu, yana gudana sosai ta hanyar Quebrada a lokacin rani. Yankin koyaushe ya kasance hanyar sadarwa ta tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu. An zauna aƙalla shekaru 10,000, tun lokacin da aka zauna masu farauta na farko, wanda aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar raguwar prehistoric. Musamman, yawancin wuraren noma masu bango na dutse, waɗanda ake zaton sun samo asali ne fiye da shekaru 1500 da suka gabata, ana samun su a duk yankin kuma har yanzu ana amfani da su a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quebrada de Humahuaca |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1116 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Tsarin filin yana haɗa jerin garuruwa masu garu da ake kira ''pucaras''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quebrada de Humahuaca |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1116 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Kwarin daga baya ya zama hanyar motsa jiki ga Daular Inca a karni na 15, sannan kuma muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi tsakanin Mataimakin Río de la Plata da Mataimakin Peru, da kuma mataki don yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa na Yakin Independence na Spain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quebrada de Humahuaca |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1116 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> An sanya Quebrada de Humahuaca a matsayin wuri mai kariya a shekara ta 2000. An sanya shi a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]] na [[UNESCO]] a ranar 2 ga Yulin 2003.<gallery> Fayil:Pucará_de_Tilcara_01.JPG|Pucará de Tilcara Fayil:Serranía_de_Hornocal_up_close_near_Humahuaca.jpg|Hornocal Fayil:Cerro_de_los_Siete_Colores_05.jpg|Cerro de los Siete Colores, Purmamarca </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} rb5n95tlhj1hhwgu7vbc6r99is985gq 823664 823663 2026-04-21T15:28:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 823664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Quebrada de Humahuaca''' wani kunkuntar tsaunuka ne dake lardin Jujuy a arewa maso yammacin [[Argentina]], kilomita 1,649 (1,025 mi) arewa da Buenos Aires (23°11′59″S 65°20′56″W / 83.19972°S). Yana da kusan kilomita 155 (96 mi) tsayi, yana fuskantar arewa-kudu, yana iyaka da Altiplano a yamma da arewa, kusa da tsaunukan Sub-Andean a gabas, da kuma kusa da kwaruruka masu dumi (Valles Templados) a kudu. Sunan quebrada (a zahiri "ya ''fashewa''") ana fassara shi azaman [[Kwazazzabo|kwarin]] mai zurfi ko kwari. Ya sami sunansa daga Humahuaca, wani karamin gari mai mazauna 11,000. Kogin Grande (''Rio Grande''), wanda ya bushe a cikin hunturu, yana gudana sosai ta hanyar Quebrada a lokacin rani. Yankin koyaushe ya kasance hanyar sadarwa ta tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu. An zauna aƙalla shekaru 10,000, tun lokacin da aka zauna masu farauta na farko, wanda aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar raguwar prehistoric. Musamman, yawancin wuraren noma masu bango na dutse, waɗanda ake zaton sun samo asali ne fiye da shekaru 1500 da suka gabata, ana samun su a duk yankin kuma har yanzu ana amfani da su a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quebrada de Humahuaca |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1116 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Tsarin filin yana haɗa jerin garuruwa masu garu da ake kira ''pucaras''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quebrada de Humahuaca |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1116 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Kwarin daga baya ya zama hanyar motsa jiki ga Daular Inca a karni na 15, sannan kuma muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi tsakanin Mataimakin Río de la Plata da Mataimakin Peru, da kuma mataki don yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa na Yakin Independence na Spain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quebrada de Humahuaca |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1116 |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> An sanya Quebrada de Humahuaca a matsayin wuri mai kariya a shekara ta 2000. An sanya shi a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]] na [[UNESCO]] a ranar 2 ga Yulin 2003.<gallery> Fayil:Pucará_de_Tilcara_01.JPG|Pucará de Tilcara Fayil:Serranía_de_Hornocal_up_close_near_Humahuaca.jpg|Hornocal Fayil:Cerro_de_los_Siete_Colores_05.jpg|Cerro de los Siete Colores, Purmamarca </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} groeqidvb65lqxfyyluqi151fpiu8cc 0 111885 823911 726230 2026-04-22T04:10:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} DoSomething (wanda aka fi sani da '''DoSomething.org''') kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa mai zaman kanta wacce ke da niyyar yin wahayi da kuma shigar da matasa don ƙirƙirar canji mai kyau a duniya, a kan layi da kuma a waje, ta hanyar kamfen daban-daban. Shugaba DeNora Getachew ne ke jagorantar kungiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DoSomething.org |title=DoSomething.org Welcomes DeNora Getachew as Chief Executive Officer |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dosomethingorg-welcomes-denora-getachew-as-chief-executive-officer-301266835.html |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa kungiyar ne a 1993 ta hanyar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka Andrew Shue da Michael Sanchez . Sun bayyana dalilin da ya sa suka yi shi ne don karfafa matasa su zama 'yan ƙasa da shugabannin masu aiki yayin da suke yin farin ciki da shiga cikin al'umma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Interview with Andrew Shue |url=http://www.teenink.com/nonfiction/interviews/article/5443/An-Interview-with-Andrew-Shue-Actor-Entrepreneur/ |access-date=29 December 2014 |publisher=Teenink.com}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == A cewar shafin yanar gizon, DoSomething.org, kungiyar tana da mambobi a duk faɗin Amurka da kasashe 131. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who We Are - DoSomething.org - Volunteer for Social Change |url=https://www.dosomething.org/us/about/who-we-are |access-date=16 July 2018 |website=www.dosomething.org |archive-date=17 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717012947/https://www.dosomething.org/us/about/who-we-are |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2013, DoSomething.org ta ƙaddamar da TMI, mai ba da shawara kan dabarun da ke taimakawa alamomi "samar da Canjin zamantakewa ta hanyar fahimta da mafita masu ban sha'awa da ke tallafawa da bayanai daga miliyoyin matasa. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tmistrategy.org/#home2 |access-date=2016-11-19 |website=TMI Strategy}}</ref> === Matasa don Jeans === An kafa "Teens For jeans" a cikin 2008 daga haɗin gwiwa tare da Aéropostale . Kamfen ɗin yana neman taimakawa wajen yin ado da matasa sama da miliyan ɗaya marasa gida a duk faɗin ƙasar ta hanyar samar da abin da ake buƙata sosai: jeans.<ref name="homelessjeans">{{Cite web |last=Abrams, Tamar |date=13 January 2011 |title=Teens for Jeans: It's Better to Give Than to Receive |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tamar-abrams/teens-for-jeans-its-bette_b_808792.html |access-date=10 September 2014 |publisher=Huffington Post}}</ref> An ƙarfafa mutane su kawo jeans ɗin da aka yi da su a hankali zuwa Aéropostale, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga fiye da 1,000 wuraren zama marasa gida a Amurka da Kanada. A cikin 2011, an tattara nau'ikan jeans 542,000, kuma <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Press |url=https://www.dosomething.org/us/about/our-press |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822082513/http://www.dosomething.org/about/press/aeropostale-and-dosomethingorg-collect-over-one-million-jeans-homeless-teens-through-4th |archive-date=August 22, 2011 |website=DoSomething.org}}</ref> a cikin 2012, an tattara biyu na jeans 902,500. Shahararrun da suka yi aiki tare da yakin neman zabe na matasa sun hada da Nigel Barker, Jay Sean, Nikki Blonsky, <ref name="barkerjeans">{{Cite web |date=10 February 2011 |title=[ I *heart* NYC ] Teens for Jeans with Nigel Barker |url=http://aanaizphotography.com/blog/?p=4148 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811014348/http://aanaizphotography.com/blog/?p=4148 |archive-date=11 August 2011 |access-date=10 September 2014 |website=aanaizphotography.com |publisher=A. Anaiz Photography}}</ref> Chace Crawford, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yaneza, Rickey |date=25 January 2011 |title=jayjeans |url=http://www.rickey.org/jay-sean-teens-for-jeans-initiative/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909003906/http://www.rickey.org/jay-sean-teens-for-jeans-initiative/ |archive-date=9 September 2012 |access-date=10 September 2014 |website=Rickey LLC}}</ref> David Archuleta, Ashley Greene, Justin Long, Demi Lovato, Rachel Crow, Drew Barrymore, Chloë Grace Moretz, Fifth Harmony, da The Vamps.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nikki Blonsky Helps Support DoSomething.org's Teens for Jeans |url=http://www.popeater.com/2011/01/31/nikki-blonsky-teens-for-jeans/ |access-date=29 December 2014 |website=PopEater }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="chacejeans">{{Cite web |date=27 January 2009 |title=chace crawford wants your jeans! |url=http://www.seventeen.com/fashion/blog/teens-for-jeans |access-date=10 September 2014 |publisher=Seventeen Magazine}}</ref> === Sashin sake farawa === Tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da blue California, dosomething.org ya kirkiro sansani don koyar da matasa game da lafiyar kwakwalwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Certified Bestie |url=https://www.dosomething.org/us/campaigns/certified-bestie}}</ref> === Rubutun ciki === DoSomething.org's Pregnancy Text, wani kamfen game da ciki na matasa., ya juya wayoyin salula na matasa zuwa "yara na kama-da-wane". A cewar shafin yanar gizon kungiyar, matasa 132,782 sun yi amfani da Rubutun ciki don yin wasa da abokansu da jaririn waya don fara tattaunawa game da ciki. === Ka bambanta Emoji na === DoSomething.org ya ba da ƙarfi ga takardar da ta shawo kan Apple don ƙirƙirar zaɓuɓɓukan emoji marasa fari.<ref name="auto"/> DoSomething.org Shugaban Kamfen Michaela Bethune ya gaya wa ''The'' ''Washington Post'', Diversify My Emoji "yana nuna yadda aikin kan layi, tare da manufa mai dacewa, hanyoyin, sikelin, da dandamali, na iya cimma ainihin tasirin kan layi. " === Fitar da Filter (GTFO) === A cikin 2015, DoSomething.org ya haɗu da Gaskiya, kamfen ɗin rigakafin shan sigari na matasa mafi tsawo da nasara, don ƙarfafa matasa su tsabtace bututun sigari kafin su sami damar cutar da namun daji ko zubar da sinadarai masu guba a cikin muhalli. Kungiyoyin sun haɗu tare da rapper Jake Miller a kan sanarwar sabis na jama'a.<ref name="auto1" /> A cewar shafin yanar gizon, matasa sun tsabtace buts na sigari miliyan 3.7 don kare duniya ta hanyar yakin.<ref name="auto"/> === Kakanninmu sun tafi waya === DoSomething.org da Gidauniyar AARP sun yi haɗin gwiwa don Grandparents Gone Wired, kamfen na shekara-shekara wanda ke ƙarfafa matasa su ba da ƙwarewar fasaha ga tsofaffi a rayuwarsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-02 |title=Grandparents Gone WIRED: Teach Your G-Parents Emojis and Win Major Cash! |url=http://www.cambio.com/2015/12/02/teach-grandparents-smartphone-emojis-win-cash/ |access-date=2016-11-19 |website=Cambio}}</ref> Mutumin Intanet IJustine, da Nev Schulman da Max Joseph daga MTV's Catfish: The TV Show, sun yi aiki a matsayin masu magana da yawun yakin. A cewar shafin yanar gizon, kamfen ɗin ya taimaka wa tsofaffi 11,753 su kasance masu tasowa a kan fasaha.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Who We Are {{!}} DoSomething.org {{!}} Volunteer for Social Change |url=https://dosomething.org/who-we-are |access-date=2016-11-19 |website=www.dosomething.org}}</ref> === Farkawa tsirara === A cikin 2015, a Ranar Tsirara ta Ƙasa, Yuli 14, memba na DoSomething.org Luis Torres ya kaddamar da yakin neman zabe mai suna Farkawa.[1] Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya nemi matasa da su bar ra'ayoyinsu akan gidan yanar gizon Merriam-Webster da kafofin watsa labarun, suna buƙatar ma'anar kalmar "tsirara" ta zama mai ma'ana. Bisa ga gidan yanar gizon DoSomething.org, kamfen ɗin ya ba da shawarar yin adalci ta hanyar lambobi kuma ya shawo kan Merriam-Webster don canza ma'anar wariyar launin fata na "tsirara".[2] === Wasanni na Wasanni === DoSomething.org ya haɗu da ESPN don ƙarfafa matasa su gudanar da kayan wasanni a cikin al'ummomi daban-daban. DoSomething.org da ESPN's Game-Winning Drive kamfen ɗin shine mafi girman motsa jiki na matasa kuma sun tattara kayan aiki 44,173 ga yara a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da sabis.<ref name="auto"/> === Ikon Lokaci === A cikin 2016, DoSomething.org ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da alamar U ta Kotex don gudanar da Power to the Period, motar farko ta ƙasa don samfuran haila.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Samantha |date=2016-08-25 |title=The Fight to Give Homeless Women a Dignified Period |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/08/25/the-fight-to-give-homeless-women-a-dignified-period.html |access-date=2016-11-19 |website=The Daily Beast}}</ref> Kungiyar ta haɗu da mutum na Intanet Ingrid Nilsen wanda ya rubuta PSA don kamfen ɗin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-14 |title=Ingrid Nilsen Asks Fans To Donate Period Products To Homeless Shelters In New PSA |url=http://www.tubefilter.com/2016/07/14/ingrid-nilsen-period-products-homeless-shelters-psa/ |access-date=2016-11-19 |website=Tubefilter}}</ref> Ta hanyar kamfen ɗin, an ba da gudummawar samfuran lokaci 585,965 ga mafaka marasa gida daga mahalarta 50,257. === Murmushi ga Sojoji === A cikin 2016, DoSomething.org sun haɗu da Johnson & Johnson don kamfen ɗin da ake kira Smiles for Soldiers wanda ke neman matasa su yi katunan godiya ga ma'aikatan soja. Dan wasan kwaikwayo Colton Haynes ya shiga yakin kuma ya rubuta sanarwar sabis na jama'a don yakin. A cewar shafin yanar gizon kungiyar, ta hanyar kamfen ɗin, matasa sun aika katunan 148,645 ga membobin aikin soja don nuna godiya da taimakawa membobin sabis su ji suna da alaƙa da gida.<ref name="auto"/> === Tufafin Komawa === Kamfen din "Comeback Clothes" na DoSomething.org ya ƙaddamar a watan Afrilun 2014 tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da H&amp;amp;M. Ana ƙarfafa matasa su sake amfani da tsofaffin tufafi da tsoffin tufafi ta hanyar kawo su zuwa H&M mafi kusa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2014 |title=DoSomething.org and H& Launch 'Comeback Clothes' Campaign With Olivia Wilde -- NEW YORK, April 17, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dosomethingorg-and-hm-launch-comeback-clothes-campaign-with-olivia-wilde-255630251.html |access-date=29 December 2014 |publisher=Prnewswire.com}}</ref> An dakatar da wannan shirin a cikin 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Customer Service FAQ |url=https://www2.hm.com/en_us/customer-service/h-m-coronavirus/information.html |access-date=22 April 2021 |website=H&M}}</ref> === Bayanan Bayani Daga Shawn === DoSomething.org ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da mawaƙa Shawn Mendes don taimakawa wajen bunkasa Girman kai na miliyoyin matasa a duk faɗin ƙasar. An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi da kalmomin waƙar Mendes "Life of the Party", kungiyar ta haɗu da mawaƙin don yada kyakkyawan ra'ayi. Ta hanyar sanya bayanan rubutu tare da saƙonni masu kyau da ƙarfafawa da aka rubuta a kansu, membobin DoSomething sun nemi kawo farin ciki ga mutane, da nufin dakatar da matasa daga cutar da kansu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notes From Shawn |url=https://www.dosomething.org/campaigns/notes-shawn |access-date=29 December 2014 |publisher=Dosomething.org |archive-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129030106/https://www.dosomething.org/campaigns/notes-shawn |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Yi Kyautar Wani Abu == [[Fayil:Dax_Shepard_&_Kristen_Bell_-_DSC_0079_(7821273278).jpg|right|thumb|Dax Shepard da Kristen Bell a 2012 DoSomething Awards da aka gudanar a Santa Monica]] An kaddamar da lambobin yabo a cikin 1996 (a matsayin BR!CK Awards) don nuna godiya ga matasa 25 da ke ƙasa da waɗanda suka yi aiki mai ban mamaki a cikin al'ummominsu da duniya. Bayan sake dawo da su a shekara ta 2007 a matsayin Do Something Awards, sun amince da matasa da ke yin canjin zamantakewa da kuma mutane daga masana'antar nishaɗi waɗanda suka sadaukar da lokacinsu ga gwagwarmaya da sadaka. Manyan 'yan takara huɗu na Do Something Awards suna karɓar tallafin al'umma na $ 10,000, yayin da wanda ya lashe babban kyautar ke karɓar tallafi na $ 100,000 don tura ayyukan al'umma zuwa gaba. An watsa lambobin yabo a karo na farko a cikin 2007. A shekara ta 2011, Jane Lynch ce ta shirya kyautar Do Something Awards a Hollywood Palladium a Los Angeles, California, kuma an watsa ta a kan VH1.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2011 Do Something Awards |url=http://dosomething.vh1.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707132954/http://dosomething.vh1.com/ |archive-date=July 7, 2012 |access-date=29 December 2014 |publisher=Dosomething.vh1.com}}</ref> Jerin masu wasan kwaikwayo sun hada da Demi Lovato, Foster the People, OneRepublic tare da B.o.B da sauran fitattun mutane kamar Justin Bieber, [[Lady Gaga]], [[Adam Lambert]], Kristen Bell, Nick Cannon, [[David Beckham]] da [[Kim Kardashian]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Len |title=Demi Lovato to Perform at Do Something Awards |url=http://www.theinsider.com/tunes/43262_Demi_Lovato_to_Perform_Live_at_2011_Do_Something_Awards/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612011804/http://www.theinsider.com/tunes/43262_Demi_Lovato_to_Perform_Live_at_2011_Do_Something_Awards/index.html |archive-date=2012-06-12 |access-date=2011-10-18 |publisher=The Insider}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2012, 'yan New Girl ne suka shirya kyautar DoSomething Awards Jake Johnson, Max Greenfield, da Lamorne Morris. A cikin 2013, Sophia Bush ce ta shirya kyautar Do Something Awards a The Avalon a Hollywood, California kuma an watsa ta a kan VH1. Jerin masu gabatarwa sun hada da Harry Shum, Joan da Melissa Rivers, Darren Criss, Russell Simons, da Roselyn Sánchez, da sauransu. Manyan mutane da aka girmama a Do Something Awards sun hada da: Patrick Dempsey, Jesse Tyler Ferguson, Jennifer Hudson, LL Cool J, da Kelly Osbourne . Fitz da Tantrums, J. Cole, da Sara Bareilles ne suka yi wasan kwaikwayo. === Wadanda suka lashe kyautar da suka gabata === * 1996 - Van Jones: An kafa kuma ya jagoranci San Francisco Bay Area Police Watch, kungiyar da ke taimakawa wadanda suka tsira daga rashin da'a da rashin tausayi na 'yan sanda. A cikin 1996, Van ya kafa Cibiyar Ella Baker don 'Yancin Dan Adam. An yi wa suna ga wata mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a Ella Baker, Cibiyar "tana inganta hanyoyin tashin hankali da ɗaurin kurkuku".[1] * 1998 - Mark Levine: Kafa Kiredit Inda Kiredit Ya Kafa da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Ƙungiya, don taimakawa iyalai masu karamin karfi a Arewacin Manhattan a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] don samun dama da sarrafa ayyukan kudi.[1][2] * 2005 - Dalibai don Ba da gudummawar gabobi: Wanda ya kafa Richard Ludlow ya fara wannan ƙungiya mai zaman kanta a Yale. Daga ƙarshe ya bazu zuwa jami'o'i 20 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta BRICK a 2005.[1] * 2005 - Rubuce-rubucen Yanar Gizo: [1] Wanda ya kafa Daniel Kent ya fara Babban Haɗin kai [2] (daga baya aka sake masa suna Net Literacy) a makarantar sakandare da masu sa kai na ɗalibai 4,500 sun ba da gudummawar kwamfutoci 40,000 sun haɓaka damar samun fasaha ga mutane sama da 250,000. * 2006 - [[Jodan|Jordan]] Schwartz mai shekaru 12, ya sami lambar yabo ta Do wani abu Brick A matsayin wanda ya kafa kuma mai shirya wasan kwaikwayo na The Children's Bilingual Theatre wanda ya himmatu wajen daidaita harshe da al'adu a cikin al'ummarmu ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo da fasaha kuma ya sadaukar da kai don ba wa gungun matasa daban-daban kwarewar wasan kwaikwayo yayin da suke ba da fa'idodin amincewa da magana da jama'a. www.childrensbilingualtheater.org * 2007 - Jacob Komar: Ya ƙirƙira "Computers for Communities", [1] wanda ke samun kwamfutoci da aka jefar, da koyar da fursunonin yadda ake gyara su da kuma rarraba su ga mutanen gida masu buƙatar kwamfuta. Wannan shirin ya rarraba fiye da kwamfutoci 1,000 kuma Yakubu yana shirin fadada ayyukansa. * 2007 - Kimmie Weeks: Created Youth Action International, wanda ya sake gina al'ummomin Afirka da yaki ya daidaita. Dubban yara a kasashen Afirka bayan yakin sun ci gajiyar cibiyoyin YAI, rancen bashi, tallafin karatu, makarantun zaman lafiya, filayen wasa, da kuma shirye-shiryen noma. * 2008 - [[Cadi|Chad]] Bullock: An horar da matasa 45,000 don yin ayyukan hana shan sigari kuma sun haɓaka wani rukunin yaƙi da shan taba helloCHANGE.org 2009 - Maggie Doyne: An buɗe kuma tana kula da Makarantar Firamare ta Kopila Valley tare da ajiyar rayuwarta. Ya zuwa 2011, yara 35 suna zaune a gidan marayu kuma yara sama da 230 suna zuwa makarantar. * 2010 - Jessica Posner: Haɗin gwiwa mai haskaka bege ga al'ummomi don magance rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi da talauci a Kibera. A matsayin makarantar kyauta ta farko a Kibera, Jessica ta taimaka sama da mazauna 5,700 samun ilimi da aikin yi.[1] 2011 - Sarah Cronk: Wanda ya kafa The Sparkle Effect, wani sabon tsarin gudanar da ɗalibi wanda ke ƙarfafa matasa a duk faɗin ƙasar don haɗa naƙasassun ɗalibai a cikin shirye-shiryen fara'a na makarantar sakandare. Makasudin shirin shine baiwa nakasassun dalibai damar samun karbuwa ta gaskiya da kuma samun kwarin gwiwa a matsayin daliban makarantar sakandare da kuma kwadaitar da daukacin al'ummomi su rungumi hadewa. * 2012 - Katia Gomez: Tana ba da ilimi ga matasan [[Honduras]] ta hanyar gidauniyarta Educate2Envision, wanda kuma yana taimakawa wajen nuna damar da ilimi zai iya kawowa. 2013 - Daniel Maree: Ya kafa Million Hoodies Movement don Adalci, wanda ke taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin launin fata da kuma [[Florida]]'s Stand Your Ground Law bayan mutuwar Trayvon Martin mai shekaru 17. == 2020 Zarge-zargen nuna bambanci na launin fata da kuma yajin aiki na ma'aikata == A watan Yunin 2020, tsoffin ma'aikatan DoSomething sun yi zargin [[Twitter]] game da [[Implicit bias|nuna bambancin launin fata]] da [[Toxic work culture|al'adun aiki mai guba]] a DoSomething da 'yar'uwarta Crisis Text Line. Shugaba na Crisis Text Line, [[Nancy Lublin]], an kore shi tare da mambobi biyu na Kwamitin Daraktocin Crisis Text.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lublin Fired, Crisis Text Line Board Apologizes To Staff |url=https://www.thenonprofittimes.com/npt_articles/lublin-fired-crisis-text-line-board-apologizes-to-staff/ |access-date=2020-09-12 |website=The NonProfit Times |language=en}}</ref> Zargin ya haifar da kira ga murabus din Shugaba na DoSomething [[Aria Finger]] saboda zargin da take yi da shi da kuma gazawar magance al'adun aiki mai guba. Finger ya ɗauki izinin barin aiki a watan Yuni amma an sake dawo da shi a ƙarshen watan Agusta bayan binciken da aka yi na kai tsaye cewa babu wani wariyar launin fata a cikin kungiyar ba da riba. Wannan ya sa rabin ma'aikatan DoSomething su fita a ranar 8 ga Satumba, sun ki yin aiki har sai Finger ya yi murabus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2020 |title=Employees of Social Change Nonprofit Stage Walkout to Protest 'Racial Abuse' |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/employees-of-social-change-nonprofit-stage-walkout-to-protest-racial-abuse/ |access-date=2020-09-12 |website=Vice.com |language=en}}</ref> Sun nuna cewa rahoton mai zaman kansa bai magance zarge-zargen da gaskiya ba, cewa ba a saki rahoton ga ma'aikata ba, kuma ya mayar da hankali ga nuna bambancin launin fata duk da cewa zarge-rikicen sun yi magana da farko game da nuna bambancin wariyar launin fata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Employee Strife Continues At DoSomething |url=https://www.thenonprofittimes.com/hr/employee-strife-continues-at-dosomething/ |access-date=2020-09-12 |website=The NonProfit Times |language=en}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na 2021, DoSomething ta ba da sanarwar nadin sabon Shugaba, DeNora Getachew. A cewar sanarwar manema labarai, Getachew za ta "yi aiki don inganta ingantaccen [[Rashin wariyar launin fata|adawa da wariyar launin fata]] da al'adun hada kai bisa amincewa da haɗin gwiwa".<ref>{{Cite web |last=DoSomething.org |title=DoSomething.org Welcomes DeNora Getachew as Chief Executive Officer |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dosomethingorg-welcomes-denora-getachew-as-chief-executive-officer-301266835.html |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Ku ciyar da Ayyuka * Ranar Kudi kyauta * Jerin kyaututtuka don aikin sa kai da sabis na al'umma == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.DoSomething.org/}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081004174447/http://www.dosomething.org/programs/awards Do Something Awards Official Website] * [http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm/bay/search.summary/orgid/9374.htm Mai ba da agaji Binciken Yin Wani Abu] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/11/giving/11CAMP.html Matasa Masu Gwagwarmaya Suna Yin Ayyukansu don Rashin Amfani, New York Times] * [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/25/business/25charity.html?_r=2&sq=dosomething&st=cse&adxnnl=1&scp=1&adxnnlx=1309273216-1L/GbqUxMJVtW6s8XDdugg Ayyukan sadaka sun tafi wayar hannu don yin kira ga matasa, New York Times] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6isdxsx6ft1swbdv8jcmguh80a9c1xz 0 112041 824009 790483 2026-04-22T08:31:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 824009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gogewa}}{{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani rare [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka]] nau'in shuke-shuke furanni a cikin iyali Asteraceae . An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tuddai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin Amurka . Wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30&nbsp;cm (inci 12) tsayi. [[Leaf shape|Ganyen suna da siffar spatula]], har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da [[Flower heads|kananun farar fulawa]] da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan [[Disc floret|fuloti]] 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] hli6qfxmbo5vdgagugcpn0o81yl4m7e 824010 824009 2026-04-22T08:32:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 824010 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani rare [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka]] nau'in shuke-shuke furanni a cikin iyali Asteraceae . An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tuddai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin Amurka . Wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30&nbsp;cm (inci 12) tsayi. [[Leaf shape|Ganyen suna da siffar spatula]], har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da [[Flower heads|kananun farar fulawa]] da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan [[Disc floret|fuloti]] 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] rus1p0ifn4yqobjg4wyk179pd21n7fm 824011 824010 2026-04-22T08:32:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 824011 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka]] nau'in shuke-shuke furanni a cikin iyali Asteraceae . An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tuddai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin Amurka . Wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30&nbsp;cm (inci 12) tsayi. [[Leaf shape|Ganyen suna da siffar spatula]], har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da [[Flower heads|kananun farar fulawa]] da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan [[Disc floret|fuloti]] 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] q5hgj1xmsjdhs0yjj0xi33n5a1uqfco 824012 824011 2026-04-22T08:32:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 824012 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro ne a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka]] nau'in shuke-shuke furanni a cikin iyali Asteraceae . An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tuddai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin Amurka . Wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30&nbsp;cm (inci 12) tsayi. [[Leaf shape|Ganyen suna da siffar spatula]], har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da [[Flower heads|kananun farar fulawa]] da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan [[Disc floret|fuloti]] 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] gmquiwxl3jiuc13w2r5ewo50m89inp6 824013 824012 2026-04-22T08:33:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 824013 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro ne a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka,]] nau'in shuke-shuken furanni a cikin iyali Asteraceae . An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tuddai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin Amurka . Wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30&nbsp;cm (inci 12) tsayi. [[Leaf shape|Ganyen suna da siffar spatula]], har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da [[Flower heads|kananun farar fulawa]] da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan [[Disc floret|fuloti]] 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] pb1rnbpgzcc9sijm1wy8xrmmymxo31n 824014 824013 2026-04-22T08:33:35Z Pharouqenr 25549 824014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro ne a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka,]] nau'in shuke-shuken furanni a cikin iyalin Asteraceae . An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tuddai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin Amurka . Wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30&nbsp;cm (inci 12) tsayi. [[Leaf shape|Ganyen suna da siffar spatula]], har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da [[Flower heads|kananun farar fulawa]] da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan [[Disc floret|fuloti]] 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 2escifr28rne3in7od8zp7j8f55dobm 824015 824014 2026-04-22T08:33:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 824015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro ne a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka,]] nau'in shuke-shuken furanni a cikin iyalin Asteraceae. An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tuddai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin Amurka . Wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30&nbsp;cm (inci 12) tsayi. [[Leaf shape|Ganyen suna da siffar spatula]], har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da [[Flower heads|kananun farar fulawa]] da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan [[Disc floret|fuloti]] 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] nhb2ahxrt81xz9poau5ifd2h37kumsd 824016 824015 2026-04-22T08:34:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 824016 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro ne a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka,]] nau'in shuke-shuken furanni a cikin iyalin Asteraceae. An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tuddai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin Amurka. Wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30&nbsp;cm (inci 12) tsayi. [[Leaf shape|Ganyen suna da siffar spatula]], har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da [[Flower heads|kananun farar fulawa]] da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan [[Disc floret|fuloti]] 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] g9hfywawrou5172z49mmjyy9eprabqn 824017 824016 2026-04-22T08:34:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 824017 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro ne a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka,]] nau'in shuke-shuken furanni a cikin iyalin Asteraceae. An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tuddai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin Amurka. Wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30cm (inci 12) tsayi. [[Leaf shape|Ganyen suna da siffar spatula]], har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da [[Flower heads|kananun farar fulawa]] da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan [[Disc floret|fuloti]] 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 3yyk9bx6u5e9l1q57pa9c31iecwxcek 824018 824017 2026-04-22T08:34:35Z Pharouqenr 25549 824018 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro ne a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka,]] nau'in shuke-shuken furanni a cikin iyalin Asteraceae. An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tuddai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin Amurka. Wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30cm (inci 12) tsayi. Ganyen suna da siffar spatula, har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da [[Flower heads|kananun farar fulawa]] da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan [[Disc floret|fuloti]] 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] macbd8ocfxyfmu1vjz46qji6x1s3dit 824019 824018 2026-04-22T08:34:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 824019 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro ne a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka,]] nau'in shuke-shuken furanni a cikin iyalin Asteraceae. An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tuddai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin Amurka. Wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30cm (inci 12) tsayi. Ganyen suna da siffar spatula, har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da kananun farar fulawa da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan [[Disc floret|fuloti]] 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 1df6f1y1hznqt24qa5snhfwlpo9xiep 824020 824019 2026-04-22T08:35:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 824020 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro ne a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka,]] nau'in shuke-shuken furanni a cikin iyalin Asteraceae. An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tsirrai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin Amurka. Wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30cm (inci 12) tsayi. Ganyen suna da siffar spatula, har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da kananun farar fulawa da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan [[Disc floret|fuloti]] 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 7r2l02o7sm8a5gafsqb2kw9zjfzq7b6 824021 824020 2026-04-22T08:35:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 824021 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro ne a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka,]] nau'in shuke-shuken furanni a cikin iyalin Asteraceae. An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tsirrai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin [[Amurka]]. Wasu daga cikin jama'ar suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30cm (inci 12) tsayi. Ganyen suna da siffar spatula, har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da kananun farar fulawa da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan [[Disc floret|fuloti]] 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 4doez5icwwfbfw3pf8z9dq8atfriy4s 824022 824021 2026-04-22T08:36:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 824022 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro ne a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka,]] nau'in shuke-shuken furanni a cikin iyalin Asteraceae. An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tsirrai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin [[Amurka]]. Wasu daga cikin jama'ar yankin suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30cm (inci 12) tsayi. Ganyen suna da siffar spatula, har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da kananun farar fulawa da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan [[Disc floret|fuloti]] 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 7ctxukl2e3bbbh92xct0ni19j73blhc 824024 824022 2026-04-22T08:37:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 824024 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro ne a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka,]] nau'in shuke-shuken furanni a cikin iyalin Asteraceae. An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tsirrai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin [[Amurka]]. Wasu daga cikin jama'ar yankin suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30cm (inci 12) tsayi. Ganyen suna da siffar spatula, har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da kananun farar fulawa da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan fuloti 21 amma babu [[Ray florets|florets]].<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] 9s3wwlj6gnhottkmg1lamboiiry8138 824025 824024 2026-04-22T08:37:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 824025 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro ne a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka,]] nau'in shuke-shuken furanni a cikin iyalin Asteraceae. An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tsirrai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin [[Amurka]]. Wasu daga cikin jama'ar yankin suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30cm (inci 12) tsayi. Ganyen suna da siffar spatula, har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da kananun farar fulawa da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan fuloti 21 amma babu florets.<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] o1tcts8bo4rca3c5hu9a9hf86pobkji 824026 824025 2026-04-22T08:37:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 824026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Ericameria zionis''''', da '''subalpine goldenbush''' ko '''itacen al'ul karya goldenbush''', wani tsiro ne a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amirka,]] nau'in shuke-shuken furanni a cikin iyalin Asteraceae. An samo shi ne kawai a cikin tsirrai masu tsayi a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin jihar [[Utah]] a yammacin [[Amurka]]. Wasu daga cikin jama'ar yankin suna kwance a cikin [[Cedar Breaks National Monument]] da [[Gidan shakatawa na Bryce Canyon|Bryce Canyon National Park]].<ref>Utah Native Plant Society, Utah Rare Plant Guide, Haplopappus zionis photos, line drawing, distribution map, ecological information</ref> ''Ericameria zionis'' wani shrub ne mai rassa har zuwa 30cm (inci 12) tsayi. Ganyen suna da siffar spatula, har zuwa 40&nbsp;mm (1.6 inci) tsayi. Tsire-tsire ɗaya na iya samar da kananun farar fulawa da yawa a cikin dunƙule tamtse, kowane kai mai yawan fuloti 21 amma babu florets.<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1983. Haplopappus crispus and H. zionis (Asteraceae): new species from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 358–364</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] qw8seenom5203o0jb1uz6wu51gegh5w 0 112458 823868 773767 2026-04-21T23:11:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Seoul_(175734251)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Skyline na [[Seoul]] da dare]] [[Fayil:Adelaide_DougBarber.jpg|thumb|Bayyanar sararin samaniya na Greater Adelaide, wuraren shakatawa suna aiki a matsayin shingen tsakanin CBD na ciki da kewaye da birane]] [[Fayil:Northeast_megalopolis_at_night.jpg|thumb|Ra'ayi na tauraron dan adam na megalopolis na Arewa maso gabashin Amurka da dare, megalopoly mafi yawan tattalin arziki a duniya tare da mazauna sama da miliyan 50, wanda ke tsakiyar [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]]]] [[Fayil:ISS-67_City_lights_of_São_Paulo,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Babban São Paulo da dare, kamar yadda aka gani daga tashar sararin samaniya ta duniyaTashar sararin samaniya ta kasa da kasa]] [[Fayil:Aglomeracja_warszawska_wg_Swianiewicza.png|thumb|Yankin Warsaw]] '''Yankin birane''' shine mazaunin ɗan adam tare da yawan jama'a da kuma ababen more rayuwa na gine-gine.{{Efn|Also known as a '''built-up area''' or '''urban agglomeration'''.}} Yankunan birane sun samo asali ne ta hanyar birane, kuma masu bincike sun rarraba su a matsayin birane, garuruwa, conurbations ko unguwanni. A cikin birane, kalmar "birni" ta bambanta da [[Countryside|yankunan karkara]] kamar [[Ƙauye|ƙauyuka]] da ƙauyuka; a cikin ilimin zamantakewar birane ko ilimin ɗan adam na birane, sau da yawa ya bambanta da yanayin halitta. Ci gaban magabata na birane na zamani a lokacin juyin juya halin birane na karni na 4 KZ ya haifar da kafa [[wayewa]] ɗan adam kuma a ƙarshe zuwa Tsarin birane na yau da kullun, wanda tare da sauran ayyukan ɗan adam kamar [[amfani da albarkatun kasa]] ya haifar da [[Tasirin ɗan adam a kan muhalli|Tasirin ɗan adam akan muhalli]]. == Ci gaban tarihi na baya-bayan nan == [[Fayil:Global_land_use_for_food_production,_OWID_statistic.png|thumb|Amfani da ƙasa na duniya a cikin 2019, an kiyasta yankin da aka gina a matsayin murabba'in kilomita miliyan 1.5.]] A cikin 1950, mutane miliyan 764 (ko kusan kashi 30 cikin 100 na mutane biliyan 2.5 a duniya) suna zaune a cikin birane. A shekara ta 2009, yawan mutanen da ke zaune a cikin birane (3.42 biliyan) sun wuce yawan mutanen da suke zaune a yankunan karkara (3.41 biliyan), kuma tun daga wannan lokacin duniya ta zama birane fiye da karkara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Population Division – Department of Economic and Social Affairs |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/urbanization/urban-rural.shtml}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2014, ya kai biliyan 3.9 (ko kusan kashi 53 cikin 100 na mutane biliyan 7.3 a duniya) waɗanda ke zaune a cikin birane. Canjin ya haifar da haɗuwa da ƙaruwar yawan jama'a da ƙaruyar kashi na yawan mutanen da ke zaune a cikin birane. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da yawancin mutanen duniya suka zauna a cikin birni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urban population growth |url=https://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situation_trends/urban_population_growth_text/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308235946/http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situation_trends/urban_population_growth_text/en/ |archive-date=March 8, 2012 |publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref> A wannan lokacin babban kimantawa da aka lissafa har zuwa murabba'in kilomita miliyan 3.5 na ƙasa sun kasance birane, kimantawa daga 1% na yankin ƙasa na duniya. <ref name="c171">{{Cite web |date=October 30, 2024 |title=How Much of the World is Covered by Cities? |url=https://www.newgeography.com/content/001689-how-much-world-covered-cities |access-date=October 30, 2024 |website=Newgeography.com}}</ref><ref name="r019">{{Cite journal |last=Ritchie |first=Hannah |last2=Roser |first2=Max |date=February 16, 2024 |title=Land Use |url=https://ourworldindata.org/land-use#half-of-the-world-s-habitable-land-is-used-for-agriculture |journal=Our World in Data |page= |access-date=October 30, 2024}}</ref> A shekara ta 2014 akwai mutane biliyan 7.3 da ke zaune a duniya, daga cikinsu yawan mutanen birane na duniya sun hada da biliyan 3.9. Sashen Jama'a na Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki da Harkokin Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a wannan lokacin ya yi hasashen cewa yawan mutanen birane za su mamaye kashi 68% na yawan mutanen duniya nan da shekara ta 2050, tare da kashi 90% na wannan ci gaban da ke fitowa daga Afirka da Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/ |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=www.ipcc.ch |language=en}}</ref> == Gidajen birni == {{Blockquote|The UN publishes data on cities, urban areas and rural areas, but relies almost entirely on national definitions of these areas. The UN principles and recommendations state that due to different characteristics of urban and rural areas across the globe, a global definition is not possible.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/work/2014_01_new_urban.pdf |title=A harmonised definition of cities and rural areas: the new degree of urbanisation |last1=Dijkstra |first1=Lewis |last2=Poelman |first2=Hugo |series=Regional Working Paper |publisher=Europa Commission |date=2014 |access-date=28 December 2023 }}</ref>}} [[Fayil:Urban_land_area_(km²),_OWID.svg|thumb|Yankin birni (km²), 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Urban land area (km²) |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-land-area |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref>]] [[Fayil:2020_1million_cities.jpg|thumb|Yankunan birane tare da akalla mazauna miliyan daya a cikin 2020]] Ana kirkirar yankunan birane kuma ana ci gaba da bunkasa su ta hanyar tsarin birni. Ana auna su don dalilai daban-daban, gami da nazarin yawan jama'a da Yaduwar birane. Ana samun yankunan birane a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], [[Kanada]], [[Brazil]], [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], [[Argentina]], [[Chile]], [[Japan]], Australia, da sauran ƙasashe da yawa inda yawan birane yake da yawa. Ba kamar birni ba, yankin birni ya haɗa da ba kawai birni ba ne, har ma da Biranen tauraron dan adam tare da shiga tsakani na yankunan karkara wanda ke da alaƙa da zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da Babban birni, yawanci ta hanyar haɗin aiki ta hanyar tafiye-tafiye, tare da babban birane shine kasuwar ma'aikata ta farko. 'anar "yanki na birni" kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kididdigar tattalin arziki bai kamata a rikita shi da manufar "yanki" da aka yi amfani dashi a cikin kidididdigar tsaro ta hanya ba. Wannan kalmar ta fara kirkirar ne daga masanin ilimin ƙasa Brian Manning. Tunanin karshe kuma an san shi da "Yankin da aka gina a cikin aminci na hanya". Dangane da ma'anar Ofishin Kididdiga na Kasa, "An bayyana wuraren da aka gina a matsayin ƙasar da ba za a iya juyawa ba a cikin halayyar birni', ma'ana cewa suna da halayyar gari ko birni. Sun haɗa da yankunan da aka gina tare da mafi ƙarancin hekta 20 (200,000 m2;). Duk wani yanki [ya raba da] kasa da mita 200 [na sararin samaniya] suna da alaƙa don zama yanki guda ɗaya da aka gina.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2013 |title=2011 Census: Characteristics of Built-Up Areas (4. Introduction) |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/articles/characteristicsofbuiltupareas/2013-06-28 |access-date=20 October 2019 |publisher=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> Argentina da Japan ƙasashe ne inda yawan birane ya wuce 90% yayin da Australia, Brazil, Kanada, Chile, Mexico, da Amurka ƙasashe ne waɗanda yawan birane ke tsakanin 80% da 90%, kodayake a cikin jihar [[New Jersey]] ta Amurka, yawan birane yana da 100%.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ritchie |first=Hannah |last2=Samborska |first2=Veronika |last3=Roser |first3=Max |date=2024-02-23 |title=Urbanization |url=https://ourworldindata.org/urbanization#:~:text=Using%20these%20definitions,%20it%20reports,shown%20in%20the%20chart%20below. |journal=Our World in Data}}</ref> == Manyan birane == Akwai matakai biyu na matakin birni na yawan jama'a. Na farko, yawan jama'a, ya bayyana kashi na yawan mutanen da ke zaune a cikin birane, kamar yadda kasar ta bayyana. Mataki na biyu, yawan birane, ya bayyana matsakaicin canjin girman yawan mutanen birane a cikin lokacin da aka ba su. Dangane da Urbanisation ta hanyar labarin mai zaman kansa, duniya gabaɗaya tana da kashi 56.2% na birane, tare da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ƙasashe da aka ruwaito sun fi kashi 80% na birane. An dauki bayanai daga Hukumar leken asiri ta Amurka ta Tsakiya World Factbook kimantawa daga 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Factbook Urbanization |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/urbanization |access-date=26 August 2018 |website=Central Intelligence Agency |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422100832/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/urbanization/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cewar Demographia, waɗannan su ne manyan birane 200 a duniya ta yawan jama'a (kamar yadda ya kasance a 2023): {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ ! !Yankin Birni !Kasar / Yankin !Yawan jama'a |- |1 |[[Tokyo]]-[[Yokohama]] |[[Japan]] |37,785,000 |- |2 |[[Jakarta]] |[[Indonesiya|Indonesia]] |35,386,000 |- |3 |[[Delhi]] |[[Indiya]] |31,190,000 |- |4 |[[Guangzhou]]-Foshan |[[Sin|China]] |27,119,000 |- |5 |[[Mumbai]] |[[Indiya]] |25,189,000 |- |6 |[[Manila]] |[[Filipin|Philippines]] |24,156,000 |- |7 |[[Shanghai]] |[[Sin|China]] |24,042,000 |- |8 |[[Seoul]]-[[Incheon]] |[[Koriya ta Kudu]] |23,225,000 |- |9 |[[Kairo|Alkahira]] |[[Misra|Misira]] |22,679,000 |- |10 |[[Mexico (birni)|Birnin Mexico]] |[[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] |21,905,000 |- |11 |[[Kolkata]] |[[Indiya]] |21,747,000 |- |12 |[[São Paulo]] |[[Brazil]] |21,486,000 |- |13 |[[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] |[[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] |21,396,000 |- |14 |[[Karachi]] |[[Pakistan]] |20,249,000 |- |15 |[[Dhaka]] |[[Bangladesh]] |19,134,000 |- |16 |[[Bangkok]] |[[Tailan|Thailand]] |18,884,000 |- |17 |[[Beijing]] |[[Sin|China]] |18,883,000 |- |18 |[[Moscow]] |[[Rasha]] |17,878,000 |- |19 |[[Shenzhen]] |[[Sin|China]] |17,778,000 |- |20 |[[Buenos Aires]] |[[Argentina]] |15,748,000 |- |21 |[[Los Angeles]] |[[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] |15,587,000 |- |22 |[[Johannesburg]]-[[Pretoria]] |[[Afirka ta Kudu]] |15,551,000 |- |23 |[[Bengaluru|Bangalore]] |[[Indiya]] |15,257,000 |- |24 |[[Chengdu]] |[[Sin|China]] |15,016,000 |- |25 |[[Birnin Ho Chi Minh]] |[[Vietnam]] |14,953,000 |- |26 |[[Osaka]]-[[Kobe]]-[[Kyoto]] |[[Japan]] |14,916,000 |- |27 |[[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] |[[Najeriya]] |14,540,000 |- |28 |[[Istanbul]] |[[Turkiyya]] |14,441,000 |- |29 |[[Lahore]] |[[Pakistan]] |13,504,000 |- |30 |[[Kinshasa]] |[[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] |13,493,000 |- |31 |[[Tehran]] |[[Iran]] |13,382,000 |- |32 |[[Chongqing]] |[[Sin|China]] |12,653,000 |- |33 |[[Rio de Janeiro]] |[[Brazil]] |12,306,000 |- |34 |[[Xi'an]] |[[Sin|China]] |12,211,000 |- |35 |[[Chennai]] |[[Indiya]] |12,053,697 |- |36 |[[Faris|Paris]] |[[Faransa]] |11,108,000 |- |37 |Zhengzhou |[[Sin|China]] |11,068,000 |- |38 |[[Luanda]] |[[Angola]] |10,914,000 |- |39 |[[Landan]] |[[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] |10,803,000 |- |40 |Dongguan |[[Sin|China]] |10,753,000 |- |41 |[[Lima]] |[[Peru]] |10,556,000 |- |42 |[[Wuhan]] |[[Sin|China]] |10,353,000 |- |43 |[[Bogotá|Bogota]] |[[Kolombiya|Colombia]] |10,252,000 |- |44 |[[Tianjin]] |[[Sin|China]] |10,047,000 |- |45 |[[Hyderabad]] |[[Indiya]] |9,797,000 |- |46 |[[Taipei]] |[[Taiwan]] |9,662,000 |- |47 |[[Hangzhou]] |[[Sin|China]] |9,618,000 |- |48 |[[Nagoya]] |[[Japan]] |9,439,000 |- |49 |[[Kuala Lumpur]] |[[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] |9,387,000 |- |50 |[[Chicago]] |Amurka |8,954,000 |- |51 |Nanjing |China |8,507,000 |- |52 |[[Riyadh]] |[[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] |8,309,000 |- |53 |Shenyang-Fushun |China |8,044,000 |- |54 |[[Ahmedabad|Ahmadabad]] |Indiya |8,006,000 |- |55 |[[Dar es Salaam]] |[[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] |7,965,000 |- |56 |[[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]-Baltimore |Amurka |7,853,000 |- |57 |[[Boston]]-ProvidenceGudanarwa |Amurka |7,429,000 |- |58 |[[Onitsha]] |Najeriya |7,205,000 |- |59 |[[Bandung]] |Indonesia |7,203,000 |- |60 |[[Addis Ababa]] |[[Itofiya|Habasha]] |7,185,000 |- |61 |[[Khartoum]] |[[Sudan]] |7,155,000 |- |62 |[[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]] |[[Chile]] |7,099,000 |- |63 |[[Dallas]]-[[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]] |Amurka |6,979,000 |- |64 |[[Nairobi]] |[[Kenya]] |6,929,000 |- |65 |[[San Francisco]]-San Jose |Amurka |6,844,000 |- |66 |[[Toronto]] |[[Kanada]] |6,837,000 |- |67 |[[Pune]] |Indiya |6,819,000 |- |68 |[[Madrid]] |[[Ispaniya|Spain]] |6,798,000 |- |69 |[[Essen]]-[[Düsseldorf]] |[[Jamus]] |6,769,000 |- |70 |Quanzhou |China |6,743,000 |- |71 |[[Houston]] |Amurka |6,703,000 |- |72 |[[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] |[[Iraƙi|Iraki]] |6,624,000 |- |73 |[[Surat]] |Indiya |6,601,000 |- |74 |[[Amman]] |[[Jodan|Jordan]] |6,563,000 |- |75 |[[Surabaya]] |Indonesia |6,556,000 |- |76 |[[Hong Kong]] |[[Hong Kong|Hong Kong SAR]] |6,468,000 |- |77 |[[Yangon]] |[[Myanmar]] |6,426,000 |- |78 |[[Hanoi]] |Vietnam |6,359,000 |- |79 |Qingdao |China |6,291,000 |- |80 |[[Miami]] |Amurka |6,139,000 |- |81 |Suzhou |China |6,091,000 |- |82 |[[Singafora|Singapore]] |[[Singafora|Singapore]] |5,926,000 |- |83 |[[Philadelphia|Filadelfia]] |Amurka |5,795,000 |- |84 |[[Accra]] |[[Ghana]] |5,785,000 |- |85 |[[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] |Rasha |5,750,000 |- |86 |[[Atlanta]] |Amurka |5,702,000 |- |87 |[[Abidjan]] |[[Ivory Coast]] |5,678,000 |- |88 |[[Kabul]] |[[Afghanistan]] |5,566,000 |- |89 |[[Alexandria|Iskandariya]] |Misira |5,552,000 |- |90 |[[Milano|Milan]] |[[Italiya]] |5,471,000 |- |91 |[[Jeddah|Jiddah]] |Saudi Arabia |5,408,000 |- |92 |[[Ankara]] |Turkiyya |5,359,000 |- |93 |Faisalabad |Pakistan |5,356,000 |- |94 |[[Barcelona]] |Spain |5,317,000 |- |95 |[[Åmøy|Xiamen]] |China |5,253,000 |- |96 |Ƙananan Halitta |Brazil |5,242,000 |- |97 |Taiyuan |China |5,067,000 |- |98 |Changsha |China |5,065,000 |- |99 |Hefei |China |5,052,000 |- |100 |[[Mashhad]] |Iran |5,045,000 |- |101 |Kunming |China |4,995,000 |- |102 |Rawalpindi-[[Islamabad]] |Pakistan |4,954,000 |- |103 |[[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]] |[[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] |4,945,000 |- |104 |[[Sydney]] |[[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] |4,836,000 |- |105 |[[Kumasi]] |Ghana |4,794,000 |- |106 |[[Melbourne]] |Ostiraliya |4,709,000 |- |107 |[[Kampala]] |[[Uganda]] |4,679,000 |- |108 |Monterrey |Mexico |4,674,000 |- |109 |[[Kano (birni)|Kano]] |Najeriya |4,670,000 |- |110 |[[Lucknow]] |Indiya |4,661,000 |- |111 |[[Yaounde]] |[[Kamaru]] |4,642,000 |- |112 |[[Phoenix]] |Amurka |4,617,000 |- |113 |[[Cape Town|Birnin Cape Town]] |Afirka ta Kudu |4,595,000 |- |114 |Ürümqi |China |4,548,000 |- |115 |Wuxi |China |4,524,000 |- |116 |[[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]] |[[Moroko|Maroko]] |4,499,000 |- |117 |Fuzhou |China |4,487,000 |- |118 |[[Guadalalajara|Guadalajara]] |Mexico |4,401,000 |- |119 |[[Izmir]] |Turkiyya |4,367,251 |- |120 |[[Jaipur]] |Indiya |4,360,000 |- |121 |[[Kanpur]] |Indiya |4,350,000 |- |122 |[[Santo Domingo]] |[[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominica]] |4,345,000 |- |123 |[[Berlin]] |Jamus |4,286,000 |- |124 |Guiyang |China |4,269,000 |- |125 |[[Detroit]] |Amurka |4,258,000 |- |126 |Nanchang |China |4,240,000 |- |127 |[[Mogadishu]] |[[Somaliya]] |4,219,000 |- |128 |Changzhou |China |4,206,000 |- |129 |[[Chittagong]] |Bangladesh |4,204,000 |- |130 |Dalian |China |4,177,000 |- |131 |Zhongshan |China |4,113,000 |- |132 |[[Kuwaiti (birni)|Kuwait]] |[[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]] |4,066,000 |- |133 |[[Jinan]] |China |4,057,000 |- |134 |[[Medan]] |Indonesia |4,027,000 |- |135 |Wenzhou |China |4,024,000 |- |136 |[[Seattle]] |Amurka |4,001,000 |- |137 |Tashkent |[[Uzbekistan]] |3,935,000 |- |138 |[[Shijiazhuang]] |China |3,871,000 |- |139 |[[Harbin]] |China |3,869,000 |- |140 |[[Recife]] |Brazil |3,866,000 |- |141 |[[Busan]] |Koriya ta Kudu |3,843,000 |- |142 |[[Bamako]] |[[Mali]] |3,783,000 |- |143 |[[Indore]] |Indiya |3,765,000 |- |144 |[[Douala]] |Kamaru |3,751,000 |- |145 |[[Montréal|Montreal]] |Kanada |3,750,000 |- |146 |[[Ibadan]] |Najeriya |3,657,000 |- |147 |[[Napoli|Naples]] |Italiya |3,653,000 |- |148 |[[Sanaa|Sana]] |[[Yemen]] |3,585,000 |- |149 |[[Kolombo|Colombo]] |[[Sri Lanka]] |3,532,000 |- |150 |[[Dakar]] |[[Senegal]] |3,510,000 |- |151 |Porto Alegre |Brazil |3,504,000 |- |152 |[[Mbuji-Mayi]] |Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo |3,493,000 |- |153 |[[Nagpur]] |Indiya |3,493,000 |- |154 |[[Aljir|Algiers]] |[[Aljeriya]] |3,462,000 |- |155 |[[Durban]] |Afirka ta Kudu |3,452,000 |- |156 |[[Port Harcourt|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]] |Najeriya |3,429,000 |- |157 |[[Fortaleza|Ginin Ginin]] |Brazil |3,415,000 |- |158 |[[Brasilia|Brasília]] |Brazil |3,406,000 |- |159 |Changchun |China |3,387,000 |- |160 |[[Salvador (Bahia)|Salvador]] |Brazil |3,344,000 |- |161 |[[Patna]] |Indiya |3,331,000 |- |162 |[[Athens]] |[[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] |3,309,000 |- |163 |Nanning |China |3,249,000 |- |164 |[[Kathmandu]] |[[Nepal]] |3,247,000 |- |165 |[[Medellín|Medellin]] |Colombia |3,242,000 |- |166 |[[Rum|Roma]] |Italiya |3,239,000 |- |167 |Varanasi |Indiya |3,229,000 |- |168 |Gujranwala |Pakistan |3,218,000 |- |169 |[[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]]-[[St. Petersburg, Florida|Petersburg]],_Florida" id="mwBQo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg |Amurka |3,203,000 |- |170 |[[Lusaka]] |[[Zambiya|Zambia]] |3,202,000 |- |171 |Guayaquil |[[Ecuador]] |3,183,000 |- |172 |[[Ouagadougou]] |[[Burkina Faso]] |3,181,000 |- |173 |[[Damascus|Dimashƙu]] |[[Siriya]] |3,155,000 |- |174 |[[San Diego]] |Amurka |3,078,000 |- |175 |Orlando |Amurka |3,075,000 |- |176 |Kozhikode |Indiya |3,049,000 |- |177 |Kogin [[Brisbane]] na Zinariya[[Gold Coast]] |Ostiraliya |3,039,000 |- |178 |[[Rotterdam]]-[[Hague]] |[[Holand|Netherlands]] |3,027,000 |- |179 |[[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]] |[[Isra'ila]] |3,006,000 |- |180 |[[Baku]] |[[Azerbaijan]] |3,002,000 |- |181 |[[Kiev|Kyiv]] |[[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] |3,001,000 |- |182 |[[Dammam|Ad-Dammam]] |Saudi Arabia |2,994,000 |- |183 |Lanzhou |China |2,977,000 |- |184 |Charlotte |Amurka |2,879,000 |- |185 |[[Curitiba]] |Brazil |2,873,000 |- |186 |[[Cleveland]] |Amurka |2,871,000 |- |187 |[[Brazzaville|Birnin Brazzaville]] |[[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]] |2,860,000 |- |188 |[[Aleppo]] |Siriya |2,859,000 |- |189 |Thiruvananthapuram |Indiya |2,851,000 |- |190 |[[Lisbon]] |[[Portugal]] |2,832,000 |- |191 |Minneapolis-St. Bulus |Amurka |2,796,000 |- |192 |[[Campinas|Yankin]] |Brazil |2,789,000 |- |193 |Hyderabad |[[Pakistan]] |2,789,000 |- |194 |Multan |[[Pakistan]] |2,783,000 |- |195 |[[Conakry]] |[[Gini|Guinea]] |2,781,000 |- |196 |[[Quito]] |[[Ecuador]] |2,778,000 |- |197 |Zhangjiaggang |[[Sin|China]] |2,770,000 |- |198 |[[Guatemala (birni)|Birnin Guatemala]] |[[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]] |2,765,000 |- |199 |[[Lubumbashi]] |[[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] |2,750,000 |- |200 |[[Agra]] |[[Indiya]] |2,737,000 |} == Ma'anar == ''d''="mwBeM">A yi l''d''="mwBeU">A'aka''d''="mwBeQ">''R'' da Tsarin Metric na Urban (UMS) wanda zai iya gyara matsalar, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tellier |first=Luc-Normand |last2=Quesnel |first2=Frédéric |last3=Bur |first3=Justin |date=November 2024 |title=Estimating urban sprawl standards by means of the Urban Metric System |url=https://authors.elsevier.com/sd/article/S1757-7802(24)00342-1 |publisher=Regional Science Policy and Planning}}</ref> tunda yana ba da damar lissafin iyakokin yankin birane da maki na tsakiya, kuma ana iya amfani da shi ta wannan hanyar ga duk mutanen da suka gabata, na yanzu da na gaba da rarraba aikin. Ya dogara ne akan lissafin filin vector da aka samu ta hanyar ɗauka cewa, a cikin sararin samaniya, duk mazauna da ayyukan suna yin amfani da karfi ɗaya mai kyau A da ƙarfin ƙyama R. Ƙarfin ƙarfin (A - R) da kowane mazaunin ko aiki ke yi ana ba da shi ta [1/ (1 + d) ] - [1/ (''''β'''' + d/2) ], inda d = nesa kuma β shine kawai siginar. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! !Yankin birni !Tsakanin da ƙarfin jan hankali = ƙarfin ƙin yarda !Darajar ''β'' |- !1 !Birnin tsakiya !Km 10 !6 |- !2 !Taron jama'a !20 km !11 |- !3 !Birni !40 km !21 |- !4 !Birnin Patropolis !80 km !41 |- !5 !Birnin Megalopolis !160 km !81 |- !6 !Tsarin birni !kilomita 320 !161 |- !7 !Tsarin birane !kilomita 640 !321 |- !8 !Tsarin nahiyar !Km 1,280 !641 |- !9 !Tsarin Intercontinental !Km 2,560 !1,281 |- !10 !Tsarin duniya !5,120 km !2,561 |} An yi amfani da UMS ga wasu shari'o'in Kanada tun 2018, amma bayanan da aka gabatar a cikin wannan labarin har yanzu sun dogara ne akan ma'anar ƙasa daban-daban da ke akwai, waɗanda ba su da bambanci.{{Largest Urban Areas of the United Kingdom|class=}}[[Turai|European]] countries  define urbanized areas on the basis of urban-type [[Amfani da Ƙasa|land use]], not allowing any gaps of typically more than {{Convert|200|m|yd}}, and use satellite imagery instead of census blocks to determine the boundaries of the urban area. In less-developed countries , in addition to land use and density requirements, a requirement that a large majority of the population, typically 75%, is not engaged in agriculture and/or fishing is sometimes used.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Asiya === ==== Gabashin Asiya ==== {{Clear}}Tun daga shekara ta 2000, biranen kasar Sin sun fadada a matsakaicin kashi 10% a kowace shekara. An kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen birane na kasar Sin zai karu da mutane miliyan 292 nan da shekarar 2050, lokacin da biranen za su sami jimillar yawan jama'a sama da biliyan daya. <ref name="McKinseyUrbanBillion">{{Cite web |date=February 2009 |title=Preparing for China's urban billion |url=http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/mgi/research/urbanization/preparing_for_urban_billion_in_china |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224074932/http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/mgi/research/urbanization/preparing_for_urban_billion_in_china |archive-date=24 December 2012 |access-date=12 December 2012 |publisher=McKinsey Global Institute}}</ref> Yawan birane na kasar ya karu daga 17.4% zuwa 46.6% tsakanin 1978 da 2009.<ref name="Ref_abcd">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=China urbanization (PDF) |url=http://wbi.worldbank.org/wbi/Data/wbi/wbicms/files/drupal-acquia/wbi/urban_china_urbanization2011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115173104/http://wbi.worldbank.org/wbi/Data/wbi/wbicms/files/drupal-acquia/wbi/urban_china_urbanization2011.pdf |archive-date=15 January 2013 |access-date=12 December 2012 |publisher=World Bank Institute}}</ref> Tsakanin Ma'aikatan ƙaura miliyan 150 zuwa 200 suna aiki na ɗan lokaci a cikin manyan birane, suna komawa gida zuwa ƙauyuka lokaci-lokaci tare da kuɗin da suke samu. <ref name="Tschang2009">{{Cite web |last=Tschang |first=Chi-Chu |date=4 February 2009 |title=A Tough New Year for China's Migrant Workers |url=http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/feb2009/gb2009024_357998.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208012238/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/feb2009/gb2009024_357998.htm |archive-date=February 8, 2009 |access-date=27 March 2009 |website=Business Week}}</ref>&nbsp; Kasar Sin tana da birane da yawa tare da mazauna miliyan ɗaya ko fiye da kowane ƙasa, gami da biranen duniya guda uku na [[Beijing]], Hong Kong, da [[Shanghai]]; nan da 2025, ƙasar za ta kasance gida ga birane 221 tare da mazaana sama da miliyan ɗaya.<ref name="McKinseyUrbanBillion"/> Adadin da ke cikin teburin da ke ƙasa sun fito ne daga ƙididdigar shekara ta 2008, kuma ƙididdigat ne kawai na yawan mutanen birane a cikin iyakokin birni na gudanarwa; akwai matsayi daban-daban yayin la'akari da yawan jama'ar birni (wanda ya haɗa da yawan mutanen da ke kusa da yankunan karkara). Manyan "mutane masu iyo" na ma'aikatan ƙaura suna sa gudanar da ƙididdiga a cikin birane ya zama da wahala; adadi da ke ƙasa sun haɗa da mazauna dogon lokaci kawai.  {{Wide image|10 mile panorama of NYC, Feb., 2018.jpg|1670px|The [[List of tallest buildings in New York City|skyscrapers]] of [[New York City]], the [[List of most populous cities in the United States|most populous city in the United States]] and the [[List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas|most populous U.S. metropolitan area]], are almost all situated in [[Manhattan]], the world's largest [[central business district]], seen here in this panorama in February 2018, as viewed from [[Weehawken, New Jersey]]. {{flatlist| # [[Riverside Church]] # [[Time Warner Center]] # [[220 Central Park South]] # [[Central Park Tower]] # [[One57]] # [[432 Park Avenue]] # [[53W53]] # [[Chrysler Building]] # [[Bank of America Tower (Manhattan)|Bank of America Tower]] # [[Conde Nast Building]] # [[The New York Times Building]] # [[Empire State Building]] # [[Manhattan West]] # {{nowrap|a: [[55 Hudson Yards]],}} {{nowrap|b: [[35 Hudson Yards]],}} {{nowrap|c: [[10 Hudson Yards]],}} {{nowrap|d: [[15 Hudson Yards]]}} # [[56 Leonard Street]] # [[8 Spruce Street]] # [[Woolworth Building]] # [[70 Pine Street]] # [[30 Park Place]] # [[40 Wall Street]] # [[Three World Trade Center]] # [[Four World Trade Center]] # [[One World Trade Center]]}}|}} ===== Japan ===== A [[Japan]], an bayyana yankunan birane a matsayin yankunan da ke kusa da gundumomi masu yawa (DIDs) ta amfani da gundumomin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga a matsayin raka'a tare da buƙatun yawan mazauna 4,000 a kowace murabba'in kilomita (10,000 / sq . [[Seoul]] ita ce mafi girman birni a [[Koriya ta Kudu]].{{Wide image|Sydney Harbour Bridge night.jpg|800px|[[Sydney]] is Australia's largest city, home to 5.3 million inhabitants.<ref name="ABSMRSYD">{{cite web|date=30 March 2021|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2019–20|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330092152/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release|archive-date=30 March 2021|access-date=30 March 2021|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref>}}A [[Bangladesh]], akwai jimlar birane 532, waɗanda aka raba su zuwa kashi uku. Waɗannan su ne [[Bangladesh]]" id="mwBq8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="List of City Corporations of [[Bangladesh]]">Kamfanin Birni, Kamfanin Birni (Pourasova) da Garin Upazila. Daga cikin waɗannan birane, [[Dhaka]] ita ce birni mafi girma ta yawan jama'a da yanki, tare da yawan mutane miliyan 19.10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2014 |title=Bangladesh Population & Housing Census-2011 |url=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/National%20Reports/Union%20Statistics.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208044832/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/National%20Reports/Union%20Statistics.pdf |archive-date=8 December 2015 |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> A Bangladesh, akwai jimlar kamfanoni 11 na birni da kamfanoni 329 na birni tare da Ƙananan garuruwa 203, wanda ke aiki a matsayin cibiyar Upazilas. Dangane da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a na 2011, Bangladesh tana da yawan birane na 28%, tare da ci gaban 2.8%. A wannan ci gaban, an kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen birane na Bangladesh zai kai miliyan 79 ko 42% na yawan jama'a nan da shekara ta 2035.   Ga Ƙididdigar [[Indiya]] ta 2011, ma'anar yankin birni wuri ne da ke da mafi ƙarancin yawan mutane 5,000 na yawan mutane 400 a kowace murabba'in kilomita (1,000 / sq ko mafi girma, da kuma kashi 75% na yawan maza masu aiki da ke aiki a ayyukan da ba na noma ba. Wuraren da kamfanin birni ke gudanarwa, kwamitin cantonment ko kwamitin yankin gari da aka sanar ana ɗaukar su a matsayin yankunan birane ta atomatik.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2012 |title=Provisional Population Totals Urban Agglomerations and Cities, Data Highlights |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2-vol2/data_files/India2/1.%20Data%20Highlight.pdf |publisher=Census of India 2011}}</ref> Ƙididdigar Indiya ta 2011 ta kuma bayyana kalmar "ƙungiyoyin birane" a matsayin yanki na birane wanda ya ƙunshi babban gari tare da "ƙasa" (birane masu kusa). <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2015 |title=Urban Agglomeration |url=http://www.arthapedia.in/index.php?title=Urban_Agglomeration |website=Arthapedia |publisher=India Economic Service |language=en |access-date=10 August 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812165135/http://www.arthapedia.in/index.php?title=Urban_Agglomeration |url-status=dead }}</ref>[[Statistics New Zealand]] defines urban areas in New Zealand, which are independent of any administrative subdivisions and have no legal basis.<ref name=defn>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/surveys_and_methods/methods/classifications-and-standards/classification-related-stats-standards/urban-area/definition.aspx |title=Urban area: Definition |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |access-date=10 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113181922/http://www.stats.govt.nz/surveys_and_methods/methods/classifications-and-standards/classification-related-stats-standards/urban-area/definition.aspx |archive-date=13 November 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> There are four classes of urban area: major urban areas (population 100,000+), large urban areas (population 30,000–99,999), medium urban areas (population 10,000–29,999) and small urban areas (population 1,000–9,999). As of 2021, there are 7 major urban areas, 13 large urban areas, 22 medium urban areas and 136 small urban areas. Urban areas are reclassified after each [[New Zealand census]], so population changes between censuses does not change an urban area's classification. {{Largest cities of New Zealand}} ===== Pakistan ===== {{Wide image|Shanghai_Pudong_Panorama_Jan_2_2014.jpg|1000px|Panoramic view of [[Pudong]]'s skyline from [[the Bund (Shanghai)|the Bund]] in [[Shanghai]]}}A [[Pakistan]], yanki babban birni ne da kuma karamar hukuma idan yana da mazauna sama da 100,000 bisa ga sakamakon ƙidayar jama'a. Birane sun haɗa da [[Pakistan]])" id="mwBuA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cantonments (Pakistan)">Yankunan da ke kusa. Birane a Pakistan ya karu tun lokacin samun 'yancin kai kuma yana da dalilai daban-daban. Yawancin mutanen kudancin Pakistan suna zaune a gefen [[Kogin Indus]]. Karachi ita ce birni mafi yawan jama'a. A arewacin rabin kasar, yawancin jama'a suna zaune a cikin wani yanki da biranen [[Lahore]], Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, [[Islamabad]], Gujranwala, Sialkot, Gujrat, Jhelum, Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Nowshera, Mardan da Peshawar suka kafa. A cikin 1990-2008, mazaunan birni sun kasance kashi 36% na yawan mutanen Pakistan, suna mai da shi al'umma mafi yawan birane a Kudancin Asiya. Bugu da ƙari, kashi 50% na 'yan Pakistan suna zaune a garuruwan mutane 5,000 ko fiye. Karachi ita ce birni mafi yawan jama'a a Pakistan wanda Lahore ta biyo baya bisa ga Ƙididdigar 2017. ==== Kudu maso gabashin Asiya ==== ===== Philippines ===== A cikin 2020, kashi 54 cikin 100 na yawan mutanen Philippines suna zaune a cikin birane. Tare da kimanin mutane miliyan 16.3, Metro Manila ita ce mafi yawan jama'a a cikin Philippines kuma Na 11 a duniya. Koyaya, mafi girman birni shine na 5 mafi girma a duniya tare da yawan mutane 20,654,307 (kimanin 2010). <ref name="WG">{{Cite web |title=World: metropolitan areas |url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=a&va=&srt=pnan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930211424/http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=a&va=&srt=pnan |archive-date=2007-09-30 |access-date=2010-01-22 |publisher=World Gazetteer}}</ref> ===== Singapore =====   A matsayin birni na tsibirin, kusan mutane miliyan 5.6 suna rayuwa kuma suna aiki a tsakanin murabba'in kilomita 700 (270 sq mi).  Tare da tsibirai 64 da tsibirai, tsibirin Singapore ya zama yanki mafi girma a cikin birni.  A cewar Hukumar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya mai kula da yankin Asiya da tekun Pasifik, ƙasar ce ta fi kowacce yawan jama'a a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda kashi 100 na al'ummarta ke zaune a wani yanki na birni.  Hukumar raya birane (URA) ita ce ke da alhakin tsara yadda ake amfani da filaye a birane, wanda ya kebanta amfani da filaye da yawan biranen kasar[2].  An raba ƙasar zuwa yankuna 5 don dalilai na tsare-tsare ta URA, kodayake a matsayin birni na birni an ayyana Singapore a matsayin yanki mai ci gaba da ci gaba.  An kuma raba shi zuwa yankunan tsara birane 55, wanda ke aiki a matsayin iyakokin garuruwan da aka tsara a cikin kasar..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urban Redevelopment Authourity |url=http://www.ura.gov.sg/dgp_reports/angmokio/main.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612192146/http://www.ura.gov.sg/dgp_reports/angmokio/main.html |archive-date=2007-06-12 |access-date=2007-06-02}}</ref> ===== Thailand ===== [[Bangkok]] ita ce mafi girman birni a [[Tailan|Thailand]]. A [[Vietnam]], akwai nau'ikan birane guda shida: * Yankin birane na musamman (2 municipalities): [[Hanoi]] da Ho Chi Minh City. * Yankin birane na nau'in I (birane 18 na lardin da kuma kananan hukumomi 3): Long Xuyên, Pleiku, My Tho, Londres Dầu, Bắc Ninh, [[Bien Hoa|Biên Hòa]], Hai Dương, Thanh Hóa, Hạ Long, Việt Trì, Thái Nguyên, Nam Định, Vũng Tàu, Buôn Ma Thuột, Đà Lạt, Quy Nhơn, [[Nha Trang]], Huế, Vinh, [[Can Tho|Cần Thơ]], [[Da Nang|Đà Nẵng]] Hải [[Haiphong|Hai Phòng]]. * Yankin birane Ka Mau'i na II (birane 21 na lardin da gundumar 1): Chau Đốc, Đồng Hoi, Uông Bí, Bắc Giang, Ninh Bình, Bạc Liéu, Bà Rịa, Thái Bình, Rạch Gita, Cà Mau, Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm, Tuy Hòa, Phan Thiết, Vĩnh Yên, Lào Cai Phú Quốc Cai. * Yankin birane na nau'i na III (birane 31 na lardin da garuruwa 12). * Yankin birane na nau'in IV (birane 35 da garuruwa 35). * Yankin birane na nau'in V (ƙauyuka 586 da yankuna 54). === Turai === ==== Finland ==== [[Greater Taipei]] is the largest urban area in [[Taiwan]]. {{Largest cities in Taiwan|class=info}} [[Fayil:Taajama_kyltti_Vimpelissä.jpg|thumb|Alamar titi a Vimpeli tana nuna farkon birni a Finland]] Kamar yadda yake a wasu ƙasashen Nordic, wani yanki na birni (<span cx-link="" data-linkid="2340" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="./Finnish_language" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Finnish language">Finnish-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">''taajama''</span> a cikin Finnish) a Finland dole ne ya sami gini aƙalla kowane {{Convert|200|m|ft}} kuma aƙalla mutane 200. Don a dauke shi gari ko birni ({{Lang|fi|kaupunki}}) don dalilai na kididdiga, yankuna birni dole ne ya sami akalla mutane 15,000. Wannan bai kamata a rikita shi da sunan birni / gari da kananan hukumomi ke amfani da shi ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Locality – Concepts |url=http://www.stat.fi/meta/kas/taajama_en.html |publisher=Statistics Finland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alueluokkien kuvaukset |url=http://www.ymparisto.fi/fi-FI/Elinymparisto_ja_kaavoitus/Yhdyskuntarakenne/Tietoa_yhdyskuntarakenteesta/Kaupunkimaaseutu_luokitus/Alueluokkien_kuvaukset |publisher=Ymparisto}}</ref>{{Largest urban agglomerations in India|class=}}In [[Faransa|France]], an urban area (''Fr: aire d'attraction d'une ville'') is a zone encompassing an area of built-up growth (called an "urban unit" (''unité urbaine'')<ref name="unité urbaine">{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2016 |title=Urban unit |url=http://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c1501 |access-date=2019-01-18 |website=Definitions, methods and quality |publisher=INSEE |language=en}}</ref> – close in definition to the North American urban area) and its commuter belt (''couronne''). Americans would find the INSEE definition of the urban area<ref name="aire urbaine">{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2016 |title=Urban area |url=http://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c2070 |access-date=2019-01-18 |website=Definitions, methods and quality |publisher=INSEE |language=en}}</ref> to be similar to their metropolitan area. Manyan birane a Faransa, dangane da yawan mutanen birane (2017), sune [[Faris|Paris]] (12,628,266), [[Lyon]] (2,323,221), [[Marseille]] (1,760,653), [[Toulouse]] (1,360,829), [[Bordeaux]] (1,247,977), [[Lille]] (1,191,117), Nice (1,006,201), [[Nantes]] (972,828), [[Strasbourg]] (790,087) da Rennes (733,320). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tableaux de l'économie française, Édition 2020, Villes et communes de France |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4277602?sommaire=4318291 |access-date=11 December 2020 |publisher=INSEE}}</ref>   ==== Jamus ==== [[Jamus]] tana da manyan birane da yawa. Babban birni shine yankin Rhine-Ruhr (miliyan 11 a cik{{As of|2008}}), gami da [[Düsseldorf]] (babban birnin Arewacin Rhine-Westphalia), [[Köln|Cologne]], Bonn, [[Dortmund]], [[Essen]], [[Duisburg]], da Bochum.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2017 |title=Verdichtungsräume nach Fläche, Bevölkerung und Bevölkerungsdichte am 31.12.2017, im November 2018 wegen korrigierter Bevölkerung revidiert |url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Administrativ-Nicht/30-verdichtungsraeume.html |access-date=24 March 2019 |publisher=Statistisches Bundesamt |page=10 |language=de}}</ref>&nbsp;  {{Wide image|Tour Eiffel 360 Panorama.jpg|1420px|Panorama of Paris as seen from the [[Eiffel Tower]] as full 360-degree view (river flowing from north-east to south-west, right to left)}}[[Holand|Netherlands]] ita ce ƙasa Na 30 mafi yawan jama'a'a a duniya, tare da mazauna 404.6 a kowace murabba'in kilomita (1,048/sq - ko mazauna 497 a kowace murab'in kilomita (1.287/sq . Randstad ita ce birni mafi girma a kasar da ke yammacin kasar kuma ta ƙunshi manyan birane huɗu: Amsterdam, [[Rotterdam]], The [[Hague]], da Utrecht. Randstad tana da mazauna miliyan 7 kuma ita ce Na 6 mafi girma a Turai.&nbsp; ==== Norway ==== {{Clear}}[[Norway]] ta bayyana yankunan birane ("tettsteder") kamar sauran ƙasashen Nordic. Ba kamar a Denmark da Sweden ba, nisan tsakanin kowane gini dole ne ya zama ƙasa da 50 m, kodayake an yi banbanci saboda wuraren shakatawa, wuraren masana'antu, koguna, da makamantansu. Ƙungiyoyin gidaje ƙasa da 400 m daga babban jikin birni an haɗa su a cikin birni.<ref name="ssb1">{{Cite web |date=June 20, 2008 |title=Population statistics. Population and land area in urban settlements, 1 January 2008 |url=http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/01/10/beftett_en/ |access-date=2009-04-17 |website=Statistics Norway}}</ref> ==== Poland ==== A Poland, alkaluman yawan jama'a na "birane" kawai suna nufin waɗannan yankuna waɗanda ke da matsayin garuruwa (miasta). Al’ummar “karuyuka” ita ce ta dukkan yankunan da ke wajen iyakokin wadannan garuruwa. Wannan bambance-bambance na iya ba da ra'ayi mai ɓarna a wasu lokuta, tunda wasu ƙananan yankuna waɗanda ke da matsayin ƙauye kawai na iya samun yawan jama'a da yawa fiye da da yawa ƙananan garuruwa[1] tare da mafi girman misali na Poznań, mafi yaɗuwar yankin biranen ƙasar tare da yawan jama'ar gari. 534 dubu da Metropolitan yankin kusa da 1 miliyan mazauna. A gefe guda kuma, yankin birni na Katowice mai yawan manyan birane da matsakaita ya mamaye kilomita 1,468 kuma yana da sama da mutane miliyan 2. Yankunan birni a Poland sune manyan yankuna na birni (misali Katowice metropolitan area, Łódź metropolitan area da Szczecin metropolitan area) kuma suna da tasiri sosai akan yankunan karkara, kamar yadda yake kusa da Lublin, Radom, Kielce, Tarnów da Białystok..&nbsp; [[Fayil:Business_Centre_of_Moscow_2.jpg|thumb|[[Moscow]], babban birni kuma birni mafi girma a [[Rasha]]]]   ==== Spain ==== [[Ispaniya|Spain]] ƙasa ce mai yawan birane. [[Madrid]] ita ce mafi girman birni. Yankin Kudancin da Gabas tare da [[Barcelona]], [[Valencia]] da [[Malaga|Málaga]] sun fi zama birane fiye da Arewa da Yamma.   [[Sweden]]" id="mwCCU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Urban areas in Sweden">Yankunan birane a Sweden (tätorter) yankuna ne da aka ƙayyade ta ƙididdiga, gaba ɗaya masu zaman kansu daga rarrabawar gudanarwa na ƙasar. Akwai irin waɗannan yankuna 1,956 a Sweden, tare da yawan jama'a daga mazauna 200 zuwa 1,372,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortsatt stor ökning av befolkning i tätorter |url=http://www.scb.se/Pages/PressRelease____317009.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112062733/http://www.scb.se/Pages/PressRelease____317009.aspx |archive-date=2012-01-12 |access-date=2011-06-24 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]]}}</ref>{{excerpt|List of metropolitan areas in Brazil|Definitions|paragraphs=1|this=The following paragraph is}}a cikin 2013 Ofishin Ƙididdigar Ƙasa ta Ƙasar Ingila (ONS) ya buga 2011 Gina Wuraren Gina - Hanya da Jagoranci wanda ya bayyana ma'anarsa na Wurin Gina (BUA) a matsayin yanki na ginannen fili na akalla hectare 20 (0.077 sq mi), ya rabu da sauran ƙauyuka da aƙalla mita 6200. Don ƙididdigar ƙidayar 2011 akwai gine-gine 5,493, wanda 501 an raba su zuwa yankunan Built-up Area sub-divisions (BUASD) wanda kuma akwai bayanai. Kowane yanki da aka gina ana ba shi suna algorithmically, ta amfani da bayanan sunan wurin Ordnance Survey<ref name="ons">{{Cite web |last=ONS Geography |date=August 2015 |title=2011 Built-up Areas – Methodology and Guidance |url=https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/documents/ons::built-up-areas-user-guidance-1/explore |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913223231/https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/documents/ons::built-up-areas-user-guidance-1/explore |archive-date=13 September 2024 |access-date=12 April 2024 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> ONS ta samar da sakamakon ƙidayar jama'a daga yankunan birane tun daga 1951, tun daga 1981 bisa ga girman ci gaban birane wanda ba za a iya juyawa ba wanda aka nuna akan taswirar Ordnance Survey. Ma'anar ita ce aƙalla hekta 20 da aƙalla mazauna ƙidayar 1,500. Yankunan da aka raba suna da alaƙa idan ƙasa da 200 m (220 yd) baya. An haɗa su da fasalulluka na sufuri. Burtaniya tana da yankuna biyar na birane tare da yawan jama'a sama da miliyan daya da kuma wasu sittin da tara tare da yawan mutane sama da dubu ɗari. ==== Mexico ==== [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe da yawa inda yawan birane ya kai aƙalla 80%. [[Mexico (birni)|Birnin Mexico]], babban birninta, shine mafi girman birni a kasar. ==== Amurka ==== Don ƙidayar 2000 da 2010, Ofishin ƙidayar jama'a ya bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan birane biyu: yankunan birni da gungun birane.  Kalmar yankin birni tana nufin yanki na birni mai mutane 50,000 ko fiye.  Yankunan birane da ke ƙasa da mutane 50,000 ana kiransu gungu na birni.  An fara keɓance yankunan birane a Amurka a cikin ƙidayar 1950, yayin da aka ƙara gungu na birane a ƙidayar 2000.  An cire banbance tsakanin yankunan birni da gungu na birni don ƙidayar 2020.. <ref name="US 2020 criteria">{{Cite web |last=United States Census Bureau |date=March 24, 2022 |title=Urban Area Criteria for the 2020 Census-Final Criteria |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/03/24/2022-06180/urban-area-criteria-for-the-2020-census-final-criteria |website=Federal Register}}</ref> Yankunan birane sun kunshi manyan birane, tare da yankunan da ke kewaye da su waɗanda suka cika wasu ka'idojin yawa. Tunda yankunan birane sun hada da tubalan ƙidaya ba birane ba, ƙauyuka, ko kwatankwacin ƙauyuka ba, iyakokin yankunan birni na iya kunshe da yankuna na waɗannan rukunin siyasa. Yankunan birane sun bambanta da [[Countryside|yankunan karkara]]: duk wani yanki da ba wani ɓangare na yankin birni ba ana ɗaukarsa karkara ne ta Ofishin Ƙididdigar Jama'a.<ref name="US 2020 criteria"/> Babban birni a Amurka shine na [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] da kewayenta. Birnin New York-Jersey City-Newark, NY-NJ birni yana da yawan mutane 19,426,449 tun daga shekarar 2020, yayin da babban birni yana le yawan mutane 20,140,470, kuma jimillar yankin yana da yawan jama'a 23,582,649. Yankunan birane guda biyar mafi girma a Amurka sune [[Los Angeles]], [[Chicago]], [[Miami]], [[Houston]], da [[Dallas]].<ref name="US 2020 list">{{Cite web |title=List of 2020 Census Urban Areas |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html |access-date=December 30, 2022 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> Kashi 80.0 na yawan jama'ar Amurka suna zaune a cikin iyakokin birni kamar yadda kididdigar 2020 ta kasance.