Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.26 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3035 827866 785549 2026-04-29T22:32:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827866 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Fayil:Cucurbita_2011_G1_Large.jpg|thumb| Daban-daban na kabewa cultivars. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na tsakiya da dama sune ''[[Kabewa|Cucurbita pepo]]'', duk sauran su ne ''Cucurbita maxima'']] '''Kabewa''' ita ce shukar ciyawar hunturu a cikin jinsin ''Cucurbita'' . An fi amfani da kalmar zuwa zagaye, nau'in kabewa masu launin lemu, amma ba shi da ma'anar kimiyya. Ana iya amfani da shi dangane da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ''cucurbita'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Horticulture Questions and Answers |url=http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the-home-gardener/advice-tips-resources/gardening-help-faqs.aspx?questionid=274&afmid=4462 |website=Garden Help FAQ |publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]]}}</ref> Ana tsammanin amfani da kalmar "kabewa" ya samo asali ne daga New England a Arewacin Amirka, an samo shi daga kalmar guna, ko kalmar asali don zagaye. Ana amfani da kalmar a wasu lokuta tare da " squash " ko "squash na hunturu", kuma ana amfani da ita don wasu cultivars na ''Cucurbita argyrosperma'', ''Cucurbita ficifolia'', ''Cucurbita maxima'', ''Cucurbita moschata'', da ''[[Kabewa|Cucurbita pepo]]'' . ''C. pepo'' pumpkins suna cikin sanannun tsire-tsire na gida, tare da shaidar noman su tsakanin 7000 KZ da 5500 KZ. Dabbobin daji na ''Cucurbita'' da na farko na cikin gida sun fito ne daga [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] (sassan arewa maso gabashin [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] da kudancin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] ), amma yanzu ana girma da cultivars a duniya don kayan abinci, kayan ado, da wasu dalilai na musamman na al'adu. <ref name="illinoisext">{{Cite web |last=Wolford |first=Ron |last2=Banks |first2=Drusilla |year=2008 |title=Pumpkins and More |url=http://urbanext.illinois.edu/pumpkins/ |access-date=February 19, 2008 |publisher=University of Illinois Extension}}</ref> Harsashi mai kauri na kabewa yana ƙunshe da tsaba masu cin abinci da ɓangaren litattafan almara. Pumpkin kek wani yanki ne na gargajiya na Abincin Godiya a Kanada da Amurka kuma ana yawan amfani da kabewa azaman kayan ado na lokacin kaka kuma an sassaƙa su azaman jack-lanterns don ado a kusa da Halloween. Kayan kabewa gwangwani na kasuwanci da cikawa yawanci ana yin su ne da nau'ikan kabewa daban-daban daga waɗanda aka yi nufin amfani da su na ado.[1] == Etymology da terminology == A cewar ƙamus na Turanci na Oxford, kalmar Ingilishi ''ta'' samo asali ne daga kalmar tsohuwar Girka ta {{Lang|grc|πέπων}}</link> ( romanized {{Transl|grc|pepōn}} ), ma'ana 'guna'. <ref name="oed">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Pumpkin |url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=pumpkin |access-date=22 October 2020 |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper Ltd}}</ref> <ref name="paris1989">{{Cite journal |last=Paris |first=Harry S. |year=1989 |title=Historical Records, Origins, and Development of the Edible Cultivar Groups of ''Cucurbita pepo'' (Cucurbitaceae) |journal=[[Economic Botany]] |publisher=New York Botanical Garden Press |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=423–443 |bibcode=1989EcBot..43..423P |doi=10.1007/bf02935916 |jstor=4255187 |s2cid=29052282}}</ref> A karkashin wannan ka'idar, kalmar ta canza ta hanyar kalmar [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] {{Lang|la|peponem}}</link> da kalmar {{Lang|frm|pompon}} ta Tsakiya ta Faransa</link> zuwa ga {{Lang|enm|pompion}} Turanci na Farko na Zamani</link> , wanda Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ingila na karni na 17 suka canza zuwa ''kabewa'', jim kadan bayan da suka ci karo da kabewa a lokacin da suka isa yankin arewa maso gabashin Amurka a yanzu. <ref name="oed" /> Akwai wani tsari na daban da aka tsara don ''kabewa'' daga kalmar Massachusett {{Lang|wam|pôhpukun}}</link> , ma'ana 'girma zagaye'. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fun With Words |url=https://www.wlrp.org/fun-with-words |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project}}</ref> Mutanen Wampanoag (waɗanda ke magana da {{Lang|wam|Wôpanâak}} sun yi amfani da wannan kalmar</link> yaren Massachusett) lokacin gabatar da kabewa ga Mahajjata Turanci a Plymouth Colony, wanda ke [[Massachusetts]] a yau. ( ''Kalmar'' ta Ingilishi ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Massachusett, an fassara ta daban-daban azaman {{Lang|wam|askꝏtasquash}}</link> , {{Lang|wam|ashk8tasqash}}</link> , ko, a cikin yaren Narragansett mai alaƙa, {{Lang|xnt|askútasquash}}</link> .) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of Squash |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/squash |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=Merriam-Webster Dictionary}}</ref> Masu bincike sun lura cewa kalmar ''kabewa'' da kalmomin da ke da alaƙa kamar ''ayote'' da ''calabaza'' ana amfani da su a kan kewayon ciyawar hunturu masu girma da siffa. Kalmar ''kabewa'' a wasu lokuta ana amfani da ita don kabewa cultivars na nau'in ''Cucurbita moschata'' . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Andres |first=T.C. |date=2004 |title=Diversity in tropical pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata): cultivar origin and history |url=https://cucurbit.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/cuc2004proceedings.pdf#page=113 |journal=Progress in Cucurbit Genetics and Breeding Research}}</ref> == Bayani == [[Fayil:Cross_section_of_pumpkin.jpg|thumb| Sashin ketare na ''Cucurbita maxima'' kabewa]] 'Ya'yan itacen kabewa nau'in berry ne da aka sani da pepo . Halayen da aka saba amfani da su don ayyana kabewa sun haɗa da fata mai santsi da ɗan haƙarƙari <ref name="UFlor">{{Cite web |title=Pumpkins in Florida |url=http://solutionsforyourlife.ufl.edu/hot_topics/lawn_and_garden/pumpkins.html |publisher=[[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]]}}</ref> da zurfin rawaya zuwa launin lemu, {{R|UFlor}} ko da yake fari, kore, da sauran launukan kabewa suma suna wanzu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 26, 2005 |title=White Pumpkins Hit the Halloween Market |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna9827573 |access-date=October 9, 2013 |publisher=NBC News |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Yayin da ''[[Kabewa|cucurbita pepo]]'' pumpkins gabaɗaya suna yin nauyi tsakanin {{Convert|6|and|18|lb|kg|0}}, manyan kabewa na iya wuce tonne a cikin taro. <ref name="borrell">{{Cite web |last=Borrell, Brenda |date=October 2011 |title=The Great Pumpkin |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-great-pumpkin-74423844/?no-ist=&page=1 |access-date=October 31, 2016 |publisher=The Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> <ref name="heaviest">{{Cite web |last=Bruno Waterfield |date=2021-10-01 |title=Belgian Mario Vangeel hopes to squash Italian's giant pumpkin record at world championship |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/belgian-hopes-to-squash-italians-giant-pumpkin-record-htzdnvq0w |access-date=2021-10-25 |website=The Times}}</ref> Yawancin nau'ikan ''C. maxima'' ne waɗanda aka haɓaka ta hanyar ƙoƙarin [[Botany|ƙungiyoyin tsirrai]] da manoma masu kishi. <ref name="borrell" /> Mafi yawan cultivars akai-akai suna kai nauyi sama da {{Convert|75|lb|kg|0}} ku. A cikin Oktoba 2023, an saita rikodin don kabewa mafi nauyi a 1,246.9&nbsp;kg (2,749&nbsp;lbs.). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-10 |title=Pumpkin weighing 2,749 pounds wins contest and sets world record for biggest gourd |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/pumpkin-weighing-2749-pounds-wins-contest-sets-world-record-biggest-go-rcna119649 |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi ==   Tsohuwar shaidar ''[[Kabewa|Cucurbita pepo]]'' ita ce gutsutsayen kabewa da aka samu a [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] waɗanda aka yi kwanan watan tsakanin 7,000 zuwa 5,500.&nbsp;BC <ref name="Mass">{{Cite web |title=Pick a Pumpkin from Massachusetts |url=https://blog.mass.gov/blog/living-in-massachusetts/pick-a-pumpkin-from-massachusetts-this-october/ |website=Mass.gov |publisher=Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-date=2016-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724195046/http://blog.mass.gov/blog/living-in-massachusetts/pick-a-pumpkin-from-massachusetts-this-october/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kabewa da sauran nau'ikan kabewa, tare da [[masara]] da [[wake]], suna cikin tsarin dasa shuki ' yan'uwa mata uku da yawancin al'ummomin Arewacin Amurka ke yi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mt.Pleasant |first=Jane |date=2016-11-10 |title=Food Yields and Nutrient Analyses of the Three Sisters: A Haudenosaunee Cropping System |url=https://ojs.ethnobiology.org/index.php/ebl/article/view/721 |journal=Ethnobiology Letters |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=87–98–87–98 |doi=10.14237/ebl.7.1.2016.721 |issn=2159-8126 |s2cid=67774658 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, manyan kabewa na zamani galibi ana cire su, saboda nauyinsu na iya lalata sauran amfanin gona. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2022 |title=Plant a Three Sisters Garden: Corn, Beans, and Squash {{!}} The Old Farmer's Almanac |url=https://www.almanac.com/content/three-sisters-corn-bean-and-squash |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=www.almanac.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekaru da yawa bayan da Turawa suka fara mulkin mallaka a Arewacin Amirka, an buga misalai na kabewa irin na zamani na zamani Small Sugar kabewa da Connecticut Field kabewa a Turai. == Noma == Kabewa shuka ne mai dumi-dumi da ake shukawa a farkon watan Yuli a Arewacin Hemisphere. Kabewa na buƙatar zafin ƙasa {{Convert|3|in|cm|0}} zurfin aƙalla {{Convert|15.5|C|F|0}} da kuma cewa ƙasa tana riƙe da ruwa da kyau. Noman kabewa na iya wahala idan babu ruwa, saboda yanayin zafi kasa da {{Convert|65|F|C|0}}, ko kuma idan an girma a cikin ƙasa wanda ya zama ruwan sama. A cikin waɗannan yanayi, ana ɗaukar kabewa da ƙarfi, kuma ko da an cire ganye da yawa na itacen inabi ko kuma sun lalace, shuka zai iya girma da sauri na biyu don maye gurbin abin da aka cire. <ref name="psu">{{Cite web |last=Astill |first=Gregory |year=2018 |title=Pumpkins: Background & Statistics |url=https://www.ers.usda.gov/newsroom/trending-topics/pumpkins-background-statistics/ |access-date=December 2, 2018 |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service}}</ref> Kabewa suna samar da furen namiji da na mace, tare da hadi da ƙudan zuma galibi ke yin su. <ref name="psu"/> A cikin Amurka, kudan zuma na asali, ''Peponapis pruinosa'', sun lalata kabewa a tarihi, amma wannan kudan zuma ya ƙi, watakila wani ɓangare na maganin kashe qwari ( imidacloprid ) hankali. <ref name="williams">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Roger |year=2009 |title=Effects of imidacloprid-based Insecticides on the Native Cucurbit Pollinator, ''Peponapis pruinosa'' |url=http://projects.ipm.gov/ProjectDetails.cfm?project_ID=749 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028112305/https://projects.ipm.gov/ProjectDetails.cfm?project_ID=749 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |access-date=September 15, 2013 |publisher=US Interagency IPM Projects}}</ref> Kudan zuma na tushen ƙasa, irin su ƙudan zuma na squash da bumblebee na gabas, sun fi dacewa don sarrafa manyan ƙwayoyin pollen da kabewa ke haifarwa. <ref name="canto">{{Cite journal |last=Canto-Aguilar |first=M.L. |last2=Parra-Tabla |first2=V. |year=2000 |title=Importance of Conserving Alternative Pollinators: Assessing the Pollination Efficiency of the Squash Bee, ''Peponapis limitaris'' in ''Cucurbita moschata'' (Cucurbitaceae) |journal=Journal of Insect Conservation |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=201–208 |bibcode=2000JICon...4..201C |doi=10.1023/A:1009685422587 |s2cid=9891755}}</ref> <ref name="tepedino">{{Cite journal |last=Tepedino |first=V. J. |date=April 1981 |title=The pollination efficiency of the squash bee (''Peponapis pruinosa'') and the honey bee (''Apis mellifera'') on summer squash (''Cucurbita pepo'') |journal=Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=359–377 |jstor=25084168}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka ta ba da shawarar hive ɗaya a kowace kadada (kadada 0.4, ko amya biyar a kowace kadada 2). Idan akwai rashin isassun kudan zuma don pollination, masu lambu na iya yin amfani da pollinate . Kabewan da ba su da kyau yakan fara girma amma sun kasa girma. === Production === {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:12em; text-align:center;" |+Samar da kabewa<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>2022, (miliyoyin tan)<br /><br /><br /><br /></small><nowiki></br></nowiki> |{{CHN}}</img>{{CHN}} | 7.3 |- |</img> Ukraine | 1.1 |- |</img> Rasha | 1.1 |- |</img> Amurka | 1.0 |- |{{MEX}}</img>{{MEX}} | 0.7 |- |{{ESP}}</img>{{ESP}} | 0.7 |- | '''Duniya''' | '''22.8''' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | <small>Source: FAOSTAT na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]]</small> <ref name="faostat">{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=Pumpkin production in 2022 (includes squash and gourds), Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists) |url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC |access-date=31 August 2024 |publisher=UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT)}}</ref> |} A cikin 2022, samar da kabewa a duniya (ciki har da kabewa da gourds) ya kai tan miliyan 23, yayin da China ke lissafin kashi 32% na jimillar. Ukraine, Rasha, da Amurka kowanne ya samar da kusan tan miliyan daya. <ref name="faostat"/> ==== A Amurka ==== [[Fayil:Pumpkin_Patch_(Winchester,_Oregon).jpg|thumb| Facin kabewa a Winchester, Oregon]] A matsayin ɗayan shahararrun amfanin gona a Amurka, a cikin 2017 sama da {{Convert|1.5|e9lb|e6kg}} na kabewa aka samar. <ref name="psu"/> [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|Jihohin]] da ke samar da kabewa sun haɗa da [[Illinois]], [[Indiana]], [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]], [[Pennsylvania]], da [[California]] . <ref name="illinoisext"/> Kabewa ita ce squash ta jihar [[Texas]] . A cewar Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Illinois, kashi 95 cikin 100 na amfanin gonar Amurka da aka yi niyya don sarrafawa ana noman su ne a Illinois. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Illinois Department of Agriculture |date=October 22, 2004 |title=Illinois Leads Nation in Pumpkin Production |url=http://www.agr.state.il.us/newsrels/r1022041.html |access-date=November 28, 2024 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923103549/http://www.agr.state.il.us/newsrels/r1022041.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lalle ne, kashi 41 cikin 100 na yawan amfanin gona na kabewa ga duk amfanin ya samo asali ne a cikin jihar, fiye da sau biyar na mafi kusa da fafatawa a gasa, California, wanda masana'antun kabewa ke tsakiya a cikin San Joaquin Valley ; kuma mafi yawansu sun fito ne daga kananan hukumomi biyar da ke tsakiyar jihar. <ref name="wherethepumpkinsgrow">{{Cite web |last=Ramos |first=Elliot |date=October 22, 2021 |title=Map: Where America's pumpkins come from |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/map-where-america-s-pumpkins-come-n1281963 |access-date=October 31, 2021 |website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> Nestlé, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan alamar Libby's, yana samar da kashi 85 na kabewa da aka sarrafa a Amurka a masana'antar su a Morton, Illinois . A cikin kaka na 2009, ruwan sama a Illinois ya lalata noman kabewa na Libby, wanda, tare da rashin ƙarfi na 2008 amfanin gona da ke raguwar ajiyar wannan shekarar, ya haifar da ƙarancin da ya shafi ƙasar baki ɗaya a lokacin hutun godiya. Wani rashi, wanda ba shi da ɗan ƙaranci, ya shafi amfanin gona na 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=News - Pumpkin shortage in the U.S. has Canada to the rescue - The Weather Network |url=https://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/articles/pumpkin-shortage-in-the-us-has-canada-to-the-rescue/58621/ |website=www.theweathernetwork.com |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-date=2024-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619140333/https://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/articles/pumpkin-shortage-in-the-us-has-canada-to-the-rescue/58621/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Here's What Happened to the Great Pumpkin Shortage of 2015 |url=https://fortune.com/2015/11/26/thanksgiving-pumpkin-shortage/ |website=Fortune}}</ref> Noman kabewa a yammacin Amurka, wanda ya ƙunshi kusan kashi uku zuwa huɗu na amfanin gona na ƙasa, ana noma shi ne da farko don kasuwar ƙwayoyin cuta . Terry County, Texas, yana da ƙwararren masana'antar kabewa, wanda ya fi mayar da hankali kan ƙananan kabewa. <ref name="wherethepumpkinsgrow"/> Manomin Illinois Sarah Frey ana kiranta "Sarauniyar Kabewa ta Amurka" kuma tana sayar da kabewa kusan miliyan biyar a shekara, galibi don amfani da ita azaman Jack-o-lanterns. == Abinci mai gina jiki == A cikin {{Convert|100|g}} adadin, danyen kabewa yana samar da {{Convert|26|kcal|kJ}} na makamashi na abinci kuma shine kyakkyawan tushe (20% ko fiye da darajar Daily, DV) na provitamin A beta-carotene da bitamin A (47% DV) (tebur). [[Vitamin C]] yana cikin matsakaicin abun ciki (10% DV), amma babu wasu ma'adanai da ke cikin adadi mai yawa (kasa da 10% DV, tebur). Kabewa shine 92% ruwa, 6.5% carbohydrate, 0.1% mai da furotin 1% (tebur). == Amfani == === Dafa abinci === [[Fayil:Pumpkin-Pie-Whole-Slice.jpg|right|thumb| Pumpkin kek shine sanannen hanyar shirya kabewa]] [[Fayil:Roasted_pumkin.jpg|right|thumb| Gasasshen kabewa]] Yawancin sassan shukar kabewa ana ci, gami da harsashi na jiki, tsaba, ganye, da furanni. Idan ya girma, ana iya dafa kabewar, ko tururi, ko gasa shi. ==== Harsashi da nama ==== A Arewacin Amirka, kabewa wani ɓangare ne na girbi na kaka na gargajiya, ana cinye su da gasashe, kamar kabewa da aka daka kuma a cikin miya da burodin kabewa . Pumpkin kek wani al'ada ne na al'ada na bukukuwan godiya na Kanada da Amurka. Pumpkin purée wani lokaci ana shirya shi kuma a daskare shi don amfani daga baya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Roberts |first=Tammy |title=Many uses for pumpkin |url=http://missourifamilies.org/features/nutritionarticles/nut199.htm |website=MissouriFamilies |publisher=University of Missouri Extension |access-date=2024-11-28 |archive-date=2020-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823222346/http://missourifamilies.org/features/nutritionarticles/nut199.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Fure-fure ==== [[Fayil:Pumpkin_flower.jpg|right|thumb| Furen kabewa, ɗaya daga cikin sassan shukar da ake ci]] Ana kuma cin ganyen kabewa a [[Zambiya|kasar Zambiya]], inda ake kiransa {{Transl|my|chibwabwa}} ana dafa shi a dafa shi da man gyada a matsayin abinci a gefe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pumpkin Leaves Chibwabwa |url=http://www.fao.org/in-action/inpho/resources/cookbook/detail/en/c/862/ |access-date=March 30, 2017 |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |archive-date=September 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919080835/https://www.fao.org/in-action/inpho/resources/cookbook/detail/en/c/862/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Tsaba ==== [[Fayil:Pumpkin_Seeds_(matured).jpg|thumb| Kabewa tsaba (balagagge)]] Kwayoyin kabewa, kuma aka sani da ''pepitas'', suna da wadataccen abinci da abinci mai gina jiki. Su kusan 1.5 ne&nbsp;cm (0.5&nbsp;a) dogo, lebur, mai asymmetrically m, launin kore mai haske kuma yawanci farar husk yana rufe shi, kodayake wasu nau'ikan kabewa suna samar da tsaba ba tare da su ba. Kwayoyin kabewa sanannen abun ciye-ciye ne da za a iya samun su a dunkule ko kuma a kai a kai a shagunan abinci. Kowane oza hidima, kabewa tsaba ne mai kyau tushen gina jiki, magnesium, jan karfe da kuma [[zinc]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nutrition facts for pumpkin seeds, whole, roasted, without salt |url=http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/nut-and-seed-products/3141/2 |access-date=September 1, 2012 |website=SELF Nutritiondata |publisher=[[Condé Nast Publications]]}}</ref> Man kabewa mai kauri ne da ake matse shi daga gasasshen tsaba wanda ya bayyana ja ko kore a launi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kreft |first=S. |last2=Kreft |first2=M. |year=2007 |title=Physicochemical and physiological basis of dichromatic colour |journal=Naturwissenschaften |volume=94 |issue=11 |pages=935–939 |bibcode=2007NW.....94..935K |doi=10.1007/s00114-007-0272-9 |pmid=17534588 |s2cid=33069967}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaernbach |first=C. |last2=Dörre |first2=C. |year=2006 |title=On the color of transparent substances, in Current Psychological Research in Austria |url=http://www.uni-kiel.de/psychologie/emotion/team/kaernbach/lehre/bio/kaernoel.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Proceedings of the 7th Scientific Conference of the Austrian Psychological Society (ÖGP) |location=Klagenfurt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104031033/http://www.uni-kiel.de/psychologie/emotion/team/kaernbach/lehre/bio/kaernoel.pdf |archive-date=November 4, 2009}}</ref> Idan aka yi amfani da shi wajen dafa abinci ko a matsayin miya, ana haɗa man kabewa da sauran mai saboda ƙaƙƙarfan ɗanɗanon sa. Man iri na kabewa ya ƙunshi fatty acid kamar su oleic acid da alpha-linolenic acid . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Oil Pumpkins: Niche for Organic Producers |url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/ncnu07/pdfs/bavec185-189.pdf |access-date=September 2, 2012 |website=Issues in new crops and new uses |publisher=Purdue University Agriculture, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2wnffpmdydyiite08q3ko1qeqb6td5l 0 6363 827778 668545 2026-04-29T18:23:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Jos nigeria01.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Jos.]] [[File:Bukuru Jos North Mountain.jpg|thumb|Jos North mountain]] [[File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 030 The Jos Ceremony. Procession of a tribe on a soccer field with a grandstand. Women with headscarves. Police on horseback - Jos.jpg|thumb|mutanen Jos]] [[File:Lamigo Dam Jos, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Jos river]] [[File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 032 The Jos Ceremony. Horsemen with spears and sticks - Jos.jpg|thumb|Al'adun jos]] [[File:Barikin-Ladi Post Office, Jos-Plateau State.jpg|thumb|barikin-ladi post ofis]] [[Fayil:Waterfall in Jos.jpg|thumb|Yanda Ruwa ki zuba a jos]] [[Fayil:Olho de papagaio.jpg|thumb|jos birni ne a jahar Platu steta]] '''Jos,''' birni ne, da ke a [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Plateau]], a ƙasar [[Nijeriya]].Plateau ita ne babban birnin jihar. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a da akayi a shekara ta 2006, jimillar mutane 873,943, (dubu dari takwas da saba'in da uku da dari tara da arba'in da uku). An kuma gina birnin Jos a farkon ƙarni na ashirin (20).