<ref name="2020 press release">{{Cite web |date=December 29, 2022 |title=Nation's Urban and Rural Populations Shift Following 2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2022/urban-rural-populations.html |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Ana amfani da manufar yankunan Birane kamar yadda hukumar kidayar jama'a ta Amurka ta ayyana a matsayin ma'auni mafi inganci na girman birni, tun da a garuruwa daban-daban da kuma fadin layukan da ke tsakanin iyakokin birni da yankin birni na wancan birni galibi ba iri daya bane. Alal misali, birnin Greenville, South Carolina yana da yawan jama'a fiye da 68,000 da yawan jama'a na birni na kusan 400,000, yayin da Greensboro, North Carolina yana da yawan jama'a fiye da 285,000 da kuma yanki na birni na kusan 300,000 - ma'ana cewa Greenville shine ainihin "ya fi girma" don wasu dalilai, amma ba na gida ba, zabe, da dai sauransu. A cikin kididdigar albarkatun albarkatun kasa na Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka, an san yankunan birane a hukumance da yankunan da suka ci gaba ko yankunan birni da ginannun wurare. Irin wadannan yankuna sun hada da birane, kauyukan kabilanci, da sauran gine-ginen da aka gina sama da hekta 10 (4), wuraren masana'antu, filin jirgin kasa, makabarta, filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama, wuraren wasan golf, wuraren harbi, wuraren gudanar da hukumomi da na gwamnati, da makamantansu. Kididdigar albarkatun kasa ta 1997 ta sanya sama da ac 98,000,000 (40,000,000 ha) a cikin wannan rukunin, karuwar 25,000,000 ac (10,000,000 ha) tun daga 1982.00 ha). The Australian Bureau of Statistics refers to urban areas as Urban Centres, which it generally defines as population clusters of 1,000 or more people.<ref name="AUS">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2011 |title=Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2901.0Chapter23102011 |access-date=21 October 2021}}</ref> Australia is one of the most urbanised countries in the world, with more than 50% of the population residing in Australia's three biggest urban centres.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2021}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup><ref name="AUS" /> === Kudancin Amurka === ==== Argentina ==== Argentina tana da birane sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Field listing – Urbanization |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2212.html?countryName=Argentina&countryCode=ar&regionCode=sa&#ar |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725144030/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2212.html?countryName=Argentina&countryCode=AR&regionCode=sa&#ar |archive-date=July 25, 2009 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA}}</ref> Yankunan birane goma mafi girma suna da rabin yawan jama'a, kuma kasa da ɗaya cikin goma suna zaune a yankunan karkara. Kimanin mutane miliyan 3 suna zaune a Birnin Buenos Aires kuma Babban Birnin Buenos Air ya kai kusan miliyan 15, yana mai da shi ɗayan manyan birane a duniya, tare da yawan mutane miliyan 18 duka.<ref name="majorcities">{{Cite web |title=Major Cities |url=http://www.argentina.gov.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=1484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919212817/http://www.argentina.gov.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=1484 |archive-date=19 September 2009 |publisher=Government of Argentina}}</ref> Córdoba tana da kusan mutane miliyan 1.5 da ke zaune a cikin birane, yayin da Rosario, [[Mendoza]] da Tucumán suna da kusan mazauna miliyan 1.2 kowannensu <ref name="majorcities"/> kuma La Plata, Mar del Plata, [[Salta]] da Santa Fe <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ubicación de la ciudad de salta |url=http://turismo.municipalidad-salta.gov.ar:8081/ubicacion.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117032939/http://turismo.municipalidad-salta.gov.ar:8081/ubicacion.aspx |archive-date=2010-01-17 |publisher=Directorate-General of Tourism, Municipality of the City of Salta |language=es}}</ref> suna da akalla mutane 500,000 kowannensu. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == c755390ya3668bsvdk63rzjrep30mm7 0 112663 823832 695861 2026-04-21T20:16:47Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:ASTM_Smoke_Spot_Pump.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Diagram na ASTM Smoke Spot Pump, daga takardar ƙayyadaddun asali.]] '''ASTM Smoke Pump''', ko 'spot pump', kayan aiki ne don kimanta yawan duhu na [[Hayaƙi|hayaki]]. Ana kuma amfani dashi sosai (2014) ta hanyar injiniyoyin dumama don tantance hayaki, galibi daga kayan aikin kone mai kamar murhun itace ko bututun mai. Ya ƙunshi silinda mai girman gaske wanda aka ja piston mai dacewa, yana shan samfurin hayaki ta hanyar karamin bututun akan takardar tacewa (daidai da takardar Whatman No2) don a kafa 'spot' a kan takarda, wanda za'a iya kwatanta duhu da daidaitattun ginshiƙi don nuna maida hankali ga hayaki. Matakan da aka yi ta amfani da ASTM Smoke Pump sun zama wani ɓangare na bukatun doka a Amurka da Jamus. Ba kamar sauran hanyoyin auna hayaki ba, ASTM Pump yana ba da rikodin dindindin da samfurin hayaki. Saboda amfani da shi yana ɗaukar 'yan sakan kaɗan, yana iya samar da jerin samfuran hayaki a tsawon lokaci, yana ba da damar yin amfani da bututun ruwa da sauransu don a kimanta su a kan cikakken zagaye na konewa da bayanan hoto don tattara su. Saboda tsarin ya dogara da ''kwatankwacin'' maimakon kimantawa na yawan launi, kuma saboda ana iya ɗaukar samfurori da yawa, ana ɗaukarsa abin dogaro sosai. ASTM Standard ya ba da rahoton cewa, "Bambanci tsakanin sakamakon gwajin da aka samu ta wannan mai aiki tare da wannan na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun akan kayan gwaji iri ɗaya zai, a cikin dogon lokaci, a cikin aiki na al'ada da daidai na hanyar gwajin, ya wuce rabin lambar hayaki don kawai ɗaya cikin ashirin. " == Ka'ida == Kungiyar Amurka don Gwaje-gwaje da Kayan aiki (ASTM) ta bayyana na'urar a cikin Standard D2156 "Standard Test Method for Smoke Density in Flue Gases", wanda aka fara bugawa a shekarar 1965, an sake duba shi sau da yawa, kwanan nan a shekarar 2018. == Daidaitawa == Kayan aikin yana ba da ma'aikacin wuri mai duhu a kan takardar takarda wanda aka kwatanta shi da daidaitattun ginshiƙi, wanda aka ƙidaya 0 zuwa 10, 0 gaba ɗaya fari ne kuma 10 gaba ɗaya baƙar fata. Za'a iya danganta duhu da yiwuwar maida hankali ga ƙwayoyin hayaƙi masu duhu a cikin [[Flue gas|iskar gas]] ta hanyar tsari mai mahimmanci wanda ba na layi ba <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Heal |first=Mathew R. |last2=Quincey |first2=Paul |date=2012 |title=The relationship between black carbon concentration and black smoke |url=http://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/files/5792935/HealQuincey_2012_AtmEnv54_BCBlackSmoke_post_print.pdf |journal=Atmospheric Environment |volume=54 |pages=538–544 |doi=10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.067 |access-date=21 November 2014 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> bisa ga Takardar OECD 'Hanyar Aunawa da Ruwan Ruwa'. {{Center|<math>Sd = (154 \times(Ob^{2.8}))+3.6</math>}}Inda: '''Sd''' = Gaskiyar hayaki a kan takarda, a cikin micrograms (mcg) a kowace murabba'in cm. '''Ob''' = Ruwan takarda da aka lura, a matsayin rabo (watau 0 = fari, 0.5 = 50% baki, 1.0 = baki == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dr0n7j0a8rncn40gczg4sft9695dbff 823833 823832 2026-04-21T20:17:18Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:ASTM_Smoke_Spot_Pump.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Diagram na ASTM Smoke Spot Pump, daga takardar ƙayyadaddun asali.]] '''ASTM Smoke Pump''', ko 'spot pump', kayan aiki ne don kimanta yawan duhu na [[Hayaƙi|hayaki]]. Ana kuma amfani dashi sosai (2014) ta hanyar injiniyoyin dumama don tantance hayaki, galibi daga kayan aikin kone mai kamar murhun itace ko bututun mai. Ya ƙunshi silinda mai girman gaske wanda aka ja piston mai dacewa, yana shan samfurin hayaki ta hanyar karamin bututun akan takardar tacewa (daidai da takardar Whatman No2) don a kafa 'spot' a kan takarda, wanda za'a iya kwatanta duhu da daidaitattun ginshiƙi don nuna maida hankali ga hayaki. Matakan da aka yi ta amfani da ASTM Smoke Pump sun zama wani ɓangare na bukatun doka a Amurka da Jamus. Ba kamar sauran hanyoyin auna hayaki ba, ASTM Pump yana ba da rikodin dindindin da samfurin hayaki. Saboda amfani da shi yana ɗaukar 'yan sakan kaɗan, yana iya samar da jerin samfuran hayaki a tsawon lokaci, yana ba da damar yin amfani da bututun ruwa da sauransu don a kimanta su a kan cikakken zagaye na konewa da bayanan hoto don tattara su. Saboda tsarin ya dogara da ''kwatankwacin'' maimakon kimantawa na yawan launi, kuma saboda ana iya ɗaukar samfurori da yawa, ana ɗaukarsa abin dogaro sosai. ASTM Standard ya ba da rahoton cewa, "Bambanci tsakanin sakamakon gwajin da aka samu ta wannan mai aiki tare da wannan na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun akan kayan gwaji iri ɗaya zai, a cikin dogon lokaci, a cikin aiki na al'ada da daidai na hanyar gwajin, ya wuce rabin lambar hayaki don kawai ɗaya cikin ashirin. " == Ka'ida == Kungiyar Amurka don Gwaje-gwaje da Kayan aiki (ASTM) ta bayyana na'urar a cikin Standard D2156 "Standard Test Method for Smoke Density in Flue Gases", wanda aka fara bugawa a shekarar 1965, an kuma sake duba shi sau da yawa, kwanan nan a shekarar 2018. == Daidaitawa == Kayan aikin yana ba da ma'aikacin wuri mai duhu a kan takardar takarda wanda aka kwatanta shi da daidaitattun ginshiƙi, wanda aka ƙidaya 0 zuwa 10, 0 gaba ɗaya fari ne kuma 10 gaba ɗaya baƙar fata. Za'a iya danganta duhu da yiwuwar maida hankali ga ƙwayoyin hayaƙi masu duhu a cikin [[Flue gas|iskar gas]] ta hanyar tsari mai mahimmanci wanda ba na layi ba <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Heal |first=Mathew R. |last2=Quincey |first2=Paul |date=2012 |title=The relationship between black carbon concentration and black smoke |url=http://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/files/5792935/HealQuincey_2012_AtmEnv54_BCBlackSmoke_post_print.pdf |journal=Atmospheric Environment |volume=54 |pages=538–544 |doi=10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.067 |access-date=21 November 2014 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> bisa ga Takardar OECD 'Hanyar Aunawa da Ruwan Ruwa'. {{Center|<math>Sd = (154 \times(Ob^{2.8}))+3.6</math>}}Inda: '''Sd''' = Gaskiyar hayaki a kan takarda, a cikin micrograms (mcg) a kowace murabba'in cm. '''Ob''' = Ruwan takarda da aka lura, a matsayin rabo (watau 0 = fari, 0.5 = 50% baki, 1.0 = baki == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l7hhigbdsu5l7n2ooh9j0ftlnv0zn5h 0 113071 823834 700155 2026-04-21T20:17:54Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Kara_seaYP.PNG|right|thumb|250x250px|Taswirar da ke nuna wurin Yamal Peninsula]] [[Fayil:GydaTajmyrJamal.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px|Ra'ayi na tauraron dan adam na Yamal Peninsula]] '''Yamal Peninsula''' ( Russian ) yana cikin yankin Yamalo-Nenets Okrug mai cin gashin kansa na arewa maso yammacin [[Siberia|Siberiya]], [[Rasha]] . Yana ƙara kusan 700&nbsp;km (435&nbsp;mi) kuma tana iyaka da Tekun Kara da Baydaratskaya Bay daga yamma, da kuma [[Gulf of Ob|Tekun Ob]] a gabas. A ƙarshen arewacin wannan tsibirin yana kwance mashigin Malygina kuma, bayansa, [[Bely Island|tsibirin Bely]] . A ko'ina Ob estuary ya ta'allaka ne da Gyda Peninsula . A cikin [[Nenets languages|harsunan]] 'yan asalin yankin Yamal, [[Nenets people|Nenets]], ''Yamal'' yana nufin "Ƙarshen Ƙasa". == Binciken yanayi == === Dabbobin daji na dā === A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2007 makiyayi Yuri Khudi ya sami ragowar da aka kiyaye da kyau na ɗan maraƙin mammoth mai shekaru 37,000, wanda ake kira "Lyuba", a kan tsibirin. An kuma ƙaddara jaririn mace ya kasance wata ɗaya a lokacin mutuwarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2007 |title=Russia: Mammoth's Corpse Found |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/11/world/europe/11briefs-mammoth.html |access-date=23 December 2017 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> === Dendrochronology === Yankin Yamal yana da mahimmanci ga nazarin tarihin yanayi. Dendrochronology wata hanya ce da aka yi amfani da ita don ganin yadda yanayi ya canza. Binciken Dendrochronological: * '''Takarda''': Ci gaba da jerin lokuta masu yawa a Yamal, arewa maso yammacin Siberia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A continuous multimillennial ring-width chronology in Yamal, northwestern Siberia |url=https://www.climateaudit.info/pdf/tree/hantemirov.2002.holocene.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802184636/http://www.climateaudit.info/pdf/tree/hantemirov.2002.holocene.pdf |archive-date=2016-08-02}}</ref> * '''Takarda''': Shekarar Yamal Tree-ring Chronology a matsayin kayan aiki don sake gina halittu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=(PDF) An 8768-year Yamal Tree-ring Chronology as a Tool for Paleoecological Reconstructions |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355014991_An_8768-year_Yamal_Tree-ring_Chronology_as_a_Tool_for_Paleoecological_Reconstructions |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227052252/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355014991_An_8768-year_Yamal_Tree-ring_Chronology_as_a_Tool_for_Paleoecological_Reconstructions |archive-date=2023-12-27 |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Reindeer_herders_Yamal_1975.jpg|thumb|Makiyaya a yankin Yamal a cikin 1975]] Yankin ya kunshi mafi yawa daga ƙasa mai ƙanƙara kuma akwai tabkuna da yawa na asalin thermokarst, mafi girma daga cikinsu Neito da [[Yambuto]] ne a tsakiyar.<ref name="STM">{{Cite web |title=R-41_42 Topographic Chart (in Russian) |url=https://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm1000/r-41_42.jpg |access-date=6 June 2022}}</ref> An gano filayen hydrocarbon da yawa a yankin Yamal, gami da manyan filayen gas. Babban albarkatun hydrocarbon suna mai da hankali ne a cikin hadaddun Aptian-Cenomanian.<ref name="surikova">{{Cite journal |last=Surikova |first=E S |last2=Solmin |first2=A E |last3=Guseva |first3=S M |date=30 October 2018 |title=Regional model of the geological structure of the Yamal and Gydan oil-and-gas areas |journal=IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science |volume=193 |issue=1 |pages=012067 |bibcode=2018E&ES..193a2067S |doi=10.1088/1755-1315/193/1/012067 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == === Kiwon dabbobi === A cewar masanin ilimin ɗan adam Sven Haakanson, yankin Yamal shine wurin da ke cikin Tarayyar Rasha inda aka fi kiyaye manyan kiwo na gargajiya na [[Bararoji|gargajiya]] . Nenets da Khanty reindeer makiyaya suna riƙe da kusan rabin miliyan na gida. === Masana'antu === [[Fayil:Tor_icebreaker_(2225296).jpg|thumb|Jirgin ruwa na tashar jiragen ruwa na Rasha ''Tor'' a tashar jiragen kasa mai cike da kankara ta Sabetta]] Yankin ba shi da haɓaka sosai, amma ana ci gaba da aiki tare da manyan ayyukan more rayuwa da yawa, gami da bututun iskar gas da gadoji da yawa. <ref name="guardian" /> Yamal yana da mafi girman iskar gas a Rasha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yamal megaproject |url=http://www.gazprom.com/about/production/projects/mega-yamal/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329122638/http://www.gazprom.com/about/production/projects/mega-yamal/ |archive-date=29 March 2016 |access-date=2016-04-12 |website=Gazprom.com}}</ref> shafi na 572&nbsp;km Obskaya–Bovanenkovo layin dogo, wanda aka kammala a shekarar 2011, shine titin dogo mafi arewa a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Obskaya–Bovanenkovo Railroad |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/obskaya-bovanenkovo/ |access-date=2016-04-12 |website=Railway Technology}}</ref> Gazprom mai mallakar iskar gas na Rasha ya yi niyyar haɓaka filin iskar gas na Yurkharovskoye nan da 2011-2012. An kiyasta ma'adinan iskar gas na yankin ya kai murabba'in cubic triliyan 55 (tcm). <ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |last=Harding |first=Luke |date=20 October 2009 |title=Yamal peninsula: The world's biggest gas reserves |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/oct/20/yamal-gas-reserves |access-date=23 December 2017 |website=Theguardian.com}}</ref> Babban aikin makamashi na Rasha a tarihi, wanda aka sani da aikin Yamal, yana sanya makomar kiwo na makiyaya cikin haɗari mai yawa. == Craters na Yamal == A cikin shekara ta 2014, Yamal shine wurin gano wani rami na musamman, wanda ake kira {{Interlanguage link|Yamal crater|ru|Ямальский кратер}} , wanda da sauri ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gates |first=Sara |date=16 July 2014 |title=Giant hole forms in Siberia, and nobody can explain why |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/16/giant-hole-siberia-crater-end-of-world_n_5591780.html |access-date=28 December 2014 |website=HuffPost}}</ref> Ramin ya bayyana a matsayin sakamakon babban fashewa kuma an ba da shawarar ra'ayoyi da yawa don bayyana yadda aka kafa rami, gami da fashewar meteorite ko UFO, ko rushewar wani gas na karkashin kasa.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=74–78}}</ref> Wani mai magana da yawun reshen Yamal na Ma'aikatar Gaggawa ya ce, "Za mu iya cewa ba meteorite ba ne".<ref name="Huge Crater Mysteriously Appears in Siberia">{{Cite web |last=Winter |first=Lisa |date=16 July 2014 |title=Huge Crater Mysteriously Appears in Siberia |url=http://www.iflscience.com/environment/huge-crater-mysteriously-appears-siberia |access-date=5 August 2014 |publisher=IFL Science}}</ref> An nuna cryovolcanism a matsayin mafi kusantar dalilin a cikin binciken da aka yi kwanan nan.<ref name="nature">{{Cite journal |last=Buldovicz |first=Sergey N. |last2=Khilimonyuk |first2=Vanda Z. |last3=Bychkov |first3=Andrey Y. |last4=Ospennikov |first4=Evgeny N. |last5=Vorobyev |first5=Sergey A. |last6=Gunar |first6=Aleksey Y. |last7=Gorshkov |first7=Evgeny I. |last8=Chuvilin |first8=Evgeny M. |last9=Cherbunina |first9=Maria Y. |last10=Kotov |first10=Pavel I. |last11=Lubnina |first11=Natalia V. |last12=Motenko |first12=Rimma G. |last13=Amanzhurov |first13=Ruslan M. |date=10 September 2018 |title=Cryovolcanism on the Earth: Origin of a Spectacular Crater in the Yamal Peninsula (Russia) |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=13534 |bibcode=2018NatSR...813534B |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-31858-9 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6131154 |pmid=30202065 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani babban mai bincike daga Cibiyar Binciken Kimiyya ta Arctic, Andrei Plekhanov, ya yi imanin cewa rami mai mita 60 (66 yadudduka) a cikin maganganun da ya yi wa Associated Press, mai yiwuwa ne sakamakon "gina matsin lamba" a karkashin kasa saboda yanayin zafi na yankin a wannan ɓangaren Siberia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=News |url=http://news.msn.com/offbeat/66-yard-crater-appears-in-far-northern-Siberia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811040408/http://news.msn.com/offbeat/66-yard-crater-appears-in-far-northern-siberia |archive-date=11 August 2014 |access-date=23 December 2017 |website=news.msn.com}}</ref> Gwaje-gwaje da tawagar Plekhanov ta gudanar sun nuna yawan methane a kusa da kasan ramin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moskvitch |first=Katia |year=2014 |title=Mysterious Siberian crater attributed to methane |url=http://www.nature.com/news/mysterious-siberian-crater-attributed-to-methane-1.15649 |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/nature.2014.15649 |s2cid=131534214 |access-date=23 December 2017 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Scientists May Have Solved The Siberian Crater Mystery">{{Cite web |last=Luntz |first=Stephen |date=2 August 2014 |title=Scientists May Have Solved The Siberian Crater Mystery |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/scientists-siberian-crater-mystery-2014-8?nr_email_referer=1 |access-date=5 August 2014 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> Rashin daidaituwa na gas hydrates dauke da adadi mai yawa na methane gas an yi imanin cewa ya haifar da craters a kan Yamal Peninsula. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2015, tsibirin Yamal yana da akalla irin wannan craters guda biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winter |first=Lisa |date=26 February 2015 |title=There are more bizarre craters opening up in Siberia, and scientists still don't know what's causing them |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/more-bizarre-craters-opening-up-in-siberia-2015-2?IR=T |access-date=27 July 2016 |website=businessinsider.com |quote=We know now of seven craters in the Arctic area. Five are directly on the Yamal peninsula, one in Yamal Autonomous district, and one is on the north of the Krasnoyarsk region, near the Taimyr peninsula,...}}</ref> Wani rami ya bayyana a watan Agusta 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liesowska |first=Anna |date=29 August 2020 |title=Giant new 50-metre deep crater opens up in Arctic tundra |url=https://siberiantimes.com/other/others/news/giant-new-50-metre-deep-crater-opens-up-in-arctic-tundra/ |access-date=30 December 2023 |website=siberiantimes.com |archive-date=7 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107144801/http://siberiantimes.com/other/others/news/giant-new-50-metre-deep-crater-opens-up-in-arctic-tundra/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] syc6clzcsakmtbq1cd32wibmipmavq2 0 113193 824107 813799 2026-04-22T09:41:03Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Jakob_Blasel-republica19.jpg|thumb|Blasel a cikin re:publica 2019]] '''Jakob Blasel''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 2000) ɗan gwagwarmayar yanayi ne na Jamus kuma ɗan siyasa na Alliance 90 / The Greens . == Rayuwa == Jakob Blasel ya girma a Kronshagen kusa da Kiel . Yana da ƴan uwansa maza biyu kuma an haife shi Katolika.[1] Ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Kronshagen, inda ya kasance mataimakin wakilin dalibai a shekarar makaranta ta 2017/18, kuma ya kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare inda a shekarar 2019.[2] Ya kuma kasance yana karatun shari'a tun daga shekarar hunturu ta 2020/21 == Jumma'a don Nan gaba == Jakob Blasel ya kasance daya daga cikin ƙungiyar shirya sashen Jamusanci na Jumma'a don Makomar (FFF) daga 10 ga Disamban shekarar 2018. A cewar Greenpeace, a yajin aikin yanayi na farko na FFF a ranar 14 ga Disamban shekarar 2018, Blasel da abokan aikinsa sun sami nasarar tattara mahalarta 500 a Kiel - 200 fiye da a Berlin. An zaɓi Blasel a matsayin wakilin kungiyar ta gida a Kiel kuma yana wakiltar matsayinsu a musayar kasa da kasa na motsi. A cikin 2019 Jakob Blasel ya shiga cikin taron bazara na FFF a Dortmund . <ref name="Deutschlandfunk Kultur 2019">{{Cite web |last=Küpper |first=Moritz |date=31 July 2019 |title="Fridays for Future": Auch in den Sommerferien engagiert |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/fridays-for-future-auch-in-den-sommerferien-engagiert-100.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=[[Deutschlandfunk Kultur]]}}</ref> Blasel ya bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen tattaunawa kamar NDR Talk Show (2019) da Maischberger . ya mutu (2020) <ref>{{YouTube|title=Klimaaktivist Jakob Blasel und Unternehmerin Sarna Röser bei maischberger. die woche 16.09.2020}}</ref> kuma ya ba da tambayoyin kafofin watsa labarai, misali B. tare da Bento (2019), Deutschlandfunk Kultur (2019) <ref name="Deutschlandfunk Kultur 2019">{{Cite web |last=Küpper |first=Moritz |date=31 July 2019 |title="Fridays for Future": Auch in den Sommerferien engagiert |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/fridays-for-future-auch-in-den-sommerferien-engagiert-100.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=[[Deutschlandfunk Kultur]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKüpper2019">Küpper, Moritz (2019-07-31). </cite></ref> da Süddeutsche Zeitung (2019). Ya kuma bayyana a cikin rahotanni biyu game da shirin funk na Jamus ''Y-Kollektiv'' a cikin 2019 da 2021.<ref> {{YouTube|title=Fridays For Future – Schülerinnen streiken, um die Welt zu retten}}, Y-Kollektiv, 31 January 2019 (about Jakob Blasel in Kiel and Ragna Diederichs in Göttingen)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Vom Klimaaktivisten zum Politiker? Jakob Blasel will mitregieren'' |url=https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/y-kollektiv/vom-klimaaktivisten-zum-politiker-jakob-blasel-will-mitregieren-oder-y-kollekti/funk/Y3JpZDovL2Z1bmsubmV0LzEwNTkvdmlkZW8vMTc3NDYzNQ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Y-Kollektiv |publisher=ARD Mediathek}}</ref> A taron jam'iyyar Green Party a Schleswig-Holstein, wanda ya faru a ranar 23 da 24 ga Maris 2019, ya ba da jawabi a matsayin wakilin Jumma'a don Makomar. A bikin Golden Camera a ranar 30 ga Maris 2019 a Berlin, ya bi [[Greta Thunberg]] lokacin da ta karbi kyautar ta musamman don kare yanayi. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare a shekarar 2019, Blasel ya yi aiki na cikakken lokaci don Jumma'a don Makomar shekara guda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai magana har zuwa Yuli 2020. <ref name="abi">{{Cite web |date=3 April 2020 |title=Jakob Blasel: "Hass und Hetze bedrohen unsere Demokratie" |url=https://abi.de/orientieren/promi_interviews/jakob-blasel017271.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020150114/https://abi.de/orientieren/promi_interviews/jakob-blasel017271.htm |archive-date=20 October 2020 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=abi.de |language=de}}</ref> === Alkawari ban da FFF === A shekarar 2017, Blasel ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta Greenpeace. Blasel na ɗaya daga cikin masu gabatar da taron shekara-shekara na 19 na Majalisar don Ci Gaban Ci gaba, wanda ya faru a ranar 4 ga Yunin shekarar 2019 a Cibiyar Majalisa ta Berlin. Daga 2019 zuwa gaba Jakob Blasel, Pia Kraftfutter da Fabian Grischkat sun daidaita tsarin Instagram "OZON" wanda Divimove ya samar, wanda ke hulɗa da dorewa da kariya ta muhalli kuma yana daga cikin kafofin watsa labarai na kan layi na ARD da ZDF, <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2019 |title=OZON – funk |url=https://presse.funk.net/format/ozon/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408124053/https://presse.funk.net/format/ozon/ |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=2019-04-08 |quote=Mit der Bloggerin Pia Kraftfutter, YouTuber Fabian Grischkat und Umweltschützer Jakob Blasel wird „OZON“ von drei Hosts präsentiert, die sich auch privat durch ihr Engagement auszeichnen.}}</ref> duk da haka, daga baya YouTuber Violetta Verissimo ya maye gurbinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Niemeier |first=Timo |date=8 April 2019 |title=Auf Instagram: "Ozon": Funk-Format gibt Tipps für den Umweltschutz |url=https://www.dwdl.de/nachrichten/71808/ozon_funkformat_gibt_tipps_fuer_den_umweltschutz/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=DWDL.de |language=de |quote=Mit der Bloggerin Pia Kraftfutter, Youtuber Fabian Grischkat und Umweltschützer Jakob Blasel hat das Format drei Hosts, die sich auch privat für die Umwelt einsetzen.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2019 |title=OZON – funk |url=https://presse.funk.net/format/ozon/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |language=de |quote=Mit der Bloggerin Pia Kraftfutter, YouTuber Fabian Grischkat und YouTuberin Violetta Verissimo wird OZON von drei Hosts präsentiert, die sich auch privat durch ihr Engagement auszeichnen.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2020 |title=VIOLETTA VON "I AM SO VIO!" ALS HOST BEIM FUNK-FORMAT OZON |url=https://presse.funk.net/pressemeldung/violetta-von-i-am-so-vio-als-host-beim-funk-format-ozon/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=presse.funk.net |language=de}}</ref> A cikin ₂, Blasel ya bukaci a cikin watsa shirye-shiryen OZON, wanda ya daidaita a lokacin, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hackenbruch |first=Felix |date=2024-10-22 |title=Angebliches Haustierverbot der Grünen: Die CSU lügt! |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/angebliches-haustierverbot-der-grunen-die-csu-lugt-12577853.html |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=[[Die Zeit]] |language=de}}</ref> cewa ya kamata a "hana kiwon dabbobi ba dole ba". Ya yi iƙirarin cewa dabbobi sun kasance "abun alatu sosai game da tasirin muhalli da CO2". Babu wata alama a cikin shirin cewa shi mai fafutukar FFF ne. Bayan an zabe shi mai magana da yawun tarayya na Greens a 2024, an soki kiransa na haramtacciyar doka. Kamfanin watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a da Greens sun musanta cewa Blasel ya taɓa buƙatar a haramta kiwon dabbobi, kuma labarin OZON ya ɓace daga kundin yanar gizo na ZDF ba tare da sanarwa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-23 |title=Erst als RTL.de nachfragt, machen ARD und ZDF bei umstrittener Haustier-Sendung einen radikalen Schnitt |url=https://www.rtl.de/news/ard-und-zdf-loeschen-umstrittene-luxus-haustiere-sendung-von-gruenen-funktionaer-jakob-blasel-id1896561.html |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=rtl.de |language=de}}</ref> A tsakiyar Yuni 2022, Blasel ya kasance mai aiki a matsayin FahrRad! Jakadan Verkehrsclub Deutschland (VCD) a wata babbar makaranta a Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2022 |title=VCD Jugendkampagne "FahrRad! Fürs Klima auf Rad": FahrRad!-Botschafter Jakob Blasel im Interview mit Berliner Schülerinnen |url=https://www.vcd.org/service/presse/pressemitteilungen/fahrrad-botschafter-jakob-blasel-im-interview-mit-berliner-schuelerinnen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312161739/https://www.vcd.org/service/presse/pressemitteilungen/fahrrad-botschafter-jakob-blasel-im-interview-mit-berliner-schuelerinnen |archive-date=2023-03-12 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=vcd.org}}</ref> === Ayyukan siyasa === Blasel ya girma a Kronshagen kuma ya shiga Green Party a shekarar 2017. Blasel ya shirya zanga-zangar farko a Kiel a cikin fall of 2018; game da adana Dajin Hambach a Arewacin Rhine-Westphalia, wanda za a share shi don hakar ma'adinai. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya zama wanda ya fara yajin aikin makaranta na farko don yanayi a Arewacin Jamus. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019, ya yi jawabi ga taron ESA ta Living Planet a [[Milano|Milan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate activist Jakob Blasel |url=https://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2019/05/Climate_activist_Jakob_Blasel |access-date=24 September 2019 |website=European Space Agency |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2020, Blasel ya kammala aikin horarwa a ofishin majalisar Lisa Badum . Kafin Zaben kasa na 2021, Green Party ta zabi shi a matsayin dan takara na Gundumar Rendsburg-Eckernförde a Schleswig-Holstein . Ya lashe kashi 14.8% na kuri'un da aka fi so na farko, ya zo na uku a bayan Sönke Rix, dan takarar SPD, da Johann Wadephul, dan takara na CDU.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bundestagswahl 2021 in Schleswig-Holstein: 4 - Rendsburg-Eckernförde |url=https://www.bundestagswahl-sh.de/land__wahlkreise_wahlkreis_4.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009093623/https://www.bundestagswahl-sh.de/land__wahlkreise_wahlkreis_4.html |archive-date=2021-10-09 |access-date=11 April 2022 |website=Statistisches Amt Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg |language=de}}</ref> Bayan kwamitin tarayya na Young Greens a Jamus ya sanar da murabus din hadin gwiwa a 2024, Blasel ya sanar da cewa zai yi takara a matsayin mai magana da yawun tarayya na reshen matasa na jam'iyyar. An zabe shi zuwa mukamin a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024 tare da kashi 74,6%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-20 |title=Grüne Jugend: Jette Nietzard und Jakob Blasel zu neuen Sprechern gewählt |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/gruene-jugend-jette-nietzard-und-jakob-blasel-zu-neuen-sprechern-gewaehlt-110057591.html |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=FAZ.NET |language=de}}</ref> Bayan kawancen CDU / CSU mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin Bundestag ya tura ta hanyar yunkurin iyakance ƙaura tare da ƙuri'u daga Alternative for Germany mai nisa a cikin shekara ta 2025, Blasel ya yi kira ga kin amincewa da hadin gwiwa tare da CDU / CSU a cikin majalisa na gaba ta hanyar Green Party. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o77nk528oaa1b2cnotuwyfrc8mup8xc 824108 824107 2026-04-22T09:41:28Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Jakob_Blasel-republica19.jpg|thumb|Blasel a cikin re:publica 2019]] '''Jakob Blasel''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 2000) ɗan gwagwarmayar yanayi ne na Jamus kuma ɗan siyasa na Alliance 90 / The Greens . == Rayuwa == Jakob Blasel ya girma a Kronshagen kusa da Kiel . Yana da ƴan uwansa maza biyu kuma an haife shi Katolika.[1] Ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Kronshagen, inda ya kasance mataimakin wakilin dalibai a shekarar makaranta ta 2017/18, kuma ya kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare inda a shekarar 2019.[2] Ya kuma kasance yana karatun shari'a tun daga shekarar hunturu ta 2020/21 == Jumma'a don Nan gaba == Jakob Blasel ya kasance daya daga cikin ƙungiyar shirya sashen Jamusanci na Jumma'a don Makomar (FFF) daga 10 ga Disamban shekarar 2018. A cewar Greenpeace, a yajin aikin yanayi na farko na FFF a ranar 14 ga Disamban shekarar 2018, Blasel da abokan aikinsa sun sami nasarar tattara mahalarta 500 a Kiel - 200 fiye da a Berlin. An zaɓi Blasel a matsayin wakilin kungiyar ta gida a Kiel kuma yana wakiltar matsayinsu a musayar kasa da kasa na motsi. A cikin 2019 Jakob Blasel ya shiga cikin taron bazara na FFF a Dortmund . <ref name="Deutschlandfunk Kultur 2019">{{Cite web |last=Küpper |first=Moritz |date=31 July 2019 |title="Fridays for Future": Auch in den Sommerferien engagiert |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/fridays-for-future-auch-in-den-sommerferien-engagiert-100.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=[[Deutschlandfunk Kultur]]}}</ref> Blasel ya bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen tattaunawa kamar NDR Talk Show (2019) da Maischberger . ya mutu (2020) <ref>{{YouTube|title=Klimaaktivist Jakob Blasel und Unternehmerin Sarna Röser bei maischberger. die woche 16.09.2020}}</ref> kuma ya ba da tambayoyin kafofin watsa labarai, misali B. tare da Bento (2019), Deutschlandfunk Kultur (2019) <ref name="Deutschlandfunk Kultur 2019">{{Cite web |last=Küpper |first=Moritz |date=31 July 2019 |title="Fridays for Future": Auch in den Sommerferien engagiert |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/fridays-for-future-auch-in-den-sommerferien-engagiert-100.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=[[Deutschlandfunk Kultur]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKüpper2019">Küpper, Moritz (2019-07-31). </cite></ref> da Süddeutsche Zeitung (2019). Ya kuma bayyana a cikin rahotanni biyu game da shirin funk na Jamus ''Y-Kollektiv'' a cikin 2019 da 2021.<ref> {{YouTube|title=Fridays For Future – Schülerinnen streiken, um die Welt zu retten}}, Y-Kollektiv, 31 January 2019 (about Jakob Blasel in Kiel and Ragna Diederichs in Göttingen)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Vom Klimaaktivisten zum Politiker? Jakob Blasel will mitregieren'' |url=https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/y-kollektiv/vom-klimaaktivisten-zum-politiker-jakob-blasel-will-mitregieren-oder-y-kollekti/funk/Y3JpZDovL2Z1bmsubmV0LzEwNTkvdmlkZW8vMTc3NDYzNQ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Y-Kollektiv |publisher=ARD Mediathek}}</ref> A taron jam'iyyar Green Party a Schleswig-Holstein, wanda ya faru a ranar 23 da 24 ga Maris 2019, ya ba da jawabi a matsayin wakilin Jumma'a don Makomar. A bikin Golden Camera a ranar 30 ga Maris 2019 a Berlin, ya bi [[Greta Thunberg]] lokacin da ta karbi kyautar ta musamman don kare yanayi. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare a shekarar 2019, Blasel ya yi aiki na cikakken lokaci don Jumma'a don Makomar shekara guda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai magana har zuwa Yuli 2020. <ref name="abi">{{Cite web |date=3 April 2020 |title=Jakob Blasel: "Hass und Hetze bedrohen unsere Demokratie" |url=https://abi.de/orientieren/promi_interviews/jakob-blasel017271.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020150114/https://abi.de/orientieren/promi_interviews/jakob-blasel017271.htm |archive-date=20 October 2020 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=abi.de |language=de}}</ref> === Alkawari ban da FFF === A shekarar 2017, Blasel ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta Greenpeace. Blasel na ɗaya daga cikin masu gabatar da taron shekara-shekara na 19 na Majalisar don Ci Gaban Ci gaba, wanda ya faru a ranar 4 ga Yunin shekarar 2019 a Cibiyar Majalisa ta Berlin. Daga shekarar 2019 zuwa gaba Jakob Blasel, Pia Kraftfutter da Fabian Grischkat sun daidaita tsarin Instagram "OZON" wanda Divimove ya samar, wanda ke hulɗa da dorewa da kariya ta muhalli kuma yana daga cikin kafofin watsa labarai na kan layi na ARD da ZDF, <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2019 |title=OZON – funk |url=https://presse.funk.net/format/ozon/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408124053/https://presse.funk.net/format/ozon/ |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=2019-04-08 |quote=Mit der Bloggerin Pia Kraftfutter, YouTuber Fabian Grischkat und Umweltschützer Jakob Blasel wird „OZON“ von drei Hosts präsentiert, die sich auch privat durch ihr Engagement auszeichnen.}}</ref> duk da haka, daga baya YouTuber Violetta Verissimo ya maye gurbinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Niemeier |first=Timo |date=8 April 2019 |title=Auf Instagram: "Ozon": Funk-Format gibt Tipps für den Umweltschutz |url=https://www.dwdl.de/nachrichten/71808/ozon_funkformat_gibt_tipps_fuer_den_umweltschutz/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=DWDL.de |language=de |quote=Mit der Bloggerin Pia Kraftfutter, Youtuber Fabian Grischkat und Umweltschützer Jakob Blasel hat das Format drei Hosts, die sich auch privat für die Umwelt einsetzen.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2019 |title=OZON – funk |url=https://presse.funk.net/format/ozon/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |language=de |quote=Mit der Bloggerin Pia Kraftfutter, YouTuber Fabian Grischkat und YouTuberin Violetta Verissimo wird OZON von drei Hosts präsentiert, die sich auch privat durch ihr Engagement auszeichnen.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2020 |title=VIOLETTA VON "I AM SO VIO!" ALS HOST BEIM FUNK-FORMAT OZON |url=https://presse.funk.net/pressemeldung/violetta-von-i-am-so-vio-als-host-beim-funk-format-ozon/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=presse.funk.net |language=de}}</ref> A cikin ₂, Blasel ya bukaci a cikin watsa shirye-shiryen OZON, wanda ya daidaita a lokacin, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hackenbruch |first=Felix |date=2024-10-22 |title=Angebliches Haustierverbot der Grünen: Die CSU lügt! |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/angebliches-haustierverbot-der-grunen-die-csu-lugt-12577853.html |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=[[Die Zeit]] |language=de}}</ref> cewa ya kamata a "hana kiwon dabbobi ba dole ba". Ya yi iƙirarin cewa dabbobi sun kasance "abun alatu sosai game da tasirin muhalli da CO2". Babu wata alama a cikin shirin cewa shi mai fafutukar FFF ne. Bayan an zabe shi mai magana da yawun tarayya na Greens a 2024, an soki kiransa na haramtacciyar doka. Kamfanin watsa shirye-shiryen jama'a da Greens sun musanta cewa Blasel ya taɓa buƙatar a haramta kiwon dabbobi, kuma labarin OZON ya ɓace daga kundin yanar gizo na ZDF ba tare da sanarwa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-23 |title=Erst als RTL.de nachfragt, machen ARD und ZDF bei umstrittener Haustier-Sendung einen radikalen Schnitt |url=https://www.rtl.de/news/ard-und-zdf-loeschen-umstrittene-luxus-haustiere-sendung-von-gruenen-funktionaer-jakob-blasel-id1896561.html |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=rtl.de |language=de}}</ref> A tsakiyar Yuni 2022, Blasel ya kasance mai aiki a matsayin FahrRad! Jakadan Verkehrsclub Deutschland (VCD) a wata babbar makaranta a Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2022 |title=VCD Jugendkampagne "FahrRad! Fürs Klima auf Rad": FahrRad!-Botschafter Jakob Blasel im Interview mit Berliner Schülerinnen |url=https://www.vcd.org/service/presse/pressemitteilungen/fahrrad-botschafter-jakob-blasel-im-interview-mit-berliner-schuelerinnen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312161739/https://www.vcd.org/service/presse/pressemitteilungen/fahrrad-botschafter-jakob-blasel-im-interview-mit-berliner-schuelerinnen |archive-date=2023-03-12 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=vcd.org}}</ref> === Ayyukan siyasa === Blasel ya girma a Kronshagen kuma ya shiga Green Party a shekarar 2017. Blasel ya shirya zanga-zangar farko a Kiel a cikin fall of 2018; game da adana Dajin Hambach a Arewacin Rhine-Westphalia, wanda za a share shi don hakar ma'adinai. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya zama wanda ya fara yajin aikin makaranta na farko don yanayi a Arewacin Jamus. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019, ya yi jawabi ga taron ESA ta Living Planet a [[Milano|Milan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate activist Jakob Blasel |url=https://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2019/05/Climate_activist_Jakob_Blasel |access-date=24 September 2019 |website=European Space Agency |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2020, Blasel ya kammala aikin horarwa a ofishin majalisar Lisa Badum . Kafin Zaben kasa na 2021, Green Party ta zabi shi a matsayin dan takara na Gundumar Rendsburg-Eckernförde a Schleswig-Holstein . Ya lashe kashi 14.8% na kuri'un da aka fi so na farko, ya zo na uku a bayan Sönke Rix, dan takarar SPD, da Johann Wadephul, dan takara na CDU.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bundestagswahl 2021 in Schleswig-Holstein: 4 - Rendsburg-Eckernförde |url=https://www.bundestagswahl-sh.de/land__wahlkreise_wahlkreis_4.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009093623/https://www.bundestagswahl-sh.de/land__wahlkreise_wahlkreis_4.html |archive-date=2021-10-09 |access-date=11 April 2022 |website=Statistisches Amt Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg |language=de}}</ref> Bayan kwamitin tarayya na Young Greens a Jamus ya sanar da murabus din hadin gwiwa a 2024, Blasel ya sanar da cewa zai yi takara a matsayin mai magana da yawun tarayya na reshen matasa na jam'iyyar. An zabe shi zuwa mukamin a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024 tare da kashi 74,6%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-20 |title=Grüne Jugend: Jette Nietzard und Jakob Blasel zu neuen Sprechern gewählt |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/gruene-jugend-jette-nietzard-und-jakob-blasel-zu-neuen-sprechern-gewaehlt-110057591.html |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=FAZ.NET |language=de}}</ref> Bayan kawancen CDU / CSU mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin Bundestag ya tura ta hanyar yunkurin iyakance ƙaura tare da ƙuri'u daga Alternative for Germany mai nisa a cikin shekara ta 2025, Blasel ya yi kira ga kin amincewa da hadin gwiwa tare da CDU / CSU a cikin majalisa na gaba ta hanyar Green Party. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6onwbq6m01z545dqozuaiu8al27mutp 0 113679 823783 781523 2026-04-21T16:24:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 823783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023|reason=That is a very interesting argument. Does it come from HRNK themselves? Who argues this?}} A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023|reason=Big if true}} === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan Afirka, lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> === Songbun === HRNK released the first comprehensive study of North Korea's discriminatory social classification system, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf Marked for Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System]'', to a group of 200 people at the American Enterprise Institute on June 6, 2012. As a starting point, this report recommended that North Korea allow the [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] and the [[Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|United Nations Special Rapporteur]] in North Korea full, free, and unimpeded access, so that they can study the impact of the songbun system on the human rights of North Koreans.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kula da Jama'a da Tiyayyar Jama'a === HRNK launched its report, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of North Korea's Police State]'', at the Korea Economic Institute (KEI) on July 19, 2012, to a group of 100 people. Authored by North Korean leadership specialist Ken E. Gause, the publication focuses on security and espionage in North Korean.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kashewa === Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == ckt170hbamm6k4oysujj3zvmd4tc3bu 823784 823783 2026-04-21T16:24:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 823784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023|reason=That is a very interesting argument. Does it come from HRNK themselves? Who argues this?}} A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023|reason=Big if true}} === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan Afirka, lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> === Songbun === HRNK released the first comprehensive study of North Korea's discriminatory social classification system, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf Marked for Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System]'', to a group of 200 people at the American Enterprise Institute on June 6, 2012. As a starting point, this report recommended that North Korea allow the [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] and the [[Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|United Nations Special Rapporteur]] in North Korea full, free, and unimpeded access, so that they can study the impact of the songbun system on the human rights of North Koreans.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kula da Jama'a da Tiyayyar Jama'a === HRNK launched its report, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of North Korea's Police State]'', at the Korea Economic Institute (KEI) on July 19, 2012, to a group of 100 people. Authored by North Korean leadership specialist Ken E. Gause, the publication focuses on security and espionage in North Korean.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kashewa === Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == 9of5g3w67k1esbbrto88is1uok5kh5s 823785 823784 2026-04-21T16:24:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 823785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari. A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023|reason=Big if true}} === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan Afirka, lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> === Songbun === HRNK released the first comprehensive study of North Korea's discriminatory social classification system, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf Marked for Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System]'', to a group of 200 people at the American Enterprise Institute on June 6, 2012. As a starting point, this report recommended that North Korea allow the [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] and the [[Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|United Nations Special Rapporteur]] in North Korea full, free, and unimpeded access, so that they can study the impact of the songbun system on the human rights of North Koreans.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kula da Jama'a da Tiyayyar Jama'a === HRNK launched its report, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of North Korea's Police State]'', at the Korea Economic Institute (KEI) on July 19, 2012, to a group of 100 people. Authored by North Korean leadership specialist Ken E. Gause, the publication focuses on security and espionage in North Korean.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kashewa === Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == g88pe4wk4on4z71xgs4eoo5ei7laca9 823786 823785 2026-04-21T16:25:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 823786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari. A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023|reason=Big if true}} === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan Afirka, lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> === Songbun === HRNK released the first comprehensive study of North Korea's discriminatory social classification system, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf Marked for Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System]'', to a group of 200 people at the American Enterprise Institute on June 6, 2012. As a starting point, this report recommended that North Korea allow the [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] and the [[Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|United Nations Special Rapporteur]] in North Korea full, free, and unimpeded access, so that they can study the impact of the songbun system on the human rights of North Koreans.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kula da Jama'a da Tiyayyar Jama'a === HRNK launched its report, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of North Korea's Police State]'', at the Korea Economic Institute (KEI) on July 19, 2012, to a group of 100 people. Authored by North Korean leadership specialist Ken E. Gause, the publication focuses on security and espionage in North Korean.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kashewa === Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == lyqydpmubsbrodqiykfx11187gos998 823787 823786 2026-04-21T16:25:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 823787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari. A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan Afirka, lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> === Songbun === HRNK released the first comprehensive study of North Korea's discriminatory social classification system, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf Marked for Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System]'', to a group of 200 people at the American Enterprise Institute on June 6, 2012. As a starting point, this report recommended that North Korea allow the [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] and the [[Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|United Nations Special Rapporteur]] in North Korea full, free, and unimpeded access, so that they can study the impact of the songbun system on the human rights of North Koreans.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kula da Jama'a da Tiyayyar Jama'a === HRNK launched its report, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of North Korea's Police State]'', at the Korea Economic Institute (KEI) on July 19, 2012, to a group of 100 people. Authored by North Korean leadership specialist Ken E. Gause, the publication focuses on security and espionage in North Korean.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kashewa === Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == m0ov47zc76bgpxivbrcchy28ptwhdk4 823788 823787 2026-04-21T16:25:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 823788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari. A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan Afirka, lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> === Songbun === HRNK released the first comprehensive study of North Korea's discriminatory social classification system, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf Marked for Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System]'', to a group of 200 people at the American Enterprise Institute on June 6, 2012. As a starting point, this report recommended that North Korea allow the [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] and the [[Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|United Nations Special Rapporteur]] in North Korea full, free, and unimpeded access, so that they can study the impact of the songbun system on the human rights of North Koreans.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kula da Jama'a da Tiyayyar Jama'a === HRNK launched its report, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of North Korea's Police State]'', at the Korea Economic Institute (KEI) on July 19, 2012, to a group of 100 people. Authored by North Korean leadership specialist Ken E. Gause, the publication focuses on security and espionage in North Korean.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kashewa === Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == 43j91k3fwjri7e1na2lq4c37kz6mxie 823789 823788 2026-04-21T16:26:35Z Pharouqenr 25549 823789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari. A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan Afirka, lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa. === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> === Songbun === HRNK released the first comprehensive study of North Korea's discriminatory social classification system, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf Marked for Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System]'', to a group of 200 people at the American Enterprise Institute on June 6, 2012. As a starting point, this report recommended that North Korea allow the [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] and the [[Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|United Nations Special Rapporteur]] in North Korea full, free, and unimpeded access, so that they can study the impact of the songbun system on the human rights of North Koreans.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kula da Jama'a da Tiyayyar Jama'a === HRNK launched its report, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of North Korea's Police State]'', at the Korea Economic Institute (KEI) on July 19, 2012, to a group of 100 people. Authored by North Korean leadership specialist Ken E. Gause, the publication focuses on security and espionage in North Korean.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kashewa === Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == q76if34whqfeg2hmagvitha6523hbd7 823790 823789 2026-04-21T16:27:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 823790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari. A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan Afirka, lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa. === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> === Songbun === HRNK released the first comprehensive study of North Korea's discriminatory social classification system, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf Marked for Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System]'', to a group of 200 people at the American Enterprise Institute on June 6, 2012. As a starting point, this report recommended that North Korea allow the [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] and the [[Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|United Nations Special Rapporteur]] in North Korea full, free, and unimpeded access, so that they can study the impact of the songbun system on the human rights of North Koreans.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kula da Jama'a da Tiyayyar Jama'a === HRNK launched its report, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of North Korea's Police State]'', at the Korea Economic Institute (KEI) on July 19, 2012, to a group of 100 people. Authored by North Korean leadership specialist Ken E. Gause, the publication focuses on security and espionage in North Korean.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kashewa === Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa. An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == hd01kpza9oibb1gd94fuvkf16vorm8k 823791 823790 2026-04-21T16:27:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 823791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari. A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan Afirka, lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa. === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron. HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> === Songbun === HRNK released the first comprehensive study of North Korea's discriminatory social classification system, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf Marked for Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System]'', to a group of 200 people at the American Enterprise Institute on June 6, 2012. As a starting point, this report recommended that North Korea allow the [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] and the [[Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|United Nations Special Rapporteur]] in North Korea full, free, and unimpeded access, so that they can study the impact of the songbun system on the human rights of North Koreans.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kula da Jama'a da Tiyayyar Jama'a === HRNK launched its report, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of North Korea's Police State]'', at the Korea Economic Institute (KEI) on July 19, 2012, to a group of 100 people. Authored by North Korean leadership specialist Ken E. Gause, the publication focuses on security and espionage in North Korean.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kashewa === Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa. An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == f1wlvajniyozc9wvo6zrvfi0f4io9zr 823792 823791 2026-04-21T16:27:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 823792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari. A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan [[Afirka]], lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa. === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron. HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> === Songbun === HRNK released the first comprehensive study of North Korea's discriminatory social classification system, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf Marked for Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System]'', to a group of 200 people at the American Enterprise Institute on June 6, 2012. As a starting point, this report recommended that North Korea allow the [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] and the [[Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|United Nations Special Rapporteur]] in North Korea full, free, and unimpeded access, so that they can study the impact of the songbun system on the human rights of North Koreans.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kula da Jama'a da Tiyayyar Jama'a === HRNK launched its report, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of North Korea's Police State]'', at the Korea Economic Institute (KEI) on July 19, 2012, to a group of 100 people. Authored by North Korean leadership specialist Ken E. Gause, the publication focuses on security and espionage in North Korean.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kashewa === Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa. An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == rv5g3y8q6jyxxn3tk1uwxgvdv83cbz5 823793 823792 2026-04-21T16:28:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 823793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari. A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan [[Afirka]], lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa. === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron. HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa. HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> === Songbun === HRNK released the first comprehensive study of North Korea's discriminatory social classification system, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf Marked for Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System]'', to a group of 200 people at the American Enterprise Institute on June 6, 2012. As a starting point, this report recommended that North Korea allow the [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] and the [[Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|United Nations Special Rapporteur]] in North Korea full, free, and unimpeded access, so that they can study the impact of the songbun system on the human rights of North Koreans.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kula da Jama'a da Tiyayyar Jama'a === HRNK launched its report, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of North Korea's Police State]'', at the Korea Economic Institute (KEI) on July 19, 2012, to a group of 100 people. Authored by North Korean leadership specialist Ken E. Gause, the publication focuses on security and espionage in North Korean.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kashewa === Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa. An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == 454z5k2jsej7r1hyfkrwblw4pn770o8 823794 823793 2026-04-21T16:28:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 823794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari. A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan [[Afirka]], lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa. === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron. HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa. HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa. HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> === Songbun === HRNK released the first comprehensive study of North Korea's discriminatory social classification system, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf Marked for Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System]'', to a group of 200 people at the American Enterprise Institute on June 6, 2012. As a starting point, this report recommended that North Korea allow the [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] and the [[Mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|United Nations Special Rapporteur]] in North Korea full, free, and unimpeded access, so that they can study the impact of the songbun system on the human rights of North Koreans.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kula da Jama'a da Tiyayyar Jama'a === HRNK launched its report, ''[http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of North Korea's Police State]'', at the Korea Economic Institute (KEI) on July 19, 2012, to a group of 100 people. Authored by North Korean leadership specialist Ken E. Gause, the publication focuses on security and espionage in North Korean.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Kashewa === Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa. An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == opss51kqa0p603wxw5fyc43aov8unr9 823795 823794 2026-04-21T16:29:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 823795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari. A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan [[Afirka]], lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa. === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron. HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa. HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa. HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa. An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == 59jan8g7yo6rmvz0y19etaflgckojzm 823796 823795 2026-04-21T16:29:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 823796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari. A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan [[Afirka]], lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa. === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron. HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa. HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa. HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa. An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN. === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == bkjym3um2p1oupxmb27wjlce2u2ncem 823797 823796 2026-04-21T16:29:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 823797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari. A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan [[Afirka]], lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa. === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron. HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa. HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa. HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa. An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN. === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Manazarta == qorph3jy229zkxmopipxeslkn33sx2l 823798 823797 2026-04-21T16:30:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 823798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a [[Koriya ta Arewa]] (HRNK), wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Amurka]] a Koriya ta Arewa, wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta Washington, wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin Koriya ta Arewa da kuma buga binciken da ke mayar da hankali kan cin zarafin bil'adama a wannan kasa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180858/http://www.hrnk.org/ |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da daya 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun masu kare hakkin dan adam, HRNK ta buga rahotanni game da batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref> Shugabannin kwamitin sun ba da shaida ga Majalisa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa da kuma tilasta dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Kudu ta China.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, HRNK ta gudanar da babban taron farko kan [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa|'Yancin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa]] don ƙaddamar da bugawa, The Hidden Gulag, na biyu, a kan sansanonin kurkuku na siyasa na Koriya Ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:HRNK_Co-Chair_Roberta_Cohen_and_Executive_Director_Greg_Scarlatoiu_present_UN_COI_Commissioners_(L_to_R)_Sonja_Biserko,_Marzuki_Darusman,_and_Michael_Kirby_with_HRNK’s_first_Human_Rights_Award.jpg|thumb|Kwamishinonin uku na kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai bincike kan hakkin dan Adam a DPRK, sun sami lambar yabo ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta farko da kungiyar ta HRNK ta bayar. Hoton ya nuna kwamishinonin Sonja Biserko, Marzuki Darusman, da Michael Kirby ne ke ba da lambar yabo daga shugabar kungiyar Roberta Cohen da Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu.]] === Kafawa === HRNK an kafa shi ne a cikin 2001 ta ƙungiyar manufofin kasashen waje da ƙwararrun 'yancin ɗan adam don cike gibin ƙwarewar da ba na gwamnati ba kan Koriya ta Arewa. Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa kamar su Amnesty International da [[Human Rights Watch: Mongolia|Human Rights Watch]] da farko sun sami wahalar shigar da Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ke da wuyar samun bayanai akai-akai, cikin tsarin bincike da bayar da shawarwari. A cikin 2003 HRNK ta fito da bugu na farko na The Hidden Gulag na David Hawk. Wannan shi ne cikakken bincike na farko na tsarin sansanin kurkukun Koriya ta Arewa. === Haɗin da ya gabata === Tun daga farkonsa, HRNK ta yi ikirarin kanta a matsayin mai ƙware a kan Koriya ta Arewa a Amurka. Mambobin farko na Kwamitin Gudanarwa sun haɗa da adadi irin su Chuck Downs, Nicholas Eberstadt (na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Amirka, Cibiyar Tunanin Conservative), Carl Gershman (shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Dimokiradiyya), Morton I. Abramowitz (tsohon shugaban Carnegie Endowment for International Peace tunanin-tank), da Samantha Power' (daya daga cikin masu goyon bayan gwamnatin Obama1 a Libya1).). Shugabannin kwamitin gudanarwar sun hada da wakilin Amurka Stephen J. Solarz (mai kula da yankin Gulf Wa na 1991). da Ambasada James R. Lilley (wakilin CIA a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata a Asiya, ya yi aiki a Laos don dakile ta'addancin kwaminisanci kuma ya taimaka wajen shigar da jami'an CIA da dama a cikin kasar Sin).<ref name="embassy">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China (1979–present) |url=http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630141250/http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassadors.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=Embassy of the United States, Beijing, China}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2009 |title=James Lilley dies at 81; ambassador to China and CIA operative |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172333/http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-james-lilley16-2009nov16-story.html |archive-date=2016-08-14 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba na gwamnatin Ronald Reagan), wanda aka sanya wa sunan Dokar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa ta 2001. Solarz, tsohon dan majalisar dokokin New York Democrat, an san shi da "Marco Polo of Congress" saboda dogon tarihin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da kuma shiga cikin harkokin waje. Musamman ma, shi ne dan siyasar Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci Kim Il Sung. Lilley ta kasance kusa da tsohon shugaban kasa George HW Bush da kanta kuma ta kasance jakada a Jamhuriyar Koriya da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. === Shaida a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka === [[Fayil:Greg_Scarlatoiu,_Executive_Director,_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.png|left|thumb|300x300px|Babban Darakta Greg Scarlatoiu, yana ba da shaida a cikin Afrilu 2015, a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka Tom Lantos Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam, kan batun "Kamfanin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Koriya ta Arewa: Kasuwa Mai Tallafawa Jihohi a cikin Fataucin Bil Adama".<ref>{{Cite web |date=Apr 29, 2015 |title=North Korea's Forced Labor Enterprise: A State-Sponsored Marketplace in Human Trafficking |url=http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429210831/http://tlhrc.house.gov/hearing_notice.asp?id=1281 |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=Apr 29, 2015 |publisher=[[Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission]]}}</ref>]] A watan Satumban 2011, babban darektan HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu ya ba da shaida a wani zaman kwamitin kula da harkokin waje na majalisar wakilai kan Afirka, Lafiya ta Duniya, da kare hakkin bil'adama, mai taken "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: kalubale da dama". Scarlatoiu ya jaddada kwararar bayanai zuwa cikin Koriya ta Arewa, yana mai ba da shawarar a madadin HRNK cewa, "Ya kamata Amurka ta ci gaba da fadada watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo zuwa Koriya ta Arewa tare da karfafa sauran kokarin da ke ba da bayanai kai tsaye ga mutanen Koriya ta Arewa bisa ga dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Koriya ta Arewa".<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120916014005/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf "Testimony of Greg Scarlatoiu, Executive Director of the Committee for Human Rights in North Korea"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Archived from [http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/sca092011.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2012, kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya karbi shaida daga shugaban HRNK, Roberta Cohen da Scarlatoiu, a wani sauraren sauraren "Mayar da 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa da Sin ta yi". Hukumar ta HRNK ta gabatar da shawarwari guda shida ga hukumar tare da karfafawa kasar Sin kwarin gwiwar cika hakkin kasa da kasa na kare 'yan gudun hijirar Koriya ta Arewa.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China |url=http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120928022721/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China%27s%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf "Greg Scarlatoiu - Congressional-Executive Commission on China"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Congressional-Executive Commission on China. Archived from [http://cecc.gov/pages/hearings/general/hearing5/CECC%20Hearing%20-%20China's%20Repatriation%20of%20North%20Korean%20Refugees%20Hearing%20-%20Greg%20Scarlatoiu%20Witness%20Statement.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2014, shugaban HRNK Andrew Natsios ya ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin majalisar kan harkokin kasashen waje, karamin kwamiti kan [[Afirka]], lafiya na duniya, kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya da kuma kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, a cikin abin da ke da taken "Hakkin Dan Adam da Laifukan Cin Hanci da Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa". Baya ga bayyana laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da COI ta fallasa, Natsios ya yi ikirarin cewa, "Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da shawara tare da tattauna batun sanya takunkumi da sauran nau'o'in matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Koriya ta Arewa a matakin kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, sun kasance matakan da aka dauka don mayar da martani ga cin zarafi da shirin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ba shi da alaka da batun kare hakkin bil'adama."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2014 |title=Testimony of Andrew Natsios, Co-Chairman of the Committee on Human Rights in North Korea - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations - Hearing on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904130855/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NATSIOS%20TESTIMONY%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Kwamitin gudanarwa na HNK ya hada da fitattun mutane daga Koriya ta Arewa da kuma al'ummomin manufofin kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.hrnk.org/about/board-of-directors.php |access-date=5 Oct 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>{{Collapsible list|Gordon Flake<br />'''Co-Chair'''<br /> Chief Executive Officer, Perth USAsia Centre|[[Katrina Swett|Katrina Lantos Swett]]<br/>'''Co-Chair'''<br/> President and CEO, Lantos Foundation for Human Rights and Justice|John Despres<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/> Consultant on International Financial and Strategic Affairs|[[Suzanne Scholte]]<br/>'''Co-Vice-Chair'''<br/>President, [[Defense Forum Foundation]]<br/>[[Seoul Peace Prize]] Laureate|Kevin C. McCann<br/>'''Treasurer'''<br/> General Counsel, [[SHI International]]|[[Andrew Natsios]]<br/>'''Co-Chair Emeritus'''<br/> Former Director, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)|[[Morton I. Abramowitz|Morton Abramowitz]]<br/> Senior Fellow, The Century Foundation|Thomas Barker<br/> Partner, Co-Chair, Healthcare Practice, Foley Hoag LLP|Rabbi Abraham Cooper<br/> Associate Dean of The Simon Wiesenthal Center, LA|Jack David<br/> Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute|Paula Dobriansky<br/> Senior Vice President and Head of Government Affairs, Thomson Reuters|[[Nicholas Eberstadt]]<br/> Henry Wendt Chair in Political Economy at the American Enterprise Institute|Robert Joseph<br/> Senior Scholar, National Institute for Public Policy|Stephen Kahng<br/> President, Kahng Foundation|Robert King<br/> Former U.S. Special Envoy for North Korean Human Rights Issues|Jung-Hoon Lee<br/> Dean, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University|[[Winston Lord]]<br/> Former Assistant Secretary for East Asia, Department of State|David Maxwell<br/> Senior Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies|Marcus Noland<br/> Peterson Institute|Jacqueline Pak<br/> Professor, Cornell University}} == Ayyukan bincike kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam == === Kashewa ta Duniya === HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Taken: Laifukan Satar Jama'a na Koriya ta Arewa, ga taron mutane 150 a Washington, D.C. a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2011. An gudanar da wani binciken da ya tattara bayanan sace Koriya ta Arewa, wanda ya kai sama da 180,000 da aka sace, ya kuma fallasa fa'ida da ayyukan Koriya ta Arewa. === Kurkuku === HRNK, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Dakatar da Laifukan da ake yiwa Bil Adama a Koriya ta Arewa, da Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation sun dauki nauyin gabatar da "Trapped in Korea's Gulag: Labarin Oh Kil-nam da Iyalinsa" a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Taron ya nuna Dr. Oh Kil-nam kuma an ba da shi a Mike da Maureen Mansfield Foundation. Babban daraktan hukumar ta HRNK yayi jawabi a wurin gabatar da taron. HRNK ta fitar da littafinta, Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidajen Yari na Siyasa, kuma ta gudanar da wani taro a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya ta Peterson. Rahoton ya yi kira da a wargaza babban sansanin fursunonin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa wanda ake tsare da mutane 150,000 zuwa 200,000. Taron 10 ga Afrilu, 2012 kan gulag na Koriya ta Arewa ya tattara tsoffin fursunonin Koriya ta Arewa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƴan Adam, wakilan gwamnatoci, hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ƙwararrun Koriya, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don sanarwa, haɗin kai, tattaunawa, da ba da shawarwari kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na Koriya ta Arewa. HRNK ta gabatar da "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Gidajen Yari a 2012" a Cibiyar Amurka-Korea a SAIS a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2012. Gordon Flake, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa a HRNK da kuma babban darektan Maureen da Mike Mansfield Foundation, da kuma HRNK kwamitin shugaban kasa na North Korea Encrashman ya gabatar da bayanai game da Carl Germong na Koriya ta Arewa. zauren tattaunawa. HRNK ta buga Boyayyen Gulag IV: Cin Hanci da Jinsi da Bacewar Fursunoni daga tsohon jami'in binciken kare hakkin dan Adam David Hawk a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015. Rahoton ya yi amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam da hirar da suka yi da wadanda suka sauya sheka don bayyana karin bangaren mata a sansanin kurkukun da aka fi sani da Kyo-hwa-so No. 12 da matan Koriya ta Arewa suka kwatanta ppatlight na kasar Sin. Rahoton ya kuma yi magana game da "bacewar sau biyu", ko kuma 'yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka fara bacewa cikin gidajen yari na siyasa da kuma sake kamar yadda aka tarwatsa ko kuma mayar da irin waɗannan wuraren da ake tsare da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcements - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007082406/http://www.hrnk.org/events/announcements-view.php?id=24 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> ==== Hotunan tauraron dan adam ==== HRNK ce ta buga a cikin 2003, The Hidden Gulag, Buga na Farko ya haɗa da hotunan tauraron dan adam na sansanonin kurkukun siyasa da DigitalGlobe ke bayarwa tare da wuraren sansani da wuraren da masu sauya sheka na Koriya ta Arewa suka gano. A cikin Buga na Biyu na Hidden Gulag: Sansanonin Kurkuku na Siyasa, HRNK ta sami damar buga hotuna mafi girman ƙuduri guda 41 wanda masu ɓarna a cikin su ke nuna ƙanana a matsayin hasumiya mai gadi da gidaje tare da zuwan fasahar Google Earth. HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun yi aiki tare don gudanar da cikakken nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam na wasu sansanonin na tsawon lokaci, kuma wasu daga cikin wannan aikin sun ba da gudummawa ga Rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kwamitin bincike kan 'yancin ɗan adam a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Koriya ta Koriya. Kwanan nan, HRNK da Binciken AllSource sun gano rufe sansanin 15 "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" kuma sun ba da wannan rahoto: Binciken Hoto na Camp 15 "Yodŏk" Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Halin".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032020/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> Rahoton na HRNK na 2012 Tilastawa, Sarrafa, Sa ido, da Hukunci: Wani Jarabawar Jami’an ‘Yan Sandan Koriya ta Arewa ta yi zargin cewa ba a saba yin kisa ga jama’a a Koriya ta Arewa ba, kuma hukuncin kisa ba a iyakance ga “mafi manyan laifuffuka ba,” wanda ke zama cin zarafi ga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan ‘yancin jama’a da siyasa. HRNK ce ta buga a shekarar 2012, The Hidden Gulag Bugu na Biyu: Gidan Yari na Siyasa ya bayyana yadda ake aiwatar da hukuncin kisa na jama'a da na sirri a gidajen yarin kwan-li-so da kyo-hwa-so. Tsofaffin fursunonin sun ba da rahoton cewa an tilasta musu yin jifa da gawarwaki bayan yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa hukuncin kisa hukunci ne na yunƙurin tserewa, amma kuma “laifi” kamar cin ƙwan zuma a ƙasa ba tare da izini ba an kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Wani fursuna ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun shaidi kisa da aka yi kiyasin 50-60 a kowace shekara, ciki har da kisa na rukuni na mutane 20. A cikin Afrilu 2015, HRNK da AllSource Analysis, Inc. sun gano abin da ta yi imanin cewa hoton tauraron dan adam ne na wani kisa ta ZPU-4 bindigogin mashin jiragen sama a cibiyar horar da sojoji ta Kanggon a wajen Pyongyang. An ba da rahoton zarge-zargen nasu a cikin "Ayyukan da ba a saba da su ba a Yankin Horar da Sojoji na Kanggon a Koriya ta Arewa: Shaidar Kisa ta Bindigan Jirgin Sama?. == Manyan tarurruka == === Taron "Gulag da aka ɓoye" (2012) === A Cibiyar Peterson ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya a Washington, DC, HRNK ta dauki bakuncin babban taron farko kan "Hidden Gulag", yana magana da tsarin kurkuku na Koriya ta Arewa, a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. HRNK ta kaddamar da bugawa, bugu na biyu na The Hidden Gulag <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702133812/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-02 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> ta tsohon Babban Darakta na Amnesty International kuma masanin kare hakkin dan adam David Hawk, a taron <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=Hidden Gulag April 10 |url=http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ "Hidden Gulag April 10"]. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120630191837/http://mansfieldfdn.org/blog/hidden-gulag-april-10/ Archived] from the original on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, gami da edita a cikin The Washington Post wanda ya gabatar da taron a matsayin "wanda ba a taɓa gani ba". Robert King, Jakadan Amurka na Musamman na Harkokin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya ta Arewa, ya yi jawabi ga taron. Glyn Davies, Wakilin Musamman na Amurka na Manufofin Koriya ta Arewa, shi ma ya halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JBI Co-Sponsors Conference on Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121190913/http://www.jbi-humanrights.org/jacob-blaustein-institute/2012/04/jbi-co-sponsors-conference-on-human-rights-in-north-korea.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 |access-date=24 June 2012 |publisher=The Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights}}</ref> === Taron "Kiran Aiki" (2012) === HRNK ta shirya wani taro a Cibiyar Simon Wiesenthal a Gidan Tarihi na Juriya a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012, kan "Tsarin sansanin fursunonin Siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa da Halin 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Koriya ta Arewa: Kira don Aiki".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} Babban Darakta na HNK da membobin kwamitin gudanarwa sun yi jawabi a wurin taron tare da ba da ilimi kan Koriya ta Arewa. Bugu da kari, HRNK ta shirya wa masu magana Rabbi Abraham Cooper, Honourable Howard Berman, Honourable Brad Sherman, Honourable Ed Royce, R.O.K. Consul Janar Shin Yeon-sung, David Hawk, Dr. Han Dong-ho, Blaine Harden, Shin Dong-hyuk, Hannah Song, Melanie Kirkpatrick, da Dr. Cho Jung-hyun don yin magana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Call for Action - Museum of Tolerance {{!}} Los Angeles, CA |url=http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221232048/http://www.museumoftolerance.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=tmL6KfNVLtH&b=6771111&ct=12209009 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> === Taron "Zuciyar Duhu" (2013) === Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois da Cibiyar Ilimi da HRNK sun karbi bakuncin taron kira ga rugujewar sansanonin kurkukun siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa a Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust na Illinois & Cibiyar Ilimi a Skokie, IL a ranar Nuwamba 6, 2013. HRNK ya ba da masu magana, daidaitawa don taron, ya gayyaci al'ummar Koriya ta Koriya ta Amurka a yankin Chicago, kuma ta gabatar da tattaunawa game da tsarin siyasa na Koriya ta Arewa. An gabatar da wannan taron ga mutane An isar da wannan taron ga mutane 300, ciki har da Amurkawa Koriya da waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust. Taron, wanda aka fassara a lokaci guda a wurin cikin harshen Koriya da Ingilishi, ya jagoranci kuma ya nuna Babban Darakta na HRNK Greg Scarlatoiu, Farfesa Farfesa Hyun In-ae, da Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Roberta Cohen. Sun tattauna inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma hanyoyin da Chicago da mafi girman yankin Midwest za su iya shiga cikin shawarwari da wayar da kan Koriya ta Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-07 |title=HRNK, Holocaust museum to work together again N. Korean prison camps |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212140912/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/11/116_145812.html |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> === "Hakkin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa: Adireshin Michael Kirby" Taron (2014) === Cibiyar Brookings da HRNK sun gudanar da wani taron inda Michael Kirby, shugaban kwamitin binciken kare hakkin bil adama na MDD a Koriya ta Arewa (COI), ya yi jawabi kan sakamakon rahoton da shawarwarin. Binciken da aka kwashe tsawon shekara guda ana yi, wanda ya hada da saurare da tattaunawa da ‘yan Koriya ta Arewa da suka sauya sheka, ya gano cewa “a lokuta da dama, cin zarafi ya shafi cin zarafin bil’adama bisa manufofin gwamnati."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Register to attend "Human Rights in North Korea: An Address by Michael Kirby" |url=http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903205302/http://connect.brookings.edu/register-to-attend-human-rights-north-korea-kirby |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Bayan jawabin mai shari'a Kirby, Marcus Noland na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta Peterson da kuma wani mamban hukumar ta HRNK yayi tsokaci kan rahoton. Kuma Roberta Cohen, Co-shugaban HRNK da Babban Fellow Ba mazaunin ba, Brookings, ya kasance a kan wani kwamiti da ke tattauna abubuwan da COI ke da shi. Taron ya ja hankalin kafofin watsa labarai masu mahimmanci, kuma an watsa shi akan C-SPAN. === Hidden Gulag IV da Camp 15 Hotuna Sabuntawa (2015) === A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2015, HRNK ta ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafenta The Hidden Gulag IV: Damuwar Jinsi da Bacewar Kurkuku da Koriya ta Arewa: Binciken Hoto na Sansanin 15 "Yodok" - Rufe "Yankin Juyin Juya Hali" a Newseum a Washington D.C. Taron ya gabatar da gabatarwa ta hanyar marubutan rahotanni J David Haw. Cohen da Gwang-il Jung, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin No. 15 "Yodok".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007000829/http://www.hrnk.org/events/events-view.php?id=44 |archive-date=2015-10-07 |access-date=2015-10-06 |website=www.hrnk.org}}</ref> == Littattafai == [[Fayil:The_Hidden_Gulag_(2012_edition_cover)_-_Committee_for_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf|thumb|Rufin fitowar 2012 na The Hidden Gulag - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu'<nowiki/>''Gulag ɗin da aka ɓoye - Rayuwa da Muryoyin 'Waɗanda aka aika zuwa Duwatsu''']] HRNK ta fitar da littattafai sama da 50 kan 'yancin dan adam na Koriya ta Arewa, kan bincike mai zaman kansa, shaidar wadanda suka tsere a Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma nazarin hotunan tauraron dan adam. Littattafan kwanan nan sun magance rahotanni game da canje-canje a sansanonin kurkuku, na'urar tsaro ta Koriya ta Arewa, tsarin rarraba zamantakewar "songbun" na Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma cibiyar sadarwar "gulag da aka ɓoye" na DPRK.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=HRNK Publications |url=https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php "HRNK Publications"]. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> === Sansanonin Kurkuku === * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2003 |title=The Hidden Gulag, First Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_Hidden_Gulag.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Hidden Gulag: Interpreting Reports of Changes in the Prison Camps |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2012 |title=The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2012 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 22 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20(1).pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813053354/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK%20CAMP%2022%20REPORT%20FINAL%20%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-13}} * {{Cite web |last=HRNK and Digital Globe, Inc. |date=2013 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Camp25_201302_Updated_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |date=2014 |title=North Korea's Camp No. 25, Update |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607135054/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2014 |title=North Korea - Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607143851/http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_AnalysisReport_HRNK_Camp15_Final.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-07}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez |first2=Joseph S. Jr. |date=2015 |title=Unusual Activity at the Kanggon Military Training Area in North Korea: Evidence of Execution by Anti-aircraft Machine Guns? |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNKInsider_Greg_Joe_4_29_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=Imagery Analysis of Camp 15 "Yodok" Closure of the "Revolutionizing Zone" |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp15_RevZone_HQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2015 |title=The Hidden Gulag IV: Gender Repression and Prison Disappearances |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 14 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp14_v7_highrezFINAL_11_30_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2015 |title=North Korea Imagery Analysis of Camp 16 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Ch'oma-bong Restricted Area |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Chmbg_201603_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2016 |title=Gulag, Inc.: The Use of Forced Labor in North Korea's Export Industries |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KKJ_Gulag_INC_FinalFinal_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Eley |first2=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp12_201608_v10_LR.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Bermudez Jr. |first2=Joseph S. |date=2016 |title=North Korea: Flooding at Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jongo-ri |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Kyo-hwa-so%20No_%2012%20Flooding.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Dinville |first2=Andy |last3=Eley |first3=Mike |date=2016 |title=North Korea Camp No. 25 Update 2 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp25_Update2.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=The Parallel Gulag: North Korea's "An-Jeon-Bu" Prison Camps |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) at Pokchŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Pokchongni_FINALFINAL_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Long-term Re-education through Labor Camp (Kyo-hwa-so) No. 4 at Kangdong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kangdong_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech'ŏn |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Kaechon_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 12, Jŏngŏ-ri - Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/KHS12_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2020 |title=North Korea's Chŭngsan No. 11 Detention Facility |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Chu%CC%86ngsan%20No_%2011%20Detention%20Facility%20Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri - Update |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS8_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Potential Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_Sonhwa_FINAL_2021_10_04.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KLS25_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |last4=Park-Tokola |first4=Rosa |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T'osŏng-ni |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Bermudez_KHS3_Updated.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Bermudez Jr. |first=Joseph S. |last2=Scarlatoiu |first2=Greg |last3=Mortwedt Oh |first3=Amanda |date=2021 |title=North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2014%20v.8.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=IBA War Crimes Committee, Debevoise & Plimpton, HRNK |date=2022 |title=Report: Inquiry on Crimes Against Humanity in North Korean Detention Centers |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Report%20Findings%20Inquiry%20on%20Crimes%20Against%20Humanity.pdf}} === Jiha da al'umma na Koriya ta Arewa === * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2005 |title=Hunger and Human Rights: The Politics of Famine in North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hunger_and_Human_Rights.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2009 |title=After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After_Kim_Jong-Il%202009.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Hae-young |date=2009 |title=Lives for Sale: Personal Accounts of Women Fleeing North Korea to China |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Yamamoto |first=Yoshi |date=2011 |title=Taken! North Korea's Criminal Abduction of Citizens in Other Countries |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Taken_LQ.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Kwang-jin |date=2011 |title=North Korea After Kim Jong-il: Can We Hope for Better Human Rights Protection? |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/After%20Kim%20Jong-il.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2012 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2012 |title=Marked For Life: Songbun, North Korea's Social Classification System |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Songbun_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2013 |title=Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_Ken-Gause_Translation_5_29_13.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Chestnut Greitens |first=Sheena |author-link=Sheena Chestnut Greitens |date=2014 |title=Illicit: North Korea's Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/SCG-FINAL-FINAL(1).pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2015 |title=Arsenal of Terror - North Korea, State Sponsor of Terrorism |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627154729/http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/4_27_15_Stanton_ArsenalofTerror.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-27}} * {{Cite web |last=Gause |first=Ken E. |date=2015 |title=North Korean House of Cards: Leadership Dynamics Under Kim Jong-un |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Gause_NKHOC_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Pyongyang Republic: North Korea's Capital of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |last2=Mortwedt Oh |first2=Amanda |date=2017 |title=From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2018 |title=Denied from the Start: Human Rights at the Local Level in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Denied_FINALFINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2019 |title=North Korea's Organization and Guidance Department: The Control Tower of Human Rights Denial |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_OGD_Web.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=W. Courtland |date=2019 |title=Lost Generation: The Health and Human Rights of North Korean Children, 1990–2018 |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Robinson_LG_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Martyn |date=2019 |title=Digital Trenches: North Korea's Information Counter-Offensive |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Williams_Digital_Trenches_Web_FINAL.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=George |date=2022 |title=Army of the Indoctrinated: The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hutchinson_KPA_web_0426.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Joshua |date=2022 |title=The Root of All Evil: Money, Rice, Crime & Law in North Korea |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/RoAE_Web_0407.pdf}} === Al'ummar kasa da kasa === * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2006 |title=Failure to Protect: A Call for the UN Security Council to Act in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Failure%20to%20Protect-Call%20for%20UN.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Haggard |first=Stephan |author-link=Stephan Haggard |last2=Noland |first2=Marcus |date=2006 |title=The North Korean Refugee Crisis: Human Rights and International Response |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/The_North_Korean_Refugee_Crisis.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=[[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom|Skadden, Arps, Meagher & Flom LLP]] |date=2007 |title=Legal Strategies for Protecting Human Rights in North Korea |url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Legal_Strategies_for_Protecting_Human_Rights_in_North_Korea.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=DLA Piper LLC |date=2008 |title=Failure to Protect: The Ongoing Challenge of North Korea |url=http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/F2P_North_Korea_9-19-08_English.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Robert |date=2021 |title=South Africa's Apartheid & North Korea's Songbun: Parallels in Crimes Against Humanity |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Apartheid_Songbun_Final.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Hawk |first=David |date=2021 |title=Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Ra |first=Jong-yil |author-link=Ra Jong-yil |date=2022 |title=The Rangoon Bombing Terrorist, Kang Min-chol |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Rangoon_Bombing_Kang_WEB.pdf}} * {{Cite web |last=Scarlatoiu |first=Greg |last2=Ha |first2=Raymond |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunseung |date=2022 |title=North Korean Workers Officially Dispatched to China & Russia: Human Rights Denial, Chain of Command & Control |url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_UN_FINALFINAL_WEB.pdf}} == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Koriya ta Arewa]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} co3i6288s2rsasq3m6twk7gtb36069w 0 115210 824114 707710 2026-04-22T09:44:09Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ibrahim Muhammad''' Said (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2002) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwanƙwasawa na kulob din Firimiya na Scotland Motherwell . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Shekaru na farko === Wani samfurin Dabo Babes Academy a Najeriya, Said ya sami karbuwa ta duniya bayan rawar da ya taka a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-17 ta shekarar 2019. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] === Viborg === Duk da karɓar tayin daga wasu kungiyoyi, ciki har da Club Brugge da İstanbul Başakşehir [1] an ruwaito daga kungiyoyin Ingila Liv[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] Manchester City, [2] ya koma Denmark. Dan shekara 18, wanda kafofin watsa labarai na Najeriya suka bayyana a matsayin Victor Moses na gaba, <ref name="TB290920" /> ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu tare da kungiyar VibViborg FF DanDanish 1st Division 21 ga Oktoba 2021.[3] Bayan 'yan wasa tare da tawagar Viborg ta kasa da shekaru 19, Said ya fara bugawa a hukumance a cikin Danish 1st Division a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 2021, a cikin nasara 4-0 a kan Esbjerg fB. Ya fara a kan benci kafin ya maye gurbin Davit Skhirtladze a minti na 86. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Viborg vs. Esbjerg 4–0: Summary |url=https://nr.soccerway.com/matches/2021/04/16/denmark/1st-division/viborg-ff/esbjerg-fb/3481835/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025212531/https://nr.soccerway.com/matches/2021/04/16/denmark/1st-division/viborg-ff/esbjerg-fb/3481835/ |archive-date=25 October 2021 |access-date=29 September 2024 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> Said ya buga wasanni uku a wannan kakar, ya zira kwallaye daya kuma ya taimaka wa Viborg samun ci gaba zuwa Danish Superliga don kakar 2021-22. Farkonsa a cikin Danish Superliga ya zo ne a kan Nordsjælland a ranar 18 ga Yulin 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nordsjælland vs. Viborg 1–2: Summary |url=https://nr.soccerway.com/matches/2021/07/18/denmark/superliga/fc-nordsjalland/viborg-ff/3510669/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101153638/https://nr.soccerway.com/matches/2021/07/18/denmark/superliga/fc-nordsjalland/viborg-ff/3510669/ |archive-date=1 January 2023 |access-date=29 September 2024 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> Farawa a kakar 2022-23, Said ya buga wasanni na yau da kullun ga Viborg. A ranar 28 ga watan Yulin 2022, a wasan da ya yi da [[FK Sūduva]] a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 2022-23, ya zira kwallaye a minti na farko a matsayin burin daya da ya samu a nasarar 1-0 ga Viborg.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2022 |title=History: Viborg 1-0 Sūduva {{!}} UEFA Conference League 2022/23 |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaconferenceleague/match/2035145/ |access-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Wata daya bayan haka, shi da abokin aikinsa na Viborg [[Alassana Jatta]] ba su iya tafiya zuwa Ingila ba don wasan kwaikwayo na Europa Conference League na kulob din da [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] saboda ka'idojin shigarwa bayan [[Brexit]] ga 'yan kasa da ba na EU ba. Said ya gama kakar wasa tare da kwallaye shida daga wasanni 41. A kakar wasa mai zuwa ya ga 'yan kalilan ga Said gabaɗaya, kuma kawai kwallaye uku. Kocin Viborg Jakob Poulsen bai shiga Said a wasan Superliga da Silkeborg a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 2024 ba saboda keta dokokin tawagar, kodayake Poulsen ya ki yin bayani dalla-dalla.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kristensen |first=Danni |date=6 August 2024 |title=Offensivspiller var udeladt af kamptruppen i Silkeborg: Havde overtrådt interne regler |trans-title=Offensive player was left out of the match squad in Silkeborg: Had violated internal rules |url=https://viborg-folkeblad.dk/viborgff/offensivspiller-var-udeladt-af-kamptruppen-i-silkeborg-havde-overtraadt-interne-regler |access-date=7 July 2025 |website=Viborg Folkeblad |language=da}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, an sauke Said daga jerin Viborg ba tare da wani bayani daga kulob din ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grønborg |first=Matias |date=2 March 2025 |title=Viborg er uden Isak Jensen og Said |trans-title=Viborg is without Isak Jensen and Said |url=https://bold.dk/fodbold/klubber/viborg/nyheder/viborg-er-uden-isak-jensen-og-said |access-date=7 July 2025 |publisher=bold.dk |language=da}}</ref> Gidansa na karshe ga Viborg ya zo ne a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, a cikin asarar 4-1 ga Silkeborg . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2025 |title=Viborg FF vs Silkeborg IF (1-4), 3F Superliga 2025 |url=https://bold.dk/fodbold/kamp/viborg-ff-vs-silkeborg-if/3f-superliga/16174419/kampinfo |access-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=bold.dk |language=da}}</ref> Ya gama kakar wasa tare da wasanni 16, bai iya zira kwallaye ba. === Motherwell === Yayin da Viborg ya fara shirye-shirye don kakar 2025-26, ba a haɗa Said a cikin jerin don wasan sada zumunci da FC Fredericia ba yayin da aka ba shi damar neman sha'awa daga wasu kungiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Christensen |first=Tobias Bundgaard |date=5 July 2025 |title=Udeladt af kamptrup: Viborg FF-spiller kigger efter ny klub |trans-title=Left out of match squad: Viborg FF player is looking for a new club |url=https://viborg-folkeblad.dk/viborgff/udeladt-af-kamptrup-viborg-ff-spiller-kigger-efter-ny-klub |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=Viborg Folkeblad |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grønberg |first=Matias |date=5 July 2025 |title=Ibrahim Said afsøger mulighed for klubskifte |trans-title=Ibrahim Said is exploring the possibility of changing clubs |url=https://bold.dk/fodbold/klubber/viborg/nyheder/ibrahim-said-afsoger-mulighed-for-klubskifte |access-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=bold.dk |language=da}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga watan Yulin 2025, kungiyoyin biyu da ke da hannu sun sanar da canjinsa zuwa kulob din Scotland Motherwell.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2025 |title=Landing Ibrahim Said On A Two-Year Deal |url=https://www.motherwellfc.co.uk/2025/07/11/landing-ibrahim-said-on-a-two-year-deal/ |access-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=Motherwell F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2025 |title=Ibrahim Said solgt til Motherwell FC |trans-title=Ibrahim Said sold to Motherwell FC |url=https://vff.dk/nyhed/sport/15109-ibrahim-said-solgt-til-motherwell-fc |access-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=Viborg FF |language=da}}</ref> Ya shiga kwangilar shekaru biyu, tare da zaɓi na ƙarin shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2025 |title=Well sign 'exciting & versatile' winger Said |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/articles/cj3r27jjze6o |access-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A shekarar 2019, ya shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-17 a Najeriya, inda ya buga dukkan wasannin hudu, kuma ya sanya kansa a bayyane musamman lokacin da ya zira kwallaye a nasarar da tawagar ta samu 3-2 a kan Ecuador. == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Appearances in the [[Danish Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin League{{Efn|Appearances in the [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="6" |Viborg |2020–21 |Danish 1st Division |3 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |1 |- |2021–22 | rowspan="4" |Danish Superliga |19 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1{{Efn|Appearance in the [[2021–22 Danish Superliga#European play-offs|2021–22 Danish Superliga]] European play-offs}} |0 |21 |1 |- |2022–23 |31 |4 |5 |1 | colspan="2" | - |5{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}} |1 |0 |0 |41 |6 |- |2023–24 |29 |3 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |31 |3 |- |2024–25 |14 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |16 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !96 !9 !10 !1 !- !- !5 !1 !1 !0 !112 !11 |- |Motherwell |2025–26 |Firayim Minista na Scotland |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |3 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !97 !9 !10 !1 !2 !0 !5 !1 !1 !0 !115 !11 |} == Daraja == '''Viborg''' * Danish 1st Division: 2020-21 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] <references /> dnqpe39ecwwe7qu98bkyuh80qapvk6k 824115 824114 2026-04-22T09:44:30Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ibrahim Muhammad''' Said (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2002) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwanƙwasawa na kulob din Firimiya na Scotland Motherwell . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Shekaru na farko === Wani samfurin Dabo Babes Academy a Najeriya, Said ya sami karbuwa ta duniya bayan rawar da ya taka a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-17 ta shekarar 2019. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] === Viborg === Duk da karɓar tayin daga wasu kungiyoyi, ciki har da Club Brugge da İstanbul Başakşehir [1] an ruwaito daga kungiyoyin Ingila Liv[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] Manchester City, [2] ya koma Denmark. Dan shekara 18, wanda kafofin watsa labarai na Najeriya suka bayyana a matsayin Victor Moses na gaba, <ref name="TB290920" /> ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu tare da kungiyar VibViborg FF DanDanish 1st Division 21 ga Oktoba 2021.[3] Bayan ƴan wasa tare da tawagar Viborg ta kasa da shekaru 19, Said ya fara bugawa a hukumance a cikin Danish 1st Division a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 2021, a cikin nasara 4-0 a kan Esbjerg fB. Ya fara a kan benci kafin ya maye gurbin Davit Skhirtladze a minti na 86. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Viborg vs. Esbjerg 4–0: Summary |url=https://nr.soccerway.com/matches/2021/04/16/denmark/1st-division/viborg-ff/esbjerg-fb/3481835/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025212531/https://nr.soccerway.com/matches/2021/04/16/denmark/1st-division/viborg-ff/esbjerg-fb/3481835/ |archive-date=25 October 2021 |access-date=29 September 2024 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> Said ya buga wasanni uku a wannan kakar, ya zira kwallaye daya kuma ya taimaka wa Viborg samun ci gaba zuwa Danish Superliga don kakar 2021-22. Farkonsa a cikin Danish Superliga ya zo ne a kan Nordsjælland a ranar 18 ga Yulin 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nordsjælland vs. Viborg 1–2: Summary |url=https://nr.soccerway.com/matches/2021/07/18/denmark/superliga/fc-nordsjalland/viborg-ff/3510669/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101153638/https://nr.soccerway.com/matches/2021/07/18/denmark/superliga/fc-nordsjalland/viborg-ff/3510669/ |archive-date=1 January 2023 |access-date=29 September 2024 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> Farawa a kakar 2022-23, Said ya buga wasanni na yau da kullun ga Viborg. A ranar 28 ga watan Yulin 2022, a wasan da ya yi da [[FK Sūduva]] a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 2022-23, ya zira kwallaye a minti na farko a matsayin burin daya da ya samu a nasarar 1-0 ga Viborg.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2022 |title=History: Viborg 1-0 Sūduva {{!}} UEFA Conference League 2022/23 |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaconferenceleague/match/2035145/ |access-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Wata daya bayan haka, shi da abokin aikinsa na Viborg [[Alassana Jatta]] ba su iya tafiya zuwa Ingila ba don wasan kwaikwayo na Europa Conference League na kulob din da [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] saboda ka'idojin shigarwa bayan [[Brexit]] ga 'yan kasa da ba na EU ba. Said ya gama kakar wasa tare da kwallaye shida daga wasanni 41. A kakar wasa mai zuwa ya ga 'yan kalilan ga Said gabaɗaya, kuma kawai kwallaye uku. Kocin Viborg Jakob Poulsen bai shiga Said a wasan Superliga da Silkeborg a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 2024 ba saboda keta dokokin tawagar, kodayake Poulsen ya ki yin bayani dalla-dalla.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kristensen |first=Danni |date=6 August 2024 |title=Offensivspiller var udeladt af kamptruppen i Silkeborg: Havde overtrådt interne regler |trans-title=Offensive player was left out of the match squad in Silkeborg: Had violated internal rules |url=https://viborg-folkeblad.dk/viborgff/offensivspiller-var-udeladt-af-kamptruppen-i-silkeborg-havde-overtraadt-interne-regler |access-date=7 July 2025 |website=Viborg Folkeblad |language=da}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, an sauke Said daga jerin Viborg ba tare da wani bayani daga kulob din ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grønborg |first=Matias |date=2 March 2025 |title=Viborg er uden Isak Jensen og Said |trans-title=Viborg is without Isak Jensen and Said |url=https://bold.dk/fodbold/klubber/viborg/nyheder/viborg-er-uden-isak-jensen-og-said |access-date=7 July 2025 |publisher=bold.dk |language=da}}</ref> Gidansa na karshe ga Viborg ya zo ne a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, a cikin asarar 4-1 ga Silkeborg . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2025 |title=Viborg FF vs Silkeborg IF (1-4), 3F Superliga 2025 |url=https://bold.dk/fodbold/kamp/viborg-ff-vs-silkeborg-if/3f-superliga/16174419/kampinfo |access-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=bold.dk |language=da}}</ref> Ya gama kakar wasa tare da wasanni 16, bai iya zira kwallaye ba. === Motherwell === Yayin da Viborg ya fara shirye-shirye don kakar 2025-26, ba a haɗa Said a cikin jerin don wasan sada zumunci da FC Fredericia ba yayin da aka ba shi damar neman sha'awa daga wasu kungiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Christensen |first=Tobias Bundgaard |date=5 July 2025 |title=Udeladt af kamptrup: Viborg FF-spiller kigger efter ny klub |trans-title=Left out of match squad: Viborg FF player is looking for a new club |url=https://viborg-folkeblad.dk/viborgff/udeladt-af-kamptrup-viborg-ff-spiller-kigger-efter-ny-klub |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=Viborg Folkeblad |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grønberg |first=Matias |date=5 July 2025 |title=Ibrahim Said afsøger mulighed for klubskifte |trans-title=Ibrahim Said is exploring the possibility of changing clubs |url=https://bold.dk/fodbold/klubber/viborg/nyheder/ibrahim-said-afsoger-mulighed-for-klubskifte |access-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=bold.dk |language=da}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga watan Yulin 2025, kungiyoyin biyu da ke da hannu sun sanar da canjinsa zuwa kulob din Scotland Motherwell.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2025 |title=Landing Ibrahim Said On A Two-Year Deal |url=https://www.motherwellfc.co.uk/2025/07/11/landing-ibrahim-said-on-a-two-year-deal/ |access-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=Motherwell F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2025 |title=Ibrahim Said solgt til Motherwell FC |trans-title=Ibrahim Said sold to Motherwell FC |url=https://vff.dk/nyhed/sport/15109-ibrahim-said-solgt-til-motherwell-fc |access-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=Viborg FF |language=da}}</ref> Ya shiga kwangilar shekaru biyu, tare da zaɓi na ƙarin shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2025 |title=Well sign 'exciting & versatile' winger Said |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/articles/cj3r27jjze6o |access-date=11 July 2025 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A shekarar 2019, ya shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-17 a Najeriya, inda ya buga dukkan wasannin hudu, kuma ya sanya kansa a bayyane musamman lokacin da ya zira kwallaye a nasarar da tawagar ta samu 3-2 a kan Ecuador. == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Appearances in the [[Danish Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin League{{Efn|Appearances in the [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="6" |Viborg |2020–21 |Danish 1st Division |3 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |1 |- |2021–22 | rowspan="4" |Danish Superliga |19 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1{{Efn|Appearance in the [[2021–22 Danish Superliga#European play-offs|2021–22 Danish Superliga]] European play-offs}} |0 |21 |1 |- |2022–23 |31 |4 |5 |1 | colspan="2" | - |5{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}} |1 |0 |0 |41 |6 |- |2023–24 |29 |3 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |31 |3 |- |2024–25 |14 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |16 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !96 !9 !10 !1 !- !- !5 !1 !1 !0 !112 !11 |- |Motherwell |2025–26 |Firayim Minista na Scotland |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |3 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !97 !9 !10 !1 !2 !0 !5 !1 !1 !0 !115 !11 |} == Daraja == '''Viborg''' * Danish 1st Division: 2020-21 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] <references /> t91fxq80uzq2teufmfy9o4f7vguzxr6 0 116182 824006 788324 2026-04-22T08:27:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zaben gwamna na Jihar Plateau na 2019''' a [[Najeriya]] ya faru ne a ranar 9 ga Maris, 2019. Gwamnan APC mai ci Simon Lalong ya sake lashe zaben a karo na biyu, inda ya kayar da PDP Jerry Useni da wasu 'yan takarar jam'iyya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-25 |title=Ganduje, Ortom, Lalong, Tambuwal Re-elected |url=https://leadership.ng/ganduje-ortom-lalong-tambuwal-re-elected/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Leadership Newspaper |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-25 |title=INEC Declares Lalong, Ortom, Tambuwal, Ganduje Reelected |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/03/25/inec-declares-lalong-ortom-tambuwal-ganduje-reelected/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=thisdaylive.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-24 |title=APC's Lalong wins Plateau Governorship Election |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/apcs-lalong-wins-plateau-governorship-election/p5d816c |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-11 |title=Plateau State election declared inconclusive |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/319381-plateau-state-election-declared-inconclusive.html |access-date=2021-03-22 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Simon Lalong ya fito ne a matsayin dan takarar gwamna na APC bayan an dawo da shi a matsayin dan wasan daya tilo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2018 |title=Lalong emerges as Plateau APC gov'ship candidate |url=https://dailytrust.com/lalong-emerges-as-plateau-apc-govship-candidate |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Daily Trust |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-01 |title=Gen. Useni emerges Plateau PDP governorship candidate |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/gen-useni-emerges-plateau-pdp-governoshio-candidate/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pwanagba |first=Agabus |date=2018-10-01 |title=Plateau primaries: Jeremiah Useni emerges PDP governorship candidate, to face Lalong in general elections |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/10/01/plateau-primaries-jeremiah-useni-emerges-pdp-governorship-candidate-face-lalong-general-elections/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-01 |title=Plateau: Five feared dead as violence mars PDP, APC primaries |url=https://punchng.com/plateau-five-feared-dead-as-violence-mars-pdp-apc-primaries/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya zaɓi Sonni Gwanle Tyoden a matsayin abokin aikinsa. Jeremiah Useni shi ne dan takarar PDP tare da Ben Shignugul a matsayin abokin takararsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adegun |first=Aanu |date=2018-10-01 |title=75 year-old Jeremiah Useni emerges as PDP's gubernatorial candidate in Plateau |url=https://www.legit.ng/1195473-75-year-jeremiah-useni-emerges-pdps-gubernatorial-candidate-plateau-state.html |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Legit.ng |language=en |archive-date=2019-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220013252/https://www.legit.ng/1195473-75-year-jeremiah-useni-emerges-pdps-gubernatorial-candidate-plateau-state.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-01 |title=75-year-old Jeremiah Useni Emerges Plateau PDP Governorship Candidate |url=http://saharareporters.com/2018/10/01/75-year-old-jeremiah-useni-emerges-plateau-pdp-governorship-candidate |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-01 |title=PDP: Voting in Benue; Useni wins Plateau |url=https://www.radionigeria.gov.ng/2018/10/01/voting-in-progress-in-benue-useni-wins-plateau/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=FRCN |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="premiumtimesng.com">{{Cite web |date=2018-10-01 |title=Jeremiah Useni emerges Plateau PDP governorship candidate |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/287647-jeremiah-useni-emerges-plateau-pdp-governorship-candidate.html |access-date=2021-03-22 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dada |first=Adekunle |date=2018-10-18 |title=Plateau PDP guber candidate, Sen. Useni picks running mate |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/10/18/plateau-pdp-guber-candidate-sen-useni-picks-running-mate/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=P.M. News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-01 |title=75-year-old Jeremiah Useni wins Plateau PDP governorship primaries |url=https://dailynigerian.com/75-year-old-jeremiah-useni-wins-plateau-pdp-governorship-primaries/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Daily Nigerian |language=en-US}}</ref> 'Yan takara 24 ne suka fafata a zaben.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Plateau State Governorship Election, 2019 |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/PLATEAU-1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125210732/https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/PLATEAU-1.pdf |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=INEC}}</ref> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar Gwamnan Plateau ta amfani da tsarin jefa kuri'a. == Zaben fidda gwani == === Farko na APC === An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani na jam’iyyar APC a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwachukwu |first=John Owen |date=2018-10-31 |title=2019 election: What Buhari told aggrieved APC aspirants at Presidential Villa |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/10/31/2019-election-buhari-told-aggrieved-apc-aspirants-presidential-villa/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinwunmi |title=Governor Ambode Urges Aggrieved Aspirants To Unite For APC's Victory In 2019 – Akinwunmi Ambode |url=https://akinwunmiambode.com/governor-ambode-urges-aggrieved-aspirants-to-unite-for-apcs-victory-in-2019/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-01 |title=2019: Buhari warns aggrieved APC member to beware of looters |url=https://newsgazette.com.ng/2018/11/01/2019-buhari-warns-aggrieved-apc-member-to-beware-of-looters/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=News Gazette |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213053/https://newsgazette.com.ng/2018/11/01/2019-buhari-warns-aggrieved-apc-member-to-beware-of-looters/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nnamdi |first=Onyirioha |date=2018-10-31 |title=Looters with incredible wealth still around - Buhari to aggrieved APC aspirants |url=https://www.legit.ng/1201290-looters-incredible-wealth-buhari-warns-aggrieved-apc-aspirants.html |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Legit.ng |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213728/https://www.legit.ng/1201290-looters-incredible-wealth-buhari-warns-aggrieved-apc-aspirants.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-14 |title=Buhari meets aggrieved APC members of HoR |url=https://guardian.ng/news/buhari-meets-aggrieved-apc-members-of-hor/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=The Guardian Nigeria New |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2019: Aggrieved APC aspirants activate Plan B |url=https://newsexpressngr.com/news/64086-2019-Aggrieved-APC-aspirants-activate-Plan-B |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=News Express Nigeria Website |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213407/https://newsexpressngr.com/news/64086-2019-Aggrieved-APC-aspirants-activate-Plan-B |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-03 |title='How Oshiomhole fooled aggrieved 2019 APC aspirants' |url=https://politicstoday.ng/how-oshiomhole-fooled-aggrieved-apc-aspirants/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Politics Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=Buhari Dines With Aggrieved APC Aspirants |url=http://saharareporters.com/2018/10/31/buhari-dines-aggrieved-apc-aspirants |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=Again, Buhari begs aggrieved aspirants not to abandon APC |url=https://www.thecable.ng/again-buhari-begs-aggrieved-aspirants-not-to-abandon-apc |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=Revealed! What President Buhari told aggrieved APC members during closed door meeting |url=http://ng.dailyadvent.com/politics/2018/10/31/revealed-what-president-buhari-told-aggrieved-apc-members-during-closed-door-meeting/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Daily Advent Nigeria |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213052/http://ng.dailyadvent.com/politics/2018/10/31/revealed-what-president-buhari-told-aggrieved-apc-members-during-closed-door-meeting/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=2019 election: What Buhari told aggrieved APC aspirants at Presidential Villa |url=https://headtopics.com/ng/2019-election-what-buhari-told-aggrieved-apc-aspirants-at-presidential-villa-daily-post-nigeria-2256081 |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Head Topics |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213054/https://headtopics.com/ng/2019-election-what-buhari-told-aggrieved-apc-aspirants-at-presidential-villa-daily-post-nigeria-2256081 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adegun |first=Aanu |date=2018-10-31 |title=2019: Buhari dines with aggrieved APC aspirants |url=https://www.legit.ng/1201203-2019-buhari-dines-aggrieved-apc-aspirants.html |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Legit.ng |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213150/https://www.legit.ng/1201203-2019-buhari-dines-aggrieved-apc-aspirants.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloyede |first=Felix |title=2019: Crises in states threaten APC dominance |url=https://hallmarknews.com/2019-crises-in-states-threaten-apc-dominance/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=hallmarknews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-13 |title=The More 'Talkative' Oshiomhole Talks, The More Crisis Befalls APC – Aggrieved Aspirants |url=https://thewhistler.ng/the-more-talkative-oshiomhole-talks-the-more-crisis-befalls-apc-aggrieved-aspirants/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=The Whistler Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-20 |title=Aggrieved APC Aspirants Seek PMB's Intervention |url=https://platinumpost.ng/2018/10/20/aggrieved-apc-aspirants-seek-pmbs-intervention/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Platinum Post News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=What Buhari Told Aggrieved APC Aspirants |url=https://www.concise.ng/what-buhari-told-aggrieved-apc-aspirants/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Concise News |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603051153/https://www.concise.ng/what-buhari-told-aggrieved-apc-aspirants/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=This Is What Buhari Promised Angry APC Members To Stop Them From Defecting |url=http://ng.dailyadvent.com/politics/2018/10/31/this-is-what-buhari-promised-angry-apc-members-to-stop-them-from-defecting/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Daily Advent Nigeria |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212558/http://ng.dailyadvent.com/politics/2018/10/31/this-is-what-buhari-promised-angry-apc-members-to-stop-them-from-defecting/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=APC Primaries: Submit to party's supremacy, Ambode, Shettima urge aggrieved aspirants in Lagos, Ogun |url=https://encomium.ng/apc-primaries-submit-to-partys-supremacy-ambode-shettima-urge-aggrieved-aspirants-in-lagos-ogun/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chioma |first=Unini |date=2018-10-28 |title=2019: Aggrieved APC govs to meet in Abuja |url=https://thenigerialawyer.com/2019-aggrieved-apc-govs-to-meet-in-abuja/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=TheNigeriaLawyer |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ukwu |first=Jerrywright |date=2018-10-16 |title=2019: Fielding unpopular candidates will affect Buhari - APC aspirants |url=https://www.legit.ng/1198537-fielding-unpopular-candidates-affect-buharis-reelection-bid-aggrieved-apc-aspirants.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213052/https://www.legit.ng/1198537-fielding-unpopular-candidates-affect-buharis-reelection-bid-aggrieved-apc-aspirants.html |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Legit.ng |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=Buhari Dines With Aggrieved APC Aspirants |url=https://www.theimpactnewspaper.com/2018/10/31/buhari-dines-with-aggrieved-apc-aspirants/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=2019: Buhari hosts aggrieved APC aspirants to dinner |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/2019-buhari-hosts-aggrieved-apc-aspirants-to-dinner/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=The Eagle Online |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-30 |title=Live Updates: APC holds governorship primaries in 27 states |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/287367-live-updates-apc-holds-governorship-primaries-in-27-states.html |access-date=2021-05-31 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oshiomhole's Coctail of Troubles |url=https://tell.ng/oshiomholes-coctail-of-troubles%ef%bb%bf/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=tell.ng |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=George |last2=George |date=2018-11-12 |title=2019: Aggrieved APC Aspirants Activate Plan B |url=https://www.tori.ng/news/110501/2019-aggrieved-apc-aspirants-activate-plan-b.html |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Tori.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-03 |title='How Oshiomhole fooled aggrieved APC aspirants' |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/12/how-oshiomhole-fooled-aggrieved-apc-aspirants/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-04 |title=Sagay slams Oshiomhole over threat to punish aggrieved members |url=https://punchng.com/sagay-slams-oshiomhole-over-threat-to-punish-aggrieved-members/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-05 |title=APC releases timetable for 2019 primary elections |url=https://plustvafrica.com/apc-releases-timetable-for-2019-primary-elections/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Plus TV Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214230/https://plustvafrica.com/apc-releases-timetable-for-2019-primary-elections/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-20 |title=APC revises timetable for primary elections Newsdiaryonline |url=https://newsdiaryonline.com/apc-revises-timetable-primary-elections/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Newsdiaryonline |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Simon Bako Lalong|Simon Lalong]] ya lashe zaben fidda gwani bayan an dawo da shi a matsayin dan takara tilo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=2019: Buhari dines with aggrieved APC aspirants |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/2019-buhari-dines-with-aggrieved-apc-aspirants/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-03 |title=2019: When Buhari pacified aggrieved APC members |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/11/2019-when-buhari-pacified-aggrieved-apc-members/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-02 |title=Court Cases: APC NWC Faults Buhari, May Expel Aggrieved Members |url=http://saharareporters.com/2018/12/02/court-cases-apc-nwc-faults-buhari-may-expel-aggrieved-members |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 11, 2018 |title=2019: Aggrieved APC aspirants activate Plan B |url=https://dailytrust.com/2019-aggrieved-apc-aspirants-activate-plan-b |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Daily Trust |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-25 |title=APC Reconciliation: Aggrieved Members Demand Tickets, Appointments, Refund |url=http://saharareporters.com/2018/11/25/apc-reconciliation-aggrieved-members-demand-tickets-appointments-refund |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-19 |title=Aggrieved APC Aspirants seek Buhari's intervention in their plight |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/291400-aggrieved-apc-aspirants-seek-buharis-intervention-in-their-plight.html |access-date=2021-05-31 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-19 |title=Aggrieved APC aspirants seek Buhari's intervention |url=https://punchng.com/aggrieved-apc-aspirants-seek-buharis-intervention/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-30 |title=2019: Buhari hosts aggrieved APC aspirants to dinner at Aso Rock |url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2018/10/30/2019-buhari-hosts-aggrieved-apc-aspirants-to-dinner-at-aso-rock/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=The News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-19 |title=Aggrieved APC Aspirants seek Buhari's intervention |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/10/19/aggrieved-apc-aspirants-seek-buharis-intervention/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=P.M. News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=Why we are still in APC — Aggrieved aspirants |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/10/why-we-are-still-in-apc-aggrieved-aspirants/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-23 |title=APC women aspirants allege marginalisation, threaten protest vote |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/apc-women-aspirants-allege-marginalisation-threaten-protest-vote/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=Buhari dines with aggrieved APC aspirants in Aso Rock |url=https://www.thecable.ng/buhari-hosts-aggrieved-apc-aspirants-in-aso-rock |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aggrieved APC Aspirants seek President Buhari's intervention |url=https://www.nta.ng/news/politics/20181019-aggrieved-apc-aspirants-seek-president-buharis-intervention/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213818/https://www.nta.ng/news/politics/20181019-aggrieved-apc-aspirants-seek-president-buharis-intervention/ |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |access-date=2021-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-23 |title=Aggrieved APC women aspirants threaten protest votes |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/aggrieved-apc-women-aspirants-threaten-protest-votes/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-12 |title=Southwest APC crisis and unending reconciliation |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/southwest-apc-crisis-and-unending-reconciliation/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-07 |title=Parties accuse govs of using incumbency factor to create tension, insecurity, friction |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/parties-accuse-govs-of-using-incumbency-factor-to-create-tension-insecurity-friction/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aggrieved APC women aspirants threaten protest votes |url=https://www.newsheadlines.com.ng/latest-sun-newspapers/2018/10/23/aggrieved-apc-women-aspirants-threaten-protest-votes-the-sun-nigeria/,%20https://sunnewsonline.com/aggrieved-apc-women-aspirants-threaten-protest-votes/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-26 |title=Aggrieved APC women aspirants threaten protest votes |url=https://veracitydesk.com.ng/2018/10/26/aggrieved-apc-women-aspirants-threaten-protest-votes/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Veracity Desk |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213738/https://veracitydesk.com.ng/2018/10/26/aggrieved-apc-women-aspirants-threaten-protest-votes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-13 |title=Aggrieved APC Aspirants: 'The more Oshiomhole talks, the more crisis he creates' |url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/aggrieved-apc-aspirants-the-more-oshiomhole-talks-the-more-crisis-he-creates/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=ripplesnigeria.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-11 |title=2019: Aggrieved APC aspirants activate Plan B |url=https://firstcallnewsonline.com.ng/2019-aggrieved-apc-aspirants-activate-plan-b/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Firstcall News Online |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213128/https://firstcallnewsonline.com.ng/2019-aggrieved-apc-aspirants-activate-plan-b/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=Buhari dines with aggrieved APC aspirants |url=https://www.chronicle.ng/2018/10/buhari-dines-with-aggrieved-apc-aspirants/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212858/https://www.chronicle.ng/2018/10/buhari-dines-with-aggrieved-apc-aspirants/ |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=www.chronicle.ng |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-30 |title=Aggrieved APC aspirants demand refund of primaries expenses |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/aggrieved-apc-aspirants-demand-refund-of-primaries-expenses/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-30 |title=Aggrieved APC Aspirants demand refund of Campaign Expenses |url=https://plustvafrica.com/aggrieved-apc-aspirants-demand-refund-of-campaign-expenses/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Plus TV Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213246/https://plustvafrica.com/aggrieved-apc-aspirants-demand-refund-of-campaign-expenses/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He picked [[Sonni Gwanle Tyoden]] as his running mate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APC Guber Primaries: Lalong, El-Rufai, Adelabu win in Plateau, Kaduna, Oyo |url=https://newsexpressngr.com/news/61646-APC-Guber-Primaries-Lalong-El-Rufai-Adelabu-win-in-Plateau-Kaduna-Oyo |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=News Express Nigeria Website |language=en |archive-date=2022-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121141803/https://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/61646-APC-Guber-Primaries-Lalong-El-Rufai-Adelabu-win-in-Plateau-Kaduna-Oyo |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2018 |title=3, 100 Plateau APC delegates pick Lalong as governorship candidate |url=https://dailytrust.com/3-100-plateau-apc-delegates-pick-lalong-as-governorship-candidate |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Daily Trust |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-01 |title=Tension in parties as more governorship candidates emerge |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/tension-in-parties-as-more-governorship-candidates-emerge/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-01 |title=Lalong returns as sole APC candidate |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/lalong-returns-as-sole-apc-candidate/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeyemi |first=Adeola |date=2018-10-01 |title=Lalong emerges as APC governorship candidate for Plateau |url=https://www.legit.ng/1195471-lalong-emerges-apc-governorship-candidate-plateau.html |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Legit.ng |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-20 |title=APC Reviews Primaries Time Table |url=https://authenticnewsdaily.com/2018/09/20/apc-reviews-primaries-tine-table/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Authentic News Daily |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Opejobi |first=Seun |date=2018-09-19 |title=2019: APC release new timetable for primaries, national convention |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/09/19/breaking-2019-apc-release-new-timetable-primaries-national-convention/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-20 |title=APC: New timetable for primaries |url=https://www.today.ng/news/politics/apc-timetable-primaries-154500 |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-05 |title=APC releases timetable for primaries, fixes prices for nomination forms |url=https://www.thecable.ng/apc-releases-timetable-primaries-fixes-prices-nomination-forms |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=APC reviews timetable, presidential primary now September 25 |url=https://realnewsmagazine.net/apc-reviews-timetable-presidential-primary-now-september-25/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201173840/https://realnewsmagazine.net/apc-reviews-timetable-presidential-primary-now-september-25/ |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Realnews Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=APC revises timetable for primaries |url=https://dailynigerian.com/apc-revises-timetable-for-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Daily Nigerian |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=2019: APC Releases Revised Timetable For Party Primaries |url=https://thewhistler.ng/2019-apc-releases-revised-timetable-for-party-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=The Whistler Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=APC Adjusts Timetable for Primary Elections |url=https://westernpostnigeria.com/apc-adjusts-timetable-for-primary-elections/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Western Post News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-05 |title=Here's APC timetable for primary elections; presidential aspirants to pay N45m |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/2019-polls-heres-apc-timetable-for-primary-elections-presidential-aspirants-to-pay/8zsqnzc |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-18 |title=APC Reschedules Presidential Primary, To Hold Sept. 26 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/09/18/apc-reschedules-presidential-primary-to-hold-sept-26/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=thisdaylive.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-18 |title=APC Releases New Time Table for Primary Elections |url=http://thebossnewspapers.com/2018/09/18/apc-releases-new-time-table-for-primary-elections/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213027/http://thebossnewspapers.com/2018/09/18/apc-releases-new-time-table-for-primary-elections/ |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=TheBoss Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-27 |title=Just In: APC postpones governorship primary |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/286970-just-in-apc-postpones-governorship-primary.html |access-date=2021-05-31 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Obiejesi |first=Kingsley |date=2018-08-23 |title=Fake News: APC says report of its primary election timetable is false |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/fake-news-apc-says-report-of-its-primary-election-timetable-is-false/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=International Centre for Investigative Reporting |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=APC reviews timetable, presidential primary now September 25 |url=https://punchng.com/apc-reviews-timetable-presidential-primary-now-september-25/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=APC changes timetable, moves presidential primary election to Sept. 25 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/apc-adopts-news-timetable-changes-presidential-primary-election-date-to-sept-25/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-23 |title=APC quashes primaries timetable rumours |url=https://guardian.ng/news/apc-quashes-primaries-timetable-rumours-yet-to-announce-official-timetable/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=Breaking: APC Alters Timetable For Primaries Nationwide |url=http://saharareporters.com/2018/09/19/breaking-apc-alters-timetable-primaries-nationwide |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=Just In: APC Releases Timetable For Primary Elections Nationwide » Naija News 247 |url=https://www.ngnews247.com/just-in-apc-releases-timetable-for-primary-elections-nationwide/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Naija News 247 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=APC Releases Timetable For Primaries, Presidential Aspirants To Pay N45m |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2018/09/05/presidential-aspirants-to-pay-n45m-as-apc-releases-timetable-for-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Channels Television}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=APC Fixes New Date For Presidential, Governorship Primaries |url=https://www.concise.ng/apc-fixes-new-date-for-presidential-governorship-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Concise News |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214928/https://www.concise.ng/apc-fixes-new-date-for-presidential-governorship-primaries/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-21 |title=APC changes date for presidential primary election |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/apc-changes-date-for-presidential-primary-election/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=APC Alters Timetable For Primaries Nationwide |url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/apc-alters-timetable-for-primaries-nationwide/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-27 |title=APC shifts governorship primary to Sept 30 |url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-shifts-governorship-primary-to-sept-30/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-04 |title=2019: APC releases timetable; presidential aspirants to pay N45m, governorship N22.5m |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/282541-2019-apc-releases-timetable-presidential-aspirants-to-pay-n45m-governorship-n22-5m.html |access-date=2021-05-31 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=#2019Elections: APC Releases Timetable for Primaries |url=https://www.proshareng.com/news/Politics/-2019Elections--APC-Releases-Timetable-for-Primaries/41688 |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=#2019Elections: APC Releases Timetable for Primaries |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-01 |title=Intrigues trail APC governorship primaries |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/10/intrigues-trail-apc-governorship-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-07 |title=Buhari begs losers of APC primaries not to abandon party |url=https://punchng.com/buhari-begs-losers-of-apc-primaries-not-to-abandon-party/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-20 |title=APC primaries: radicalism meets intransigence |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/apc-primaries-radicalism-meets-intransigence/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-28 |title=Uncertainty over APC primaries |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/uncertainty-over-apc-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 5, 2018 |title=See Confirmed Time Table For APC Primaries (Photo) |url=https://www.naijanews.com/2018/09/05/the-national-working-committee-nwc-of-the-all-progressive-congress-apc-have-released-the-timetable-for-its-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=www.naijanews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-06 |title=Nigeria: Ruling APC coalition on the brink of collapse? |url=https://www.dw.com/en/nigeria-ruling-apc-coalition-on-the-brink-of-collapse/a-44100788 |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=dw.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> === PDP na farko === An gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na PDP a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-01 |title=2019: Intra-party tensions, as more PDP, APC candidates emerge |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/10/2019-intra-party-tensions-as-more-pdp-apc-candidates-emerge/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-25 |title=Battle for governorship seats heats up in States |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/battle-for-governorship-seats-heats-up-in-states/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-11 |title=2019 Poll: Who wears the cap in PDP? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/2019-poll-who-wears-the-cap-in-pdp/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 13, 2018 |title=Governorship contests that will shake 2019 |url=https://dailytrust.com/governorship-contests-that-will-shake-2019 |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Daily Trust |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2018 |title=2019's new godfathers emerge |url=https://dailytrust.com/2019s-new-godfathers-emerge |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Daily Trust |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-31 |title=2019: Jonathan says PDP's primary election will be free, fair |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/2019-jonathan-says-pdps-primary-election-will-be-free-fair/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Jeremiah Useni|Jerry Useni]] ya lashe zaben fidda gwani da kuri'u 1,018 a kan wasu 'yan takara 12. Abokin hamayyarsa mafi kusa shi ne Johnbull Shekarau, wanda ya zo na biyu tare da kuri'u 340. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-02 |title=Governorship primaries: Useni, Lalong, Mohammed, Badaru, Adelabu win |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/gubernatorial-primaries-useni-lalong-mohammed-badaru-adelabu-win/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="premiumtimesng.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-02 |title=APC, PDP gov candidates emerge in Jos, Kaduna, Adamawa, Nasarawa, Benue |url=https://punchng.com/apc-pdp-gov-candidates-emerge-in-jos-kaduna-adamawa-nasarawa-benue/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Taiwo-Sidiq |first=Temidayo |date=2018-10-01 |title=ICYMI: 75-year old former Minister, Useni emerges as PDP guber candidate for Plateau » YNaija |url=https://naija.yafri.ca/icymi-75-year-old-former-minister-useni-emerges-as-pdp-guber-candidate-for-plateau/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-01 |title=75 year-old Jeremiah Useni emerges Plateau PDP governorship candidate |url=https://www.herald.ng/75-year-old-jeremiah-useni-emerges-plateau-pdp-governorship-candidate/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002124130/https://www.herald.ng/75-year-old-jeremiah-useni-emerges-plateau-pdp-governorship-candidate/ |archive-date=October 2, 2018 |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Herald |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya zaɓi Ben Shignugul a matsayin abokin takararsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-18 |title=Plateau 2019: Controversy as Jeremiah Useni names different running mate |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/291166-plateau-2019-controversy-as-jeremiah-useni-names-different-running-mate.html |access-date=2021-03-22 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-02 |title=Choice of deputy for Useni rattles Plateau PDP |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/choice-of-deputy-for-useni-rattles-plateau-pdp/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-23 |title=Plateau: Choice of gov running mate tears PDP apart |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/10/plateau-choice-of-gov-running-mate-tears-pdp-apart/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-19 |title=Fresh crisis hits Plateau PDP over Useni's running mate |url=https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/fresh-crisis-hits-plateau-pdp-over-usenis-running-mate/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=ripplesnigeria.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-19 |title=Fresh crisis hits Plateau PDP over Useni's running mate |url=https://punchng.com/fresh-crisis-hits-plateau-pdp-over-usenis-running-mate/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-17 |title=Plateau PDP governorship candidate picks running mate |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/plateau-pdp-governorship-candidate-picks-running-mate/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=The Eagle Online |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Odinaka |last2=Odinaka |date=2018-09-12 |title=2019: PDP Announces New Dates For Presidential, NASS & Governorship Primary Elections (Full Timetable) |url=https://www.tori.ng/news/105957/2019-pdp-announces-new-dates-for-presidential-nass.html |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Tori.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-11 |title=2019 election: PDP readjusts dates for NASS, governorship primaries |url=https://punchng.com/2019-election-pdp-readjusts-dates-for-nass-governorship-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-11 |title=2019: PDP readjusts dates for NASS, guber primaries |url=https://guardian.ng/news/2019-pdp-readjusts-dates-for-nass-guber-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-11 |title=2019: PDP readjusts dates for NASS, guber primaries |url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2018/09/11/2019-pdp-readjusts-dates-for-nass-guber-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=The News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-11 |title=2019: PDP readjusts dates for NASS, guber primaries |url=https://sundiatapost.com/2019-pdp-readjusts-dates-for-nass-guber-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=SundiataPost |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-11 |title=2019: PDP readjusts dates for NASS, guber primaries |url=https://dailynigerian.com/2019-pdp-readjusts-dates-for-nass-guber-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Daily Nigerian |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PDP Extends Deadline For Sale Of Forms, New Dates For NASS, Guber Primaries |url=https://independent.ng/pdp-extends-deadline-for-sale-of-forms-new-dates-for-nass-guber-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-12 |title=2019: PDP extends dates of NASS, guber primaries |url=http://www.politico.ng/2019-pdp-extends-dates-of-nass-guber-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-31 |website=Politico |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212546/http://www.politico.ng/2019-pdp-extends-dates-of-nass-guber-primaries/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sakamako == Adadin 'yan takara 24 da suka yi rajista tare da [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta]] don yin takara a zaben. <ref name=":0"/> Adadin masu jefa kuri'a da aka yi rajista a jihar ya kai 2,480,455, yayin da aka amince da masu jefa kuriʼa 1,157,025. Adadin kuri'un da aka jefa ya kasance 1,176,142, yayin da yawan kuri'un inganci ya kasance 1,159,954. Kayan kuri'un da aka ƙi sun kasance 16,188.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-24 |title=Governor Lalong re-elected |url=https://www.radionigeria.gov.ng/2019/03/24/governor-lalong-re-elected/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=FRCN |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunday |first=Philips |date=2019-03-13 |title=Breakdown Of States Governorship Election Results From All LGAs |url=https://www.naijanews.com/2019/03/13/breakdown-of-states-governorship-election-results-from-all-lgas/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Naija News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2019 |title=Breaking: INEC declares Plateau guber poll inconclusive |url=https://dailytrust.com/breaking-inec-declares-plateau-guber-poll-inconclusive |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Daily Trust |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-26 |title=The Politics of Lalong's Re-election |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/03/26/the-politics-of-lalongs-re-election/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=thisdaylive.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-11 |title=INEC declares Plateau governorship election inconclusive |url=http://election.punchng.com/inec-declares-plateau-governorship-election-inconclusive/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Punch Elections 2019 |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124061811/https://election.punchng.com/inec-declares-plateau-governorship-election-inconclusive/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Ugbodaga">{{Cite web |last=Ugbodaga |first=Kazeem |date=2019-03-24 |title=Lalong wins Plateau Governorship election |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/03/24/lalong-wins-plateau-governorship-election/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=P.M. News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-28 |title=Plateau 2019: Gov Lalong's Walk To Victory |url=https://leadership.ng/plateau-2019-gov-lalongs-walk-to-victory/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Leadership Newspaper |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-11 |title=Updated: INEC declares Plateau governorship poll inconclusive |url=https://punchng.com/breaking-inec-declares-plateau-governorship-poll-inconclusive/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ta hanyar karamar hukuma === Ga sakamakon zaben da karamar hukuma ta yi wa manyan jam'iyyun biyu. Jimlar kuri'un da suka dace na 1,159,954 suna wakiltar jam'iyyun siyasa 24 da suka shiga zaben. <span style="background:#87BEEB">Blue</span> yana wakiltar LGAs wanda Simon Lalong ya lashe. <span style="background:#90EE90">Green</span> yana wakiltar LGAs wanda Jeremiah Useni ya lashe.<ref name="Ugbodaga"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2019 |title=Breaking: Governor Lalong reelected for second term in Plateau |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/breaking-governor-lalong-reelected-for-second-term-in-plateau/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064419/https://tribuneonlineng.com/breaking-governor-lalong-reelected-for-second-term-in-plateau/ |archive-date=March 3, 2020 |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=tribuneonlineng.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-24 |title=Just in: Gov Lalong wins re-election for second term as Plateau governor |url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2019/03/24/just-in-gov-lalong-wins-re-election-for-second-term-as-plateau-governor/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |website=The News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-24 |title=Updated: INEC declares APC's Lalong Plateau governor-elect |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/321984-updated-inec-declares-apcs-lalong-plateau-governor-elect.html |access-date=2021-03-22 |language=en-GB}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style=" font-size: 95%" ! rowspan="2" |LGA ! colspan="2" |Simon Lalong APC ! colspan="2" |Irmiya Useni PDP !Jimillar kuri'u |- !# !% !# !% !# |- | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |[[Jos ta Gabas|Jos Gabas]] | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |'''18,602''' | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |7,994 | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |[[Kanke (Nijeriya)|Kanke]] | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |'''23,360''' | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |22,831 | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |[[Langtang ta Arewa]] | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |18,979 | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |'''40,519''' | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |[[Barkin Ladi]] | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |17,080 | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |'''44,529''' | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |[[Bokkos]] | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |'''27,561''' | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |26,700 | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |[[Bassa (Plateau)|Bassa]] | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |30,441 | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |'''33,192''' | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |[[Langtang ta Kudu]] | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |14,470 | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |'''18,868''' | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |[[Pankshin]] | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |'''36,215''' | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |24,939 | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |[[Mikang]] | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |'''15,150''' | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |11,703 | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |[[Kanam (Nijeriya)|Kanam]] | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |'''55,338''' | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |22,432 | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |[[Jos ta Kudu]] | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |33,475 | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |'''91,846''' | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |[[Jos ta Arewa|Jos Arewa]] | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |'''109,161''' | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |14,290 | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |[[Wase|Rashin Rashin Ruwa]] | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |'''37,593''' | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |27,485 | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |[[Mangu (Nijeriya)|Mangu]] | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |'''51,895''' | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |43,555 | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |[[Riyom]] | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |12,720 | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" |'''24,017''' | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | | align="center" bgcolor="#90EE90" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |[[Qua'an Pan]] | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |'''31,962''' | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |20,939 | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | |- | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |[[Shendam]] | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |'''61,798''' | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" |17,115 | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | | align="center" bgcolor="#87BEEB" | |- !Cikakken !'''595,582''' ! !'''546,813''' ! !1,159,954 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} j4uukmuvoz2wwbt556q9cq3glc0b8ll 0 116733 823771 791321 2026-04-21T16:16:55Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 823771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Fredy Antonio Nasser Selman (an haife shi 4 Yuni 1956) <ref name=":0">(in Spanish) fredynasser.com, Perfil Fredy Nasser Archived 2016-03-10 at the Wayback Machine</ref> ɗan kasuwa ne na Honduras, shugaban rukunin Terra (Grupo Terra). Ƙungiyar ta haɗa da Petroleos de Honduras (Hondupetrol) da Interairports. Daga shekarar 2001 zuwa 2006 kungiyar ta kashe sama da dala miliyan 300.<ref name=":1">(in Spanish) empresarioslatinoamericanos.com, Fredy Nasser Selman</ref> Wani bincike da Gidauniyar Friedrich Ebert ta yi a shekara ta 2006 mai suna Nasser daya daga cikin “mafi karfin mazaje a Honduras” (tare da “Maganin makamashi Schucry Kafie, da ma’aikacin banki da masana’antu Jaime Rosenthal”)<ref>Thelma Mejía, Inter Press Service, 15 December 2006, HONDURAS: Governed by Vested Interests</ref> Nasser ya kammala karatun digiri ne a fannin gine-gine na Jami'ar Texas A&M.<ref name=":0" /> Shi ɗan'uwan Maria del Carmen Nasser ne, an naɗa jakada a Chile, <ref>"New Honduras Ambassador to Chile". 28 August 2010.</ref> <ref>"minrel.gob.cl" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-10. Retrieved 2012-10-17.</ref> kuma surukin Miguel Facussé Barjum.<ref name=":1" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1956]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 6nqd9m4z1t2haqmu3ukr1ax93svld9s 0 117335 823865 718793 2026-04-21T22:56:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Sakumo Ramsar Site wanda aka fi sani da '''[[Sakumono Lagoon|Sakumo Lagoon]]''' wuri ne mai laushi na muhimmancin duniya. Ya mamaye yanki na hekta 1,400 (acre {{Convert|3|km}},500) kuma yana kan hanyar bakin teku tsakanin [[Accra]] da Tema a cikin Babban Yankin Accra na [[Ghana]]. Yana da kimanin kilomita 3 (1.9 yammacin Tema.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sakumo Ramsar Site {{!}} Clearing House mechanism of Ghana |url=http://gh.chm-cbd.net/biodiversity/faunal-diversity-ghana/-situ-conservation-2/ramsar-sites/sakumo-ramsar-site |access-date=2019-05-18 |website=gh.chm-cbd.net }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ayyukan da ke gudana a cikin shafin sun haɗa da noma, kamun kifi, nishaɗi, ci gaban birane da masana'antu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sakumo Ramsar Site {{!}} Clearing House mechanism of Ghana |url=http://gh.chm-cbd.net/biodiversity/faunal-diversity-ghana/-situ-conservation-2/ramsar-sites/sakumo-ramsar-site |access-date=2019-05-18 |website=gh.chm-cbd.net }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Gidan Ramsar == An gabatar da wuraren rafi na Sakumo a matsayin Ramsar Site a 1987. A shekara ta 1992 an buga shi a matsayin Ramsar Site wanda a lokacin da aka yi amfani da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin da aka gabatar don ci gaban sulhu. == Lagoon == Girman tafkin da aka bude ya bambanta daga hekta 100-350 (250-860 acres) dangane da kakar. A lokacin ruwan sama yana fadada, kuma yana raguwa a lokacin fari. Babban bangare na tafkin ya bushe a lokacin fari, wanda ke haifar da yanayin gishiri. An raba tafkin daga teku ta hanyar hanya mai zurfi, wanda ke haɗa Accra da Tema. An kafa karamin haɗin dindindin zuwa teku ta hanyar budewa, wanda aka gina don hana ambaliyar hanyar bakin teku, kamar yadda ya faru a baya. === Tsire-tsire === Yankin ambaliyar ruwa yana cike da ruwa lokaci-lokaci, kuma yankunan ambaliyar ba su da ciyayi. Har ila yau, akwai yankunan marsh na ruwa mai laushi da kuma gandun daji na bakin teku, wanda ya kunshi ''Sesuvium portulacastrum'' tare da nau'ikan ciyawa daban-daban. Amfani da ƙasa a cikin tafkin ya haɗa da shinkafa, cassava, da noman kayan lambu. === Dabbobi === ==== Kifi ==== Tafkin yana da km2 sq surface area, kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin rabin rufe saboda dindindin, amma iyakantaccen hulɗa tare da teku. An samo nau'ikan kifi goma sha shida ko jinsuna a cikin tafkin, kuma ana iya haɗa su cikin manyan rukunoni huɗu kamar haka: ==== Tsuntsaye ==== Rubuce-rubucen da suka gabata sun yi rajista sama da nau'in tsuntsaye na ruwa saba'in a shafin, tare da kimanin tsuntsaye 30,000.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Birdlife Data Zone |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6345 |access-date=2014-05-28 |publisher=Birdlife.org}}</ref> Nau'o'in da aka saba da su sune na yau da kullun, baƙar fata, ƙaramin egret, Yammacin Reef Heron, na yau da kullun, Sandwich tern da kuma redshank. Wasu tsuntsayen ruwa masu kiwo sun hada da collared pratincole, Kittlitz's plover da little tern. Black heron an dauke shi mai tsarki kuma an kare shi ta hanyar taboos na gida. An sanya shafin a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International saboda yana tallafawa yawan jama'a na nau'ikan tsuntsaye da yawa.<ref name="bli">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024 |title=Sakumo Lagoon Ramsar Site and vicinity |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/sakumo-lagoon-ramsar-site-and-vicinity-iba-ghana |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=BirdLife Data Zone |publisher=BirdLife International}}</ref> ==== Turtle na ruwa ==== Nau'o'in tururuwan ruwa waɗanda a baya aka rubuta su a kan rairayin bakin teku sune ridley na zaitun, kore da tururuwan teku. == Matsalar Karewa == Yankin da aka tsara a shekarar 1992, a halin yanzu yana da sassan da masu haɓaka ƙasa suka karɓa (birane da masana'antu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sakumo Ramsar site committee inaugurated to check encroachment |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Sakumo-Ramsar-site-committee-inaugurated-to-check-encroachment-558508 |access-date=2019-05-18 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-24 |title=Wetlands threatened as estate developers invade Sakumono Ramsar Site |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/wetlands-threatened-as-estate-developers-invade-sakumono-ramsar-site.html |access-date=2019-05-18 |website=www.graphic.com.gh}}</ref> Yankin da ke kewaye da shi yana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman girman girma a cikin yankin bakin teku. Rashin ruwa da sharar gida daga tafkin suma suna barazana ga tafkin. Yaduwar birni ya ci gaba, kuma idan ba a dakatar da shi ba za a lalata duk wurin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=Forestry Commission to demolish illegal structures at Sakumono Ramsar site |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/forestry-commission-to-demolish-illegal-structures-at-sakumono-ramsar-site.html |access-date=2019-05-18 |website=www.graphic.com.gh}}</ref> Yankin yana da babban nishaɗi da ilimi ko ƙimar bincike a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wuraren kore da aka bari a cikin Babban Birnin Accra-Tema. 