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.plateaustate.gov.ng/plateau/history |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2020-02-09 |archive-date=2020-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203105104/http://www.plateaustate.gov.ng/plateau/history |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>National Population Commission (NPC). (2006). ''2006 Population and Housing Census of the Federal Republic of Nigeria: National and State Population and Housing Tables: Priority Tables (Volume I)''. Abuja, Nigeria: NPC.</ref><ref>Falola, T., & Heaton, M. M. (2008). ''A History of Nigeria''. Cambridge University Press.</ref> ==Ƙananan hukumomi.== Jihar [[jos]] dake a Nijeriya tana da ka nanan hukumomi guda goma sha bakwai (17) a cikin jahar *[[Barkin Ladi]] . *[[Bassa]]. *[[Bokkos]]. *[[Jos ta Gabas]]. *[[Jos North]]. *[[Jos South]]. *[[Kanam]]. *[[Kanke]]. *[[Langtang North]]. *[[Langtang South]]. *[[Mangu]]. *[[Mikang]]. *[[Pankshin]]. *[[Qua’an Pan]]. *[[Riyom]]. *[[Shendam]]. *[[Wase]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Local_Government_Areas_in_Plateau_State |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2019-09-03 |archive-date=2019-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903182212/https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Local_Government_Areas_in_Plateau_State |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>'''National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). (2010).''' ''Annual Abstract of Statistics.'' Abuja, Nigeria.</ref><ref>www.nipost.gov.ng</ref> ==Yanayi (Climate).== ==Manazarta.== {{DEFAULTSORT:Jos}} [[Category:Biranen Nijeriya]] 6fwv5ffhxvtzg0bjk29pji3xiyv08rp 0 8779 827956 722850 2026-04-30T11:08:17Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 827956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Muammar al-Gaddafi 1-1.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Vladimir Putin with Muammar Gaddafi-2.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi tare da shugaban Rasha]] '''Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi''' Lafazi; (/ˈmoʊəmɑːr ɡəˈdɑːfi/;. Ya rayu daga shekara ta 1942 zuwa ranar 20 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2011), ''Muammar al-Gaddafi'' da larabci: '''معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي'''. Amfi saninsa da ''Konel Gaddafi'' ko '''Gaddafi''', Ya kuma kasance ɗan gwagwarmayar kasar [[Libya]] ne, Ɗan siyasa, kuma mai taimakon mutanensa. Ya mulki Kasar [[Libiya]] matsayin sa na jagoran juyin mulkin da ta samar da Jamhoriyar [[Larabawa]] ta [[Libya]] wato ''Libyan Arab Republic'' da turanci, tun daga shekara ta 1969 har zuwa 1977, sannan kuma aka canja sunan jagorancinsa zuwa ''Shugaba Dan'uwa'' wato "Brotherly Leader" na babban jam'iyar talakawa, da akafi sanida ''Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya'' tun daga shekara ta 1977 har zuwa shekaran 2011. Gaddafi yakasance dan rajin cigaban larabawa ne amma daga baya ana ganin ya watsar da hakan ya fara bin ra'ayin Kansa. Gaddafi ya riƙe muƙamai da dama aciki da wajen ƙasarsa, daga ciki ya riƙe Shugaban ƙungiyar ƙasashen [[Afirka|Afirika]] wato ''African Union'' (AU) daga biyu ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 2009 har zuwa talatin da daya ga watan Janairu. Gaddafi yayi karatunsa a Jami'ar Ƙasar [[Libya]] da kuma [[Jami'ar Soji ta Benghazi]], Gaddafi musulmi ne, mai bin ahlus-[[Sunnah]], wato sunni Islam. ==Tarihinsa== An haife Gaddafi a kusa da garin [[Sirte]] daga gidan talakawa makiyayan Larabawa, Gaddafi mai matukar kishin Larabawa ne tun yana makaranta a [[Sabha]], daga nan ya shiga ''Royal Military Academy'', [[Benghazi]]. Yana cikin soja ne yahada kungiyar data kifar da mulkin turawan yamma a ƙasar wanda suke amfani da sarkin ƙasar na wancan lokacin wato Senussi Mulkin Idris a shekarar 1969. Daga amsar mulki, Gaddafi ya sauya Libiya daga mulkin sarauta zuwa jamhoriya inda yan gwagwarmayarsa ke mulki da umurninsa. Daga nanne ya kora dukkani [[Italiya]]wa da turawan dake da sansani a kasar zuwa kasashen su, kuma ya karfafa dangantakarsa da sauran kasashen Larabawa, musamman da Shugaba [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]'s na kasar [[Misra]] (Egypt) tare da Neman hadin kan kasashen [[Afirika]]. Gaddafi ya kafa [[Shari'a]] a matsayin abun gudanar da dokokin kasar, tare da daukan tsarin jagoranci [[musulunci]]. Ya mayar da arzikin man fetur ɗin ƙasar mallakar gwamnati kuma ya rika amfani da kudaden domin karfafa sojojin ƙasar, da taimakawa kasashen waje, da taimakawa mutane wurin ginin gidaje, kiwon lafiya, ilimi da sauransu. [[Fayil:Muammar al-Gaddafi at the AU summit.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Muammar al-Gaddafi-30112006.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Muammar al-Gaddafi-1-30112006.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Muammar Gaddafi and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in Tripoli 2008.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Colonel Gaddafi (cropped).jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Gaddafi 1976 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] Gaddafi ya sauya fasalin ƙasar [[Libya]] zuwa mulkin ɗaya Kira "Jamahiriya" wato Kasar Al'ummah da turanci ("state of the masses") a shekarar 1977. A shekara ta 1970s zuwa 1980s, yakin iyaka tsakanin [[Libya]] da ƙasashen [[Misra]] da [[Cadi]] da taimakon yan tawayen ƙasashen waje, da zargin da ake masa na ɗaukan nauyin Lockerbie bombing a ƙasar [[Scotland]] yasa ƙasar tazama saniyar ware a duniya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gaddafi, Muammar}} [[Category:Mutanen Libya]] [[Category:Shugabannin Libya]] 0q3u6coz6uzg1k8y8c745krc1yxqynw 827958 827956 2026-04-30T11:14:30Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Tarihinsa */ 827958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Muammar al-Gaddafi 1-1.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Vladimir Putin with Muammar Gaddafi-2.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi tare da shugaban Rasha]] '''Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi''' Lafazi; (/ˈmoʊəmɑːr ɡəˈdɑːfi/;. Ya rayu daga shekara ta 1942 zuwa ranar 20 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2011), ''Muammar al-Gaddafi'' da larabci: '''معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي'''. Amfi saninsa da ''Konel Gaddafi'' ko '''Gaddafi''', Ya kuma kasance ɗan gwagwarmayar kasar [[Libya]] ne, Ɗan siyasa, kuma mai taimakon mutanensa. Ya mulki Kasar [[Libiya]] matsayin sa na jagoran juyin mulkin da ta samar da Jamhoriyar [[Larabawa]] ta [[Libya]] wato ''Libyan Arab Republic'' da turanci, tun daga shekara ta 1969 har zuwa 1977, sannan kuma aka canja sunan jagorancinsa zuwa ''Shugaba Dan'uwa'' wato "Brotherly Leader" na babban jam'iyar talakawa, da akafi sanida ''Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya'' tun daga shekara ta 1977 har zuwa shekaran 2011. Gaddafi yakasance dan rajin cigaban larabawa ne amma daga baya ana ganin ya watsar da hakan ya fara bin ra'ayin Kansa. Gaddafi ya riƙe muƙamai da dama aciki da wajen ƙasarsa, daga ciki ya riƙe Shugaban ƙungiyar ƙasashen [[Afirka|Afirika]] wato ''African Union'' (AU) daga biyu ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 2009 har zuwa talatin da daya ga watan Janairu. Gaddafi yayi karatunsa a Jami'ar Ƙasar [[Libya]] da kuma [[Jami'ar Soji ta Benghazi]], Gaddafi musulmi ne, mai bin ahlus-[[Sunnah]], wato sunni Islam. ==Tarihinsa== An haife Gaddafi a kusa da garin [[Sirte]] daga gidan talakawa makiyayan Larabawa, Gaddafi mai matukar kishin Larabawa ne tun yana makaranta a [[Sabha]], daga nan ya shiga ''Royal Military Academy'', [[Benghazi]]. Yana cikin soja ne da yahada kungiyar data kifar da mulkin turawan yamma a ƙasar wanda suke amfani da sarkin ƙasar na wancan lokacin wato Senussi Mulkin Idris a shekarar 1969. Daga amsar mulki, Gaddafi ya sauya Libiya daga mulkin sarauta zuwa jamhoriya inda yan gwagwarmayarsa ke mulki da umurninsa. Daga nanne ya kora dukkani [[Italiya]]wa da turawan dake da sansani a kasar zuwa kasashen su, kuma ya karfafa dangantakarsa da sauran kasashen Larabawa, musamman da Shugaba [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]'s na kasar [[Misra]] (Egypt) tare da Neman hadin kan kasashen [[Afirika]]. Gaddafi ya kafa [[Shari'a]] a matsayin abun gudanar da dokokin kasar, tare da daukan tsarin jagoranci [[musulunci]]. Ya mayar da arzikin man fetur ɗin ƙasar mallakar gwamnati kuma ya rika amfani da kudaden domin karfafa sojojin ƙasar, da taimakawa kasashen waje, da taimakawa mutane wurin ginin gidaje, kiwon lafiya, ilimi da sauransu. [[Fayil:Muammar al-Gaddafi at the AU summit.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Muammar al-Gaddafi-30112006.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Muammar al-Gaddafi-1-30112006.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Muammar Gaddafi and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in Tripoli 2008.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Colonel Gaddafi (cropped).jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Gaddafi 1976 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] Gaddafi ya sauya fasalin ƙasar [[Libya]] zuwa mulkin ɗaya Kira "Jamahiriya" wato Kasar Al'ummah da turanci ("state of the masses") a shekarar 1977. A shekara ta 1970s zuwa 1980s, yakin iyaka tsakanin [[Libya]] da ƙasashen [[Misra]] da [[Cadi]] da taimakon yan tawayen ƙasashen waje, da zargin da ake masa na ɗaukan nauyin Lockerbie bombing a ƙasar [[Scotland]] yasa ƙasar tazama saniyar ware a duniya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gaddafi, Muammar}} [[Category:Mutanen Libya]] [[Category:Shugabannin Libya]] ndsb2z2mp8vyt5ca6jsxk4lpx8g13jm 827961 827958 2026-04-30T11:46:45Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Tarihinsa */ 827961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Muammar al-Gaddafi 1-1.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Vladimir Putin with Muammar Gaddafi-2.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi tare da shugaban Rasha]] '''Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi''' Lafazi; (/ˈmoʊəmɑːr ɡəˈdɑːfi/;. Ya rayu daga shekara ta 1942 zuwa ranar 20 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2011), ''Muammar al-Gaddafi'' da larabci: '''معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي'''. Amfi saninsa da ''Konel Gaddafi'' ko '''Gaddafi''', Ya kuma kasance ɗan gwagwarmayar kasar [[Libya]] ne, Ɗan siyasa, kuma mai taimakon mutanensa. Ya mulki Kasar [[Libiya]] matsayin sa na jagoran juyin mulkin da ta samar da Jamhoriyar [[Larabawa]] ta [[Libya]] wato ''Libyan Arab Republic'' da turanci, tun daga shekara ta 1969 har zuwa 1977, sannan kuma aka canja sunan jagorancinsa zuwa ''Shugaba Dan'uwa'' wato "Brotherly Leader" na babban jam'iyar talakawa, da akafi sanida ''Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya'' tun daga shekara ta 1977 har zuwa shekaran 2011. Gaddafi yakasance dan rajin cigaban larabawa ne amma daga baya ana ganin ya watsar da hakan ya fara bin ra'ayin Kansa. Gaddafi ya riƙe muƙamai da dama aciki da wajen ƙasarsa, daga ciki ya riƙe Shugaban ƙungiyar ƙasashen [[Afirka|Afirika]] wato ''African Union'' (AU) daga biyu ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 2009 har zuwa talatin da daya ga watan Janairu. Gaddafi yayi karatunsa a Jami'ar Ƙasar [[Libya]] da kuma [[Jami'ar Soji ta Benghazi]], Gaddafi musulmi ne, mai bin ahlus-[[Sunnah]], wato sunni Islam. ==Tarihinsa== An haife Gaddafi a kusa da garin [[Sirte]] daga gidan talakawa makiyayan Larabawa, Gaddafi mai matukar kishin Larabawa ne tun yana makaranta a [[Sabha]], daga nan ya shiga ''Royal Military Academy'', [[Benghazi]]. Yana cikin soja ne da yahada kungiyar data kifar da mulkin turawan yamma a ƙasar wanda suke amfani da sarkin ƙasar na wancan lokacin wato Senussi Mulkin Idris a shekarar 1969. Daga amsar mulki, Gaddafi ya sauya Libiya daga mulkin sarauta zuwa jamhoriya inda yan gwagwarmayarsa ke mulki da umurninsa. Daga nanne ya kora dukkani [[Italiya]]wa da turawan dake da sansani a kasar zuwa kasashen su, kuma ya karfafa dangantakarsa da sauran kasashen Larabawa, musamman da Shugaba [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]'s na kasar [[Misra]] (Egypt) tare da Neman hadin kan kasashen [[Afirika]]. Gaddafi ya kafa [[Shari'a]] a matsayin abun gudanar da dokokin kasar, tare da daukan tsarin jagoranci [[musulunci]]. Ya mayar da arzikin man fetur ɗin ƙasar mallakar gwamnati kuma ya rika amfani da kudaden domin karfafa sojojin ƙasar, da taimakawa kasashen waje, da taimakawa mutane wurin ginin gidaje, kiwon lafiya, ilimi da sauransu. [[Fayil:Muammar al-Gaddafi at the AU summit.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Muammar al-Gaddafi-30112006.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Muammar al-Gaddafi-1-30112006.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Muammar Gaddafi and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in Tripoli 2008.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Colonel Gaddafi (cropped).jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] [[Fayil:Gaddafi 1976 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi]] Gaddafi ya sauya fasalin ƙasar [[Libya]] zuwa mulkin ɗaya Kira "Jamhoriya" wato Kasar Al'ummah da turanci ("state of the masses") a shekarar 1977. A shekara ta 1970s zuwa 1980s, yakin iyaka tsakanin [[Libya]] da ƙasashen [[Misra]] da [[Cadi]] da taimakon yan tawayen ƙasashen waje, da zargin da ake masa na ɗaukan nauyin Lockerbie bombing a ƙasar [[Scotland]] yasa ƙasar tazama saniyar ware a duniya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gaddafi, Muammar}} [[Category:Mutanen Libya]] [[Category:Shugabannin Libya]] 85e9dm20vxicvkh1rj5k9r6uxo5vpyk 0 14519 827751 722538 2026-04-29T17:09:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jon Fortt''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba, 1976) ɗan jaridar Amurika ne<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jon Fortt {{!}} Sam Whitmore's Media Survey|url=https://www.mediasurvey.com/cms/taxonomy/term/766|access-date=2020-07-21|website=www.mediasurvey.com|archive-date=2020-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722084953/https://www.mediasurvey.com/cms/taxonomy/term/766|url-status=dead}}</ref> sannan yana watsa labaran [[CNBC]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jon Fortt {{!}} C-SPAN.org|url=https://www.c-span.org/person/?johfortt|access-date=2020-07-21|website=www.c-span.org}}</ref> na [[Squawk Alley]] wanda ke fitowa daga Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta New York.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jon Fortt {{!}} Aspen Ideas|url=https://www.aspenideas.org/speakers/jon-fortt?fbrefresh=1595370498|access-date=2020-07-21|website=Aspen Ideas Festival|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-07-11|title=Jon Fortt|url=https://www.cnbc.com/jon-fortt/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> Shine ya ƙirƙiri kuma mai masaukin baki na Fortt Knox,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-16|title=Fortt Knox|url=https://www.cnbc.com/fortt-knox/|access-date=2020-07-27|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> masanin fasaha, jagoranci da kuma sabon abu wanda ya wanzu azaman fayel<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Fortt Knox|url=https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=125061|access-date=2020-07-27|website=www.stitcher.com|language=en}}</ref> da shirin (streaming program)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fortt Knox - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8Tffzr12XPmdEevbOg3I9g|access-date=2020-07-27|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> tun daga 2016 kuma yanzu yana da matakin farko akan Linkedin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A New Home and Format for Fortt Knox, on LinkedIn Live|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/new-home-format-fortt-knox-linkedin-live-jon-fortt|access-date=2020-07-27|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}</ref> A shirin<ref>{{Cite web|title=CNBC TV Commercial, 'Fortt Knox Podcast'|url=http://www.ispot.tv/ad/wc_D/cnbc-tt-knox-podcast|access-date=2020-07-27|website=iSpot.tv|language=en}}</ref> ya yi hira da ‘yan kasuwa, shuwagabanni da mashahuran mutane da suka haɗa da [[Michael Dell]], [[Adena Friedman]], [[Reid Hoffman]], [[Daymond John]], [[Satya Nadella]], [[Katrina Lake]], [[Michael Phelps]], [[Q-Tip (musician)]] da [[Gene Simmons]].<ref name=":0" /> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[File:L-22-10-25-C-322 (52454601573).jpg|thumb|Jon Fortt]] An haifi Fortt a [[Long Island, New York]]. Daga baya danginsa suka koma Washington, DC Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta [[Montgomery Blair High School]], inda a shekarar sa ta farko ya sami kyautar Karatuttukan ilimin aikin jarida na Knight-Ridder Minority.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Good Fit|url=https://www.depauw.edu/news-media/latest-news/details/31698/|access-date=2020-07-27|website=DePauw University|language=en|archive-date=2020-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727051321/https://www.depauw.edu/news-media/latest-news/details/31698/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya halarci [[DePauw University|Jami'ar DePauw]] kuma ya kammala karatun Digiri na farko a fannin Fasaha a Turanci.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CNBC's Jon Fortt '98 to Receive DePauw's Young Alumni Award|url=https://www.depauw.edu/news-media/latest-news/details/30925/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=DePauw University|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-07-11|title=Jon Fortt|url=https://www.cnbc.com/jon-fortt/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Fortt ya fara aikinsa na kwaleji a Lexington [[Herald-Leader]] a [[Lexington, Kentucky]], inda aka ba shi fasahar ta doke a 1999 bayan da wani mai ba da rahoto ya daina aiki. Daga baya wannan shekarar ya koma California don shiga [[San Jose Mercury News]], jaridar garin [[Silicon Valley]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=TECH REALITY CHECK WITH JON FORTT|url=http://www.athleisuremag.com/the-latest/2018/3/13/tech-reality-check-with-jon-fortt|access-date=2020-07-21|website=Athleisure Mag |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=BlackFacts.com|title=Jon Fortt, Journalist|url=https://www.blackfacts.com/fact/jon-fortt-journalist|access-date=2020-07-21|website=Blackfacts.com|language=en-US}}</ref> A 2006 ya je mujallar [[Business 2.0]] a matsayin babban edita mai kula da sashen shirin "What Works".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-07-08|title=Fortt to join CNBC from Fortune|url=https://talkingbiznews.com/they-talk-biz-news/fortt-joins-cnbc-from-fortune/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=Talking Biz News|language=en-US}}</ref> A 2007, ya shiga [[Fortune Magazine|Mujallar Fortune]] a matsayin babban marubuci wanda ya shafi manyan kamfanoni da suka haɗa da Apple, Hewlett-Packard da Microsoft.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Jon Fortt|url=https://fortune.com/2009/08/06/about-jon-fortt/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=Fortune|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Chief information officers get sexy - Feb. 12, 2009|url=https://money.cnn.com/2009/02/11/technology/cios.fortune/index.htm?postversion=2009021204|access-date=2020-07-21|website=money.cnn.com}}</ref> [[File:L-22-10-25-C-135 (52454095261).jpg|thumb|Jon Fortt]] Fortt ya fara aiki wa [[CNBC]] a cikin shekara ta 2010 a matsayin mai ba da labari na tushen silicon Valley.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Speaker details|url=http://www.citeconference.com/ereg/popups/speakerdetails.php?eventid=29527&language=eng&speakerid=40348&|access-date=2020-07-21|website=www.citeconference.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cohen{{!}}July 8|first=David|last2=2010|title=CNBC Adds Jon Fortt as Tech Correspondent|url=https://www.adweek.com/digital/cnbc-adds-jon-fortt-as-tech-correspondent/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=www.adweek.com|language=en-US}}</ref> CNBC ta kawo shi hedkwatar yankin ta New York a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=@Work Livestream Series|url=https://www.cnbcevents.com/work-livestream/|access-date=2020-07-22|website=CNBC Events|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1976]] 2j42ezpuz7esqaiv3bhoksvp0y3l0f7 0 16359 827869 710421 2026-04-29T22:50:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kady Traoré''' (an haifeta ranar 18 ga watan Maris, shekara t 1979) 'yar fim ce ta Burkinabé, darakta a fim, kuma furodusa ce. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Traoré a [[Bobo-Dioulasso]] a shekarar 1979. Ta yi karatu a ISIS (Babban Cibiyar Hoto da Sauti) a [[Ouagadougou]].<ref name="africultures">{{cite web |title=Kady Traore |url=http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=11717 |website=Africultures |accessdate=1 November 2020 |language=French}}</ref><ref name="sawadogo">{{cite web |last1=Sawadogo |first1=Parfait |title=CINEMA : Kady TRAORÉ, Réalisatrice Talentueuse Et Chevronnée Du Burkina. |url=https://infosculturedufaso.net/cinema-kady-traore-realisatrice-talentueuse-et-chevronnee-du-burkina/ |website=Infos Culture du Faso |accessdate=1 November 2020 |language=French |date=27 May 2019}}</ref> Ta fara wasan kwaikwayo ne a shekarar 1998, a cikin shirin TV ''A nous la vie'', wanda Toussaint Tiendrébéogo ya jagoranta. A cikin shekara ta 2001, Traoré ya kuma fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na Issouf Tapsoba ''Les jeunes branchés'' . A wannan shekarar, ta yi fice a cikin ''Gomtiogo'' . A cikin shekarar 2008, ta buga Timy, 'yar'uwar' yar'uwar Ousmane wacce ke da dangantaka da Sufeto Marc, a cikin [[wasan kwaikwayo]] na 'yan sanda na ''Super flics''. [[Fayil:Rapport - Restitution Wikiconvention francophone 2023 à Daloa.pdf|thumb|Kady Traoré]] A cikin shekarar 2014,Kady Traoré ce ta ba da umarnin ''siyarwa'', fim ɗinta na farko. Ta ba da labarin wani mutum ne wanda yake sayar da gidansa da wurin wanka da allon masu siya, har zuwa ƙarshe yana sayarwa ga wasu ma'aurata. Namiji ya ƙare da soyayya da matashiyar matar. Ta jagoranci ''Conflit conjugal'' a cikin shekarar 2017, wanda yasa tana ɗaya daga cikin fina-finai biyu don karɓar kyautar ''Succès Cinema [[Burkina Faso]]'' a bikin Fina-finai da Talabijin na Panafrican na Ouagadougou . A cikin shekarar 2018, Traota ya ba da umarnin ''Prejuge'', wanda aka samar ta amfani da tallafi daga Labarin Fim na Ouaga. Ta kafa kamfanin samar da Athena Films.