'Yan asalin Tema, New Town suna ɗaukar tafkin a matsayin abin sha'awa. A lokacin fari (Agusta zuwa Maris), mafi girman ɓangaren tafkin ya bushe. Yankin yana mamayewa da shanu da ke kiwo a lokacin fari, da kuma masu haɓaka ƙasa waɗanda ke gina kusa da shafin - wanda mallakar gwamnati ce kuma bai kamata kowane mai haɓaka ya yi amfani da shi ba. Akwai Tsarin Kula da Biodiversity da Ci gaban Al'umma na Gida don gyara yankunan da suka lalace da kuma kiyaye bambancin halittu a cikin Sakumo Ramsar Site. == Gyara shafin == .Sashen namun daji na [[Forestry Commission (Ghana)|Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka]] shine hukumar gwamnati da ke da alhakin yankin. Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Ghana da Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun fara aikin gandun daji na dasa bishiyoyi a yankin da ke da ruwa, ta amfani da ruwan da aka tsabtace a matsayin hanyar sake gina gandun daji da kiyaye wuraren da suka lalace. Sauran su ne Sakumo Ramsar Conservation and Resource Users Association da kuma Abokan Ramsar Sites. Al'ummomin da ke kewaye da su kamar su Klagon, [[Sakumono]] da [[Nungua]] suna kare shafin [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==Manazarta== 2n48kc3aidaj07h546peenxtsv8z537 3 118705 823637 726097 2026-04-21T15:09:38Z Qədir 31490 Qədir moved page [[Tattaunawar user:가웨인]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Arçil xan Günəşsoylu]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/가웨인|가웨인]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Arçil xan Günəşsoylu|Arçil xan Günəşsoylu]]" 726097 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 가웨인! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/가웨인|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 23 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) c2zzlkrlo2djin9sot5g7tpeq06qmtq 0 119036 823682 727301 2026-04-21T15:40:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 823682 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Denis Nikolayevich Boytsov''' ( Russian ; haifaffen 14 Fabrairu 1986) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan dambe ne na ƙasar Rasha wanda ya yi takara daga 2004 zuwa 2015. WBO European Champion (2009). == Tarihin Rayuwa == Denis Boytsov aka haife Fabrairu 14, 1986 a Oryol . <ref name="sovsport">{{Cite web |date= |title=5 самых лучших боев Дениса Бойцова (видео) |url=https://www.sovsport.ru/boxing/articles/684875-5-samyh-luchshih-boev-denisa-bojcova-video |access-date=2025-07-31 |publisher=sovsport.ru}}</ref> === Amateur aiki === Boytsov ya sami kyakkyawan aiki na mai son, gami da abubuwan da suka cim ma: * '''2001''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cadet a Light Middleweight a [[Baku]], Azerbaijan. * '''2002''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cadet a Heavyweight a Kecskemet, Hungary. * '''2004''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya na Junior a Superheavyweight a Jeju, Koriya ta Kudu. Rikodinsa shine 115-15. Boytsov ya juya pro a cikin 2004 a Jamus kuma ya ci nasara a karo na 20 na farko tare da 18 KO. Daga baya abokan hamayyarsa sun hada da Vincent Maddalone da Isra'ila Carlos Garcia. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] e4g1a1taqmmfl855qae2ui4bpdk5f2d 823683 823682 2026-04-21T15:41:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 823683 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Denis Nikolayevich Boytsov''' ( Russian ; haifaffen 14 Fabrairu 1986) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan dambe ne na ƙasar Rasha wanda ya yi takara daga 2004 zuwa 2015. WBO European Champion (2009). == Tarihin Rayuwa == Denis Boytsov aka haife Fabrairu 14, 1986 a Oryol.<ref name="sovsport">{{Cite web |date= |title=5 самых лучших боев Дениса Бойцова (видео) |url=https://www.sovsport.ru/boxing/articles/684875-5-samyh-luchshih-boev-denisa-bojcova-video |access-date=2025-07-31 |publisher=sovsport.ru}}</ref> === Amateur aiki === Boytsov ya sami kyakkyawan aiki na mai son, gami da abubuwan da suka cim ma: * '''2001''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cadet a Light Middleweight a [[Baku]], Azerbaijan. * '''2002''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cadet a Heavyweight a Kecskemet, Hungary. * '''2004''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya na Junior a Superheavyweight a Jeju, Koriya ta Kudu. Rikodinsa shine 115-15. Boytsov ya juya pro a cikin 2004 a Jamus kuma ya ci nasara a karo na 20 na farko tare da 18 KO. Daga baya abokan hamayyarsa sun hada da Vincent Maddalone da Isra'ila Carlos Garcia. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] b6hqqoe7tmn5awib4e5ss0drsuuzue0 823684 823683 2026-04-21T15:41:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 823684 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Denis Nikolayevich Boytsov''' ( Russian; haifaffen 14 Fabrairu 1986) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan dambe ne na ƙasar Rasha wanda ya yi takara daga 2004 zuwa 2015. WBO European Champion (2009). == Tarihin Rayuwa == Denis Boytsov aka haife Fabrairu 14, 1986 a Oryol.<ref name="sovsport">{{Cite web |date= |title=5 самых лучших боев Дениса Бойцова (видео) |url=https://www.sovsport.ru/boxing/articles/684875-5-samyh-luchshih-boev-denisa-bojcova-video |access-date=2025-07-31 |publisher=sovsport.ru}}</ref> === Amateur aiki === Boytsov ya sami kyakkyawan aiki na mai son, gami da abubuwan da suka cim ma: * '''2001''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cadet a Light Middleweight a [[Baku]], Azerbaijan. * '''2002''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cadet a Heavyweight a Kecskemet, Hungary. * '''2004''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya na Junior a Superheavyweight a Jeju, Koriya ta Kudu. Rikodinsa shine 115-15. Boytsov ya juya pro a cikin 2004 a Jamus kuma ya ci nasara a karo na 20 na farko tare da 18 KO. Daga baya abokan hamayyarsa sun hada da Vincent Maddalone da Isra'ila Carlos Garcia. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] evb20sgeq9qa5qbxk2y4i6x7pfsid4q 823685 823684 2026-04-21T15:41:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 823685 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Denis Nikolayevich Boytsov''' (Russian; haifaffen 14 Fabrairu 1986) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan dambe ne na ƙasar Rasha wanda ya yi takara daga 2004 zuwa 2015. WBO European Champion (2009). == Tarihin Rayuwa == Denis Boytsov aka haife Fabrairu 14, 1986 a Oryol.<ref name="sovsport">{{Cite web |date= |title=5 самых лучших боев Дениса Бойцова (видео) |url=https://www.sovsport.ru/boxing/articles/684875-5-samyh-luchshih-boev-denisa-bojcova-video |access-date=2025-07-31 |publisher=sovsport.ru}}</ref> === Amateur aiki === Boytsov ya sami kyakkyawan aiki na mai son, gami da abubuwan da suka cim ma: * '''2001''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cadet a Light Middleweight a [[Baku]], Azerbaijan. * '''2002''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cadet a Heavyweight a Kecskemet, Hungary. * '''2004''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya na Junior a Superheavyweight a Jeju, Koriya ta Kudu. Rikodinsa shine 115-15. Boytsov ya juya pro a cikin 2004 a Jamus kuma ya ci nasara a karo na 20 na farko tare da 18 KO. Daga baya abokan hamayyarsa sun hada da Vincent Maddalone da Isra'ila Carlos Garcia. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] g2xuhmq8epbvnc6i6vij52zea146d46 823686 823685 2026-04-21T15:41:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 823686 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Denis Nikolayevich Boytsov''' (Russian; haifaffen 14 Fabrairu 1986) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan dambe ne na ƙasar Rasha wanda ya yi takara daga 2004 zuwa 2015. WBO European Champion (2009). == Tarihin Rayuwa == Denis Boytsov aka haife Fabrairu 14, 1986 a Oryol.<ref name="sovsport">{{Cite web |date= |title=5 самых лучших боев Дениса Бойцова (видео) |url=https://www.sovsport.ru/boxing/articles/684875-5-samyh-luchshih-boev-denisa-bojcova-video |access-date=2025-07-31 |publisher=sovsport.ru}}</ref> === Amateur aiki === Boytsov ya sami kyakkyawan aiki na mai son, gami da abubuwan da suka cim ma: * '''2001''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cadet a Light Middleweight a [[Baku]], Azerbaijan. * '''2002''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cadet a Heavyweight a Kecskemet, Hungary. * '''2004''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya na Junior a Superheavyweight a Jeju, Koriya ta Kudu. Rikodinsa shine 115-15. Boytsov ya juya pro a cikin 2004 a [[Jamus]] kuma ya ci nasara a karo na 20 na farko tare da 18 KO. Daga baya abokan hamayyarsa sun hada da Vincent Maddalone da Isra'ila Carlos Garcia. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] arxbknmou1bgweiqq8limynkmy5hf4z 823687 823686 2026-04-21T15:42:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 823687 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Denis Nikolayevich Boytsov''' (Russian; haifaffen 14 Fabrairu 1986) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan dambe ne na ƙasar Rasha wanda ya yi takara daga 2004 zuwa 2015. WBO European Champion (2009). == Tarihin Rayuwa == Denis Boytsov aka haife Fabrairu 14, 1986 a Oryol.<ref name="sovsport">{{Cite web |date= |title=5 самых лучших боев Дениса Бойцова (видео) |url=https://www.sovsport.ru/boxing/articles/684875-5-samyh-luchshih-boev-denisa-bojcova-video |access-date=2025-07-31 |publisher=sovsport.ru}}</ref> === Amateur aiki === Boytsov ya sami kyakkyawan aiki na mai son, gami da abubuwan da suka cim ma: * '''2001''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cadet a Light Middleweight a [[Baku]], Azerbaijan. * '''2002''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cadet a Heavyweight a Kecskemet, Hungary. * '''2004''' ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya na Junior a Superheavyweight a Jeju, Koriya ta Kudu. Rikodinsa shine 115-15. Boytsov ya juya pro a cikin 2004 a [[Jamus]] kuma ya ci nasara a karo na 20 na farko tare da 18 KO. Daga baya abokan hamayyarsa sun hada da Vincent Maddalone da Isra'ila Carlos Garcia. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] m82asmpogc2ua7fu99udn7yks8mpten 0 120860 824039 736898 2026-04-22T08:43:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 824039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matías Recalt''' (an haife shi 14 Satumba 2001) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Argentine. Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin fim ɗin 2023 ''Society of the Snow'' . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Matías Recalt a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2001. <ref name="altuna2">{{Cite web |last=Altuna |first=Gianella |date=18 January 2024 |title=Interpretó al amigo de Tevez: quién es Matías Recalt, el actor de “La sociedad de la nieve” |url=https://mag.elcomercio.pe/fama/quien-es-matias-recalt-el-actor-que-hace-de-roberto-canessa-en-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve-biografia-carrera-y-fotos-pelicula-de-netflix-nnda-nnlt-noticia/ |website=mag |via=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> Ya girma a [[Ingeniero Maschwitz]], lardin Buenos Aires. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=“Soy el mismo de siempre, no cambié por estar en Netflix” |url=https://www.dia32.com.ar/soy-el-mismo-de-siempre-no-cambie-por-estar-en-netflix/ |website=Día 32}}</ref> Ya fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin ''[[Apache: The Life of Carlos Tevez|Apache na 2019: Rayuwar Carlos Tevez]]'', yana nuna abokin [[Carlos Tévez]] [[Danilo Asprilla|Danilo]]. <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''[[Argentina, tierra de amor y venganza]]'' (2019) da kuma ''{{Interlanguage link|Planners (TV series)|es|Planners}}'' (2023). <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya sauko da babban allo na farko a ''{{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}}'' (2019). <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Dos argentinos se destacan en Netflix, de la mano de la película española |url=https://www.sanjuan8.com/espectaculos/dos-argentinos-se-destacan-netflix-la-mano-la-pelicula-espanola-n1274411 |website=San Juan 8}}</ref> Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na [[Roberto Canessa|Roberto Canesa]] a cikin ''[[Society of the Snow]]'' (2023), <ref name="altuna2" /> wanda kuma ya sami [[Goya Award for Best New Actor|lambar yabo ta Goya don Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor]] . == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Take ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | {{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}} | Primo | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2024/01/16/donde-ver-los-trabajos-de-matias-recalt-el-actor-de-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve/|website=[[La Tercera]]|first=Constanza|last=Moncada M.|date=16 January 2024|title=Dónde ver los trabajos de Matías Recalt, el actor de La sociedad de la nieve}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row" | 2023 | ''Al'ummar Dusar ƙanƙara'' | Roberto Cansa | |{{Center|<ref name="clarin" />}} |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fv5l17h0jajk3x0afb82y3h5hlm0axy 824040 824039 2026-04-22T08:43:35Z Pharouqenr 25549 824040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matías Recalt''' (an haife shi 14 Satumba 2001) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Argentine. Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin fim ɗin 2023 ''Society of the Snow'' . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Matías Recalt a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2001. <ref name="altuna2">{{Cite web |last=Altuna |first=Gianella |date=18 January 2024 |title=Interpretó al amigo de Tevez: quién es Matías Recalt, el actor de “La sociedad de la nieve” |url=https://mag.elcomercio.pe/fama/quien-es-matias-recalt-el-actor-que-hace-de-roberto-canessa-en-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve-biografia-carrera-y-fotos-pelicula-de-netflix-nnda-nnlt-noticia/ |website=mag |via=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> Ya girma a Ingeniero Maschwitz, lardin Buenos Aires. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=“Soy el mismo de siempre, no cambié por estar en Netflix” |url=https://www.dia32.com.ar/soy-el-mismo-de-siempre-no-cambie-por-estar-en-netflix/ |website=Día 32}}</ref> Ya fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin ''[[Apache: The Life of Carlos Tevez|Apache na 2019: Rayuwar Carlos Tevez]]'', yana nuna abokin [[Carlos Tévez]] [[Danilo Asprilla|Danilo]]. <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''[[Argentina, tierra de amor y venganza]]'' (2019) da kuma ''{{Interlanguage link|Planners (TV series)|es|Planners}}'' (2023). <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya sauko da babban allo na farko a ''{{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}}'' (2019). <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Dos argentinos se destacan en Netflix, de la mano de la película española |url=https://www.sanjuan8.com/espectaculos/dos-argentinos-se-destacan-netflix-la-mano-la-pelicula-espanola-n1274411 |website=San Juan 8}}</ref> Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na [[Roberto Canessa|Roberto Canesa]] a cikin ''[[Society of the Snow]]'' (2023), <ref name="altuna2" /> wanda kuma ya sami [[Goya Award for Best New Actor|lambar yabo ta Goya don Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor]] . == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Take ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | {{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}} | Primo | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2024/01/16/donde-ver-los-trabajos-de-matias-recalt-el-actor-de-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve/|website=[[La Tercera]]|first=Constanza|last=Moncada M.|date=16 January 2024|title=Dónde ver los trabajos de Matías Recalt, el actor de La sociedad de la nieve}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row" | 2023 | ''Al'ummar Dusar ƙanƙara'' | Roberto Cansa | |{{Center|<ref name="clarin" />}} |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 52gk7148xfbvtdsec1dwmh8u1rs4f4m 824041 824040 2026-04-22T08:43:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 824041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matías Recalt''' (an haife shi 14 Satumba 2001) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Argentine. Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin fim ɗin 2023 ''Society of the Snow'' . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Matías Recalt a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2001.<ref name="altuna2">{{Cite web |last=Altuna |first=Gianella |date=18 January 2024 |title=Interpretó al amigo de Tevez: quién es Matías Recalt, el actor de “La sociedad de la nieve” |url=https://mag.elcomercio.pe/fama/quien-es-matias-recalt-el-actor-que-hace-de-roberto-canessa-en-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve-biografia-carrera-y-fotos-pelicula-de-netflix-nnda-nnlt-noticia/ |website=mag |via=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> Ya girma a Ingeniero Maschwitz, lardin Buenos Aires. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=“Soy el mismo de siempre, no cambié por estar en Netflix” |url=https://www.dia32.com.ar/soy-el-mismo-de-siempre-no-cambie-por-estar-en-netflix/ |website=Día 32}}</ref> Ya fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin ''[[Apache: The Life of Carlos Tevez|Apache na 2019: Rayuwar Carlos Tevez]]'', yana nuna abokin [[Carlos Tévez]] [[Danilo Asprilla|Danilo]]. <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''[[Argentina, tierra de amor y venganza]]'' (2019) da kuma ''{{Interlanguage link|Planners (TV series)|es|Planners}}'' (2023). <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya sauko da babban allo na farko a ''{{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}}'' (2019). <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Dos argentinos se destacan en Netflix, de la mano de la película española |url=https://www.sanjuan8.com/espectaculos/dos-argentinos-se-destacan-netflix-la-mano-la-pelicula-espanola-n1274411 |website=San Juan 8}}</ref> Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na [[Roberto Canessa|Roberto Canesa]] a cikin ''[[Society of the Snow]]'' (2023), <ref name="altuna2" /> wanda kuma ya sami [[Goya Award for Best New Actor|lambar yabo ta Goya don Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor]] . == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Take ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | {{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}} | Primo | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2024/01/16/donde-ver-los-trabajos-de-matias-recalt-el-actor-de-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve/|website=[[La Tercera]]|first=Constanza|last=Moncada M.|date=16 January 2024|title=Dónde ver los trabajos de Matías Recalt, el actor de La sociedad de la nieve}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row" | 2023 | ''Al'ummar Dusar ƙanƙara'' | Roberto Cansa | |{{Center|<ref name="clarin" />}} |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ebx8y5so5304v6ob9hsj9jdoz4amj1s 824042 824041 2026-04-22T08:44:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 824042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matías Recalt''' (an haife shi 14 Satumba 2001) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Argentine. Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin fim ɗin 2023 ''Society of the Snow'' . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Matías Recalt a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2001.<ref name="altuna2">{{Cite web |last=Altuna |first=Gianella |date=18 January 2024 |title=Interpretó al amigo de Tevez: quién es Matías Recalt, el actor de “La sociedad de la nieve” |url=https://mag.elcomercio.pe/fama/quien-es-matias-recalt-el-actor-que-hace-de-roberto-canessa-en-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve-biografia-carrera-y-fotos-pelicula-de-netflix-nnda-nnlt-noticia/ |website=mag |via=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> Ya girma a Ingeniero Maschwitz, lardin Buenos Aires. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=“Soy el mismo de siempre, no cambié por estar en Netflix” |url=https://www.dia32.com.ar/soy-el-mismo-de-siempre-no-cambie-por-estar-en-netflix/ |website=Día 32}}</ref> Ya fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin ''Apache na 2019: Rayuwar Carlos Tevez'', yana nuna abokin [[Carlos Tévez]] [[Danilo Asprilla|Danilo]]. <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''[[Argentina, tierra de amor y venganza]]'' (2019) da kuma ''{{Interlanguage link|Planners (TV series)|es|Planners}}'' (2023). <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya sauko da babban allo na farko a ''{{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}}'' (2019). <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Dos argentinos se destacan en Netflix, de la mano de la película española |url=https://www.sanjuan8.com/espectaculos/dos-argentinos-se-destacan-netflix-la-mano-la-pelicula-espanola-n1274411 |website=San Juan 8}}</ref> Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na [[Roberto Canessa|Roberto Canesa]] a cikin ''[[Society of the Snow]]'' (2023), <ref name="altuna2" /> wanda kuma ya sami [[Goya Award for Best New Actor|lambar yabo ta Goya don Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor]] . == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Take ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | {{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}} | Primo | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2024/01/16/donde-ver-los-trabajos-de-matias-recalt-el-actor-de-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve/|website=[[La Tercera]]|first=Constanza|last=Moncada M.|date=16 January 2024|title=Dónde ver los trabajos de Matías Recalt, el actor de La sociedad de la nieve}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row" | 2023 | ''Al'ummar Dusar ƙanƙara'' | Roberto Cansa | |{{Center|<ref name="clarin" />}} |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dhsva6e2ukzsy0kq21q7qbxoa55i95r 824043 824042 2026-04-22T08:44:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 824043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matías Recalt''' (an haife shi 14 Satumba 2001) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Argentine. Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin fim ɗin 2023 ''Society of the Snow'' . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Matías Recalt a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2001.<ref name="altuna2">{{Cite web |last=Altuna |first=Gianella |date=18 January 2024 |title=Interpretó al amigo de Tevez: quién es Matías Recalt, el actor de “La sociedad de la nieve” |url=https://mag.elcomercio.pe/fama/quien-es-matias-recalt-el-actor-que-hace-de-roberto-canessa-en-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve-biografia-carrera-y-fotos-pelicula-de-netflix-nnda-nnlt-noticia/ |website=mag |via=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> Ya girma a Ingeniero Maschwitz, lardin Buenos Aires. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=“Soy el mismo de siempre, no cambié por estar en Netflix” |url=https://www.dia32.com.ar/soy-el-mismo-de-siempre-no-cambie-por-estar-en-netflix/ |website=Día 32}}</ref> Ya fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin ''Apache na 2019: Rayuwar Carlos Tevez'', yana nuna abokin Carlos Tévez [[Danilo Asprilla|Danilo]]. <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''[[Argentina, tierra de amor y venganza]]'' (2019) da kuma ''{{Interlanguage link|Planners (TV series)|es|Planners}}'' (2023). <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya sauko da babban allo na farko a ''{{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}}'' (2019). <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Dos argentinos se destacan en Netflix, de la mano de la película española |url=https://www.sanjuan8.com/espectaculos/dos-argentinos-se-destacan-netflix-la-mano-la-pelicula-espanola-n1274411 |website=San Juan 8}}</ref> Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na [[Roberto Canessa|Roberto Canesa]] a cikin ''[[Society of the Snow]]'' (2023), <ref name="altuna2" /> wanda kuma ya sami [[Goya Award for Best New Actor|lambar yabo ta Goya don Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor]] . == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Take ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | {{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}} | Primo | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2024/01/16/donde-ver-los-trabajos-de-matias-recalt-el-actor-de-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve/|website=[[La Tercera]]|first=Constanza|last=Moncada M.|date=16 January 2024|title=Dónde ver los trabajos de Matías Recalt, el actor de La sociedad de la nieve}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row" | 2023 | ''Al'ummar Dusar ƙanƙara'' | Roberto Cansa | |{{Center|<ref name="clarin" />}} |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hmijgyubr4udcisx7rp7sniviw2lf5u 824044 824043 2026-04-22T08:44:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 824044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matías Recalt''' (an haife shi 14 Satumba 2001) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Argentine. Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin fim ɗin 2023 ''Society of the Snow'' . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Matías Recalt a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2001.<ref name="altuna2">{{Cite web |last=Altuna |first=Gianella |date=18 January 2024 |title=Interpretó al amigo de Tevez: quién es Matías Recalt, el actor de “La sociedad de la nieve” |url=https://mag.elcomercio.pe/fama/quien-es-matias-recalt-el-actor-que-hace-de-roberto-canessa-en-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve-biografia-carrera-y-fotos-pelicula-de-netflix-nnda-nnlt-noticia/ |website=mag |via=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> Ya girma a Ingeniero Maschwitz, lardin Buenos Aires. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=“Soy el mismo de siempre, no cambié por estar en Netflix” |url=https://www.dia32.com.ar/soy-el-mismo-de-siempre-no-cambie-por-estar-en-netflix/ |website=Día 32}}</ref> Ya fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin ''Apache na 2019: Rayuwar Carlos Tevez'', yana nuna abokin Carlos Tévez [[Danilo Asprilla|Danilo]]. <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''Argentina, tierra de amor y venganza'' (2019) da kuma ''{{Interlanguage link|Planners (TV series)|es|Planners}}'' (2023). <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya sauko da babban allo na farko a ''{{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}}'' (2019). <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Dos argentinos se destacan en Netflix, de la mano de la película española |url=https://www.sanjuan8.com/espectaculos/dos-argentinos-se-destacan-netflix-la-mano-la-pelicula-espanola-n1274411 |website=San Juan 8}}</ref> Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na [[Roberto Canessa|Roberto Canesa]] a cikin ''[[Society of the Snow]]'' (2023), <ref name="altuna2" /> wanda kuma ya sami [[Goya Award for Best New Actor|lambar yabo ta Goya don Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor]] . == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Take ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | {{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}} | Primo | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2024/01/16/donde-ver-los-trabajos-de-matias-recalt-el-actor-de-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve/|website=[[La Tercera]]|first=Constanza|last=Moncada M.|date=16 January 2024|title=Dónde ver los trabajos de Matías Recalt, el actor de La sociedad de la nieve}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row" | 2023 | ''Al'ummar Dusar ƙanƙara'' | Roberto Cansa | |{{Center|<ref name="clarin" />}} |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] st55intr56zk875xdqin5wrcfjki42a 824045 824044 2026-04-22T08:44:37Z Pharouqenr 25549 824045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matías Recalt''' (an haife shi 14 Satumba 2001) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Argentine. Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin fim ɗin 2023 ''Society of the Snow'' . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Matías Recalt a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2001.<ref name="altuna2">{{Cite web |last=Altuna |first=Gianella |date=18 January 2024 |title=Interpretó al amigo de Tevez: quién es Matías Recalt, el actor de “La sociedad de la nieve” |url=https://mag.elcomercio.pe/fama/quien-es-matias-recalt-el-actor-que-hace-de-roberto-canessa-en-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve-biografia-carrera-y-fotos-pelicula-de-netflix-nnda-nnlt-noticia/ |website=mag |via=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> Ya girma a Ingeniero Maschwitz, lardin Buenos Aires. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=“Soy el mismo de siempre, no cambié por estar en Netflix” |url=https://www.dia32.com.ar/soy-el-mismo-de-siempre-no-cambie-por-estar-en-netflix/ |website=Día 32}}</ref> Ya fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin ''Apache na 2019: Rayuwar Carlos Tevez'', yana nuna abokin Carlos Tévez [[Danilo Asprilla|Danilo]]. <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''Argentina, tierra de amor y venganza'' (2019) da kuma ''{{Interlanguage link|Planners (TV series)|es|Planners}}'' (2023). <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya sauko da babban allo na farko a ''{{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}}'' (2019). <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Dos argentinos se destacan en Netflix, de la mano de la película española |url=https://www.sanjuan8.com/espectaculos/dos-argentinos-se-destacan-netflix-la-mano-la-pelicula-espanola-n1274411 |website=San Juan 8}}</ref> Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na [[Roberto Canessa|Roberto Canesa]] a cikin ''[[Society of the Snow]]'' (2023), <ref name="altuna2" /> wanda kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Goya don Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor . == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Take ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | {{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}} | Primo | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2024/01/16/donde-ver-los-trabajos-de-matias-recalt-el-actor-de-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve/|website=[[La Tercera]]|first=Constanza|last=Moncada M.|date=16 January 2024|title=Dónde ver los trabajos de Matías Recalt, el actor de La sociedad de la nieve}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row" | 2023 | ''Al'ummar Dusar ƙanƙara'' | Roberto Cansa | |{{Center|<ref name="clarin" />}} |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3xx2c437m6xogr9hp7lq19t206g1kp5 824046 824045 2026-04-22T08:44:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 824046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matías Recalt''' (an haife shi 14 Satumba 2001) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Argentine. Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin fim ɗin 2023 ''Society of the Snow'' . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Matías Recalt a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2001.<ref name="altuna2">{{Cite web |last=Altuna |first=Gianella |date=18 January 2024 |title=Interpretó al amigo de Tevez: quién es Matías Recalt, el actor de “La sociedad de la nieve” |url=https://mag.elcomercio.pe/fama/quien-es-matias-recalt-el-actor-que-hace-de-roberto-canessa-en-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve-biografia-carrera-y-fotos-pelicula-de-netflix-nnda-nnlt-noticia/ |website=mag |via=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> Ya girma a Ingeniero Maschwitz, lardin Buenos Aires.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=“Soy el mismo de siempre, no cambié por estar en Netflix” |url=https://www.dia32.com.ar/soy-el-mismo-de-siempre-no-cambie-por-estar-en-netflix/ |website=Día 32}}</ref> Ya fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin ''Apache na 2019: Rayuwar Carlos Tevez'', yana nuna abokin Carlos Tévez [[Danilo Asprilla|Danilo]]. <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''Argentina, tierra de amor y venganza'' (2019) da kuma ''{{Interlanguage link|Planners (TV series)|es|Planners}}'' (2023). <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya sauko da babban allo na farko a ''{{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}}'' (2019). <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Dos argentinos se destacan en Netflix, de la mano de la película española |url=https://www.sanjuan8.com/espectaculos/dos-argentinos-se-destacan-netflix-la-mano-la-pelicula-espanola-n1274411 |website=San Juan 8}}</ref> Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na [[Roberto Canessa|Roberto Canesa]] a cikin ''[[Society of the Snow]]'' (2023), <ref name="altuna2" /> wanda kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Goya don Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor . == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Take ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | {{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}} | Primo | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2024/01/16/donde-ver-los-trabajos-de-matias-recalt-el-actor-de-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve/|website=[[La Tercera]]|first=Constanza|last=Moncada M.|date=16 January 2024|title=Dónde ver los trabajos de Matías Recalt, el actor de La sociedad de la nieve}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row" | 2023 | ''Al'ummar Dusar ƙanƙara'' | Roberto Cansa | |{{Center|<ref name="clarin" />}} |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 68xzy91bh8hf7ii0wq1dzyuzuv1f8v3 824047 824046 2026-04-22T08:45:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 824047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matías Recalt''' (an haife shi 14 Satumba 2001) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Argentine. Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin fim ɗin 2023 ''Society of the Snow'' . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Matías Recalt a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2001.<ref name="altuna2">{{Cite web |last=Altuna |first=Gianella |date=18 January 2024 |title=Interpretó al amigo de Tevez: quién es Matías Recalt, el actor de “La sociedad de la nieve” |url=https://mag.elcomercio.pe/fama/quien-es-matias-recalt-el-actor-que-hace-de-roberto-canessa-en-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve-biografia-carrera-y-fotos-pelicula-de-netflix-nnda-nnlt-noticia/ |website=mag |via=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> Ya girma a Ingeniero Maschwitz, lardin Buenos Aires.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=“Soy el mismo de siempre, no cambié por estar en Netflix” |url=https://www.dia32.com.ar/soy-el-mismo-de-siempre-no-cambie-por-estar-en-netflix/ |website=Día 32}}</ref> Ya fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin ''Apache na 2019: Rayuwar Carlos Tevez'', yana nuna abokin Carlos Tévez [[Danilo Asprilla|Danilo]]. <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''Argentina, tierra de amor y venganza'' (2019) da kuma ''{{Interlanguage link|Planners (TV series)|es|Planners}}'' (2023).<ref name="altuna2" /> Ya sauko da babban allo na farko a ''{{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}}'' (2019). <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Dos argentinos se destacan en Netflix, de la mano de la película española |url=https://www.sanjuan8.com/espectaculos/dos-argentinos-se-destacan-netflix-la-mano-la-pelicula-espanola-n1274411 |website=San Juan 8}}</ref> Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na [[Roberto Canessa|Roberto Canesa]] a cikin ''[[Society of the Snow]]'' (2023), <ref name="altuna2" /> wanda kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Goya don Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor . == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Take ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | {{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}} | Primo | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2024/01/16/donde-ver-los-trabajos-de-matias-recalt-el-actor-de-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve/|website=[[La Tercera]]|first=Constanza|last=Moncada M.|date=16 January 2024|title=Dónde ver los trabajos de Matías Recalt, el actor de La sociedad de la nieve}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row" | 2023 | ''Al'ummar Dusar ƙanƙara'' | Roberto Cansa | |{{Center|<ref name="clarin" />}} |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] me41m8z087157cepl0gbtpf2lsraef9 824048 824047 2026-04-22T08:45:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 824048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matías Recalt''' (an haife shi 14 Satumba 2001) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Argentine. Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin fim ɗin 2023 ''Society of the Snow'' . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Matías Recalt a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2001.<ref name="altuna2">{{Cite web |last=Altuna |first=Gianella |date=18 January 2024 |title=Interpretó al amigo de Tevez: quién es Matías Recalt, el actor de “La sociedad de la nieve” |url=https://mag.elcomercio.pe/fama/quien-es-matias-recalt-el-actor-que-hace-de-roberto-canessa-en-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve-biografia-carrera-y-fotos-pelicula-de-netflix-nnda-nnlt-noticia/ |website=mag |via=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> Ya girma a Ingeniero Maschwitz, lardin Buenos Aires.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=“Soy el mismo de siempre, no cambié por estar en Netflix” |url=https://www.dia32.com.ar/soy-el-mismo-de-siempre-no-cambie-por-estar-en-netflix/ |website=Día 32}}</ref> Ya fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin ''Apache na 2019: Rayuwar Carlos Tevez'', yana nuna abokin Carlos Tévez [[Danilo Asprilla|Danilo]]. <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''Argentina, tierra de amor y venganza'' (2019) da kuma ''{{Interlanguage link|Planners (TV series)|es|Planners}}'' (2023).<ref name="altuna2" /> Ya sauko da babban allo na farko a ''{{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}}'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Dos argentinos se destacan en Netflix, de la mano de la película española |url=https://www.sanjuan8.com/espectaculos/dos-argentinos-se-destacan-netflix-la-mano-la-pelicula-espanola-n1274411 |website=San Juan 8}}</ref> Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na [[Roberto Canessa|Roberto Canesa]] a cikin ''[[Society of the Snow]]'' (2023), <ref name="altuna2" /> wanda kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Goya don Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor . == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Take ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | {{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}} | Primo | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2024/01/16/donde-ver-los-trabajos-de-matias-recalt-el-actor-de-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve/|website=[[La Tercera]]|first=Constanza|last=Moncada M.|date=16 January 2024|title=Dónde ver los trabajos de Matías Recalt, el actor de La sociedad de la nieve}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row" | 2023 | ''Al'ummar Dusar ƙanƙara'' | Roberto Cansa | |{{Center|<ref name="clarin" />}} |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7kq7mzm4bd0aioccygmgkabab12a5dt 824049 824048 2026-04-22T08:45:27Z Pharouqenr 25549 824049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matías Recalt''' (an haife shi 14 Satumba 2001) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Argentine. Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin fim ɗin 2023 ''Society of the Snow'' . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Matías Recalt a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2001.<ref name="altuna2">{{Cite web |last=Altuna |first=Gianella |date=18 January 2024 |title=Interpretó al amigo de Tevez: quién es Matías Recalt, el actor de “La sociedad de la nieve” |url=https://mag.elcomercio.pe/fama/quien-es-matias-recalt-el-actor-que-hace-de-roberto-canessa-en-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve-biografia-carrera-y-fotos-pelicula-de-netflix-nnda-nnlt-noticia/ |website=mag |via=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> Ya girma a Ingeniero Maschwitz, lardin Buenos Aires.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=“Soy el mismo de siempre, no cambié por estar en Netflix” |url=https://www.dia32.com.ar/soy-el-mismo-de-siempre-no-cambie-por-estar-en-netflix/ |website=Día 32}}</ref> Ya fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin ''Apache na 2019: Rayuwar Carlos Tevez'', yana nuna abokin Carlos Tévez [[Danilo Asprilla|Danilo]]. <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''Argentina, tierra de amor y venganza'' (2019) da kuma ''{{Interlanguage link|Planners (TV series)|es|Planners}}'' (2023).<ref name="altuna2" /> Ya sauko da babban allo na farko a ''{{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}}'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Dos argentinos se destacan en Netflix, de la mano de la película española |url=https://www.sanjuan8.com/espectaculos/dos-argentinos-se-destacan-netflix-la-mano-la-pelicula-espanola-n1274411 |website=San Juan 8}}</ref> Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin ''[[Society of the Snow]]'' (2023), <ref name="altuna2" /> wanda kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Goya don Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor . == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Take ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | {{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}} | Primo | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2024/01/16/donde-ver-los-trabajos-de-matias-recalt-el-actor-de-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve/|website=[[La Tercera]]|first=Constanza|last=Moncada M.|date=16 January 2024|title=Dónde ver los trabajos de Matías Recalt, el actor de La sociedad de la nieve}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row" | 2023 | ''Al'ummar Dusar ƙanƙara'' | Roberto Cansa | |{{Center|<ref name="clarin" />}} |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2j5z412breefjjhgl23lz465i4xa6pz 824050 824049 2026-04-22T08:45:37Z Pharouqenr 25549 824050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matías Recalt''' (an haife shi 14 Satumba 2001) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Argentine. Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin fim ɗin 2023 ''Society of the Snow'' . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Matías Recalt a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2001.<ref name="altuna2">{{Cite web |last=Altuna |first=Gianella |date=18 January 2024 |title=Interpretó al amigo de Tevez: quién es Matías Recalt, el actor de “La sociedad de la nieve” |url=https://mag.elcomercio.pe/fama/quien-es-matias-recalt-el-actor-que-hace-de-roberto-canessa-en-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve-biografia-carrera-y-fotos-pelicula-de-netflix-nnda-nnlt-noticia/ |website=mag |via=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> Ya girma a Ingeniero Maschwitz, lardin Buenos Aires.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=“Soy el mismo de siempre, no cambié por estar en Netflix” |url=https://www.dia32.com.ar/soy-el-mismo-de-siempre-no-cambie-por-estar-en-netflix/ |website=Día 32}}</ref> Ya fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin ''Apache na 2019: Rayuwar Carlos Tevez'', yana nuna abokin Carlos Tévez [[Danilo Asprilla|Danilo]]. <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''Argentina, tierra de amor y venganza'' (2019) da kuma ''{{Interlanguage link|Planners (TV series)|es|Planners}}'' (2023).<ref name="altuna2" /> Ya sauko da babban allo na farko a ''{{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}}'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Dos argentinos se destacan en Netflix, de la mano de la película española |url=https://www.sanjuan8.com/espectaculos/dos-argentinos-se-destacan-netflix-la-mano-la-pelicula-espanola-n1274411 |website=San Juan 8}}</ref> Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin ''Society of the Snow'' (2023), <ref name="altuna2" /> wanda kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Goya don Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor . == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Take ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | {{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}} | Primo | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2024/01/16/donde-ver-los-trabajos-de-matias-recalt-el-actor-de-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve/|website=[[La Tercera]]|first=Constanza|last=Moncada M.|date=16 January 2024|title=Dónde ver los trabajos de Matías Recalt, el actor de La sociedad de la nieve}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row" | 2023 | ''Al'ummar Dusar ƙanƙara'' | Roberto Cansa | |{{Center|<ref name="clarin" />}} |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8iu81jjenii512jqbwrkmjvkysenpvu 824051 824050 2026-04-22T08:45:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 824051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matías Recalt''' (an haife shi 14 Satumba 2001) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Argentine. Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin fim ɗin 2023 ''Society of the Snow'' . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Matías Recalt a ranar 14 ga Satumba 2001.<ref name="altuna2">{{Cite web |last=Altuna |first=Gianella |date=18 January 2024 |title=Interpretó al amigo de Tevez: quién es Matías Recalt, el actor de “La sociedad de la nieve” |url=https://mag.elcomercio.pe/fama/quien-es-matias-recalt-el-actor-que-hace-de-roberto-canessa-en-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve-biografia-carrera-y-fotos-pelicula-de-netflix-nnda-nnlt-noticia/ |website=mag |via=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> Ya girma a Ingeniero Maschwitz, lardin Buenos Aires.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=“Soy el mismo de siempre, no cambié por estar en Netflix” |url=https://www.dia32.com.ar/soy-el-mismo-de-siempre-no-cambie-por-estar-en-netflix/ |website=Día 32}}</ref> Ya fara fitowa a talabijin a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin ''Apache na 2019: Rayuwar Carlos Tevez'', yana nuna abokin Carlos Tévez [[Danilo Asprilla|Danilo]]. <ref name="altuna2" /> Ya ci gaba da fitowa a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''Argentina, tierra de amor y venganza'' (2019) da kuma ''{{Interlanguage link|Planners (TV series)|es|Planners}}'' (2023).<ref name="altuna2" /> Ya sauko da babban allo na farko a ''{{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}}'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2024 |title=Dos argentinos se destacan en Netflix, de la mano de la película española |url=https://www.sanjuan8.com/espectaculos/dos-argentinos-se-destacan-netflix-la-mano-la-pelicula-espanola-n1274411 |website=San Juan 8}}</ref> Ya sami karɓuwa don hotonsa na Roberto Canesa a cikin ''Society of the Snow'' (2023), <ref name="altuna2" /> wanda kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Goya don Mafi kyawun Sabon Actor . == Filmography == === Fim === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" | Take ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2019 | {{Interlanguage link|Ciegos|es}} | Primo | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/culto/2024/01/16/donde-ver-los-trabajos-de-matias-recalt-el-actor-de-la-sociedad-de-la-nieve/|website=[[La Tercera]]|first=Constanza|last=Moncada M.|date=16 January 2024|title=Dónde ver los trabajos de Matías Recalt, el actor de La sociedad de la nieve}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row" | 2023 | ''Al'ummar Dusar ƙanƙara'' | Roberto Cansa | |{{Center|<ref name="clarin" />}} |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] baju7d1x34diimdnojwncjijs3t4v6l 0 123056 824104 822543 2026-04-22T09:40:01Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An haifi Strzyzowski a ranar 3 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1994. Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar gudanarwa a cibiyar kiwon lafiya kuma mai mallakar cafeteria.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Desaparición de Cecilia: Su familia vinculó las últimas horas con su pareja pero el entorno de Sena lo niega |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=Allanaron la cafetería de Cecilia Strzyzowski: la hipótesis que vincula al lugar con el posible móvil económico del femicidio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/14/allanamiento-en-el-gato-negro-el-cafe-de-cecilia-strzyzowski-encontraron-una-foto-de-marcela-acuna-amamantando-a-cesar-sena/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715023509/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/14/allanamiento-en-el-gato-negro-el-cafe-de-cecilia-strzyzowski-encontraron-una-foto-de-marcela-acuna-amamantando-a-cesar-sena/ |archive-date=2023-07-15 |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> Ta zauna a gidan kawunta tare da abokin tarayya, César Sena mai shekaru 19. A cewar shaidar Gloria Romero, mahaifiyar Strzyzowski da mai shigar da kara a cikin batun bacewarta, dangantakar da ke tsakanin su biyu ta fara ne a watan Disamba na shekarar 2021 ta hanyar aikace-aikacen soyayya Tinder. Koyaya, matsaloli sun taso a cikin dangantakar, musamman saboda juriya ta mahaifiyar César ga dangantakarta. Bugu da kari, an kuma ambaci yiwuwar tilasta ikon da César ya yi a kan ƙungiyoyin Cecilia ta hanyar [[WhatsApp]] da kuma mallakar makamai da César, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa ana tsananta masa ta siyasa.<ref name=":12" /> A ranar 16 ga Satumban shekara ta 2022, Cecilia da César sun yi aure, amma bayan kwana huɗu sun fara aiwatar da saki, wanda ake zargin mahaifiyar César ce ta rinjaye shi, wanda bai goyi bayan dangantakar ba. Matasan ma'aurata sun ba da katunan gayyata don bikin aure da za a gudanar a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba, kodayake dokar saki ta fito kwana biyu kafin kuma an jinkirta bikin har abada. Mahaifiyar Cecilia ba ta san wannan kisan aure ba a lokacin da ta ɓace.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-28 |title=Los detalles detrás del festejo que no fue: César y Cecilia habían repartido tarjetas para celebrar su casamiento |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/640837-los-detalles-detras-del-festejo-que-no-fue-cesar-y-cecilia-habian-repartido-tarjetas-para-celebrar-su-casamiento- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820220711/https://www.diariochaco.com/640837-los-detalles-detras-del-festejo-que-no-fue-cesar-y-cecilia-habian-repartido-tarjetas-para-celebrar-su-casamiento- |archive-date=2023-08-20 |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}</ref> Cecilia da Cesar sun ci gaba da dangantakarsu, duk da haka, kuma ana ganinsu tare a kai a kai.<ref name=":33">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Tenso cruce de versiones, un "matrimonio" y una joven desaparecida: continúa la búsqueda de Cecilia Strzyzowski |url=https://www.diariotag.com/155581-tenso-cruce-de-versiones-un-matrimonio-y-una-joven-desaparecida-continua-la-busqueda-de-cecilia-strzyzowski |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621183823/https://www.diariotag.com/155581-tenso-cruce-de-versiones-un-matrimonio-y-una-joven-desaparecida-continua-la-busqueda-de-cecilia-strzyzowski |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario TAG |language=es}}</ref><ref name=":63">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-09 |title=Nueva movilización por Cecilia Strzyzowski: "Dónde está o qué hicieron con mi hija" |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/640087-nueva-movilizacion-por-cecilia-strzyzowski-donde-esta-o-que-hicieron-con-mi-hija- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622133921/https://www.diariochaco.com/640087-nueva-movilizacion-por-cecilia-strzyzowski-donde-esta-o-que-hicieron-con-mi-hija- |archive-date=2023-06-22 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Cecilia ta bayyana cewa a gare ta, César kyakkyawar aboki ce, kuma ta nuna mamaki ga sigar da ta koya daga abokiyar Cecilia, wacce ta yi zargin cewa a ranar 3 ga Mayu 2023, César ta kai wa Cecilia hari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> A cewar wannan sanarwa, César Sena ya sami magani kuma ya buge mahaifiyarsa a wani lokaci. Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam na Cecilia - wanda ya kuma yi mata magani na ƙarshe kwana biyu kafin bacewarta - ya tabbatar da nau'ikan tashin hankali na jinsi kuma cewa ya sha magungunan psychotropic.<ref name=":31">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-12 |title=La psicóloga que atendía a Cecilia confirmó hechos de violencia y que César se medicaba |url=https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713110240/https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- |archive-date=2023-07-13 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=Norte Chaco |language=es-AR}}</ref> César Sena ɗan Emericano Sena ne da Marcela Acuña, iyali mai ƙwarewa sosai a cikin zamantakewa da siyasa, kasancewar shugabannin da ke da alaƙa da gwamnatin Lardin Chaco, wanda ke nunawa a aiwatar da ayyukan jama'a, gudanar da shirye-shiryen ayyukan zamantakewa da isar da gidaje ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi kamar "Fundación Doctor Saul Acuña", "Fundacion Emerciano Sena" da "Cooperativa de Trabajo Emerenciano Limitada". A cikin shekarar 2023, sun sami canja wurin Pesos na Argentina miliyan 141 daga gwamnatin lardin. <ref name=":25">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2023 |title=La Justicia recibió el primer informe oficial sobre el patrimonio de los Sena: qué bienes declararon |url=https://www.infobae.com/judiciales/2023/06/26/la-justicia-recibio-el-primer-informe-oficial-sobre-el-patrimonio-de-los-sena-que-bienes-declararon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232755/https://www.infobae.com/judiciales/2023/06/26/la-justicia-recibio-el-primer-informe-oficial-sobre-el-patrimonio-de-los-sena-que-bienes-declararon/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> <ref name="Sin_nombre-20231105112123">{{Cite web |date=30 June 2023 |title=El gobierno de Capitanich ratificó ante la Justicia que este año le transfirió más de $141 millones al clan Sena |url=https://www.infobae.com/judiciales/2023/06/30/el-gobierno-de-capitanich-ratifico-ante-la-justicia-que-este-ano-le-transfirio-mas-de-141-millones-al-clan-sena/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232754/https://www.infobae.com/judiciales/2023/06/30/el-gobierno-de-capitanich-ratifico-ante-la-justicia-que-este-ano-le-transfirio-mas-de-141-millones-al-clan-sena/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> Har ila yau, suna da babban darajar kuɗi da kadarori da yawa waɗanda a halin yanzu ke ƙarƙashin bincike don kauce wa kadarorin kuɗi.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Caso Cecilia Strzyzowski: investigan a los Sena por lavado de activos luego de hallar $ 6.000.000 en su casa {{!}} Vía Resistencia |url=https://viapais.com.ar/resistencia/caso-cecilia-strzyzowski-investigan-a-los-sena-por-lavado-de-activos-luego-de-hallar-6000000-en-su-casa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708232748/https://viapais.com.ar/resistencia/caso-cecilia-strzyzowski-investigan-a-los-sena-por-lavado-de-activos-luego-de-hallar-6000000-en-su-casa/ |archive-date=2023-07-08 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Vía País |language=es}}</ref> Daga cikin kadarorinsa akwai yankuna biyu da ke cikin Colonia Benitez, kilomita 10 daga birnin Resistencia, wanda darajarsa ta kai dala dubu 130. A daya daga cikin wadannan makircin shine gidan iyali inda ake zaton kisan Cecilia Strzyzowski ya faru.<ref name=":25" /> Kasancewar Emerenciano Sena a matsayin shugaban zamantakewa ya faru ne a cikin '90s lokacin da ya kafa Movement of Unemployed Workers (MTD) tare da shugaban Ramón "Tito" López . Daga baya, bayan rushewar MTD, Emericano ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da {{Interlanguage link|Sergio Schoklender|es}} da Hebe na Bonafini, mai mallakar hadin gwiwar Sueños Compartidos, don gina gidaje a kan ƙasar da aka mamaye. Koyaya, saboda matsalolin shari'a da na kuɗi, aikin ya gaza. A cikin 2020, gwamnatin ƙasa ta yanke shawarar canja wurin waɗannan ƙasashe zuwa gwamnatin Chaco, wanda daga baya ya canja su zuwa Emerenciano. A shekara ta 2009, an kirkiro Gidauniyar Saúl Andrés Acuña don aiwatar da ayyukan Emerenciano da Marcela Acuña . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> A cikin Zaɓen lardin Argentina na shekarar 2023 a Chaco, Emerenciano Sena, Gustavo Obregón, Marcela Acuña da Fabiana Gonzáles sun kasance cikin jerin sunayen Jam'iyyar Socialists Party (PSU) a cikin jerin sunayensu na Frente de Todos . Emerciano da Gustavo za su kasance 'yan takara na wakilai, tare da Marcela Acuña a matsayin magajin gari da Fabian Gonzales a matsayin wakilin birnin Resistencia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> Koyaya, saboda abin kunya da ya shafi bacewar da kuma ƙin yarda da jama'a, Chaco Front ta yanke shawarar soke aikace-aikacen don tsayawa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=12 June 2023 |title=La desaparición de la nuera de un polémico piquetero de Chaco salpica la política y compromete las PASO del próximo domingo |url=https://www.infobae.com/politica/2023/06/12/la-desaparicion-de-la-nuera-de-un-polemico-piquetero-de-chaco-salpica-la-politica-y-compromete-las-paso-del-proximo-domingo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/politica/2023/06/12/la-desaparicion-de-la-nuera-de-un-polemico-piquetero-de-chaco-salpica-la-politica-y-compromete-las-paso-del-proximo-domingo/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> == Bayani game da bacewar == A ranar 1 ga Yunin shekara ta 2023, Cecilia ta yi kiran bidiyo tare da mahaifiyarta Gloria Romero Ruwa ta gaya mata cewa za ta yi tafiya zuwa Ushuaia tare da abokin aikinta César Sena . Dalilin da aka bayyana shi ne don damar aiki.<ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Un supuesto viaje, "rasguños" y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |archive-date=2023-06-18 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> Likitan ilimin halayyar Cecilia ya tabbatar da damar aiki a matsayin dalilin tafiyar.<ref name=":31">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-12 |title=La psicóloga que atendía a Cecilia confirmó hechos de violencia y que César se medicaba |url=https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713110240/https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- |archive-date=2023-07-13 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=Norte Chaco |language=es-AR}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- "La psicóloga que atendía a Cecilia confirmó hechos de violencia y que César se medicaba"]. ''Norte Chaco'' (in Spanish). 12 July 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230713110240/https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- Archived] from the original on 13 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> A wannan rana aka ga Cecilia ta bar gidan kawunta a Resistencia tare da César Sena. A wannan lokacin, tana sanye da sutura mai launin toka, jaket mai launin toka mai duhu, da takalma masu launin toka tare da cikakkun bayanai. Hakazalika, Sena ta ɗauki jakar jan baya mara amfani. A cewar wani dangi na Cecilia, ta firgita a wannan lokacin kuma lokacin da aka tambaye ta game da rashin kaya, ya amsa cewa zai "saya tufafi a [[Buenos Aires]]".<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-08 |title=Habló la abuela de Cecilia Strzyzowski, la última que vio a la joven: "César subió su valija a la camioneta" |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/640014-hablo-la-abuela-de-cecilia-strzyzowski-la-ultima-que-vio-a-la-joven-cesar-subio-su-valija-a-la-camioneta |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621183826/https://www.diariochaco.com/640014-hablo-la-abuela-de-cecilia-strzyzowski-la-ultima-que-vio-a-la-joven-cesar-subio-su-valija-a-la-camioneta |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}</ref> A cikin Resistencia matsakaicin zafin jiki a watan Yuni ya kasance 15 ° C kuma a Ushuaia ya kasance 2 ° C. A cewar mahaifiyarta ya kamata su ɗauki jirgin sama zuwa [[Buenos Aires]] daga Corrientes don yin tafiya.<ref name=":110">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Desaparición de Cecilia: su familia vinculó las últimas horas con su pareja pero el entorno de Sena lo niega |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621124946/https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; Strzyzowski da Sena sun bar tare a cikin fararen [[Toyota Hilux]] pickup truck. Koyaya, ba a bayyana ainihin cikakkun bayanai game da inda yake da kuma yanayin da ke kewaye da ɓacewarsa ba. A ranar 5 ga Yuni, mutane biyu da ba a san su ba da suna nuna kansu a matsayin jami'an bincike sun kusanci dangin Cecilia kuma sun ba da bayanai daga wani maƙwabci a unguwar Emerenciano wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa wani abu ya faru da ita.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Desaparición de Cecilia: Su familia vinculó las últimas horas con su pareja pero el entorno de Sena lo niega |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega "Desaparición de Cecilia: Su familia vinculó las últimas horas con su pareja pero el entorno de Sena lo niega"]. ''Diario Chaco'' (in Spanish). 7 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=6 July 2023 |title=Caso Cecilia Strzyzowski: el misterio de los visitantes anónimos que disparó la denuncia y que los investigadores no logran develar |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/06/caso-cecilia-strzyzowski-el-misterio-de-los-visitantes-anonimos-que-disparo-la-denuncia-y-que-los-investigadores-no-logran-develar/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref><ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Un supuesto viaje, "rasguños" y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |archive-date=2023-06-18 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ "Un supuesto viaje, "rasguños" y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski"]. ''infobae'' (in European Spanish). 14 June 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ Archived] from the original on 18 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)]]</ref> Duk da yunkurin da iyalin suka yi na sadarwa da Cecilia ta tarho, sun sami saƙonnin da aka rubuta ne kawai a matsayin martani cewa an karya wayarta ta wayar salula. Bayan sun nemi saƙon murya, sun sami tsohuwar sauti, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin damuwa. Daga baya, mahaifiyar Cecilia Mercedes, ta yi magana da sakonni tare da César, wanda ya bayyana cewa tana Ushuaia tare da Cecilia, amma ya fita tare da ƙaunatacciyarta. Daga baya, an karya sadarwa gaba ɗaya kuma ba a sake yin hulɗa ba.<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |title=Cecilia Strzyzowski: el supuesto viaje a Ushuaia con trabajo y casa, clave para acusar a Sena y Acuña |url=https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708232752/https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 |archive-date=2023-07-08 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=www.ambito.com}}</ref> Kashegari, kyamarar tsaro ta kama Cecilia ta shiga gidan Sena da karfe 9:15, to amma ba a rubuta tafiyarta ba.<ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Un supuesto viaje, "rasguños" y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |archive-date=2023-06-18 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ "Un supuesto viaje, "rasguños" y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski"]. ''infobae'' (in European Spanish). 14 June 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ Archived] from the original on 18 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)]]</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-12 |title=La última vez que se vio a Cecilia fue entrando a la casa de los Sena |url=https://www.diarionorte.com/232429-la-ultima-vez-que-se-vio-a-cecilia-fue-entrando-a-la-casa-de-los-sena |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621124946/https://www.diarionorte.com/232429-la-ultima-vez-que-se-vio-a-cecilia-fue-entrando-a-la-casa-de-los-sena |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Norte Chaco |language=es-AR}}</ref> An kunna siginar wayar Cecilia a karo na karshe a wani filin kusa da yankin Tres Horquetas kusa da Resistencia.<ref name=":2" /> Masu bincike ba su iya samun shaidar wanzuwar abin da ake zargi da tafiya ba, suna zargin cewa Sena ta yaudari Cecilia da mahaifiyarta, Gloria Romero, don aikata laifin.<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |title=Cecilia Strzyzowski: el supuesto viaje a Ushuaia con trabajo y casa, clave para acusar a Sena y Acuña |url=https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708232752/https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 |archive-date=2023-07-08 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=www.ambito.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 "Cecilia Strzyzowski: el supuesto viaje a Ushuaia con trabajo y casa, clave para acusar a Sena y Acuña"]. ''www.ambito.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230708232752/https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 Archived] from the original on 8 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> == Bincike == Tun daga ranar 6 ga Yuni, ranar da aka ruwaito bacewar, Ofishin Mai gabatar da kara nan da nan ya kunna yarjejeniyar neman mutane da kisan mata. Bugu da kari, ta shiga tsakani a cikin Sashen leken asiri na laifuka (Bincike don Masu Rashin Ko Sashen Masu Rashin), Sashen Bincike (Sashen Kisan kai da Kisan kai), Sashen bincike mai rikitarwa (Sashen Cybercrime), Yaki da Cinikin Dan Adam; Sashen Bishara mai rikitar da Rashin; Sashen Labarai; Yarjejeniyar 'Yan Sashen' yan sanda; Sashen Gudanarwa (Sashin Bincike). Har ila yau, buƙatun rahotanni masu dacewa daga haɗin ƙasa, kamfanonin tarho, [[WhatsApp]], [[Instagram]] da [[Fezbuk|Facebook]]. A ranar 8 ga Yuni, Tsarin Lardin Ma'aikatar Tsaro da Adalci na Chaco tare da Tsarin Binciken Mutum na Tarayya suna aiki don bincika Cecilia.<ref name=":253">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-10 |title=Conmoción en Chaco: por un presunto femicidio detuvieron a una familia de piqueteros aliados de Jorge Capitanich |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/conmocion-en-chaco-por-un-presunto-femicidio-detuvieron-a-una-familia-de-piqueteros-aliados-de-jorge-nid10062023/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704154821/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/conmocion-en-chaco-por-un-presunto-femicidio-detuvieron-a-una-familia-de-piqueteros-aliados-de-jorge-nid10062023/ |archive-date=2023-07-04 |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=LA NACIÓN |language=es}}</ref> A bangarenta, Sakatariyar 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jima'i na lardin, Silvana Pérez, ta nemi a gudanar da binciken tare da hangen nesa na jinsi, ta aika da sanarwa ga Ma'aikatar Mata, Jima'a da Bambanci ta tarayya. An faɗakar da 'Yan sanda na Tarayyar Argentina,' 'Yan sanda na Tsaro na Filin Jirgin Sama, 'yan sanda ta kasa ta Argentina da kuma yankin Sojan Ruwa na Argentina, don a iya gudanar da sarrafawa a wuraren da ke kan hanya, filayen jirgin sama, tashar bas, iyakokin lardin da na kasa da kasa, don gano inda suke. A wannan rana, an nemi a buɗe wayar salula da aka sace ta Cecilia kuma an shigar da rahotanni da aka nema a cikin Telecom Personal da Flow. A ranar 12 ga watan Yuni, ofishin mai gabatar da kara ya kirkiro wata takamaiman ƙungiyar masu gabatar da kara don bincika bacewar, wanda ya kunshi Jorge Fernando Gómez da Nelia Velázquez. <ref name=":172">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-13 |title=Caso Cecilia: 4 de los 7 detenidos comenzaron a declarar en la Fiscalía y serían acusados de homicidio agravado |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/640242-caso-cecilia-4-de-los-7-detenidos-comenzaron-a-declarar-en-la-fiscalia-y-serian-acusados-de-homicidio-agravado |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629212017/https://www.diariochaco.com/640242-caso-cecilia-4-de-los-7-detenidos-comenzaron-a-declarar-en-la-fiscalia-y-serian-acusados-de-homicidio-agravado |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}</ref> === Binciken kisan mata === An kira César Sena don yin shaida a ranar 6 ga Yuni a kotu. Lokacin da ya isa, yana da gogewa a wuyansa, wani abu da kyamarorin 'yan jarida da ke rufe labarai suka kama.[undefined] Mai gabatar da kara ya ci gaba da cewa yanayin hannunsa zai dace da wani yunkuri ga wanda aka azabtar.[2] Bayan ya ba da shaida a matsayin shaida, masu gabatar da kara sun gano saɓani a cikin shaidarsa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa mai gabatar da kara Jorge Cáceres Olivera ya nemi ya bincika gidan Senas. Bayan binciken, 'yan sanda sun sami sautin nama, wuka, harsashi, tabo na jini da raguwar ƙashi. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, Olivera ta nemi a rarraba bacewar Cecilia a matsayin kisan mata. Bugu da ƙari, ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin da mai gabatar da kara ya goyi bayan shi ne cewa za a kunna wayar salula ta Cecilia a karo na ƙarshe a ɗayan gonakin alade a cikin gidan Sena.[1] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e29qttw7411hc90w0y2w7gu78cz93ct 824106 824104 2026-04-22T09:40:37Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An haifi Strzyzowski a ranar 3 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1994. Ta kasance ma'aikaciyar gudanarwa a cibiyar kiwon lafiya kuma mai mallakar cafeteria.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Desaparición de Cecilia: Su familia vinculó las últimas horas con su pareja pero el entorno de Sena lo niega |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2023 |title=Allanaron la cafetería de Cecilia Strzyzowski: la hipótesis que vincula al lugar con el posible móvil económico del femicidio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/14/allanamiento-en-el-gato-negro-el-cafe-de-cecilia-strzyzowski-encontraron-una-foto-de-marcela-acuna-amamantando-a-cesar-sena/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715023509/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/14/allanamiento-en-el-gato-negro-el-cafe-de-cecilia-strzyzowski-encontraron-una-foto-de-marcela-acuna-amamantando-a-cesar-sena/ |archive-date=2023-07-15 |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> Ta zauna a gidan kawunta tare da abokin tarayya, César Sena mai shekaru 19. A cewar shaidar Gloria Romero, mahaifiyar Strzyzowski da mai shigar da kara a cikin batun bacewarta, dangantakar da ke tsakanin su biyu ta fara ne a watan Disamba na shekarar 2021 ta hanyar aikace-aikacen soyayya Tinder. Koyaya, matsaloli sun taso a cikin dangantakar, musamman saboda juriya ta mahaifiyar César ga dangantakarta. Bugu da kari, an kuma ambaci yiwuwar tilasta ikon da César ya yi a kan ƙungiyoyin Cecilia ta hanyar [[WhatsApp]] da kuma mallakar makamai da César, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa ana tsananta masa ta siyasa.<ref name=":12" /> A ranar 16 ga Satumban shekara ta 2022, Cecilia da César sun yi aure, amma bayan kwana huɗu sun fara aiwatar da saki, wanda ake zargin mahaifiyar César ce ta rinjaye shi, wanda bai goyi bayan dangantakar ba. Matasan ma'aurata sun ba da katunan gayyata don bikin aure da za a gudanar a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba, kodayake dokar saki ta fito kwana biyu kafin kuma an jinkirta bikin har abada. Mahaifiyar Cecilia ba ta san wannan kisan aure ba a lokacin da ta ɓace.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-28 |title=Los detalles detrás del festejo que no fue: César y Cecilia habían repartido tarjetas para celebrar su casamiento |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/640837-los-detalles-detras-del-festejo-que-no-fue-cesar-y-cecilia-habian-repartido-tarjetas-para-celebrar-su-casamiento- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820220711/https://www.diariochaco.com/640837-los-detalles-detras-del-festejo-que-no-fue-cesar-y-cecilia-habian-repartido-tarjetas-para-celebrar-su-casamiento- |archive-date=2023-08-20 |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}</ref> Cecilia da Cesar sun ci gaba da dangantakarsu, duk da haka, kuma ana ganinsu tare a kai a kai.<ref name=":33">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Tenso cruce de versiones, un "matrimonio" y una joven desaparecida: continúa la búsqueda de Cecilia Strzyzowski |url=https://www.diariotag.com/155581-tenso-cruce-de-versiones-un-matrimonio-y-una-joven-desaparecida-continua-la-busqueda-de-cecilia-strzyzowski |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621183823/https://www.diariotag.com/155581-tenso-cruce-de-versiones-un-matrimonio-y-una-joven-desaparecida-continua-la-busqueda-de-cecilia-strzyzowski |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario TAG |language=es}}</ref><ref name=":63">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-09 |title=Nueva movilización por Cecilia Strzyzowski: "Dónde está o qué hicieron con mi hija" |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/640087-nueva-movilizacion-por-cecilia-strzyzowski-donde-esta-o-que-hicieron-con-mi-hija- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622133921/https://www.diariochaco.com/640087-nueva-movilizacion-por-cecilia-strzyzowski-donde-esta-o-que-hicieron-con-mi-hija- |archive-date=2023-06-22 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Cecilia ta bayyana cewa a gare ta, César kyakkyawar aboki ce, kuma ta nuna mamaki ga sigar da ta koya daga abokiyar Cecilia, wacce ta yi zargin cewa a ranar 3 ga Mayu 2023, César ta kai wa Cecilia hari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> A cewar wannan sanarwa, César Sena ya sami magani kuma ya buge mahaifiyarsa a wani lokaci. Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam na Cecilia - wanda ya kuma yi mata magani na ƙarshe kwana biyu kafin bacewarta - ya tabbatar da nau'ikan tashin hankali na jinsi kuma cewa ya sha magungunan psychotropic.<ref name=":31">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-12 |title=La psicóloga que atendía a Cecilia confirmó hechos de violencia y que César se medicaba |url=https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713110240/https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- |archive-date=2023-07-13 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=Norte Chaco |language=es-AR}}</ref> César Sena ɗan Emericano Sena ne da Marcela Acuña, iyali mai ƙwarewa sosai a cikin zamantakewa da siyasa, kasancewar shugabannin da ke da alaƙa da gwamnatin Lardin Chaco, wanda ke nunawa a aiwatar da ayyukan jama'a, gudanar da shirye-shiryen ayyukan zamantakewa da isar da gidaje ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi kamar "Fundación Doctor Saul Acuña", "Fundacion Emerciano Sena" da "Cooperativa de Trabajo Emerenciano Limitada". A cikin shekarar 2023, sun sami canja wurin Pesos na Argentina miliyan 141 daga gwamnatin lardin. <ref name=":25">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2023 |title=La Justicia recibió el primer informe oficial sobre el patrimonio de los Sena: qué bienes declararon |url=https://www.infobae.com/judiciales/2023/06/26/la-justicia-recibio-el-primer-informe-oficial-sobre-el-patrimonio-de-los-sena-que-bienes-declararon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232755/https://www.infobae.com/judiciales/2023/06/26/la-justicia-recibio-el-primer-informe-oficial-sobre-el-patrimonio-de-los-sena-que-bienes-declararon/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> <ref name="Sin_nombre-20231105112123">{{Cite web |date=30 June 2023 |title=El gobierno de Capitanich ratificó ante la Justicia que este año le transfirió más de $141 millones al clan Sena |url=https://www.infobae.com/judiciales/2023/06/30/el-gobierno-de-capitanich-ratifico-ante-la-justicia-que-este-ano-le-transfirio-mas-de-141-millones-al-clan-sena/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232754/https://www.infobae.com/judiciales/2023/06/30/el-gobierno-de-capitanich-ratifico-ante-la-justicia-que-este-ano-le-transfirio-mas-de-141-millones-al-clan-sena/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> Har ila yau, suna da babban darajar kuɗi da kadarori da yawa waɗanda a halin yanzu ke ƙarƙashin bincike don kauce wa kadarorin kuɗi.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Caso Cecilia Strzyzowski: investigan a los Sena por lavado de activos luego de hallar $ 6.000.000 en su casa {{!}} Vía Resistencia |url=https://viapais.com.ar/resistencia/caso-cecilia-strzyzowski-investigan-a-los-sena-por-lavado-de-activos-luego-de-hallar-6000000-en-su-casa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708232748/https://viapais.com.ar/resistencia/caso-cecilia-strzyzowski-investigan-a-los-sena-por-lavado-de-activos-luego-de-hallar-6000000-en-su-casa/ |archive-date=2023-07-08 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Vía País |language=es}}</ref> Daga cikin kadarorinsa akwai yankuna biyu da ke cikin Colonia Benitez, kilomita 10 daga birnin Resistencia, wanda darajarsa ta kai dala dubu 130. A daya daga cikin wadannan makircin shine gidan iyali inda ake zaton kisan Cecilia Strzyzowski ya faru.<ref name=":25" /> Kasancewar Emerenciano Sena a matsayin shugaban zamantakewa ya faru ne a cikin '90s lokacin da ya kafa Movement of Unemployed Workers (MTD) tare da shugaban Ramón "Tito" López . Daga baya, bayan rushewar MTD, Emericano ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da {{Interlanguage link|Sergio Schoklender|es}} da Hebe na Bonafini, mai mallakar hadin gwiwar Sueños Compartidos, don gina gidaje a kan ƙasar da aka mamaye. Koyaya, saboda matsalolin shari'a da na kuɗi, aikin ya gaza. A cikin shekara ta 2020, gwamnatin ƙasa ta yanke shawarar canja wurin waɗannan ƙasashe zuwa gwamnatin Chaco, wanda daga baya ya canja su zuwa Emerenciano. A shekara ta 2009, an kirkiro Gidauniyar Saúl Andrés Acuña don aiwatar da ayyukan Emerenciano da Marcela Acuña . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> A cikin Zaɓen lardin Argentina na shekarar 2023 a Chaco, Emerenciano Sena, Gustavo Obregón, Marcela Acuña da Fabiana Gonzáles sun kasance cikin jerin sunayen Jam'iyyar Socialists Party (PSU) a cikin jerin sunayensu na Frente de Todos . Emerciano da Gustavo za su kasance 'yan takara na wakilai, tare da Marcela Acuña a matsayin magajin gari da Fabian Gonzales a matsayin wakilin birnin Resistencia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> Koyaya, saboda abin kunya da ya shafi bacewar da kuma ƙin yarda da jama'a, Chaco Front ta yanke shawarar soke aikace-aikacen don tsayawa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=12 June 2023 |title=La desaparición de la nuera de un polémico piquetero de Chaco salpica la política y compromete las PASO del próximo domingo |url=https://www.infobae.com/politica/2023/06/12/la-desaparicion-de-la-nuera-de-un-polemico-piquetero-de-chaco-salpica-la-politica-y-compromete-las-paso-del-proximo-domingo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/politica/2023/06/12/la-desaparicion-de-la-nuera-de-un-polemico-piquetero-de-chaco-salpica-la-politica-y-compromete-las-paso-del-proximo-domingo/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> == Bayani game da bacewar == A ranar 1 ga Yunin shekara ta 2023, Cecilia ta yi kiran bidiyo tare da mahaifiyarta Gloria Romero Ruwa ta gaya mata cewa za ta yi tafiya zuwa Ushuaia tare da abokin aikinta César Sena . Dalilin da aka bayyana shi ne don damar aiki.<ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Un supuesto viaje, "rasguños" y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |archive-date=2023-06-18 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> Likitan ilimin halayyar Cecilia ya tabbatar da damar aiki a matsayin dalilin tafiyar.<ref name=":31">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-12 |title=La psicóloga que atendía a Cecilia confirmó hechos de violencia y que César se medicaba |url=https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713110240/https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- |archive-date=2023-07-13 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=Norte Chaco |language=es-AR}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- "La psicóloga que atendía a Cecilia confirmó hechos de violencia y que César se medicaba"]. ''Norte Chaco'' (in Spanish). 12 July 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230713110240/https://www.diarionorte.com/233819-la-psicologa-que-atendia-a-cecilia-confirmo-hechos-de-violencia-y-que-cesar-se-medicaba- Archived] from the original on 13 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> A wannan rana aka ga Cecilia ta bar gidan kawunta a Resistencia tare da César Sena. A wannan lokacin, tana sanye da sutura mai launin toka, jaket mai launin toka mai duhu, da takalma masu launin toka tare da cikakkun bayanai. Hakazalika, Sena ta ɗauki jakar jan baya mara amfani. A cewar wani dangi na Cecilia, ta firgita a wannan lokacin kuma lokacin da aka tambaye ta game da rashin kaya, ya amsa cewa zai "saya tufafi a [[Buenos Aires]]".<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-08 |title=Habló la abuela de Cecilia Strzyzowski, la última que vio a la joven: "César subió su valija a la camioneta" |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/640014-hablo-la-abuela-de-cecilia-strzyzowski-la-ultima-que-vio-a-la-joven-cesar-subio-su-valija-a-la-camioneta |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621183826/https://www.diariochaco.com/640014-hablo-la-abuela-de-cecilia-strzyzowski-la-ultima-que-vio-a-la-joven-cesar-subio-su-valija-a-la-camioneta |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}</ref> A cikin Resistencia matsakaicin zafin jiki a watan Yuni ya kasance 15 ° C kuma a Ushuaia ya kasance 2 ° C. A cewar mahaifiyarta ya kamata su ɗauki jirgin sama zuwa [[Buenos Aires]] daga Corrientes don yin tafiya.<ref name=":110">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Desaparición de Cecilia: su familia vinculó las últimas horas con su pareja pero el entorno de Sena lo niega |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621124946/https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; Strzyzowski da Sena sun bar tare a cikin fararen [[Toyota Hilux]] pickup truck. Koyaya, ba a bayyana ainihin cikakkun bayanai game da inda yake da kuma yanayin da ke kewaye da ɓacewarsa ba. A ranar 5 ga Yuni, mutane biyu da ba a san su ba da suna nuna kansu a matsayin jami'an bincike sun kusanci dangin Cecilia kuma sun ba da bayanai daga wani maƙwabci a unguwar Emerenciano wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa wani abu ya faru da ita.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Desaparición de Cecilia: Su familia vinculó las últimas horas con su pareja pero el entorno de Sena lo niega |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.diariochaco.com/639979-desaparicion-de-cecilia-su-familia-vinculo-las-ultimas-horas-con-su-pareja-pero-el-entorno-de-sena-lo-niega "Desaparición de Cecilia: Su familia vinculó las últimas horas con su pareja pero el entorno de Sena lo niega"]. ''Diario Chaco'' (in Spanish). 7 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=6 July 2023 |title=Caso Cecilia Strzyzowski: el misterio de los visitantes anónimos que disparó la denuncia y que los investigadores no logran develar |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/06/caso-cecilia-strzyzowski-el-misterio-de-los-visitantes-anonimos-que-disparo-la-denuncia-y-que-los-investigadores-no-logran-develar/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref><ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Un supuesto viaje, "rasguños" y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |archive-date=2023-06-18 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ "Un supuesto viaje, "rasguños" y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski"]. ''infobae'' (in European Spanish). 14 June 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ Archived] from the original on 18 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)]]</ref> Duk da yunkurin da iyalin suka yi na sadarwa da Cecilia ta tarho, sun sami saƙonnin da aka rubuta ne kawai a matsayin martani cewa an karya wayarta ta wayar salula. Bayan sun nemi saƙon murya, sun sami tsohuwar sauti, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin damuwa. Daga baya, mahaifiyar Cecilia Mercedes, ta yi magana da sakonni tare da César, wanda ya bayyana cewa tana Ushuaia tare da Cecilia, amma ya fita tare da ƙaunatacciyarta. Daga baya, an karya sadarwa gaba ɗaya kuma ba a sake yin hulɗa ba.<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |title=Cecilia Strzyzowski: el supuesto viaje a Ushuaia con trabajo y casa, clave para acusar a Sena y Acuña |url=https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708232752/https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 |archive-date=2023-07-08 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=www.ambito.com}}</ref> Kashegari, kyamarar tsaro ta kama Cecilia ta shiga gidan Sena da karfe 9:15, to amma ba a rubuta tafiyarta ba.<ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2023 |title=Un supuesto viaje, "rasguños" y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ |archive-date=2023-06-18 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ "Un supuesto viaje, "rasguños" y su última charla por WhatsApp: paso a paso, cómo fue la misteriosa desaparición de Cecilia Strzyzowski"]. ''infobae'' (in European Spanish). 14 June 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230618211810/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/06/14/un-supuesto-viaje-rasgunos-y-su-ultima-charla-por-whatsapp-paso-a-paso-como-fue-la-misteriosa-desaparicion-de-cecilia-strzyzowski/ Archived] from the original on 18 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)]]</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-12 |title=La última vez que se vio a Cecilia fue entrando a la casa de los Sena |url=https://www.diarionorte.com/232429-la-ultima-vez-que-se-vio-a-cecilia-fue-entrando-a-la-casa-de-los-sena |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621124946/https://www.diarionorte.com/232429-la-ultima-vez-que-se-vio-a-cecilia-fue-entrando-a-la-casa-de-los-sena |archive-date=2023-06-21 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Norte Chaco |language=es-AR}}</ref> An kunna siginar wayar Cecilia a karo na karshe a wani filin kusa da yankin Tres Horquetas kusa da Resistencia.<ref name=":2" /> Masu bincike ba su iya samun shaidar wanzuwar abin da ake zargi da tafiya ba, suna zargin cewa Sena ta yaudari Cecilia da mahaifiyarta, Gloria Romero, don aikata laifin.<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |title=Cecilia Strzyzowski: el supuesto viaje a Ushuaia con trabajo y casa, clave para acusar a Sena y Acuña |url=https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708232752/https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 |archive-date=2023-07-08 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=www.ambito.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 "Cecilia Strzyzowski: el supuesto viaje a Ushuaia con trabajo y casa, clave para acusar a Sena y Acuña"]. ''www.ambito.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230708232752/https://www.ambito.com/informacion-general/cecilia-strzyzowski-el-supuesto-viaje-ushuaia-trabajo-y-casa-clave-acusar-sena-y-acuna-n5757824 Archived] from the original on 8 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Detectaron que el clan Sena tiene registrados 15 vehículos dentro de su patrimonio |url=https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719232756/https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/policiales/2023/07/07/detectaron-que-el-clan-sena-tiene-registrados-15-vehiculos-dentro-de-su-patrimonio/ |archive-date=2023-07-19 |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> == Bincike == Tun daga ranar 6 ga Yuni, ranar da aka ruwaito bacewar, Ofishin Mai gabatar da kara nan da nan ya kunna yarjejeniyar neman mutane da kisan mata. Bugu da kari, ta shiga tsakani a cikin Sashen leken asiri na laifuka (Bincike don Masu Rashin Ko Sashen Masu Rashin), Sashen Bincike (Sashen Kisan kai da Kisan kai), Sashen bincike mai rikitarwa (Sashen Cybercrime), Yaki da Cinikin Dan Adam; Sashen Bishara mai rikitar da Rashin; Sashen Labarai; Yarjejeniyar 'Yan Sashen' yan sanda; Sashen Gudanarwa (Sashin Bincike). Har ila yau, buƙatun rahotanni masu dacewa daga haɗin ƙasa, kamfanonin tarho, [[WhatsApp]], [[Instagram]] da [[Fezbuk|Facebook]]. A ranar 8 ga Yuni, Tsarin Lardin Ma'aikatar Tsaro da Adalci na Chaco tare da Tsarin Binciken Mutum na Tarayya suna aiki don bincika Cecilia.<ref name=":253">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-10 |title=Conmoción en Chaco: por un presunto femicidio detuvieron a una familia de piqueteros aliados de Jorge Capitanich |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/conmocion-en-chaco-por-un-presunto-femicidio-detuvieron-a-una-familia-de-piqueteros-aliados-de-jorge-nid10062023/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704154821/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/conmocion-en-chaco-por-un-presunto-femicidio-detuvieron-a-una-familia-de-piqueteros-aliados-de-jorge-nid10062023/ |archive-date=2023-07-04 |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=LA NACIÓN |language=es}}</ref> A bangarenta, Sakatariyar 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jima'i na lardin, Silvana Pérez, ta nemi a gudanar da binciken tare da hangen nesa na jinsi, ta aika da sanarwa ga Ma'aikatar Mata, Jima'a da Bambanci ta tarayya. An faɗakar da 'Yan sanda na Tarayyar Argentina,' 'Yan sanda na Tsaro na Filin Jirgin Sama, 'yan sanda ta kasa ta Argentina da kuma yankin Sojan Ruwa na Argentina, don a iya gudanar da sarrafawa a wuraren da ke kan hanya, filayen jirgin sama, tashar bas, iyakokin lardin da na kasa da kasa, don gano inda suke. A wannan rana, an nemi a buɗe wayar salula da aka sace ta Cecilia kuma an shigar da rahotanni da aka nema a cikin Telecom Personal da Flow. A ranar 12 ga watan Yuni, ofishin mai gabatar da kara ya kirkiro wata takamaiman ƙungiyar masu gabatar da kara don bincika bacewar, wanda ya kunshi Jorge Fernando Gómez da Nelia Velázquez. <ref name=":172">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-13 |title=Caso Cecilia: 4 de los 7 detenidos comenzaron a declarar en la Fiscalía y serían acusados de homicidio agravado |url=https://www.diariochaco.com/640242-caso-cecilia-4-de-los-7-detenidos-comenzaron-a-declarar-en-la-fiscalia-y-serian-acusados-de-homicidio-agravado |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629212017/https://www.diariochaco.com/640242-caso-cecilia-4-de-los-7-detenidos-comenzaron-a-declarar-en-la-fiscalia-y-serian-acusados-de-homicidio-agravado |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=Diario Chaco |language=es}}</ref> === Binciken kisan mata === An kira César Sena don yin shaida a ranar 6 ga Yuni a kotu. Lokacin da ya isa, yana da gogewa a wuyansa, wani abu da kyamarorin 'yan jarida da ke rufe labarai suka kama.[undefined] Mai gabatar da kara ya ci gaba da cewa yanayin hannunsa zai dace da wani yunkuri ga wanda aka azabtar.[2] Bayan ya ba da shaida a matsayin shaida, masu gabatar da kara sun gano saɓani a cikin shaidarsa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa mai gabatar da kara Jorge Cáceres Olivera ya nemi ya bincika gidan Senas. Bayan binciken, 'yan sanda sun sami sautin nama, wuka, harsashi, tabo na jini da raguwar ƙashi. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, Olivera ta nemi a rarraba bacewar Cecilia a matsayin kisan mata. Bugu da ƙari, ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin da mai gabatar da kara ya goyi bayan shi ne cewa za a kunna wayar salula ta Cecilia a karo na ƙarshe a ɗayan gonakin alade a cikin gidan Sena.[1] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g40s1ud04no6elc0dplp5vz3e4jvhfx 0 123533 824027 748828 2026-04-22T08:38:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 824027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kudin ragewa''' shine farashin rage mummunan muhalli kamar [[Gurbatar yanayi|gurɓataccen yanayi]]. Farashin iyaka shine ra'ayi na tattalin arziki wanda ke auna farashin ƙarin raka'a. '''Kudin raguwa''', gabaɗaya, yana auna farashin rage ƙarin ɗayan gurɓataccen. Kudin raguwa na gefe kuma ana kiransa "farashin gefe" na rage irin waɗannan abubuwan muhalli. Kodayake farashin raguwa na gefe na iya zama mara kyau, kamar lokacin da ƙananan zaɓin carbon ya fi rahusa fiye da zaɓin kasuwanci-kamar yadda aka saba, farashin raguwa sau da yawa yana ƙaruwa sosai yayin da aka rage ƙarin gurɓataccen yanayi. A wasu kalmomi, ya zama mafi tsada [fasaha ko canje-canje na ababen more rayuwa] don rage gurɓata bayan wani batu. Ana amfani da farashin raguwa na gefe a kan tsayin daka na raguwa, wanda ke nuna farashin raguwa da ƙarin raguwa a gurɓataccen yanayi. == Amfani da shi == 'Yan kasuwa na carbon suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don samun aikin samarwa don tsara mahimman farashin carbon. Kamfanonin wutar lantarki na iya amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat don jagorantar yanke shawara game da dabarun saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci don zaɓar daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa da zaɓuɓɓukan ƙarni. Masana tattalin arziki sun yi amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don bayyana tattalin arzikin kasuwancin carbon na yankuna.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Masu tsara manufofi suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga a matsayin ƙididdigan ƙididdigal, don nazarin yadda za'a iya yin raguwa a cikin tattalin arziki a wane farashi, kuma inda ya kamata a ba da umarni ga manufofi don cimma raguwar fitarwa. Duk da haka, bai kamata a yi amfani da lanƙwasa farashin rage farashi a matsayin lanƙwasa samar da rage farashi ba (ko kuma ya dace da lanƙwasa tsari) don yanke shawara kan matakan da za a aiwatar domin cimma wani burin rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. Hakika, zaɓuɓɓukan da suka lissafa za su ɗauki shekaru da dama kafin a aiwatar da su, kuma yana iya zama mafi kyau a aiwatar da matakai masu tsada amma masu yuwuwa kafin a gabatar da matakai masu rahusa.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> == Rashin amincewa == Hanyar da ake gina ƙididdigar ƙididdigas ƙididdigal an soki ta saboda rashin nuna gaskiya da rashin kulawa da take yi na rashin tabbas, yanayin lokaci-lokaci, hulɗa tsakanin sassa da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai damuwa game da matsayi mai son kai wanda ke faruwa idan wasu zaɓuɓɓukan da aka haɗa suna da farashi mara kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=D. J. |date=2014-10-01 |title=The failure of marginal abatement cost curves in optimising a transition to a low carbon energy supply |journal=Energy Policy |volume=73 |pages=820–822 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2014.03.008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wallis |first=Max |year=1992 |title=Greenhouse ranking of gas-fuelling |journal=Energy Policy |language=en |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=174–176 |doi=10.1016/0301-4215(92)90112-f}}</ref> == Misalan ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigas == A duk duniya, nazarin farashi na raguwa ya nuna cewa inganta [[Amfani da makamashi mai inganci|ingancin makamashi]] na gine-gine da maye gurbin masana'antun wutar lantarki da ke amfani da burbushin halittu tare da sabuntawa yawanci sune hanyoyin da suka fi tsada don rage hayakin carbon. Masana tattalin arziki daban-daban, kungiyoyin bincike, da masu ba da shawara sun samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat. Bloomberg New Energy Finance <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> da McKinsey & Company<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> sun samar da nazarin tattalin arziki game da rage fitar da iskar gas ga [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. ICF International ta samar da takamaiman tsarin California biyo bayan [[Dokar Magance Dumamar Duniya ta 2006|Dokar Maganin Warming na Duniya ta 2006]] kamar yadda Sweeney da Weyant suka yi. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Cibiyar Wuppertal don Yanayi, Muhalli da Makamashi ta samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat da yawa ga Jamus (wanda ake kira Cost Potential Curves), dangane da hangen nesa (mai amfani, kayan aiki, al'umma). [[Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka|Hukumar Kare Muhalli]] ta Amurka ta yi aiki a kan raguwar farashin farashi don fitar da hayaki ba tare da carbon dioxide ba kamar [[methane]], [[Nitrous oxide|N2O]], da [[hydrofluorocarbons]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Enerdata da Laboratory na Tattalin Arziki na Fitarwa da Haɗin kai- Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa (Faransa) tana samar da ƙananan farashin farashi tare da hangen nesa akan Tsarin Makamashi na Tsawon Lokaci (POLES) don tsarin iskar gas na Kyoto Protocol 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> An yi amfani da waɗannan ƙuƙwalwar ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a da masu zaman kansu ko dai don tantance manufofin carbon ko ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin nazarin kasuwar carbon. Shirin ci gaban makamashi mai ƙarancin carbon na Bankin Duniya na 2013 don Najeriya, wanda aka shirya tare da Bankin Duniya, yana amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigal da aka kirkira a cikin Analytica. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Harkokin tattalin arziki na muhalli|Tattalin arzikin muhalli]] * Kudin da aka kashe * Kudin zamantakewa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k9gd534ea77x8nvw57y5v5ypjymqu5i 824028 824027 2026-04-22T08:39:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 824028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kudin ragewa''' shine farashin rage mummunan muhalli kamar [[Gurbatar yanayi|gurɓataccen yanayi]]. Farashin iyaka shine ra'ayi na tattalin arziki wanda ke auna farashin ƙarin raka'a. '''Kudin raguwa''', gabaɗaya, yana auna farashin rage ƙarin ɗayan gurɓataccen. Kudin raguwa na gefe kuma ana kiransa "farashin gefe" na rage irin waɗannan abubuwan muhalli. Kodayake farashin raguwa na gefe na iya zama mara kyau, kamar lokacin da ƙananan zaɓin carbon ya fi rahusa fiye da zaɓin kasuwanci-kamar yadda aka saba, farashin raguwa sau da yawa yana ƙaruwa sosai yayin da aka rage ƙarin gurɓataccen yanayi. A wasu kalmomi, ya zama mafi tsada [fasaha ko canje-canje na ababen more rayuwa] don rage gurɓata bayan wani batu. Ana amfani da farashin raguwa na gefe a kan tsayin daka na raguwa, wanda ke nuna farashin raguwa da ƙarin raguwa a gurɓataccen yanayi. == Amfani da shi == 'Yan kasuwa na carbon suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don samun aikin samarwa don tsara mahimman farashin carbon. Kamfanonin wutar lantarki na iya amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat don jagorantar yanke shawara game da dabarun saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci don zaɓar daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa da zaɓuɓɓukan ƙarni. Masana tattalin arziki sun yi amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don bayyana tattalin arzikin kasuwancin carbon na yankuna.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Masu tsara manufofi suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga a matsayin ƙididdigan ƙididdigal, don nazarin yadda za'a iya yin raguwa a cikin tattalin arziki a wane farashi, kuma inda ya kamata a ba da umarni ga manufofi don cimma raguwar fitarwa. Duk da haka, bai kamata a yi amfani da lanƙwasa farashin rage farashi a matsayin lanƙwasa samar da rage farashi ba (ko kuma ya dace da lanƙwasa tsari) don yanke shawara kan matakan da za a aiwatar domin cimma wani burin rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. Hakika, zaɓuɓɓukan da suka lissafa za su ɗauki shekaru da dama kafin a aiwatar da su, kuma yana iya zama mafi kyau a aiwatar da matakai masu tsada amma masu yuwuwa kafin a gabatar da matakai masu rahusa.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> == Rashin amincewa == Hanyar da ake gina ƙididdigar ƙididdigas ƙididdigal an soki ta saboda rashin nuna gaskiya da rashin kulawa da take yi na rashin tabbas, yanayin lokaci-lokaci, hulɗa tsakanin sassa da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai damuwa game da matsayi mai son kai wanda ke faruwa idan wasu zaɓuɓɓukan da aka haɗa suna da farashi mara kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=D. J. |date=2014-10-01 |title=The failure of marginal abatement cost curves in optimising a transition to a low carbon energy supply |journal=Energy Policy |volume=73 |pages=820–822 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2014.03.008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wallis |first=Max |year=1992 |title=Greenhouse ranking of gas-fuelling |journal=Energy Policy |language=en |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=174–176 |doi=10.1016/0301-4215(92)90112-f}}</ref> == Misalan ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigas == A duk duniya, nazarin farashi na raguwa ya nuna cewa inganta [[Amfani da makamashi mai inganci|ingancin makamashi]] na gine-gine da maye gurbin masana'antun wutar lantarki da ke amfani da burbushin halittu tare da sabuntawa yawanci sune hanyoyin da suka fi tsada don rage hayakin carbon. Masana tattalin arziki daban-daban, kungiyoyin bincike, da masu ba da shawara sun samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat. Bloomberg New Energy Finance<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> da McKinsey & Company<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> sun samar da nazarin tattalin arziki game da rage fitar da iskar gas ga [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. ICF International ta samar da takamaiman tsarin California biyo bayan [[Dokar Magance Dumamar Duniya ta 2006|Dokar Maganin Warming na Duniya ta 2006]] kamar yadda Sweeney da Weyant suka yi. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Cibiyar Wuppertal don Yanayi, Muhalli da Makamashi ta samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat da yawa ga Jamus (wanda ake kira Cost Potential Curves), dangane da hangen nesa (mai amfani, kayan aiki, al'umma). [[Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka|Hukumar Kare Muhalli]] ta Amurka ta yi aiki a kan raguwar farashin farashi don fitar da hayaki ba tare da carbon dioxide ba kamar [[methane]], [[Nitrous oxide|N2O]], da [[hydrofluorocarbons]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Enerdata da Laboratory na Tattalin Arziki na Fitarwa da Haɗin kai- Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa (Faransa) tana samar da ƙananan farashin farashi tare da hangen nesa akan Tsarin Makamashi na Tsawon Lokaci (POLES) don tsarin iskar gas na Kyoto Protocol 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> An yi amfani da waɗannan ƙuƙwalwar ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a da masu zaman kansu ko dai don tantance manufofin carbon ko ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin nazarin kasuwar carbon. Shirin ci gaban makamashi mai ƙarancin carbon na Bankin Duniya na 2013 don Najeriya, wanda aka shirya tare da Bankin Duniya, yana amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigal da aka kirkira a cikin Analytica. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Harkokin tattalin arziki na muhalli|Tattalin arzikin muhalli]] * Kudin da aka kashe * Kudin zamantakewa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] obrrybc68k0j38ym9t3epp43szwcm8u 824029 824028 2026-04-22T08:39:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 824029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kudin ragewa''' shine farashin rage mummunan muhalli kamar [[Gurbatar yanayi|gurɓataccen yanayi]]. Farashin iyaka shine ra'ayi na tattalin arziki wanda ke auna farashin ƙarin raka'a. '''Kudin raguwa''', gabaɗaya, yana auna farashin rage ƙarin ɗayan gurɓataccen. Kudin raguwa na gefe kuma ana kiransa "farashin gefe" na rage irin waɗannan abubuwan muhalli. Kodayake farashin raguwa na gefe na iya zama mara kyau, kamar lokacin da ƙananan zaɓin carbon ya fi rahusa fiye da zaɓin kasuwanci-kamar yadda aka saba, farashin raguwa sau da yawa yana ƙaruwa sosai yayin da aka rage ƙarin gurɓataccen yanayi. A wasu kalmomi, ya zama mafi tsada [fasaha ko canje-canje na ababen more rayuwa] don rage gurɓata bayan wani batu. Ana amfani da farashin raguwa na gefe a kan tsayin daka na raguwa, wanda ke nuna farashin raguwa da ƙarin raguwa a gurɓataccen yanayi. == Amfani da shi == 'Yan kasuwa na carbon suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don samun aikin samarwa don tsara mahimman farashin carbon. Kamfanonin wutar lantarki na iya amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat don jagorantar yanke shawara game da dabarun saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci don zaɓar daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa da zaɓuɓɓukan ƙarni. Masana tattalin arziki sun yi amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don bayyana tattalin arzikin kasuwancin carbon na yankuna.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Masu tsara manufofi suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga a matsayin ƙididdigan ƙididdigal, don nazarin yadda za'a iya yin raguwa a cikin tattalin arziki a wane farashi, kuma inda ya kamata a ba da umarni ga manufofi don cimma raguwar fitarwa. Duk da haka, bai kamata a yi amfani da lanƙwasa farashin rage farashi a matsayin lanƙwasa samar da rage farashi ba (ko kuma ya dace da lanƙwasa tsari) don yanke shawara kan matakan da za a aiwatar domin cimma wani burin rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. Hakika, zaɓuɓɓukan da suka lissafa za su ɗauki shekaru da dama kafin a aiwatar da su, kuma yana iya zama mafi kyau a aiwatar da matakai masu tsada amma masu yuwuwa kafin a gabatar da matakai masu rahusa.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> == Rashin amincewa == Hanyar da ake gina ƙididdigar ƙididdigas ƙididdigal an soki ta saboda rashin nuna gaskiya da rashin kulawa da take yi na rashin tabbas, yanayin lokaci-lokaci, hulɗa tsakanin sassa da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai damuwa game da matsayi mai son kai wanda ke faruwa idan wasu zaɓuɓɓukan da aka haɗa suna da farashi mara kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=D. J. |date=2014-10-01 |title=The failure of marginal abatement cost curves in optimising a transition to a low carbon energy supply |journal=Energy Policy |volume=73 |pages=820–822 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2014.03.008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wallis |first=Max |year=1992 |title=Greenhouse ranking of gas-fuelling |journal=Energy Policy |language=en |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=174–176 |doi=10.1016/0301-4215(92)90112-f}}</ref> == Misalan ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigas == A duk duniya, nazarin farashi na raguwa ya nuna cewa inganta [[Amfani da makamashi mai inganci|ingancin makamashi]] na gine-gine da maye gurbin masana'antun wutar lantarki da ke amfani da burbushin halittu tare da sabuntawa yawanci sune hanyoyin da suka fi tsada don rage hayakin carbon. Masana tattalin arziki daban-daban, kungiyoyin bincike, da masu ba da shawara sun samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat. Bloomberg New Energy Finance<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> da McKinsey & Company<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> sun samar da nazarin tattalin arziki game da rage fitar da iskar gas ga [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. ICF International ta samar da takamaiman tsarin California biyo bayan [[Dokar Magance Dumamar Duniya ta 2006|Dokar Maganin Warming na Duniya ta 2006]] kamar yadda Sweeney da Weyant suka yi.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Cibiyar Wuppertal don Yanayi, Muhalli da Makamashi ta samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat da yawa ga Jamus (wanda ake kira Cost Potential Curves), dangane da hangen nesa (mai amfani, kayan aiki, al'umma). [[Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka|Hukumar Kare Muhalli]] ta Amurka ta yi aiki a kan raguwar farashin farashi don fitar da hayaki ba tare da carbon dioxide ba kamar [[methane]], [[Nitrous oxide|N2O]], da [[hydrofluorocarbons]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Enerdata da Laboratory na Tattalin Arziki na Fitarwa da Haɗin kai- Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa (Faransa) tana samar da ƙananan farashin farashi tare da hangen nesa akan Tsarin Makamashi na Tsawon Lokaci (POLES) don tsarin iskar gas na Kyoto Protocol 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> An yi amfani da waɗannan ƙuƙwalwar ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a da masu zaman kansu ko dai don tantance manufofin carbon ko ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin nazarin kasuwar carbon. Shirin ci gaban makamashi mai ƙarancin carbon na Bankin Duniya na 2013 don Najeriya, wanda aka shirya tare da Bankin Duniya, yana amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigal da aka kirkira a cikin Analytica. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Harkokin tattalin arziki na muhalli|Tattalin arzikin muhalli]] * Kudin da aka kashe * Kudin zamantakewa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lluaad336ln8ks8ahcwnoc7p1n8ddng 824030 824029 2026-04-22T08:39:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 824030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kudin ragewa''' shine farashin rage mummunan muhalli kamar [[Gurbatar yanayi|gurɓataccen yanayi]]. Farashin iyaka shine ra'ayi na tattalin arziki wanda ke auna farashin ƙarin raka'a. '''Kudin raguwa''', gabaɗaya, yana auna farashin rage ƙarin ɗayan gurɓataccen. Kudin raguwa na gefe kuma ana kiransa "farashin gefe" na rage irin waɗannan abubuwan muhalli. Kodayake farashin raguwa na gefe na iya zama mara kyau, kamar lokacin da ƙananan zaɓin carbon ya fi rahusa fiye da zaɓin kasuwanci-kamar yadda aka saba, farashin raguwa sau da yawa yana ƙaruwa sosai yayin da aka rage ƙarin gurɓataccen yanayi. A wasu kalmomi, ya zama mafi tsada [fasaha ko canje-canje na ababen more rayuwa] don rage gurɓata bayan wani batu. Ana amfani da farashin raguwa na gefe a kan tsayin daka na raguwa, wanda ke nuna farashin raguwa da ƙarin raguwa a gurɓataccen yanayi. == Amfani da shi == 'Yan kasuwa na carbon suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don samun aikin samarwa don tsara mahimman farashin carbon. Kamfanonin wutar lantarki na iya amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat don jagorantar yanke shawara game da dabarun saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci don zaɓar daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa da zaɓuɓɓukan ƙarni. Masana tattalin arziki sun yi amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don bayyana tattalin arzikin kasuwancin carbon na yankuna.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Masu tsara manufofi suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga a matsayin ƙididdigan ƙididdigal, don nazarin yadda za'a iya yin raguwa a cikin tattalin arziki a wane farashi, kuma inda ya kamata a ba da umarni ga manufofi don cimma raguwar fitarwa. Duk da haka, bai kamata a yi amfani da lanƙwasa farashin rage farashi a matsayin lanƙwasa samar da rage farashi ba (ko kuma ya dace da lanƙwasa tsari) don yanke shawara kan matakan da za a aiwatar domin cimma wani burin rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. Hakika, zaɓuɓɓukan da suka lissafa za su ɗauki shekaru da dama kafin a aiwatar da su, kuma yana iya zama mafi kyau a aiwatar da matakai masu tsada amma masu yuwuwa kafin a gabatar da matakai masu rahusa.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> == Rashin amincewa == Hanyar da ake gina ƙididdigar ƙididdigas ƙididdigal an soki ta saboda rashin nuna gaskiya da rashin kulawa da take yi na rashin tabbas, yanayin lokaci-lokaci, hulɗa tsakanin sassa da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai damuwa game da matsayi mai son kai wanda ke faruwa idan wasu zaɓuɓɓukan da aka haɗa suna da farashi mara kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=D. J. |date=2014-10-01 |title=The failure of marginal abatement cost curves in optimising a transition to a low carbon energy supply |journal=Energy Policy |volume=73 |pages=820–822 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2014.03.008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wallis |first=Max |year=1992 |title=Greenhouse ranking of gas-fuelling |journal=Energy Policy |language=en |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=174–176 |doi=10.1016/0301-4215(92)90112-f}}</ref> == Misalan ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigas == A duk duniya, nazarin farashi na raguwa ya nuna cewa inganta [[Amfani da makamashi mai inganci|ingancin makamashi]] na gine-gine da maye gurbin masana'antun wutar lantarki da ke amfani da burbushin halittu tare da sabuntawa yawanci sune hanyoyin da suka fi tsada don rage hayakin carbon. Masana tattalin arziki daban-daban, kungiyoyin bincike, da masu ba da shawara sun samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat. Bloomberg New Energy Finance<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> da McKinsey & Company<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> sun samar da nazarin tattalin arziki game da rage fitar da iskar gas ga [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. ICF International ta samar da takamaiman tsarin California biyo bayan [[Dokar Magance Dumamar Duniya ta 2006|Dokar Maganin Warming na Duniya ta 2006]] kamar yadda Sweeney da Weyant suka yi.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Cibiyar Wuppertal don Yanayi, Muhalli da Makamashi ta samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat da yawa ga Jamus (wanda ake kira Cost Potential Curves), dangane da hangen nesa (mai amfani, kayan aiki, al'umma). [[Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka|Hukumar Kare Muhalli]] ta Amurka ta yi aiki a kan raguwar farashin farashi don fitar da hayaki ba tare da carbon dioxide ba kamar [[methane]], N2O, da [[hydrofluorocarbons]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Enerdata da Laboratory na Tattalin Arziki na Fitarwa da Haɗin kai- Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa (Faransa) tana samar da ƙananan farashin farashi tare da hangen nesa akan Tsarin Makamashi na Tsawon Lokaci (POLES) don tsarin iskar gas na Kyoto Protocol 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> An yi amfani da waɗannan ƙuƙwalwar ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a da masu zaman kansu ko dai don tantance manufofin carbon ko ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin nazarin kasuwar carbon. Shirin ci gaban makamashi mai ƙarancin carbon na Bankin Duniya na 2013 don Najeriya, wanda aka shirya tare da Bankin Duniya, yana amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigal da aka kirkira a cikin Analytica. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Harkokin tattalin arziki na muhalli|Tattalin arzikin muhalli]] * Kudin da aka kashe * Kudin zamantakewa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2kk8rw3iq4deiy0y5g4vhd41gb56sdk 824031 824030 2026-04-22T08:39:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 824031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kudin ragewa''' shine farashin rage mummunan muhalli kamar [[Gurbatar yanayi|gurɓataccen yanayi]]. Farashin iyaka shine ra'ayi na tattalin arziki wanda ke auna farashin ƙarin raka'a. '''Kudin raguwa''', gabaɗaya, yana auna farashin rage ƙarin ɗayan gurɓataccen. Kudin raguwa na gefe kuma ana kiransa "farashin gefe" na rage irin waɗannan abubuwan muhalli. Kodayake farashin raguwa na gefe na iya zama mara kyau, kamar lokacin da ƙananan zaɓin carbon ya fi rahusa fiye da zaɓin kasuwanci-kamar yadda aka saba, farashin raguwa sau da yawa yana ƙaruwa sosai yayin da aka rage ƙarin gurɓataccen yanayi. A wasu kalmomi, ya zama mafi tsada [fasaha ko canje-canje na ababen more rayuwa] don rage gurɓata bayan wani batu. Ana amfani da farashin raguwa na gefe a kan tsayin daka na raguwa, wanda ke nuna farashin raguwa da ƙarin raguwa a gurɓataccen yanayi. == Amfani da shi == 'Yan kasuwa na carbon suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don samun aikin samarwa don tsara mahimman farashin carbon. Kamfanonin wutar lantarki na iya amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat don jagorantar yanke shawara game da dabarun saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci don zaɓar daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa da zaɓuɓɓukan ƙarni. Masana tattalin arziki sun yi amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don bayyana tattalin arzikin kasuwancin carbon na yankuna.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Masu tsara manufofi suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga a matsayin ƙididdigan ƙididdigal, don nazarin yadda za'a iya yin raguwa a cikin tattalin arziki a wane farashi, kuma inda ya kamata a ba da umarni ga manufofi don cimma raguwar fitarwa. Duk da haka, bai kamata a yi amfani da lanƙwasa farashin rage farashi a matsayin lanƙwasa samar da rage farashi ba (ko kuma ya dace da lanƙwasa tsari) don yanke shawara kan matakan da za a aiwatar domin cimma wani burin rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. Hakika, zaɓuɓɓukan da suka lissafa za su ɗauki shekaru da dama kafin a aiwatar da su, kuma yana iya zama mafi kyau a aiwatar da matakai masu tsada amma masu yuwuwa kafin a gabatar da matakai masu rahusa.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> == Rashin amincewa == Hanyar da ake gina ƙididdigar ƙididdigas ƙididdigal an soki ta saboda rashin nuna gaskiya da rashin kulawa da take yi na rashin tabbas, yanayin lokaci-lokaci, hulɗa tsakanin sassa da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai damuwa game da matsayi mai son kai wanda ke faruwa idan wasu zaɓuɓɓukan da aka haɗa suna da farashi mara kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=D. J. |date=2014-10-01 |title=The failure of marginal abatement cost curves in optimising a transition to a low carbon energy supply |journal=Energy Policy |volume=73 |pages=820–822 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2014.03.008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wallis |first=Max |year=1992 |title=Greenhouse ranking of gas-fuelling |journal=Energy Policy |language=en |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=174–176 |doi=10.1016/0301-4215(92)90112-f}}</ref> == Misalan ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigas == A duk duniya, nazarin farashi na raguwa ya nuna cewa inganta [[Amfani da makamashi mai inganci|ingancin makamashi]] na gine-gine da maye gurbin masana'antun wutar lantarki da ke amfani da burbushin halittu tare da sabuntawa yawanci sune hanyoyin da suka fi tsada don rage hayakin carbon. Masana tattalin arziki daban-daban, kungiyoyin bincike, da masu ba da shawara sun samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat. Bloomberg New Energy Finance<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> da McKinsey & Company<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> sun samar da nazarin tattalin arziki game da rage fitar da iskar gas ga [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. ICF International ta samar da takamaiman tsarin California biyo bayan [[Dokar Magance Dumamar Duniya ta 2006|Dokar Maganin Warming na Duniya ta 2006]] kamar yadda Sweeney da Weyant suka yi.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Cibiyar Wuppertal don Yanayi, Muhalli da Makamashi ta samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat da yawa ga Jamus (wanda ake kira Cost Potential Curves), dangane da hangen nesa (mai amfani, kayan aiki, al'umma). [[Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka|Hukumar Kare Muhalli]] ta Amurka ta yi aiki a kan raguwar farashin farashi don fitar da hayaki ba tare da carbon dioxide ba kamar [[methane]], N2O, da hydrofluorocarbons.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Enerdata da Laboratory na Tattalin Arziki na Fitarwa da Haɗin kai- Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa (Faransa) tana samar da ƙananan farashin farashi tare da hangen nesa akan Tsarin Makamashi na Tsawon Lokaci (POLES) don tsarin iskar gas na Kyoto Protocol 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> An yi amfani da waɗannan ƙuƙwalwar ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a da masu zaman kansu ko dai don tantance manufofin carbon ko ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin nazarin kasuwar carbon. Shirin ci gaban makamashi mai ƙarancin carbon na Bankin Duniya na 2013 don Najeriya, wanda aka shirya tare da Bankin Duniya, yana amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigal da aka kirkira a cikin Analytica. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Harkokin tattalin arziki na muhalli|Tattalin arzikin muhalli]] * Kudin da aka kashe * Kudin zamantakewa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f5019f5irewk58vc5o1llzzah80jp2r 824032 824031 2026-04-22T08:40:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 824032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kudin ragewa''' shine farashin rage mummunan muhalli kamar [[Gurbatar yanayi|gurɓataccen yanayi]]. Farashin iyaka shine ra'ayi na tattalin arziki wanda ke auna farashin ƙarin raka'a. '''Kudin raguwa''', gabaɗaya, yana auna farashin rage ƙarin ɗayan gurɓataccen. Kudin raguwa na gefe kuma ana kiransa "farashin gefe" na rage irin waɗannan abubuwan muhalli. Kodayake farashin raguwa na gefe na iya zama mara kyau, kamar lokacin da ƙananan zaɓin carbon ya fi rahusa fiye da zaɓin kasuwanci-kamar yadda aka saba, farashin raguwa sau da yawa yana ƙaruwa sosai yayin da aka rage ƙarin gurɓataccen yanayi. A wasu kalmomi, ya zama mafi tsada [fasaha ko canje-canje na ababen more rayuwa] don rage gurɓata bayan wani batu. Ana amfani da farashin raguwa na gefe a kan tsayin daka na raguwa, wanda ke nuna farashin raguwa da ƙarin raguwa a gurɓataccen yanayi. == Amfani da shi == 'Yan kasuwa na carbon suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don samun aikin samarwa don tsara mahimman farashin carbon. Kamfanonin wutar lantarki na iya amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat don jagorantar yanke shawara game da dabarun saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci don zaɓar daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa da zaɓuɓɓukan ƙarni. Masana tattalin arziki sun yi amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don bayyana tattalin arzikin kasuwancin carbon na yankuna.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Masu tsara manufofi suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga a matsayin ƙididdigan ƙididdigal, don nazarin yadda za'a iya yin raguwa a cikin tattalin arziki a wane farashi, kuma inda ya kamata a ba da umarni ga manufofi don cimma raguwar fitarwa. Duk da haka, bai kamata a yi amfani da lanƙwasa farashin rage farashi a matsayin lanƙwasa samar da rage farashi ba (ko kuma ya dace da lanƙwasa tsari) don yanke shawara kan matakan da za a aiwatar domin cimma wani burin rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. Hakika, zaɓuɓɓukan da suka lissafa za su ɗauki shekaru da dama kafin a aiwatar da su, kuma yana iya zama mafi kyau a aiwatar da matakai masu tsada amma masu yuwuwa kafin a gabatar da matakai masu rahusa.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> == Rashin amincewa == Hanyar da ake gina ƙididdigar ƙididdigas ƙididdigal an soki ta saboda rashin nuna gaskiya da rashin kulawa da take yi na rashin tabbas, yanayin lokaci-lokaci, hulɗa tsakanin sassa da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai damuwa game da matsayi mai son kai wanda ke faruwa idan wasu zaɓuɓɓukan da aka haɗa suna da farashi mara kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=D. J. |date=2014-10-01 |title=The failure of marginal abatement cost curves in optimising a transition to a low carbon energy supply |journal=Energy Policy |volume=73 |pages=820–822 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2014.03.008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wallis |first=Max |year=1992 |title=Greenhouse ranking of gas-fuelling |journal=Energy Policy |language=en |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=174–176 |doi=10.1016/0301-4215(92)90112-f}}</ref> == Misalan ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigas == A duk duniya, nazarin farashi na raguwa ya nuna cewa inganta [[Amfani da makamashi mai inganci|ingancin makamashi]] na gine-gine da maye gurbin masana'antun wutar lantarki da ke amfani da burbushin halittu tare da sabuntawa yawanci sune hanyoyin da suka fi tsada don rage hayakin carbon. Masana tattalin arziki daban-daban, kungiyoyin bincike, da masu ba da shawara sun samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat. Bloomberg New Energy Finance<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> da McKinsey & Company<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> sun samar da nazarin tattalin arziki game da rage fitar da iskar gas ga [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. ICF International ta samar da takamaiman tsarin California biyo bayan [[Dokar Magance Dumamar Duniya ta 2006|Dokar Maganin Warming na Duniya ta 2006]] kamar yadda Sweeney da Weyant suka yi.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Cibiyar Wuppertal don Yanayi, Muhalli da Makamashi ta samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat da yawa ga Jamus (wanda ake kira Cost Potential Curves), dangane da hangen nesa (mai amfani, kayan aiki, al'umma). [[Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka|Hukumar Kare Muhalli]] ta Amurka ta yi aiki a kan raguwar farashin farashi don fitar da hayaki ba tare da carbon dioxide ba kamar [[methane]], N2O, da hydrofluorocarbons.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Enerdata da Laboratory na Tattalin Arziki na Fitarwa da Haɗin kai- Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa (Faransa) tana samar da ƙananan farashin farashi tare da hangen nesa akan Tsarin Makamashi na Tsawon Lokaci (POLES) don tsarin iskar gas na Kyoto Protocol 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> An yi amfani da waɗannan ƙuƙwalwar ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a da masu zaman kansu ko dai don tantance manufofin carbon ko ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin nazarin kasuwar carbon. Shirin ci gaban makamashi mai ƙarancin carbon na Bankin Duniya na 2013 don Najeriya, wanda aka shirya tare da Bankin Duniya, yana amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigal da aka kirkira a cikin Analytica.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Harkokin tattalin arziki na muhalli|Tattalin arzikin muhalli]] * Kudin da aka kashe * Kudin zamantakewa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9aeipmjg0hn34fag7g5brcjf21scvmb 824033 824032 2026-04-22T08:40:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 824033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kudin ragewa''' shine farashin rage mummunan muhalli kamar [[Gurbatar yanayi|gurɓataccen yanayi]]. Farashin iyaka shine ra'ayi na tattalin arziki wanda ke auna farashin ƙarin raka'a. '''Kudin raguwa''', gabaɗaya, yana auna farashin rage ƙarin ɗayan gurɓataccen. Kudin raguwa na gefe kuma ana kiransa "farashin gefe" na rage irin waɗannan abubuwan muhalli. Kodayake farashin raguwa na gefe na iya zama mara kyau, kamar lokacin da ƙananan zaɓin carbon ya fi rahusa fiye da zaɓin kasuwanci-kamar yadda aka saba, farashin raguwa sau da yawa yana ƙaruwa sosai yayin da aka rage ƙarin gurɓataccen yanayi. A wasu kalmomi, ya zama mafi tsada [fasaha ko canje-canje na ababen more rayuwa] don rage gurɓata bayan wani batu. Ana amfani da farashin raguwa na gefe a kan tsayin daka na raguwa, wanda ke nuna farashin raguwa da ƙarin raguwa a gurɓataccen yanayi. == Amfani da shi == 'Yan kasuwa na carbon suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don samun aikin samarwa don tsara mahimman farashin carbon. Kamfanonin wutar lantarki na iya amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat don jagorantar yanke shawara game da dabarun saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci don zaɓar daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa da zaɓuɓɓukan ƙarni. Masana tattalin arziki sun yi amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don bayyana tattalin arzikin kasuwancin carbon na yankuna.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Masu tsara manufofi suna amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga a matsayin ƙididdigan ƙididdigal, don nazarin yadda za'a iya yin raguwa a cikin tattalin arziki a wane farashi, kuma inda ya kamata a ba da umarni ga manufofi don cimma raguwar fitarwa. Duk da haka, bai kamata a yi amfani da lanƙwasa farashin rage farashi a matsayin lanƙwasa samar da rage farashi ba (ko kuma ya dace da lanƙwasa tsari) don yanke shawara kan matakan da za a aiwatar domin cimma wani burin rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. Hakika, zaɓuɓɓukan da suka lissafa za su ɗauki shekaru da dama kafin a aiwatar da su, kuma yana iya zama mafi kyau a aiwatar da matakai masu tsada amma masu yuwuwa kafin a gabatar da matakai masu rahusa.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> == Rashin amincewa == Hanyar da ake gina ƙididdigar ƙididdigas ƙididdigal an soki ta saboda rashin nuna gaskiya da rashin kulawa da take yi na rashin tabbas, yanayin lokaci-lokaci, hulɗa tsakanin sassa da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai damuwa game da matsayi mai son kai wanda ke faruwa idan wasu zaɓuɓɓukan da aka haɗa suna da farashi mara kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=D. J. |date=2014-10-01 |title=The failure of marginal abatement cost curves in optimising a transition to a low carbon energy supply |journal=Energy Policy |volume=73 |pages=820–822 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2014.03.008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wallis |first=Max |year=1992 |title=Greenhouse ranking of gas-fuelling |journal=Energy Policy |language=en |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=174–176 |doi=10.1016/0301-4215(92)90112-f}}</ref> == Misalan ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigas == A duk duniya, nazarin farashi na raguwa ya nuna cewa inganta [[Amfani da makamashi mai inganci|ingancin makamashi]] na gine-gine da maye gurbin masana'antun wutar lantarki da ke amfani da burbushin halittu tare da sabuntawa yawanci sune hanyoyin da suka fi tsada don rage hayakin carbon. Masana tattalin arziki daban-daban, kungiyoyin bincike, da masu ba da shawara sun samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat. Bloomberg New Energy Finance<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> da McKinsey & Company<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> sun samar da nazarin tattalin arziki game da rage fitar da iskar gas ga [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. ICF International ta samar da takamaiman tsarin California biyo bayan [[Dokar Magance Dumamar Duniya ta 2006|Dokar Maganin Warming na Duniya ta 2006]] kamar yadda Sweeney da Weyant suka yi.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Cibiyar Wuppertal don Yanayi, Muhalli da Makamashi ta samar da ƙididdigar ƙididdigat da yawa ga Jamus (wanda ake kira Cost Potential Curves), dangane da hangen nesa (mai amfani, kayan aiki, al'umma). [[Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka|Hukumar Kare Muhalli]] ta Amurka ta yi aiki a kan raguwar farashin farashi don fitar da hayaki ba tare da carbon dioxide ba kamar [[methane]], N2O, da hydrofluorocarbons.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> Enerdata da Laboratory na Tattalin Arziki na Fitarwa da Haɗin kai- Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa (Faransa) tana samar da ƙananan farashin farashi tare da hangen nesa akan Tsarin Makamashi na Tsawon Lokaci (POLES) don tsarin iskar gas na Kyoto Protocol 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> An yi amfani da waɗannan ƙuƙwalwar ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a da masu zaman kansu ko dai don tantance manufofin carbon ko ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin nazarin kasuwar carbon. Shirin ci gaban makamashi mai ƙarancin carbon na Bankin Duniya na 2013 don Najeriya, wanda aka shirya tare da Bankin Duniya, yana amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigal da aka kirkira a cikin Analytica.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ellerman, A.D. and Decaux, A., Analysis of post-Kyoto CO₂ emissions trading using marginal abatement curves, 1998. |url=http://web.mit.edu/globalchange/www/MITJPSPGC_Rpt40.pdf |access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Harkokin tattalin arziki na muhalli|Tattalin arzikin muhalli]] * Kudin da aka kashe * Kudin zamantakewa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ac6heczhzd8mbsi6yha705z4prf47pa 0 123740 823701 749383 2026-04-21T15:50:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 823701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joseph Bennett & Son''' sun fara buga littafin '''''The Blackheath Beacon''''' a watan Nuwamba na 1930 kuma suka daina bugawa da fitowarsa ta ashirin a ranar 27 ga Maris na 1931. An buga shi a cikin Blackheath . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-05 |title=Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains |url=http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html |access-date=2015-07-28 |website=Blue Mountains Local Studies}}</ref> == Tarihi == Joseph Bennett & Son sun fara buga jaridar The Blackheath Beacon a watan Nuwamba na 1930. An buɗe ofishin gida da ma'ajiyar littattafai a Blackheath a kusurwar Hat Hill Road da titin Wentworth kuma an yaɗa takardar ta Blackheath, Medlow Bath, Mount Victoria da Hartley Vale. Duk da haka, Beacon bai zama "abin damuwa ba" kuma ofishin gida ya rufe a watan Fabrairu na 1931. An ci gaba da buga takardar a ofishin Bennett's Cascade Street da ke Katoomba na tsawon wata ɗaya ko makamancin haka amma daga ƙarshe aka daina buga ta da fitowarta ta ashirin a ranar 27 ga Maris 1931. [1] Fitowa ta 1-8 (watau 7 ga Nuwamba 1930 - 2 ga Janairu 1931) sun lalace sosai. An yage rabin saman kowane shafi. Fitowa ta 3 (21 ga Nuwamba 1930) ba ta nan. An buga kwafin fitowar 5 mai kama da ta fakis (5 ga Disamba 1930) shekaru da suka gabata kuma an ajiye kwafin a cikin tarin Nazarin Gida na Laburaren Blue Mountains City. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-05 |title=Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains |url=http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html |access-date=2015-07-28 |website=Blue Mountains Local Studies}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html "Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains"]. ''Blue Mountains Local Studies''. 5 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Tsarin dijital == An mayar da ''Blackheath Beacon'' zuwa dijital a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Shirin Digitisation na Jaridun Australiya na Laburaren Ƙasa na Australiya . <ref name="NLA-digitised titles">{{Cite web |title=Newspaper and Magazine Titles |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/about |access-date=29 May 2013 |website=Trove |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> <ref name="ANDP">{{Cite web |title=Newspaper Digitisation Program |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/content/newspaper-digitisation-program |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702090621/http://www.nla.gov.au/content/newspaper-digitisation-program |archive-date=2 July 2015 |access-date=29 May 2013 |website=Australian Newspaper Digitisation Program |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin jaridu a New South Wales * Jerin jaridu a Ostiraliya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} c4jkczyu1smzcpayj3a9b920h6c42g2 823702 823701 2026-04-21T15:50:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 823702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joseph Bennett & Son''' sun fara buga littafin '''''The Blackheath Beacon''''' a watan Nuwamba na 1930 kuma suka daina bugawa da fitowarsa ta ashirin a ranar 27 ga Maris na 1931. An buga shi a cikin Blackheath.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-05 |title=Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains |url=http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html |access-date=2015-07-28 |website=Blue Mountains Local Studies}}</ref> == Tarihi == Joseph Bennett & Son sun fara buga jaridar The Blackheath Beacon a watan Nuwamba na 1930. An buɗe ofishin gida da ma'ajiyar littattafai a Blackheath a kusurwar Hat Hill Road da titin Wentworth kuma an yaɗa takardar ta Blackheath, Medlow Bath, Mount Victoria da Hartley Vale. Duk da haka, Beacon bai zama "abin damuwa ba" kuma ofishin gida ya rufe a watan Fabrairu na 1931. An ci gaba da buga takardar a ofishin Bennett's Cascade Street da ke Katoomba na tsawon wata ɗaya ko makamancin haka amma daga ƙarshe aka daina buga ta da fitowarta ta ashirin a ranar 27 ga Maris 1931. [1] Fitowa ta 1-8 (watau 7 ga Nuwamba 1930 - 2 ga Janairu 1931) sun lalace sosai. An yage rabin saman kowane shafi. Fitowa ta 3 (21 ga Nuwamba 1930) ba ta nan. An buga kwafin fitowar 5 mai kama da ta fakis (5 ga Disamba 1930) shekaru da suka gabata kuma an ajiye kwafin a cikin tarin Nazarin Gida na Laburaren Blue Mountains City. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-05 |title=Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains |url=http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html |access-date=2015-07-28 |website=Blue Mountains Local Studies}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html "Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains"]. ''Blue Mountains Local Studies''. 5 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Tsarin dijital == An mayar da ''Blackheath Beacon'' zuwa dijital a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Shirin Digitisation na Jaridun Australiya na Laburaren Ƙasa na Australiya . <ref name="NLA-digitised titles">{{Cite web |title=Newspaper and Magazine Titles |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/about |access-date=29 May 2013 |website=Trove |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> <ref name="ANDP">{{Cite web |title=Newspaper Digitisation Program |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/content/newspaper-digitisation-program |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702090621/http://www.nla.gov.au/content/newspaper-digitisation-program |archive-date=2 July 2015 |access-date=29 May 2013 |website=Australian Newspaper Digitisation Program |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin jaridu a New South Wales * Jerin jaridu a Ostiraliya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 14epjxzj4l77wgw7obcxtowqmuqavfy 823703 823702 2026-04-21T15:51:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 823703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joseph Bennett & Son''' sun fara buga littafin '''''The Blackheath Beacon''''' a watan Nuwamba na 1930 kuma suka daina bugawa da fitowarsa ta ashirin a ranar 27 ga Maris na 1931. An buga shi a cikin Blackheath.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-05 |title=Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains |url=http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html |access-date=2015-07-28 |website=Blue Mountains Local Studies}}</ref> == Tarihi == Joseph Bennett & Son sun fara buga jaridar The Blackheath Beacon a watan Nuwamba na 1930. An buɗe ofishin gida da ma'ajiyar littattafai a Blackheath a kusurwar Hat Hill Road da titin Wentworth kuma an yaɗa takardar ta Blackheath, Medlow Bath, Mount Victoria da Hartley Vale. Duk da haka, Beacon bai zama "abin damuwa ba" kuma ofishin gida ya rufe a watan Fabrairu na 1931. An ci gaba da buga takardar a ofishin Bennett's Cascade Street da ke Katoomba na tsawon wata ɗaya ko makamancin haka amma daga ƙarshe aka daina buga ta da fitowarta ta ashirin a ranar 27 ga Maris 1931. Fitowa ta 1-8 (watau 7 ga Nuwamba 1930 - 2 ga Janairu 1931) sun lalace sosai. An yage rabin saman kowane shafi. Fitowa ta 3 (21 ga Nuwamba 1930) ba ta nan. An buga kwafin fitowar 5 mai kama da ta fakis (5 ga Disamba 1930) shekaru da suka gabata kuma an ajiye kwafin a cikin tarin Nazarin Gida na Laburaren Blue Mountains City. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-05 |title=Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains |url=http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html |access-date=2015-07-28 |website=Blue Mountains Local Studies}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html "Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains"]. ''Blue Mountains Local Studies''. 5 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Tsarin dijital == An mayar da ''Blackheath Beacon'' zuwa dijital a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Shirin Digitisation na Jaridun Australiya na Laburaren Ƙasa na Australiya . <ref name="NLA-digitised titles">{{Cite web |title=Newspaper and Magazine Titles |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/about |access-date=29 May 2013 |website=Trove |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> <ref name="ANDP">{{Cite web |title=Newspaper Digitisation Program |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/content/newspaper-digitisation-program |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702090621/http://www.nla.gov.au/content/newspaper-digitisation-program |archive-date=2 July 2015 |access-date=29 May 2013 |website=Australian Newspaper Digitisation Program |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin jaridu a New South Wales * Jerin jaridu a Ostiraliya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} hk4uzfjcrrat4q5r18g8mah16nkoulm 823704 823703 2026-04-21T15:51:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 823704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joseph Bennett & Son''' sun fara buga littafin '''''The Blackheath Beacon''''' a watan Nuwamba na 1930 kuma suka daina bugawa da fitowarsa ta ashirin a ranar 27 ga Maris na 1931. An buga shi a cikin Blackheath.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-05 |title=Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains |url=http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html |access-date=2015-07-28 |website=Blue Mountains Local Studies}}</ref> == Tarihi == Joseph Bennett & Son sun fara buga jaridar The Blackheath Beacon a watan Nuwamba na 1930. An buɗe ofishin gida da ma'ajiyar littattafai a Blackheath a kusurwar Hat Hill Road da titin Wentworth kuma an yaɗa takardar ta Blackheath, Medlow Bath, Mount Victoria da Hartley Vale. Duk da haka, Beacon bai zama "abin damuwa ba" kuma ofishin gida ya rufe a watan Fabrairu na 1931. An ci gaba da buga takardar a ofishin Bennett's Cascade Street da ke Katoomba na tsawon wata ɗaya ko makamancin haka amma daga ƙarshe aka daina buga ta da fitowarta ta ashirin a ranar 27 ga Maris 1931. Fitowa ta 1-8 (watau 7 ga Nuwamba 1930 - 2 ga Janairu 1931) sun lalace sosai. An yage rabin saman kowane shafi. Fitowa ta 3 (21 ga Nuwamba 1930) ba ta nan. An buga kwafin fitowar 5 mai kama da ta fakis (5 ga Disamba 1930) shekaru da suka gabata kuma an ajiye kwafin a cikin tarin Nazarin Gida na Laburaren Blue Mountains City. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-05 |title=Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains |url=http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html |access-date=2015-07-28 |website=Blue Mountains Local Studies}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html "Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains"]. ''Blue Mountains Local Studies''. 5 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Tsarin dijital == An mayar da ''Blackheath Beacon'' zuwa dijital a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Shirin Digitisation na Jaridun Australiya na Laburaren Ƙasa na Australiya . <ref name="NLA-digitised titles">{{Cite web |title=Newspaper and Magazine Titles |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/about |access-date=29 May 2013 |website=Trove |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> <ref name="ANDP">{{Cite web |title=Newspaper Digitisation Program |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/content/newspaper-digitisation-program |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702090621/http://www.nla.gov.au/content/newspaper-digitisation-program |archive-date=2 July 2015 |access-date=29 May 2013 |website=Australian Newspaper Digitisation Program |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin jaridu a New South Wales * Jerin jaridu a [[Ostiraliya (nahiya)|Ostiraliya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} mdshg6zcugfzgdzxaq4zw0lr9tq0m1n 823705 823704 2026-04-21T15:51:43Z Pharouqenr 25549 823705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joseph Bennett & Son''' sun fara buga littafin '''''The Blackheath Beacon''''' a watan Nuwamba na 1930 kuma suka daina bugawa da fitowarsa ta ashirin a ranar 27 ga Maris na 1931. An buga shi a cikin Blackheath.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-05 |title=Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains |url=http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html |access-date=2015-07-28 |website=Blue Mountains Local Studies}}</ref> == Tarihi == Joseph Bennett & Son sun fara buga jaridar The Blackheath Beacon a watan Nuwamba na 1930. An buɗe ofishin gida da ma'ajiyar littattafai a Blackheath a kusurwar Hat Hill Road da titin Wentworth kuma an yaɗa takardar ta Blackheath, Medlow Bath, Mount Victoria da Hartley Vale. Duk da haka, Beacon bai zama "abin damuwa ba" kuma ofishin gida ya rufe a watan Fabrairu na 1931. An ci gaba da buga takardar a ofishin Bennett's Cascade Street da ke Katoomba na tsawon wata ɗaya ko makamancin haka amma daga ƙarshe aka daina buga ta da fitowarta ta ashirin a ranar 27 ga Maris 1931. Fitowa ta 1-8 (watau 7 ga Nuwamba 1930 - 2 ga Janairu 1931) sun lalace sosai. An yage rabin saman kowane shafi. Fitowa ta 3 (21 ga Nuwamba 1930) ba ta nan. An buga kwafin fitowar 5 mai kama da ta fakis (5 ga Disamba 1930) shekaru da suka gabata kuma an ajiye kwafin a cikin tarin Nazarin Gida na Laburaren Blue Mountains City. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-05 |title=Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains |url=http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html |access-date=2015-07-28 |website=Blue Mountains Local Studies}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://bmlocalstudies.blogspot.com.au/2012/11/newspapers-of-blue-mountains.html "Blue Mountains Local Studies: Newspapers of The Blue Mountains"]. ''Blue Mountains Local Studies''. 5 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Tsarin dijital == An mayar da ''Blackheath Beacon'' zuwa dijital a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Shirin Digitisation na Jaridun Australiya na Laburaren Ƙasa na Australiya.<ref name="NLA-digitised titles">{{Cite web |title=Newspaper and Magazine Titles |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/about |access-date=29 May 2013 |website=Trove |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref name="ANDP">{{Cite web |title=Newspaper Digitisation Program |url=http://www.nla.gov.au/content/newspaper-digitisation-program |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702090621/http://www.nla.gov.au/content/newspaper-digitisation-program |archive-date=2 July 2015 |access-date=29 May 2013 |website=Australian Newspaper Digitisation Program |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin jaridu a New South Wales * Jerin jaridu a [[Ostiraliya (nahiya)|Ostiraliya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} qjy7e1otnbrewyqtkdcyebd8jkv4c4q 0 124125 823869 750428 2026-04-21T23:24:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Benjakitti_Forest_Park_(I).jpg|thumb|Gidan shakatawa na Benjakitti a [[Bangkok]]]] A cikin tsara amfani da ƙasa, sararin samaniya na birane wuraren budewa ne da aka tanada don [[Mashaƙata|wuraren shakatawa]] da sauran sararin samaniya. Wadannan sun hada da [[Shuka|rayuwar shuka]], siffofin ruwa - wanda aka fi sani da sararin samaniya - da sauran nau'ikan mahalli na halitta. Yawancin wuraren budewa na birane sune wuraren kore, kodayake wasu na iya kunshe da wasu nau'ikan wuraren budewa. Yanayin sararin samaniya na birane na iya kasancewa daga filayen wasa da sauran wuraren da aka kiyaye sosai zuwa wasu wurare na halitta waɗanda suka bayyana ba su da kulawa. Yankunan kore na birane na iya haɗawa da wuraren da ba a iya samun su ba, kamar makarantun ilimi mafi girma masu zaman kansu, filayen wasanni na makaranta, yankuna, unguwa ko wuraren shakatawa da lambuna, da kuma makarantun kamfanoni. Yankunan da ke waje da iyakokin birni, kamar wuraren shakatawa na jihohi da na kasa ko wuraren budewa na ƙauyuka, ba a dauke su a matsayin wuraren bude birane ba. Boulevards, piazzas, plazas, da kuma birane squares ba a rarraba su a matsayin birane bude sarari a cikin ƙasa-amfani da tsara. == Ma'anar da ra'ayoyi == [[Fayil:Utfärder_och_solbad_i_Kuppisparken_2011.jpg|thumb|{{Interlanguage link|Kupittaa Park|fi|Kupittaanpuisto}} (''Kupittaanpuisto'') is a large urban open space area in [[Turku]], [[Southwest Finland]]. It is the largest and oldest park in [[Finland]].]] [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO)]] ta bayyana wuraren kore na birane a matsayin "duk ƙasar birane da ke rufe da ciyayi na kowane nau'i". A cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi, ana amfani da "sararin budewa na birni" ko "sararin buɗewa" sau da yawa don bayyana manyan wuraren budewa. Ɗaya daga cikin ma'anar da aka yi amfani da ita ya bayyana sararin samaniya kamar haka: === Muhalli === [[Fayil:Blackstone_Park,_Providence_Rhode_Island.jpg|right|thumb|Gundumar Kula da Gidajen Blackstone, wani yanki na kiyaye birane a Providence, Rhode Island .]] Yankunan kore na iya inganta ingancin iska na birane da samar da wurin zama ga namun daji, inganta lafiyar muhalli gaba ɗaya na yanayin birane. Hakanan suna iya rage haɗarin [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]] ta hanyar samar da [[Ruwan sama]].<ref>[https://www.turku.fi/en/culture-and-sports/recreation/parks/kupittanpuisto-kupittaa-park Kupittanpuisto – Kupittaa Park]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Kyakkyawan === Yankunan birane suma suna da wani darajar kyawawan abubuwa. Mutane suna jin daɗin kallon yanayi, musamman idan ba shi da yawa, kamar yadda yake a cikin birane. Sabili da haka, sararin samaniya yana ba da darajar "sake maye gurbin kayan aikin launin toka". Wani mai bincike ya lura da yadda [[Neighbourhood|unguwanni]] masu kyau ke ba da gudummawa ga halayen kirki da ka'idojin zamantakewa waɗanda ke ƙarfafa tafiya da dabi'un al'umma. <ref>[https://www.turku.fi/en/culture-and-sports/recreation/parks/kupittanpuisto-kupittaa-park Kupittanpuisto – Kupittaa Park]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gidajen da ke kusa da wuraren bude birane suna da darajar da ta fi girma. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken ya iya nuna cewa, "ra'ayi mai kyau na iya haifar da karuwa mai yawa a farashin gida, musamman idan gidan yana kallon ruwa (8-10%) ko sararin samaniya (6-12%). " Wasu fa'idodi na iya samuwa daga fallasawa ga nau'ikan yanayi na halitta, ma.<ref>[https://kissmyturku.com/kohdekortit/kupittaa-park Kupittaa Park – Kiss My Turku]</ref> Misali, mutanen da aka nuna hotuna na shimfidar wuri, yanayin halitta sun kara aikin kwakwalwa a yankin da ke da alaƙa da tunawa da farin ciki, idan aka kwatanta da mutanen da aka Nuna hotuna na birane.<ref>[https://www.turku.fi/en/culture-and-sports/recreation/parks/kupittanpuisto-kupittaa-park Kupittanpuisto – Kupittaa Park]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == dptok1jherv55l8e2xyxzw69ziys3i9 0 124974 823864 752994 2026-04-21T22:25:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Al'adu na Araluen''', wanda a da yake '''Cibiyar Fasaha da Nishaɗi ta Araluen''', a Alice Springs (Mparntwe) a Yankin Arewacin Ostiraliya, yanki ne na al'adu wanda ya haɗa da '''Cibiyar Fasaha ta Araluen''', [[Museum of Central Australia|Gidan Tarihi na Tsakiyar Ostiraliya]] (wanda ya haɗa da Cibiyar Bincike ta Strehlow ), Gidan Tarihi na Jiragen Sama na Tsakiyar Ostiraliya, Tunawa da Kookaburra, Zane-zanen Yeperenye, Sana'o'in Tsakiya, Cafe na Yaye da wuraren ibada na Aboriginal.<ref name="fhc">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Araluen Cultural Precinct |url=https://tfhc.nt.gov.au/arts-and-culture/araluen-cultural-precinct |access-date=25 September 2021 |website=Department of Territory Families, Housing and Communities}}</ref> == Cibiyar zane-zane == Cibiyar Fasaha ta Araluen tana da ɗakunan zane-zane guda huɗu (gami da Albert Namatjira Gallery [1] ) da kuma tarin zane-zane masu mahimmanci daga ko'ina cikin yankin. Kowace shekara tana gudanar da babban taron zane-zane na First Nations a tsakiyar Australia, Desert Mob. Ana nuna wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye na wasan kwaikwayo, rawa da kiɗa, da kuma fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa da masu zaman kansu a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ke ɗaukar kimanin mutane ɗari biyar. Tagar gaba zuwa ɓangaren fasaha na tsakiyar cibiyar wani babban aikin fasaha ne na gilashi mai launi, wanda aka yi a gida, wanda Wenten Rubuntja ya tsara kuma bisa ga zanensa ''na Arrernte Country'' (1987).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Public Art {{!}} Araluen Arts Centre |url=https://araluenartscentre.nt.gov.au/public-art |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=araluenartscentre.nt.gov.au}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Jenny |date=2008 |title=Stained Glass Window: the painting by Wenten Rubuntja |url=https://www.araluenartscentre.nt.gov.au/sites/default/files/uploads/files/stained_glass_june_08.pdf |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Araluen Art Centre |archive-date=2025-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416190338/https://araluenartscentre.nt.gov.au/sites/default/files/uploads/files/stained_glass_june_08.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} jodkjhguok1fnw56v9u8vru3e3102j9 0 125225 824128 753649 2026-04-22T10:08:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ibn_al-Bawwab_-_Qurʾan_f._278v-279r.jpg|thumb|Kwafin Alƙur'ani na Ibn al-Bawwab a shekara ta 1000/1001 CE, wanda ake kyautata zaton shine misali na farko na Alƙur'ani da aka rubuta da rubutun lanƙwasa.]] [[Fayil:Calligrapher_Fahd_AlMujahedi.png|right|thumb|Mai rubuta rubutun Larabci]] '''Rubutun Larabci''' aikin fasaha ne na rubutun hannu da rubutun hannu bisa ga [[Baƙaƙen larabci|haruffan Larabci]] . Ana kiransa da ''khatt'' a [[Larabci]] ( Arabic ), an samo shi ne daga kalmomin 'layi', 'zane', ko 'gina'. <ref name="typography">{{Cite web |last=Julia Kaestle |date=10 July 2010 |title=Arabic calligraphy as a typographic exercise |url=http://ilovetypography.com/2008/07/10/arabic-calligraphy-as-a-typographic-exercise/}}</ref> Kufic shine mafi tsufan nau'in rubutun Larabci . Daga mahangar fasaha, an san rubutun Larabci kuma an yaba shi saboda bambancinsa da kuma babban damarsa ta ci gaba. A gaskiya ma, an haɗa shi a cikin al'adun Larabci da fannoni daban-daban kamar [[Musulunci|addini]], fasaha, gine-gine, ilimi da sana'a, waɗanda suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gabansa. Duk da cewa yawancin rubutun Musulunci yana cikin Larabci kuma yawancin rubutun Larabci Musulunci ne, su biyun ba iri ɗaya ba ne. Misali, rubutun Coptic ko wasu rubuce-rubucen Kirista a Larabci sun yi amfani da rubutun kira. Haka nan, akwai rubutun Musulunci a cikin harshen Farisa da Turkanci na Ottoman . <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date= |title=History - Persian Calligraphy- All about Persian Calligraphy |url=http://www.persiancalligraphy.org/History-of-Calligraphy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904062040/http://www.persiancalligraphy.org/History-of-Calligraphy.html |archive-date=2015-09-04 |access-date=2021-03-17 |website=persiancalligraphy.org}}</ref> == Haruffan Larabci == [[Baƙaƙen larabci|Haruffan Larabci]] yana ɗaya daga cikin rubutun da aka fi amfani da su a duniya. Masana da yawa sun yi imanin cewa an ƙirƙiri haruffan ne a kusa da ƙarni na 4 AD. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Haruffan sun ƙunshi haruffa 28 da aka rubuta daga dama zuwa hagu. Kowace harafi ana iya rubuta ta hanyoyi huɗu, ya danganta da inda aka sanya harafin a cikin kalma. Waɗannan wurare huɗu kuma ana kiransu da farko, tsakiya, ƙarshe da kuma keɓewa. Duk haruffa na iya haɗawa daga gefen dama (watau zuwa harafin da ya gabata), amma wasu ba sa haɗuwa daga gefen hagu (watau zuwa harafin da ke gaba). Haruffa uku kuma na iya wakiltar wasulan dogaye a wasu yanayi, wato ālif (ا), wāw (و), da yā (ي). == Aiwatarwa == Alƙalaman da ake amfani da su wajen rubuta rubutun Larabci sun bambanta da na Latin. Kayan aikin da ake amfani da su wajen rubuta rubutun kalmomi sun haɗa da nau'ikan alkalami da tawada. Alƙalamin rubutun kalmomi da aka fi amfani da su shine [[Kalam|Qalam]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-05-15 |title=Lettering Pens – Huge overview |url=https://lettering.org/supplies/pens/ |access-date=2019-04-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (February 2025)">tabbacin da ya gaza</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> === Alkalami na Khamish === Masu rubuta rubutun hannu na Larabawa, Turkiyya, da Iran suna amfani da alkalami na Khamish wanda aka fi sani da alkalami mai kauri. Ana noma sandar alkalami a gefen koguna. Duk da cewa an yi amfani da wannan alkalami sama da shekaru 500, shirya alkalami tsari ne mai tsawo. === Alkalami na Java === [[Java pen|Alkalami na Java]] an san shi da taurin kayan aikin da kuma ikon ƙirƙirar gefuna masu kaifi. Alkalami yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi ga ƙananan rubuce-rubuce. === Handam alkalami === Alƙalami na Handam yana da ƙarfi iri ɗaya da alƙalami na Java. Alƙalami yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi ga kowane irin rubutun rubutu. <ref name="hamdan pen specifics">{{Cite web |title=The Handam Pen |url=https://arabiccalligraphysupplies.com/handam |website=Arabic Calligraphy Supplies |access-date=2025-12-28 |archive-date=2025-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125001603/https://arabiccalligraphysupplies.com/handam |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Alkalami na Celi === Ana amfani da alkalami na Celi don manyan rubuce-rubuce a cikin rubutun Larabci. Waɗannan alkalami an yi su ne da katako kuma an yanke su kuma an haƙa su. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> == Juyin Halitta == Rubutun Larabci ya samo asali ne daga kayan aiki na sadarwa da takardu zuwa siffar fasaha a cikin ƙarni 13, an kuma aiwatar da shi a wasu fannoni daban-daban kamar [[lissafi]] da ilmin taurari . Tsarin ado ne na tsakiya a cikin fasahar Musulunci, kamar ƙirar ado da gine-gine. Masana tarihi suna ɗaukar [[:ar:قطبة_المحرر|Qutba al-Muharrir]] a matsayin ƙwararren rubutun Larabci na farko. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Juyin halittar rubutun Larabci ya haifar da bayyanar rubuce-rubuce daban-daban, gami da salon rubutun lanƙwasa kamar Nastaliq da Ruq'ah, da ƙarin salon kusurwa mai kusurwa kamar Kufic . Siffofin harshe na rubutun Larabci suna raba tsakanin dukkan rubutun duk da bambance-bambancen salo. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="Failed to validate claim (September 2024)">mafi kyau&nbsp;tushe&nbsp;ana buƙata</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> == Rubuce-rubuce == === Kufic === [[Fayil:Qur'an_folio_11th_century_kufic.jpg|thumb|Rubutun Alqur'ani na karni na 11]] Da farko ana amfani da salon rubutun Larabci na Kufic don rubutu a kan dutse da ƙarfe, an sami sunansa saboda haihuwarsa a birnin Kufa, Iraki. Wannan rubutun yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin rubutun da ake amfani da su a rubutun Larabci da na Musulunci ; saboda haka, salon ya fuskanci ci gaba da sauye-sauye da yawa a rayuwarsa, yayin da aka yi ƙoƙari da yawa don kammala shi. Duk da haka, wannan kuma ya haifar da ci gaban bambance-bambance daban-daban na wannan rubutun, kamar Kufic mai fure, Kufic mai siffar murabba'i, Kufic mai ƙulli, da sauransu da yawa. Wannan kuma yana nufin akwai wasu siffofi daban-daban na rubutun Kufic. An yi amfani da salon Kufic kusan kawai ga Larabci, sabanin sauran harsuna, kamar [[Farisawa|Farisanci]] da [[Urdu]], waɗanda aka rubuta a cikin tsarin da aka samo daga Larabci; banda wannan akwai jerin waƙoƙin Farisa da aka samu a kan wani gini a [[Ghazni]] daga ƙarni na 11. {{Sfn|Schimmel|Rivolta|1992}} === Nask === [[Fayil:Qur'an_folio_in_black_Naskh_script_with_Persian_translation_in_red_Nasta‘liq_script.jpg|thumb|Rubutun Alƙur'ani a cikin baƙar rubutun Naskh tare da fassarar Farisanci a cikin ja rubutun Nasta'liq]] An ce wannan rubutun ya samo asali ne daga [[Makkah|Makka]] da [[Madinah|Madina]], wanda aka fi sani da rubutun Naskh ko Naskhī. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ana amfani da rubutun a matsayin rubutun lanƙwasa, misali a kan papyrus da takarda. Masana suna muhawara kan asalin salon, amma wasu suna ganin ya samo asali ne daga rubutun Thuluth. Amma binciken da aka yi kwanan nan a Jabal Sala a Madina ya tabbatar da cewa rubutun Naskh ya riga rubutun Thuluth kuma ya wanzu kafin Ibn Muqla al-Shirazi. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don wannan rubutun shine don rubuta [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alƙur'ani]] amma kuma an yi amfani da shi don rubutu akan kayan tarihi na ƙarfe, katako da sauran abubuwan da ake amfani da su don ado. Babban lokutan juyin halitta na wannan rubutun sune ƙarni na 3 da 4 na Hijira, wanda ya yi daidai da juyin halittar wasu salon da suka shahara kamar Rayhani, Thulth, da Muhaqqaq . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |title=أنواع الخطوط وأشكالها المختلفة |url=https://www.baianat.com/ar/books/arabic-calligraphy-culture/types-of-fonts-and-its-different-shapes |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=بيانات |language=ar-Eg}}</ref> === Sauran rubuce-rubuce === Rubuce-rubucen Thuluth, Nasta'liq da Diwani wasu rubuce-rubuce ne da ake amfani da su wajen rubuta Larabci. Rubutun Thuluth, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a zamanin da, an san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin rubutun da suka wanzu. An yi amfani da rubutun a masallatai da kuma rubutun Alqur'ani saboda bayyanar rubutun. Ana amfani da rubutun Nasta'liq fiye da rubutun Farisanci. Saboda karkacewar da ke ƙasa zuwa hagu, ana ganin rubutun ya bambanta da sauran rubutun. <ref name="shutterstock.com">{{Cite web |date=24 July 2014 |title=Arabic Writing and Scripts: A Brief Guide &#124; Shutterstock |url=https://www.shutterstock.com/blog/a-brief-guide-to-arabic-scripts-and-calligraphy}}</ref> An ƙirƙiri rubutun Diwani a zamanin Daular Usmaniyya. Layin da haruffan wannan rubutun suna haifar da kusanci yayin rubutu. Saboda wannan dalili, yana da wuya a karanta tunda haruffan suna haɗuwa. <ref name="shutterstock.com"/> [[Fayil:Folio_of_an_album_in_Thuluth_script.jpg|thumb|Folio na kundin waƙoƙi a rubutun Thuluth]] Wasu misalai kaɗan: <ref name=":0"/> * Rubutu na Rayhani * Rubutu na Muhaqqaq * Rubutu na Ruq'ah == Jerin masu rubuta rubutu == === Tsakiyar Zamani === [[Fayil:Al-kindi.jpeg|thumb|197x197px|Al-Kindi (801-873)]] * [[:ar:قطبة_المحرر|Qutba Al-Muharrir]] . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> (Zamanin Umayyawa na 8) * [https://www.emaratalyoum.com/life/four-sides/2009-01-26-1.121564 Ibrahim Al-Shajri] . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> (8) * Al-Kindi (801-873 AD) * Ibn Muqla (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 939/940) * Ibn al-Bawwab (ya rasu a shekara ta 1022) * [[Fakhr-un-Nisa]] (ƙarni na 12) === Zamanin Ottoman === * Shaikh Hamdullah (1436-1520) * Hamid Aytaç (1891-1982) * Seyyid Kasim Gubari (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1624) * Hafiz Osman (1642–1698) * Mustafa Râkim (1757–1826) * Mehmed Shevki Efendi (1829-1887) === Zamani === * Hasan Çelebi (b. 1937), Turkiyya * Ali Adjalli (an haife shi a 1939), Iran * Wijdan Ali (an haife shi a 1939), Jordan * Hashem Muhammad al-Baghdadi, Iraq * Everitte Barbee (an haife shi a 1988), Amurka * Mohammad Hosni na Siriya * Shakkir Hassan Al Sa'id (1925-2004) a Iraki * Madiha Omar 'yar asalin ƙasar Iraqi-Amurka * Hassan Massoudy ɗan ƙasar Iraqi-Faransa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1944) * Sadequain Naqqash (1930-1987), Pakistan * Ibrahim el-Salahi (b. 1930), Sudan * Mouneer Al-Shaarani (b. 1952), Syria * Mahmoud Taha (an haife shi a 1942), Jordan * Mohamed Zakariya (an haife shi a 1942), Amurka * Uthman Taha (an haife shi a shekara ta 1934), Siriya * Shafiq-Uz-Zaman Khan Pakistan * [[Hamza Asjad]] Pakistan == Gado == === Tsarin nau'in da saitin nau'in === Rubutun Larabci yana aiki a matsayin babban tushen wahayi ga ƙirar nau'in Larabci . Misali, rubutun Amiri ya samo asali ne daga rubutun Naskh da aka yi amfani da shi a Amiri Press da ke Alkahira. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Sauya salon rubutu na Larabci zuwa salon rubutu na Larabci yana haifar da ƙalubalen fasaha. === Duniyar Musulunci da wayewa === An yi imani da cewa shi ne wanda ya haifar da ci gaban rubutun Larabci; tare da ayyukan farko na rubutun Larabci da aka nuna a cikin kwafin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alqur'ani]] tun ƙarni na farko na wahayin [[Musulunci]] kamar Littafin Kur'ani na Birmingham, Codex Parisino-Petropolitanus da wasu da dama. Ana iya samun rubutun Larabci a wasu lokutan a [[Masallaci|Masallatai]] tare da sassaka ayoyin Alqur'ani / Ayah da ke kan sassan ginin kanta. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Misalin da aka fi sani da rubutun Larabci a wurin ibadar Musulunci shine Kaaba da ke Makka, Saudiyya. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Rubutun Larabci ya ƙware a cikin kalmar ''rubutun Musulunci'' idan aka danganta ta da duniyar Musulunci. === Zane === EL Seed, wani mai zane-zanen rubutu na Faransa da Tunisiya, yana amfani da rubutun Larabci a cikin ayyukansa daban-daban na fasaha, a cikin salon da ake kira ''kiragraffiti'' . <nowiki><i id="mwAU4">Hurufiyya</i></nowiki> ( {{Lang|ar|الحروفية}} motsi ''na haruffa'' ), tun farkon karni na 20, yana amfani da fasahar sarrafa rubutun Larabci da rubutu a cikin ɓoyewa. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> ''Ɗauki Siffa: Takaitaccen Bayani Daga Duniyar Larabawa, 1950-1980s'', wani shiri na shekarar 2020 a Gidan Tarihi na Grey Art na Jami'ar New York, ya binciki yadda rubutun Larabci, tare da kasancewarsa a cikin zane-zane na gani, ya rinjayi zane-zane masu ban mamaki a duniyar Larabawa . Ga Madiha Omar, haruffan Larabci hanya ce ta bayyana asalin duniya da kuma daidaita zane-zanen Yamma, yayin da Omar El-Nagdi ya binciki allahntakar rubutun Larabci. <ref name="Heinrich-2020" /> == Misalai na zamani == <gallery> Fayil:Emirates_logo.svg|alt=The Emirates logo is written in traditional Arabic calligraphy| An rubuta tambarin [[Emirates]] da rubutun gargajiya na Larabci Fayil:Learning_Arabic_calligraphy.jpg|alt=The instruments and work of a student calligrapher. The phrase written on the top of the paper shows the Shiite saying "Every day is Ashura and every land is Karbala."| Kayan kida da aikin ɗalibi mai rubuta rubutun hannu. Kalmomin da aka rubuta a saman takardar sun nuna ma'anar 'yan Shi'a cewa "Kowace rana [[Ashura]] ce kuma kowace ƙasa [[Karbala]] ce." Fayil:Visit_Saudi_Logo.svg|alt=The official logo of the Saudi Tourism website that translates to "Visit Saudi".| Tambarin hukuma na gidan yanar gizon yawon buɗe ido na Saudiyya wanda ke fassara zuwa "Ziyarci Saudiyya". Fayil:Saudi_National_Center_for_Archives_and_Records_Logo.svg|alt=Logo of the Saudi National Center for Archives and Records| Tambarin Cibiyar Tarihi da Rikodin Ƙasa [[Saudi Arebiya|ta Saudiyya]] </gallery> == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bcagphq0k1socqgh1gc4t1eh9klmmq6 0 127052 823697 759010 2026-04-21T15:49:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 823697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jami'ar Flinders''', wacce aka kafa a matsayin Jami'ar Flinders ta Kudancin [[Ostiraliya (nahiya)|Ostiraliya]] jami'ar bincike ce ta jama'a da ke [[Adelaide]], Kudancin Australia, tare da sawun da ke fadin wurare da yawa a Kudancin Australia da Yankin Arewa. Babban harabar tana cikin Bedford Park, kimanin kilomita {{Cvt|12|km}} (7.5 kudu da tsakiyar birnin Adelaide. Sauran makarantun sun hada da Tonsley, Gundumar kasuwanci ta tsakiya ta Adelaide, Renmark, Alice Springs, da Darwin. == Tarihi == === Asalin da gini === A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, harabar Jami'ar Adelaide ta Arewa tana gabatowa. A cikin 1960, Firayim Minista Thomas Playford ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba da hekta 150 (acre 370) na ƙasar mallakar gwamnati a Burbank (yanzu Bedford Park) ga Jami'ar Adelaide don kafa harabar ta biyu.