<ref name="sawadogo"/> == Rayuwarta == Kady Traoré ta auri mawaƙi Smockey ( Serge Martin Bambara ) a ranar 31 ga Watan Janairun Shekara ta 2008. Ma'auratan suna da yara biyu. == Fina-finai == === 'Yar wasa === * 1998 : ''Nous la vie'' (Jerin TV) * 2001 : ''Les jeunes rassan'' (jerin TV) * 2001 : ''Gomtiogo'' * 2004 : ''Traque à Ouaga'' * 2005 : ''Dossier brûlant'' * 2005 : ''Lambar phénix'' * 2006 : ''L'or des Younga'' * 2008 : ''Super flics'' kamar yadda Timy (TV jerin) * 2014 : ''Waga soyayya'' kamar Sandra (TV series) === Darakta === * 2014 : ''Mai sayarwa'' * 2017 : ''Raba juna'' * 2018 : ''Prejuge'' * 2019 : ''Femme au Foyer'' (TV jerin) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.spla.pro/file.person.kady-traore.11717.html SPLA bayanin martaba]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1979]] kh66cp923zet5habcfwequ7rt9z0gqa 0 16371 827725 711904 2026-04-29T13:06:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jesesi Mungoshi''' ko kuma '''Jesese Mungoshi,''' yar'wasan [[kwaikwayo]] ce ta ƙasar [[Zimbabwe]]. Ta fara fitowa a karon farko a [[Shekarar Dawowa, Ghana kuma acikin 2019|shekarar]] alif na1989, a fim mai taken, ''[[African National Congress|African]] [[Journey to Self|Journey]]''. == Ayyuka == A farkon bayyanarta, an gabatar da Mungoshi a cikin shekara ta 1989 da kuma wacce ta biyo bayan shekara ta 1990 kashi biyu na fim ɗin gidan telebijin na George Bloomfield, ''African Journey'', wanda kuma ya haska: Jason Blicker, Katja Blomquist, Allan Jordan, Ulla Mahaka da sauransu. Acikin shekarar 1991, an saka ta a fim din Godwin Mawuru mai suna, ''Neria'', inda ta fito a matsayin "Neria". Sauran 'yan wasan sune Dominic Kanaveli da Violet Ndlovu da sauransu. Hakanan, an saka ta ne a cikin gajeren fim na cikin shekara ta 1993 da Farai Sevenzo mai taken, ''Rwendo'', wanda ta fito tare da Yemi Goodman Ajibade, Ben Daniels, Eldinah Tshatedi da Frank Windsor . Acikin shekarar 2017, ta fito a fim din barkwanci-soyayya, ''Cook Off'', wanda Tomas Brickhill ya bayar da umarnin, inda ta taka rawar gani a matsayin "Gogo".<ref name=CO>{{Cite web |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt7981318/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i3 |title=Cook Off (2017) |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=November 18, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stylist.co.uk/life/netflix-cook-off-film-review-plot-cast-true-story-movie-news/395241 |title=Netflix’s Cook Off: everything you need to know about this record-breaking film |last=Dray |first=Kayleigh |publisher=Stylist |access-date=November 19, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newframe.com/film-review-cook-off/ |title=Film Review {{!}} Cook Off |publisher=New Frame |access-date=November 19, 2020 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125113618/https://www.newframe.com/film-review-cook-off/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/durban-rising-star-tendai-chitima-and-veteran-jesesi-mungoshi-in-zims-first-post-mugabe-film/ |title=DURBAN: Rising star Tendai Chitima and veteran Jesesi Mungoshi in Zim’s first post-Mugabe film |date=July 22, 2018 |publisher=Africa News Agency |website=New Zimbabwe |access-date=November 19, 2020}}</ref> Fim ɗin, kasancewar shi ne na farko da aka samar a Zimbabwe bayan dogon mulkin [[Robert Mugabe]], an fara shi ne a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] a ranar 27 ga watan Yulin,shekara ta 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-166840.html |title=Zimbabwe's first post-Mugabe feature film - to premiere in the UK |date=July 25, 2019 |publisher=Bulawayo24 |access-date=November 19, 2020 |archive-date=March 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302075812/https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-166840.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dangane da irin gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar fina-finai ta Zimbabwe, an karrama ta da lambar yabo ta Rayuwa ta Babbar Jami'ar Zimbabwe a watan Mayun 2017 a Masvingo . Fim dinta nacikin shekarar 2020, ''Shaina'', wanda ta kasance tare da sauran 'yan [[Zimbabwe]] kamar: Marian Kunonga, Charmaine Mujeri da sauransu, an samu yabo sosai a kasashen waje.<ref name=Sha>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/us-embassy-praises-zimbabwe-film-production-shaina/ |title=US embassy praises Zimbabwe film production, Shaina |last=Makuwe |first=Munashe |date=August 22, 2020 |publisher=New Zimbabwe |location=London |access-date=November 19, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.usaid.gov/zimbabwe/press-releases/new-movie-%E2%80%9Cshaina%E2%80%9D-delivers-powerful-health-messages |title=NEW MOVIE “SHAINA” DELIVERS POWERFUL HEALTH MESSAGES THROUGH A COMPELLING STORY ABOUT YOUNG ZIMBABWEANS |date=August 21, 2020 |publisher=USAID |access-date=November 19, 2020 |archive-date=May 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523185749/https://www.usaid.gov/zimbabwe/press-releases/new-movie-%E2%80%9Cshaina%E2%80%9D-delivers-powerful-health-messages |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nextvafrica.com/ztv-to-air-new-movie-shaina-in-zimbabwe/ |title=ZTV TO AIR NEW MOVIE ‘SHAINA’ IN ZIMBABWE |last=Darmalingum |first=Yuveshen |publisher=NextTV Africa |date=August 20, 2020 |access-date=November 19, 2020 |archive-date=November 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127061001/https://nextvafrica.com/ztv-to-air-new-movie-shaina-in-zimbabwe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202008210268.html |title=Zimbabwe: Shaina Premières On ZBCTV Today |date=August 21, 2020 |publisher=The Herald |location=Harare |last=Zimoyo |first=Tafadzwa |website=All Africa |access-date=November 19, 2020}}</ref> == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ref. |- | [[2020 in film|2020]] | ''Shaina'' | Jaruma | | <ref name=Sha/> |- | [[2019 in film|2019]] | ''Familiar'' | Jaruma | Play | <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/entertainment/danai-gurira-play-comes-to-harare-thursday/ |title=Danai Gurira play comes to Harare |date=September 18, 2019 |publisher=The Zimbabwe Mail |access-date=November 19, 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | [[2017 in film|2017]] | ''[[Cook Off (2017 film)|Cook Off]]'' | Actress (''Gogo'') | Comedy, Romance | <ref name=CO/> |- | [[1993 in film|1993]] | ''Rwendo'' | Actress | Short film, Drama | <ref name=Rwe>{{Cite web |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0981077/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i2 |title=Rwendo (1993) |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=November 18, 2020}}</ref> |- | [[1991 in film|1991]] | ''Neria'' | Actress (''Neria'') | Drama | <ref name=Ner/> |- | [[1989 in film|1989]] and [[1990 in film|1990]] | ''African Journey'' | Actress (''Themba'') | TV movie, Family | <ref name=AJ>{{Cite web |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0297706/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i6 |title=African Journey (1989) |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=November 19, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0264337/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i4 |title=African Journey (1990) |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=November 18, 2020}}</ref> |} == Amincewa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Taron / Mai Kaya ! Kyauta ! Mai karɓa ! Sakamakon |- | 2017 | GZU | ''Kyautar Gwanin Rayuwa'' | Kanta | {{won}} |} == Rayuwarta == Ta auri marubuci, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma mawaƙi ɗan ƙasar Zimbabwe, [[Charles Mungoshi]], wanda, a cewar ''The Zimbabwe Mail'' da ''This is Africa'' reporters, ya mutu a ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairu,shekara ta 2019 a [[Harare]], [[Zimbabwe]] bayan rashin lafiya na shekaru 10 tana da shekaru 71. An albarkaci auren tare da yara biyar: Farai, Graham, Nyasha, Charles, da Tsitsi, kuma a lokacin mutuwarsa suna da jikoki bakwai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/zimbabwe/author-and-actor-charles-mungoshi-dead-at-71-family-announces/ |title=Author and actor Charles Mungoshi dead at 71, family announces |date=February 16, 2019 |publisher=The Zimbabwe Mail |access-date=November 19, 2020 |archive-date=November 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127034429/https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/zimbabwe/author-and-actor-charles-mungoshi-dead-at-71-family-announces/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201902190044.html |title=Zimbabwe: Charles Lovemore Mungoshi - Eulogy to Greatness |publisher=This is Africa |date=February 18, 2019 |location=Hilversum |last=Chatora |first=Andrew |website=All Africa |access-date=November 19, 2020}}</ref> Ma'auratan tare da ɗansu, Farai duk sun shiga harkar fim.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nehandaradio.com/2015/10/12/charles-mungoshi-does-the-big-screen/ |title=Charles Mungoshi does the big screen |date=October 12, 2015 |last=Moyo |first=Andrew |publisher=Mahanda Radio |access-date=November 19, 2020}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm0612822/ Jesese Mungoshi] akan [[IMDb]] * [https://flixable.com/actor/?name=Jesese+Mungoshi Jesese Mungoshi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028175502/https://flixable.com/actor/?name=Jesese+Mungoshi |date=2021-10-28 }} akan Flixable teobkdtajek9v1cgmz5f4udf9zlfmus 0 17638 827883 732875 2026-04-30T01:08:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Karbala''' ko '''sahara''' ( {{Lang-ar|كَرْبَلَاء|Karbalāʾ}}  [karbalaːʔ], /k ɑːr b ə l ə / KAR -bə-lə, <small>kuma</small> US : / ˌ k ɑːr b ə l ɑː / KAR -bə- Lah . ) birni ne, da ke a yankin tsakiyar [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], wanda yake kusa da {{Convert|100|km|mi}} kudu maso yamma na [[Bagdaza|Baghdad]], da kuma 'yan mil mil gabas na Tafkin Milh, wanda aka fi sani da Lake Razzaza. Karbala ita ce babban birnin Masarautar Karbala, kuma tana da kimanin mutane 700,000 (2015). [[Fayil:Karbala City 3.jpg|thumb|Karbala]] Garin, wanda aka fi sani da wurin da aka yi Yaƙin Karbala a cikin shekara ta 680&nbsp;CE, ko wuraren bautar Imam Husayn da na Abbas, <ref name="Shimoni & Levine, 1974, p. 160">Shimoni & Levine, 1974, p. 160.</ref> <ref name="Aghaie, 2004, pp. 10-11">Aghaie, 2004, pp. 10–11.</ref> ana ɗauke da shi a matsayin birni mai tsarki ga [[Shi'a|musulmin Shi’a]], daidai da [[Makkah|garin Makka]], [[Madinah|Madina]] da Urushalima . Miliyoyin miliyoyin 'yan Shi'a na ziyartar wurin sau biyu a shekara, suna kishiyar [[Makkah|Makka]] da [[Mashhad]] da yawan mahajjata a kowace shekara. Miliyoyin ‘yan Shi’a ne ke tuna shahadar [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|Husayn bn Ali kowace shekara.]] Kimanin mahajjata miliyan 8 ne suka ziyarci garin don yin ''bikin ʿĀshūrāʾ'' (rana ta goma ga watan [[Muharram]] ), wanda ke nuna ranar da Husayn ya mutu, amma babban taron shi ne ''Arbaʿīn'' (rana ta 40 bayan 'Ashura'), inda har zuwa Miliyan 30 suka ziyarci kaburbura. Mafi yawan mahajjatan suna tafiya ne a kafa daga duk kewayen kasar Iraki da kuma sama da kasashe 56. == Bayanin Lantarki == Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa a tsakanin masu bincike daban-daban, game da asalin kalmar "Karbala". Wasu sun nuna cewa "Karbala" yana da alaƙa da yaren "Karbalato", yayin da wasu kuma suke ƙoƙari su sami ma'anar kalmar "Karbala" ta hanyar nazarin yadda ake rubuta ta da kuma yarenta. Sun yanke hukuncin cewa ya samo asali ne daga kalmar larabci "Kar Babel" wacce ta kasance tsohuwar ƙauyukan Babila waɗanda suka haɗa da Nainawa, Al-Ghadiriyya, Karbella (Karb Illu. Kamar yadda yake a Arba Illu [Arbil]), Al-Nawaweess, da Al- Mai hankali. Wannan sunan karshe a yau ana kiransa Al-Hair kuma anan ne [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|kabarin Husayn]] ibn Ali yake. Mai binciken Yaqut al-Hamawi ya nuna cewa ma'anar "Karbala" na iya samun bayanai da yawa, daya daga ciki ita ce, wurin da Husayn bn Ali ya yi shahada an yi shi ne daga kasa mai laushi- "Al-Karbalat". A cewar [[Shi'a|'yan Shi'ah]] da imani, cikin Mala'ikan [[Mala`ika Jibril|Gabriel]] ruwaito da gaskiya ma'anar sunan ''Karbala''' to [[Muhammad]] : a hade da ''Karb'' ( {{Lang-ar|كَرْب}} , Ƙasar da zai sa dayawa mãyen) da kuma ''Bala '('' {{Lang-ar|بَلَاء}} , masifu). " == Yanayi == Karbala tana fuskantar yanayin hamada mai zafi ( ''BWh'' a cikin yanayin yanayin yanayi na Köppen ) tare da tsananin zafi, doguwa, lokacin rani mai raɗaɗi da sanyin hunturu. Kusan dukkanin ruwan sama na shekara ana karɓar tsakanin watan Nuwamba zuwa watan Afrilu, kodayake babu watan da ke da ruwa.{{Weather box|width=auto|Oct precipitation mm=4.1|Sep low C=24.3|Oct low C=19.0|Nov low C=11.6|Dec low C=6.9|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=17.6|Feb precipitation mm=14.3|Mar precipitation mm=15.7|Apr precipitation mm=11.5|May precipitation mm=3.5|Jun precipitation mm=0.1|Jul precipitation mm=0.0|Aug precipitation mm=0.0|Sep precipitation mm=0.3|Nov precipitation mm=10.5|Jul low C=28.8|Dec precipitation mm=15.3|Jan precipitation days=7|Feb precipitation days=5|Mar precipitation days=6|Apr precipitation days=5|May precipitation days=3|Jun precipitation days=0|Jul precipitation days=0|Aug precipitation days=0|Sep precipitation days=0|Oct precipitation days=4|Nov precipitation days=5|Dec precipitation days=7|source 1=[[World Meteorological Organisation]] (UN)<ref name= WMO >{{cite web | url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/154/c01465.htm | title = World Weather Information Service – Karbala | access-date = 1 January 2011 | publisher = United Nations | archive-date = 7 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190107021708/http://worldweather.wmo.int/154/c01465.htm%0A%20 | url-status = dead }}</ref>|Aug low C=28.2|Jun low C=26.3|location=Karbala|Jan mean C=10.6|metric first=Y|single line=Y|Jan high C=15.7|Feb high C=18.8|Mar high C=23.6|Apr high C=30.6|May high C=36.9|Jun high C=41.5|Jul high C=43.9|Aug high C=43.6|Sep high C=40.2|Oct high C=33.3|Nov high C=23.7|Dec high C=17.6|Feb mean C=12.9|May low C=22.5|Mar mean C=17.4|Apr mean C=23.9|May mean C=29.7|Jun mean C=33.9|Jul mean C=36.4|Aug mean C=35.9|Sep mean C=32.3|Oct mean C=26.2|Nov mean C=17.7|Dec mean C=12.3|Jan low C=5.4|Feb low C=7.0|Mar low C=11.2|Apr low C=17.1|date=January 2011}}An yi Yaƙin Karbala a hamada a kan hanya zuwa Kufa a ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba 10, shekara ta 680&nbsp;(10 Muharram 61&nbsp;AH). Dukansu Husayn bin Ali da dan uwansa Abbas bin Ali sun binne su ne ta hanyar kabilar Banī Asad, a abin da daga baya ya zama sananne da ''Mashhad Al-Husayn'' . Yakin da kansa ya faru ne sakamakon kin amincewar Husain na bukatar Yazid I na neman yin mubaya'a ga khalifancinsa. Gwamnan Kufan, Ubaydallah bn Ziyad, ya aika da mahaya dubu talatin a kan Husayn yayin da yake tafiya zuwa [[Kufa]] . An umarci mahaya, a karkashin Umar bin Sa’ad, da su hana Husayn da mabiyansa ruwa domin tilasta Husayn ya yarda ya ba da bai’a. A ranar 9 ga watan Muharram, Husayn ya ƙi, kuma ya nemi a ba shi daren yin salla. A ranar 10 ga watan Muharram, Husayn bn Ali ya yi sallar asuba sannan ya jagoranci rundunarsa tare da dan uwansa Abbas. Da yawa daga cikin mabiyan Husayn, gami da dukkanin 'ya'yansa na yanzu Ali Akbar, Ali Asghar (dan wata shida) da yayansa Qassim, Aun da Muhammad an kashe su. <ref>al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir – History of the Prophets and Kings; Volume XIX The Caliphate of Yazid ibn Muawiyah, translated by I.K.A Howard, SUNY Press, 1991</ref> A cikin 63&nbsp;AH (682&nbsp;), Yazid bn Mu'awiya ya saki sauran dangin Husayn daga gidan yari. A kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Makka, sun tsaya a wurin da aka gwabza yakin. Akwai rikodin Sulayman bn Surad da zai je aikin hajji a wurin tun a farkon 65 AH (685 CE). Birnin ya fara zama kabari da hubbare ga Husayn kuma ya girma a matsayin birni domin biyan bukatun mahajjata. Birni da kaburburan an fadada su sosai daga sarakunan musulmai masu zuwa, amma sun sha wahala sau da yawa daga rundunoni masu kai hari. Asalin dakin ibada ne wanda [[Daular Abbasiyyah|Halifan Abbasawa]] Al-Mutawakkil ya lalata a 850 amma an sake gina shi a halin yanzu kusan 979, amma wuta ta lalata wani ɓangare a cikin shekara ta 1086 kuma aka sake gina shi. Kamar [[Najaf]], garin ya sha wahala daga matsalar ƙarancin ruwa wanda kawai aka warware shi a farkon karni na 18 ta hanyar gina madatsar ruwa a kan Hanyar Husayniyya. A cikin shekara ta 1737, garin ya maye gurbin [[Isfahan]] a [[Iran]] a matsayin babbar cibiyar karatun Shi'a. A tsakiyar karni na sha takwas ya sami rinjaye daga shugaban malanta, Yusuf Al Bahrani, babban mai tallata al'adun Akhbari na Shia yana tunani, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekara ta 1772, <ref>Juan Cole, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ntarP5hrza0C Sacred Space and Holy War]'', IB Tauris, 2007 p. 71–72</ref> bayan haka kuma makarantar Usuli mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ta zama mai yawa tasiri. Buhun Wahhabi na Karbala ya faru ne a 21 ga Afrilu shekara ta 1802 (1216 Hijri) (1801), a karkashin mulkin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad mai mulki na biyu na Gwamnatin Saudiyya ta Farko, lokacin da Musulman Wahabiyawa 12,000 daga Najd suka afka wa garin na Karbala . Harin ya yi daidai da ranar bikin Ghadir Khum, ko 10 ga [[Muharram]] . Wannan yakin ya bar rayuka 3,000-5,000 da dome na kabarin [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|Husayn bn Ali]], jikan [[Muhammad]] kuma dan [[Ali|Ali bin Abi Talib]], ya lalace. Fadan ya dauki tsawon awanni 8. Bayan mamayar daular Saudiyya ta Farko, garin ya sami ikon cin gashin kai a lokacin mulkin Ottoman, wanda ke karkashin jagorancin wasu gungun kungiyoyin 'yan daba da na mafia da ke kawance da mambobin' ulama. Don sake tabbatar da ikon su, sojojin Ottoman sun yiwa garin kawanya. A ranar 13 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta 1843 sojojin Ottoman suka shiga garin. Yawancin shugabannin gari sun gudu sun bar tsaron garin galibi ga 'yan kasuwa. Kimanin Larabawa 3,000 aka kashe a cikin birni, da kuma wasu 2,000 a waje da bango (wannan yana wakiltar kusan 15% na yawan jama'ar gari). Turkawan sun rasa mazaje 400. <ref>Cole, Juan R.I. and Moojan Momen. 1986. "[https://www.academia.edu/661030/Mafia_Mob_and_Shiism_in_Iraq_The_Rebellion_of_Ottoman_Karbala_1824-1843 Mafia, Mob and Shiism in Iraq: The Rebellion of Ottoman Karbala 1824–1843]." Past & Present. No 112: 112–143.</ref> Wannan ya sa ɗalibai da malamai da yawa suka koma Najaf, wacce ta zama babbar cibiyar addinin Shi'a. <ref>Cole, Juan R. I. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ntarP5hrza0C Sacred Space and Holy War: The Politics, Culture and History of Shi'ite Islam]''. London: I.B. Tauris, 2002.</ref> Tsakanin 1850 da 1903, Karbala ya sami wadataccen kwararar kuɗi ta hanyar Oudh Bequest . Lardin Indiya na Shiad da ke Awadh, wanda Birtaniyya ta sani da Oudh, a koyaushe yana tura kudi da mahajjata zuwa birni mai tsarki. Kudin Oudh, rupees miliyan 10, sun samo asali ne daga shekara ta 1825 daga Awadh Nawab Ghazi-ud-Din Haider . Daya bisa ukun shi ne ya je ga matansa, sauran kuma kashi biyu bisa uku sun tafi biranen Karbala da Najaf masu tsarki. Lokacin da matansa suka mutu a cikin 1850, kuɗin sun tara tare da riba a hannun Kamfanin Burtaniya na Gabashin Indiya . Kungiyar ta EIC ta tura kudin zuwa Karbala da Najaf bisa ga duk abin da matan suka ga dama, da fatan yin tasiri ga [[Ulama'u|Malamai]] kan ni'imar Burtaniya. Wannan ƙoƙari don neman yardar gaba ɗaya ana ɗauka cewa gazawa ce. <ref>"A Failed Manipulation: The British, the Oudh Bequest and the Shī'ī 'Ulamā' of Najaf and Karbalā'." Meir Litvak, ''British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies'', {{JSTOR|826171}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1928, an gudanar da wani muhimmin aikin magudanar ruwa don kawar da garin daga fadamar rashin lafiya, wanda aka kafa tsakanin Hussainiya da Kogin Bani Hassan a Kogin Yufiretis. [[File:Karbala_07402u.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Masallaci a Karbala (1932)]] Tsaron Gidan Majalisa a Karbala - wasu gumurzun da aka gwabza tsakanin aranar 3 ga Afrilu zuwa 6 ga Afrilu shekara ta, 2004 tsakanin 'yan tawayen Iraki na rundunar Mahdi da ke kokarin mamaye zauren majalisar da kuma kare sojojin Poland da Bulgaria daga Sashin Kasashen Duniya na Tsakiyar Kudu. A shekara ta 2003 bin 2003 mamayewa na Iraki, da Karbala majalisar dattawan gari yunkurin zabe United States Marine Corps Laftanar Kanar Matthew Lopez a matsayin magajin garin. Babu shakka don sojojin sa, yan kwangila, da kuɗaɗen sa sun kasa barin sa. A ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu,shekara ta 2007, wani bam da ke cikin mota ya fashe kusan {{Convert|600|ft|m}} daga wurin ibadar, suna kashe mutane 47 da raunata sama da 150. A ranar 19 ga watan Janairun 2008, [[Shi'a|Mabiya Shi’a ‘yan]] [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] miliyan biyu sun yi tattaki a cikin garin Karbala, [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] don tunawa da Ashura . Dakarun Iraki da ‘yan sanda dubu 20 ne suka tsare taron yayin tashin hankali saboda rikici tsakanin sojojin Iraki da‘ yan Shia wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane 263 (a [[Basra]] da Nasiriya ). == Yawon shakatawa na addini == Karbala, tare da [[Najaf]], ana daukar shi ne wurin da musulmai mabiya Shi'a ke zuwa yawon bude ido, kuma masana'antar yawon bude ido a garin ta bunkasa bayan karshen mulkin Saddam Hussein. Wasu abubuwan jan hankali na yawon shakatawa na addini sun hada da: * Masallacin Al Abbas. * Haramin Imam Husayn. * Ifiritu. * Rushewar Mujada, kimanin {{Convert|40|km|mile}} zuwa yamma da garin <ref name="Al-Shirazi">[http://www.alshirazi.net/karbala/torath/04.htm منارة موجدة «مَعلَمٌ حددت وظيفته تسميته»]. ''Al-Shirazi''. Retrieved January 5, 2018.</ref> <ref name="Holy Karbala">[http://www.holykarbala.net/v2/index.php/ar/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9-3/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1/258-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A9 الآثار منارة موجدة] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202211246/http://www.holykarbala.net/v2/index.php/ar/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9-3/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1/258-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A9 |date=2020-12-02 }}. ''Holy Karbala''. Retrieved January 5, 2018.</ref> Filin jirgin sama a Karbala sun hada da: ** Karbala Filin jirgin saman arewa maso gabas ** Filin jirgin saman Karbala (wanda ke kudu maso gabashin Karbala). == Imani na addini == [[File:Meso2mil-English.JPG|thumb| s = ns "/> <ref name="IbnHisham, V.1, P.419–421">Summarized from the book of story of Muhammad by [[Ibn Hisham]] Volume 1 pg.419–421</ref> Qattara (ko Karana), Dūr-Katlimmu, Assur, Arrapha, Terqa, Nuzi, Mari, Eshnunna, Dur-Kurigalzu, Der, Sippar, Babila, Kish, Susa, Borsippa, Nippur, Isin, Uruk, Larsa da Ur, daga arewa zuwa kudu. Lura da kusancin kusancin Babila da Sippar da Tafkin Milh, wanda ke kusa da Karbala. ]] Wasu daga cikin ‘yan Shi’ar suna ganin wannan ayar ta [[Al Kur'ani|Alqurani]] tana magana ne game da kasar Iraki, yankin [[Kufa|Kufah]] na tsarkakakkun wuraren Shi’a, Najaf, Karbala, Kadhimiyyah {{Efn|Kadhimyyah used to be a township of its own, but is now a part of the city of Baghdad.