<ref name="history1">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}</ref> Shirin ya fara ne a 1961. Babban wanda aka zaba na sabon harabar, masanin tattalin arziki kuma farfesa Peter Karmel, ya dage cewa sabon harabar ya kamata ya yi aiki da kansa daga harabar North Terrace. Ya yi fatan cewa harabar Bedford Park za ta kasance kyauta don kirkiro kuma ba za a ɗaure ta da al'ada ba.<ref name="history1">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm "1958 - 1965 From the ground up"]. </cite></ref> === 'Yancin kai da buɗewa === A shekara ta 1965, Jam'iyyar Labor ta Australiya ta lashe zaben jihar kuma Frank Walsh ya zama firaminista. ALP ta so ta raba ikon Jami'ar Adelaide a kan ilimi mai zurfi a jihar, kuma ta sanar da cewa sun yi niyyar harabar Bedford Park ta zama cibiyar mai zaman kanta.<ref name="history1">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm "1958 - 1965 From the ground up"]. </cite></ref> [[File:Flinders_University_Coat_of_Arms.png|thumb|Alamar makamai da aka karɓa a matsayin tambarin kafa jami'ar a 1966 kuma aka yi amfani da ita har zuwa 2022]] A ranar 17 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1966, majalisar dokokin jihar ta zartar da lissafin da ya kafa Jami'ar Flinders ta Kudancin Australia. Kodayake Jam'iyyar Labor ta fi son sunan "Jami'ar Kudancin Australia", ma'aikatan ilimi sun so a sanya sunan jami'ar bayan wani mutum "mai ban sha'awa amma ba shi da rikici". Sun zauna a kan mai ba da hanya na Burtaniya [[Matthew Flinders]], wanda ya bincika kuma ya bincika bakin tekun Kudancin Australia a cikin 1802. Kayan makamai na asali, wanda farfesa a fannin Fine Arts ya tsara, ya haɗa da kwafin jirgin Flinders ''Mai bincike'' da mujallarsa A Voyage to Terra Australis, a buɗe zuwa shafin da Flinders ya bayyana bakin tekun da ke kusa da shafin harabar.<ref name="history12">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}</ref> == Manazarta == mbqcoasqeslx30t265psvhsse6sgrwu 823698 823697 2026-04-21T15:49:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 823698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jami'ar Flinders''', wacce aka kafa a matsayin Jami'ar Flinders ta Kudancin [[Ostiraliya (nahiya)|Ostiraliya]] jami'ar bincike ce ta jama'a da ke [[Adelaide]], Kudancin Australia, tare da sawun da ke fadin wurare da yawa a Kudancin [[Asturaliya|Australia]] da Yankin Arewa. Babban harabar tana cikin Bedford Park, kimanin kilomita {{Cvt|12|km}} (7.5 kudu da tsakiyar birnin Adelaide. Sauran makarantun sun hada da Tonsley, Gundumar kasuwanci ta tsakiya ta Adelaide, Renmark, Alice Springs, da Darwin. == Tarihi == === Asalin da gini === A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, harabar Jami'ar Adelaide ta Arewa tana gabatowa. A cikin 1960, Firayim Minista Thomas Playford ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba da hekta 150 (acre 370) na ƙasar mallakar gwamnati a Burbank (yanzu Bedford Park) ga Jami'ar Adelaide don kafa harabar ta biyu.<ref name="history1">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}</ref> Shirin ya fara ne a 1961. Babban wanda aka zaba na sabon harabar, masanin tattalin arziki kuma farfesa Peter Karmel, ya dage cewa sabon harabar ya kamata ya yi aiki da kansa daga harabar North Terrace. Ya yi fatan cewa harabar Bedford Park za ta kasance kyauta don kirkiro kuma ba za a ɗaure ta da al'ada ba.<ref name="history1">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm "1958 - 1965 From the ground up"]. </cite></ref> === 'Yancin kai da buɗewa === A shekara ta 1965, Jam'iyyar Labor ta Australiya ta lashe zaben jihar kuma Frank Walsh ya zama firaminista. ALP ta so ta raba ikon Jami'ar Adelaide a kan ilimi mai zurfi a jihar, kuma ta sanar da cewa sun yi niyyar harabar Bedford Park ta zama cibiyar mai zaman kanta.<ref name="history1">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm "1958 - 1965 From the ground up"]. </cite></ref> [[File:Flinders_University_Coat_of_Arms.png|thumb|Alamar makamai da aka karɓa a matsayin tambarin kafa jami'ar a 1966 kuma aka yi amfani da ita har zuwa 2022]] A ranar 17 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1966, majalisar dokokin jihar ta zartar da lissafin da ya kafa Jami'ar Flinders ta Kudancin Australia. Kodayake Jam'iyyar Labor ta fi son sunan "Jami'ar Kudancin Australia", ma'aikatan ilimi sun so a sanya sunan jami'ar bayan wani mutum "mai ban sha'awa amma ba shi da rikici". Sun zauna a kan mai ba da hanya na Burtaniya [[Matthew Flinders]], wanda ya bincika kuma ya bincika bakin tekun Kudancin Australia a cikin 1802. Kayan makamai na asali, wanda farfesa a fannin Fine Arts ya tsara, ya haɗa da kwafin jirgin Flinders ''Mai bincike'' da mujallarsa A Voyage to Terra Australis, a buɗe zuwa shafin da Flinders ya bayyana bakin tekun da ke kusa da shafin harabar.<ref name="history12">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}</ref> == Manazarta == bk4nhf353k0iee76c5hzwyqvmrc9h2m 823699 823698 2026-04-21T15:50:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 823699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jami'ar Flinders''', wacce aka kafa a matsayin Jami'ar Flinders ta Kudancin [[Ostiraliya (nahiya)|Ostiraliya]] jami'ar bincike ce ta jama'a da ke [[Adelaide]], Kudancin Australia, tare da sawun da ke fadin wurare da yawa a Kudancin [[Asturaliya|Australia]] da Yankin Arewa. Babban harabar tana cikin Bedford Park, kimanin kilomita {{Cvt|12|km}} (7.5 kudu da tsakiyar birnin Adelaide. Sauran makarantun sun hada da Tonsley, Gundumar kasuwanci ta tsakiya ta Adelaide, Renmark, Alice Springs, da Darwin. == Tarihi == === Asalin da gini === A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, harabar Jami'ar Adelaide ta Arewa tana gabatowa. A cikin 1960, Firayim Minista Thomas Playford ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba da hekta 150 (acre 370) na ƙasar mallakar gwamnati a Burbank (yanzu Bedford Park) ga Jami'ar Adelaide don kafa harabar ta biyu.<ref name="history1">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}</ref> Shirin ya fara ne a 1961. Babban wanda aka zaba na sabon harabar, masanin tattalin arziki kuma farfesa Peter Karmel, ya dage cewa sabon harabar ya kamata ya yi aiki da kansa daga harabar North Terrace. Ya yi fatan cewa harabar Bedford Park za ta kasance kyauta don kirkiro kuma ba za a ɗaure ta da al'ada ba.<ref name="history1">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm "1958 - 1965 From the ground up"]. </cite></ref> === 'Yancin kai da buɗewa === A shekara ta 1965, Jam'iyyar Labor ta Australiya ta lashe zaben jihar kuma Frank Walsh ya zama firaminista. ALP ta so ta raba ikon Jami'ar Adelaide a kan ilimi mai zurfi a jihar, kuma ta sanar da cewa sun yi niyyar harabar Bedford Park ta zama cibiyar mai zaman kanta.<ref name="history1">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm "1958 - 1965 From the ground up"]. </cite></ref> [[File:Flinders_University_Coat_of_Arms.png|thumb|Alamar makamai da aka karɓa a matsayin tambarin kafa jami'ar a 1966 kuma aka yi amfani da ita har zuwa 2022]] A ranar 17 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1966, majalisar dokokin jihar ta zartar da lissafin da ya kafa Jami'ar Flinders ta Kudancin Australia. Kodayake Jam'iyyar Labor ta fi son sunan "Jami'ar Kudancin Australia", ma'aikatan ilimi sun so a sanya sunan jami'ar bayan wani mutum "mai ban sha'awa amma ba shi da rikici". Sun zauna a kan mai ba da hanya na Burtaniya [[Matthew Flinders]], wanda ya bincika kuma ya bincika bakin tekun Kudancin Australia a cikin 1802. Kayan makamai na asali, wanda farfesa a fannin Fine Arts ya tsara, ya haɗa da kwafin jirgin Flinders ''Mai bincike'' da mujallarsa A Voyage to Terra Australis, a buɗe zuwa shafin da Flinders ya bayyana bakin tekun da ke kusa da shafin harabar.<ref name="history12">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} rc590idciteq1bb40z8iejgws2lyn9w 823700 823699 2026-04-21T15:50:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 823700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jami'ar Flinders''', wacce aka kafa a matsayin Jami'ar Flinders ta Kudancin [[Ostiraliya (nahiya)|Ostiraliya]] jami'ar bincike ce ta jama'a da ke [[Adelaide]], Kudancin Australia, tare da sawun da ke fadin wurare da yawa a Kudancin [[Asturaliya|Australia]] da Yankin Arewa. Babban harabar tana cikin Bedford Park, kimanin kilomita {{Cvt|12|km}} (7.5 kudu da tsakiyar birnin Adelaide. Sauran makarantun sun hada da Tonsley, Gundumar kasuwanci ta tsakiya ta Adelaide, Renmark, Alice Springs, da Darwin. == Tarihi == === Asalin da gini === A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, harabar Jami'ar Adelaide ta Arewa tana gabatowa. A cikin 1960, Firayim Minista Thomas Playford ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba da hekta 150 (acre 370) na ƙasar mallakar gwamnati a Burbank (yanzu Bedford Park) ga Jami'ar Adelaide don kafa harabar ta biyu.<ref name="history1">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}</ref> Shirin ya fara ne a 1961. Babban wanda aka zaba na sabon harabar, masanin tattalin arziki kuma farfesa Peter Karmel, ya dage cewa sabon harabar ya kamata ya yi aiki da kansa daga harabar North Terrace. Ya yi fatan cewa harabar Bedford Park za ta kasance kyauta don kirkiro kuma ba za a ɗaure ta da al'ada ba.<ref name="history1">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm "1958 - 1965 From the ground up"]. </cite></ref> === 'Yancin kai da buɗewa === A shekara ta 1965, Jam'iyyar Labor ta Australiya ta lashe zaben jihar kuma Frank Walsh ya zama firaminista. ALP ta so ta raba ikon Jami'ar Adelaide a kan ilimi mai zurfi a jihar, kuma ta sanar da cewa sun yi niyyar harabar Bedford Park ta zama cibiyar mai zaman kanta.<ref name="history1">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm "1958 - 1965 From the ground up"]. </cite></ref> [[File:Flinders_University_Coat_of_Arms.png|thumb|Alamar makamai da aka karɓa a matsayin tambarin kafa jami'ar a 1966 kuma aka yi amfani da ita har zuwa 2022]] A ranar 17 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1966, majalisar dokokin jihar ta zartar da lissafin da ya kafa Jami'ar Flinders ta Kudancin Australia. Kodayake Jam'iyyar Labor ta fi son sunan "Jami'ar Kudancin Australia", ma'aikatan ilimi sun so a sanya sunan jami'ar bayan wani mutum "mai ban sha'awa amma ba shi da rikici". Sun zauna a kan mai ba da hanya na Burtaniya Matthew Flinders, wanda ya bincika kuma ya bincika bakin tekun Kudancin Australia a cikin 1802. Kayan makamai na asali, wanda farfesa a fannin Fine Arts ya tsara, ya haɗa da kwafin jirgin Flinders ''Mai bincike'' da mujallarsa A Voyage to Terra Australis, a buɗe zuwa shafin da Flinders ya bayyana bakin tekun da ke kusa da shafin harabar.<ref name="history12">{{Cite web |title=1958 - 1965 From the ground up |url=http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715023452/http://www.flinders.edu.au/about/our-university/our-history/1958---1965-from-the-ground-up.cfm |archive-date=15 July 2009 |website=Flinders University}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} e65wjfbaq6b9p537fwcbfe8rveje188 0 131151 823690 811891 2026-04-21T15:46:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 823690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Thomas Meiklejohn Dickson''' (9 ga Yuni 1888 – 9 ga Afrilu 1958) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Asturaliya|Australiya]] wanda ya buga wasa da Geelong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL).<ref>Holmesby, Russell; Main, Jim (2014). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers: every AFL/VFL player since 1897 (10th ed.). Seaford, Victoria: BAS Publishing. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-921496-32-5</nowiki>.</ref> == Duba kuma == * Bikin Carnival na Adelaide na 1911 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1958]] r7dhq21vm9ybr21ohkqz818hhelxnls 823691 823690 2026-04-21T15:46:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 823691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Thomas Meiklejohn Dickson''' (9 ga Yuni 1888 – 9 ga Afrilu 1958) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Asturaliya|Australiya]] wanda ya buga wasa da Geelong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL).<ref>Holmesby, Russell; Main, Jim (2014). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers: every AFL/VFL player since 1897 (10th ed.). Seaford, Victoria: BAS Publishing. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-921496-32-5</nowiki>.</ref> == Duba kuma == * Bikin Carnival na Adelaide na 1911 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1958]] h1rtbthojztwjbyht9nfdkvq20fg7tt 0 131179 823867 769223 2026-04-21T23:06:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yankin Kare Tsavo''' (wani lokacin ana kiransa da Tsavo Ecosystem) wani yanki ne na namun daji da aka kare da sauran wurare a kudancin [[Kenya]] da arewa maso gabashin [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] . Ya ƙunshi wurin shakatawa na Tsavo East National Park, wurin shakatawa na Yammacin Tsavo National Park, wurin shakatawa na Chyulu Hills, [[South Kitui National Reserve|wurin ajiyar kaya na Kudancin Kitui]], wuraren kiwon dabbobi a Galana, Taita, Kulalu da Amboseli da kuma filayen zaman kansu da na jama'a da ke makwabtaka da shi. Yankin Kare Tsavo yana da iyaka da wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Mkomazi a Tanzania, kuma yankin yana da fadin ƙasa kusan 42,000.&nbsp;^km2, wanda sama da 25,000&nbsp;an kare yankin kilomita ^2. Yankin da aka kare a Kenya yana wakiltar kusan rabin yankunan da aka kare a kasar. <ref name="TsavoTrustAboutUs">{{Cite web |title=Tsavo Trust - An OverviewTsavo Conservation Area |url=http://tsavotrust.org/category/about-us |access-date=21 May 2017 |website=tsavotrust.org |language=en-gb }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yankin da ke da faɗi na kiyayewa yana ɗauke da mafi yawan giwayen Kenya, waɗanda ke da kashi 40% na jimlar giwayen Kenya, da kuma kashi 18% na yawan bakaken karkanda na Kenya, waɗanda yawancinsu suna zaune a wurin kiyayewa na Ngulia Rhino. <ref name="TsavoTrustAboutUs2">{{Cite web |title=Tsavo Trust - An OverviewTsavo Conservation Area |url=http://tsavotrust.org/category/about-us |access-date=21 May 2017 |website=tsavotrust.org |language=en-gb }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="AmaraConservation2">{{Cite web |title=Tsavo Conservation Area - Where We Work - Amara Conservation |url=http://amaraconservation.org/where-we-work/tsavo-conservation-area |access-date=21 May 2017 |website=amaraconservation.org }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Akwai alamun cewa yawan giwayen yana ƙaruwa da kashi 4-5% a kowace shekara, duk da haka akwai fargabar cewa farautar giwaye ya kasance babbar barazana, inda a shekarar 2011 aka samu mafi munin shekarar da aka taɓa samu tun bayan [[Ivory trade#CITES debate.2C attempted control and the 1989 ivory ban|Haramcin Ciniki na Ivory Trade]] . <ref name="AmaraConservation2" /> Bugu da ƙari, an gabatar da adadin [[Hirola]] da [[Grevy's zebra|zebra na Grevy]] da ke fuskantar barazanar kamuwa da cutar saboda wahalar da ake sha wajen samar da kariya ga nau'ikan halittu a wuraren da suke zama. <ref name="TsavoManagementPlan2" /> Yankin Tsaro na Tsavo yana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da aka fi ziyarta a Kenya; duk da haka, kamar yadda yawancin baƙi suka kasance a kudancin Tsavo East da arewacin Tsavo West, yawancin yankin ya kasance ba a dame shi ba. Koyaya, Yankin Karewa ya rabu da shi ta Hanyar Nairobi-Mombasa Road, Uganda Railway da sabuwar Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) . Kodayake an gina hanyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin namun daji a matsayin wani ɓangare na ginin SGR, shaidar rediyo ta nuna cewa an rage motsi na giwaye tsakanin Tsavo East da Tsavo West National Park sosai. Motsi na namun daji tsakanin wuraren shakatawa na kasa guda biyu za a kara hana shi ta hanyar gina Hanyar Nairobi Expressway da aka tsara. == Manazarta == af2grh88u6sztj8lk7eu55cu0qnmxb5 0 131204 824116 769283 2026-04-22T09:45:06Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ernest Victor Gross''' (19 Maris 1900 - 18 Nuwamban shekarar 1981) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wasa da Geelong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL). == Manazarta == <ref>Holmesby, Russell; Main, Jim (2014). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers: every AFL/VFL player since 1897 (10th ed.). Seaford, Victoria: BAS Publishing. p. 346. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-921496-32-5</nowiki>.</ref>{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Vic Gross's playing statisticsdaga Tables na AFL * Vic Grossa AustralianFootball.com [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1981]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1900]] bpya5fmr0oa6070j7334n8nww9jwloz 0 131531 823830 770041 2026-04-21T20:16:08Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Buichiro Kuroda (Japanese, Hepburn: Kuroda Buichira; an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1960) jami'in Japan ne kuma babban mai kula da hukumar Imperial Household Agency . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=日本放送協会 |date=2025-12-15 |title=宮内庁長官に黒田武一郎次長が就任へ 今後の閣議で正式決定 |url=https://news.web.nhk/newsweb/na/na-k10015004401000 |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=NHKニュース |language=ja}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Kuroda a Amagasaki, Hyōgo Prefecture, ta kammala karatu daga Nada High School . Ya sami alma mater daga Jami'ar Tokyo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-25 |title="次期宮内庁長官"幹部が電撃交代！"剣道＆合気道有段者""小説出版"新次長の意外な素顔 (2023年12月25日) |url=https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Jisin_2275879/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=エキサイトニュース |language=ja}}</ref> == Farkon aiki == Kuroda ya zama wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida a 1982, kuma daga baya Ma'aikatu ta Cikin Gida.<ref>{{Cite news |title=霞が関ふるさと記　経産省の立岡事務次官は灘OB［兵庫県・中］（万年野党事務局） @gendai_biz |url=https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219161110/https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2025-12-16 |work=現代ビジネス |language=ja-JP}}</ref> Ya rike wasu mukamai da yawa na gwamnati kamar Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki da Bala'i, Darakta Janar na Ofishin Kudi na Jama'a, kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na Sakatariyar Ma'aikatar da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-25 |title="次期宮内庁長官"幹部が電撃交代！"剣道＆合気道有段者""小説出版"新次長の意外な素顔 (2023年12月25日) |url=https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Jisin_2275879/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=エキサイトニュース |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=地方交付税を考える―制度への理解と財政運営の視点 |url=https://www.kinokuniya.co.jp/f/dsg-01-9784324105818 |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=紀伊國屋書店ウェブストア｜オンライン書店｜本、雑誌の通販、電子書籍ストア |language=ja}}</ref> A lokacin fim din Tohokushinsha da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida da Sadarwa, Kuroda na ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka sami gargadi na ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-02-24 |title=減給7人戒告2人、総務省接待で処分 総務相は給与返納 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQODE242UG0U1A220C2000000/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=日本経済新聞 |language=ja}}</ref> Ya kuma sami gargadi saboda nishaɗin da ya karɓa daga NTT, a keta ka'idar ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=総務省の違反会食78件 関与の32人、減給や訓告処分 |url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20210604/k00/00m/040/179000c |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=毎日新聞 |language=ja}}</ref> Ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-06-17 |title=総務次官に山下哲夫氏起用 16年ぶり旧総務庁出身 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUA149550U2A610C2000000/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=日本経済新聞 |language=ja}}</ref> == Mataimakin Babban Manajan == A cikin 2023, an nada Kuroda Mataimakin Manajan Hukumar Gidan Daular. <ref>{{Cite news |title=霞が関ふるさと記　経産省の立岡事務次官は灘OB［兵庫県・中］（万年野党事務局） @gendai_biz |url=https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219161110/https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2025-12-16 |work=現代ビジネス |language=ja-JP}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024, ya yi wata sanarwa inda ya yi sharhi game da dangin Imperial da suka kai mabiya miliyan a kan Instagram, yana mai cewa "Wannan tunatarwa ce game da sha'awar jama'a mai karfi a cikin dangin sarki. Na cika da sabuntawa na alhakin". Ya ci gaba da yin sharhi "Za mu ci gaba da inganta tsarin hulɗar jama'a, tare da shiga masu sauraro da yawa, gami da ƙarni".[1] Daga baya, a watan Yunin wannan shekarar, Kuroda ita ce memba na farko na Hukumar Gidan Gida ta Imperial da ta sanar da cewa Empress Emerita Michiko ta kamu da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], a taron manema labarai na yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite news |title=霞が関ふるさと記　経産省の立岡事務次官は灘OB［兵庫県・中］（万年野党事務局） @gendai_biz |url=https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219161110/https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2025-12-16 |work=現代ビジネス |language=ja-JP}}</ref> A cikin 2025, Yasuhiko Nishimura ya sanar da ritayar sa a matsayin Babban Mai Gudanarwa, tare da Buichiro Kuroda don ya gaji shi a ranar 24 ga Disamba. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=日本放送協会 |date=2025-12-15 |title=宮内庁長官に黒田武一郎次長が就任へ 今後の閣議で正式決定 |url=https://news.web.nhk/newsweb/na/na-k10015004401000 |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=NHKニュース |language=ja}}</ref> == Babban Manajan Hukumar Gidan Daular == Kuroda ya zama Babban Mai Gudanarwa a ranar 24 kamar yadda aka tsara. Mataimakin mai kula da shi, kuma wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin mataimakin mai kulawa, shine {{Interlanguage link|Yoshimi Ogata|ja|緒方禎己}} .<ref>{{Cite news |title=霞が関ふるさと記　経産省の立岡事務次官は灘OB［兵庫県・中］（万年野党事務局） @gendai_biz |url=https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219161110/https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2025-12-16 |work=現代ビジネス |language=ja-JP}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Disamba, 2025, Kuroda ya ba da taron manema labarai na farko. "An ba ni aiki mai nauyi. Zan yi iya kokarina, koda kuwa iyawata karami ne. " Ya kuma tattauna game da maye gurbin sarki da muhawara da ke kewaye da shi, yana mai cewa "Zan so in dauki dama daban-daban don bayyana muhimmancin wannan batun. "<ref>{{Cite news |title=霞が関ふるさと記　経産省の立岡事務次官は灘OB［兵庫県・中］（万年野党事務局） @gendai_biz |url=https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219161110/https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2025-12-16 |work=現代ビジネス |language=ja-JP}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m58loixycm5hosnsb5ljvtbpyhn2gg8 823831 823830 2026-04-21T20:16:20Z Salisu Murtala 44187 823831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Buichiro Kuroda (Japanese, Hepburn: Kuroda Buichira; an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1960) jami'in Japan ne kuma babban mai kula da hukumar Imperial Household Agency . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=日本放送協会 |date=2025-12-15 |title=宮内庁長官に黒田武一郎次長が就任へ 今後の閣議で正式決定 |url=https://news.web.nhk/newsweb/na/na-k10015004401000 |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=NHKニュース |language=ja}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Kuroda a Amagasaki, Hyōgo Prefecture, ta kammala karatu daga Nada High School . Ya kuma sami alma mater daga Jami'ar Tokyo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-25 |title="次期宮内庁長官"幹部が電撃交代！"剣道＆合気道有段者""小説出版"新次長の意外な素顔 (2023年12月25日) |url=https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Jisin_2275879/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=エキサイトニュース |language=ja}}</ref> == Farkon aiki == Kuroda ya zama wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida a 1982, kuma daga baya Ma'aikatu ta Cikin Gida.<ref>{{Cite news |title=霞が関ふるさと記　経産省の立岡事務次官は灘OB［兵庫県・中］（万年野党事務局） @gendai_biz |url=https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219161110/https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2025-12-16 |work=現代ビジネス |language=ja-JP}}</ref> Ya rike wasu mukamai da yawa na gwamnati kamar Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki da Bala'i, Darakta Janar na Ofishin Kudi na Jama'a, kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na Sakatariyar Ma'aikatar da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-25 |title="次期宮内庁長官"幹部が電撃交代！"剣道＆合気道有段者""小説出版"新次長の意外な素顔 (2023年12月25日) |url=https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Jisin_2275879/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=エキサイトニュース |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=地方交付税を考える―制度への理解と財政運営の視点 |url=https://www.kinokuniya.co.jp/f/dsg-01-9784324105818 |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=紀伊國屋書店ウェブストア｜オンライン書店｜本、雑誌の通販、電子書籍ストア |language=ja}}</ref> A lokacin fim din Tohokushinsha da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida da Sadarwa, Kuroda na ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka sami gargadi na ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-02-24 |title=減給7人戒告2人、総務省接待で処分 総務相は給与返納 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQODE242UG0U1A220C2000000/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=日本経済新聞 |language=ja}}</ref> Ya kuma sami gargadi saboda nishaɗin da ya karɓa daga NTT, a keta ka'idar ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=総務省の違反会食78件 関与の32人、減給や訓告処分 |url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20210604/k00/00m/040/179000c |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=毎日新聞 |language=ja}}</ref> Ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-06-17 |title=総務次官に山下哲夫氏起用 16年ぶり旧総務庁出身 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUA149550U2A610C2000000/ |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=日本経済新聞 |language=ja}}</ref> == Mataimakin Babban Manajan == A cikin 2023, an nada Kuroda Mataimakin Manajan Hukumar Gidan Daular. <ref>{{Cite news |title=霞が関ふるさと記　経産省の立岡事務次官は灘OB［兵庫県・中］（万年野党事務局） @gendai_biz |url=https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219161110/https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2025-12-16 |work=現代ビジネス |language=ja-JP}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024, ya yi wata sanarwa inda ya yi sharhi game da dangin Imperial da suka kai mabiya miliyan a kan Instagram, yana mai cewa "Wannan tunatarwa ce game da sha'awar jama'a mai karfi a cikin dangin sarki. Na cika da sabuntawa na alhakin". Ya ci gaba da yin sharhi "Za mu ci gaba da inganta tsarin hulɗar jama'a, tare da shiga masu sauraro da yawa, gami da ƙarni".[1] Daga baya, a watan Yunin wannan shekarar, Kuroda ita ce memba na farko na Hukumar Gidan Gida ta Imperial da ta sanar da cewa Empress Emerita Michiko ta kamu da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], a taron manema labarai na yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite news |title=霞が関ふるさと記　経産省の立岡事務次官は灘OB［兵庫県・中］（万年野党事務局） @gendai_biz |url=https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219161110/https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2025-12-16 |work=現代ビジネス |language=ja-JP}}</ref> A cikin 2025, Yasuhiko Nishimura ya sanar da ritayar sa a matsayin Babban Mai Gudanarwa, tare da Buichiro Kuroda don ya gaji shi a ranar 24 ga Disamba. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=日本放送協会 |date=2025-12-15 |title=宮内庁長官に黒田武一郎次長が就任へ 今後の閣議で正式決定 |url=https://news.web.nhk/newsweb/na/na-k10015004401000 |access-date=2025-12-16 |website=NHKニュース |language=ja}}</ref> == Babban Manajan Hukumar Gidan Daular == Kuroda ya zama Babban Mai Gudanarwa a ranar 24 kamar yadda aka tsara. Mataimakin mai kula da shi, kuma wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin mataimakin mai kulawa, shine {{Interlanguage link|Yoshimi Ogata|ja|緒方禎己}} .<ref>{{Cite news |title=霞が関ふるさと記　経産省の立岡事務次官は灘OB［兵庫県・中］（万年野党事務局） @gendai_biz |url=https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219161110/https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2025-12-16 |work=現代ビジネス |language=ja-JP}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Disamba, 2025, Kuroda ya ba da taron manema labarai na farko. "An ba ni aiki mai nauyi. Zan yi iya kokarina, koda kuwa iyawata karami ne. " Ya kuma tattauna game da maye gurbin sarki da muhawara da ke kewaye da shi, yana mai cewa "Zan so in dauki dama daban-daban don bayyana muhimmancin wannan batun. "<ref>{{Cite news |title=霞が関ふるさと記　経産省の立岡事務次官は灘OB［兵庫県・中］（万年野党事務局） @gendai_biz |url=https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219161110/https://gendai.media/articles/premium01/41758 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2025-12-16 |work=現代ビジネス |language=ja-JP}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1y9f1ooy6xbvzmo6f3skslt17szpn89 0 131620 824117 770229 2026-04-22T09:45:33Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Víctor José Davalillo Romero''' (31 Yuli 1939 - 6 Disamban shekarar 2023) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne na ƙasar Venezuela. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball (MLB) da kuma Mexico League a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya daga 1963 zuwa 1982. Davalillo ( wanda aka fi sani da da-va-LEE-yo) ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball (MLB) ga Cleveland Indians ( 1963–68 ), California Angels ( 1968–69 ), St. Louis Cardinals ( 1969–70 ), Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1971–73 ), Oakland Athletics ( 1973–74 ), da kuma Los Angeles Dodgers ( 1977–80 ) <ref name="Vic Davalillo statistics">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Vic Davalillo Stats |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/d/davalvi01.shtml |access-date=8 February 2011 |website=[[Baseball-Reference.com]] |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> a matsayin ɗan wasan waje . Davalillo, wanda ya yi bugun daga kai sai mai jefa hannun hagu, ya kasance mai buga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida wanda aka san shi da saurin gudu da kuma iya kare kansa. [1] [2] Ya kasance wanda magoya baya suka fi so a shekarunsa tare da 'yan Indiya, kuma ya zama ɗan wasa mai amfani daga baya a aikinsa. [3] An kuma san shi a matsayin ƙwararren mai buga bugun daga kai sai mai . == Rayuwar farko == Duk da cewa da yawa daga cikin masu sharhi kan wasan baseball sun nuna cewa wurin haihuwar Davalillo a matsayin Cabimas, Venezuela, a shekarar 2006 ya shaida wa wani mai rubuta tarihin rayuwarsa cewa an haife shi a Churuguara, Falcón a ranar 31 ga Yuli, 1939. [ Wasu majiyoyi sun bayar da ranar haihuwarsa a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 1939, ko kuma wani lokaci a shekarar 1936. Iyalinsa sun ƙaura zuwa Cabimas kwanaki kaɗan bayan an haife shi. Ya girma a yankin Gabashin Costa a tafkin Maracaibo . <ref name="sabrbio" /> Babban ɗan'uwansa, Pompeyo Davalillo, ya buga wasa na ɗan lokaci ga Sanatocin Washington a shekarar 1953. <ref name="Vic Davalillo May Prove He Was '63's Top Rookie In '64" /> == Aikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin Amurka == Davalillo ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai jefa ƙwallo . Ya sanya hannu kan kwangila a matsayin mai son ' yanci tare da Cincinnati Reds a 1958 <ref name="Vic Davalillo at Baseball Cube">{{Cite web |title=Vic Davalillo at Baseball Cube |url=http://www.thebaseballcube.com/players/D/Vic-Davalillo.shtml |access-date=8 February 2011 |publisher=thebaseballcube.com}}</ref> An sayar da shi ga ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Indiya a shekarar 1961 kuma ya hau kan tsani zuwa Jacksonville, ƙungiyar Triple-A a gasar International League . <ref name="Vic Davalillo Trades and Transactions">{{Cite web |title=Vic Davalillo Trades and Transactions |url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/trades.php?p=davalvi01 |access-date=8 February 2011 |publisher=Baseball Almanac}}</ref> Davalillo ya lashe kambun bugun ƙwallo na farko a tarihin Jacksonville Suns da matsakaicin bugun ƙwallo na .346 a shekarar 1962. <ref name="Vic Davalillo at Baseball Cube" /> <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Davalillo ya mutu a [[Karakas|Caracas]] sakamakon matsalolin tiyata a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 2023, yana da shekaru 84. <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == A cikin shekaru 16 na aikinsa na manyan gasa, Davalillo ya buga wasanni 1,458, inda ya tara kwallaye 1,122 a cikin kwallaye 4,017 a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, matsakaicin bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida 0.279 tare da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida 36, bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida 329, kashi 0.315 a kan tushe, gudu 509, ninki biyu 160, sau uku 37, da kuma sansanin da aka sace 125. <ref name="Vic Davalillo statistics">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Vic Davalillo Stats |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/d/davalvi01.shtml |access-date=8 February 2011 |website=[[Baseball-Reference.com]] |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> Ya kammala aikinsa a filin tsakiya da kashi 0.988 na filin daga, inda ya sanya shi a matsayi na 61 a tsakanin manyan 'yan wasan tsakiya na manyan gasa tun 1913 <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1939]] ===MANAZARTA=== ogci9iruv2kuijpm693fkf9bw7au94w 824118 824117 2026-04-22T09:45:43Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Víctor José Davalillo Romero''' (31 Yuli 1939 - 6 Disamban shekarar 2023) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne na ƙasar Venezuela. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball (MLB) da kuma Mexico League a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya daga 1963 zuwa 1982. Davalillo ( wanda aka fi sani da da-va-LEE-yo) ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball (MLB) ga Cleveland Indians ( 1963–68 ), California Angels ( 1968–69 ), St. Louis Cardinals ( 1969–70 ), Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1971–73 ), Oakland Athletics ( 1973–74 ), da kuma Los Angeles Dodgers ( 1977–80 ) <ref name="Vic Davalillo statistics">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Vic Davalillo Stats |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/d/davalvi01.shtml |access-date=8 February 2011 |website=[[Baseball-Reference.com]] |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> a matsayin ɗan wasan waje . Davalillo, wanda ya kuma yi bugun daga kai sai mai jefa hannun hagu, ya kasance mai buga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida wanda aka san shi da saurin gudu da kuma iya kare kansa. [1] [2] Ya kasance wanda magoya baya suka fi so a shekarunsa tare da 'yan Indiya, kuma ya zama ɗan wasa mai amfani daga baya a aikinsa. [3] An kuma san shi a matsayin ƙwararren mai buga bugun daga kai sai mai . == Rayuwar farko == Duk da cewa da yawa daga cikin masu sharhi kan wasan baseball sun nuna cewa wurin haihuwar Davalillo a matsayin Cabimas, Venezuela, a shekarar 2006 ya shaida wa wani mai rubuta tarihin rayuwarsa cewa an haife shi a Churuguara, Falcón a ranar 31 ga Yuli, 1939. [ Wasu majiyoyi sun bayar da ranar haihuwarsa a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 1939, ko kuma wani lokaci a shekarar 1936. Iyalinsa sun ƙaura zuwa Cabimas kwanaki kaɗan bayan an haife shi. Ya girma a yankin Gabashin Costa a tafkin Maracaibo . <ref name="sabrbio" /> Babban ɗan'uwansa, Pompeyo Davalillo, ya buga wasa na ɗan lokaci ga Sanatocin Washington a shekarar 1953. <ref name="Vic Davalillo May Prove He Was '63's Top Rookie In '64" /> == Aikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin Amurka == Davalillo ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai jefa ƙwallo . Ya sanya hannu kan kwangila a matsayin mai son ' yanci tare da Cincinnati Reds a 1958 <ref name="Vic Davalillo at Baseball Cube">{{Cite web |title=Vic Davalillo at Baseball Cube |url=http://www.thebaseballcube.com/players/D/Vic-Davalillo.shtml |access-date=8 February 2011 |publisher=thebaseballcube.com}}</ref> An sayar da shi ga ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Indiya a shekarar 1961 kuma ya hau kan tsani zuwa Jacksonville, ƙungiyar Triple-A a gasar International League . <ref name="Vic Davalillo Trades and Transactions">{{Cite web |title=Vic Davalillo Trades and Transactions |url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/trades.php?p=davalvi01 |access-date=8 February 2011 |publisher=Baseball Almanac}}</ref> Davalillo ya lashe kambun bugun ƙwallo na farko a tarihin Jacksonville Suns da matsakaicin bugun ƙwallo na .346 a shekarar 1962. <ref name="Vic Davalillo at Baseball Cube" /> <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Davalillo ya mutu a [[Karakas|Caracas]] sakamakon matsalolin tiyata a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 2023, yana da shekaru 84. <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == A cikin shekaru 16 na aikinsa na manyan gasa, Davalillo ya buga wasanni 1,458, inda ya tara kwallaye 1,122 a cikin kwallaye 4,017 a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, matsakaicin bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida 0.279 tare da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida 36, bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida 329, kashi 0.315 a kan tushe, gudu 509, ninki biyu 160, sau uku 37, da kuma sansanin da aka sace 125. <ref name="Vic Davalillo statistics">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Vic Davalillo Stats |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/d/davalvi01.shtml |access-date=8 February 2011 |website=[[Baseball-Reference.com]] |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> Ya kammala aikinsa a filin tsakiya da kashi 0.988 na filin daga, inda ya sanya shi a matsayi na 61 a tsakanin manyan 'yan wasan tsakiya na manyan gasa tun 1913 <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1939]] ===MANAZARTA=== n0u7irjyxutxpryz7fi71qnsq9m3hvg 0 133189 824090 799313 2026-04-22T09:04:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Green Party of Canada|Jam'iyyar Green Party of Canada]] za ta gudanar da [[Leadership election|zaben shugabanni]] a ranar da ba a ƙayyade ba, saboda shugabar yanzu [[Elizabeth May]] ta sanar a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 2025 cewa ba za ta jagoranci jam'iyyar zuwa zaɓen tarayya na gaba ba. Jam'iyyar har yanzu ba ta tsara gasar shugabanci ba. == Tsarin lokaci == === 2025 === * 28 ga Afrilu - An gudanar da zaɓen tarayya na Kanada na 2025 . * 30 ga Afrilu - Jonathan Pedneault ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa na shugaba. * 19 ga Agusta - Elizabeth May ta sanar da cewa za ta yi murabus kafin zaben tarayya na gaba . <ref name="MayTweet1">{{Cite tweet|user=ElizabethMay|title=I hope to receive strong support from our membership in the leadership review, and commit that I will stay on as MP...}}</ref> * Satumba 15 - Za a fara kada kuri'a a cikin wani bitar shugabanci da ake buƙata. May ta yi kira ga membobi da su goyi bayan ci gaba da shugabancinta ta hanyar kada kuri'ar "EH" a cikin bitar. <ref name="MayTweet1" /> Wata ƙungiyar membobi ta rubuta wasiƙa tana kira da a kada kuri'ar "a'a" don ba da damar "sabuntawa, ci gaba, da sabon babi mai ƙarfi". <ref name="Murray1" /> <ref name="GPCRenewalLetter">{{Cite web |last=Rosenstock |first=Amanda |last2=Wong |first2=Cherie |last3=Hamels |first3=Johan |display-authors=et al. |date=September 2025 |title=Dear Green Party Members |url=https://www.gpcrenewal.ca/ |access-date=16 September 2025 |website=Green Party of Canada Renewal |archive-date=6 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806160245/https://www.gpcrenewal.ca/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Satumba 30 - Zaɓen da aka yi a cikin bitar shugabanci ya ƙare. <ref name="Murray1" /> <ref name="GPCRenewalLetter" /> * 1 ga Oktoba - Mayu ta sami goyon baya kashi 80.8% a cikin bitar shugabanci. Ta yi alƙawarin ci gaba da zama shugabar jam'iyya har sai an zaɓi magaji. <ref name="CGTweet1">{{Cite tweet|user=CanadianGreens|title=@ElizabethMay on the leadership review results and the path to Green Party renewal}}</ref> === Nan gaba === * TBD – Za a gudanar da zaɓen shugabanni. == Bayani == An zaɓi Elizabeth May a matsayin shugabar jam'iyyar Green Party a [[Zaben shugabancin Green Party na Kanada na 2022|zaɓen shugabanci na 2022]], yayin da aka amince da Jonathan Pedneault a matsayin shugabar haɗin gwiwa a [[Zaben shugabancin Green Party na Kanada na 2025|zaɓen shugabanci na haɗin gwiwa na 2025.]] A zaɓen tarayya na Kanada na 2025, Jam'iyyar Green Party ta lashe kujera ɗaya kacal, ƙasa da zaɓen da ya gabata, inda ta sami mafi munin ƙuri'un da jam'iyyar ta samu tun shekarar 2000. Kason ƙuri'unta na ƙasa shine kashi 1.2%, raguwar maki 1.13 daga kashi 2.33% a shekarar 2021. Kujerar da aka samu ita ce ta [[British Columbia]] da ke Saanich—Gulf Islands, inda aka sake zaɓen shugabar jam'iyyar Elizabeth May . A halin yanzu, shugabar jam'iyyar Jonathan Pedneault ta gaza cin nasara a zaɓen Outremont, inda ta zo a matsayi na 5. Bayan an sanar da sakamakon zaɓen, shugabar jam'iyyar Green Party, May, ta nuna godiyarta ga sake samun amincewa da goyon bayan masu zaɓe a zaɓen, kuma ta bayyana fatanta game da jam'iyyar ta ci gaba da riƙe kujera a cikin gwamnatin tsiraru. Ta amince cewa duk da cewa aikin jam'iyyar Green gabaɗaya na ƙasa ya ba ta takaici, tare da ƙarancin kaɗa ƙuri'u a tarihi, ta ci gaba da jajircewa kan mahimmancin batutuwan adalci na muhalli da zamantakewa kuma za ta ci gaba da fafutukar kare su a Majalisar Dokoki. May ta jaddada cewa nasarar mutum ɗaya ba ƙarshenta ba ce, amma wani ɓangare ne na babban ƙoƙari na ciyar da manufofin muhalli na ƙasa da gyaran dimokuraɗiyya gaba. Ta kuma bayyana buɗewarta ga ɗaukar ƙarin matsayi a Majalisar Dokoki a nan gaba. Shugaban jam'iyyar Green Party, Pedneault, ya nuna nadamarsa da cewa jam'iyyar ta lashe kujera daya kawai kuma ta kasa samun goyon baya mai yawa daga masu kada kuri'a. Ya amince cewa jam'iyyar Greens ba ta cimma nasarar da ta yi fatan samu ba a wannan zaben. Pedneault ya bayyana cewa, a matsayinsa na shugaba, yana da alhakin siyasa kan sakamakon, don haka ya zabi ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa na shugaban kasa. Ya jaddada cewa wannan shawarar ba ta samo asali ne daga takaicin kansa ba, amma ta hanyar jajircewa ga shugabancin jam'iyya mai alhaki. A ranar 19 ga Agusta, May ta sanar da niyyarta ta yin murabus daga shugabancin jam'iyya kafin zaɓen tarayya na gaba . May ta ce tana da niyyar ci gaba da zama 'yar majalisar dokoki ta Saanich—Gulf Islands da kuma ci gaba da zama shugabar jam'iyya bayan wani bita da aka yi kan shugabanci, tana mai cewa za ta yi murabus idan aka zaɓi sabon shugaba ko mataimakin shugabanni. <ref name="Major1" /> <ref name="MayTweet1">{{Cite tweet|user=ElizabethMay}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFElizabethMay2025">@ElizabethMay (August 20, 2025). [https://x.com/ElizabethMay/status/1958221295587312013 "I hope to receive strong support from our membership in the leadership review, and commit that I will stay on as MP..."] ([[Tweet (social media)|Tweet]]) &#x2013; via [[Twitter]].</cite></ref> Ta ce tana son ci gaba da zama shugaba "aƙalla har zuwa 2026". === Tsarin zaɓe === A watan Fabrairun 2024, 'yan jam'iyya za su kaɗa ƙuri'a kan ƙuri'un da, idan aka amince da su, za su yi wa kundin tsarin mulkin jam'iyyar kwaskwarima don aiwatar da tsarin jagoranci na haɗin gwiwa. Duk da haka, ba a kaɗa ƙuri'a a kan gyaran kundin tsarin mulki da aka gabatar ba saboda rashin jituwa a cikin jam'iyyar. Kafin zaɓen tarayya na 2025, an sake gabatar da ƙuri'ar kuma an amince da ita a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 2025, a wani gagarumin rinjaye. <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 October 2025 |title=Green Party announces results of leadership review |url=https://www.greenparty.ca/en/news/green-party-announces-results-of-leadership-review |access-date=1 October 2025 |work=[[Green Party of Canada]] }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 October 2025 |title=Elizabeth May Comments After Retaining Green Leadership |url=https://www.cpac.ca/headline-politics/episode/elizabeth-may-comments-after-retaining-green-leadership--october-1-2025?id=97d9abf2-e945-4b8b-a307-66520c4f99af |access-date=1 October 2025 |work=[[CPAC (TV channel)|CPAC]]}}</ref> 'Yan takara za su iya gabatar da kansu a matsayin daidaikun mutane ko kuma a matsayin ƙungiyar jagoranci ta mutane biyu. Membobin da ke takara a kan tikitin jagoranci na haɗin gwiwa ba dole ba ne su kasance jinsi ɗaya. == Manazarta == 1a7lalnk7exgy4s2i7xjn7i5npvss20 0 133527 824125 793751 2026-04-22T09:48:21Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin Santa Maria''' makarantar sakandare ce ta ƴan mata ta Roman Katolika wacce ke cikin yankin arewacin [[Melbourne]] na Northcote, Victoria, Ostiraliya. An kafa Santa Maria a cikin 1904 ta ƙungiyar Sisters of the Good Samaritan of the Order of St Benedict, wacce aka fara yi mata lakabi da Makarantar Sakandare ta Good Samaritan. {{As of|2017}} Makarantar tana ɗaukar ɗalibai sama da 950.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our College {{!}} Santa Maria College – Melbourne |url=http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.santamaria.vic.edu.au }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar 2020, Kwalejin Santa Maria ta sanar da nadin sabuwar shugabar makarantar Joanne Rock, wacce ta fito daga Kwalejin FCJ Benalla, inda ta kasance shugabar makarantar tsawon shekaru 5 da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our College {{!}} Santa Maria College – Melbourne |url=http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.santamaria.vic.edu.au |archive-date=16 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516212617/http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayani == Kwalejin makaranta ce ta IB (International Baccalaureate), tana ba da Shirin Tsakiyar Shekaru ga ɗalibai a aji na 7-10, wanda ya kai ga kammala aikin MYP Personal Project. [1] Ana koyar da Italiyanci da Jafananci a Kwalejin a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin LOTE (Harsunan Ban da Turanci). Ayyukan da ba na makaranta ba suna daga cikin muhimman fannoni na rayuwar makaranta a Santa Maria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our College {{!}} Santa Maria College – Melbourne |url=http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.santamaria.vic.edu.au |archive-date=16 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516212617/http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ƙungiyoyin muhawara na makarantar suna fafatawa a gasar tsakanin gida da ta DAV da ke wakiltar kwalejin a sassanta daban-daban. Ana bayar da wasanni sama da 15 daban-daban ga ɗalibai a duk shekara, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙwallon kwando, gudu a kan hanya (gudu), ƙwallon ƙafa, ƙwallon ƙafa, wasan hockey, wasan ƙwallon raga, ƙwallon raga, iyo, nutsewa, wasan kurket na cikin gida da kuma manyan wasanni na super 8.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our College {{!}} Santa Maria College – Melbourne |url=http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.santamaria.vic.edu.au |archive-date=16 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516212617/http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our College {{!}} Santa Maria College – Melbourne |url=http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.santamaria.vic.edu.au |archive-date=16 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516212617/http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baya ga waɗannan ayyukan, Kwalejin tana shirya wasannin motsa jiki da ninkaya na gida na shekara-shekara inda ɗalibai ke fafatawa don samun 'maki na gida'. Ana kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen makaranta kowace shekara, tare da waƙoƙi da wasannin kwaikwayo a wasu shekaru daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our College {{!}} Santa Maria College – Melbourne |url=http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.santamaria.vic.edu.au |archive-date=16 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516212617/http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shirin kiɗan ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kayan kida da iyawa iri-iri, kuma ya haɗa da darussan murya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} f0hnigzqy98xdu1hi7lf7qoevhz5k1b 824126 824125 2026-04-22T09:48:40Z Lukman Dalha 44220 824126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin Santa Maria''' makarantar sakandare ce ta ƴan mata ta Roman Katolika wacce ke cikin yankin arewacin [[Melbourne]] na Northcote, Victoria, Ostiraliya. An kafa Santa Maria a cikin 1904 ta ƙungiyar Sisters of the Good Samaritan of the Order of St Benedict, wacce aka fara yi mata lakabi da Makarantar Sakandare ta Good Samaritan. {{As of|2017}} Makarantar tana ɗaukar ɗalibai sama da 950.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our College {{!}} Santa Maria College – Melbourne |url=http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.santamaria.vic.edu.au }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar 2020, Kwalejin Santa Maria ta sanar da nadin sabuwar shugabar makarantar Joanne Rock, wacce ta fito daga Kwalejin FCJ Benalla, inda ta kasance shugabar makarantar tsawon shekaru 5 da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our College {{!}} Santa Maria College – Melbourne |url=http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.santamaria.vic.edu.au |archive-date=16 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516212617/http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayani == Kwalejin makaranta ce ta IB (International Baccalaureate), tana ba da Shirin Tsakiyar Shekaru ga ɗalibai a aji na 7-10, wanda ya kai ga kammala aikin MYP Personal Project. [1] Ana koyar da Italiyanci da Jafananci a Kwalejin a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin LOTE (Harsunan Ban da Turanci). Ayyukan da ba na makaranta ba suna daga cikin muhimman fannoni na rayuwar makaranta a Santa Maria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our College {{!}} Santa Maria College – Melbourne |url=http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.santamaria.vic.edu.au |archive-date=16 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516212617/http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ƙungiyoyin muhawara na makarantar suna fafatawa a gasar tsakanin gida da ta DAV da ke wakiltar kwalejin a sassanta daban-daban. Ana kuma bayar da wasanni sama da 15 daban-daban ga ɗalibai a duk shekara, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙwallon kwando, gudu a kan hanya (gudu), ƙwallon ƙafa, ƙwallon ƙafa, wasan hockey, wasan ƙwallon raga, ƙwallon raga, iyo, nutsewa, wasan kurket na cikin gida da kuma manyan wasanni na super 8.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our College {{!}} Santa Maria College – Melbourne |url=http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.santamaria.vic.edu.au |archive-date=16 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516212617/http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our College {{!}} Santa Maria College – Melbourne |url=http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.santamaria.vic.edu.au |archive-date=16 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516212617/http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baya ga waɗannan ayyukan, Kwalejin tana shirya wasannin motsa jiki da ninkaya na gida na shekara-shekara inda ɗalibai ke fafatawa don samun 'maki na gida'. Ana kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen makaranta kowace shekara, tare da waƙoƙi da wasannin kwaikwayo a wasu shekaru daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our College {{!}} Santa Maria College – Melbourne |url=http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.santamaria.vic.edu.au |archive-date=16 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516212617/http://www.santamaria.vic.edu.au/our-college/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shirin kiɗan ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kayan kida da iyawa iri-iri, kuma ya haɗa da darussan murya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} bgep73yyfdor2uhvcvey1abd0q62nsa 0 135097 824135 791573 2026-04-22T10:49:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Saint Zeno the Hermit ya kasance almajiri St. Basil the Great kuma mai zaman kansa. Cocin Orthodox na Gabas da cocin Katolika na Byzantine suna girmamawa shi a matsayin Mai tsarki kuma ranar bikinsa ita ce ranar 30 ga Janairu.<ref name="OCA">{{Cite web |title=Lives of all saints commemorated on January 30 |url=https://www.oca.org/saints/all-lives/2037/01/30 |access-date=12 November 2023 |website=Orthodox Church of America |publisher=OCA}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === An haifi Zeno ne a cikin iyalin Kirista masu daraja da matsayi a yankin Pontus a kusa da shekara ta 339. <ref name="GreekPost">{{Cite web |title=Ο ΑΓΙΟΣ ΖΗΝΩΝ Ο ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΤΑΧΥΔΡΟΜΙΚΩΝ |url=https://www.postnet.gr/article.php?id=1003And%20Zeno%20the%20postal%20worker%20and%20his%20Greek%20commemorative%20stamp |access-date=12 November 2023 |publisher=PANHELLENIC FEDERATION OF POSTAL ASSOCIATIONS P.O.S.T |language=Greek |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112164349/https://www.postnet.gr/article.php?id=1003And%20Zeno%20the%20postal%20worker%20and%20his%20Greek%20commemorative%20stamp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tun yana ƙarami ya ba da kansa ga nazarin haruffa da kimiyya kuma da sauri ya bambanta kansa kuma ya zama sananne ga kowa, saboda yawan kyawawan halaye, cikakkiyar iliminsa, ɗabi'arsa, jikinsa da iyayensa masu daraja. Lokacin da Sarkin sarakuna Valens ya hau gadon sarauta a AD 364, ya kira Zeno sanannen yanzu zuwa fadarsa kuma ya ba shi babban matsayi. Zeno ya yarda kuma ya yi amfani da farkon lokacin da ya girma a hidimar sarki. Lokacin da duk da haka akwai gurbi ga matsayin Royal Postman, Zeno ya ba da sabis. Matsayin da Zeno ya rike yana daya daga cikin girmamawa da daraja don zama irin wannan mai aikawa shine ya dauki amincewar Sarkin sarakuna. Saƙonnin da ake buƙata don isa da sauri, a asirce da aminci zuwa inda aka aika su kuma a zamanin d ̄ a, wannan ba tabbaci ba ne. Mutanen da aka zaba don zama manzanni a kan gidan waya na jama'a dole ne su kasance masu lafiya da kuma halin kirki, sun cancanci amincewar Sarkin sarakuna. Yin aiki tsakanin sojoji da aka aika don isar da umarnin mulkin mallaka ya ba shi damar kasancewa kusa da Ubannin Coci, masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da talakawa waɗanda suka rayu cikin sauƙi da kyau a larduna. A lokacin da yake cikin cursus publicus, Zeno ya zauna a cikin masallatai da kuma wuraren zama, yana yabon da ɗaukaka Allah. Sunan mai sauƙin kai da tawali'u na sarki ya zama sananne a garuruwa da ƙauyuka da yawa, musamman ga matalauta da wahala. Wani aikin sarauta ga Bishop Basil na Kaisariya ya ƙayyade hanyar rayuwar Zeno ta baya, yayin da ya yi farin ciki da ƙwarewar Basil, wa'azi da tawali'u, rayuwarsa ta tsattsauran ra'ayi.<ref name="GreekPost"/> === Rayuwa a matsayin mai zaman kansa === Saint Zeno ya mutu a AD 416 yana da shekaru 78, ya bar suna a matsayin mai tsarki mai zaman kansa a duk fadin [[Daular Rumawa|Daular Byzantine]]. == Addu'a == Ana tunawa da Zeno the Hermit na Antakiya a ranar 30 ga Janairu a Cocin Orthodox na Gabas da Cocin Katolika na Byzantine . [1] A Girka an ayyana shi mai kare ma'aikatan gidan waya ta Ofishin Jakadancin Girka a shekarar 1968. Ana tunawa da shi da hutu ga duk ma'aikatan gidan waya a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu.[2] == Dubi kuma == * Addinin Kirista * Stylites * Poustinia == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hel1n5bv60couwxvu0sror2kerkgoi5 0 135823 823706 778588 2026-04-21T15:52:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 823706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes . Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago. <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya. <ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]] ; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]] . <ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref> <ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar. <ref name="Chicago" /> <ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai." <ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan [[Marijuana|wiwi]] tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci [[DePaul University|Jami'ar DePaul]], inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == aohwb98fqfdzfcroj3cjk0m3wih3gbr 823707 823706 2026-04-21T15:52:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 823707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes . Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago. <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya. <ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]] ; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]] . <ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref> <ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar. <ref name="Chicago" /> <ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai." <ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan [[Marijuana|wiwi]] tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci [[DePaul University|Jami'ar DePaul]], inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == jb9og19dkgsmnwczh4vmfwo02qoe0c6 823708 823707 2026-04-21T15:52:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 823708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes . Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago. <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya. <ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]] ; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]] . <ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref> <ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar. <ref name="Chicago" /> <ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai." <ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan [[Marijuana|wiwi]] tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci [[DePaul University|Jami'ar DePaul]], inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == 8yxglqy3tl174y3ir2kl71rw3c92vd3 823709 823708 2026-04-21T15:53:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 823709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes . Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago. <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya. <ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]] ; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]] . <ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref> <ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar. <ref name="Chicago" /> <ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai." <ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan [[Marijuana|wiwi]] tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci [[DePaul University|Jami'ar DePaul]], inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == r5jl0ubnctnrrle47qe9s6n8h6l0eva 823710 823709 2026-04-21T15:53:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 823710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago. <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya. <ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]] ; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]] . <ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref> <ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar. <ref name="Chicago" /> <ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai." <ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan [[Marijuana|wiwi]] tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci [[DePaul University|Jami'ar DePaul]], inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == bhg5rpxz8c38on7ykukodkohtkea1mz 823711 823710 2026-04-21T15:53:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 823711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago. <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya. <ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]] ; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]] . <ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref> <ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar. <ref name="Chicago" /> <ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai." <ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan [[Marijuana|wiwi]] tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci [[DePaul University|Jami'ar DePaul]], inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == lyv7j169qq4zn16ovvlrapjn9n6plbx 823712 823711 2026-04-21T15:53:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 823712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago. <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya.<ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]] ; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]] . <ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref> <ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar. <ref name="Chicago" /> <ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai." <ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan [[Marijuana|wiwi]] tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci [[DePaul University|Jami'ar DePaul]], inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == 2lo8c4sqkvy2w0kde6i8gx1vj85vzeo 823713 823712 2026-04-21T15:54:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 823713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago.<ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya.<ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]] ; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]] . <ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref> <ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar. <ref name="Chicago" /> <ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai." <ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan [[Marijuana|wiwi]] tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci [[DePaul University|Jami'ar DePaul]], inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == he0fc1vt0ifzhzlwql7nowttlolzp5t 823714 823713 2026-04-21T15:54:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 823714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago.<ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya.<ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]] ; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]] . <ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref> <ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar. <ref name="Chicago" /> <ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai." <ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan [[Marijuana|wiwi]] tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci [[DePaul University|Jami'ar DePaul]], inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == a83xl2sgah50mnottaaa9j5qcutg9e0 823715 823714 2026-04-21T15:55:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 823715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago.<ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya.<ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]] ; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]] . <ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref> <ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar. <ref name="Chicago" /> <ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai." <ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan [[Marijuana|wiwi]] tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci [[DePaul University|Jami'ar DePaul]], inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == 4g6i2m7mfyah0v1e244zphbfd66cwil 823716 823715 2026-04-21T15:55:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 823716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago.<ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya.<ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]]; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]].<ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref><ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar. <ref name="Chicago" /> <ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai." <ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan [[Marijuana|wiwi]] tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci [[DePaul University|Jami'ar DePaul]], inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == g1j7j7quwzerlrvrcxqa4aazckmdu0t 823717 823716 2026-04-21T15:56:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 823717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago.<ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya.<ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]]; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]].<ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref><ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar.<ref name="Chicago" /><ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai." <ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan [[Marijuana|wiwi]] tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci [[DePaul University|Jami'ar DePaul]], inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == jkec8ns4farg4cvn75rj72g3jylz1wk 823718 823717 2026-04-21T15:56:35Z Pharouqenr 25549 823718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago.<ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya.<ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]]; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]].<ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref><ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar.<ref name="Chicago" /><ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai."<ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan [[Marijuana|wiwi]] tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci [[DePaul University|Jami'ar DePaul]], inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == sc70hm3dp2bm8wlglhgu08dl4ml8wk8 823719 823718 2026-04-21T15:56:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 823719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago.<ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya.<ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]]; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]].<ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref><ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar.<ref name="Chicago" /><ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai."<ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan wiwi tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci [[DePaul University|Jami'ar DePaul]], inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == 1iquhnkonp6nxdz5e2besd3gsgxlpf5 823720 823719 2026-04-21T15:57:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 823720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago.<ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya.<ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]]; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]].<ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref><ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar.<ref name="Chicago" /><ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai."<ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan wiwi tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci Jami'ar DePaul, inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan [[Fall Out Boy]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == eqq475g8lidwxchx1z9j7sl1aaksjio 823721 823720 2026-04-21T15:57:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 823721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago.<ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya.<ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]]; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]].<ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref><ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar.<ref name="Chicago" /><ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai."<ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan wiwi tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci Jami'ar DePaul, inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan Fall Out Boy . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == c3komvl2t7ve5ekvkoawfwrk0v97wks 823722 823721 2026-04-21T15:57:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 823722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar [[Amurka]] wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago.<ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya.<ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]]; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]].<ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref><ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar.<ref name="Chicago" /><ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai."<ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan wiwi tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci Jami'ar DePaul, inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan Fall Out Boy . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == fd5pipk6icbe612bgs8hlf5c0tho72z 823723 823722 2026-04-21T15:59:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 823723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar [[Amurka]] wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago.<ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya.<ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]]; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]].<ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref><ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar.<ref name="Chicago" /><ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai."<ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan wiwi tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci Jami'ar DePaul, inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan Fall Out Boy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == qs6i8g5pwuynbg3m2ph60yxpmna6egy 823724 823723 2026-04-21T16:00:09Z Pharouqenr 25549 823724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1979) <ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> mawaƙi ne ɗan ƙasar [[Amurka]] wanda shi ne mai buga bass kuma mai rubuta waƙoƙi ga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rock Fall Out Boy . Kafin kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2001, Wentz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Chicago hardcore kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa kuma mawaƙi ga Arma Angelus, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta metalcore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> A lokacin hutun Fall Out Boy daga 2009 zuwa 2012, Wentz ya kafa ƙungiyar gwaji, electropop da dubstep Black Cards . Yana da kamfanin rikodin rikodi, DCD2 Records, wanda ya sanya hannu kan ƙungiyoyin da suka haɗa da Panic! a Disco da Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy ya dawo daga hutu a watan Fabrairun 2013, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda huɗu: ''Save Rock and Roll'', ''American Beauty/American Psycho'', ''Mania'', da ''So Much (for) Stardust.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Wentz ya kuma shiga wasu ayyukan da ba na kiɗa ba, waɗanda suka haɗa da rubutu, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma salon zamani; a shekara ta 2005 ya kafa kamfanin tufafi mai suna Clandestine Industries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Ya ɗauki nauyin kakar wasa ta 1 da ta 2 na shirin talabijin ''na Best Ink'' kuma yana gudanar da kamfanin shirya fina-finai mai suna Bartskull Films kuma yana da wani mashaya mai suna Angels &amp;amp; Kings a Chicago. Ayyukansa na agaji sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da Invisible Children, Inc. da kuma [[UNICEF]] 's Tap Project, wani aikin tara kuɗi wanda ke taimakawa wajen kawo ruwan sha mai tsafta ga mutane a duk duniya, <ref name="MSNBC-wentz">{{Cite web |last=Krudy |first=Edward |date=March 24, 2010 |title=Wentz moves on without Fall Out Boy |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105011005/https://www.today.com/popculture/wentz-moves-without-fall-out-boy-wbna36023698 |archive-date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=March 25, 2010 |website=Today.com}}</ref> Mujallar People Magazine ta ce "bass player ya fi wani ɗan wasan gaba kamar Pete Wentz na Fall Out Boy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Shi ma mallakin tsiraru ne na Phoenix Rising FC, ƙungiyar USL Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz na Uku a Wilmette, Illinois, wani yanki mai arziki a Chicago.<ref name="Allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Apar |first=Corey |title=Pete Wentz Biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p576179|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFApar">Apar, Corey. [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p576179 "Pete Wentz Biography"]. [[AllMusic]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Iyayensa su ne Dale Wentz (née Lewis), mai ba da shawara kan shiga makarantar sakandare, da kuma Pete Wentz na II, lauya.<ref name="cns2009">{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=Fairfax State Savings |title=Personal Business Ag Banking & Lending- Fairfax State Savings Bank |url=http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604151525/http://www.crfax.com/portal.asp?action=story&idstr=7016612293 |archive-date=June 4, 2015 |access-date=December 12, 2010 |website=www.crfax.com}}</ref> Wentz ɗan asalin Ingilishi ne da Jamusanci a ɓangaren mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan asalin Afirka-Jama'a ne a ɓangaren mahaifiyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa Hillary, da ƙanensa Andrew. Kakansa na wajen uwa, Arthur Winston Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a [[Saliyo]]; ɗan uwan Arthur Winston Lewis shi ne Janar Colin Powell.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Noah |date=December 7, 2017 |title=Why Do Didier Drogba, Diplo, Pete Wentz, and Brandon McCarthy Own a Second-Tier American Soccer Team Together? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214928/https://www.theringer.com/2017/12/7/16739580/soccer-mls-phoenix-rising-didier-drogba-diplo-pete-wentz-brandon-mccarthy |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2018 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Iyayen Wentz sun haɗu a shekarun 1970 yayin da suke fafutukar neman takarar Sanata [[Joe Biden]].<ref name="Snapshot">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=Janet |title=Snapshot: Pete Wentz |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |website=People}}</ref><ref name="Chicago">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2008 |title=Celebrity Beat: Politicking with Pete Wentz |url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144302/http://www.chicagomag.com/Radar/Last-Girl-Standing/January-2008/Celebrity-Beat-Politicking-with-Pete-Wentz/ |archive-date=July 8, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2008 |website=[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]}}</ref> Wentz ya tuna a wata hira ''da Rolling Stone'' cewa farkon tunawa da waƙoƙinsa shine sauraron waƙar The Foundations " Build Me Up Buttercup " a bayan motar mahaifinsa. Wentz ya halarci Makarantar North Shore Country Day School, inda ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duk faɗin jihar.<ref name="Chicago" /><ref name="Soccer">{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2010 |title=Pete Wentz Recalls His Pro Soccer Dreams On 'When I Was 17' |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194035/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1638623/pete-wentz-recalls-his-pro-soccer-dreams-on-when-i-was-17.jhtml |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |website=MTV News}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin neman aiki na ƙwararru a fannin wasanni, amma ya yanke shawarar cewa kiɗa zaɓi ne mafi gamsarwa; ya ce "koyaushe yana da alaƙa mai ban mamaki da ƙwallon. Amma bai ji kamar kasada ba. Kiɗa ya fi zama ƙalubale kuma, a ƙarshe, ya ji daɗi sosai."<ref name="Fun Facts">{{Cite web |title=Pete Wentz: Five Fun Facts |url=http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829194059/http://www.people.com/people/pete_wentz |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |access-date=January 16, 2011 |website=People}}</ref> A shekararsa ta farko a makarantar sakandare, ya fara daina zuwa makaranta akai-akai yana shan wiwi tare da abokansa, amma daga baya ya daina domin hakan yana shafar maki a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare a shekarar 1997, ya halarci Jami'ar DePaul, inda ya karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]], inda ya daina zuwa kwata na kammala karatunsa don mayar da hankali kan Fall Out Boy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=James |date=July 18, 2006 |title=Rise Against Wish Fall Out Boy, Panic! At The Disco Would Educate Crowds |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123074903/http://www.mtv.com/news/1536574/rise-against-wish-fall-out-boy-panic-at-the-disco-would-educate-crowds/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |access-date=June 9, 2015 |website=MTV.com |publisher=MTV}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ==manazarta == {{Reflist}} 4fuiefs1l5vk4lgd6jp6g3o51bbhn6i 0 135981 824095 788365 2026-04-22T09:17:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824095 wikitext text/x-wiki    Zafar Ahmad Usmani (Larabci: ظفر أحمد العثماني) (4 Oktoba 1892 – 1974) malamin fikihu musulmi 'yan Sunna ne a karni na 20 wanda ya zama jigo a kungiyar Hanafiyya ta Fikihu Sunna ta Deobandi. Ya kuma kasance fitaccen mai fafutukar fafutukar Pakistan.[1][2] Ya fi shahara da rubuce-rubucen I'la Al-Sunan, kundin [[Hadisi]] na 20 na hujjojin Hanafi, wanda makarantar Hanafi ta rubuta a matsayin ƙaryata game da ƙin yarda da ƙungiyar Ahl-i Hadith mai girma ta tayar, kamar yadda kawunsa Ashraf Ali Thanwi ya bukaci. == Haihuwar == An haifi Zafar Ahmad Usmani a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 1892 a Deoband . Sunansa (wanda aka ba shi) shi ne Zafar Ahmad . ''nasab'' dinsa shine: Zafar Ahmad ibn Lateef Ahmad ibn Nehal Ahmad ibn Karamat Hussain ibn Nabi Bakhsh ibn Hayātullah ibn Ināyatullah ibn Laqā'ullāh ibn Ihsānullāh Ibn Nasīrullah ibn Dīwān Lutfullah ibn Owais ibn Ahmad ibn Abd al-Razzāq ibn Muḥammad Hasan ibn Habībullah ibn Usmān ibn Ali ibn Shay Muḥammad ibn Fazlāh ibn Usmāh ibn Abu al-Wafmāni . == Ilimi da aiki == Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa lokacin da yake da shekaru 3, kakarsa ce ta yi renonsa, wacce aka dauka mace ce mai addini. Ya fara karatu da haddace Alkur'ani yana da shekaru 5. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 7, ya yi karatun [[Lissafi]], [[Urdu]], da [[Farisawa|Farisa]] a karkashin Mawlana Muhammad Yasin . Kakansa, Ashraf Ali Thanwi ya jagorance shi yayin da yake karatu tare da ƙarin malaman addini.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2011 |title=Shaykh Zafar Ahmad Uthmani - White Thread Press |url=https://www.whitethreadpress.com/imam-zafar-ahmad-uthmani/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816005130/https://www.whitethreadpress.com/imam-zafar-ahmad-uthmani/ |archive-date=16 August 2019 |access-date=16 August 2019 |website=White Thread Press}}</ref> A Pakistan, ya zama babban abokin Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani kuma memba ne mai aiki na Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam wanda ya kafa. Bayan mutuwar Shabbir Ahmad Usmani a 1949, shi da Maulana Ehteshamul Haq Thanvi sun zama manyan shugabannin wannan jam'iyyar. == Ayyuka == Ayyukan Usmani mafi shahara shine ''I"la" al-Sunan'', wanda shine Hadith Commentary wanda ke haɗa ra'ayoyin wannan littafin Hanafi tare da shaidar kai tsaye daga Hadiths. Dalilin wannan shi ne cewa ƙungiyar Ahl-i Hadith tana girma kuma tana kawo rashin amincewarsu, kuma Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi ya nemi dan uwansa ya amsa. An fara buga littafin ne a shekarar 1923. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2011 |title=Shaykh Zafar Ahmad Uthmani - White Thread Press |url=https://www.whitethreadpress.com/imam-zafar-ahmad-uthmani/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816005130/https://www.whitethreadpress.com/imam-zafar-ahmad-uthmani/ |archive-date=16 August 2019 |access-date=16 August 2019 |website=White Thread Press}}</ref> Ya ƙunshi kundin 21. * Qawaid fi Ulum al-Hadith <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2011 |title=Shaykh Zafar Ahmad Uthmani - White Thread Press |url=https://www.whitethreadpress.com/imam-zafar-ahmad-uthmani/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816005130/https://www.whitethreadpress.com/imam-zafar-ahmad-uthmani/ |archive-date=16 August 2019 |access-date=16 August 2019 |website=White Thread Press}}</ref> == Jinnah ne ya girmama shi == A bikin samun 'yancin Pakistan a 1947, [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Quaid-e-Azam]] [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] ya nemi sanannen masanin addini Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani ya ɗaga tutar Pakistan a [[Karachi]] kuma ya nemi Zafar Ahmad Usmani da ya ɗaga shi a [[Dhaka]]. Har ila yau, tun lokacin da Zafar Ahmad Usmani ya kasance lauya, an zaba shi don yin rantsuwa daga Babban Alkalin Pakistan na farko, Abdul Rashid . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * [https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/TezGoster?key=4J_FzTwlrMCH4qBROpXPH5YYxtxsIX7qF-WBxobz4t5SSPVSr-P6_WHYeZ3F1K63 Zafar Ahmad Usmânî Thânwî da hadisi, MUHAMMET ALİ TEKİN] * {{Cite book|last3=Ubaid Iqbal Asim}} *   * ''Ma'aikatar Nazarin Musulunci ta Jami'ar Dhaka a Binciken Ilimi da Bincike'', rubutun PhD, Jami'ar dhaka, shafi na 171-175 == Haɗin waje == * [https://islamicbookslibrary.wordpress.com/tag/shaykh-zafar-ahmad-usmani-r-a/ Littattafan Zafar Ahmad Usmani a shafin yanar gizon Littattafan Musulunci] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303182108/https://islamicbookslibrary.wordpress.com/tag/shaykh-zafar-ahmad-usmani-r-a/ |date=2020-03-03 }} An adana su * [https://acikerisim.uludag.edu.tr/bitstream/11452/23321/1/Sevban_%C3%96ZDEM%C4%B0R.pdf Rubutun] * [https://journal.epistemology.pk/index.php/epistemology/article/download/105/54 jarida]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Pakistan Movement}}{{Usmani family}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1974]] 7uzqf15vdnii3y2gt6si7gasfrnmz40 0 136066 824052 778993 2026-04-22T08:46:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 824052 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods . <ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu. <ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] t46cpx8dhnwkonyp4e1387ty0ww96pb 824053 824052 2026-04-22T08:46:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 824053 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu. <ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] pyuv02yboo8kiphaxn14a86303ps0vj 824054 824053 2026-04-22T08:46:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 824054 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu. <ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] oj07imxcjho7ncqafs22w9w2a8hddfn 824055 824054 2026-04-22T08:46:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 824055 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] dgno1mb6zarvq8r2g9blzos4sq8lgyz 824056 824055 2026-04-22T08:47:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 824056 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] 6imu90i3ifk1kh6u0br15eypa2upklh 824057 824056 2026-04-22T08:47:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 824057 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] p9tptc4ufyu4p8osgrf2lxc9j28ynbi 824058 824057 2026-04-22T08:47:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 824058 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] 5v9xtygpcbnq76gxs1bpgsjd35l93i4 824059 824058 2026-04-22T08:47:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 824059 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] sbdz8a7w90rwyj68yf7dnyay3a2kxu3 824060 824059 2026-04-22T08:48:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 824060 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] ft4o44hsxebv5123su1c22tc90eg2xn 824061 824060 2026-04-22T08:48:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 824061 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] 2a66z4dsz1sntaajxqyhpl93qznsflv 824062 824061 2026-04-22T08:48:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 824062 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] l2kkh2qeguc5sy7jzgvi3ee37b417wl 824065 824062 2026-04-22T08:48:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 824065 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] 053019oj67boiiubn81mnisgw6vj7ye 824066 824065 2026-04-22T08:49:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 824066 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] 2xferd6y4t7su59092c42yhy08jk14f 824068 824066 2026-04-22T08:49:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 824068 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] jf7jonlq3xo716flzuau1pw7dnhtw2q 824070 824068 2026-04-22T08:49:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 824070 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] qxrrm1tpscido0w8jj25m2p28355s9j 824071 824070 2026-04-22T08:49:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 824071 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] k8u3di1l2vetn8w1mip92frqz0shacm 824072 824071 2026-04-22T08:50:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 824072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] c1qo3tu7h6x6y4bijoglgvkvyuw9sq0 824073 824072 2026-04-22T08:50:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 824073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ted Crawford Sizemore''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1945) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball ne ɗan ƙasar [[Amurka]]. Ya buga wasa a Major League Baseball a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu daga 1969 zuwa 1980 ga Los Angeles Dodgers, St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, da Boston Red Sox. Bayan ya lashe kyautar Rookie of the Year ta National League a 1969, aikinsa mai kyau ya gamu da cikas sakamakon raunuka da dama.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> Bayan aikinsa na wasa, Sizemore ya yi aiki a Rawlings Sporting Goods.<ref name="sabrbio" /> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sizemore a Gadsden, Alabama, amma ya koma [[Detroit]], yana da shekaru biyu.<ref name="sabrbio">{{Cite web |last=Halper |first=Donna L. |title=Ted Sizemore Baseball BioProject |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/ted-sizemore/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |website=[[Society for American Baseball Research]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kama ƙwallon baseball na Makarantar Sakandare ta Pershing, ya sami lambar yabo ta All-city sau uku. Ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta All-city yana buga ƙwallon [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙafa]] da kuma tsaron [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] sau biyu kowannensu. Ya kasance abokan wasan makarantar sakandare tare da Mel Daniels, ɗan wasan Kwando, yana wasa a ƙarƙashin kocin Will Robinson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor, ya yi karatun jami'a a fannin wasiƙu daga 1964 zuwa 1966, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All- Big Ten a 1965 da 1966. A 1966, ya yi nasara da maki .321 don karɓar lambar yabo ta District All-America . A 1982, jami'ar ta ƙirƙiri "Ted Sizemore Award" don girmama babban ɗan wasan tsaron makarantar a kowace kakar wasa. == Aikin ƙwallon baseball == Kungiyar Los Angeles Dodgers ta zabi Sizemore a zagaye na goma sha biyar na gasar Major League Baseball ta 1966. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kama kwallo a kakar wasa ta farko ta sana'a, amma bugunsa (.330, bugun gida 4 da RBI 37 na Tri-City Atoms na Northwest League ) ya sa kungiyar Dodgers ta gwada shi a filin wasa a 1967 da 1968 Saboda bukatar 'yan wasan tsakiya, Dodgers sun sa Sizemore ya buga wasa na biyu a gasar Winter Instructional League a 1968 Bayan tafiyar Zoilo Versalles a gasar Major League Baseball ta 1968, manaja Walter Alston ya mayar da Sizemore zuwa shortstop a farkon horon bazara 1969 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers I (1969-1970) === Sizemore ya lashe aikin farawa a lokacin bazara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Duk da kuskuren da ya yi sau biyu a kan San Francisco Giants,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci yin gajeren zango. Duk da haka, tare da ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Jim Lefebvre bai buga ba, Sizemore ya fara samun ƙarin lokaci a matsayi na biyu a ƙarshen watansa na farko a manyan gasa. Tare da sayen Maury Wills a ranar 11 ga Yuni, matakin ya zama na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Da bugunsa, Sizemore ya fara wasa mai kyau a kakarsa ta farko, amma ya yi sanyi a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ya sake samun nasara a cikin watanni biyu na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don kammalawa a .271 tare da bugun gida huɗu, bugun 46, bugun 69, da kuma bugun 69. Ya sami ƙuri'u goma sha huɗu daga cikin 24 da suka zo na farko don zama gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara na National League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Sizemore ya fara wasa a hankali a 1970 Yana yin bugun .257 da bugun gida ɗaya, RBIs goma sha biyu da kuma bugun goma sha huɗu lokacin da ya karye tsokar cinyarsa a ranar 11 ga Yuni a kan St. Louis Cardinals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Ya dawo a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma bugunsa ya inganta. Ya yi bugun .342 don kawo matsakaicin kakarsa zuwa .306 har sai da wuyan hannunsa ya karye ya ƙare kakarsa. A wannan hunturu, an sayar da shi da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Bob Stinson ga Cardinals saboda ya yi wa ɗan wasan tsakiya na farko Dick Allen bugun . === Kadina na St. Louis (1971-1975) === Ya fara aikinsa da Cardinals yana raba lokaci tsakanin shortstop da second base, amma yayin da kakar wasa 1971 ke ci gaba, ya fara ɗaukar ƙarin lokacin wasa daga tsohon ɗan wasan Julián Javier a matsayi na biyu. Ya yi bugun .264 kowanne daga cikin kakar wasa biyu ta farko a St. Louis. Mafi kyawun kakarsa ta zo ne a 1973, lokacin da ya sami maki mafi girma a fagen fama a bugun (.282), RBIs (54) da gudu (69, wanda ya daidaita matsayinsa na aiki ya kafa kakarsa ta farko), yayin da yake jagorantar National League a Sacrifice Hits da maki 25. A 1974, Sizemore yawanci yana da maki na biyu a bayan Hall of Famer Lou Brock . Brock ya kafa tarihi da maki 118 da aka sace a wannan kakar, kuma ya yaba da haƙurin Sizemore a bugun da ke bayansa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da hakan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Wataƙila lokacinsa mafi ban mamaki da Cards ya zo ne a wani wasan share fage da New York Mets a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972 A farkon zagaye na goma sha uku, Sizemore ya yi nasarar tserewa daga Tug McGraw a gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> Matsalar da ya fuskanta a aikinsa na Cardinals ita ma ta zo ne a kan Mets. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1975, Sizemore ya yi rikodin 'yan wasan tsakiya na biyu na babban gasar da kurakurai uku a zagaye na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> === Los Angeles Dodgers II (1976) === A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1976, Sizemore ya koma Dodgers a madadin Willie Crawford, ɗan wasan tsakiya . An same shi ne saboda iyawarsa ta musamman,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> kuma idan aka cimma yarjejeniya da aka tsara ta aika ɗan wasan tsakiya Bill Russell ga Cardinals don Reggie Smith (a wannan yanayin, ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu Davey Lopes zai koma gajarta, kuma Sizemore zai gaji aikin tushe na biyu).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Sizemore Tribute Page |url=http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731065823/http://geocities.com/Colosseum/Pressbox/4131/front.html |archive-date=July 31, 2009}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] ar4khrh9ep9k899jxaipo0c6rf2odpd 0 136359 824105 791547 2026-04-22T09:40:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Qari Zain-Ul-Abideen''' (Pashto) kwamandan mayakan [[Taliban]] ne na Afghanistan <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2021 |title=How the Afghan Taliban achieved their takeover of Afghanistan |url=https://tribune.com.pk/article/97491/how-the-afghan-taliban-achieved-their-takeover-of-afghanistan}}</ref> wanda ya kasance Gwamna Lardin Laghman a cikin mulkin Taliban da ba a san shi ba tun watan Agusta 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 26, 2021 |title=د لغمان قرغیو ولسوالۍ اوسېدونکو له اسلامي امارت ملاتړ اعلان کړ |url=https://bakhtarnews.af/ps/%D8%AF-%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%BA%DB%8C%D9%88-%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8D-%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88-%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84/ |website=باختر خبری آژانس |access-date=January 11, 2026 |archive-date=December 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220105328/https://bakhtarnews.af/ps/%d8%af-%d9%84%d8%ba%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%ba%db%8c%d9%88-%d9%88%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8d-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b3%db%90%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86%da%a9%d9%88-%d9%84%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%84/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Taliban}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] o1fd4xw0ks69xmu0gemxhbcrt5ksdh0 0 140979 824037 796522 2026-04-22T08:42:27Z Pharouqenr 25549 824037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aminu Abdullahi Alkali''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1961) [[ɗan siyasa|ɗan siyasan]] [[Najeriya]] ne kuma tsohon Ma'aikacin gwamnati wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Gwamna na [[Jahar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]] tun daga ranar 29 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Taraba: Deputy Governor Aminu Alkali returns after long absence |url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/08/26/taraba-deputy-governor-alkali-returns-after-long-absence/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|date=26 August 2025 |access-date=1 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Aminu Alkali: Loyal deputy to Governor Agbu Kefas approaching governance with human face in Taraba - Blueprint Newspapers Limited|url=https://blueprint.ng/aminu-alkali-loyal-deputy-to-governor-agbu-kefas-approaching-governance-with-human-face-in-taraba/|date=2024-11-03|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=APC demands resolution on Taraba deputy gov's prolonged absence|url=https://guardian.ng/news/apc-demands-resolution-on-taraba-deputy-govs-prolonged-absence/|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=2025-08-13|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en-US|first=Amarachi|last=Okonkwo}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Alkali ya fito ne daga karamar hukumar Zing a jihar Taraba. Ya fara karatunsa na farko a makarantar firamare ta St. Thomas, Zing, inda ya sami takardar shaidar barin makarantar farko a shekara ta 1974. Ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Jalingo, inda ya kammala karatun sakandare a shekara ta 1979.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Two years on, Taraba deputy Gov still without aides|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/10/10/two-years-on-taraba-deputy-gov-still-without-aides/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|date=2025-10-10|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en-US|first=Great|last=Ozozoyin}}</ref> A shekara ta 1982, ya sami difloma na kasa (OND) daga Kwalejin Aikin Gona, Jalingo . Shekaru biyu bayan haka (1986), ya sami Digiri na Kasa (HND) a cikin Gudanar da Noma daga Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello (ABU), Zaria . Daga baya ya sami difloma mai zurfi a cikin Gudanar da Jama'a (1993) daga ABU-Kongo Zaria, da kuma difloma na digiri na biyu a cikin Gudun Jama'a daga Adamawa State Polytechnic a shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Egobiambu |first=Emmanuel |date=2025-08-27 |title=Taraba Deputy Gov Resumes After Nine-Month Absence |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/08/27/taraba-deputy-gov-resumes-after-nine-months-absence/ |access-date=2025-12-01 |website=Channels Television |language=en}}</ref> Ayyukan gwamnati da aiki kafin siyasa Alkali ya fara aikin gwamnati a 1979 tare da karamar hukuma ta Zing (sa'an nan kuma wani ɓangare na Jihar Gongola). A cikin shekaru, ya yi aiki a wurare daban-daban a duk yankuna goma sha shida na karamar hukuma na Jihar Taraba, ya tashi ya zama Darakta na Aikin Gona da albarkatun kasa a cikin ma'aikatar karamar hukuka ta jihar. A lokacin hidimarsa, ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen ci gaban karkara, gami da kafa gonaki na kananan hukumomi da kungiyoyin manoma na matasa, da nufin karfafa samar da aikin gona da karfafawa a fadin jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Gov. Aminu Alkali Back In Jalingo As Health Improves |url=https://www.tarabatruthandfact.com.ng/2025/08/deputy-gov-aminu-alkali-back-in-jalingo.html |access-date=2025-12-01 |website=Tarabatruthandfacts}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == Alkali ya shiga siyasa a karkashin tutar Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). A cikin zaben gwamna na Jihar Taraba na 2023, an zaba shi a matsayin abokin takarar dan takarar gwamna Agbu Kefas . Tikitin ya lashe zaben kuma an rantsar da shi a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2023. A matsayinsa na Mataimakin Gwamna, Alkali yana da alhakin doka a matsayin jami'in zartarwa na biyu na Jihar Taraba. An ruwaito cewa fayil dinsa ya hada da ci gaban karkara da na kasa, kula da kiwon lafiya na farko, da daidaita manufofin noma na kananan hukumomi. Kalubale na kiwon lafiya da komawa ofis A ƙarshen 2024, an ruwaito Alkali ya tafi hutun likita a kasashen waje, wanda ya haifar da hasashe game da yiwuwar maye gurbin. Koyaya, gwamnatin jihar ta bayyana cewa ba a fara wani tsari na maye gurbin ba, kuma ta tabbatar da cewa Alkali ya kasance Mataimakin Gwamna da aka zaba. Ya koma babban birnin jihar, Jalingo, a watan Agustan 2025 kuma ya ci gaba da ayyukan hukuma.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Taraba deputy governor Alkali returns after long absence|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/08/26/taraba-deputy-governor-alkali-returns-after-long-absence/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|date=2025-08-26|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en-US|first=Ifreke|last=Inyang}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Eight Months On, Taraba Functions without a Deputy Governor – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/08/11/eight-months-on-taraba-functions-without-a-deputy-governor/|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Aminu Alkali Taraba Deputy Gov Resumes After Nine Months Absence – National Press UK|url=https://the-national-press-newspaper.co.uk/aminu-alkali-taraba-deputy-gov-resumes-after-nine-months-absence/|date=2025-08-27|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Mataimakin gwamnonin Jihar Taraba * [[Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Taraba|Majalisar zartarwa ta Jihar Taraba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] se82kqnyatzk1r452vwww5o2ml09ghy 824038 824037 2026-04-22T08:42:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 824038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aminu Abdullahi Alkali''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1961) [[ɗan siyasa|ɗan siyasan]] [[Najeriya]] ne kuma tsohon Ma'aikacin gwamnati wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Gwamna na [[Jahar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]] tun daga ranar 29 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Taraba: Deputy Governor Aminu Alkali returns after long absence |url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/08/26/taraba-deputy-governor-alkali-returns-after-long-absence/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|date=26 August 2025 |access-date=1 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Aminu Alkali: Loyal deputy to Governor Agbu Kefas approaching governance with human face in Taraba - Blueprint Newspapers Limited|url=https://blueprint.ng/aminu-alkali-loyal-deputy-to-governor-agbu-kefas-approaching-governance-with-human-face-in-taraba/|date=2024-11-03|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=APC demands resolution on Taraba deputy gov's prolonged absence|url=https://guardian.ng/news/apc-demands-resolution-on-taraba-deputy-govs-prolonged-absence/|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=2025-08-13|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en-US|first=Amarachi|last=Okonkwo}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Alkali ya fito ne daga karamar hukumar Zing a jihar Taraba. Ya fara karatunsa na farko a makarantar firamare ta St. Thomas, Zing, inda ya sami takardar shaidar barin makarantar farko a shekara ta 1974. Ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Jalingo, inda ya kammala karatun sakandare a shekara ta 1979.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Two years on, Taraba deputy Gov still without aides|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/10/10/two-years-on-taraba-deputy-gov-still-without-aides/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|date=2025-10-10|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en-US|first=Great|last=Ozozoyin}}</ref> A shekara ta 1982, ya sami difloma na kasa (OND) daga Kwalejin Aikin Gona, Jalingo . Shekaru biyu bayan haka (1986), ya sami Digiri na Kasa (HND) a cikin Gudanar da Noma daga Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello (ABU), Zaria . Daga baya ya sami difloma mai zurfi a cikin Gudanar da Jama'a (1993) daga ABU-Kongo Zaria, da kuma difloma na digiri na biyu a cikin Gudun Jama'a daga Adamawa State Polytechnic a shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Egobiambu |first=Emmanuel |date=2025-08-27 |title=Taraba Deputy Gov Resumes After Nine-Month Absence |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/08/27/taraba-deputy-gov-resumes-after-nine-months-absence/ |access-date=2025-12-01 |website=Channels Television |language=en}}</ref> Ayyukan gwamnati da aiki kafin siyasa Alkali ya fara aikin gwamnati a 1979 tare da karamar hukuma ta Zing (sa'an nan kuma wani ɓangare na Jihar Gongola). A cikin shekaru, ya yi aiki a wurare daban-daban a duk yankuna goma sha shida na karamar hukuma na Jihar Taraba, ya tashi ya zama Darakta na Aikin Gona da albarkatun kasa a cikin ma'aikatar karamar hukuka ta jihar. A lokacin hidimarsa, ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen ci gaban karkara, gami da kafa gonaki na kananan hukumomi da kungiyoyin manoma na matasa, da nufin karfafa samar da aikin gona da karfafawa a fadin jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Gov. Aminu Alkali Back In Jalingo As Health Improves |url=https://www.tarabatruthandfact.com.ng/2025/08/deputy-gov-aminu-alkali-back-in-jalingo.html |access-date=2025-12-01 |website=Tarabatruthandfacts}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == Alkali ya shiga siyasa a karkashin tutar Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). A cikin zaben gwamna na Jihar Taraba na 2023, an zaba shi a matsayin abokin takarar dan takarar gwamna Agbu Kefas . Tikitin ya lashe zaben kuma an rantsar da shi a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2023. A matsayinsa na Mataimakin Gwamna, Alkali yana da alhakin doka a matsayin jami'in zartarwa na biyu na Jihar Taraba. An ruwaito cewa fayil dinsa ya hada da ci gaban karkara da na kasa, kula da kiwon lafiya na farko, da daidaita manufofin noma na kananan hukumomi. Kalubale na kiwon lafiya da komawa ofis A ƙarshen 2024, an ruwaito Alkali ya tafi hutun likita a kasashen waje, wanda ya haifar da hasashe game da yiwuwar maye gurbin. Koyaya, gwamnatin jihar ta bayyana cewa ba a fara wani tsari na maye gurbin ba, kuma ta tabbatar da cewa Alkali ya kasance Mataimakin Gwamna da aka zaba. Ya koma babban birnin jihar, Jalingo, a watan Agustan 2025 kuma ya ci gaba da ayyukan hukuma.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Taraba deputy governor Alkali returns after long absence|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/08/26/taraba-deputy-governor-alkali-returns-after-long-absence/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|date=2025-08-26|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en-US|first=Ifreke|last=Inyang}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Eight Months On, Taraba Functions without a Deputy Governor – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/08/11/eight-months-on-taraba-functions-without-a-deputy-governor/|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Aminu Alkali Taraba Deputy Gov Resumes After Nine Months Absence – National Press UK|url=https://the-national-press-newspaper.co.uk/aminu-alkali-taraba-deputy-gov-resumes-after-nine-months-absence/|date=2025-08-27|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Mataimakin gwamnonin Jihar Taraba * [[Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Taraba|Majalisar zartarwa ta Jihar Taraba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] 1ltvtvf2nasqncrmatfn132xqc8qgwm 0 142017 823970 800368 2026-04-22T05:52:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elizabeth T. Wyce''' " '''Yummy''' " '''Bingham''' (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 1986) mawaƙiya ce 'yar Amurka. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Bingham a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 1986, ga mai shirya R&B Dinky Bingham da Patricia Wyce. An kula da ita a Kudancin Jamaica, Queens . <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 1, 2013 |title=Home – The UK's biggest and best youth lifestyle title: fashion, game… |url=http://www.rwdmag.com/articles/4694/Yummy-Bingham-Tells-RWD-About-Her-First-Seed.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130201145304/http://www.rwdmag.com/articles/4694/Yummy-Bingham-Tells-RWD-About-Her-First-Seed.html |archive-date=February 1, 2013 |website=archive.is}}</ref> Ita ce 'yar allahn Chaka Khan <ref>{{Cite web |last=Deyior |date=July 10, 2013 |title=Yummy Bingham Talks Living, Learning, and Starting Over... Second Chance |url=https://singersroom.com/content/2013-07-10/yummy-bingham-talks-living-learning-and-starting-over-second-chance/}}</ref> da Aaron Hall . <ref name="vibe">{{Cite web |last=Group |first=Vibe Media |date=September 1, 2005 |title=Vibe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9iYEAAAAMBAJ&q=muzik+park+rockwilder&pg=PA143 |publisher=Vibe Media Group |via=Google Books}}</ref> == Sana'a == A shekara ta 2000, yana da shekaru 14, furodusa KayGee ya ɗauki Bingham aiki don kafa ƙungiyar Tha' Rayne, wacce ta sanya hannu a hannun Arista . <ref name="youknowigotsoul">{{Cite web |date=August 8, 2011 |title=Interview: Yummy Bingham Talks Former Group Tha Rayne, Writing Hits for Others, Acting and New Music – YouKnowIGotSoul.com |url=http://youknowigotsoul.com/interview-yummy-bingham-talks-former-group-tha-rayne-writing-hits-for-others-acting-and-new-music}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta yi rikodin wani kundin waƙoƙi, <ref name="reignsupreme">{{Cite web |date=August 2003 |title=Tha' Rayne – Reign Supreme (Album Sampler) |url=https://www.discogs.com/Tha-Rayne-Reign-Supreme-Album-Sampler/release/1758619 |website=Discogs}}</ref> ta bayyana a cikin waƙoƙin abokanta <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tha Rayne – Credits |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/tha-rayne-mn0000037101/credits |website=AllMusic}}</ref> ciki har da Jaheim 's Fabulous wanda ya kai lamba 1 a jadawalin Billboard Adult R&B na Amurka na tsawon makonni uku daga 1 ga Fabrairu, 2003, zuwa 22 ga Fabrairu, 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaheim – Chart history – Billboard |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/304040/jaheim/chart |website=www.billboard.com}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta fitar da waƙar "Didn't You Know", <ref>{{Cite web |title=Didn't You Know |url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001BK9LJO |website=Amazon}}</ref> wacce ta kai matsayi na 76 a watan Satumba na 2003 akan jadawalin Billboard R&B na Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tha Rayne – Chart history – Billboard |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/377448/tha-rayne/chart |website=www.billboard.com}}</ref> Kundin farko na su, "Reign Supreme" <ref name="youknowigotsoul" /> bai fito ba kuma ƙungiyar ta wargaje a 2005. <ref name="youknowigotsoul" /> Yayin da take memba a Tha' Rayne, Bingham ta kuma sami suna a matsayin mawaƙin da aka naɗa a ƙungiyar hip-hop ta De La Soul, <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2014 |title=Yummy Bingham Interview |url=http://www.ilovesunsplash.com/yummy-bingham-interview/ |website=I Love Sunsplash}}</ref> wacce aka nuna a waƙoƙinsu da waƙoƙinsu iri-iri, kuma tana raka su a yawon shakatawa tsakanin 2000 da 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2001 |title=Osmosis Jones |url=https://www.amazon.com/Osmosis-Jones-Randy-Edelman/dp/B00005N82K |website=Amazon}}</ref> Daga 2003, Bingham ta fara yin aiki tare da mawaka daban-daban, inda ta sami yabo daga rubuce-rubuce da/ko murya daga waƙoƙin Talib Kweli, <ref name="vibe"/> Patti LaBelle, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Timeless Journey – Patti LaBelle – Credits |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/timeless-journey-mw0000332351/credits |website=AllMusic}}</ref> Lupe Fiasco, <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2008 |title=Follow the Leader |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Follow-Leader-Lupe-Fiasco/dp/B001DGSG1U |via=Amazon}}</ref> Black Sheep, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Sheep – 8WM/Novakane (Album) |url=http://www.2kmusic.com/fr/album/8wm-novakane/1395 |website=2KMUSIC.COM}}</ref> [[Sean Combs|P. Diddy]], Christina Aguilera <ref name="swedishcharts" /> Mary J. Blige, <ref name="swedishcharts">{{Cite web |title=Swedishcharts.com – Elizabeth Wyce |url=http://www.swedishcharts.com/showperson.asp?name%3DElizabeth+Wyce |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222105258/http://www.swedishcharts.com/showperson.asp?name=Elizabeth+Wyce |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |access-date=December 11, 2015}}</ref> [[Sunshine Anderson]], Busta Rhymes, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Meka |title=Busta Rhymes – Always Love Thy Family f. Yummy Bingham |url=http://2dopeboyz.com/2011/04/04/busta-rhymes-always-love-thy-family-f-yummy-bingham/ |website=2DOPEBOYZ}}</ref> [[Nas]], <ref name="hypetrak.com">{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2023 |title=Music &#124; HYPEBEAST |url=http://hypetrak.com/2011/07/nas-featuring-keyshia-cole-more-than-i-can-say/}}</ref> Keyshia Cole, <ref name="hypetrak.com" /> Amrie, <ref name="swedishcharts" /> Mýa ko Monica . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ACE Title Search |url=https://www.ascap.com/Home/ace-title-search/index.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306032310/https://www.ascap.com/Home/ace-title-search/index.aspx |archive-date=March 6, 2013 |access-date=April 19, 2013}}</ref> A lokacin da take da shekaru 18, Bingham ta zama mace mafi ƙarama a cikin manyan kamfanoni masu alaƙa da ita <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thabiz.com-Yummy Bingham Interview |url=http://www.thabiz.com/yummybinghaminterview.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20060420042313/http://www.thabiz.com/yummybinghaminterview.htm |archive-date=April 20, 2006 |access-date=October 29, 2007}} Tha Biz Interview</ref> kuma mace mafi ƙarama a cikin manyan kamfanoni masu rikodin rikodi. <ref name="youknowigotsoul"/> Ta kafa kamfanin "Muzic Park" tare da Rockwilder <ref name="vibe"/> ya lashe kyautar Grammy, kuma ita ce mawakiyar farko a kamfanin ta hanyar yarjejeniyar rikodi da [[Motown]] a Amurka <ref name="comegetit">{{Cite web |title=Come Get It |url=https://www.amazon.com/Come-Get-It-Yummy-Bingham/dp/B000W26884 |website=Amazon}}</ref> da [[Island Records]] a Burtaniya. <ref name="thefirstseed" /> Ta fitar da waƙoƙin "Come Get It", <ref name="youknowigotsoul" /> "Is It Good To You" da "One More Chance" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yummy Bingham / One More Chance |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Yummy-Bingham-One-More-Chance/dp/B009E0OFFS |via=Amazon}}</ref> kuma ta fitar da kundin waƙoƙinta na farko ''The First Seed'' in the UK a watan Oktoban 2006. <ref name="thefirstseed">{{Cite web |date=October 9, 2006 |title=The First Seed |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/The-First-Seed-Yummy-Bingham/dp/B000HT38Y4 |via=Amazon}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da rubutawa da yin rikodi ga wasu mawaka kuma ta haifi 'yarta Aviela a watan Satumba na 2007. Ta ɗauki ɗan lokaci daga masana'antar rikodin don yin kiɗan Gospel / Inspirational amma daga ƙarshe ta koma R&B ta duniya a 2010 tare da sabuwar waƙa mai suna "Circles" wacce aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin "King of Paper Chasin". Ta kuma sanar da ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo. A shekarar 2013, ta haɗu da wani mai shirya R&amp;amp;B <ref name="radiointerview">{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2014 |title=Interview With Yummy Bingham on 95.5 WBRU – Talks Mixtape, New Single & More! |url=http://www.wbru.com/interview-with-yummy-bingham-on-95-5-wbru-talks-mixtape-new-single-more/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208215852/http://www.wbru.com/interview-with-yummy-bingham-on-95-5-wbru-talks-mixtape-new-single-more/ |archive-date=December 8, 2015 |access-date=December 8, 2015 |website=WBRU}}</ref> Nyce Hitz don yin rikodin sabbin abubuwa. Daga 29 ga Oktoba zuwa 31 ga Disamba, 2013, Bingham ta gabatar da wani shirin kiɗa mai suna "Taste Tuesdays" wanda ya ƙunshi fitowar ta mujallar kiɗa ta kan layi Singersroom, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Deyior |date=October 29, 2013 |title=Taste Tuesday: Yummy Bingham – Is This Real |url=https://singersroom.com/content/2013-10-29/taste-tuesday-yummy-bingham-is-this-real/}}</ref> daga cikin waƙoƙi 10 da ba a sake su ba, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Deyior |date=December 31, 2013 |title=Taste Tuesday: Yummy Bingham – No Time To Waste [EXCLUSIVE] |url=https://singersroom.com/content/2013-12-31/taste-tuesday-yummy-bingham-no-time-to-waste-exclusive/}}</ref> yawancinsu waƙoƙi ne na musamman waɗanda ba sa bayyana a cikin mixtape ɗin waƙoƙinta 10 "No Artificial Flavorz" wanda ta fitar daga baya, a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yummy Bingham – No Artificial Flavorz (EP) – Sorry4TheBlog.Com |url=http://sorry4theblog.com/yummy-bingham-noa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222084859/http://sorry4theblog.com/yummy-bingham-noa/ |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |access-date=December 8, 2015}}</ref> wanda waƙoƙin "Cuffin" da "Can We Stay" (wanda ke ɗauke da Kardinal Offishall ) suka tallata. <ref name="radiointerview" /> A wannan shekarar ne aka nuna Bingham a cikin waƙar Cam'ron mai suna "So Bad" tare da [[Nicki Minaj]] . A watan Afrilun 2015, Bingham ya fitar da waƙar "Hard to Love". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Radio Seen |date=June 28, 2013 |title=Yummy Bingham on Happy Hour RadioSEEN |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ro8i9cwiVZ8 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114100754/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ro8i9cwiVZ8&feature=applinks |archive-date=January 14, 2026 |via=YouTube |access-date=March 1, 2026 }}</ref> == Kundin Waƙoƙi == === Kundin waƙoƙi === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" width="20" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" width="300" | Kundin waƙoƙi ! colspan="10" | Matsayin jadawalin |- ! width="30" | <small>'''Amurka'''</small> ! width="30" | <small>'''Birtaniya'''</small> |- | 2006 | '''''Zuriyar Farko''''' * Kundin studio na 1 * An Saki: 9 ga Oktoba, 2006 (Birtaniya) * Tsarin: CD, zazzagewa ta dijital |{{Center|—}} |{{Center|—}} |- |2014 | '''''Babu ɗanɗanon Wucin Gadi''''' * EP * An Saki: Janairu 7, 2014 (Amurka) * Tsarin: Saukewa ta dijital |{{Center|—}} |{{Center|—}} |- |} === Wasa ɗaya kawai a matsayin mai yin wasan kwaikwayo === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:10px;" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" style="width:170px;" | Lakabi ! colspan="4" | Matsayi na jadawali mafi tsayi ! rowspan="2" style="width:145px;" | Kundin waƙoƙi |- ! style="width:3em; font-size:85%" | Amurka ! style="width:3em; font-size:85%" | Amurka<nowiki><br id="mwAS8"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki> R<nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B ! style="width:3em; font-size:85%" | Birtaniya ! style="width:3em; font-size:85%" | R&amp;amp;B na Burtaniya |- | rowspan="1" | 2015 | style="text-align:left;" | "Wuya a Soyayya" * <small>Zazzagewa ta Dijital (Amurka) : 20 ga Afrilu, 2015</small> | - | - | - | - | rowspan="1" | ''Ba kundin waƙa ɗaya ba'' |- | rowspan="1" | 2014 | style="text-align:left;" | "Za Mu Iya Zama" <small>(tare da Kardinal Offishall )</small> * <small>Zazzagewa ta Dijital (Amurka) : Janairu 7, 2014</small> | - | - | - | - | rowspan="2" | ''Babu ɗanɗanon Wucin Gadi'' |- | rowspan="1" | 2013 | style="text-align:left;" | "Cuff" * <small>Zazzagewa ta Dijital (Amurka) : Yuni 2013</small> | - | - | - | - |- |- | rowspan="2" | 2006 | style="text-align:left;" | "Ƙarin Dama ɗaya" * <small>Tasirin Rediyo (Amurka) : Afrilu 24, 2006</small> * <small>Zazzagewa ta Dijital (Amurka) : 2 ga Mayu, 2006</small> * <small>Guda ɗaya mai inci 12 (Amurka) : 23 ga Mayu, 2006</small> | - | - | - | - | rowspan="3" | ''Zuriyar Farko'' |- | style="text-align:left;" | "Shin yana da kyau a gare ku?" * <small>Guda ɗaya mai inci 12 (Amurka) : Disamba 20, 2005</small> * <small>Zazzagewa ta Dijital (Amurka) : Janairu 3, 2006</small> * <small>Tasirin Rediyo (Amurka) : Maris 7, 2006</small> | - | - | - | - |- | rowspan="1" | 2005 Amurka, 2006 Birtaniya | style="text-align:left;" | "Zo Ka Samu" <small>(tare da Jadakiss )</small> * <small>Saukewa ta Dijital (Amurka): 10 ga Mayu, 2005</small> * <small>Tasirin Rediyo (Amurka): 2 ga Agusta, 2005</small> * <small>Saukewa ta Dijital (Birtaniya) : 12 ga Yuni, 2006</small> * <small>Guda ɗaya mai inci 12 (Birtaniya) : 2 ga Oktoba, 2006</small> * <small>CD Guda ɗaya (Birtaniya) : 2 ga Oktoba, 2006</small> | - | - | 82 | 38 |- |} === Mawaka marasa aure a matsayin waɗanda aka nuna a matsayin masu wasan kwaikwayo === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" width="28" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" width="300" | Lakabi ! colspan="4" | Matsayin jadawalin ! rowspan="2" width="170" | Kundin waƙoƙi |- ! width="40" | Amurka Mai Zafi 100 ! width="40" | R&amp;amp;B na Amurka ! width="40" | Birtaniya ! width="40" | R&amp;amp;B na Burtaniya |- |- | rowspan="1" | 2017 | "Kawuna Sama Ido A Buɗe" <small>( Talib Kweli tare da Rick Ross da Yummy Bingham)</small> * <small>Saukewa ta Dijital (Amurka): Satumba 29, 2017</small> | align="center" | — | align="center" | — | align="center" | — | align="center" | — | rowspan="1" align="left" | ''Shiru a Rediyo'' |- | rowspan="1" | 2016 | "Na Gama" <small>( B. Slade tare da Yummy Bingham)</small> | align="center" | — | align="center" | — | align="center" | — | align="center" | —| {{TBA}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2014 | "So Bad" <small>( Cam'ron tare da [[Nicki Minaj]] da Yummy)</small> * <small>Zazzagewa ta Dijital (Amurka) : 15 ga Yuli, 2014</small> | align="center" | — | align="center" | 85 | align="center" | — | align="center" | — | rowspan="1" align="left" | ''1 ga Watan Juzu'i na 2'' |- | "Melody" <small>( Gene Noble tare da Yummy Bingham)</small> * <small>Zazzagewa ta Dijital (Amurka) : 2 ga Yuli, 2014</small> | align="center" | — | align="center" | — | align="center" | — | align="center" | — | rowspan="1" align="left" | Sautin waƙar ''Gun Hill'' |- | rowspan="1" | 2011 | "Duk Soyayyata" <small>( [[Tiron & Ayomari]] tare da Yummy Bingham)</small> * <small>Saukewa ta Dijital (Amurka): Satumba 23, 2011</small> | align="center" | — | align="center" | — | align="center" | — | align="center" | — | rowspan="1" align="left" | ''Mai tsotsa famfo'' |- | rowspan="1" | 2003 | " Mafi Yawa " <small>( De La Soul tare da DJ Premier da Yummy)</small> * <small>Guda ɗaya mai inci 12 (Birtaniya) : 4 ga Agusta, 2003</small> | align="center" | — | align="center" | — | align="center" | 85 | align="center" | — | rowspan="1" align="left" | ''Ranar Niƙa'' |- | rowspan="1" | 2001 Amurka, 2002 Birtaniya | " Baby Phat " <small>( De La Soul tare da Devin The Dude da Yummy)</small> * <small>Tasirin Rediyo (Amurka) : Nuwamba 2001</small> * <small>Guda ɗaya mai inci 12 (Amurka) : Nuwamba 6, 2001</small> * <small>CD Guda ɗaya (Birtaniya) : 18 ga Fabrairu, 2002</small> | align="center" | — | align="center" | — | align="center" | 81 | align="center" | 55 | rowspan="1" align="left" | ''AOI: Bionix'' |- |} === Bayyanar waƙoƙin sauti === {| class="wikitable" ! width="33" |Shekara ! width="200" | Waƙa ! width="200" | Masu fasaha ! width="250" | Fim |- | rowspan="1" | 2010 | "Waƙa" | Gene Noble da Yummy Bingham | Gun Hill |- | rowspan="1" | 2010 | "Da'irori" | Kyakkyawan Bingham | Sarkin Takarda Chasin |- | rowspan="1" | 2010 | "Babban Burodi" | Cuku tare da Yummy Bingham | Sarkin Takarda Chasin |- | rowspan="1" | 2005 | "An Kama Ni" | Kyakkyawan Bingham | Shagon Kayan Kwalliya |- | rowspan="1" | 2001 | "Kashe shi" | De La Soul da Yummy Bingham | Osmosis Jones |- |} === Wasu bayyanar === {| class="wikitable" ! width="33" |Year ! width="200" |Song ! width="200" |Artists ! width="250" |Credits |- |2025 |"Will Be" |De La Soul |Featured artist |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |"Greaner Grass/Cleaner Water" |[[Tiron & Ayomari]] |Co-writer, Featured artist |- |"Black Business" |Princess Good Good |Co-writer, Vocalist |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |"All of Us" |Talib Kweli, Jay Electronica |Co-writer, Featured artist |- |"Heads Up Eyes Open" |Talib Kweli, Rick Ross |Co-writer, Featured artist |- |"It's Me and You" |Mall G |Co-writer, Featured artist |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |"Sincerly Yours" |Swerv-O |Featured artist |- |"Make Me Feel" |RK |Featured artist |- | rowspan="4" |2015 |"Watch How You Move" |Busta Rhymes, Raekwon |Featured artist |- |"Deeper Love" |Jayo Cote |Co-writer, Featured artist |- |"Unnecessary Pain" |[[Joe Budden]], [[Felicia Temple]] |Featured artist |- |"Happy Tears" |John Brackett |Featured artist |- | rowspan="3" |2014 |"Chosen" |Scoe |Featured artist |- |"Too Much" |Zendaya |Co-writer |- |"In a Perfect World" |[[Ginette Claudette]] |Co-writer, Background vocalist |- |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |"Live To Love You (Remix)" |J Hoard |Featured artist |- |- |"Get Right" |EvitaN, Casual |Featured artist |- |- | rowspan="7" |2012 |"Reach High" |Kardinal Offishall, Nottz |Featured artist |- |"Wonder Love" |Wonder Girls |Co-writer |- |"You Are My Reason" |Miho Fukuhara, AI |Co-writer |- |"Just Anybody" |Big Brother Biz |Featured vocalist |- |"Get Out" |Nilo G |Featured vocalist |- |"Deja" |Nilo G |Featured vocalist |- |"So Bad" |Cam'ron, [[Nicki Minaj]] |Featured vocalist |- | rowspan="12" |2011 |"All My Love" |[[Tiron & Ayomari]] |Featured vocalist |- |"M.F.G." |[[Tiron & Ayomari]] |Background vocalist |- |"F*** You" |Slim da Mobster |Featured vocalist |- |"The One" |Gene Noble |Featured vocalist |- |"Melody" |Gene Noble |Featured vocalist |- |"Scream" |Jaila Simms |Featured vocalist |- |"I'm Done" |B.Slade |Featured vocalist |- |"Don't Wanna Be" |A-Plus |Featured vocalist |- |"Thought You Had Me" |Monica |Co-writer, Background vocalist |- |"When I Look At You" |Q.U.E. |Featured vocalist |- |"More Than I Can Say" |[[Nas]], Keyshia Cole |Co-writer |- |"Always Love Thy Family" |Busta Rhymes |Featured vocalist |- | rowspan="4" |2010 |"Go Harder" |Yes Lord |Featured vocalist |- |"Foot On The Pedal" |[https://twitter.com/tfmafia T.F. Mafia] & MontBangers |Featured vocalist |- |"The Parking Lot" |Tonex |Background vocalist |- |"Everything Alright Everything OK" |Chipz Da General |Featured vocalist |- | rowspan="2" |2009 |"Loving Out The Box" |Judacamp |Featured vocalist |- |"DreamMaker" |Paula Campbell |Co-writer |- | rowspan="3" |2008 |"Numba 1 (Tide Is High) Remix" |Kardinal Offishall |Featured vocalist |- |"Ego Trippin" |Mýa |Co-writer |- |"High Off You" |Billy Guy |Featured vocalist |- | rowspan="5" |2007 |"Feels Good" |The Game |Featured vocalist |- |"I've Changed" |Jaheim, Keyshia Cole, |Background vocalist |- |"Gangsta Paradise" |Ja Rule |Featured vocalist |- |"We Got The Street" |Flipmode Squad |Featured vocalist |- |"Trust" |[[Sunshine Anderson]] |Co-writer, Background vocalist |- | rowspan="7" |2006 |"The Bomb" |Ray Cash |Featured vocalist |- |"Tell Me" |[[Sean Combs|P. Diddy]], Christina Aguilera |Co-writer, Background vocalist |- |"Making It Hard" |[[Sean Combs|P. Diddy]], Mary J. Blige |Co-writer |- |"Be About Yours" |Keshia Chanté |Co-writer, Background vocalist |- |"Breathe" |Shayla G |Featured vocalist |- |"Wonder" |Black Sheep |Featured vocalist |- |"Hold Me Down" |Merlino |Featured vocalist |- | rowspan="4" |2005 |"Out On Bail" (Supa Dave West Mix) |[[Tupac Shakur]] |Featured vocalist |- |"Pardon Me" |Salt |Featured vocalist |- |"Man Up" |Amerie |Co-writer |- |"Magic" |Crystal Kay |Co-writer, Background vocals |- | rowspan="11" |2004 |"Appreciate" |Spazzout |Featured vocalist |- |"Much More" |Lupe Fiasco |Featured vocalist |- |"Welcome Back Chilly" |Lupe Fiasco |Featured vocalist |- |"Much More" |De La Soul |Featured vocalist |- |"No" |De La Soul, Butta Verses |Featured vocalist |- |"Black Girl Pain" |Talib Kweli |Background vocalist |- |"Back It Up" |Shawn Kane |Featured vocalist |- |"My Baby" |Philly's Most Wanted, Ryan Toby |Background vocalist |- |"Dolo" |Tarralyn Ramsey |Co-writer, Background vocalist |- |"Unpredictable" |Patti LaBelle |Background vocalist |- |"Mama Can You Hear Me" |Billy Guy |Background vocalist |- | rowspan="2" |2003 |"Ghetto Love Song" |Jaron, Tha' Rayne |Featured vocalist |- |"Doin My Thang" |Jae Millz, Juelz Santana |Featured vocalist |- | rowspan="5" |2002 |"Juicy" |Next, Tha' Rayne |Featured vocalist |- |"Fabulous" |Jaheim, Tha' Rayne |Featured vocalist |- |"Something Wikid" |Midwikid |Background vocalist |- |"She's a Queen" |[[Sarauniya Latifah|Queen Latifah]], Tha' Rayne |Featured vocalist |- |"Ain't A Thang Wrong" |[[Maza na II|Boyz II Men]], Rob Jackson |Background vocalist |- | rowspan="4" |2001 |"Baby Phat" |De La Soul, Devin The Dude |Featured vocalist |- |"Special" |De La Soul |Featured vocalist |- |"Finers Keepers" |Jaheim, Lil' Mo |Background vocalist |- |"Remarkable" |Jaheim, Terry Dexter |Background vocalist |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] qi9ynvksmz8782qbnqs8ci896debu63 0 142326 823774 821903 2026-04-21T16:18:24Z IvanScrooge98 5040 823774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Analilia Mejia''' (an haife ta a shekarar 19 ga Augusta, 1977)<ref>https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M001246</ref> 'yar fafutuka ce ta Amurka, 'yar siyasa, kuma darakta mai zaman kanta a matsayin darakta mai haɗin gwiwa na ƙungiyar masu fafutukar ci gaba ta Center for Popular Democracy . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Wildstein |first=David |date=November 14, 2025 |title=Analilia Mejia, a top staffer to Bernie Sanders in 2020, may seek Sherrill congressional seat |url=https://newjerseyglobe.com/congress/analilia-mejia-a-top-staffer-to-bernie-sanders-in-2020-may-seek-sherrill-congressional-seat/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 |website=[[New Jersey Globe]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin daraktan siyasa na ƙasa na kamfen ɗin shugaban ƙasa na Bernie Sanders na 2020 kuma ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka a lokacin gwamnatin Biden . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nussbaum |first=Alex |last2=Westhoven |first2=William |date=February 6, 2026 |title=Who is Analilia Mejia? Activist in a tight primary in NJ-11 District |url=https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/politics/elections/2026/02/06/who-is-analilia-mejia-nj-primary-for-district-11-congress/88541237007/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 |website=[[North Jersey Media Group]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mejia ita ce 'yar takarar Democrat a zaɓen musamman na gundumar 11 ta majalisar dokoki ta New Jersey na 2026. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Mejia a Elizabeth, New Jersey, ga uwa daga [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] da kuma uba daga [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominican]], waɗanda dukkansu ma'aikatan masana'antu ne; da farko mahaifiyarta ba ta da takardun shaida. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=O'Dea |first=Colleen |date=March 9, 2016 |title=Profile: Family’s Own Story Motivates Her to Help the Working Poor in NJ |url=https://www.njspotlightnews.org/2016/03/16-03-08-profile-family-s-own-story-motivates-her-to-help-the-working-poor-in-nj/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 |website=[[NJ Spotlight]]}}</ref> An rene ta a garin haihuwarta, <ref name=":1" /> ta sami digirin farko a fannin adabi na kwatantawa daga Jami'ar Rutgers a shekarar 2000, digirin digiri na biyu a fannin manufofin jama'a daga Makarantar Tsare-tsare da manufofin jama'a ta Edward J. Bloustein a shekarar 2002, da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin dangantakar ma'aikata da ilimi daga Makarantar Gudanarwa da Hulɗa da Ma'aikata a shekarar 2003. <ref name="Rutgers 2019">{{Cite web |last=Lally |first=Robin |date=March 13, 2019 |title=White House or Bust for Rutgers Alumna |url=https://www.rutgers.edu/news/white-house-or-bust-rutgers-alumna |access-date=February 6, 2025 |website=[[Rutgers University]]}}</ref> == Sana'a == [[Fayil:White_House_Champions_of_Change_Anelilia_Mejia.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Mejia a shekarar 2009]] [[Fayil:Women's_March_on_New_Jersey_1_21_17_-_32452047125.jpg|right|thumb|201x201px|Mejia (dama) tana magana a lokacin zanga-zangar mata a New Jersey a shekarar 2017.]] Mejia ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shiryawa tare da Ma'aikatan Abinci da Kasuwanci na United Food and Commercial, ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan siyasa na SEIU Local 32BJ, Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Otal da Gidajen Abinci, da kuma mataimakin darektan siyasa a UNITE HERE da ke [[Chicago]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=O'Dea |first=Colleen |date=March 9, 2016 |title=Profile: Family’s Own Story Motivates Her to Help the Working Poor in NJ |url=https://www.njspotlightnews.org/2016/03/16-03-08-profile-family-s-own-story-motivates-her-to-help-the-working-poor-in-nj/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 |website=[[NJ Spotlight]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Dea2016">O'Dea, Colleen (March 9, 2016). [https://www.njspotlightnews.org/2016/03/16-03-08-profile-family-s-own-story-motivates-her-to-help-the-working-poor-in-nj/ "Profile: Family's Own Story Motivates Her to Help the Working Poor in NJ"]. ''[[NJ Spotlight]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> A zaɓen Majalisar Dattawan Amurka na 2012 a New Jersey, Mejia ita ce Daraktan Kuri'ar Latino/Labour na kamfen ɗin Bob Menendez mai ci. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Wildstein |first=David |date=February 4, 2021 |title=Analilia Mejia named to U.S. Department of Labor post |url=https://newjerseyglobe.com/national/analilia-mejia-named-to-u-s-department-of-labor-post/ |access-date=February 7, 2026 |website=[[New Jersey Globe]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Tun daga shekarar 2014, ta kasance babbar darekta a New Jersey Working Families Alliance, wani reshe na Jam'iyyar Working Families Party . A zaɓen fidda gwani na shugaban ƙasa na Democrat na 2016, Mejia ta kasance wakili ga Bernie Sanders . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Flanagan |first=Brenda |title=NJ Working Families executive director to join Bernie Sanders campaign {{!}} Video |url=https://www.njspotlightnews.org/video/nj-working-families-executive-director-to-join-bernie-sanders-campaign/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 |website=[[NJ Spotlight News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, ta bar New Jersey Working Families Alliance don yin aiki a matsayin darektan siyasa na ƙasa don yakin neman zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Sanders na 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dovere |first=Edward-Isaac |date=February 19, 2019 |title=Bernie Sanders Is the Democratic Front-Runner |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/02/bernie-sanders-democratic-frontrunner-president/583066/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |language=en}}</ref> An nada Mejia mataimakiyar darakta a Ofishin Mata na Amurka a Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka a lokacin gwamnatin [[Joe Biden]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Wildstein |first=David |date=November 14, 2025 |title=Analilia Mejia, a top staffer to Bernie Sanders in 2020, may seek Sherrill congressional seat |url=https://newjerseyglobe.com/congress/analilia-mejia-a-top-staffer-to-bernie-sanders-in-2020-may-seek-sherrill-congressional-seat/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 |website=[[New Jersey Globe]] |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWildstein2025">Wildstein, David (November 14, 2025). [https://newjerseyglobe.com/congress/analilia-mejia-a-top-staffer-to-bernie-sanders-in-2020-may-seek-sherrill-congressional-seat/ "Analilia Mejia, a top staffer to Bernie Sanders in 2020, may seek Sherrill congressional seat"]. ''[[New Jersey Globe]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Wildstein |first=David |date=February 4, 2021 |title=Analilia Mejia named to U.S. Department of Labor post |url=https://newjerseyglobe.com/national/analilia-mejia-named-to-u-s-department-of-labor-post/ |access-date=February 7, 2026 |website=[[New Jersey Globe]] |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWildstein2021">Wildstein, David (February 4, 2021). [https://newjerseyglobe.com/national/analilia-mejia-named-to-u-s-department-of-labor-post/ "Analilia Mejia named to U.S. Department of Labor post"]. ''[[New Jersey Globe]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu ita ce darakta mai haɗin gwiwa a Cibiyar Dimokuradiyya Mai Farin Jini . <ref name=":0" /> == Yaƙin neman zaɓen 'Yan Majalisar Wakilan Amurka na 2026 == A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 2025, Mejia ta sanar da takararta ta neman zaɓe na musamman a gundumar 11 ta majalisar dokoki ta New Jersey bayan da Mikie Sherrill, wakiliyar da ke kan mulki, ta zama gwamnan New Jersey . [1] Ita da wasu 'yan takara 10, ciki har da tsohon wakilin Amurka Tom Malinowski da tsohon mataimakin gwamna Tahesha Way, sun tsaya takara a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat. Mejia ta tsaya a matsayin mai ci gaba, tare da goyon bayan Sanatocin Amurka Bernie Sanders da Elizabeth Warren da kuma Wakilin Amurka Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez . [2] A lokacin zaɓen fidda gwani, ta yi jawabi a wani gangami a Wayne, New Jersey a matsayin wani ɓangare na rangadin Sanders na Fighting Oligarchy . [3] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3doqtw1y0al56fsxpg9bdo4js6f9tib 0 142440 823765 801504 2026-04-21T16:14:49Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 823765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Celia Andrea Bonilla Gemio''' (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga Agusta 1978) ma'aikaciyar noma ce 'yar ƙasar Bolivia, 'yar siyasa, kuma 'yar ƙungiyar kwadago wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin memba a cikin jerin jam'iyyu na Majalisar Wakilai daga La Paz daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2020. Ta kasance 'yar ƙabilar Afro-Bolivia, aikin Bonilla ya fara ne a ƙungiyoyin kwadago na noma na arewacin La Paz, inda ta riƙe mukamai a matsayin shugaba da wakiliyar mata. Shahararriyar rawar da ta taka a can ya taimaka wajen zaɓenta a cikin jerin jam'iyyun Movement for Socialism na 2014, wanda ta hanyarsa aka zaɓe ta a Majalisar Wakilai. A matsayinta na 'yar majalisa, Bonilla tana da matsayi na zama mace ta farko 'yar Afro-Bolivia a tarihin majalisar dokokin Bolivia da ta yi aiki a majalisar. Tana ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan Afro-Bolivia guda biyu na farko a majalisar dokoki, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mata uku kacal, bayan Jorge Medina . == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Andrea Bonilla a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 1978 a Caranavi, babban birnin lardin da ake kira da sunan a [[Yungas na Bolivia|Yankin Yungas]] na La Paz. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-28 |title=Padrón electoral biométrico y militancia: Celia Andrea Bonilla Gemio |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:(Andrea_Bonilla)_Biometric_Electoral_Roll_%26_Political_Militancy.png |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=yoparticipo.oep.org.bo |publisher=[[Plurinational Electoral Organ]] |language=es |publication-place=La Paz}}</ref> Bonilla ta shafe yawancin rayuwarta ta farko a cikin aikin gona kafin ta zama mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci na yankin. Ta yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatariyar ƙungiyar ma'aikata a makwabciyar Garin Teoponte, daga baya ta shiga cikin Ƙungiyar Al'ummomin Al'adu ta La Paz, babbar ƙungiyar da ke wakiltar mazaunan noma na sashen.{{Sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018}} Bonilla ta rike mukamin a matsayin wakilin mata na kungiyar har zuwa shekara ta 2014, shekarar da aka zabe ta a Majalisar Wakilai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-26 |title=Calama, Caranavi recibió Títulos Ejecutoriales del INRA |url=https://www.inra.gob.bo/InraPb/paginaController?cmd=noticia&id=8184 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131011621/https://www.inra.gob.bo/InraPb/paginaController?cmd=noticia&id=8184 |archive-date=2023-01-31 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=inra.gob.bo |publisher=National Institute of Agrarian Reform |language=es |publication-place=La Paz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-20 |title=Posesionan a nuevo director del INRA La Paz |url=https://www.inra.gob.bo/InraPb/paginaController?cmd=noticia&id=8556 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131011807/https://www.inra.gob.bo/InraPb/paginaController?cmd=noticia&id=8556 |archive-date=2023-01-31 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=inra.gob.bo |publisher=National Institute of Agrarian Reform |language=es |publication-place=La Paz}}</ref>{{Sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018}} == Majalisar Wakilai == === Zaɓuɓɓuka === Shahararrun shugabannin da wakilan ƙungiyoyin gona da na ƙauyuka sun daɗe suna da mahimmanci a cikin jerin sunayen masu jefa kuri'a na Movement for Socialism (MAS).[1] A cikin shekara ta 2014, musamman, an ba da mata masu sana'a na ƙauyuka ƙarin kasancewarsu, wani mataki wanda ya haifar da mafi girman caucus na mata manoma da aka zaba zuwa majalisa a tarihin Bolivia. An haɗa shi daga cikin wannan rukuni Bonilla, [1] ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takarar Afirka-Bolivian guda uku a cikin kuri'un wannan zagaye na zaben, tare da Ancelma Perlacios da Mónica Rey.[1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] 97geal0rgb1tai8y50wtaw0ic9oh04c 823767 823765 2026-04-21T16:15:06Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 823767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Celia Andrea Bonilla Gemio''' (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga Agusta 1978) ma'aikaciyar noma ce 'yar ƙasar Bolivia, 'yar siyasa, kuma 'yar ƙungiyar kwadago wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin memba a cikin jerin jam'iyyu na Majalisar Wakilai daga La Paz daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2020. Ta kasance 'yar ƙabilar Afro-Bolivia, aikin Bonilla ya fara ne a ƙungiyoyin kwadago na noma na arewacin La Paz, inda ta riƙe mukamai a matsayin shugaba da wakiliyar mata. Shahararriyar rawar da ta taka a can ya taimaka wajen zaɓenta a cikin jerin jam'iyyun Movement for Socialism na 2014, wanda ta hanyarsa aka zaɓe ta a Majalisar Wakilai. A matsayinta na 'yar majalisa, Bonilla tana da matsayi na zama mace ta farko 'yar Afro-Bolivia a tarihin majalisar dokokin Bolivia da ta yi aiki a majalisar. Tana ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan Afro-Bolivia guda biyu na farko a majalisar dokoki, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mata uku kacal, bayan Jorge Medina . == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Andrea Bonilla a ranar 4 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1978 a Caranavi, babban birnin lardin da ake kira da sunan a [[Yungas na Bolivia|Yankin Yungas]] na La Paz. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-28 |title=Padrón electoral biométrico y militancia: Celia Andrea Bonilla Gemio |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:(Andrea_Bonilla)_Biometric_Electoral_Roll_%26_Political_Militancy.png |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=yoparticipo.oep.org.bo |publisher=[[Plurinational Electoral Organ]] |language=es |publication-place=La Paz}}</ref> Bonilla ta shafe yawancin rayuwarta ta farko a cikin aikin gona kafin ta zama mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci na yankin. Ta yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatariyar ƙungiyar ma'aikata a makwabciyar Garin Teoponte, daga baya ta shiga cikin Ƙungiyar Al'ummomin Al'adu ta La Paz, babbar ƙungiyar da ke wakiltar mazaunan noma na sashen.{{Sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018}} Bonilla ta rike mukamin a matsayin wakilin mata na kungiyar har zuwa shekara ta 2014, shekarar da aka zabe ta a Majalisar Wakilai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-26 |title=Calama, Caranavi recibió Títulos Ejecutoriales del INRA |url=https://www.inra.gob.bo/InraPb/paginaController?cmd=noticia&id=8184 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131011621/https://www.inra.gob.bo/InraPb/paginaController?cmd=noticia&id=8184 |archive-date=2023-01-31 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=inra.gob.bo |publisher=National Institute of Agrarian Reform |language=es |publication-place=La Paz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-20 |title=Posesionan a nuevo director del INRA La Paz |url=https://www.inra.gob.bo/InraPb/paginaController?cmd=noticia&id=8556 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131011807/https://www.inra.gob.bo/InraPb/paginaController?cmd=noticia&id=8556 |archive-date=2023-01-31 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=inra.gob.bo |publisher=National Institute of Agrarian Reform |language=es |publication-place=La Paz}}</ref>{{Sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018}} == Majalisar Wakilai == === Zaɓuɓɓuka === Shahararrun shugabannin da wakilan ƙungiyoyin gona da na ƙauyuka sun daɗe suna da mahimmanci a cikin jerin sunayen masu jefa kuri'a na Movement for Socialism (MAS).[1] A cikin shekara ta 2014, musamman, an ba da mata masu sana'a na ƙauyuka ƙarin kasancewarsu, wani mataki wanda ya haifar da mafi girman caucus na mata manoma da aka zaba zuwa majalisa a tarihin Bolivia. An haɗa shi daga cikin wannan rukuni Bonilla, [1] ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takarar Afirka-Bolivian guda uku a cikin kuri'un wannan zagaye na zaben, tare da Ancelma Perlacios da Mónica Rey.[1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] jxq0df1i7q58wxra2scx6yrj8f4z8jq 0 142770 824134 802454 2026-04-22T10:41:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zella na Milhau''' (1866-1954) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka, direban motar asibiti, mai shirya al'umma kuma 'yar sanda mai babur. Milhau ya taimaka wajen shirya ''Block Beautiful'', shirin kyautata unguwa na 1902 a Brooklyn, New York. A matsayinta na mai zane an san ta da zane-zane, waɗanda aka haɗa su a cikin tarin kayan gargajiya da yawa. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko ta tafi Ingila don yin aikin sa kai, kuma an nada ta a matsayin sajan daukar ma'aikata a cikin Sojojin Horar da Masu Sa kai. Daga baya ta tara kudaden al'umma a Southampton don sayen motar asibiti, wanda ta sanye take da ita kuma ta tuka ta a Faransa tsakanin layin gaba da asibitoci. Ta sami Croix de guerre da Medal of French Gratitude daga gwamnatin Faransa saboda hidimar da ta yi. A lokacin da ta dawo Southampton, ta kasance a takaice jami'in 'yan sanda na farko a yankin. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Zella de Milhau a shekara ta 1866 <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1174/images/USM1490_469-0259?pId=1028844 |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=www.ancestry.com}}</ref> a [[Manhattan]]" id="mwJA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="NoHo, Manhattan">NoHo, New York a Manhattan, a cikin gine-ginen Colonnade Row a kan titin Lafayette . <ref name="NYT2">{{Cite web |last=Gray |first=Christopher |date=15 June 1997 |title=By That Endangered but Hardy Species, the Street Tree (Published 1997) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/15/realestate/by-that-endangered-but-hardy-species-the-street-tree.html |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Iyayenta suna gudanar da kantin sayar da magunguna mai nasara a Manhattan. Kwarewarta ta farko ta ilimin fasaha ta kasance a kungiyar Art Students League ta New York . A shekara ta 1896 an ruwaito cewa tana da ɗakin karatu a New York, kuma tana yin zane-zane da tawada don littattafai na lokaci-lokaci. Ayyukanta sun bayyana a cikin 1891 a cikin The Decorator and Furnisher kuma a cikin 1895 a cikin Monthly Illustrator, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Milhau |first=Zella |year=1891 |title=Home Decoration |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25586483 |journal=The Decorator and Furnisher |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=109–112 |doi=10.2307/25586483 |jstor=25586483 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A shekara ta 1898 ta koma 291 Henry Street a Brooklyn; ta bayyana a cikin rajistar zamantakewa wannan shekarar. <ref name="NYT2" /> Ya kasance a kan titin Henry a cikin 1902 cewa ta jagoranci ƙoƙari na farko don kyautata birane da ake kira ''Block Beautiful'' . <ref name="NYT2"/><ref name="BrownstoneDetectives">{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2017 |title=The Greenest Block in Brooklyn |url=https://www.brownstonedetectives.com/miss-zella-milhaus-greenest-block-in-brooklyn-1902/ |website=The Brownstone Detectives}}</ref> A matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin kawo ƙarin itatuwa da tsire-tsire zuwa unguwar, ta shirya maƙwabtanta don shiga. ''[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times]]'' ta rubuta a shekarar 1997 cewa ta shawo kan maƙwabtanta su "ƙara akwatunan taga, shuka bishiyoyi, shigar da kayan lambu da dawo da yadudduka na baya daga sandunan wanki da ƙasa mai wuya. Ta tattara ƙirar ƙira don akwatunan taga. "<ref name="NYT2" /> [[Fayil:Zella-De-Milhau-Montauk-Bluffs.jpg|right|thumb|Montauk Bluffs, na Zella de Milhau (1920) ]] === Ka ƙaura zuwa Southampton === De Milhau ta kasance baƙo mai yawa a Southampton, inda ta kuma halarci Shinnecock Hills Summer School of Art . === Yaƙin Duniya na I === A lokacin yakin duniya na farko ta bar Southampton zuwa Ingila a lokacin 1914 da 1915, inda ta yi aiki tare da O.H.M.S Volunteer Motor Corps <ref name="southamptonGov">{{Cite web |title=Auxilliary &#91;sic&#93; Ambulance Corps |url=https://www.southamptontownny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/9257/Zella-de-Milhau---Auxilliary-Ambulance-Corps-PDF |publisher=Government of Southampton}}</ref> kuma an nada ta a matsayin sajan daukar ma'aikata. Tare da kudaden da aka tara daga 'yan Southampton ta sayi motar asibiti a Faransa kuma ta tuka ta tsakanin layin gaba da asibitoci.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Aileen |date=12 March 2010 |title=Of Suffragettes and Seamstresses (Published 2010) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/14/nyregion/14artsli.html |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Don aikinta na lokacin yaƙi ta sami Croix de Guerre na Faransa, Gold Medaille de la Reconnaissance francaise, ambato daga asibitoci uku na gaba da garin Verberie, Faransa. === Komawa zuwa Southampton === Bayan ta dawo Southampton, ta sayi babur kuma ta zama jami'in babur na farko, "ofishin lamba 6". Jaridar New York Tribune ta ruwaito a watan Yulin 1920 cewa "Society Girl Motor Cop" Milhau ta dauki matsayin 'yar sanda mai babur, don bin direbobin da ke saurin gudu. A watan Satumbar 1920, shugaban 'yan sanda na Southampton ya ba da rahoton cewa Milhau zai daina hawa babur, kuma ya koma aikin' yan sanda a matsayin jami'in salula da mai fassara ga baƙi da ke fuskantar kotun yankin. De Milhau ita ce batun littafin 1936 Thank God for Laughter na Mel Erskine, sunan alkalami na abokin tarayya, marubucin Burtaniya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dec 16, 1936, page 44 - Brooklyn Eagle at Newspapers.com - Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/577444955/?match=1&terms=Erskine |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=www.newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> Mollie Lawton. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nov 24, 1936, page 36 - Brooklyn Eagle at Newspapers.com - Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/52679911/?terms=%22Mollie%20Lawton%22&match=1 |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=www.newspapers.com |language=en}}</ref> De Milhau ta ci gaba da kasancewa ƙwararren mai buga takardu a lokacin da ta dawo Southampton. A watan Oktoba 1923, Gidan Tarihi na Brooklyn Quarterly ya rubuta cewa biyu daga cikin bugawa na De Milhau, "''Sand Dunes, Long Island''" da "Lowland" sun kasance abubuwan da suka shiga kwanan nan na Gidan Tarihin Brooklyn. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hutchinson |first=Susan A. |last2=Lane |first2=Ferris |last3=Cole |first3=Timothy |date=1922 |title=Prints Among the Recent Accessions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26459289 |journal=The Brooklyn Museum Quarterly |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=194–198 |issn=2578-7632 |jstor=26459289}}</ref> A cikin 1923 De Milhau ya gabatar da bugawa mai launi ga Nunin Shekara na Bakwai na Brooklyn Society of Etchers . Rubutun ta "Boats Along Shore" zai sa masu son teku su "yi tsayi don iska" a cewar Ernest G. Draper na Brooklyn Museum Quarterly . == Tarin abubuwa == An haɗa aikinta a cikin tarin Smithsonian American Art Museum, Ruth da Elmer Wellin Museum of Art, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Works – Zella de Milhau – Artists – Ruth and Elmer Wellin Museum of Art at Hamilton College |url=http://wellin-emuseum.hamilton.edu/people/288/zella-de-milhau;jsessionid=D86EF4E9229D4E18E1F77C24E17C75DA/objects |website=wellin-emuseum.hamilton.edu }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Smith College, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collections Database Five Colleges and Historic Deerfield Museum Consortium |url=https://museums.fivecolleges.edu/detail.php?museum=&t=objects&type=exact&f=&s=cotta&record=720 |website=museums.fivecolleges.edu}}</ref> Guild Hall na East Hampton, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zella de Milhau |url=https://pc.guildhall.org/artpress_artist/zella-de-milhau/ |website=pc.guildhall.org}}</ref> da National Gallery of Art, Washington.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bird Houses, Southampton |url=https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.32851.html |website=www.nga.gov}}</ref> == Manazarta == gpl67xkb9lhizfhyrznay9u4m9gkrd2 0 143041 823984 803270 2026-04-22T07:46:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An gudanar da '''Zaben Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Yobe na 2019''' a ranar 9 ga Maris, 2019, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Jiha ta Yobe a Najeriya. Dukkanin kujeru 24 sun kasance don zabe a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Yobe .<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-03-13|title=Yobe: APC clears all but one assembly seat|url=https://dailytrust.com/yobe-apc-clears-all-but-one-assembly-seat|access-date=2022-01-04|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en}}</ref> An zabi Ahmed Lawan Mirwa daga [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Nguru II a matsayin Kakakin, yayin da aka zabi Auwal Isa Bello Danchuwa daga [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] wanda yake wakiltar mazaunin Mamudo a matsayin Mataimakin Kakakin.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Usman|first=Shehu|date=2019-06-24|title=Yobe Assembly elects Speaker, principal officers|url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/06/24/yobe-assembly-elects-speaker-principal-officers/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-01-04|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-24|title=Yobe Assembly elects Speaker, deputy|url=https://punchng.com/yobe-assembly-elects-speaker-deputy/|access-date=2022-01-04|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> == Sakamako == Sakamakon zaben an jera shi a ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Legislative – Yobe State|url=https://yobestate.gov.ng/legislative/|access-date=2022-01-04|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228053927/https://yobestate.gov.ng/legislative/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-03-12|title=PDP wins lone seat in Yobe Assembly|url=https://dailytrust.com/pdp-wins-lone-seat-in-yobe-assembly|access-date=2022-01-04|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=IV|first=Editorial|date=2019-04-01|title=Election: My dedication, loyalty earned me assembly seat – Only PDP elected Yobe lawmaker|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/%ef%bb%bfelection-my-dedication-loyalty-earned-me-assembly-seat-only-pdp-elected-yobe-lawmaker/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=2022-01-04|newspaper=Blueprint (newspaper)|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Mirwa Ahmed Lawan|Ahmed Lawan Mirwa]] daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Nguru II''' * Auwal Isa Bello Danchuwa daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Mamudo''' * Mohammad Lamido daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Tarmuwa''' * Gafu Mai Zabu daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Bade West''' * Mohammad Bazani daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Damaturu I''' * Ishaku Sani Audu daga APC ya lashe mazabar Goya / Ngegi'''Gundumar Goya / Ngegi''' * Chiroma A. Buba daga APC ya lashe mazabar Fune I'''Fune I mazabar''' * Mohammad Ali daga APC ya lashe mazabar Gaidam ta Kudu'''Gundumar Gaidam ta Kudu''' * Bunu Zanna daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Gulani''' * 18 Adamu Dafa Dogo daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Karasuwa''' * Abdullahi Adamu Bazuwa daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Potiskum''' * Hassan Mohammad daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Yusufari''' * Yakubu Suleiman daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Fika / Ngalda''' * Mala Lawan Jawa daga APC ya lashe mazabar Busari'''Gundumar Busari''' * Buba Ibrahim daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Damaturu II''' * Digima Gana daga APC ta lashe '''Mazabar Damagun''' * Bukar Mustapha daga APC ya lashe mazabar Gaidam ta Arewa'''Gundumar Gaidam ta Arewa''' * Lawan Sani Inuwa daga PDP ya lashe '''Mazabar Nguru I''' * Bulama Bukar daga APC ya lashe mazabar Gujba'''Gundumar Gujba''' * Ya'u Usman Dachia daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Jakusko''' * Saminu Musa Lawan daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Nangere''' * Ahmed Musa Dumbol daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Yunusari''' * Ahmed Musa Dumbol daga APC ya lashe '''Mazabar Yunusari''' * Mohammad Kabir Mai Malo daga APC ya lashe mazabar Bade East'''Mazabar Bade ta Gabas''' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} n3021tuw810ctzzxl5x6wx7hta3rdwv 0 143397 824099 804166 2026-04-22T09:35:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 824099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Zahrah the Windseeker''''' wani labari ne na almara na matasa kuma littafin farko na marubuciyar ' [[Yan Najeriya a Amurka|yar Amurka 'yar Najeriya]] [[Nnedi Okorafor]], wanda aka buga a watan Satumba na 2005. Ya ƙunshi [[Camfi|tatsuniyoyi]], almara, da [[Al'ada|al'adu]] na Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Silverman |first=Karyn N. |date=December 2005 |title=Zahrah the Windseeker |journal=School Library Journal |volume=51 |issue=12 |pages=151}}</ref> Ita ce ta lashe [[Kyautar Wole Soyinka don wallafe-wallafen Afirka|kyautar Wole Soyinka ta 2008 don Adabi a Afirka]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Previous Winners |url=http://www.luminafoundationsoyinkaprize.com/previous-winners.html |access-date=18 December 2013 |website=The Lumina Foundation, Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature in Africa}}</ref> == Labari == Littafin ya faru ne a masarautar [[Fiction (Almara)|arewa]] ta [[Jerin sarakunan Ife|Ooni]], wacce ke kan duniyar Ginen, inda ake yin fasaha ta amfani da tsire-tsire. Yara da aka haifa da Dada (dreadlocks) ana raina su saboda wata tsohuwar jita-jita game da su suna da ikon sihiri. Masarautar tana cikin daji mai kore da aka haramta. Zahrah Tsami tana da shekaru goma sha uku kuma tana zaune tare da iyayenta. An haife ta da Dada, wanda ke nufin inabi yana tsiro a tsakanin gashinta, kuma sau da yawa takwarorinta suna yi mata ba'a, sai dai babban abokinta, Dari. Zahrah ta gano iyawarta ta tashi a matsayin mai neman iska, amma tana jin tsoron tsayi, wanda hakan ke sa ta ji damuwa. A wani tafiye-tafiye na sirri da suka yi zuwa daji mai kore don yin atisaye da bincike tare da taimakon wani littafi mai suna digi da masu bincike suka rubuta, Dari ya ji wani maciji ya cije shi ya kuma fada cikin mawuyacin hali. Likitan ya rubuta wani magani da aka yi da wani kwai mai kama da dinosaur wanda ba a yi masa taki ba a matsayin maganin cutar Dari kawai. Zahrah ta tsere daga gida da littafin dijital da kuma kamfas ɗinta zuwa daji mai kore domin ta sami ƙwai na Elgort. Ta haɗu da kwaɗo mai ruwan hoda mai ban haushi da wasu waɗanda suka ba ta shawarar komawa gida. Yayin da take cikin daji, Zahrah ta gano cewa babin da ke cikin littafin dijital ɗin da ke ɗauke da bayanai game da Elgort ya lalace kuma ba za ta iya shiga ba. Bayan ta zauna a ƙauyen gorilla, inda aka haramta fasahar kere-kere, an gaya mata cewa kwaɗo mai launin ruwan hoda ne kawai zai iya gaya mata yadda za ta sami ƙwai na Elgort. Zahrah ta sake shiga daji har sai da ta haɗu da Nsibidi, mai neman iska wanda ya zo ya kai ta gida. Zahrah ta yi gudu ta ci karo da [[kwaɗo]] mai ruwan hoda, wanda daga ƙarshe ya gaya mata yadda za ta sami ƙwai. Ta yi nasarar satar ƙwai na Elgort wanda ba a yi masa taki ba, kuma ta sami damar tashi kafin Elgort ya kama ta. Zahrah ta koma gida, inda ta sake haɗuwa da iyayenta, kuma ana amfani da ƙwai don ƙirƙirar sinadarin da ke tayar da Dari. == Haruffa == * '''Zharah Tsami:''' Jarumar yarinya 'yar shekara 13 ce. Yaran makaranta suna yi wa Zahrah ba'a saboda kasancewarta mayya wadda ba ta cancanci a yi wa Dari mai farin jini ba saboda daddarta, kuma tana matuƙar son samun ƙwai na Elgort wanda ba a yi masa taki ba don warkar da ƙawarta Dari. Tana da kunya da shiru, kuma tana koyon ɗaukar alhaki yayin da take cikin dajin Greeny da aka haramta. * '''Dari''' : Dari shine kaɗai abokin Zarah kuma yaro mai farin jini a makaranta. Yana da ƙarfin hali da sha'awar bincika dajin kore da aka haramta bayan ya karanta wani littafi mai ɗauke da bayanai game da shi. Duk da haka, daga baya maciji ya cije shi ya faɗi cikin mawuyacin hali, sai kawai ya farka bayan ya sami maganin Elgort. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zarah the windseeker is an amazing tale |url=http://nnedi.com/books/zahrah_the_windseeker.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130083406/http://nnedi.com/books/zahrah_the_windseeker.html |archive-date=November 30, 2017 |access-date=April 7, 2020}}</ref> * '''Nsibidi''' : Nsibidi mai neman iska ce wadda ke sayar da kayan laya a Kasuwar Duhu. Tana ba Zarah shawara a takaice kuma tana ƙarfafa ta don ta gina ƙwarewarta ta tashi sama. Nsibidi tana da bambancin launin fata, domin mahaifiyarta 'yar ƙasa ce. * '''Kwaɗin''' : Kwaɗin mai sheƙi mai launin ruwan hoda mai launin zinare kwaɗi ne mai ban haushi, wanda ke da amsar duk tambayoyin kuma yana taimaka wa Zarah wajen samun ƙwai na Elgort. * '''Obax''' : Sarkin gwaggon da ke ɗauke da Zarah a garin gwaggon inda aka haramta [[Fasaha|fasahar zamani]] . * '''Papa Grip''' : Shugaban ƙaramin gari inda Zarah ke zaune. == Kyaututtuka == * An ''lashe'' [[Kyautar Wole Soyinka don wallafe-wallafen Afirka|kyautar Wole Soyinka ta 2008 don Adabi a Afirka]] * Kyautar Carl Brandon Parallax da Kindred ta 2005, ''an zaɓi ta a jerin waɗanda suka yi nasara'' * Kyautar Littattafan Matasa na Jihar Garden, ''wacce ta zo ta ƙarshe'' * Kyautar Golden Duck, ''wacce ta zo ta ƙarshe'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zahrah the Windseeker |url=https://www.goodreads.com/work/best_book/1246393-zahrah-the-windseeker |access-date=2021-08-08 |website=www.goodreads.com}}</ref> == Nassoshi == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://nnedi.com/books/zahrah_the_windseeker.html ''Zahrah the Windseeker'' a gidan yanar gizon marubucin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130083406/http://nnedi.com/books/zahrah_the_windseeker.html |date=2017-11-30 }} Archived * Zahrah the Windseeker a cikin s8nyn8vu5gox0ssud4pm1zcfxxaqod1 0 143801 823908 805192 2026-04-22T03:41:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yemima Ben-Menahem''' (Ibraniyawa; an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba 1946) farfesa ne (Emerita) a fannin falsafa a [[Jami'ar Ibraniyawa ta Kudus|Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima]] . Babban fannin kwarewarta shine falsafar kimiyya, musamman falsafar kimiyyar zamani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yemima Ben-Menachem |url=https://en.philosophy.huji.ac.il/people/yemima-ben-menachem |access-date=1 May 2020 |website=en.philosophy.huji.ac.il |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Yemima Goldschmidt (daga baya Ben-Menahem) ta sami BSc a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da lissafi a shekarar 1969 da MSc (summa cum laude) a fannin falsafar kimiyya a shekarar 1972, duka biyu daga Jami'ar Ibrananci ta Urushalima . Ta sami digirinta na PhD a Jami'ar Ibrananci a 1983 tare da rubutun da ake kira "Paradoxes and Intuitions", a karkashin jagorancin Mark Steiner . [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed] Ben-Menachem ta auri Hanina Ben-Monachem, farfesa a fannin shari'a a [[Jami'ar Ibraniyawa ta Kudus|Jami'ar Ibrananci]], tare da ita tana da 'ya'ya hudu. Mahaifiyarta ita ce Elisabeth Goldschmidt, ta fara bincike kan kwayoyin halitta a Isra'ila, kuma mahaifinta Yosef Goldschmidt, memba na Knesset kuma Mataimakin Minista wanda ke wakiltar Jam'iyyar Addini ta Kasa. == Ayyukan ilimi == A shekara ta 2001, Ben-Menahem ya kafa Jarida ''Aleph: Nazarin Tarihi a Kimiyya da Yahudanci'' . Ta yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan na Cibiyar Edelstein don Tarihi da Falsafar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Magunguna a Jami'ar Ibrananci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Edelstein Center |url=https://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/english/collections/humanities/edelstein/pages/the-edelstein-center.aspx |access-date=28 April 2020 |website=web.nli.org.il |language=en-US}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2006, ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Ilimi na Einstein Papers Project . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Committee – Einstein Papers Project at Caltech |url=https://www.einstein.caltech.edu/who/committee.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115110454/https://www.einstein.caltech.edu/who/committee.html |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=28 April 2020 |website=www.einstein.caltech.edu}}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2023}} A shekara ta 2007, ta shirya baje kolin Newton's Secrets a National Library of Israel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Sean |date=11 October 2017 |title=Sir Isaac Newton predicted when the end of the world will come and we don't have long left |url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/weird/864648/end-of-the-world-apocalypse-isaac-newton-2060-book-of-daniel |access-date=1 May 2020 |website=Express.co.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Newton's secrets: curators, Yemima Ben-Menahem, Mordechai Feingold, Stephen Snobelen. |url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002585471/NLI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804004225/https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002585471/NLI |archive-date=4 August 2021 |access-date=1 May 2020 |website=The Jewish National and University Library, Jerusalem |language=he |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ben-Menahem ya ba da takardu da yawa da littafi ga al'ada, matsayin da [[Henri Poincaré]] ya fara bayyanawa a cikin mahallin lissafi. A cewar masu al'ada, yawancin maganganun da muke ɗauka don bayyana gaskiyar gaskiya, a zahiri tarurruka ne a ɓoye, waɗanda aka samo daga ma'anoni ko yanke shawara na hanya waɗanda ba a tilasta mana ta hanyar tunani, lissafi, ko gaskiyar kwarewa, kuma game da abin da muke da hankali. Ben-Menahem ya karanta kimiyya da falsafar karni na ashirin daga hangen nesa na tasirin al'ada a waɗannan fannoni. A cewarta, tasirin al'ada, ya bayyana a cikin falsafar tunani da lissafi, ka'idar dangantaka, da rubuce-rubucen manyan masana falsafa na karni na ashirin ciki har da [[Rudolf Carnap|Carnap]], Wittgenstein, Putnam, da Quine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Leng |first=M. |date=October 2009 |title=Conventionalism, by Yemima Ben-Menahem. |journal=Mind |volume=118 |issue=472 |pages=1111–1115 |doi=10.1093/mind/fzp113}}</ref> Ben-Menahem ya rubuta game da Jorge Luis Borges, Donald Davidson, Michel Foucault, William James, Emil Meyerson, [[Henri Poincaré]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yemima Ben-Menahem {{!}} The Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Academia.edu |url=https://shamash.academia.edu/YemimaBenMenahem |access-date=11 June 2020 |website=shamash.academia.edu}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == A cikin 2022, Ben-Menachem ya lashe Kyautar Isra'ila don nazarin falsafar da kimiyyar addini. == Ayyukan da aka buga == * Kundin Tsarin Mulki (Cambridge University Press, 2006) * ''Dalili a Kimiyya'' (Princeton University Press, 2018) === Littattafan da aka gyara === * ''Hilary Putnam'' (Cambridge University Press, 2005) * ''Mai yiwuwa a cikin Physics'' (tare da Meir Hemmo) (Springer, 2012) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5qc36u66b3ruuggz6ra924owlz66v5m 0 143916 823943 805441 2026-04-22T05:01:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yonina Chana Eldar''' (Ibraniyawa: יונינה חנה אלדר; <nowiki><i id="mwFw">An haife ta</i></nowiki> ne a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1973) farfesa ce ta Isra'ila-Amurka da aka haifa a Kanada a fannin injiniyan lantarki a Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas, [[Boston]] da aka sani da aikinta na farko a kan samfurori na Nyquist <ref name="kiyo">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=IEEE Kiyo Tomiyasu Award Recipients |url=https://www.ieee.org/about/awards/bios/tomiyasu-recipients.html#2016---yonina-eldar |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019164223/https://www.ieee.org/about/awards/bios/tomiyasu-recipients.html#2016---yonina-eldar |archive-date=19 October 2018 |publisher=[[IEEE]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=IEEE Signal Processing Society Technical Achievement Award |url=https://signalprocessingsociety.org/uploads/awards/Technical_Achievement.pdf |publisher=[[IEEE]] }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Technion breakthrough could change sampling technology forever |url=https://ats.org/news/technion-breakthrough-could-change-sampling-technology-forever/ |publisher=American Technion Society}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Eldar a [[Toronto]], Kanada . Ita ce 'yar ta uku ta Rabbi Meyer da Vicky Berglas . Ta koma tare da iyalinta zuwa Isra'ila a shekarar 1979. Ta sami B.Sc. digiri a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da injiniyan lantarki duka daga Jami'ar Tel Aviv (TAU), Isra'ila, a cikin 1995 da 1996, bi da bi.<ref name="cv">{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Yonina Eldar's CV |url=https://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~yonina/YoninaEldar/fullcv.html |publisher=Weizmann Institute of Science}}</ref> An karɓi digiri na Ph.D. a cikin injiniyan lantarki da kimiyyar kwamfuta daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, a cikin 2002. Eldar ya rubuta rubutun Quantum Signal Processing a karkashin kulawar Alan V. Oppenheim . [1] An kammala bincikenta na postdoctoral a 2002 a Digital Signal Processing Group a MIT.