<ref name="EOIAH, Kadhimiyyah">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Kadhimiya |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Iranian Architectural History |language=fa |url=http://iranshahrpedia.ir/view/9341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003210802/http://iranshahrpedia.ir/view/9341 |archive-date=3 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} da Samarra, tunda masu wa'azin [[Tauhidi]] Ibrāhīm ( [[Ibrahim]] ) da Lūṭ ( Lutu ), <ref name="Cite quran|26|160|e=174|s=ns">{{Cite Quran|26|160}}</ref> waɗanda ake ɗaukarsu [[Annabawa a Musulunci|Annabawa a Islama]], an yi imanin cewa sun rayu a tsohon garin Iraqi Kutha Rabba, <ref name="MAH">History of Islam by Professor Masudul Hasan</ref> kafin zuwa " Kasa Mai Albarka ". <ref name="Cite quran|21|51|e=75|s=ns">{{Cite Quran|21|51}}</ref> Akwai hadisai da yawa na [[Shi'a|Shi'a da]] ke bayar da labarin matsayin Karbala: Karbalaa FC kungiyar kwallon kafa ce da ke garin Karbala. Akwai nassoshi da yawa a cikin littattafai a cikin fina-finai zuwa "Karbala", galibi ana nufin mutuwar Husayn a Yaƙin Karbala. Husayn galibi ana nuna shi akan farin dokin da kibiyoyi suka rataye. Akwai fina-finai da shirye-shiryen bidiyo game da abubuwan da suka faru a Karbala a yanayi mai rai da kuma haƙiƙa (duba mahaɗan waje "Karbala: Lokacin da Sararin samaniya Yayi Hawan jini"; "Safar-e-Karbala"). Hoton bidiyo na ainihin garin ya wanzu a cikin wani shirin Burtaniya mai taken "Yankin Kashe Saddam." Shirin shirin ya nuna yadda sojojin Saddam suka lalata garin a cikin watan Maris na 1991 ta hanyar kyamarar bidiyo ta wasu 'yan'uwa maza biyu da ke zaune a garin. Hawza cibiyoyin ilimin addinin musulunci ne wadanda mujtahid ko Allamas ke gudanarwa tare don koyar da musulmai yan shia da shiryar dasu ta hanya mai tsauri na zama da Alim. Dangane da hawaz a Karbala, Bayan rasuwar wani mashahurin Alama, Sayyid Muhammad, jagoranci a bangaren malami ya koma zuwa taklid zuwa mujtahid. Wannan mahimmin abu ne wanda ya jagoranci jagorancin Malama don zama a Karbala da kuma Najaf. Da farko hauza ta Karbala (cibiyar koyar da addinin Musulunci) ta ƙunshi yawancin Iraniyawa da Ulama ta Turkiya. Bayan rasuwar Sharif-ul-Ulama Mazandarani a 1830 da kuma danniyar yan shia da Ottoman suka yi a shekara ta 1843 duk sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sauya Ulamas da yawa don haka Najaf ya zama cibiyar jagorancin Islama ta Shi'a a cikin ilimi. Kamar yadda yake a yanzu, akwai jami'o'i biyu a Karbala. Jami'ar Karbala, wacce aka ƙaddamar a ranar 1 ga Maris, shekara ta 2002, ɗayan manyan jami'o'i ne a Iraki dangane da harkokin ilimi, albarkatun ɗan adam, da kuma binciken kimiyya. An kafa Jami'ar Ahl Al Bayt a watan Satumba na shekara ta 2003 da Dokta Mohsen Baqir Mohammed-Salih Al-Qazwini. Jami'ar na da manyan kwalejoji shida: Kwalejin Shari'a, Arts, Kimiyyar Islama, Fasaha da Kiwon Lafiya, Magunguna da Ilimin Hakora. Jami'ar Warith al-Anbiya da ke Karbala, kwanan nan an kafa ta a karkashin wani aikin na Masallacin Husayn Mai Tsarki, tana da ƙwarewar injiniya, gudanarwa, tattalin arziki, doka da ilimin lissafi, wanda ke shirye don karɓar ɗalibai a shekarar farko ta ilimi wato a shekàra ta 2017–2018. === Conasashen Indiya === A cikin yankin Indiya, ''Karbala'', baya ga ma'anar garin Karbala (wanda galibi ake kira da ''Karbala-e-Mualla'' ma'ana Karbala mai ɗaukaka), yana kuma nufin filaye na gari inda ''jerin gwanon'' tunawa ke ƙarewa da / ko ta'zīya a lokacin Ashura ko Arba'een, galibi irin waɗannan filayen suna da ''shabeeh'' (kwafin) ''Rauza'' ko wasu tsare-tsare. <ref>[http://ora.ouls.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid%3A8307ae11-21a4-4a2e-95b0-cb76d59212fb/datastreams/ATTACHMENT03 (Re-)defining Some Genre-Specific Words: Evidence from some English Texts about Ashura] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203013344/http://ora.ouls.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid%3A8307ae11-21a4-4a2e-95b0-cb76d59212fb/datastreams/ATTACHMENT03 |date=2013-12-03 }}, Muhammad-Reza Fakhr-Rohani, University of Qom, Iran</ref> <ref>A citation from Fruzzetti, "Muslim Rituals," for this use of Karbala is as follows: "The Muslims then proceed to 'Karbala' to bury the flowers which were used to decorate the tazziyas, the tazziyas themselves being kept for the next year's celebration." (pp. 108–109).</ref> A Kudancin Asiya inda ''ta'zīya ke nufin musamman ga ƙananan kaburbura da aka yi'' amfani da su a jerin gwanon da aka gudanar a Muharram. Abin ya faro ne daga gaskiyar cewa nisan da Indiya ta yi daga Karbala ya hana a binne Shi'an Indiya a kusa da kabarin Husayn ko yin hajji akai-akai ( ziyarat ) zuwa kabarin. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa 'yan Shi'ar Indiya suka kafa karbalas na gida a kan yankin ta hanyar kawo ƙasa daga Karbala da kuma yayyafa ta a kan kuri'a da aka sanya a matsayin makabartu na gaba. Da zarar an kafa karbalas a kan yankin ƙasa, mataki na gaba shi ne kawo kabarin Husayn zuwa Indiya. Wannan an kafa shi ne ta hanyar gina kwatankwacin kabarin Husayn da ake kira ta'zīya don aiwatarwa cikin ''jerin gwanon Muharram.'' ''Dubunnan ta'zīyas'' masu siffofi daban-daban ana yin su kowace shekara don watannin makokin Muharram da Safar; kuma ana daukar su cikin tsari kuma ana iya binne su a karshen Ashura ko Arba'een. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1.jpg|Cocin Al-Qusayr ita ce majami'a mafi dadewa a Gabas, wacce ke tsakiyar hamadar Karbala File:Imam_Hussein_Camp_1.jpg|Sansanin Imam Hussein, Karbala File:Karbala_Governorate_Building.png|Karbala Governorate Building.png File:Public_Library_Karbala.jpg|Dakin karatu na jama'a, Karbala File:Karbala_City_3.jpg|Birnin Karbala File:Imam_Husayn_Shrine_1850.jpg|Wurin ibada na Imam Husayn, 1850 Karbala-ye-Moalla Square.jpg|Shataletalen Ye Moalla, Karbala File:No_Known_Restrictions_Karbala,_Iraq_from_Matson_Collection,_1932_(LOC)_(463177475).jpg|Karbala, Iraq daga Matson Collection, 1932 (LOC) (463177475).jpg File:Karbala_Iraq.jpg|Karbala Iraq File:Al_Abbas_Street_in_Karbala.jpg|Hanyar Al Abbas a Karbala File:Karbala_2017_(6).jpg|Karbala 2017 </gallery> == Duba kuma == * Yakin Karbala * Zanga-zangar Shi'a ta 1977 a Iraki * Tarzoma 1991 a Karbala * Harin Bam na Karbala na 2003 * Harin Bam na Ashura na Iraki a 2004 * Harin Bam na Karbala na 2007 * Arba'een * Ashura * Karbala, Iran * Karbala, Fars * Karbala, Zanjan * Jerin wadanda suka jikkata a rundunar Husayn a yakin Karbala == Bayanan kula == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Kara karantawa == *   *   *   *   == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.sacred-destinations.com/iraq/karbala.htm Wuraren bautar Shi'a na Karbala] - Wurare masu tsarki * [http://www.123shayari.com/category/karbala-shayari/ Wakokin Shi'a Karbala] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106044903/http://www.123shayari.com/category/karbala-shayari/ |date=2013-11-06 }} * [https://archive.is/20130108100039/http://indianmuslims.in/karbala-a-lesson-for-mankind/ Karbala - Darasi ne ga Dan Adam] * [http://www.smsblaze.com/category/karbala-sms/ Karbala da Maganganun Karbala] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307211319/http://smsblaze.com/category/karbala-sms |date=2016-03-07 }} * [http://minhaj-al-nubuwwah.cf/karbala.html Karbala da Shahada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512041144/http://minhaj-al-nubuwwah.cf/karbala.html |date=2021-05-12 }} * [http://twelvershia.net/2016/01/29/karbala-the-facts-and-the-fairytales/ Karbala - Gaskiya da Tatsuniyoyi] * [https://www.al-islam.org/articles/karbala-the-chain-of-events-ramzan-sabir Karbala, Sarkar Abubuwan] [[Category:Biranen Iraƙi]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fffe3dmrhpav5c3cmphhop6r70mgr42 0 17926 827887 655000 2026-04-30T01:41:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Fisker karma Paris.JPG|thumb|motar Alfarma na Karma]] [[Fayil:EndlessKnot3d.svg|thumb|karma]] '''Karma (mota-MA)''' ma'ana [https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/result sakamakon] na [https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/people ayyukan mutane] kazalika da ayyuka da kansu. Lokaci ne game da sake zagayowar sanadi da [https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/effect sakamako]. Dangane da ka'idar Karma, abin da ke faruwa da mutum, yana faruwa ne saboda sun haifar da shi da ayyukansu. Yana da muhimmin bangare na [[Addini|addinai da]] yawa kamar Hindu da [[Buddha]]. A cikin [[Shinto]] (wani addini sau da yawa ana hada shi tare da Buddha), ana fassara Karma a matsayin ''Musubi'' (す す び), ra'ayi na karma an san shi a cikin Shinto a matsayin hanyar wadatarwa, ƙarfafawa da tabbatar da rayuwa. Dangane da ci gaban ruhaniya, Karma tana game da duk abin da mutum ya aikata, yana yi da wanda zai yi. Karma ma'ana ce game da hukunci ko lada. Yana sanya mutum ya dauki nauyin rayuwarsa, da yadda suke bi da wasu mutane. "Ƙa'idar Karma" babbar akida ce ta addinin Hindu, Ayyavazhi, [[Sikh|Sikhism]], [[Buddha]], da [[Jainanci|Jainism]]. Duk halittu [[Dabba|masu rai]] suna da alhakin karma - ayyukansu da sakamakon ayyukansu. == Ma'ana == [[File:Karma_AS.jpg|right|thumb|248x248px| Karma a matsayin aiki da amsawa : idan muka nuna nagarta, za mu girbe alheri.]] Karma ne sau da yawa fahimci furucin da duniya manufa na hanyar da sakamako. ayyukan mu duka biyu mai kyau da kuma mummuna, dawo mana a nan gaba, taimaka mana mu koya daga rayuwa ta darussa da kuma zama mafi alhẽri mutane. A cikin addinai da suka hada da reincarnation, karma ya faɗaɗa ta rayuwar mutum ta yanzu da duk rayuwar da ta gabata da ta gaba kuma. <ref>[https://viralvidos.com/good-karma-and-bad-karma/ Karma - The Incarnation Good and Bad Karma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109015731/https://viralvidos.com/good-karma-and-bad-karma/ |date=2020-11-09 }} 15th February 2018</ref> Karma yana da [[Makamashi|karfi]]. Mutum daya yana fitar da [[Makamashi|kuzari]] ta hanyar tunani, kalmomi da ayyuka, kuma yana dawowa, cikin lokaci, ta hanyar wasu mutane. Karma ita ce mafi kyawun malami, tilasta mutane su fuskanci sakamakon ayyukansu kuma don haka haɓakawa da habaka halayensu, ko wahala idan ba su yi ba. Ko da karma mai kaushi, lokacin da aka fuskance shi cikin hikima, na iya zama babbar walkiya don habakar ruhaniya. Cin nasarar karma ya ta'allaka ne da aikin hankali da amsa rashin motsin rai. Goyi bayan kowane aiki, tare da da'awar, "Ina yin shi," karma ne. Da'awar aikatawa na kowane aiki, ya daure karma. Don tallafawa aikin tare da imani 'nine mai aikatawa' ana kiran sa daurin karma. Wannan tallafin ne na imanin 'aikatawa' wanda ke daure karma. Idan kun san cewa ba ku ne mai yi ba kuma kuna san wanda mai gaskiya yake, 'Ba ni ne mai yi ba' kuma 'wanene ne mai aikatawa' to aikin ba zai sami goyon baya ba kuma za a zubar da karma. <ref>[[Dada Bhagwan]], What is Karma ? </ref> === Misalan karma === Tsarin aiki da amsawa akan dukkan matakan-na zahiri, na hankali da na ruhaniya - Karma ne. Dole ne mutum ya mai da hankali ga tunani, saboda tunani na iya sanya karmas-mai kyau, mara kyau kuma mai haɗewa. <ref>Satguru [[Sivaya Subramuniyaswami]], "''Ten Questions people ask About Hinduism …and ten terrific answers!''" (p. 5) </ref> “Ina yi muku kyawawan kalamai, kuma kuna samun kwanciyar hankali da farin ciki. Ina fadar muku da kalmomi masu zafi, sai ku zama masu rudi da damuwa. Alherin da kaifin zai dawo wurina, ta hanyar wasu, a wani lokaci nan gaba. A karshe, abin da na bayar shi ne abin da na samu. ” “Mai zanen gida yana tunanin ƙirƙirar abubuwa, tunani mai amfani yayin zana tsare-tsaren sabon gini. Amma da zai yi tunanin cutarwa, tunani mara amfani, da sannu ba zai iya cimma kowane irin aiki mai kyau ba koda kuwa yana son yin hakan. == Karma a cikin addinin Hindu == 'Yan Hindu suna kallon [[lokaci]] a matsayin da'ira, yayin da abubuwa ke sake zagayowa. Karma doka ce mai adalci wacce, kamar nauyi, take yiwa kowa daidai. Dokar karma ta sanya mutum a tsakiyar alhakin duk abin da ya aikata da duk abin da aka yi masa. Fahimtar yadda karma ke aiki, 'yan addinin Hindu suna kokari su yi rayuwar kirki. Wannan ana kiransa dharma . Akwai karma iri uku a cikin Hindu: # [[:en:en:sanchita karma|sanchita karma]], jimillar karmas da suka gabata har yanzu ba a warware su ba; # [[:en:en:prarabdha karma|prarabdha karma]], wannan yanki na sanchita karma wanda za a dandana a wannan rayuwar; kuma # [[:en:en:kriyamana karma|kriyamana karma]], karmar da dan Adam ke kirkirowa # a halin yanzu, wanda zai bada amfani a gaba. === Matsayin sojojin Ubangiji === Karma ana daukar ta daga dayan ka'idodin halitta na hankali, kamar yadda nauyi doka ce ta kwayar halitta. Kamar yadda [[Allah|Allah ya]] halicci nauyi don kawo tsari ga duniyar zahiri, ya halicci karma a matsayin tsarin Allah na [https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/justice adalci] wanda ke tafiyar da kansa da adalci mara iyaka. Yana ta atomatik halitta da ya dace nan gaba kwarewa a mayar da martani ga halin yanzu mataki. Yawancin ra'ayoyi daban-daban sun wanzu a cikin Hindu game da rawar halittun allahntaka. A Hindu, da yawa ganin gumãka, ko devas kamar wasa wasu irin rawa. Sauran 'yan Hindu, kamar su Mimamsakas, sun ki irin wadannan ra'ayoyin kuma suna ganin karma a matsayin mai cin gashin kansa, la'akari da dokokin ƙasa da ke haifar da isassu don bayyana tasirin karma. Wasu fassarorin Bhagavad Gita <ref>Verses 4:14, 9.22 and 18.61</ref> suna ba da shawarar matsakaiciyar ra'ayi, cewa karma doka ce ta sababi da sakamako duk da haka [[Allah|Allah na]] iya rage karma ga bayinsa An faɗa a cikin Bhagavad Gita cewa kawai karma da aka yi tare da ma'anar aikatawa kuma tare da hade da karma na iya haifar da sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau. Karma wanda aka yi shi da halayyar aiki ba tare da hade da sakamakon ba zai haifar da wani sakamako kuma zai matsar da mutum zuwa ga Allah. Wani ra'ayi yana cewa Satguru, yana aiki a madadin Allah, na iya rage ko aiki da wasu karma na almajiri. <ref>[http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/ans/ans_57.html Swami Krishnananda on the Guru mitigating the karma of the disciple]</ref> == Manazarta == == Sauran yanar gizo == * [http://Buddhism.2be.net/Karma Karma kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a cikin Buddhist Encyclopedia] Archived (buddhism.2be.net) * [http://hinduism.iskcon.com/concepts/103.htm Dokar Karma aka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080816021027/http://hinduism.iskcon.com/concepts/103.htm |date=2008-08-16 }} Archived (Zuciyar Hindu) * [http://www.members.tripod.com/tathagata2000/enlightenment_what_is_karma.htm Menene Karma ?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614011630/http://www.members.tripod.com/tathagata2000/enlightenment_what_is_karma.htm |date=2006-06-14 }} Dalilin da Tasirin Karma * [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/karma.html Karma] ta malamin addinin Buddha Ba'amurke Thanissaro Bhikkhu [[Category:Addini]] [[Category:Ilimi]] [[Category:Indiya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] biiccbkhf8k2mg8d2qqjhqpyn6m0veo 0 18124 827867 785560 2026-04-29T22:36:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Kabiru Alhassan Rurum''' Dan siyasar Najeriya ne kuma dan kasuwa daga jihar Kano wanda ya rike mukamin kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Kano daga 2015 - 2017 da 2018 - 2019. Shine dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Rano/Bunkure/Kibiya a jihar Kano tun a shekarar 2019. Rurum ya kasance mai sarautar gargajiya daga Masarautar Rano. . <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2018 |title=Kano Assembly removes Speaker, elects replacement |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/kano-speaker-ata-removed/ |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2017 |title=Speaker |url=https://kanoassembly.gov.ng/speaker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121023056/https://kanoassembly.gov.ng/speaker/ |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=Kano State Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Kabiru a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun 1970 a unguwar Katanga da ke Rurum a karamar hukumar Rano ta jihar Kano. Ya halarci makarantar Rurum Central Primary tsakanin 1977 zuwa 1982, Government Junior Secondary Rurum, tsakanin 1983 zuwa 1985 sannan ya wuce Makarantar Sakandaren Grammar Government, Rano tsakanin 1985 zuwa 1988 inda ya samu takardar shaidar SSCE. Ya sami [[National Diploma (Nigeria)|Diploma na kasa]] a cikin Gudanar da [[Administration Management|Gudanarwa]] a Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo Ile - Ife a cikin 2000 da kuma difloma na gaba daga [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya, Kano]] a cikin 2002. Yana da kyakkyawan umarni, mai kyau a cikin hukunci tare da sha'awar ci gaban al'umma. == Kasuwanci == Kabiru ya fara kasuwancinsa a [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] [[Center of Commerce|Cibiyar Kasuwanci]] Najeriya kafin ya koma [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]]. Ya kasance shugaban Mile 12 Perishable Market wanda ya zama ci gabansa a siyasa. Ya fara aikinsa na siyasa a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] daga Shugaban Kasuwanci zuwa [[Kansila|Mai ba da shawara]]. Ya kuma riƙe taken gargajiya na "Turakin Hausawa na Kosofe Land". == Siyasa == Kabiru An zabe shi a matsayin [[Kansila|Mai ba da shawara]] a cikin Ward 'F' Ikosi / Ketu / M12/Maidan / Agiliti / Awode Elede na [[Kosofe]] Karamar Hukumar [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] a shekarar 1997 bayan ya ceci wa'adinsa a matsayin mai wakiltar al'ummar Hausa a Jihar Legasa sannan ya koma garinsu Kano inda aka nada shi mai kula da ayyukan a [[Local Government Council|Majalisar Karamar Hukumar]] [[Rano]] inda ya yi aiki tsakanin 2000 da 2002 An fara zabar Kabiru a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kano don wakiltar mazabar [[Rano]] a Babban Zabe na Najeriya na 2011 inda ya lashe zaben kuma ya zama Shugaban Mafi rinjaye a Majalisar Dokokin Jiha ta Kano. Kabiru ya zama Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kano bayan ya lashe zabensa na biyu a [[Zaben Najeriya na 2015|Babban zaben Najeriya na 2015]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=STATE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY CANDIDATES 2015 « INEC Nigeria |url=http://www.inecnigeria.org/?page_id=3674 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805015256/http://www.inecnigeria.org/?page_id=3674 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=6 August 2017 |website=www.inecnigeria.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=daniel |date=22 March 2016 |title=We Never Received N17m 'Bribe' From Gov. Ganduje – Kano Lawmakers |url=https://www.informationng.com/2016/03/we-never-received-n17m-bribe-from-gov-ganduje-kano-lawmakers.html |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=Information Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Politics – Information Nigeria |url=https://ticklenburg23.rssing.com/chan-12793578/all_p414.html |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=ticklenburg23.rssing.com}}</ref> Kabiru ya yi murabus daga kakakin majalisar saboda zargin da aka yi masa, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Newstral.com |date=2017-07-03 |title=thisdaylive.com: "Kano Assembly Speaker Resigns, Yusuf Abdullahi Takes over Sanusi Probe" |url=http://newstral.com/en/article/en/1069371804/kano-assembly-speaker-resigns-yusuf-abdullahi-takes-over-sanusi-probe |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711213200/https://newstral.com/en/article/en/1069371804/kano-assembly-speaker-resigns-yusuf-abdullahi-takes-over-sanusi-probe |archive-date=11 July 2023 |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=Newstral |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2017 |title=Kano Assembly Speaker resigns over Emir Sanusi probe – Premium Times Nigeria |url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/235683-breaking-kano-assembly-speaker-resigns-emir-sanusi-probe.html |access-date=6 August 2017 |website=premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2017 |title=Photos: Kano state House of Assembly speaker, Kabiru Rumrum, resigns from office |url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2017/07/photos-kano-state-house-of-assembly.html.html |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=Linda Ikeji's Blog |language=en}}</ref> Kabiru ya yunkurin da yawa don tsige [[Yusuf Abdullahi Ata]] amma Gwamnan Jihar Kano [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]] ya shiga tsakani <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sa'ad |first=Buhari |date=16 May 2018 |title=Governor Ganduje resolves Kano assembly crisis |url=https://www.today.ng/news/nigeria/governor-ganduje-resolves-kano-assembly-crisis-114545 |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ganduje Intervenes In Kano Assembly Crisis |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2018/05/16/ganduje-intervenes-in-kano-assembly-crisis/ |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=Channels Television}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: Kano Assembly shut over move to impeach Speaker |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/tag/alhaji-yusuf-abdullahi-ata |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=TVC News Nigeria |language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=February 2025}}</ref> da [[Hamisu Chidari]] ya sadaukar da mataimakin kakakinsa ga Kabiru don cimma zaman lafiya a cikin gidan amma a ranar 30 ga Yuli 2018 ya kammala aikinsa tare da taimakon magajin 26 daga cikin 'yan majalisa na Jihar Kanowa Abid ya kaddamar da Shugaba Abduwa [3] Ya kaddamarar da shi ne wanda Shugaba Abdamar da shi Majalisa Abduwa<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sorondinki |first=Ahmad |date=2018-05-15 |title=Armed Policemen Take Over Kano Assembly Complex – Independent Newspaper Nigeria |url=https://www.independent.ng/armed-policemen-take-over-kano-assembly-complex/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |publisher=Independent.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2018 |title=Police take over Kano State House of Assembly - |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/police-take-over-kano-state-house-of-assembly/ |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=The Eagle Online |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="premiumtimesng1">{{Cite web |date=30 July 2018 |title=Kano Assembly impeaches Speaker, replaces him with ex-Speaker |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/278243-kano-assembly-impeaches-speaker-replaces-him-with-ex-speaker.html |access-date=20 March 2020 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2018 |title=BREAKING: Kano Assembly impeaches Speaker |url=https://dailynigerian.com/breaking-kano-assembly-impeaches-speaker/ |access-date=20 March 2020 |website=Daily Nigerian |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2018 |title=Breaking: Kano Assembly impeaches Speaker Abdullahi Atta |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/07/breaking-kano-assembly-impeaches-speaker/ |access-date=20 March 2020 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2018 |title=Ata's impeachment and Kano's changing political paradigm |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/atas-impeachment-and-kanos-changing-political-paradigm/ |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2018 |title=Kano Speaker faces recall, as constituents petition INEC |url=https://peoplesdailyng.com/kano-speaker-faces-recall-as-constituents-petition-inec/ |access-date=11 February 2021 |website=peoplesdailyng.com |language=en-US}}</ref> An zabi Kabiru a matsayin memba a Babban zaben Najeriya na 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2019 |title=Kano Assembly Speaker wins Reps Seat |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/02/25/kano-assembly-speaker-wins-reps-seat/ |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=P.M. News |language=en-US}}</ref> don wakiltar mazabar Tarayyar [[Rano]] / [[Bunkure]] / [[Kibiya]] a Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://www.nassnig.org/mps/single/292 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203102750/https://www.nassnig.org/mps/single/292 |archive-date=3 December 2020 |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=www.nassnig.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=ShineYourEye |url=https://www.shineyoureye.org/person/kabiru-alhassan-rurum |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=www.shineyoureye.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2019 |title=See list of elected House of Representatives members from Kano State |url=https://dailytrust.com/see-list-of-elected-house-of-representatives-members-from-kano-state |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=Daily Trust |language=en |archive-date=31 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031162015/https://dailytrust.com/see-list-of-elected-house-of-representatives-members-from-kano-state |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=solacebase.com |date=21 May 2020 |title=Kabiru Alhassan Rurum: Still the master of the game |url=https://www.solacebase.com/2020/05/21/kabiru-alhassan-rurum-still-the-master-of-the-game/ |access-date=12 February 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2019 |title=APC wins 19 out of 24 federal constituencies in Kano |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/02/apc-wins-19-out-of-24-federal-constituencies-in-kano/ |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sorondinki |first=Ahmad |date=2019-02-26 |title=Kano Speaker, Rurum, Wins Reps Seat – Independent Newspaper Nigeria |url=https://www.independent.ng/kano-speaker-rurum-wins-reps-seat/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |publisher=Independent.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2019 |title=Assembly speakers, like civil servants, deserve life pension for serving their state – Rurum, Speaker, Kano Assembly |url=https://punchng.com/assembly-speakers-like-civil-servants-deserve-life-pension-for-serving-their-state-rurum-speaker-kano-assembly/ |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2019 |title=Gbajabiamila names ex-Kano Speaker who made life pension law for himself as chairman House Committee on Pensions |url=https://dailynigerian.com/gbajabiamila-names-ex-kano-speaker-who-made-life-pension-law-for-himself-as-chairman-house-committee-on-pensions/ |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=Daily Nigerian |language=en-US}}</ref> Kabiru yana da lakabi na gargajiya a Majalisar Masarautar Rano, Turakin Rano wanda marigayi Sarkin Rano Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila na 2 ya yi masa turbaned <ref>{{Cite web |last=Naija247news |date=2 May 2020 |title=Emir of Rano dies hours after hospitalisation |url=https://www.naija247news.com/2020/05/02/emir-of-rano-dies-hours-after-hospitalisation/ |access-date=12 February 2021 |website=Naija247news |language=en-US |archive-date=15 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015202229/https://naija247news.com/2020/05/02/emir-of-rano-dies-hours-after-hospitalisation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Musulman Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] s21cj98j1r896izffkozrhdc8be9331 0 19630 827940 786019 2026-04-30T09:21:54Z Sayvhior 28200 Added video 827940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Braider at a hair salon.jpg|thumb|ana yin kitso a salun (saloon)]] [[File:Peul women in Paoua.jpg|thumb|matan fulani da kitso]] {{databox}} [[Fayil:Coiffure africaine d'une femmes au Bénin.jpg|thumb|Anyi kitso]] '''Kitso''' wata al'ada ce da ake yinta domin tufke gashin kai, saboda ado ko kwalliya ko kuma dalili na [[Addini]]. A wasu kasashen akasari [[mata]] suka fi yin kitso, yayinda a wasu kasashen [[maza]] kadai suka fi yin sa. A wasu kuma maza da mata ne ke yin kitso sai a al'ada kasar ''Hausa'' Mata su ne keyin kitso ba maza ba, idan ka ga namiji da kitso to lallai ya saba wa al'adun Hausawa da kuma Addinin Musulunci. Mata na kitse gashin kan su don [[kwalliya/Ado|Kwalliya]] da birge [[maza]]jensu na [[aure]] da ma samarinsu kafin aure, kitso yana da matukar muhimmanci sosai musamman ga wasu kabilun [[Afrika]]. Amma a al'adance ko kuma a al'adar [[Hausawa]] kitso mata ke yi ba maza ba, idan har ka ga namiji da kitso to lallai dan daudu ne kuma ya saba wa [[Musulunci|Addinin Musulunci]], su ma matan akwai inda yake saba wa Addinin Musulunci a yayinda suka nemi kara gashin kansu, wannan haramun ne a Musulunci ko ma da a ce babu haramci to masana sun tabbatar da karin gashi na kawo zubewarsa da mayar da kan mata mai sanƙo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/1251318-yadda-wata-mata-ta-je-makkah-sannan-ta-gina-gida-da-kudin-kitso-a-abuja.html|date= 28 July 2019|accessdate=16 July 2021|publisher=legit hausa|last=Musa|first=Aisha|title=Yadda wata mata ta je Makkah sannan ta gina gida da kudin kitso a Abuja}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-48023172|date= 23 April 2019|accessdate=16 July 2021|publisher=bbc hausa|last=Akinyemi|first=Aaron|title=Dalilin da ke jawo wa mata zubewar gashi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.dw.com/ha/abuja-matashiya-mai-sanaar-gyaran-gashi/a-47888795|date=13 March 2019|accessdate=16 July 2021|publisher=dw.hausa|last=Mohammed Abubakar|first=Zainab|title=Abuja: Matashiya mai sana'ar gyaran gashi}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/na-shafe-fi-ye-da-shekara-30-ina-sanaar-kitso|date= 26 December 2021 |accessdate= 26 December 2021 |title= Na Shafe Fi Ye Da Shekara 30 Ina Sana’ar Kitso |last= Kutama |first= Musa|publisher= Aminiya.dailytrust.com}}</ref> Wasu matan ma sukan dauki kitso a matsayin sana'ar su ta yau da kullum kuma suna samun amfani. Kitso kala-kala ne, akwai na gargajiya da na zamani.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-49076043|date= 27 July 2019|accessdate= 16 July 2021|publisher=BBC Hausa|title=Matar da ta gina gida da kudin kitso a Abuja}}</ref> ==Asalin Kitso== A tarihi idan muka koma shekaru 30,000 baya duk ya fara ne a Afirka. A hakikanin gaskiya, tsohon sanannen hoton kitso na kwalliya an gano shi a bakin Kogin Nilu, ta wani wurin da aka binne shi da ake kira Saqqara. Har ila yau, an gano hoton kitso a jikin [[Giza]]. Kabilu, gungiyoyi da yankuna na Afirka sun kawata kawunan su saboda mahimmancin al'adu kuma sun kasance masu rikitarwa da banbanci kamar yawancin salon da muka sani kuma muke son sakewa a yau. Yawa kamar salo a cikin tarihi, ga shi ya dade da zama alama ta halayen mutum kamar matsayi na zamantakewar jama'a da dukiya da addini da shekaru da matsayin aure da sauransu. [[File:A narrative video on Men’s haircutting.ogg|thumb]] == Ire ire-iren kitso na gargajiya == *Ayaba da wuka, *Bayan hanu, *Cikin-hanu, *Cuku, *Doka, *Gaban hanu, *Gammo, *Gudun biri, *Hittobe, *Kalaba, *Kifa-kwando, *Kwando, *Lallabtu, *Leka-tukunya, *Mai maciji, *Mu-gamu-a-kotu, *Mu-gamu-a-tasha, *Tashin soja, *tuntu, *Zane *Malami da dalibansa *shade *Zagaye duniya == Ire-iren kitson Hausawa na zamani == *2 steps, *6-3-3-4, *7-7, *Abuja connection, *Baby face, *Come down love, *Ghana weaven, *Hular tsigai, *Husband and wife, *Ibra style, *Kitson zare, *My husband heart. Da dai sauransu. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 8cqokc1uk0vw6ejp0erg69phkcvh4qd 0 20108 827815 716466 2026-04-29T19:52:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} <bdi>'''Juan José Martín-Bravo'''</bdi> ɗan gwagwarmayar [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] ne na ƙasar [[Chile]]. Shine shugaban CVerde,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cverde|url=https://www.cverde.org/about/|access-date=2021-05-07|website=www.cverde.org|archive-date=2021-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507091513/https://cverde.org/about/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Babban sakatare ne na COY15 (Taron Matasan Duniya)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Mostrador|first=El|date=2019-10-03|title=El joven chileno que fue invitado por la ONU para participar de las cumbres climáticas|url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/generacion-m/2019/10/03/el-joven-chileno-que-fue-invitado-por-la-onu-para-participar-de-las-cumbres-climaticas/|access-date=2021-05-07|website=El Mostrador|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|last2=|first2=|title=Jóvenes quieren ser más que un fenómeno mediático durante la reunión del clima organizada en Costa Rica|url=https://www.nacion.com/ciencia/medio-ambiente/jovenes-quieren-ser-mas-que-un-fenomeno-mediatico/OVN2GGEV3NFVBLNVUGHFLSU464/story/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-07|website=La Nación, Grupo Nación|language=es-LA}}</ref> A cikin 2018, an ba Cverde lambar yabo ta Kasa ta Chile. Shi dalibi ne a Pontificia Universidad Católica.<ref name=":0"/> A cikin 2019, ya kasance wakilin matasa na sauyin yanayi zuwa [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ganador de “Green Tickets” por Cambio Climático: “Chile está siendo pionero, pero está muy lejos de dar el ejemplo”|url=https://www.duna.cl/programa/aire-fresco/2019/09/17/ganador-de-green-tickets-por-cambio-climatico-chile-esta-siendo-pionero-pero-esta-muy-lejos-de-dar-el-ejemplo/|access-date=2021-05-07|website=https://www.facebook.com/RadioDuna|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Joven Chileno recibe “Boleto Verde” para asistir a la primera Cumbre de la Juventud sobre el Clima de la ONU|url=https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/bienes-comunes/2019/09/19/joven-chileno-recibe-boleto-verde-para-asistir-a-la-primera-cumbre-de-la-juventud-sobre-el-clima-de-la-onu.html|access-date=2021-05-07|website=El Desconcierto - Prensa digital libre|language=es|archive-date=2021-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507204517/https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/bienes-comunes/2019/09/19/joven-chileno-recibe-boleto-verde-para-asistir-a-la-primera-cumbre-de-la-juventud-sobre-el-clima-de-la-onu.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shi ɗan takara ne na Majalisar Kasa ta Chile. Shi memba ne na jam'iyyar Independientes No Neutrales.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Juanjo Martín: El joven reconocido mundialmente ante la ONU que va como candidato constituyente por el distrito|url=https://www.portalpuentealto.cl/juanjo-martin-el-joven-reconocido-mundialmente-ante-la-onu-que-va-como-candidato-constituyente-por-el-distrito/|url-status=live|website=portalpuentealto.cl/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Anoten en Puente Alto: Conoce el nombre de todos los candidatos constituyentes que Servel oficializó para el distrito 12|url=https://www.portalpuentealto.cl/anoten-en-puente-alto-conoce-el-nombre-de-todos-los-candidatos-que-servel-oficializo-para-el-distrito-12/|url-status=live|website=portalpuentealto.cl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Región Metropolitana: ¿Conoces a los candidatos a la Convención Constitucional de tu distrito?|url=https://www.duna.cl/noticias/2021/03/17/region-metropolitana-conoces-a-los-candidatos-a-la-convencion-constitucional-de-tu-distrito/|access-date=2021-05-07|website=https://www.facebook.com/RadioDuna|language=es}}</ref> == Manazarta == 93cf3gy2z0d4hor4kkx1o50lndc334d 0 20174 827868 711044 2026-04-29T22:37:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Kabiru Bello Dungurawa''' masanin kimiyya ne na Najeriya, mai gudanarwa, kuma Rector na Kwalejin Kwalejin Jihar Kano . == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Kabiru a ranar 10 ga Maris 1973, a ƙauyen Dungurawa, na yankin [[Dawakin Tofa]], na [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]]. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Dungurawa Kano tsakanin 1977 zuwa 1983, sannan ya halarci karamar Sakandare ta Gwamnati da ke Kwa tsakanin 1983 zuwa 1986, sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Malamai ta Dutse (Grade II) tsakanin 1986 zuwa 1989, Kabiru ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na kasa a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya ta Katsina tsakanin 1995 da ya samu digiri na farko a fannin ilmin Hausa da fasaha ta 1995.  Kabiru ya karanta Guidance and Counseling a Jami’ar Bayero Kano 2003 da 2009 bi da bi, kuma Kabiru ya samu digirin digirgir a fannin jagoranci da nasiha daga Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zariya, a shekarar 2014..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kabiru B.Dungurawa, Curriculum Vitae |url=https://edu.buk.edu.ng/sites/default/files/cv/PQPRN.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520082345/https://edu.buk.edu.ng/sites/default/files/cv/PQPRN.pdf |archive-date=20 May 2021 |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Kabiru ya fara aikinsa a shekarar 1990 a matsayin Malami a karkashin Hukumar Ilimi ta Karamar Hukumar [[Dawakin Tofa]] kuma daga baya ya shiga Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Kano a shekarar 1996. Kabiru ya fara aikinsa na Jami'ar a 2007 a karkashin [[Jami'ar Bayero|Jami'ar Bayero Kano]] a Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Ma'aunin Ilimi inda ya rike nauyin da yawa daga memba na kwamitoci, Mai Gudanar da Mataki har zuwa Shugaban Ma'auratan Ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dept of Education {{!}} Education |url=https://edu.buk.edu.ng/?q=node/6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520082345/https://edu.buk.edu.ng/?q=node/6 |archive-date=20 May 2021 |access-date=2021-03-05 |website=edu.buk.edu.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=4 March 2017 |title=Seminars |url=https://buk.edu.ng/sites/default/files/bulletin/2017/march_4th_friday_2017_no_10.pdf |journal=Bayero University Kano Official Bulletin |volume=36 |issue=10 |pages=6}}</ref> Kabiru ya yi aiki a matsayin Malami mai ziyara a Jami'ar Yusuf Maitama Sule Kano, [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kano|Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kano, Wudil]], Jami'an Tarayya, Dutsin Ma, ya kuma kasance Malami na lokaci-lokaci a Jami'an Skyline da [[Buɗaɗɗiyar Jami'a ta Ƙasa, Najeriya|Jami'ar National Open ta Najeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Kabir Dungurawa BELLO {{!}} NOUN Facilitation & Project Supervision Management System |url=http://facilitators.nounacademics.net/content/dr-kabir-dungurawa-bello |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520082345/http://facilitators.nounacademics.net/content/dr-kabir-dungurawa-bello |archive-date=20 May 2021 |access-date=2021-03-05 |website=facilitators.nounacademics.net}}</ref> Kabiru an nada shi Rector na Kano State Polytechnic ta Gwamnan Jihar Kano [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]] a watan Oktoba 2020 wanda ya gaji Farfesa [[Mukhtar Atiku Kurawa]] Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Yusuf Maitama Sule|Jami'ar Yusuf Maitama Sule, Kano]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Release |url=https://www.kanostate.gov.ng/?q=blog-categories/press-release |access-date=2021-03-05 |website=Kano}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=NewNigerianNewsPapers |date=2020-11-08 |title=Our 7-point Agenda Will Make Kano Polytechnic More Advanced – New Rector |url=https://newnigeriannewspaper.com/2020/11/08/our-7-point-agenda-will-make-kano-polytechnic-more-advanced-new-rector/ |access-date=2021-03-05 |website=New Nigerian Newspaper |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212151534/https://newnigeriannewspaper.com/2020/11/08/our-7-point-agenda-will-make-kano-polytechnic-more-advanced-new-rector/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-29 |title=Forum congratulate new Kano poly rector |url=https://newstunnel.online/forum-congratulate-new-kano-poly-rector/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212064802/https://newstunnel.online/forum-congratulate-new-kano-poly-rector/ |archive-date=12 February 2021 |access-date=2021-03-05 |website=NewsTunnel |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=EduCeleb |date=2020-10-28 |title=Govt appoints Kano Poly rector, university council members |url=https://educeleb.com/govt-appoints-kano-poly-rector-university-council-members/ |access-date=2021-03-05 |website=EduCeleb |language=en-GB}}</ref> Majalisar gudanarwa ta Jami’ar Bayero Kano ta ba Kabiru mukamin Mataimakin Farfesa (Farfesa na ilimin zamantakewa) a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2021 amma labarin ranar 9 ga Disamba 2022 a cikin labaran labarai na Jami’ar Bayero Kano.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=9 December 2022 |title=2021 Associate Professors |url=https://www.buk.edu.ng/sites/default/files/bulletin/2022/friday_9th_december_2022_No_57.pdf |journal=Bayero University Kano Official Bulletin |volume=41 |issue=57 |pages=2}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0da2pxzf5rgmrzz8nsssnz4pebw8ghi 4 21908 827860 827551 2026-04-29T21:27:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 827860 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. 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{{Databox}}'''Malam Nuhu Ribadu''' MNI (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif dubu daya da Ɗari Tara da sittin(1960) tsohon [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|jami’in ’yan sandan Nijeriya ne]] kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] wanda ya kasance Babban mai bai wa shugaban ƙasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro wato National security advisor ( N.S.A).<ref>Arise News National Security Adviser Ribadu Attributes Northern Nigeria's Insecurity to Mass Illiteracy 19 Apr 2024</ref> Kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Haraji ta Man Fetur kuma tsohon jami’in yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnatin Najeriya. Ya kasance da majagaba, shugaban [[Najeriya|Najeriya]] <ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://punchng.com/tinubu-celebrates-as-nigeria-sells-gold-injects-5m-into-economy/%3Famp&ved=2ahUKEwjxkYrl2fOGAxUNXUEAHV_sAJ8QyM8BKAB6BAgQEAE&usg=AOvVaw3Xf5WE758v4u2mvR5kIYt7</nowiki></ref>'s tattalin arziƙin Laifukan Hukumar (E.F.C.C),<ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref> <ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref>da gwamnatin hukumar tallafa da kalubalantar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma zamba cikin aminci. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009, ya zama dan baki a Cibiyar Ci Gaban [[Duniya]]. Ya yi gudun hijira har zuwa shekara ta 2010 lokacin da ya dawo gida [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":0" /> ya kuma bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar Shugabancin Najeriya a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN).<ref>Vanguard News ACN picks Nuhu Ribadu as Presidential candidate 14 Jan 2011</ref>Ranar Juma'a, 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2011, Nuhu Ribadu ya zama ɗan takarar [[shugaban ƙasa]] na jam'iyyar ACN. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, ya sauya sheƙa zuwa jam’iyya mai mulki ta PDP da nufin tsayawa takarar Gwamnan Jihar Adamawa a Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. == Ilimi == Ribadu ya yi karatun lauya a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] <ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://dailytimesng.com/theapilifestyle-receives-distinguished-personality-award-from-ahmadu-bello-university-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwiKps-Q2fOGAxVNXUEAHWkTCvUQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw0FunxirWBQ4W7dcGXqjflu</nowiki></ref>[[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|da]] ke [[Zariya]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://guardian.ng/army-chief-escapes-assassination-as-soldiers-shiites-clash-in-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwjt57my2vOGAxUSVEEAHeLOCDEQxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&usg=AOvVaw1-hmDWCAtr179-g2serOri</nowiki></ref>, a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] daga shekara ta 1980 zuwa shekara ta 1983, inda ya yi karatun Digiri na farko a fannin Shari’a. Bayan shekara guda a Makarantar Koyon Lauya ta Najeriya, sai aka kira shi Bar a cikin shekara ta 1984. Ya kuma samu digiri na biyu a fannin Lauyoyi daga wannan jami'ar. Shi dan TED ne kuma Babban Mataimaki a Kwalejin St. Antony, [[Jami'ar Oxford]], UK. == Rashawa da EFCC == Shugaban ƙasar [[Najeriya]], Olusegun Obasanjo, ya naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) a shekarar 2003, sannan ya sake naɗa shi a 2007, tare da ɗaga shi zuwa mukamin Mataimakin Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda (Assistant Inspector General of Police). Wannan karin girma da aka yi masa a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007, makonni uku kafin sabon shugaban ƙasa da aka zaɓa, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, ya kama aiki, daga baya an ƙalubalanci shi da cewa “ba bisa ƙa’ida ba ne, ya saɓa wa kundin tsarin mulki, ba shi da inganci kuma ba shi da wani tasiri na doka.” A watan Disamba 2007, Mike Okiro, Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda, ya bayyana cewa za a cire Nuhu Ribadu daga shugabancin EFCC domin ya halarci horon shekara guda. Shaidun Nuhu Ribadu sun taimaka wajen hukunta ƴan kasuwar ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka bayar da cin hanci yayin da suke kasuwanci a Najeriya.