[2] == Ayyuka == Eldar ya koma Isra'ila a shekara ta 2002 kuma ya zama babban malami a Sashen Injiniyan Lantarki a Technion, Haifa . A shekara ta 2005 ta zama mataimakiyar farfesa a wannan sashen, kuma a shekara ta 2010, cikakken farfesa, tana riƙe da kujerar Edwards a Injiniya.<ref name="cv"/> Eldar memba ne na Kwalejin Kimiyya da Humanities ta Isra'ila, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Members |url=https://www.academy.ac.il/Index2/Entry.aspx?nodeId=809&entryId=20338 |publisher=the [[Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities]]}}</ref> IEEE Fellow <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=IEEE Fellows Directory |url=https://services27.ieee.org/fellowsdirectory/getdetailprofile.html?custNum=xM7SL2SwZnbH5xba8NjF%2Bw%3D%3D&bccaptions=Alphabetical%20Listing%20&bclocations=%2Ffellowsdirectory%2Fhome.html |publisher=IEEE}}</ref> da kuma EURASIP Fellow. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=EURASIP Fellows |url=https://www.eurasip.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=76:eurasip-fellows&catid=2&Itemid=1083 |publisher=EURASIP}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Binciken da take so ya haɗa da hanyoyin samfurori da ƙirar A / D, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, ganowa da ka'idar kimantawa, ingantawa don sarrafa sigina, hotunan likita, sarrafa sigina da ingantawa don Tsarin sadarwa, sarrafa siginar da hoto don gani, zurfin ilmantarwa da zane-zane, ilmin halitta na lissafi.<ref name="cv"/> Bayan karbar lambar yabo ta IEEE Kiyo Tomiyasu (2016), kwamitin bayar da kyautar ya bayyana aikinta na bincike da tasirinsa: == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 00bngmasucq7nll6aaki1bcoqydbv69 0 144844 823907 808090 2026-04-22T03:00:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yaƙin Iran na 2026''' wani rikici ne na soja da ya fara a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2026 bayan da [[Isra'ila]] tare da goyon bayan [[Amurka]] suka kai hare-haren sama kan wurare da dama a [[Iran]]. Hare-haren sun shafi cibiyoyin gwamnati, wuraren soja da kuma wasu cibiyoyin binciken nukiliya. Wannan rikici ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da soja a yankin [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] a shekarar 2026. Bayan harin farko, Iran ta mayar da martani ta hanyar harba makamai masu linzami da kuma jiragen yaƙi marasa matuƙa (''drones'') zuwa wurare da dama a [[Isra'ila]] da kuma wasu sansanonin sojan Amurka a yankin. Rikicin ya kuma shafi wasu ƙasashen yankin kamar [[Kuwait]], [[Qatar]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]], [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|United Arab Emirates]] da [[Jordan]]. Yaƙin ya haifar da damuwa a duniya saboda tasirinsa ga tsaron yankin da kuma tattalin arzikin duniya, musamman ma saboda muhimmancin hanyar jiragen ruwa ta [[Mashigar Hormuz|Strait of Hormuz]] wajen jigilar man fetur.<ref><nowiki>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/6/23/history-of-us-iran-relations-from-the-1953-regime-change-to-trump-strikes</nowiki></ref> == Tarihi da dalilan rikicin == [[File:Iran protest 2026.jpg|thumb|300px|Wasu daga cikin zanga-zangar siyasa a Iran a shekarar 2026.]] Dangantaka tsakanin [[Iran]] da [[Isra'ila]] ta daɗe tana cikin takaddama, musamman saboda batun shirin nukiliyar Iran da kuma rikice-rikicen siyasa a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya. [[Amurka]] kuma ta dade tana goyon bayan Isra'ila a irin waɗannan rikice-rikice. A cikin shekarun baya kafin 2026, an samu wasu hare-hare da takaddama tsakanin bangarorin biyu. Har ila yau Iran ta fuskanci matsalolin siyasa a cikin gida, ciki har da zanga-zangar jama'a kan matsalar tattalin arziki, hauhawar farashi da kuma takunkumin ƙasashen waje. A shekarar 2025 an samu wani rikici tsakanin Iran da Isra'ila wanda ya ƙara tsananta dangantaka tsakanin bangarorin biyu. Wannan yanayi ya haifar da ƙarin tashin hankali a yankin.<ref name="Al-Jazeera-English-2026" /><ref name="Namibia-Press-Agency-2026">{{cite web |date=2 March 2026 |title=Beirut, Lebanon, March 2, 2026 (AFP) – Hezbollah says attack on Israel was 'defensive act' |url=https://www.nampa.org/text/22875145 |access-date=5 March 2026 |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |website=Namibia Press Agency }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="United-Press-International-2026">{{cite web |date=5 March 2026 |title=Hezbollah leader: Resumed fighting with Israel not linked to war on Iran |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2026/03/04/lebanon-hezbollah-leader-israel-aggression/6851772658355/ |website=[[United Press International]]}}</ref> == Farkon yaƙin == A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2026 an kai hare-haren sama kan wasu muhimman wurare a Iran. Hare-haren sun shafi birane kamar: * [[Tehran]] * [[Isfahan]] * [[Qom]] * [[Karaj]] * [[Kermanshah]] Rahotanni sun nuna cewa hare-haren sun lalata wasu cibiyoyin soja da na gwamnati. Bayan haka Iran ta mayar da martani da harba makamai masu linzami da jiragen drone zuwa Isra'ila da kuma wasu sansanonin sojan Amurka da ke yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wasu daga cikin hare-haren sun shafi wuraren farar hula kamar gidaje, makarantu da kasuwanni, wanda ya jawo asarar rayuka da lalacewar dukiyoyi. == Yaɗuwar rikicin zuwa sauran ƙasashe == Rikicin bai tsaya tsakanin Iran da Isra'ila kawai ba, domin wasu ƙasashen yankin sun shiga cikin rikicin kai tsaye ko a kaikaice. {| class="wikitable" ! Ƙasa ! Nau'in hari ! Bayani |- | [[Kuwait]] | Makamai masu linzami | Hari kan sansanonin sojan Amurka |- | Daular Larabawa | Drones da missiles | Hare-hare kan biranen [[Dubai]] da [[Abu Dhabi]] |- | [[Oman]] | Drone | Hari kan wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | Drone | Hari kan wani filin jirgin sama |} Wasu rahotanni sun nuna cewa an harba daruruwan makamai masu linzami da drones a cikin kwanaki na farko na rikicin. == Asarar rayuka == Saboda rikicin yana ci gaba, ba a tabbatar da cikakken adadin mutanen da suka mutu ba. Duk da haka rahotanni sun nuna cewa mutane da dama sun rasa rayukansu yayin hare-haren. {{multiple image | perrow = 2 | total_width = 300 | image1 = Capt Cody Khork, Army Reserve, Iran War.jpg | image2 = Sgt. 1st Class Noah Tietjens, Army Reserve, Iran War.jpg | image3 = Sgt. Declan Coady, Army Reserve, Iran War.jpg | image4 = Sgt. 1st Class Nicole Amor, Army Reserve, Iran War.jpg | footer = Sojojin Amurka huɗu na farko da suka mutu a lokacin yaƙin. A jere daga sama hagu zuwa dama: Capt. Cody Khork, mai shekara 35, daga Winter Haven, Florida; Sgt. 1st Class Noah Tietjens, mai shekara 42, daga Bellevue, Nebraska; Sgt. 1st Class Nicole Amor, mai shekara 39, daga White Bear Lake, Minnesota; da Sgt. Declan Coady, mai shekara 20, daga West Des Moines, Iowa. }} {| class="wikitable" ! Bangare ! Bayani |- | Iran | Mutuwar fararen hula da wasu [[Jerin jami'an Iran da aka kashe a lokacin yakin Iran na 2026|jami'an gwamnati]] |- | Amurka | Wasu sojoji sun jikkata a hare-hare |- | Ƙasashen Gulf | Lalacewar gine-gine da jikkatar fararen hula |} Masu lura da al'amuran tsaro sun ce yawan asarar rayuka na iya ƙaruwa idan rikicin ya ci gaba. == Tasirin tattalin arziki == [[File:Hormuz map.png|thumb|Mashigar Hormuz Mai muhimmancin gaske a tattalin arziƙin duniya wadda aka rufe sakamakon yaƙin]] Rikicin ya haifar da babban tasiri ga tattalin arzikin duniya. Hanyar [[Strait of Hormuz]] tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin jigilar man fetur a duniya, kuma duk wani rikici a yankin yana iya kawo cikas ga kasuwancin mai. Daga cikin tasirin da aka gani akwai: * ƙaruwa a farashin man fetur a kasuwannin duniya * tangardar jigilar kaya a yankin Gulf * raguwar samar da mai daga wasu ƙasashe Masana tattalin arziki sun yi gargadin cewa rikicin zai iya haifar da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a wasu sassan duniya. == Martanin ƙasashen duniya == Rikicin ya jawo martani daga ƙasashe da ƙungiyoyin duniya. Wasu ƙasashe sun kira a tsagaita wuta domin kauce wa yaɗuwar rikicin zuwa wani babban yaƙi a yankin. Ƙungiyoyi da dama sun nuna damuwa game da: * mutuwar fararen hula * lalacewar gine-gine da kayayyakin more rayuwa * yiwuwar rikicin ya zama babban yaƙi a yankin Wasu ƙasashen Turai da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa sun yi kira ga bangarorin biyu su dawo kan teburin tattaunawa domin warware rikicin. == Asarar rayuka == Saboda rikicin yana ci gaba, ba a tabbatar da cikakken adadin mutanen da suka mutu ba. Duk da haka rahotanni sun nuna cewa mutane da dama sun rasa rayukansu yayin hare-haren. {| class="wikitable" ! Bangare ! Bayani |- | Iran | Mutuwar fararen hula da wasu jami'an gwamnati |- | Amurka | Wasu sojoji sun jikkata a hare-hare |- | Ƙasashen Gulf | Lalacewar gine-gine da jikkatar fararen hula |} Masu lura da al'amuran tsaro sun ce yawan asarar rayuka na iya ƙaruwa idan rikicin ya ci gaba. == Tasirin siyasa == Yaƙin ya kawo sauye-sauye a siyasar yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wasu ƙasashe sun fara ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar tsaro tsakaninsu domin kare kansu daga yiwuwar hare-hare. Wasu daga cikin tasirin siyasar sun haɗa da: * ƙaruwa a haɗin gwiwar tsaro tsakanin ƙasashen Gulf * ƙarin takaddama tsakanin Iran da ƙasashen yamma * yiwuwar sauye-sauyen siyasa a cikin Iran Masana siyasa sun yi gargadin cewa idan ba a samu mafita ta diplomasiyya ba, rikicin na iya jawo sabon yanayin rikici a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya. == Manazarta == seh0lindr1xd8ag09ilo3juvygv7bet 0 144886 823904 808015 2026-04-22T02:01:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yasmine Salah El-Din Fouad Abdel Aziz''' 'yar siyasa ce ta Masar wacce ta kasance sakatariya mai kula da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don Yaƙi da Hamada (UNCCD) tun daga shekarar 2025.<ref>[https://press.un.org/en/2025/sga2353.doc.htm Secretary-General Appoints Yasmine Fouad of Egypt Executive Secretary of United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification] [[United Nations]], press release of 22 May 2025.</ref> A da ta kasance Ministar Muhalli a ma'aikatar Mostafa Madbouly daga shekarun 2018 zuwa 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Environment - EEAA > About Us > About Ministry > Minister |url=https://www.eeaa.gov.eg/en-us/aboutus/aboutministry/minister.aspx |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=www.eeaa.gov.eg}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-14 |title=الحكومة الجديدة.. السيرة الذاتية لياسمين فؤاد وزيرة البيئة |url=https://www.albawabhnews.com/3147093 |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=www.albawabhnews.com |archive-date=2023-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105151549/https://www.albawabhnews.com/3147093 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Fouad tana da digirin digirgir a fannin nazarin Turai da Bahar Rum daga [[Jami'ar Alkahira]] da kuma digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar muhalli daga [[Jami'ar Ain Shams]].<ref>[https://press.un.org/en/2025/sga2353.doc.htm Secretary-General Appoints Yasmine Fouad of Egypt Executive Secretary of United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification] [[United Nations]], press release of 22 May 2025.</ref> == Aikin siyasa == A lokacin da take minista, Fouad ta jagoranci kwamitin gudanarwa na Shirin Tsarin Haɗin Gwiwa na Yankin [[Sabon Haɗin gwiwa don Ci gaban Afirka]] (NEPAD) wanda ya haɗa da gudanar da ƙasa nai ɗorewa, hamada, bambancin halittu da daidaitawa ga sauyin yanayi bisa tsarin halittu.<ref>[https://press.un.org/en/2025/sga2353.doc.htm Secretary-General Appoints Yasmine Fouad of Egypt Executive Secretary of United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification] [[United Nations]], press release of 22 May 2025.</ref> Fouad ta jagoranci taron ɓangarorin da suka shiga yarjejeniyar bambancin halittu (2018–2021) da kuma [[Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2022|taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 2022]] a Sharm el-Sheikh (2021–2022).<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=16 January 2022 |title=Egypt's Environment Minister discusses preparations for COP27 Climate Conference |work=Egypt Independent |location= |url=https://egyptindependent.com/egypts-environment-minister-discusses-preparations-for-cop27-climate-conference/ |access-date=18 April 2022}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] bu23zdayq991c94obshqa751rlk6z4y 0 145961 823909 811237 2026-04-22T03:47:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yevgeny Alekseyevich Bokaryov''' (Russian; 25 Fabrairu [ 12 Fabrairu] - 11 Maris 1971) [[ilimin harsuna|masanin harshe]] ne na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet]] wanda aka sani da sauran abubuwa saboda aikinsa a kan harsunan Arewa maso gabashin Caucasian da ayyukansa na [[Interlinguistics]]; ya kasance memba na [[Akademio de Esperanto|Kwalejin Esperanto]]. An haifi Bokaryov a ƙauyen [[Sredniy Yegorlyk]], wanda a lokacin yana cikin Gwamnatin Stavropol a Daular Rasha (yanzu a cikin Gundumar Tselinsky, Rasha). Bayan ya yi hijira zuwa Temir-Khan-Shura tare da iyalinsa a lokacin shekarunsa na farko, ya koma Sredniy Yegorlyk bayan Juyin Juya Halin Fabrairu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Институт лингвистических исследований. Бокарев Евгений Алексеевич. |url=http://iling.spb.ru/pdf/liudi/bokarev.html |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=iling.spb.ru |archive-date=1 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301165754/http://iling.spb.ru/pdf/liudi/bokarev.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1971]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1904]] q6nbrp0nt6r9aho8k2fy69iaed1me0j 0 147266 823871 817052 2026-04-21T23:46:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yaphett El-Amin''' (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Maris, 1971) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar Amurka wadda har zuwa shekarar 2006, ta wakilci wani yanki na [[St. Louis]] a Majalisar Wakilai ta Missouri . 'Yar Democrat ce. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == El-Amin 'yar asalin [[St. Louis]] ce. Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar Arkansas, Pine Bluff, tare da digiri na uku a [[Kimiyyar siyasa|fannin kimiyyar siyasa]], kuma tana karatun digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da harkokin gwamnati a Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois, Edwardsville . == Sana'a == === Matsayin siyasa === El-Amin, wacce Ba’amurke Ba’amurke ce, ta shiga siyasa a shekarar 1997, lokacin da ta zama ‘yar Kwamitin Jam’iyyar Democrat a Mazabar 1. A shekarar 2002, ta yi nasara a takarar neman takarar Jam’iyyar Democrat a Wakilin Jiha a Gundumar 57 [http://www.sos.mo.gov/enrweb/raceresults.asp?eid=78&oid=22722&arc=1] . An zabe ta ba tare da adawa ba a babban zaben [http://www.sos.mo.gov/enrweb/raceresults.asp?eid=87&oid=24613&arc=1] kuma an sake zabenta ba tare da adawa ba a shekarar 2004 [http://www.sos.mo.gov/enrweb/raceresults.asp?eid=116&oid=29344&arc=1] [http://www.sos.mo.gov/enrweb/raceresults.asp?eid=131&oid=32886&arc=1] . A shekara ta 2006, El-Amin ba ta yi nasara ba wajen maye gurbin Pat Dougherty a Majalisar Dattawan Jihar Missouri . Ta zo ta biyu a zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat mai cike da takaddama bayan malamin kimiyyar siyasa Jeff Smith . [http://www.sos.mo.gov/enrweb/raceresults.asp?eid=173&oid=39286&arc=] Sauran 'yan takarar da ke takarar sun hada da wakilin jihar Amber Boykins, tsohon wakilin jihar Derio Gambaro, da kuma tsohon wakilin St. Louis Alderman [[Kenny Jones (politician)|Kenny Jones]] [https://www.stltoday.com/blogs/news-politicalfix/2006/02/filing-day-surprise-jones-jumps-into-fourth/]{{Dead link|date=January 2026}} . Mijinta [[Talibdan (TD) El-Amin]] ya lashe zaɓen fidda gwani mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce don zama ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Democrat don maye gurbin matarsa a Majalisar Wakilai ta Missouri . [http://www.sos.mo.gov/enrweb/raceresults.asp?eid=173&oid=39178&arc=] An zaɓe shi ba tare da wata hamayya ba a babban zaɓen 2006. [http://www.sos.mo.gov/enrweb/raceresults.asp?eid=189&oid=43180&arc=1] === Ci gaba === A shekarar 2008, El-Amin ta zama Babban Darakta na Cibiyar Taimakawa Gine-gine da 'Yan Kwangila ta MOKAN, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta wadda tun daga shekarar 1974 ta kasance muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi tsakanin kamfanonin tsiraru da na mata da kuma al'ummar gine-gine gaba ɗaya. El-Amin ta kasance a sahun gaba a cikin batutuwan da suka shafi kare haƙƙin jama'a a cikin Al'ummar St. Louis tsawon shekaru da yawa. Ta kafa Cibiyar Ilimi ta MOKAN, wata cibiyar horarwa da aka amince da ita a Jihar Missouri wadda tun daga shekarar 2015, ke horar da kuma yaye ɗaruruwan tsiraru da mata zuwa ga damar koyon aikin gini a yankin St. Louis. El-Amin ita ce Shugabar Efficacy Consulting and Development, wani kamfani mai zaman kansa da ta kafa a shekarar 2007, wanda ya ƙware wajen samar da ayyukan ba da shawara kan bambancin ra'ayi da kuma haɓaka gidaje. A matsayinta na babbar mai ba da shawara kan bambancin ra'ayi El-Amin ta yi aiki tare da ƙungiyoyi da dama na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu don cimma burinsu da manufofinsu na bambancin ra'ayi. Bayan ta yi aiki tare da Hukumar Gidaje da Ci Gaban Missouri (MHDC) a shekarar 2011, don kafa ƙarin shirye-shiryen haɗa kasuwanci, ta faɗaɗa mayar da hankali kan Efficacy don ƙara daidaita al'ummomi ta hanyar faɗaɗa haɓaka gidaje masu araha ta hanyar ƙirƙirar shirinsu na Tsarin Kasuwanci Mai tasowa wanda aka tsara don ƙara yawan masu haɓaka ƙananan kamfanoni da kasuwanci a cikin Jihar Missouri. A shekarar 2015, El-Amin ta kammala aikin Village at Delmar Place Development tare da haɗin gwiwar RISE wata ƙungiya mai araha ta haɓaka gidaje masu zaman kansu da ke St. Louis Missouri. Tare suka gina wani gida mai gidaje 40 na LIHTC da kuma gidaje masu lambu a cikin Visitation Unguwa. Ta faɗaɗa hangen nesanta na ƙara daidaita sauran al'ummomin da ba su da galihu a St. Louis tare da aikin Finney Place, gidaje 40 na iyali ɗaya, sai kuma gidajen tsofaffi na Scott Manor, wani babban wurin aiki mai ɗakuna 42 tare da wuraren kasuwanci da taron al'umma tare da haɗin gwiwar Mujallar Believer's Temple da ke Gundumar St. Louis. A shekarar 2018, El-Amin ya faɗaɗa tasirin Efficacy zuwa jihar Illinois ta hanyar gyaran Otal ɗin Broadview mai tarihi da ke tsakiyar birnin East St. Louis, wanda za a mayar da shi New Broadview, wani wurin tsofaffi mai amfani da gauraye wanda zai ƙunshi manyan gidaje 110 da kuma sama da murabba'in ƙafa 25,000 na sararin kasuwanci na al'umma wanda zai fara sake ginawa a shekarar 2020. El-Amin yana da niyyar ci gaba da ginawa a kan manufar Efficacy na yin aiki tare da al'ummomin da ba su da galihu don gano matsaloli, ƙirƙirar mafita masu tasiri, da haɓaka unguwanni ɗaya bayan ɗaya. * [http://www.mokanccac.org] * [http://www.slefi.com] haɓaka gidaje-Scott Manor * [http://www.mokanccac.org] * [http://www.urbanstl.com] zaren Finney Place Unguwa ta Vandeventer * [https://www.kmov.com/news] ci gaban bincike a arewacin Delmar Boulevard yana ƙarfafa wa mazauna St. Louis gwiwa * [http://www.stlamerican.com/local/news] bincike Gine-ginen gidaje sun fara aiki a unguwar Vandeventer, Yaphett El-Amin ta haɗu da Fulson Housing da ke Kansas City a Finney Place * [http://www.mhdc.com] * http://www.efficacycd.com == Nassoshi == <references /> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.house.mo.gov/bills053/member/bio057.htm Shafin Wakilin El-Amin a Gidan Missouri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824204704/http://www.house.mo.gov/bills053/member/bio057.htm |date=2006-08-24 }} Archived * [http://www.beliefnet.com/story/111/story_11135_1.html Labari game da Wakilin Majalisar Wakilai El-Amin] daga St. Louis Bayan An Kawo Musu Rahoto * [http://publicbroadcasting.net/kwmu/news.newsmain?action=article&ARTICLE_ID=950399&sectionID=794 Jagorar zaɓen KWMU ta 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926224655/http://publicbroadcasting.net/kwmu/news.newsmain?action=article&ARTICLE_ID=950399&sectionID=794 |date=2007-09-26 }} Archived [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] c922hlm01qg5vihtwjjdp5aa36nhrut 0 147324 823971 817164 2026-04-22T06:07:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mildred June Benson''' (née Tomkins), wacce aka fi sani da '''June Benson''' (1915–1981), ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari a [[Oklahoma|Jihar Oklahoma ta]] Amurka lokacin da kwamishinonin birni suka zaɓe ta a matsayin magajin gari na Norman a 1957. <ref name="uol">{{Cite web |title=June Benson Collection |url=https://libraries.ou.edu/locations/docs/westhist/pdf/BensonJune.pdf |access-date=July 31, 2016 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Libraries }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="nt">{{Cite web |last=Cole, Carol L. |date=24 July 2007 |title=First female mayor remembered as statesman |url=http://www.normantranscript.com/news/local_news/first-female-mayor-remembered-as-statesman/article_e48923b8-0aae-54db-acec-edd0e6bae5f5.html |access-date=July 31, 2016 |publisher=The Norman Transcript |language=}}</ref> An shigar da Benson cikin [[Gidan shahararrun Mata na Oklahoma|Zauren Shahararrun Mata na Oklahoma]] a 1985, godiya ga gudummawar da ta bayar kan haƙƙin zaɓe da [[Kare Muhalli|kare muhalli]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame Inductees by Year |url=http://www.library.okstate.edu/oralhistory/digital/oklahoma-women%E2%80%99s-hall-of-fame/inductees |access-date=July 31, 2016 |publisher=Oklahoma State Library |archive-date=December 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227112419/http://www.library.okstate.edu/oralhistory/digital/oklahoma-women%E2%80%99s-hall-of-fame/inductees |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Mildred June Tompkins a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1915, a Granite, Oklahoma, 'yar ɗan majalisar dokoki ta Oklahoma Elmer O. Tompkins da matarsa, Bessie Stovall. Ta girma a McAlester inda ta halarci makarantun gwamnati kafin ta karanci tarihi da gwamnati a Jami'ar Oklahoma, ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1947. <ref name="uol"/> Ta auri farfesa Oliver Earl Benson mai bincike kan siyasa a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1940 a Guthrie, Oklahoma . A shekarar 1954, ta sami digirin MA a fannin kimiyyar siyasa tare da takardar digiri kan gyaran dokokin zaɓe. == Sana'a == A shekarar 1952, Benson ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a Hukumar Birnin Norman. A ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1957, an zaɓe ta magajin garin Norman a matsayin "Mrs. Oliver Benson". Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, a ranar 26 ga Mayu ta shaida yadda Gwamna Raymond Gary ya sanya hannu kan kudirin kafa tsarin yin rijistar masu zaɓe na tsakiyar gundumar. An san shi da Dokar Gyaran Zaɓen Oklahoma, ta haɗa da matakan yin rikodin sa hannun masu zaɓe da kuma cire sunayen waɗanda suka mutu ko suka ƙaura lokaci-lokaci. Dokar ta nuna amincewa da shawarwarin da ta gabatar a cikin takardar digirin jami'arta kan ''Ayyukan Zaɓe a Oklahoma'' . <ref name="nt"/> Daga cikin nasarorin da ta samu a lokacin da take magajin gari akwai ci gaba a fannin rage hayaniya, tattara man sharar gida da kuma ingancin ruwa. Ta kuma fara nada manajojin birni da aka horar. Bayan wa'adinta na magajin gari, ta bayar da gudummawa sosai ga Common Cause, Oklahoma Municipal League (a matsayin darakta), League of Women Voters (shugaban Oklahoma) da kuma shirin bayar da tallafin ci gaban al'umma (shugaba). Ta kuma yi aiki sau takwas a matsayin shugabar Hukumar Ba da Shawara kan Kula da Muhalli ta Norman. A shekarar 1979, an nada ta shugabar Hukumar Kula da Gurɓataccen Iska ta Jihar Oklahoma kuma a shekarar 1980 aka nada ta a matsayin mai kare muhalli na Oklahoma na Shekara. <ref name="nt"/> == Iyali da gado == Benson da mijinta suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Megan Benson da John Michael Benson. Ta mutu a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1981. An sanya wa Norman June Benson Park suna bayanta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cannon, Jane Glenn |date=December 5, 2015 |title=Norman Notes: Mayor announces she won't seek fourth term |url=http://newsok.com/article/5464773l |access-date=August 1, 2016 |publisher=NewsOK}}</ref> Tarin June Benson da Laburare na Jami'ar Oklahoma ke riƙe da shi ya ƙunshi wasiƙu, rahotannin birni, mintuna na hukumomin birnin da takardu masu alaƙa. <ref name="uol"/> == Matsayi a tarihin mata == A matsayinta na mace ta farko da ta zama magajin gari a Oklahoma, Benson za a iya lissafa ta tare da Alice Mary Robertson, mace ta farko daga jihar da ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka, Jessie Thatcher Bost, mace ta farko da ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Noma da Injina ta Oklahoma, da kuma Alma Wilson, mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a Kotun Koli ta Oklahoma . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1981]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1915]] ouxo8la0gjhydp2ldw4dd0cr3tfkuty 0 147601 823900 818655 2026-04-22T01:43:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 823900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yaroslav Yosypovych Hrytsak''' (Ukrainian; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1960) masanin tarihin Ukraine ne, Dokta na Kimiyya na Tarihi kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Katolika ta Ukraine . Shi ne kuma darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Tarihi ta Jami'ar Ivan Franko ta Lviv. == Ilimi == An haifi Hrytsak a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1960 a ƙauyen [[:uk:Довге (Стрийський район)|Dovhe]], wanda a lokacin yana cikin ƙungiyar SSR ta Ukraine a [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]]. Ya sami digirinsa na PhD a shekarar 1987 a Jami'ar Lviv . Hrytsak ya wuce izininsa a shekarar 1996. Ya kasance darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Tarihi, a Jami'ar Ivan Franko ta Lviv tun 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yaroslav Hrytsak |url=http://www.timeandspace.lviv.ua/index.php?module=users&id=21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222056/http://www.timeandspace.lviv.ua/index.php?module=users&id=21 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2014-06-10 |publisher=timeandspace.lviv.ua}}</ref> A shekara ta 1998 ya lashe lambar yabo ta "Przegląd Wschodni" don littafin kasashen waje mafi kyau a Gabashin Turai. Don littafinsa game da [[Ivan Franko]] ya lashe Kyautar Antonovych don Ayyukan Ilimi da "Littafi Mafi Kyawu a Ukraine" daga babbar mujallar Ukrainian Кореспондент da Jerzy Giedroyc Award (wanda Jami'ar Maria Curie-Skłodowska ta kafa) a cikin 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lecture by Professor Yaroslav HRYTSAK: "A Report from the Eastern Front: Ukraine as a Conundrum for Europe" |url=https://www.coleurope.eu/pl/node/15030/ |publisher=College of Europe }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagroda im. Jerzego Giedroycia trafiła do prof. Jarosława Hrycaka |url=http://centrum.fm/nagroda-im-jerzego-giedroycia-trafila-do-prof-jaroslawa-hrycaka/}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Shi ne babban editan mujallar ilimi "Ukraine Modern" kuma memba ne na kwamitin edita na mujallu Ab Imperio, Critique, da Slavic Review, kuma memba ne ya kwamitin kula da Harvard Ukrainian Studies. Shi farfesa ne mai daraja na Jami'ar Kasa ta Kyiv-Mohyla Academy . Ya kasance farfesa baƙo (1996-2009) a Jami'ar Turai ta Tsakiya a [[Budapest]] kuma ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na farko (1999-2005) na Ƙungiyar Ukrainians ta Duniya . Tun daga shekara ta 2015 ya kasance memba na Hukumar Gasar, wanda aka tsara musamman don zaɓar da zabar 'yan takara don matsayin Darakta na Ofishin Yaki da Cin Hanci da rashawa na Ukraine (NABU). == Ra'ayoyi == Ya kuma kasance co-shugaban Hukumar Tarihin Jamus-Ukraine. Koyaya, a watan Oktoba na 2019, Jakadan Ukraine a Jamus, Andriy Melnyk ya zargi Hrytsak da hukumar yin shiru da rashin sadarwa game da muhawara a cikin Bundestag na Jamus game da amincewa da Holodomor a matsayin kisan kare dangi. A mayar da martani, Hrytsak ya ki amincewa da zargin Melnyk a bainar jama'a, yana mai cewa bai taba ki amincewa le Melnyk ba, kuma ya tabbatar da cewa kowane memba na Ukraine na hukumar, gami da kansa, ya yi imanin Holodomor kisan kare dangi ne amma mambobin hukumar na Jamus suna da damuwa game da amfani da kalmar kisan kare kare dangi. A cikin ƙarin tambayoyin da ''Deutsche Welle'', Hrytsak ya bayyana a fili gardamar ma'aikatar harkokin waje ta Jamus cewa ba za a iya la'akari da Holodomor a matsayin kisan kare dangi ba kuma ya kira gardamarsu "marasa ma'ana". Tun lokacin da aka fara mamayewar Rasha ta 2022 a Ukraine, ya yi jayayya cewa ba za a iya tattauna zaman lafiya ba tare da Ukraine ba, kuma dole ne Ukrainians su ƙi duk wata yarjejeniyar Amurka da Rasha da ta ware Ukraine. Ya tsara yakin a matsayin "yaƙin raguwa", kuma ya jaddada cewa mafi mahimmancin yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya yana buƙatar zama tabbaci ga tsaron Ukraine.<ref name="k" /> == Littattafai == * ''Ruhun da ke motsawa zuwa yaƙi...'' Hoton siyasa na Ivan Franko (1856-1916) (Lviv, 1990, a cikin Ukrainian) * Rubuce-rubuce a Tarihin Ukrainian: Yin Al'ummar Ukrainian ta zamani (Kyiv, 1996, a cikin Ukrainian) (Fassarar Poland: Historia Ukrainy 1772-1999. Narodziny nowoczesnego narodu) * Ukraine: The Forging of a Nation, 2022 (Fassarar Turanci: 2023) == Dubi kuma == * Littafin hannu kan tarihin Ukraine * Jerin wallafe-wallafen Ukrainian da aka fassara zuwa Turanci == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] nmvorqhpws8fy0wsu7j21ehltwz3pvl 0 148189 823986 822055 2026-04-22T07:50:44Z SafariScribe 27230 copy edit 823986 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Naisula Josephine Lesuuda''' (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 1984), 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya kuma [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|Mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata]]. Ita memba ce ta Majalisar dokokin Kenya .{{Authority control}} == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Lesuuda a Samburu a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 1984, <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Naisula Lesuuda Biography and Profile |url=https://softkenya.com/kenya/naisula-lesuuda/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927012346/https://softkenya.com/kenya/naisula-lesuuda/ |archive-date=27 September 2017 |access-date=15 July 2017 |publisher=Soft Kenya}}</ref> ta farko cikin yara uku da aka haifa ga wani Bishop na Anglican da kuma wata 'yar kasuwa. <ref name="exposed">{{Cite web |date=17 March 2017 |title=EXPOSED: LEAKED SEXY WHATSAPP Chat Between Hon Murkomen and Senator Naisula Lesuuda |url=https://www.kenya-today.com/entertainment/exposed-leaked-sexy-whatsapp-chat-hon-murkomen-senator-naisula-lesuuda |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Kenya Today}}</ref> Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Daystar tare da digiri a fannin sadarwa da ci gaban al'umma.<ref name="bio" /><ref name="exposed" /><ref name="standard">{{Cite web |last=Keberenge |first=Kenfrey |date=13 May 2012 |title=Her cause captured Kibaki's eye |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000058109/her-cause-captured-kibaki-s-eye |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Standard}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Lesuuda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Kenya, gami da karbar bakuncin ''Good Morning Kenya'' . <ref name="20young">{{Cite web |last=Nsehe |first=Mfonobong |date=4 December 2014 |title=The 20 Youngest Power Women In Africa 2014 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2014/12/04/the-20-youngest-power-women-in-africa-2014/2/#282437955895 |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Forbes}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009, bayan an kashe mutane goma a cikin satar shanu a Laikipia, ta zama memba mai kafa Laikipia Peace Caravan.<ref name="standard">{{Cite web |last=Keberenge |first=Kenfrey |date=13 May 2012 |title=Her cause captured Kibaki's eye |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000058109/her-cause-captured-kibaki-s-eye |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Standard}}</ref><ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Naisula Lesuuda Biography and Profile |url=https://softkenya.com/kenya/naisula-lesuuda/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927012346/https://softkenya.com/kenya/naisula-lesuuda/ |archive-date=27 September 2017 |access-date=15 July 2017 |publisher=Soft Kenya}}</ref> Wannan kuma ya haifar da kafa wasu kungiyoyin zaman lafiya na gida, da gwamnatin Kenya da USAid suka goyi bayan.<ref name="standard" /> A shekara ta 2010, aikinta tare da wannan kungiyar ya kai ta ga zama matashiyar mace ta Kenya da ta lashe lambar yabo ta shugaban kasa ta Grand Warrior . <ref name="standard" /><ref name="konnect">{{Cite web |last=Nkem-Eneanya |first=Jennifer |date=27 May 2015 |title=Senator at 30: Kenya's Naisula Lesuuda is Breaking Boundaries and Advocating for the Girl-Child |url=http://www.konnectafrica.net/naisula-lesuuda/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017001834/http://www.konnectafrica.net/naisula-lesuuda/ |archive-date=17 October 2017 |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Konnect Africa}}</ref> A cikin 2013, Lesuuda ta bar aikinta don ta kafa Gidauniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Naisula Lesuuda wacce ke ba da shawara ga ilimin 'yan mata da kuma kawar da yankan mata da auren yara. <ref name="20young">{{Cite web |last=Nsehe |first=Mfonobong |date=4 December 2014 |title=The 20 Youngest Power Women In Africa 2014 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2014/12/04/the-20-youngest-power-women-in-africa-2014/2/#282437955895 |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Forbes}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaiyesimi |first=Adedoyin |date=26 January 2017 |title=Meet Naisula Lesuuda, the youngest female member of the Kenyan Senate at age 30! |url=http://leadingladiesafrica.org/site/2017/01/26/meet-naisula-lesuuda-youngest-female-member-kenyan-senate-age-30/ |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Leading Ladies Africa}}</ref><ref name="standard">{{Cite web |last=Keberenge |first=Kenfrey |date=13 May 2012 |title=Her cause captured Kibaki's eye |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000058109/her-cause-captured-kibaki-s-eye |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Standard}}</ref> Lesuuda ta shiga cikin yakin neman zabe na Shugaba Uhuru Kenyatta a shekarar 2013, <ref name="defect">{{Cite web |last=Mukere |first=Tony |date=13 March 2017 |title=Senator Naisula Lesuuda Defects from Jubilee to Kanu as she vies for Samburu West MP |url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/senator-naisula-lesuuda-defects-jubilee-kanu-she-vies-samburu-west-mp-17427 |access-date=15 July 2017 |publisher=Kenyas.co.ke}}</ref> sannan aka zaba ta a kan tikitin jam'iyyarsa ta TNA don wakiltar Gundumar Samburu a Majalisar Dattijai a shekarar 2013, ta zama mafi ƙanƙanta mata. <ref name="20young">{{Cite web |last=Nsehe |first=Mfonobong |date=4 December 2014 |title=The 20 Youngest Power Women In Africa 2014 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2014/12/04/the-20-youngest-power-women-in-africa-2014/2/#282437955895 |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Forbes}}</ref><ref name="nation">{{Cite web |last=Oruko |first=Ibrahim |last2=Rugene |first2=Njeri |date=29 June 2017 |title=Nominated women senators now seek various elective positions |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/Nominated-women-senators/1064-3991866-xypbkhz/index.html |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Daily Nation}}</ref> Daga nan aka zabe ta Mataimakin Shugaban Kungiyar Mata ta Kenya . [[Fayil:Onofiok_Luke_with_Kenyan_Amb_to_Somalia,_Khamati,_and_Kenyan_Senator_Lesuuda.jpg|right|thumb|Naisula Lesuuda (R) tare da [[Onofiok Luke|Onofiok Luka]], lauya kuma dan majalisa, kuma tare da Jakadan Kenya a Somalia, Yvonne Khamati (L), a ranar ƙarshe ta Kungiyar Matasan Afirka a [[Nairobi]] a shekarar 2014.]] A shekara ta 2016, ta sanar da cewa za ta bar Majalisar Dattijai don neman zabe a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta Samburu West, <ref name="ready">{{Cite web |last=Fundi |first=Martin |date=5 September 2016 |title=Senator Naisula 'ready to challenge men for MP in 2017' |url=http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2016/09/05/senator-naisula-ready-to-challenge-men-for-mp-in-2017_c1415187 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619075554/http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2016/09/05/senator-naisula-ready-to-challenge-men-for-mp-in-2017_c1415187 |archive-date=19 June 2017 |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=The Star}}</ref> sannan a shekarar 2017 ta sauya daga Jubilee zuwa jam'iyyar KANU.<ref name="ditch">{{Cite web |last=Mwangi |first=William |date=12 March 2017 |title=Senator Naisula Lesuuda ditches Jubilee for Kanu |url=http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017/03/12/senator-naisula-lesuuda-ditches-jubilee-for-kanu_c1523116 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718172434/http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017/03/12/senator-naisula-lesuuda-ditches-jubilee-for-kanu_c1523116 |archive-date=18 July 2017 |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=The Star}}</ref><ref name="defect">{{Cite web |last=Mukere |first=Tony |date=13 March 2017 |title=Senator Naisula Lesuuda Defects from Jubilee to Kanu as she vies for Samburu West MP |url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/senator-naisula-lesuuda-defects-jubilee-kanu-she-vies-samburu-west-mp-17427 |access-date=15 July 2017 |publisher=Kenyas.co.ke}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da tallafa wa Kenyatta.<ref name="nation">{{Cite web |last=Oruko |first=Ibrahim |last2=Rugene |first2=Njeri |date=29 June 2017 |title=Nominated women senators now seek various elective positions |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/Nominated-women-senators/1064-3991866-xypbkhz/index.html |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Daily Nation}}</ref> A zaben 2017, Lesuuda ta samu kuri'u 14,560, inda ta doke shugaba mai ci Jonathan Lelelit wanda ya samu kuri'u 13,970, [1] ta zama 'yar majalisa ta farko a mazabar Samburu ta yamma.[2][3]. Ta kasance daya daga cikin ’yan majalisar mata da yawa wadanda su ne mata tilo da aka zaba a yankinsu. Sauran sun hada da Mary Emaase a gundumar Busia, Mary Maingi a gundumar Kirinyaga da Mishi Mboko a Mombasa.[4] Lokacin da majalisa ta zauna a watan Agustan 2017, ta sanar da niyyar neman matsayin Mataimakin Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki, amma ta kasa gabatar da takardar neman zabe kafin zabe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vidija |first=Patrick |date=25 August 2017 |title=Lesuuda guns for Deputy Speaker seat as Parliament opens |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017/08/25/lesuuda-guns-for-deputy-speaker-seat-as-parliament-opens_c1623689 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831133134/https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017/08/25/lesuuda-guns-for-deputy-speaker-seat-as-parliament-opens_c1623689 |archive-date=31 August 2017 |access-date=31 August 2017 |website=The Star}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kabasa |first=Edward |date=29 August 2017 |title=Three cleared to vie for National Assembly speaker position |url=http://www.kbc.co.ke/local-news/three-cleared-vie-national-assembly-speaker-position/ |access-date=31 August 2017 |website=KBC}}</ref> An sake zabar ta a mazabar Samburu ta Yamma a Babban zaben 2022. == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * Shugaban kasa Order of the Grand Warrior don aikin jarida da ke nuna batutuwan zamantakewa da inganta zaman lafiya, 2010 <ref name="20young">{{Cite web |last=Nsehe |first=Mfonobong |date=4 December 2014 |title=The 20 Youngest Power Women In Africa 2014 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2014/12/04/the-20-youngest-power-women-in-africa-2014/2/#282437955895 |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Forbes}}</ref> <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Naisula Lesuuda Biography and Profile |url=https://softkenya.com/kenya/naisula-lesuuda/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927012346/https://softkenya.com/kenya/naisula-lesuuda/ |archive-date=27 September 2017 |access-date=15 July 2017 |publisher=Soft Kenya}}</ref> * Kyautar Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya don Kyakkyawan Kwararru, 2011 <ref name="20young" /> <ref name="peace" /> * Mafi kyawun masu cin nasara biyar na 2018 One Young World Awards .[https://www.oneyoungworld.com/news-item/john-major-announces-politician-year-award-winners-oyw2018 2018 kaddamar da One Young World Awards.] == [https://www.oneyoungworld.com/news-item/john-major-announces-politician-year-award-winners-oyw2018 Rayuwa ta mutum] == Lesuuda ta yi aure, kuma tana da 'ya'ya mata 2. ].<ref name="exposed">{{Cite web |date=17 March 2017 |title=EXPOSED: LEAKED SEXY WHATSAPP Chat Between Hon Murkomen and Senator Naisula Lesuuda |url=https://www.kenya-today.com/entertainment/exposed-leaked-sexy-whatsapp-chat-hon-murkomen-senator-naisula-lesuuda |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Kenya Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Karanja |first=Samuel |date=18 March 2017 |title=Kenyans EXPLODE after Murkomen-Lesuda love affair is exposed |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/234158-kenyans-explode-murkomen-lesuda-love-affair-exposed.html |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Tuko}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Majalisar dokoki ta 13 ta Kenya * Mata a Kenya * Hanifa Adan * [[Ida Odinga]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqEVlVxpZPs Naisula Lesuuda: Daga ɗan jarida zuwa Sanata] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e0j05oamyk9cqew097duequmfdby9ga 0 148284 824075 822661 2026-04-22T08:52:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 824075 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}} '''Mazuba Haanyama''' [[marubuci]] ce ta [[Afirka]] ta Kudu kuma gwani ne na manufofi wanda ke aiki a matsayin shugaban sashen kare hakkin dan adam da manufofin jama'a na Meta na Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Turkiyya. An kuma san ta da bayar da shawarwari kan [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|'Yancin mata]] da' yancin LGBT a duk faɗin [[Afirka]]. == Ayyuka == Haanyama ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen inganta ƙwarewar dijital da damar yin aiki ga matasa a [[Afirka]], gami da aikin da ya shafi yakin neman zabe na [[Google]]. <ref name="grow">{{Cite web |title=MAZUBA HAANYAMA |url=https://www.growmentoring.org/our-steering-committee |website=Grow Mentoring}}</ref> Ayyukanta suna mai da hankali kan manufofin dijital, tsaro na kan layi, da kuma samun damar fasaha. == Gudanarwa da shiga cikin jama'a == Ta ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawa game da ainihi, [[jinsi]], da wakilci, gami da rubuce-rubuce kan al'adun al'adu da ke shafar mata.<ref name="fw">{{Cite web |title=Untangling the Knots: Understanding the Hair Politics of Black Women (Revisited) |url=https://thefeministwire.com/2013/04/untangling-the-knots-understanding-the-hair-politics-of-black-women-revisited/ |website=Feminist Wire}}</ref> An kuma ambaci aikinta a cikin muhawara mai zurfi game da daidaitaccen abun ciki da dandamali na dijital.<ref name="js">{{Cite web |title=Facebook examines moderation policies after pressure over Palestine content |url=https://www.journalistsupport.net/article.php?id=378515 |website=Journalist Support}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] knyzt4hjzatewhmzczkqw676g7nn5s1 824076 824075 2026-04-22T08:52:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 824076 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}} '''Mazuba Haanyama''' [[marubuci]] ce ta [[Afirka]] ta Kudu kuma gwani ne na manufofi wanda ke aiki a matsayin shugaban sashen kare hakkin dan adam da manufofin jama'a na Meta na Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya da [[Turkiyya]]. An kuma san ta da bayar da shawarwari kan [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|'Yancin mata]] da' yancin LGBT a duk faɗin [[Afirka]]. == Ayyuka == Haanyama ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen inganta ƙwarewar dijital da damar yin aiki ga matasa a [[Afirka]], gami da aikin da ya shafi yakin neman zabe na [[Google]]. <ref name="grow">{{Cite web |title=MAZUBA HAANYAMA |url=https://www.growmentoring.org/our-steering-committee |website=Grow Mentoring}}</ref> Ayyukanta suna mai da hankali kan manufofin dijital, tsaro na kan layi, da kuma samun damar fasaha. == Gudanarwa da shiga cikin jama'a == Ta ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawa game da ainihi, [[jinsi]], da wakilci, gami da rubuce-rubuce kan al'adun al'adu da ke shafar mata.<ref name="fw">{{Cite web |title=Untangling the Knots: Understanding the Hair Politics of Black Women (Revisited) |url=https://thefeministwire.com/2013/04/untangling-the-knots-understanding-the-hair-politics-of-black-women-revisited/ |website=Feminist Wire}}</ref> An kuma ambaci aikinta a cikin muhawara mai zurfi game da daidaitaccen abun ciki da dandamali na dijital.<ref name="js">{{Cite web |title=Facebook examines moderation policies after pressure over Palestine content |url=https://www.journalistsupport.net/article.php?id=378515 |website=Journalist Support}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] m86ekvkewz1vcm1wu38fdhfmad390gv 824077 824076 2026-04-22T08:53:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 824077 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}} '''Mazuba Haanyama''' [[marubuci]] ce ta [[Afirka]] ta Kudu kuma gwani ne na manufofi wanda ke aiki a matsayin shugaban sashen kare hakkin dan adam da manufofin jama'a na Meta na Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya da [[Turkiyya]]. An kuma san ta da bayar da shawarwari kan [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|'Yancin mata]] da' yancin LGBT a duk faɗin [[Afirka]]. == Ayyuka == Haanyama ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen inganta ƙwarewar dijital da damar yin aiki ga matasa a [[Afirka]], gami da aikin da ya shafi yakin neman zabe na [[Google]]. <ref name="grow">{{Cite web |title=MAZUBA HAANYAMA |url=https://www.growmentoring.org/our-steering-committee |website=Grow Mentoring}}</ref> Ayyukanta suna mai da hankali kan manufofin dijital, tsaro na kan layi, da kuma samun damar fasaha. == Gudanarwa da shiga cikin jama'a == Ta ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawa game da ainihi, [[jinsi]], da wakilci, gami da rubuce-rubuce kan al'adun al'adu da ke shafar mata.<ref name="fw">{{Cite web |title=Untangling the Knots: Understanding the Hair Politics of Black Women (Revisited) |url=https://thefeministwire.com/2013/04/untangling-the-knots-understanding-the-hair-politics-of-black-women-revisited/ |website=Feminist Wire}}</ref> An kuma ambaci aikinta a cikin muhawara mai zurfi game da daidaitaccen abun ciki da dandamali na dijital.<ref name="js">{{Cite web |title=Facebook examines moderation policies after pressure over Palestine content |url=https://www.journalistsupport.net/article.php?id=378515 |website=Journalist Support}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 31scwmpyxlp1i3nqvol296m1pxy6dmo 3 148384 823638 2026-04-21T15:09:38Z Qədir 31490 Qədir moved page [[Tattaunawar user:가웨인]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Arçil xan Günəşsoylu]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/가웨인|가웨인]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Arçil xan Günəşsoylu|Arçil xan Günəşsoylu]]" 823638 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:Arçil xan Günəşsoylu]] 56fe325rvshe1xf57i4bztzjtatel4g 3 148385 823836 2026-04-21T21:23:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823836 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Erpagitheeditor! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Erpagitheeditor|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) rhkzl6fdkkkch9drdb8ev6qcnv6cey5 823870 823836 2026-04-21T23:39:24Z Erpagitheeditor 44207 /* Barka da zuwa! */ Mayarwa 823870 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Erpagitheeditor! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Erpagitheeditor|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) :Wa alaikumus salam, Hausa dina ana fassarawa, kuma na gode sosai da ka yarda da zuwana, kuma ban ma san Hausa na da Wikipedia ba. :Soyayya, Erpagitheedotor [[User:Erpagitheeditor|Erpagitheeditor]] ([[User talk:Erpagitheeditor|talk]]) 23:39, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) jd42d9kdoho3gh1j4o2yhv0psc5my33 3 148386 823837 2026-04-21T21:23:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823837 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Da Michl! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Da Michl|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 1fzcmrhhvf9j7g55x3ig3cwemlm8ond 3 148387 823838 2026-04-21T21:23:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823838 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tunyk! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tunyk|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 6swjpo3qhduyed8q7uzwf21p2wd1vmv 3 148388 823839 2026-04-21T21:23:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823839 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Aleks-ger! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Aleks-ger|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 67954bkf3jjcpy8esbjyb1yko5etghe 3 148389 823840 2026-04-21T21:23:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823840 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Philipnelson99! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Philipnelson99|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) nz1bv2adpnvoror1kc5esba6hbfte3p 3 148390 823841 2026-04-21T21:24:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823841 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, AKlapper (WMF)! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/AKlapper (WMF)|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) gxh0j8wlx8wttgg6261fwb6pvanripi 3 148391 823842 2026-04-21T21:24:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823842 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Scottyoak2! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Scottyoak2|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) m8tuezuzc9k6l6janzrvxedbwmeirbt 3 148392 823843 2026-04-21T21:24:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823843 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Amisog20! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Amisog20|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) adfmcjrah1a5038oqjwxd7gga3p97mu 3 148393 823844 2026-04-21T21:24:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823844 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Batuntuma! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Batuntuma|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) tbw8ibufqrnvtq9k157z5wjgzj2w7hl 3 148394 823845 2026-04-21T21:24:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823845 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, NextWeekEastLynneO2! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/NextWeekEastLynneO2|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) ahe39q9g70ts0ysipp136fn8uv48he9 3 148395 823846 2026-04-21T21:24:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823846 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Danalhaji12! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Danalhaji12|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) j74d4hslyf4rq21s52pnatj49e6sfx7 3 148396 823847 2026-04-21T21:25:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823847 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yusuf Shehu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yusuf Shehu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) klzx71eod0988tp55brtj4h60ac64v9 3 148397 823848 2026-04-21T21:25:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823848 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bishir Yau! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bishir Yau|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 0dttdf4ideo5jy3cgahfwdjzex6msyl 3 148398 823849 2026-04-21T21:25:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823849 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mati Sani! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mati Sani|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) ludqpd7q149wp10f9lqdvp6ppk4duxn 3 148399 823850 2026-04-21T21:25:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823850 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Gaurav Verma 7899! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Gaurav Verma 7899|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) r5f53sttvxuvv3ppd0hsytruq1bu3sb 3 148400 823851 2026-04-21T21:25:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823851 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Salisu Murtala! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Salisu Murtala|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) sbwjh34xiqzi8z7dwcykj2bawenohlv 3 148401 823852 2026-04-21T21:25:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823852 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Garba Hassan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Garba Hassan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 9p76urn6nz0a9al1of2jrgeva6z1rl5 3 148402 823853 2026-04-21T21:26:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823853 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Lawal Kabir! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Lawal Kabir|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) f0kmrruzr4512jvg1bfrb4yus27ay3d 3 148403 823854 2026-04-21T21:26:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823854 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Prof.kazeem shinfida! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Prof.kazeem shinfida|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) gq98ymoai99xfed4ays7k83winfkt93 3 148404 823855 2026-04-21T21:26:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823855 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Carl6087! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Carl6087|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) lx9urpga1p0iztmv251jcziuzije33w 3 148405 823856 2026-04-21T21:26:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823856 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, OtawaDotNL! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/OtawaDotNL|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) ly3wixi3a5ia2v5a4rbsllhw8kzc726 3 148406 823857 2026-04-21T21:26:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823857 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Chief of Staff! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Chief of Staff|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) lcmgqqngw8lb3j9hmunebocykas3h5l 3 148407 823858 2026-04-21T21:26:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823858 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hernnerhty! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hernnerhty|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) egj6h8l243sz2vsw9t6p93xqq2pftjw 3 148408 823859 2026-04-21T21:27:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823859 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Aqiwode! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Aqiwode|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) gb60mzs8khkpb8a5y67giszgkqo3pqh 3 148409 823860 2026-04-21T21:27:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 823860 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Arbor to SJ! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Arbor to SJ|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 21 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 4skhs8i1cwasgqnk4v8tsbbv27vcuyy 0 148410 824091 2026-04-22T09:05:17Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350373905|Rif Hutton]]" 824091 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai Rif Hutton''' (Nuwamba 28, 1952 - Afrilu 18, 2026) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka. Wataƙila an fi saninsa da rawar da yake takawa a matsayin Dokta Ron Welch a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Doogie Howser, MD'', wanda ya bayyana a cikin wannan jerin daga 1990 har zuwa ƙarshen 1993. Daga 1997 zuwa 2001, ya bayyana a cikin rawar da ake yi akai-akai a matsayin Lt. Cmdr. Alan Mattoni a jerin ''JAG'' . Hutton kuma sananne ne don buga Russ Beeler, mai mallakar fiction na KFC, wanda ya bayyana a cikin tallace-tallace da yawa na KFC a farkon zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Hutton a [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]], kuma an girma a Gabashin Orange, New Jersey . Ya koma Los Angeles a tsakiyar shekarun 1970s don neman aikin wasan kwaikwayo. Ya tafi sauraro da yawa a farkon shekarunsa, amma nan da nan ya sami kansa ya lalace kuma ba shi da gida, yana samun taimako daga abokai.<ref name="LA Times">{{Cite web |last=LIBBY SLATE |date=1993-01-23 |title=Actor Rif Hutton Has Fun Growing With 'Doogie Howser, M.D.' - Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-01-23-ca-1478-story.html |access-date=2012-07-30 |publisher=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da ''Zuwa'' baƙon baƙo a cikin wasu shahararrun jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ciki har da The ''Jeffersons'', Night Court, LA Law, Married... ''tare da yara'', ''Hunter'', Wings, ''Murphy Brown'', The Larry Sanders Show, Getting By, ''Lois &amp;amp; Clark: Sabbin Labaran Superman'', Family Matters, da Cold Case da sauransu. Hutton ya kuma bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen mataki a yankin Los Angeles da kuma aiki a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na murya. == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Hutton ya yi aure sau biyu. Aure na farko ya kasance ga wata mace mai suna Pat, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name="LA Times">{{Cite web |last=LIBBY SLATE |date=1993-01-23 |title=Actor Rif Hutton Has Fun Growing With 'Doogie Howser, M.D.' - Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-01-23-ca-1478-story.html |access-date=2012-07-30 |publisher=Articles.latimes.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLIBBY_SLATE1993">LIBBY SLATE (January 23, 1993). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-01-23-ca-1478-story.html "Actor Rif Hutton Has Fun Growing With 'Doogie Howser, M.D.' - Los Angeles Times"]. Articles.latimes.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Na biyu shi ne ga 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Bridget Hoffman a shekara ta 2001. An ''Zuwa'' ruwaito a shekara ta 2000 cewa ya yi alkawarin aure ga 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Telma Hopkins . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-06-26 |title=Family Matters: 1989-1998 - Family Matters, Where Are They Now?, Darius McCrary, Jaleel White, Jomarie Payton, Reginald VelJohnson, Telma Hopkins |url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20131627,00.html |access-date=2014-06-21 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Telma Hopkins Picture Pages |url=http://www.superiorpics.com/telma_hopkins/ |access-date=2012-07-30 |publisher=Superiorpics.com}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026}}</ref> A cikin 1993-94, Hutton ta buga sha'awar soyayya ta Hopkins a cikin 'yan abubuwan da suka faru na sitcom dinta Getting By . Hutton ya mutu daga Ciwon daji na kwakwalwa a gidansa a Pasadena, California, a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 2026, yana da shekaru 73. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim === * Wavelength (1983) - Jami'in Sojan Sama * ''Ana nema: Matattu ko Rayayyu'' (1987) - Wakilin * ''Kuna Magana da Ni?'' (1987) - Baƙar fata * ''Motsawa'' (1988) - Mai ba da rahoto * Tsaya da Ceto (1988) - Pearson * LA Heat (1989) - Det. Royster * Mai ba da bashi (1991) - Mai ba da labarai * Going Under (1991) - Dr. Friendly * ''Star Trek Generations'' (1994) - Klingon Guard * ''Bigfoot: Gamuwa da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba'' (1995) - Jess * Yara na Masara III: Girbi na Urban (1995) - Arnold * Restraining Order (1999) - Sidney Evans * ''bene na goma sha uku'' (1999) - Joe * ''[[Botoromi|Shrek]]'' (2001) - Masu Tsaro na Ubangiji Farquaad (murya) * ''Osmosis Jones'' (2001) - Charlie (murya) * ''Gas'' (2004) - Brad * Shark Tale (2004) - Kifi (murya) * ''Tugger: Jeep 4x4 Wanda Ya So Ya tashi'' (2005) - Crewman # 1 (murya) * ''[[Madagascar]]'' (2005) - Jama'a memba (murya) * Stick It (2006) - Drill Sergeant * Curious George (2006) - Mailman (murya) * The Tale of Despereaux (2008) - Mutum a cikin taron (murya) * My Apocalypse (2008) - Sufetocin Gidaje * ''Astro Boy'' (2009) - Sakataren Metro City (murya) * Gimbiya da Frog (2009) - DJ (murya) * ''Rio'' (2011) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * Otal Transylvania (2012) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''ParaNorman'' (2012) - Blithe Hollow Townperson (murya) * Epic (2013) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * Rio 2 (2014) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * Ice Age: Collision Course (2016) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV'' (2016) - Babban Jami'in # 2 (murya) * The Star (2017) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Spider-Man: A cikin Spider-Verse'' (2018) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Otal din Transylvania 3: hutun bazara'' (2018) - Ƙarin murya (murya) * The Angry Birds Movie 2 (2019) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Hanyoyin Fury: Labarin Hank'' (2022) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) === Talabijin === * ''Jeffersons'' (1985) - Roulette Spinner * ''227'' (1987) - Mutum # 1 * ''Webster'' (1989) - Bob * Duniya daban (1989) - Tsaro # 2 * ''Doogie Howser, MD'' (1989-1993) - Dokta Ron Welch * Aure, tare da Yara (1990) - Bailiff * Wings (1991) - T.V. Anchorman * ''<nowiki/>'Yar'uwa, 'Yar''" (1994) - Shugaban PTA * ''Fudge'' (1995) - Mista Green * ''Babban Asibitin'' (1995) - David Ward * Ingantawa na Gida (1995) - Mutum a Arena * ''Wayans Bros.'' (1995-1999) - Ted Winters / Wakilin Doug Steckler * Lois & Clark: Sabon Labaran Superman (1996) - Wakilin Rawlings * Jamie Foxx Show (1996) - Vray Beaujay * ''Matsalar Iyali'' (1997) - Reverend Fuller * ''Seinfeld'' (1998) - Mai siyarwa * Buffy the Vampire Slayer (2003) - Janar Janar * ''[[House (TV series)|Gidan]]'' (2005) - Morris * Wannan shi ne Raven (2005) - Reverend Mattson * ''CSI: Binciken Yanayin Laifi'' (2007) - Vernon Porter * Ghost Whisperer (2008) - Bill Eritt * The Mentalist (2008) - Dokta * Tunanin Laifuka (2016) - Warden Bryan Nabb * ''Babban Asibitin'' (2021) - Lenny == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name}} * Rif Huttona bayan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na murya [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] 3k8c27789v25wgfsr78ebrn3913wy72 824092 824091 2026-04-22T09:07:55Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 824092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rif Hutton''' (Nuwamba 28, 1952 - Afrilu 18, 2026) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka. Wataƙila an fi saninsa da rawar da yake takawa a matsayin Dokta Ron Welch a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Doogie Howser, MD'', wanda ya bayyana a cikin wannan jerin daga 1990 har zuwa ƙarshen 1993. Daga 1997 zuwa 2001, ya bayyana a cikin rawar da ake yi akai-akai a matsayin Lt. Cmdr. Alan Mattoni a jerin ''JAG'' . Hutton kuma sananne ne don buga Russ Beeler, mai mallakar fiction na KFC, wanda ya bayyana a cikin tallace-tallace da yawa na KFC a farkon zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Hutton a [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]], kuma an girma a Gabashin Orange, New Jersey . Ya koma Los Angeles a tsakiyar shekarun 1970s don neman aikin wasan kwaikwayo. Ya tafi sauraro da yawa a farkon shekarunsa, amma nan da nan ya sami kansa ya lalace kuma ba shi da gida, yana samun taimako daga abokai.<ref name="LA Times">{{Cite web |last=LIBBY SLATE |date=1993-01-23 |title=Actor Rif Hutton Has Fun Growing With 'Doogie Howser, M.D.' - Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-01-23-ca-1478-story.html |access-date=2012-07-30 |publisher=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da ''Zuwa'' baƙon baƙo a cikin wasu shahararrun jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ciki har da The ''Jeffersons'', Night Court, LA Law, Married... ''tare da yara'', ''Hunter'', Wings, ''Murphy Brown'', The Larry Sanders Show, Getting By, ''Lois &amp;amp; Clark: Sabbin Labaran Superman'', Family Matters, da Cold Case da sauransu. Hutton ya kuma bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen mataki a yankin Los Angeles da kuma aiki a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na murya. == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Hutton ya yi aure sau biyu. Aure na farko ya kasance ga wata mace mai suna Pat, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name="LA Times">{{Cite web |last=LIBBY SLATE |date=1993-01-23 |title=Actor Rif Hutton Has Fun Growing With 'Doogie Howser, M.D.' - Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-01-23-ca-1478-story.html |access-date=2012-07-30 |publisher=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> Na biyu shi ne ga 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Bridget Hoffman a shekara ta 2001. An ''Zuwa'' ruwaito a shekara ta 2000 cewa ya yi alkawarin aure ga 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Telma Hopkins . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-06-26 |title=Family Matters: 1989-1998 - Family Matters, Where Are They Now?, Darius McCrary, Jaleel White, Jomarie Payton, Reginald VelJohnson, Telma Hopkins |url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20131627,00.html |access-date=2014-06-21 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Telma Hopkins Picture Pages |url=http://www.superiorpics.com/telma_hopkins/ |access-date=2012-07-30 |publisher=Superiorpics.com}}</ref> A cikin 1993-94, Hutton ta buga sha'awar soyayya ta Hopkins a cikin 'yan abubuwan da suka faru na sitcom dinta Getting By . Hutton ya mutu daga Ciwon daji na kwakwalwa a gidansa a Pasadena, California, a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 2026, yana da shekaru 73. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim === * Wavelength (1983) - Jami'in Sojan Sama * ''Ana nema: Matattu ko Rayayyu'' (1987) - Wakilin * ''Kuna Magana da Ni?'' (1987) - Baƙar fata * ''Motsawa'' (1988) - Mai ba da rahoto * Tsaya da Ceto (1988) - Pearson * LA Heat (1989) - Det. Royster * Mai ba da bashi (1991) - Mai ba da labarai * Going Under (1991) - Dr. Friendly * ''Star Trek Generations'' (1994) - Klingon Guard * ''Bigfoot: Gamuwa da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba'' (1995) - Jess * Yara na Masara III: Girbi na Urban (1995) - Arnold * Restraining Order (1999) - Sidney Evans * ''bene na goma sha uku'' (1999) - Joe * ''[[Botoromi|Shrek]]'' (2001) - Masu Tsaro na Ubangiji Farquaad (murya) * ''Osmosis Jones'' (2001) - Charlie (murya) * ''Gas'' (2004) - Brad * Shark Tale (2004) - Kifi (murya) * ''Tugger: Jeep 4x4 Wanda Ya So Ya tashi'' (2005) - Crewman # 1 (murya) * ''[[Madagascar]]'' (2005) - Jama'a memba (murya) * Stick It (2006) - Drill Sergeant * Curious George (2006) - Mailman (murya) * The Tale of Despereaux (2008) - Mutum a cikin taron (murya) * My Apocalypse (2008) - Sufetocin Gidaje * ''Astro Boy'' (2009) - Sakataren Metro City (murya) * Gimbiya da Frog (2009) - DJ (murya) * ''Rio'' (2011) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * Otal Transylvania (2012) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''ParaNorman'' (2012) - Blithe Hollow Townperson (murya) * Epic (2013) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * Rio 2 (2014) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * Ice Age: Collision Course (2016) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV'' (2016) - Babban Jami'in # 2 (murya) * The Star (2017) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Spider-Man: A cikin Spider-Verse'' (2018) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Otal din Transylvania 3: hutun bazara'' (2018) - Ƙarin murya (murya) * The Angry Birds Movie 2 (2019) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Hanyoyin Fury: Labarin Hank'' (2022) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) === Talabijin === * ''Jeffersons'' (1985) - Roulette Spinner * ''227'' (1987) - Mutum # 1 * ''Webster'' (1989) - Bob * Duniya daban (1989) - Tsaro # 2 * ''Doogie Howser, MD'' (1989-1993) - Dokta Ron Welch * Aure, tare da Yara (1990) - Bailiff * Wings (1991) - T.V. Anchorman * ''<nowiki/>'Yar'uwa, 'Yar''" (1994) - Shugaban PTA * ''Fudge'' (1995) - Mista Green * ''Babban Asibitin'' (1995) - David Ward * Ingantawa na Gida (1995) - Mutum a Arena * ''Wayans Bros.'' (1995-1999) - Ted Winters / Wakilin Doug Steckler * Lois & Clark: Sabon Labaran Superman (1996) - Wakilin Rawlings * Jamie Foxx Show (1996) - Vray Beaujay * ''Matsalar Iyali'' (1997) - Reverend Fuller * ''Seinfeld'' (1998) - Mai siyarwa * Buffy the Vampire Slayer (2003) - Janar Janar * ''[[House (TV series)|Gidan]]'' (2005) - Morris * Wannan shi ne Raven (2005) - Reverend Mattson * ''CSI: Binciken Yanayin Laifi'' (2007) - Vernon Porter * Ghost Whisperer (2008) - Bill Eritt * The Mentalist (2008) - Dokta * Tunanin Laifuka (2016) - Warden Bryan Nabb * ''Babban Asibitin'' (2021) - Lenny == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name}} * Rif Huttona bayan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na murya [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] fsalni1huq3t7h8tfw2oy7bdlgdjk8n 824094 824092 2026-04-22T09:15:50Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Rayuwa da mutuwarsa */ 824094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rif Hutton''' (Nuwamba 28, 1952 - Afrilu 18, 2026) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka. Wataƙila an fi saninsa da rawar da yake takawa a matsayin Dokta Ron Welch a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Doogie Howser, MD'', wanda ya bayyana a cikin wannan jerin daga 1990 har zuwa ƙarshen 1993. Daga 1997 zuwa 2001, ya bayyana a cikin rawar da ake yi akai-akai a matsayin Lt. Cmdr. Alan Mattoni a jerin ''JAG'' . Hutton kuma sananne ne don buga Russ Beeler, mai mallakar fiction na KFC, wanda ya bayyana a cikin tallace-tallace da yawa na KFC a farkon zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Hutton a [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]], kuma an girma a Gabashin Orange, New Jersey . Ya koma Los Angeles a tsakiyar shekarun 1970s don neman aikin wasan kwaikwayo. Ya tafi sauraro da yawa a farkon shekarunsa, amma nan da nan ya sami kansa ya lalace kuma ba shi da gida, yana samun taimako daga abokai.<ref name="LA Times">{{Cite web |last=LIBBY SLATE |date=1993-01-23 |title=Actor Rif Hutton Has Fun Growing With 'Doogie Howser, M.D.' - Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-01-23-ca-1478-story.html |access-date=2012-07-30 |publisher=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da ''Zuwa'' baƙon baƙo a cikin wasu shahararrun jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ciki har da The ''Jeffersons'', Night Court, LA Law, Married... ''tare da yara'', ''Hunter'', Wings, ''Murphy Brown'', The Larry Sanders Show, Getting By, ''Lois &amp;amp; Clark: Sabbin Labaran Superman'', Family Matters, da Cold Case da sauransu. Hutton ya kuma bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen mataki a yankin Los Angeles da kuma aiki a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na murya. == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Hutton ya yi aure sau biyu. Aure na farko ya kasance ga wata mace mai suna Pat, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name="LA Times">{{Cite web |last=LIBBY SLATE |date=1993-01-23 |title=Actor Rif Hutton Has Fun Growing With 'Doogie Howser, M.D.' - Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-01-23-ca-1478-story.html |access-date=2012-07-30 |publisher=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> Na biyu shi ne ga 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Bridget Hoffman a shekara ta 2001. An ''Zuwa'' ruwaito a shekara ta 2000 cewa ya yi alkawarin aure ga 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Telma Hopkins . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-06-26 |title=Family Matters: 1989-1998 - Family Matters, Where Are They Now?, Darius McCrary, Jaleel White, Jomarie Payton, Reginald VelJohnson, Telma Hopkins |url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20131627,00.html |access-date=2014-06-21 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Telma Hopkins Picture Pages |url=http://www.superiorpics.com/telma_hopkins/ |access-date=2012-07-30 |publisher=Superiorpics.com}}</ref> A cikin 1993-94, Hutton ta buga sha'awar soyayya ta Hopkins a cikin 'yan abubuwan da suka faru na sitcom dinta Getting By . Hutton ya mutu daga Ciwon daji na kwakwalwa a gidansa a Pasadena, California, a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 2026, yana da shekaru 73.<ref>{{cite news |title='Doogie Howser, M.D.' Star Rif Hutton Dead at 73 |url=https://www.tmz.com/2026/04/20/rif-hutton-dead/ |access-date=20 April 2026 |publisher=TMZ |date=20 April 2026}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim === * Wavelength (1983) - Jami'in Sojan Sama * ''Ana nema: Matattu ko Rayayyu'' (1987) - Wakilin * ''Kuna Magana da Ni?'' (1987) - Baƙar fata * ''Motsawa'' (1988) - Mai ba da rahoto * Tsaya da Ceto (1988) - Pearson * LA Heat (1989) - Det. Royster * Mai ba da bashi (1991) - Mai ba da labarai * Going Under (1991) - Dr. Friendly * ''Star Trek Generations'' (1994) - Klingon Guard * ''Bigfoot: Gamuwa da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba'' (1995) - Jess * Yara na Masara III: Girbi na Urban (1995) - Arnold * Restraining Order (1999) - Sidney Evans * ''bene na goma sha uku'' (1999) - Joe * ''[[Botoromi|Shrek]]'' (2001) - Masu Tsaro na Ubangiji Farquaad (murya) * ''Osmosis Jones'' (2001) - Charlie (murya) * ''Gas'' (2004) - Brad * Shark Tale (2004) - Kifi (murya) * ''Tugger: Jeep 4x4 Wanda Ya So Ya tashi'' (2005) - Crewman # 1 (murya) * ''[[Madagascar]]'' (2005) - Jama'a memba (murya) * Stick It (2006) - Drill Sergeant * Curious George (2006) - Mailman (murya) * The Tale of Despereaux (2008) - Mutum a cikin taron (murya) * My Apocalypse (2008) - Sufetocin Gidaje * ''Astro Boy'' (2009) - Sakataren Metro City (murya) * Gimbiya da Frog (2009) - DJ (murya) * ''Rio'' (2011) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * Otal Transylvania (2012) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''ParaNorman'' (2012) - Blithe Hollow Townperson (murya) * Epic (2013) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * Rio 2 (2014) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * Ice Age: Collision Course (2016) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV'' (2016) - Babban Jami'in # 2 (murya) * The Star (2017) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Spider-Man: A cikin Spider-Verse'' (2018) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Otal din Transylvania 3: hutun bazara'' (2018) - Ƙarin murya (murya) * The Angry Birds Movie 2 (2019) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Hanyoyin Fury: Labarin Hank'' (2022) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) === Talabijin === * ''Jeffersons'' (1985) - Roulette Spinner * ''227'' (1987) - Mutum # 1 * ''Webster'' (1989) - Bob * Duniya daban (1989) - Tsaro # 2 * ''Doogie Howser, MD'' (1989-1993) - Dokta Ron Welch * Aure, tare da Yara (1990) - Bailiff * Wings (1991) - T.V. Anchorman * ''<nowiki/>'Yar'uwa, 'Yar''" (1994) - Shugaban PTA * ''Fudge'' (1995) - Mista Green * ''Babban Asibitin'' (1995) - David Ward * Ingantawa na Gida (1995) - Mutum a Arena * ''Wayans Bros.'' (1995-1999) - Ted Winters / Wakilin Doug Steckler * Lois & Clark: Sabon Labaran Superman (1996) - Wakilin Rawlings * Jamie Foxx Show (1996) - Vray Beaujay * ''Matsalar Iyali'' (1997) - Reverend Fuller * ''Seinfeld'' (1998) - Mai siyarwa * Buffy the Vampire Slayer (2003) - Janar Janar * ''[[House (TV series)|Gidan]]'' (2005) - Morris * Wannan shi ne Raven (2005) - Reverend Mattson * ''CSI: Binciken Yanayin Laifi'' (2007) - Vernon Porter * Ghost Whisperer (2008) - Bill Eritt * The Mentalist (2008) - Dokta * Tunanin Laifuka (2016) - Warden Bryan Nabb * ''Babban Asibitin'' (2021) - Lenny == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name}} * Rif Huttona bayan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na murya [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] lso0avf3hksfs5ddjdhpxe4e5om4nuk 824096 824094 2026-04-22T09:17:08Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 824096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rif Hutton''' (Nuwamba 28, 1952 - Afrilu 18, 2026) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka. Wataƙila an fi saninsa da rawar da yake takawa a matsayin Dokta Ron Welch a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Doogie Howser, MD'', wanda ya bayyana a cikin wannan jerin daga 1990 har zuwa ƙarshen 1993. Daga 1997 zuwa 2001, ya bayyana a cikin rawar da ake yi akai-akai a matsayin Lt. Cmdr. Alan Mattoni a jerin ''JAG'' . Hutton kuma sananne ne don buga Russ Beeler, mai mallakar fiction na KFC, wanda ya bayyana a cikin tallace-tallace da yawa na KFC a farkon zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990.<ref>{{cite news|author=Stuart Elliott |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/19/business/media-business-advertising-kfc-s-very-real-problems-may-be-solved-lake-edna.html?src=pm |title=THE MEDIA BUSINESS: ADVERTISING; KFC's Very Real Problems May Be Solved in Lake Edna - New York Times |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=1992-05-19 |accessdate=2012-07-30}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Hutton a [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]], kuma an girma a Gabashin Orange, New Jersey . Ya koma Los Angeles a tsakiyar shekarun 1970s don neman aikin wasan kwaikwayo. Ya tafi sauraro da yawa a farkon shekarunsa, amma nan da nan ya sami kansa ya lalace kuma ba shi da gida, yana samun taimako daga abokai.<ref name="LA Times">{{Cite web |last=LIBBY SLATE |date=1993-01-23 |title=Actor Rif Hutton Has Fun Growing With 'Doogie Howser, M.D.' - Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-01-23-ca-1478-story.html |access-date=2012-07-30 |publisher=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da ''Zuwa'' baƙon baƙo a cikin wasu shahararrun jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ciki har da The ''Jeffersons'', Night Court, LA Law, Married... ''tare da yara'', ''Hunter'', Wings, ''Murphy Brown'', The Larry Sanders Show, Getting By, ''Lois &amp;amp; Clark: Sabbin Labaran Superman'', Family Matters, da Cold Case da sauransu. Hutton ya kuma bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen mataki a yankin Los Angeles da kuma aiki a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na murya. == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Hutton ya yi aure sau biyu. Aure na farko ya kasance ga wata mace mai suna Pat, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name="LA Times">{{Cite web |last=LIBBY SLATE |date=1993-01-23 |title=Actor Rif Hutton Has Fun Growing With 'Doogie Howser, M.D.' - Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-01-23-ca-1478-story.html |access-date=2012-07-30 |publisher=Articles.latimes.com}}</ref> Na biyu shi ne ga 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Bridget Hoffman a shekara ta 2001. An ''Zuwa'' ruwaito a shekara ta 2000 cewa ya yi alkawarin aure ga 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Telma Hopkins . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-06-26 |title=Family Matters: 1989-1998 - Family Matters, Where Are They Now?, Darius McCrary, Jaleel White, Jomarie Payton, Reginald VelJohnson, Telma Hopkins |url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20131627,00.html |access-date=2014-06-21 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Telma Hopkins Picture Pages |url=http://www.superiorpics.com/telma_hopkins/ |access-date=2012-07-30 |publisher=Superiorpics.com}}</ref> A cikin 1993-94, Hutton ta buga sha'awar soyayya ta Hopkins a cikin 'yan abubuwan da suka faru na sitcom dinta Getting By . Hutton ya mutu daga Ciwon daji na kwakwalwa a gidansa a Pasadena, California, a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 2026, yana da shekaru 73.<ref>{{cite news |title='Doogie Howser, M.D.' Star Rif Hutton Dead at 73 |url=https://www.tmz.com/2026/04/20/rif-hutton-dead/ |access-date=20 April 2026 |publisher=TMZ |date=20 April 2026}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim === * Wavelength (1983) - Jami'in Sojan Sama * ''Ana nema: Matattu ko Rayayyu'' (1987) - Wakilin * ''Kuna Magana da Ni?'' (1987) - Baƙar fata * ''Motsawa'' (1988) - Mai ba da rahoto * Tsaya da Ceto (1988) - Pearson * LA Heat (1989) - Det. Royster * Mai ba da bashi (1991) - Mai ba da labarai * Going Under (1991) - Dr. Friendly * ''Star Trek Generations'' (1994) - Klingon Guard * ''Bigfoot: Gamuwa da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba'' (1995) - Jess * Yara na Masara III: Girbi na Urban (1995) - Arnold * Restraining Order (1999) - Sidney Evans * ''bene na goma sha uku'' (1999) - Joe * ''[[Botoromi|Shrek]]'' (2001) - Masu Tsaro na Ubangiji Farquaad (murya) * ''Osmosis Jones'' (2001) - Charlie (murya) * ''Gas'' (2004) - Brad * Shark Tale (2004) - Kifi (murya) * ''Tugger: Jeep 4x4 Wanda Ya So Ya tashi'' (2005) - Crewman # 1 (murya) * ''[[Madagascar]]'' (2005) - Jama'a memba (murya) * Stick It (2006) - Drill Sergeant * Curious George (2006) - Mailman (murya) * The Tale of Despereaux (2008) - Mutum a cikin taron (murya) * My Apocalypse (2008) - Sufetocin Gidaje * ''Astro Boy'' (2009) - Sakataren Metro City (murya) * Gimbiya da Frog (2009) - DJ (murya) * ''Rio'' (2011) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * Otal Transylvania (2012) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''ParaNorman'' (2012) - Blithe Hollow Townperson (murya) * Epic (2013) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * Rio 2 (2014) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * Ice Age: Collision Course (2016) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV'' (2016) - Babban Jami'in # 2 (murya) * The Star (2017) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Spider-Man: A cikin Spider-Verse'' (2018) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Otal din Transylvania 3: hutun bazara'' (2018) - Ƙarin murya (murya) * The Angry Birds Movie 2 (2019) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) * ''Hanyoyin Fury: Labarin Hank'' (2022) - Ƙarin Muryoyi (murya) === Talabijin === * ''Jeffersons'' (1985) - Roulette Spinner * ''227'' (1987) - Mutum # 1 * ''Webster'' (1989) - Bob * Duniya daban (1989) - Tsaro # 2 * ''Doogie Howser, MD'' (1989-1993) - Dokta Ron Welch * Aure, tare da Yara (1990) - Bailiff * Wings (1991) - T.V. Anchorman * ''<nowiki/>'Yar'uwa, 'Yar''" (1994) - Shugaban PTA * ''Fudge'' (1995) - Mista Green * ''Babban Asibitin'' (1995) - David Ward * Ingantawa na Gida (1995) - Mutum a Arena * ''Wayans Bros.'' (1995-1999) - Ted Winters / Wakilin Doug Steckler * Lois & Clark: Sabon Labaran Superman (1996) - Wakilin Rawlings * Jamie Foxx Show (1996) - Vray Beaujay * ''Matsalar Iyali'' (1997) - Reverend Fuller * ''Seinfeld'' (1998) - Mai siyarwa * Buffy the Vampire Slayer (2003) - Janar Janar * ''[[House (TV series)|Gidan]]'' (2005) - Morris * Wannan shi ne Raven (2005) - Reverend Mattson * ''CSI: Binciken Yanayin Laifi'' (2007) - Vernon Porter * Ghost Whisperer (2008) - Bill Eritt * The Mentalist (2008) - Dokta * Tunanin Laifuka (2016) - Warden Bryan Nabb * ''Babban Asibitin'' (2021) - Lenny == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name}} * Rif Huttona bayan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na murya [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] h0pfbp6udcxr4ikiaz581qy7me73mpv 0 148411 824137 2026-04-22T10:52:44Z Uncle Bash007 9891 Uncle Bash007 moved page [[School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford]] to [[Makarantar Geography da Muhalli, Jami'ar Oxford]]: Misspelled title: In other language 824137 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Makarantar Geography da Muhalli, Jami'ar Oxford]] 0em6ziktqe91dklfrrxvdi8tyihi31t