{{Ana buƙatar hujja|date=October shekarar 2009}} Ribadu duk da haka an zargi na biyu misali, kuma insincerity a yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa. Da yawa sun lura cewa Ribadu ya bi abokan maƙiya na maigidansa, Obasanjo, yayin da yake kare abokan tsohon shugaban. Sanannen daga masu sukar sa shine lauya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Legas, Fetus Keyamo wanda ya bayyana janye tuhumar da ake yi wa Ribadu a matsayin kuskure ne kwata-kwata, rashin hankali, gaba ɗaya wayayye ne kuma mara kyau. Ya zuwa yanzu, babu daya daga cikin zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa da aka tabbatar. Jaridu da dama da suka jagoranci sukar Ribadu mallakar wasu mutane ne da ke fuskantar tuhumar cin hanci da rashawa. Ribadu a ko yaushe yana ƙarfafawa matasa gwiwa don zama canjin da suke nema. A karo na huɗu na "Project Mentor-Me" wanda wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke kira Group of Patriotic Corpers (GPC) ta shirya a Abuja, ya sa masu sauraro su yi duba na tsanaki game da zaɓin rayuwarsu da yadda take tsara makomarsu. Blossom Nnodim ya goyi bayansa wanda sananne ne musamman game da Social Media don sakonnin Social Good. == Cin hanci da zalunci == Yayin gudanar da aikinsa an ba Ribadu cin hanci don karkatar da tsarin adalci, daga cikin waɗannan akwai wani Gwamnan Jihar da ya ba Ribadu dala miliyan 15 da gida a waje. An yi hira da shi daga [[Washington DC]] . a shirin BBC na Hardtalk, Ribadu ya ce ya karɓi kuɗin kuma ya yi amfani da cin hanci a matsayin hujja wajen gurfanar da gwamnan jihar. Tsohon gwamnan ya ƙaryata wannan iƙirarin wanda ya lura cewa Ribadu ya sanya kuɗin a CBN ba hujja bane cewa ya bayar da kuɗin. Ribadu ya tsallake yunƙurin hallaka shi sau biyu a Najeriya kafin ya bar ƙasar zuwa Kasar Ingila a farkon shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |title=Corruption Case Exposes Scope of Bribery in Nigeria |publisher=Pbs.org |date=2009-04-24 |accessdate=2015-04-06 |archive-date=2014-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122033905/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |accessdate=11 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184220/http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |archivedate=3 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huhuonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=483:james-ibori-to-nuhu-ribadu-you-are-pitiable-fugitive-from-justice&catid=103:more-news&Itemid=333 |title=huhuonline |publisher=Huhuonline.com |date=2012-12-13 |accessdate=2015-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|title=Nuhu Ribadu, fearless, relentless against fraud|date=2018-03-29|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2021-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302231706/https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=removal>{{cite news |first=Kingsley |last= Omonobi |author2=Emmanuel Ulayi |title= EFCC: Okiro confirms Ribadu's exit|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3759&Itemid=41 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher= Vanguard Media|date=27 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Chioma |last= Gabriel |author2= Emmanuel Aziken and Leon Usigbe |title= Soyinka, Reps, others condemn Ribadu's removal |url= http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3829&Itemid=0 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher=Vanguard Media |date=29 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 "Nuhu Ribadu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607104532/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 |date=7 June 2011 }} Center for Global Development, accessed 22 February 2010</ref> [[File:Nuhu-nasir-femi.jpg|thumb|Nuhu Ribadu]] A watan Disambar shekara ta 2007, Sufeto-Janar na ’Yan sanda Mike Okiro ya ba da umarnin cire Ribadu na wani lokaci daga muƙaminsa na shugaban EFCC kuma ya umurce shi da ya halarci Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Ƙasa da Dabaru (NIPSS) da ke Kuru, [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] don wani tilas. -shekar hanya. An soki shawarar tare da wasu, Nobel Laureate [[Wole Soyinka]], mambobin majalisar wakilai, da shugaban jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) na kasa Edwin Ume-Ezeoke a matsayin masu siyasa da kuma / ko kuma na iya kawo koma baya ga yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. A ranar 22 ga watan Disambar shekara ta 2008, kamar yadda aka yi hasashe, an kore shi daga rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya ta Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan' Yan Sanda ta Najeriya (PSC). Ya bar Nijeriya kuma a cikin Afrilu ya sami haɗin kai a Cibiyar Ci Gaban Duniya. Ya dawo ya koma ACN a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa a zaɓen shekara ta 2011. == Lambobin yabo na duniya == A ranar 15 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2008, Nuhu Ribadu ya karbi lambar yabo ta [[Bankin Duniya]] na shekara ta 2008 na Jit Gill na Tunawa da Fitaccen ma’aikacin Gwamnati, saboda ya jagoranci jajircewar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya, a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Yaƙi da Masu Yi wa Tattalin Arziƙi Tu’annati (EFCC). A ranar 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2008, Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Sanda a Najeriya ta sanar da rage darajar Ribadu daga Mataimakin Sufeto-Janar na 'Yan sanda (AIG) zuwa Mataimakin Kwamishinan' yan sanda. Tsohon shugaban kasa Olusegun Obasanjo ya daukaka darajar Ribadu zuwa AIG makwanni kadan kafin karshen wa'adin mulkin sa a cikin shekara ta 2007.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112044350/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms|date=12 January 2009}}</ref><ref>[http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915080204/http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html|date=15 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2008/12/30/updated-nuhu-ribadu-dragged-out-nipss-graduation-hall-wife-and-children-removed|title=UPDATED: Nuhu Ribadu Dragged Out Of NIPSS Graduation Hall, wife and Children Removed.|last=BabaGboin|date=2008-12-30|website=Sahara Reporters|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|title=Ribadu, Making A Return to EFCC as Chairman|date=2016-03-18|website=The Street Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2019-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116152615/http://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bivan |first1=Nathaniel |title=Ribadu bags global 'lifetime achievement' award |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |accessdate=7 January 2019 |work=Daily Trust |publisher=Daily trust |date=8 December 2018 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107181057/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2008, an zubar da karatunsa daga NIPSS Kuru, Jihar Filato a minti na ƙarshe. Malam Nuhu Ribadu, wanda aka fara zama a cikin zauren tare da sauran waɗanda suka kammala karatu, an ba shi umarnin fita daga zauren ne bisa umarnin manyan jami’an gwamnati. An yi tofin Allah tsine daga ko ina cikin duniya don jinyar da ya yi. A ranar 8 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2018, ya samu lambar yabo ta ci gaban duniya a kan yaƙin cin hanci da rashawa. An bayar da lambar yabon ne daga cibiyar bincike da ke Katar, Rule of Law and Anti-corruption Center (ROLACC) == Mai Bada Shawara Kan Tsaro ga Shugaba Tinubu == Shugaban kasa, Bola Tinubu ya nada Nuhu Ribadu a matsayin sabon mai baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro (NSA). Wannan sanarwa ta fito daga ofishin sakataren gwamnatin tarayya ne wanda ya tabbatar da nadin ta shafinsa na Twitter a ranar 19 ga June 2023.<ref>https://nairametrics.com/2023/06/19/tinubu-appoints-nuhu-ribadu-as-national-security-adviser/</ref><ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/605501-nuhu-ribadu-profile-of-new-national-security-adviser.html</ref> A matsayinsa na NSA, Mista Ribadu ne zai ɗauki nauyin baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan duk wani abu da ya shafi tsaron Najeriya da ‘yan kasa. Haka kuma zai haɗa ayyukan hukumomin tsaro da na leken asiri daban-daban da ke karkashin sa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sun hada da Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Defence (DIA), Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa (NIA), Hukumar Tsaron Kasa (DSS), da kuma Rundunar ‘yan sandan Nijeriya (NPF).<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/06/nuhu-ribadu-first-nigerias-nsa-from-non-military-background-since-1999/</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.efccnigeria.org Shafin yanar gizo na Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Tattalin Arziki (EFCC)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101217153052/http://ribadu2011.com/ Inji Nuhu Ribadu na shafin yakin neman zaben Shugaban kasa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151123062947/http://www.medianigeria.com/25258/nuhu-ribadu-is-a-tyrant-fg/ An sami rashin fahimta tare da FG na Najeriya] [[Category:'Yan sandan Najeriya]] [[Category:Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] [[Category:Mutane daga Adamawa]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9bjmpt71xq2y7py1kf2gdvf61ijkqkz 827726 827719 2026-04-29T13:17:13Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rashawa da EFCC */ 827726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Malam Nuhu Ribadu''' MNI (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif dubu daya da Ɗari Tara da sittin(1960) tsohon [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|jami’in ’yan sandan Nijeriya ne]] kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] wanda ya kasance Babban mai bai wa shugaban ƙasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro wato National security advisor ( N.S.A).<ref>Arise News National Security Adviser Ribadu Attributes Northern Nigeria's Insecurity to Mass Illiteracy 19 Apr 2024</ref> Kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Haraji ta Man Fetur kuma tsohon jami’in yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnatin Najeriya. Ya kasance da majagaba, shugaban [[Najeriya|Najeriya]] <ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://punchng.com/tinubu-celebrates-as-nigeria-sells-gold-injects-5m-into-economy/%3Famp&ved=2ahUKEwjxkYrl2fOGAxUNXUEAHV_sAJ8QyM8BKAB6BAgQEAE&usg=AOvVaw3Xf5WE758v4u2mvR5kIYt7</nowiki></ref>'s tattalin arziƙin Laifukan Hukumar (E.F.C.C),<ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref> <ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref>da gwamnatin hukumar tallafa da kalubalantar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma zamba cikin aminci. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009, ya zama dan baki a Cibiyar Ci Gaban [[Duniya]]. Ya yi gudun hijira har zuwa shekara ta 2010 lokacin da ya dawo gida [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":0" /> ya kuma bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar Shugabancin Najeriya a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN).<ref>Vanguard News ACN picks Nuhu Ribadu as Presidential candidate 14 Jan 2011</ref>Ranar Juma'a, 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2011, Nuhu Ribadu ya zama ɗan takarar [[shugaban ƙasa]] na jam'iyyar ACN. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, ya sauya sheƙa zuwa jam’iyya mai mulki ta PDP da nufin tsayawa takarar Gwamnan Jihar Adamawa a Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. == Ilimi == Ribadu ya yi karatun lauya a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] <ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://dailytimesng.com/theapilifestyle-receives-distinguished-personality-award-from-ahmadu-bello-university-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwiKps-Q2fOGAxVNXUEAHWkTCvUQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw0FunxirWBQ4W7dcGXqjflu</nowiki></ref>[[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|da]] ke [[Zariya]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://guardian.ng/army-chief-escapes-assassination-as-soldiers-shiites-clash-in-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwjt57my2vOGAxUSVEEAHeLOCDEQxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&usg=AOvVaw1-hmDWCAtr179-g2serOri</nowiki></ref>, a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] daga shekara ta 1980 zuwa shekara ta 1983, inda ya yi karatun Digiri na farko a fannin Shari’a. Bayan shekara guda a Makarantar Koyon Lauya ta Najeriya, sai aka kira shi Bar a cikin shekara ta 1984. Ya kuma samu digiri na biyu a fannin Lauyoyi daga wannan jami'ar. Shi dan TED ne kuma Babban Mataimaki a Kwalejin St. Antony, [[Jami'ar Oxford]], UK. == Rashawa da EFCC == Shugaban ƙasar [[Najeriya]], Olusegun Obasanjo, ya naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) a shekarar 2003, sannan ya sake naɗa shi a 2007, tare da ɗaga shi zuwa mukamin Mataimakin Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda (Assistant Inspector General of Police). Wannan karin girma da aka yi masa a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007, makonni uku kafin sabon shugaban ƙasa da aka zaɓa, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, ya kama aiki, daga baya an ƙalubalanci shi da cewa “ba bisa ƙa’ida ba ne, ya saɓa wa kundin tsarin mulki, ba shi da inganci kuma ba shi da wani tasiri na doka.” A watan Disamba 2007, Mike Okiro, Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda, ya bayyana cewa za a cire Nuhu Ribadu daga shugabancin EFCC domin ya halarci horon shekara guda. Shaidun Nuhu Ribadu sun taimaka wajen hukunta ƴan kasuwar ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka bayar da cin hanci yayin da suke kasuwanci a Najeriya. Ribadu duk da haka an zargi na biyu misali, kuma insincerity a yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa. Da yawa sun lura cewa Ribadu ya bi abokan maƙiya na maigidansa, Obasanjo, yayin da yake kare abokan tsohon shugaban. Sanannen daga masu sukar sa shine lauya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Legas, Fetus Keyamo wanda ya bayyana janye tuhumar da ake yi wa Ribadu a matsayin kuskure ne kwata-kwata, rashin hankali, gaba ɗaya wayayye ne kuma mara kyau. Ya zuwa yanzu, babu daya daga cikin zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa da aka tabbatar. Jaridu da dama da suka jagoranci sukar Ribadu mallakar wasu mutane ne da ke fuskantar tuhumar cin hanci da rashawa. Ribadu a ko yaushe yana ƙarfafawa matasa gwiwa don zama canjin da suke nema. A karo na huɗu na "Project Mentor-Me" wanda wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke kira Group of Patriotic Corpers (GPC) ta shirya a Abuja, ya sa masu sauraro su yi duba na tsanaki game da zaɓin rayuwarsu da yadda take tsara makomarsu. Blossom Nnodim ya goyi bayansa wanda sananne ne musamman game da Social Media don sakonnin Social Good. == Cin hanci da zalunci == Yayin gudanar da aikinsa an ba Ribadu cin hanci don karkatar da tsarin adalci, daga cikin waɗannan akwai wani Gwamnan Jihar da ya ba Ribadu dala miliyan 15 da gida a waje. An yi hira da shi daga [[Washington DC]] . a shirin BBC na Hardtalk, Ribadu ya ce ya karɓi kuɗin kuma ya yi amfani da cin hanci a matsayin hujja wajen gurfanar da gwamnan jihar. Tsohon gwamnan ya ƙaryata wannan iƙirarin wanda ya lura cewa Ribadu ya sanya kuɗin a CBN ba hujja bane cewa ya bayar da kuɗin. Ribadu ya tsallake yunƙurin hallaka shi sau biyu a Najeriya kafin ya bar ƙasar zuwa Kasar Ingila a farkon shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |title=Corruption Case Exposes Scope of Bribery in Nigeria |publisher=Pbs.org |date=2009-04-24 |accessdate=2015-04-06 |archive-date=2014-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122033905/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |accessdate=11 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184220/http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |archivedate=3 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huhuonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=483:james-ibori-to-nuhu-ribadu-you-are-pitiable-fugitive-from-justice&catid=103:more-news&Itemid=333 |title=huhuonline |publisher=Huhuonline.com |date=2012-12-13 |accessdate=2015-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|title=Nuhu Ribadu, fearless, relentless against fraud|date=2018-03-29|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2021-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302231706/https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=removal>{{cite news |first=Kingsley |last= Omonobi |author2=Emmanuel Ulayi |title= EFCC: Okiro confirms Ribadu's exit|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3759&Itemid=41 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher= Vanguard Media|date=27 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Chioma |last= Gabriel |author2= Emmanuel Aziken and Leon Usigbe |title= Soyinka, Reps, others condemn Ribadu's removal |url= http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3829&Itemid=0 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher=Vanguard Media |date=29 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 "Nuhu Ribadu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607104532/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 |date=7 June 2011 }} Center for Global Development, accessed 22 February 2010</ref> [[File:Nuhu-nasir-femi.jpg|thumb|Nuhu Ribadu]] A watan Disambar shekara ta 2007, Sufeto-Janar na ’Yan sanda Mike Okiro ya ba da umarnin cire Ribadu na wani lokaci daga muƙaminsa na shugaban EFCC kuma ya umurce shi da ya halarci Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Ƙasa da Dabaru (NIPSS) da ke Kuru, [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] don wani tilas. -shekar hanya. An soki shawarar tare da wasu, Nobel Laureate [[Wole Soyinka]], mambobin majalisar wakilai, da shugaban jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) na kasa Edwin Ume-Ezeoke a matsayin masu siyasa da kuma / ko kuma na iya kawo koma baya ga yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. A ranar 22 ga watan Disambar shekara ta 2008, kamar yadda aka yi hasashe, an kore shi daga rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya ta Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan' Yan Sanda ta Najeriya (PSC). Ya bar Nijeriya kuma a cikin Afrilu ya sami haɗin kai a Cibiyar Ci Gaban Duniya. Ya dawo ya koma ACN a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa a zaɓen shekara ta 2011. == Lambobin yabo na duniya == A ranar 15 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2008, Nuhu Ribadu ya karbi lambar yabo ta [[Bankin Duniya]] na shekara ta 2008 na Jit Gill na Tunawa da Fitaccen ma’aikacin Gwamnati, saboda ya jagoranci jajircewar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya, a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Yaƙi da Masu Yi wa Tattalin Arziƙi Tu’annati (EFCC). A ranar 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2008, Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Sanda a Najeriya ta sanar da rage darajar Ribadu daga Mataimakin Sufeto-Janar na 'Yan sanda (AIG) zuwa Mataimakin Kwamishinan' yan sanda. Tsohon shugaban kasa Olusegun Obasanjo ya daukaka darajar Ribadu zuwa AIG makwanni kadan kafin karshen wa'adin mulkin sa a cikin shekara ta 2007.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112044350/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms|date=12 January 2009}}</ref><ref>[http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915080204/http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html|date=15 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2008/12/30/updated-nuhu-ribadu-dragged-out-nipss-graduation-hall-wife-and-children-removed|title=UPDATED: Nuhu Ribadu Dragged Out Of NIPSS Graduation Hall, wife and Children Removed.|last=BabaGboin|date=2008-12-30|website=Sahara Reporters|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|title=Ribadu, Making A Return to EFCC as Chairman|date=2016-03-18|website=The Street Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2019-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116152615/http://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bivan |first1=Nathaniel |title=Ribadu bags global 'lifetime achievement' award |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |accessdate=7 January 2019 |work=Daily Trust |publisher=Daily trust |date=8 December 2018 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107181057/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2008, an zubar da karatunsa daga NIPSS Kuru, Jihar Filato a minti na ƙarshe. Malam Nuhu Ribadu, wanda aka fara zama a cikin zauren tare da sauran waɗanda suka kammala karatu, an ba shi umarnin fita daga zauren ne bisa umarnin manyan jami’an gwamnati. An yi tofin Allah tsine daga ko ina cikin duniya don jinyar da ya yi. A ranar 8 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2018, ya samu lambar yabo ta ci gaban duniya a kan yaƙin cin hanci da rashawa. An bayar da lambar yabon ne daga cibiyar bincike da ke Katar, Rule of Law and Anti-corruption Center (ROLACC) == Mai Bada Shawara Kan Tsaro ga Shugaba Tinubu == Shugaban kasa, Bola Tinubu ya nada Nuhu Ribadu a matsayin sabon mai baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro (NSA). Wannan sanarwa ta fito daga ofishin sakataren gwamnatin tarayya ne wanda ya tabbatar da nadin ta shafinsa na Twitter a ranar 19 ga June 2023.<ref>https://nairametrics.com/2023/06/19/tinubu-appoints-nuhu-ribadu-as-national-security-adviser/</ref><ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/605501-nuhu-ribadu-profile-of-new-national-security-adviser.html</ref> A matsayinsa na NSA, Mista Ribadu ne zai ɗauki nauyin baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan duk wani abu da ya shafi tsaron Najeriya da ‘yan kasa. Haka kuma zai haɗa ayyukan hukumomin tsaro da na leken asiri daban-daban da ke karkashin sa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sun hada da Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Defence (DIA), Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa (NIA), Hukumar Tsaron Kasa (DSS), da kuma Rundunar ‘yan sandan Nijeriya (NPF).<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/06/nuhu-ribadu-first-nigerias-nsa-from-non-military-background-since-1999/</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.efccnigeria.org Shafin yanar gizo na Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Tattalin Arziki (EFCC)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101217153052/http://ribadu2011.com/ Inji Nuhu Ribadu na shafin yakin neman zaben Shugaban kasa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151123062947/http://www.medianigeria.com/25258/nuhu-ribadu-is-a-tyrant-fg/ An sami rashin fahimta tare da FG na Najeriya] [[Category:'Yan sandan Najeriya]] [[Category:Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] [[Category:Mutane daga Adamawa]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] n6ayzhfdtsrjls4e9t1uopdpwa5rwbg 827727 827726 2026-04-29T13:17:40Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rashawa da EFCC */ 827727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Malam Nuhu Ribadu''' MNI (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif dubu daya da Ɗari Tara da sittin(1960) tsohon [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|jami’in ’yan sandan Nijeriya ne]] kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] wanda ya kasance Babban mai bai wa shugaban ƙasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro wato National security advisor ( N.S.A).<ref>Arise News National Security Adviser Ribadu Attributes Northern Nigeria's Insecurity to Mass Illiteracy 19 Apr 2024</ref> Kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Haraji ta Man Fetur kuma tsohon jami’in yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnatin Najeriya. Ya kasance da majagaba, shugaban [[Najeriya|Najeriya]] <ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://punchng.com/tinubu-celebrates-as-nigeria-sells-gold-injects-5m-into-economy/%3Famp&ved=2ahUKEwjxkYrl2fOGAxUNXUEAHV_sAJ8QyM8BKAB6BAgQEAE&usg=AOvVaw3Xf5WE758v4u2mvR5kIYt7</nowiki></ref>'s tattalin arziƙin Laifukan Hukumar (E.F.C.C),<ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref> <ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref>da gwamnatin hukumar tallafa da kalubalantar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma zamba cikin aminci. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009, ya zama dan baki a Cibiyar Ci Gaban [[Duniya]]. Ya yi gudun hijira har zuwa shekara ta 2010 lokacin da ya dawo gida [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":0" /> ya kuma bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar Shugabancin Najeriya a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN).<ref>Vanguard News ACN picks Nuhu Ribadu as Presidential candidate 14 Jan 2011</ref>Ranar Juma'a, 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2011, Nuhu Ribadu ya zama ɗan takarar [[shugaban ƙasa]] na jam'iyyar ACN. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, ya sauya sheƙa zuwa jam’iyya mai mulki ta PDP da nufin tsayawa takarar Gwamnan Jihar Adamawa a Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. == Ilimi == Ribadu ya yi karatun lauya a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] <ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://dailytimesng.com/theapilifestyle-receives-distinguished-personality-award-from-ahmadu-bello-university-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwiKps-Q2fOGAxVNXUEAHWkTCvUQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw0FunxirWBQ4W7dcGXqjflu</nowiki></ref>[[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|da]] ke [[Zariya]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://guardian.ng/army-chief-escapes-assassination-as-soldiers-shiites-clash-in-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwjt57my2vOGAxUSVEEAHeLOCDEQxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&usg=AOvVaw1-hmDWCAtr179-g2serOri</nowiki></ref>, a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] daga shekara ta 1980 zuwa shekara ta 1983, inda ya yi karatun Digiri na farko a fannin Shari’a. Bayan shekara guda a Makarantar Koyon Lauya ta Najeriya, sai aka kira shi Bar a cikin shekara ta 1984. Ya kuma samu digiri na biyu a fannin Lauyoyi daga wannan jami'ar. Shi dan TED ne kuma Babban Mataimaki a Kwalejin St. Antony, [[Jami'ar Oxford]], UK. == Rashawa da EFCC == Shugaban ƙasar [[Najeriya]], [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], ya naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) a shekarar 2003, sannan ya sake naɗa shi a 2007, tare da ɗaga shi zuwa mukamin Mataimakin Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda (Assistant Inspector General of Police). Wannan karin girma da aka yi masa a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007, makonni uku kafin sabon shugaban ƙasa da aka zaɓa, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, ya kama aiki, daga baya an ƙalubalanci shi da cewa “ba bisa ƙa’ida ba ne, ya saɓa wa kundin tsarin mulki, ba shi da inganci kuma ba shi da wani tasiri na doka.” A watan Disamba 2007, Mike Okiro, Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda, ya bayyana cewa za a cire Nuhu Ribadu daga shugabancin EFCC domin ya halarci horon shekara guda. Shaidun Nuhu Ribadu sun taimaka wajen hukunta ƴan kasuwar ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka bayar da cin hanci yayin da suke kasuwanci a Najeriya. Ribadu duk da haka an zargi na biyu misali, kuma insincerity a yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa. Da yawa sun lura cewa Ribadu ya bi abokan maƙiya na maigidansa, Obasanjo, yayin da yake kare abokan tsohon shugaban. Sanannen daga masu sukar sa shine lauya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Legas, Fetus Keyamo wanda ya bayyana janye tuhumar da ake yi wa Ribadu a matsayin kuskure ne kwata-kwata, rashin hankali, gaba ɗaya wayayye ne kuma mara kyau. Ya zuwa yanzu, babu daya daga cikin zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa da aka tabbatar. Jaridu da dama da suka jagoranci sukar Ribadu mallakar wasu mutane ne da ke fuskantar tuhumar cin hanci da rashawa. Ribadu a ko yaushe yana ƙarfafawa matasa gwiwa don zama canjin da suke nema. A karo na huɗu na "Project Mentor-Me" wanda wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke kira Group of Patriotic Corpers (GPC) ta shirya a Abuja, ya sa masu sauraro su yi duba na tsanaki game da zaɓin rayuwarsu da yadda take tsara makomarsu. Blossom Nnodim ya goyi bayansa wanda sananne ne musamman game da Social Media don sakonnin Social Good. == Cin hanci da zalunci == Yayin gudanar da aikinsa an ba Ribadu cin hanci don karkatar da tsarin adalci, daga cikin waɗannan akwai wani Gwamnan Jihar da ya ba Ribadu dala miliyan 15 da gida a waje. An yi hira da shi daga [[Washington DC]] . a shirin BBC na Hardtalk, Ribadu ya ce ya karɓi kuɗin kuma ya yi amfani da cin hanci a matsayin hujja wajen gurfanar da gwamnan jihar. Tsohon gwamnan ya ƙaryata wannan iƙirarin wanda ya lura cewa Ribadu ya sanya kuɗin a CBN ba hujja bane cewa ya bayar da kuɗin. Ribadu ya tsallake yunƙurin hallaka shi sau biyu a Najeriya kafin ya bar ƙasar zuwa Kasar Ingila a farkon shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |title=Corruption Case Exposes Scope of Bribery in Nigeria |publisher=Pbs.org |date=2009-04-24 |accessdate=2015-04-06 |archive-date=2014-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122033905/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |accessdate=11 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184220/http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |archivedate=3 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huhuonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=483:james-ibori-to-nuhu-ribadu-you-are-pitiable-fugitive-from-justice&catid=103:more-news&Itemid=333 |title=huhuonline |publisher=Huhuonline.com |date=2012-12-13 |accessdate=2015-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|title=Nuhu Ribadu, fearless, relentless against fraud|date=2018-03-29|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2021-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302231706/https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=removal>{{cite news |first=Kingsley |last= Omonobi |author2=Emmanuel Ulayi |title= EFCC: Okiro confirms Ribadu's exit|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3759&Itemid=41 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher= Vanguard Media|date=27 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Chioma |last= Gabriel |author2= Emmanuel Aziken and Leon Usigbe |title= Soyinka, Reps, others condemn Ribadu's removal |url= http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3829&Itemid=0 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher=Vanguard Media |date=29 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 "Nuhu Ribadu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607104532/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 |date=7 June 2011 }} Center for Global Development, accessed 22 February 2010</ref> [[File:Nuhu-nasir-femi.jpg|thumb|Nuhu Ribadu]] A watan Disambar shekara ta 2007, Sufeto-Janar na ’Yan sanda Mike Okiro ya ba da umarnin cire Ribadu na wani lokaci daga muƙaminsa na shugaban EFCC kuma ya umurce shi da ya halarci Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Ƙasa da Dabaru (NIPSS) da ke Kuru, [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] don wani tilas. -shekar hanya. An soki shawarar tare da wasu, Nobel Laureate [[Wole Soyinka]], mambobin majalisar wakilai, da shugaban jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) na kasa Edwin Ume-Ezeoke a matsayin masu siyasa da kuma / ko kuma na iya kawo koma baya ga yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. A ranar 22 ga watan Disambar shekara ta 2008, kamar yadda aka yi hasashe, an kore shi daga rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya ta Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan' Yan Sanda ta Najeriya (PSC). Ya bar Nijeriya kuma a cikin Afrilu ya sami haɗin kai a Cibiyar Ci Gaban Duniya. Ya dawo ya koma ACN a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa a zaɓen shekara ta 2011. == Lambobin yabo na duniya == A ranar 15 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2008, Nuhu Ribadu ya karbi lambar yabo ta [[Bankin Duniya]] na shekara ta 2008 na Jit Gill na Tunawa da Fitaccen ma’aikacin Gwamnati, saboda ya jagoranci jajircewar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya, a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Yaƙi da Masu Yi wa Tattalin Arziƙi Tu’annati (EFCC). A ranar 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2008, Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Sanda a Najeriya ta sanar da rage darajar Ribadu daga Mataimakin Sufeto-Janar na 'Yan sanda (AIG) zuwa Mataimakin Kwamishinan' yan sanda. Tsohon shugaban kasa Olusegun Obasanjo ya daukaka darajar Ribadu zuwa AIG makwanni kadan kafin karshen wa'adin mulkin sa a cikin shekara ta 2007.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112044350/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms|date=12 January 2009}}</ref><ref>[http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915080204/http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html|date=15 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2008/12/30/updated-nuhu-ribadu-dragged-out-nipss-graduation-hall-wife-and-children-removed|title=UPDATED: Nuhu Ribadu Dragged Out Of NIPSS Graduation Hall, wife and Children Removed.|last=BabaGboin|date=2008-12-30|website=Sahara Reporters|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|title=Ribadu, Making A Return to EFCC as Chairman|date=2016-03-18|website=The Street Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2019-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116152615/http://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bivan |first1=Nathaniel |title=Ribadu bags global 'lifetime achievement' award |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |accessdate=7 January 2019 |work=Daily Trust |publisher=Daily trust |date=8 December 2018 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107181057/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2008, an zubar da karatunsa daga NIPSS Kuru, Jihar Filato a minti na ƙarshe. Malam Nuhu Ribadu, wanda aka fara zama a cikin zauren tare da sauran waɗanda suka kammala karatu, an ba shi umarnin fita daga zauren ne bisa umarnin manyan jami’an gwamnati. An yi tofin Allah tsine daga ko ina cikin duniya don jinyar da ya yi. A ranar 8 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2018, ya samu lambar yabo ta ci gaban duniya a kan yaƙin cin hanci da rashawa. An bayar da lambar yabon ne daga cibiyar bincike da ke Katar, Rule of Law and Anti-corruption Center (ROLACC) == Mai Bada Shawara Kan Tsaro ga Shugaba Tinubu == Shugaban kasa, Bola Tinubu ya nada Nuhu Ribadu a matsayin sabon mai baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro (NSA). Wannan sanarwa ta fito daga ofishin sakataren gwamnatin tarayya ne wanda ya tabbatar da nadin ta shafinsa na Twitter a ranar 19 ga June 2023.<ref>https://nairametrics.com/2023/06/19/tinubu-appoints-nuhu-ribadu-as-national-security-adviser/</ref><ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/605501-nuhu-ribadu-profile-of-new-national-security-adviser.html</ref> A matsayinsa na NSA, Mista Ribadu ne zai ɗauki nauyin baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan duk wani abu da ya shafi tsaron Najeriya da ‘yan kasa. Haka kuma zai haɗa ayyukan hukumomin tsaro da na leken asiri daban-daban da ke karkashin sa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sun hada da Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Defence (DIA), Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa (NIA), Hukumar Tsaron Kasa (DSS), da kuma Rundunar ‘yan sandan Nijeriya (NPF).<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/06/nuhu-ribadu-first-nigerias-nsa-from-non-military-background-since-1999/</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.efccnigeria.org Shafin yanar gizo na Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Tattalin Arziki (EFCC)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101217153052/http://ribadu2011.com/ Inji Nuhu Ribadu na shafin yakin neman zaben Shugaban kasa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151123062947/http://www.medianigeria.com/25258/nuhu-ribadu-is-a-tyrant-fg/ An sami rashin fahimta tare da FG na Najeriya] [[Category:'Yan sandan Najeriya]] [[Category:Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] [[Category:Mutane daga Adamawa]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gyx3ta31ulw9bhwso9igmnrxhnmrqth 827728 827727 2026-04-29T13:18:19Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rashawa da EFCC */ 827728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Malam Nuhu Ribadu''' MNI (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif dubu daya da Ɗari Tara da sittin(1960) tsohon [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|jami’in ’yan sandan Nijeriya ne]] kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] wanda ya kasance Babban mai bai wa shugaban ƙasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro wato National security advisor ( N.S.A).<ref>Arise News National Security Adviser Ribadu Attributes Northern Nigeria's Insecurity to Mass Illiteracy 19 Apr 2024</ref> Kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Haraji ta Man Fetur kuma tsohon jami’in yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnatin Najeriya. Ya kasance da majagaba, shugaban [[Najeriya|Najeriya]] <ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://punchng.com/tinubu-celebrates-as-nigeria-sells-gold-injects-5m-into-economy/%3Famp&ved=2ahUKEwjxkYrl2fOGAxUNXUEAHV_sAJ8QyM8BKAB6BAgQEAE&usg=AOvVaw3Xf5WE758v4u2mvR5kIYt7</nowiki></ref>'s tattalin arziƙin Laifukan Hukumar (E.F.C.C),<ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref> <ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref>da gwamnatin hukumar tallafa da kalubalantar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma zamba cikin aminci. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009, ya zama dan baki a Cibiyar Ci Gaban [[Duniya]]. Ya yi gudun hijira har zuwa shekara ta 2010 lokacin da ya dawo gida [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":0" /> ya kuma bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar Shugabancin Najeriya a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN).<ref>Vanguard News ACN picks Nuhu Ribadu as Presidential candidate 14 Jan 2011</ref>Ranar Juma'a, 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2011, Nuhu Ribadu ya zama ɗan takarar [[shugaban ƙasa]] na jam'iyyar ACN. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, ya sauya sheƙa zuwa jam’iyya mai mulki ta PDP da nufin tsayawa takarar Gwamnan Jihar Adamawa a Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. == Ilimi == Ribadu ya yi karatun lauya a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] <ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://dailytimesng.com/theapilifestyle-receives-distinguished-personality-award-from-ahmadu-bello-university-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwiKps-Q2fOGAxVNXUEAHWkTCvUQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw0FunxirWBQ4W7dcGXqjflu</nowiki></ref>[[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|da]] ke [[Zariya]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://guardian.ng/army-chief-escapes-assassination-as-soldiers-shiites-clash-in-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwjt57my2vOGAxUSVEEAHeLOCDEQxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&usg=AOvVaw1-hmDWCAtr179-g2serOri</nowiki></ref>, a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] daga shekara ta 1980 zuwa shekara ta 1983, inda ya yi karatun Digiri na farko a fannin Shari’a. Bayan shekara guda a Makarantar Koyon Lauya ta Najeriya, sai aka kira shi Bar a cikin shekara ta 1984. Ya kuma samu digiri na biyu a fannin Lauyoyi daga wannan jami'ar. Shi dan TED ne kuma Babban Mataimaki a Kwalejin St. Antony, [[Jami'ar Oxford]], UK. == Rashawa da EFCC == Shugaban ƙasar [[Najeriya]], [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], ya naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban [[Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] (EFCC) a shekarar 2003, sannan ya sake naɗa shi a 2007, tare da ɗaga shi zuwa mukamin Mataimakin Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda (Assistant Inspector General of Police). Wannan karin girma da aka yi masa a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007, makonni uku kafin sabon shugaban ƙasa da aka zaɓa, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, ya kama aiki, daga baya an ƙalubalanci shi da cewa “ba bisa ƙa’ida ba ne, ya saɓa wa kundin tsarin mulki, ba shi da inganci kuma ba shi da wani tasiri na doka.” A watan Disamba 2007, Mike Okiro, Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda, ya bayyana cewa za a cire Nuhu Ribadu daga shugabancin EFCC domin ya halarci horon shekara guda. Shaidun Nuhu Ribadu sun taimaka wajen hukunta ƴan kasuwar ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka bayar da cin hanci yayin da suke kasuwanci a Najeriya. Ribadu duk da haka an zargi na biyu misali, kuma insincerity a yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa. Da yawa sun lura cewa Ribadu ya bi abokan maƙiya na maigidansa, Obasanjo, yayin da yake kare abokan tsohon shugaban. Sanannen daga masu sukar sa shine lauya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Legas, Fetus Keyamo wanda ya bayyana janye tuhumar da ake yi wa Ribadu a matsayin kuskure ne kwata-kwata, rashin hankali, gaba ɗaya wayayye ne kuma mara kyau. Ya zuwa yanzu, babu daya daga cikin zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa da aka tabbatar. Jaridu da dama da suka jagoranci sukar Ribadu mallakar wasu mutane ne da ke fuskantar tuhumar cin hanci da rashawa. Ribadu a ko yaushe yana ƙarfafawa matasa gwiwa don zama canjin da suke nema. A karo na huɗu na "Project Mentor-Me" wanda wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke kira Group of Patriotic Corpers (GPC) ta shirya a Abuja, ya sa masu sauraro su yi duba na tsanaki game da zaɓin rayuwarsu da yadda take tsara makomarsu. Blossom Nnodim ya goyi bayansa wanda sananne ne musamman game da Social Media don sakonnin Social Good. == Cin hanci da zalunci == Yayin gudanar da aikinsa an ba Ribadu cin hanci don karkatar da tsarin adalci, daga cikin waɗannan akwai wani Gwamnan Jihar da ya ba Ribadu dala miliyan 15 da gida a waje. An yi hira da shi daga [[Washington DC]] . a shirin BBC na Hardtalk, Ribadu ya ce ya karɓi kuɗin kuma ya yi amfani da cin hanci a matsayin hujja wajen gurfanar da gwamnan jihar. Tsohon gwamnan ya ƙaryata wannan iƙirarin wanda ya lura cewa Ribadu ya sanya kuɗin a CBN ba hujja bane cewa ya bayar da kuɗin. Ribadu ya tsallake yunƙurin hallaka shi sau biyu a Najeriya kafin ya bar ƙasar zuwa Kasar Ingila a farkon shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |title=Corruption Case Exposes Scope of Bribery in Nigeria |publisher=Pbs.org |date=2009-04-24 |accessdate=2015-04-06 |archive-date=2014-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122033905/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |accessdate=11 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184220/http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |archivedate=3 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huhuonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=483:james-ibori-to-nuhu-ribadu-you-are-pitiable-fugitive-from-justice&catid=103:more-news&Itemid=333 |title=huhuonline |publisher=Huhuonline.com |date=2012-12-13 |accessdate=2015-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|title=Nuhu Ribadu, fearless, relentless against fraud|date=2018-03-29|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2021-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302231706/https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=removal>{{cite news |first=Kingsley |last= Omonobi |author2=Emmanuel Ulayi |title= EFCC: Okiro confirms Ribadu's exit|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3759&Itemid=41 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher= Vanguard Media|date=27 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Chioma |last= Gabriel |author2= Emmanuel Aziken and Leon Usigbe |title= Soyinka, Reps, others condemn Ribadu's removal |url= http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3829&Itemid=0 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher=Vanguard Media |date=29 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 "Nuhu Ribadu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607104532/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 |date=7 June 2011 }} Center for Global Development, accessed 22 February 2010</ref> [[File:Nuhu-nasir-femi.jpg|thumb|Nuhu Ribadu]] A watan Disambar shekara ta 2007, Sufeto-Janar na ’Yan sanda Mike Okiro ya ba da umarnin cire Ribadu na wani lokaci daga muƙaminsa na shugaban EFCC kuma ya umurce shi da ya halarci Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Ƙasa da Dabaru (NIPSS) da ke Kuru, [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] don wani tilas. -shekar hanya. An soki shawarar tare da wasu, Nobel Laureate [[Wole Soyinka]], mambobin majalisar wakilai, da shugaban jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) na kasa Edwin Ume-Ezeoke a matsayin masu siyasa da kuma / ko kuma na iya kawo koma baya ga yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. A ranar 22 ga watan Disambar shekara ta 2008, kamar yadda aka yi hasashe, an kore shi daga rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya ta Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan' Yan Sanda ta Najeriya (PSC). Ya bar Nijeriya kuma a cikin Afrilu ya sami haɗin kai a Cibiyar Ci Gaban Duniya. Ya dawo ya koma ACN a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa a zaɓen shekara ta 2011. == Lambobin yabo na duniya == A ranar 15 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2008, Nuhu Ribadu ya karbi lambar yabo ta [[Bankin Duniya]] na shekara ta 2008 na Jit Gill na Tunawa da Fitaccen ma’aikacin Gwamnati, saboda ya jagoranci jajircewar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya, a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Yaƙi da Masu Yi wa Tattalin Arziƙi Tu’annati (EFCC). A ranar 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2008, Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Sanda a Najeriya ta sanar da rage darajar Ribadu daga Mataimakin Sufeto-Janar na 'Yan sanda (AIG) zuwa Mataimakin Kwamishinan' yan sanda. Tsohon shugaban kasa Olusegun Obasanjo ya daukaka darajar Ribadu zuwa AIG makwanni kadan kafin karshen wa'adin mulkin sa a cikin shekara ta 2007.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112044350/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms|date=12 January 2009}}</ref><ref>[http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915080204/http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html|date=15 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2008/12/30/updated-nuhu-ribadu-dragged-out-nipss-graduation-hall-wife-and-children-removed|title=UPDATED: Nuhu Ribadu Dragged Out Of NIPSS Graduation Hall, wife and Children Removed.|last=BabaGboin|date=2008-12-30|website=Sahara Reporters|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|title=Ribadu, Making A Return to EFCC as Chairman|date=2016-03-18|website=The Street Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2019-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116152615/http://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bivan |first1=Nathaniel |title=Ribadu bags global 'lifetime achievement' award |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |accessdate=7 January 2019 |work=Daily Trust |publisher=Daily trust |date=8 December 2018 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107181057/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2008, an zubar da karatunsa daga NIPSS Kuru, Jihar Filato a minti na ƙarshe. Malam Nuhu Ribadu, wanda aka fara zama a cikin zauren tare da sauran waɗanda suka kammala karatu, an ba shi umarnin fita daga zauren ne bisa umarnin manyan jami’an gwamnati. An yi tofin Allah tsine daga ko ina cikin duniya don jinyar da ya yi. A ranar 8 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2018, ya samu lambar yabo ta ci gaban duniya a kan yaƙin cin hanci da rashawa. An bayar da lambar yabon ne daga cibiyar bincike da ke Katar, Rule of Law and Anti-corruption Center (ROLACC) == Mai Bada Shawara Kan Tsaro ga Shugaba Tinubu == Shugaban kasa, Bola Tinubu ya nada Nuhu Ribadu a matsayin sabon mai baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro (NSA). Wannan sanarwa ta fito daga ofishin sakataren gwamnatin tarayya ne wanda ya tabbatar da nadin ta shafinsa na Twitter a ranar 19 ga June 2023.<ref>https://nairametrics.com/2023/06/19/tinubu-appoints-nuhu-ribadu-as-national-security-adviser/</ref><ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/605501-nuhu-ribadu-profile-of-new-national-security-adviser.html</ref> A matsayinsa na NSA, Mista Ribadu ne zai ɗauki nauyin baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan duk wani abu da ya shafi tsaron Najeriya da ‘yan kasa. Haka kuma zai haɗa ayyukan hukumomin tsaro da na leken asiri daban-daban da ke karkashin sa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sun hada da Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Defence (DIA), Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa (NIA), Hukumar Tsaron Kasa (DSS), da kuma Rundunar ‘yan sandan Nijeriya (NPF).<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/06/nuhu-ribadu-first-nigerias-nsa-from-non-military-background-since-1999/</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.efccnigeria.org Shafin yanar gizo na Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Tattalin Arziki (EFCC)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101217153052/http://ribadu2011.com/ Inji Nuhu Ribadu na shafin yakin neman zaben Shugaban kasa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151123062947/http://www.medianigeria.com/25258/nuhu-ribadu-is-a-tyrant-fg/ An sami rashin fahimta tare da FG na Najeriya] [[Category:'Yan sandan Najeriya]] [[Category:Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] [[Category:Mutane daga Adamawa]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] aplynbrurcxlhdb9dxjchn38yy7s3c9 827729 827728 2026-04-29T13:18:53Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rashawa da EFCC */ 827729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Malam Nuhu Ribadu''' MNI (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif dubu daya da Ɗari Tara da sittin(1960) tsohon [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|jami’in ’yan sandan Nijeriya ne]] kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] wanda ya kasance Babban mai bai wa shugaban ƙasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro wato National security advisor ( N.S.A).<ref>Arise News National Security Adviser Ribadu Attributes Northern Nigeria's Insecurity to Mass Illiteracy 19 Apr 2024</ref> Kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Haraji ta Man Fetur kuma tsohon jami’in yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnatin Najeriya. Ya kasance da majagaba, shugaban [[Najeriya|Najeriya]] <ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://punchng.com/tinubu-celebrates-as-nigeria-sells-gold-injects-5m-into-economy/%3Famp&ved=2ahUKEwjxkYrl2fOGAxUNXUEAHV_sAJ8QyM8BKAB6BAgQEAE&usg=AOvVaw3Xf5WE758v4u2mvR5kIYt7</nowiki></ref>'s tattalin arziƙin Laifukan Hukumar (E.F.C.C),<ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref> <ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref>da gwamnatin hukumar tallafa da kalubalantar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma zamba cikin aminci. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009, ya zama dan baki a Cibiyar Ci Gaban [[Duniya]]. Ya yi gudun hijira har zuwa shekara ta 2010 lokacin da ya dawo gida [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":0" /> ya kuma bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar Shugabancin Najeriya a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN).<ref>Vanguard News ACN picks Nuhu Ribadu as Presidential candidate 14 Jan 2011</ref>Ranar Juma'a, 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2011, Nuhu Ribadu ya zama ɗan takarar [[shugaban ƙasa]] na jam'iyyar ACN. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, ya sauya sheƙa zuwa jam’iyya mai mulki ta PDP da nufin tsayawa takarar Gwamnan Jihar Adamawa a Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. == Ilimi == Ribadu ya yi karatun lauya a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] <ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://dailytimesng.com/theapilifestyle-receives-distinguished-personality-award-from-ahmadu-bello-university-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwiKps-Q2fOGAxVNXUEAHWkTCvUQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw0FunxirWBQ4W7dcGXqjflu</nowiki></ref>[[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|da]] ke [[Zariya]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://guardian.ng/army-chief-escapes-assassination-as-soldiers-shiites-clash-in-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwjt57my2vOGAxUSVEEAHeLOCDEQxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&usg=AOvVaw1-hmDWCAtr179-g2serOri</nowiki></ref>, a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] daga shekara ta 1980 zuwa shekara ta 1983, inda ya yi karatun Digiri na farko a fannin Shari’a. Bayan shekara guda a Makarantar Koyon Lauya ta Najeriya, sai aka kira shi Bar a cikin shekara ta 1984. Ya kuma samu digiri na biyu a fannin Lauyoyi daga wannan jami'ar. Shi dan TED ne kuma Babban Mataimaki a Kwalejin St. Antony, [[Jami'ar Oxford]], UK. == Rashawa da EFCC == Shugaban ƙasar [[Najeriya]], [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], ya naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban [[Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] [[(EFCC)]] a shekarar 2003, sannan ya sake naɗa shi a 2007, tare da ɗaga shi zuwa mukamin Mataimakin Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda (Assistant Inspector General of Police). Wannan karin girma da aka yi masa a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007, makonni uku kafin sabon shugaban ƙasa da aka zaɓa, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, ya kama aiki, daga baya an ƙalubalanci shi da cewa “ba bisa ƙa’ida ba ne, ya saɓa wa kundin tsarin mulki, ba shi da inganci kuma ba shi da wani tasiri na doka.” A watan Disamba 2007, Mike Okiro, Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda, ya bayyana cewa za a cire Nuhu Ribadu daga shugabancin EFCC domin ya halarci horon shekara guda. Shaidun Nuhu Ribadu sun taimaka wajen hukunta ƴan kasuwar ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka bayar da cin hanci yayin da suke kasuwanci a Najeriya. Ribadu duk da haka an zargi na biyu misali, kuma insincerity a yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa. Da yawa sun lura cewa Ribadu ya bi abokan maƙiya na maigidansa, Obasanjo, yayin da yake kare abokan tsohon shugaban. Sanannen daga masu sukar sa shine lauya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Legas, Fetus Keyamo wanda ya bayyana janye tuhumar da ake yi wa Ribadu a matsayin kuskure ne kwata-kwata, rashin hankali, gaba ɗaya wayayye ne kuma mara kyau. Ya zuwa yanzu, babu daya daga cikin zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa da aka tabbatar. Jaridu da dama da suka jagoranci sukar Ribadu mallakar wasu mutane ne da ke fuskantar tuhumar cin hanci da rashawa. Ribadu a ko yaushe yana ƙarfafawa matasa gwiwa don zama canjin da suke nema. A karo na huɗu na "Project Mentor-Me" wanda wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke kira Group of Patriotic Corpers (GPC) ta shirya a Abuja, ya sa masu sauraro su yi duba na tsanaki game da zaɓin rayuwarsu da yadda take tsara makomarsu. Blossom Nnodim ya goyi bayansa wanda sananne ne musamman game da Social Media don sakonnin Social Good. == Cin hanci da zalunci == Yayin gudanar da aikinsa an ba Ribadu cin hanci don karkatar da tsarin adalci, daga cikin waɗannan akwai wani Gwamnan Jihar da ya ba Ribadu dala miliyan 15 da gida a waje. An yi hira da shi daga [[Washington DC]] . a shirin BBC na Hardtalk, Ribadu ya ce ya karɓi kuɗin kuma ya yi amfani da cin hanci a matsayin hujja wajen gurfanar da gwamnan jihar. Tsohon gwamnan ya ƙaryata wannan iƙirarin wanda ya lura cewa Ribadu ya sanya kuɗin a CBN ba hujja bane cewa ya bayar da kuɗin. Ribadu ya tsallake yunƙurin hallaka shi sau biyu a Najeriya kafin ya bar ƙasar zuwa Kasar Ingila a farkon shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |title=Corruption Case Exposes Scope of Bribery in Nigeria |publisher=Pbs.org |date=2009-04-24 |accessdate=2015-04-06 |archive-date=2014-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122033905/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |accessdate=11 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184220/http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |archivedate=3 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huhuonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=483:james-ibori-to-nuhu-ribadu-you-are-pitiable-fugitive-from-justice&catid=103:more-news&Itemid=333 |title=huhuonline |publisher=Huhuonline.com |date=2012-12-13 |accessdate=2015-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|title=Nuhu Ribadu, fearless, relentless against fraud|date=2018-03-29|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2021-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302231706/https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=removal>{{cite news |first=Kingsley |last= Omonobi |author2=Emmanuel Ulayi |title= EFCC: Okiro confirms Ribadu's exit|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3759&Itemid=41 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher= Vanguard Media|date=27 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Chioma |last= Gabriel |author2= Emmanuel Aziken and Leon Usigbe |title= Soyinka, Reps, others condemn Ribadu's removal |url= http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3829&Itemid=0 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher=Vanguard Media |date=29 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 "Nuhu Ribadu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607104532/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 |date=7 June 2011 }} Center for Global Development, accessed 22 February 2010</ref> [[File:Nuhu-nasir-femi.jpg|thumb|Nuhu Ribadu]] A watan Disambar shekara ta 2007, Sufeto-Janar na ’Yan sanda Mike Okiro ya ba da umarnin cire Ribadu na wani lokaci daga muƙaminsa na shugaban EFCC kuma ya umurce shi da ya halarci Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Ƙasa da Dabaru (NIPSS) da ke Kuru, [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] don wani tilas. -shekar hanya. An soki shawarar tare da wasu, Nobel Laureate [[Wole Soyinka]], mambobin majalisar wakilai, da shugaban jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) na kasa Edwin Ume-Ezeoke a matsayin masu siyasa da kuma / ko kuma na iya kawo koma baya ga yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. A ranar 22 ga watan Disambar shekara ta 2008, kamar yadda aka yi hasashe, an kore shi daga rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya ta Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan' Yan Sanda ta Najeriya (PSC). Ya bar Nijeriya kuma a cikin Afrilu ya sami haɗin kai a Cibiyar Ci Gaban Duniya. Ya dawo ya koma ACN a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa a zaɓen shekara ta 2011. == Lambobin yabo na duniya == A ranar 15 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2008, Nuhu Ribadu ya karbi lambar yabo ta [[Bankin Duniya]] na shekara ta 2008 na Jit Gill na Tunawa da Fitaccen ma’aikacin Gwamnati, saboda ya jagoranci jajircewar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya, a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Yaƙi da Masu Yi wa Tattalin Arziƙi Tu’annati (EFCC). A ranar 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2008, Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Sanda a Najeriya ta sanar da rage darajar Ribadu daga Mataimakin Sufeto-Janar na 'Yan sanda (AIG) zuwa Mataimakin Kwamishinan' yan sanda. Tsohon shugaban kasa Olusegun Obasanjo ya daukaka darajar Ribadu zuwa AIG makwanni kadan kafin karshen wa'adin mulkin sa a cikin shekara ta 2007.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112044350/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms|date=12 January 2009}}</ref><ref>[http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915080204/http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html|date=15 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2008/12/30/updated-nuhu-ribadu-dragged-out-nipss-graduation-hall-wife-and-children-removed|title=UPDATED: Nuhu Ribadu Dragged Out Of NIPSS Graduation Hall, wife and Children Removed.|last=BabaGboin|date=2008-12-30|website=Sahara Reporters|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|title=Ribadu, Making A Return to EFCC as Chairman|date=2016-03-18|website=The Street Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2019-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116152615/http://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bivan |first1=Nathaniel |title=Ribadu bags global 'lifetime achievement' award |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |accessdate=7 January 2019 |work=Daily Trust |publisher=Daily trust |date=8 December 2018 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107181057/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2008, an zubar da karatunsa daga NIPSS Kuru, Jihar Filato a minti na ƙarshe. Malam Nuhu Ribadu, wanda aka fara zama a cikin zauren tare da sauran waɗanda suka kammala karatu, an ba shi umarnin fita daga zauren ne bisa umarnin manyan jami’an gwamnati. An yi tofin Allah tsine daga ko ina cikin duniya don jinyar da ya yi. A ranar 8 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2018, ya samu lambar yabo ta ci gaban duniya a kan yaƙin cin hanci da rashawa. An bayar da lambar yabon ne daga cibiyar bincike da ke Katar, Rule of Law and Anti-corruption Center (ROLACC) == Mai Bada Shawara Kan Tsaro ga Shugaba Tinubu == Shugaban kasa, Bola Tinubu ya nada Nuhu Ribadu a matsayin sabon mai baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro (NSA). Wannan sanarwa ta fito daga ofishin sakataren gwamnatin tarayya ne wanda ya tabbatar da nadin ta shafinsa na Twitter a ranar 19 ga June 2023.<ref>https://nairametrics.com/2023/06/19/tinubu-appoints-nuhu-ribadu-as-national-security-adviser/</ref><ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/605501-nuhu-ribadu-profile-of-new-national-security-adviser.html</ref> A matsayinsa na NSA, Mista Ribadu ne zai ɗauki nauyin baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan duk wani abu da ya shafi tsaron Najeriya da ‘yan kasa. Haka kuma zai haɗa ayyukan hukumomin tsaro da na leken asiri daban-daban da ke karkashin sa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sun hada da Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Defence (DIA), Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa (NIA), Hukumar Tsaron Kasa (DSS), da kuma Rundunar ‘yan sandan Nijeriya (NPF).<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/06/nuhu-ribadu-first-nigerias-nsa-from-non-military-background-since-1999/</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.efccnigeria.org Shafin yanar gizo na Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Tattalin Arziki (EFCC)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101217153052/http://ribadu2011.com/ Inji Nuhu Ribadu na shafin yakin neman zaben Shugaban kasa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151123062947/http://www.medianigeria.com/25258/nuhu-ribadu-is-a-tyrant-fg/ An sami rashin fahimta tare da FG na Najeriya] [[Category:'Yan sandan Najeriya]] [[Category:Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] [[Category:Mutane daga Adamawa]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cd6wkfk7i5ebz5obdlyz01w05rty553 827730 827729 2026-04-29T13:19:19Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rashawa da EFCC */ 827730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Malam Nuhu Ribadu''' MNI (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif dubu daya da Ɗari Tara da sittin(1960) tsohon [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|jami’in ’yan sandan Nijeriya ne]] kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] wanda ya kasance Babban mai bai wa shugaban ƙasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro wato National security advisor ( N.S.A).<ref>Arise News National Security Adviser Ribadu Attributes Northern Nigeria's Insecurity to Mass Illiteracy 19 Apr 2024</ref> Kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Haraji ta Man Fetur kuma tsohon jami’in yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnatin Najeriya. Ya kasance da majagaba, shugaban [[Najeriya|Najeriya]] <ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://punchng.com/tinubu-celebrates-as-nigeria-sells-gold-injects-5m-into-economy/%3Famp&ved=2ahUKEwjxkYrl2fOGAxUNXUEAHV_sAJ8QyM8BKAB6BAgQEAE&usg=AOvVaw3Xf5WE758v4u2mvR5kIYt7</nowiki></ref>'s tattalin arziƙin Laifukan Hukumar (E.F.C.C),<ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref> <ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref>da gwamnatin hukumar tallafa da kalubalantar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma zamba cikin aminci. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009, ya zama dan baki a Cibiyar Ci Gaban [[Duniya]]. Ya yi gudun hijira har zuwa shekara ta 2010 lokacin da ya dawo gida [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":0" /> ya kuma bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar Shugabancin Najeriya a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN).<ref>Vanguard News ACN picks Nuhu Ribadu as Presidential candidate 14 Jan 2011</ref>Ranar Juma'a, 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2011, Nuhu Ribadu ya zama ɗan takarar [[shugaban ƙasa]] na jam'iyyar ACN. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, ya sauya sheƙa zuwa jam’iyya mai mulki ta PDP da nufin tsayawa takarar Gwamnan Jihar Adamawa a Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. == Ilimi == Ribadu ya yi karatun lauya a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] <ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://dailytimesng.com/theapilifestyle-receives-distinguished-personality-award-from-ahmadu-bello-university-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwiKps-Q2fOGAxVNXUEAHWkTCvUQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw0FunxirWBQ4W7dcGXqjflu</nowiki></ref>[[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|da]] ke [[Zariya]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://guardian.ng/army-chief-escapes-assassination-as-soldiers-shiites-clash-in-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwjt57my2vOGAxUSVEEAHeLOCDEQxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&usg=AOvVaw1-hmDWCAtr179-g2serOri</nowiki></ref>, a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] daga shekara ta 1980 zuwa shekara ta 1983, inda ya yi karatun Digiri na farko a fannin Shari’a. Bayan shekara guda a Makarantar Koyon Lauya ta Najeriya, sai aka kira shi Bar a cikin shekara ta 1984. Ya kuma samu digiri na biyu a fannin Lauyoyi daga wannan jami'ar. Shi dan TED ne kuma Babban Mataimaki a Kwalejin St. Antony, [[Jami'ar Oxford]], UK. == Rashawa da EFCC == Shugaban ƙasar [[Najeriya]], [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], ya naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban [[Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] [[(EFCC)|EFCC]] a shekarar 2003, sannan ya sake naɗa shi a 2007, tare da ɗaga shi zuwa mukamin Mataimakin Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda (Assistant Inspector General of Police). Wannan karin girma da aka yi masa a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007, makonni uku kafin sabon shugaban ƙasa da aka zaɓa, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, ya kama aiki, daga baya an ƙalubalanci shi da cewa “ba bisa ƙa’ida ba ne, ya saɓa wa kundin tsarin mulki, ba shi da inganci kuma ba shi da wani tasiri na doka.” A watan Disamba 2007, Mike Okiro, Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda, ya bayyana cewa za a cire Nuhu Ribadu daga shugabancin EFCC domin ya halarci horon shekara guda. Shaidun Nuhu Ribadu sun taimaka wajen hukunta ƴan kasuwar ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka bayar da cin hanci yayin da suke kasuwanci a Najeriya. Ribadu duk da haka an zargi na biyu misali, kuma insincerity a yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa. Da yawa sun lura cewa Ribadu ya bi abokan maƙiya na maigidansa, Obasanjo, yayin da yake kare abokan tsohon shugaban. Sanannen daga masu sukar sa shine lauya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Legas, Fetus Keyamo wanda ya bayyana janye tuhumar da ake yi wa Ribadu a matsayin kuskure ne kwata-kwata, rashin hankali, gaba ɗaya wayayye ne kuma mara kyau. Ya zuwa yanzu, babu daya daga cikin zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa da aka tabbatar. Jaridu da dama da suka jagoranci sukar Ribadu mallakar wasu mutane ne da ke fuskantar tuhumar cin hanci da rashawa. Ribadu a ko yaushe yana ƙarfafawa matasa gwiwa don zama canjin da suke nema. A karo na huɗu na "Project Mentor-Me" wanda wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke kira Group of Patriotic Corpers (GPC) ta shirya a Abuja, ya sa masu sauraro su yi duba na tsanaki game da zaɓin rayuwarsu da yadda take tsara makomarsu. Blossom Nnodim ya goyi bayansa wanda sananne ne musamman game da Social Media don sakonnin Social Good. == Cin hanci da zalunci == Yayin gudanar da aikinsa an ba Ribadu cin hanci don karkatar da tsarin adalci, daga cikin waɗannan akwai wani Gwamnan Jihar da ya ba Ribadu dala miliyan 15 da gida a waje. An yi hira da shi daga [[Washington DC]] . a shirin BBC na Hardtalk, Ribadu ya ce ya karɓi kuɗin kuma ya yi amfani da cin hanci a matsayin hujja wajen gurfanar da gwamnan jihar. Tsohon gwamnan ya ƙaryata wannan iƙirarin wanda ya lura cewa Ribadu ya sanya kuɗin a CBN ba hujja bane cewa ya bayar da kuɗin. Ribadu ya tsallake yunƙurin hallaka shi sau biyu a Najeriya kafin ya bar ƙasar zuwa Kasar Ingila a farkon shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |title=Corruption Case Exposes Scope of Bribery in Nigeria |publisher=Pbs.org |date=2009-04-24 |accessdate=2015-04-06 |archive-date=2014-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122033905/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |accessdate=11 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184220/http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |archivedate=3 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huhuonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=483:james-ibori-to-nuhu-ribadu-you-are-pitiable-fugitive-from-justice&catid=103:more-news&Itemid=333 |title=huhuonline |publisher=Huhuonline.com |date=2012-12-13 |accessdate=2015-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|title=Nuhu Ribadu, fearless, relentless against fraud|date=2018-03-29|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2021-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302231706/https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=removal>{{cite news |first=Kingsley |last= Omonobi |author2=Emmanuel Ulayi |title= EFCC: Okiro confirms Ribadu's exit|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3759&Itemid=41 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher= Vanguard Media|date=27 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Chioma |last= Gabriel |author2= Emmanuel Aziken and Leon Usigbe |title= Soyinka, Reps, others condemn Ribadu's removal |url= http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3829&Itemid=0 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher=Vanguard Media |date=29 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 "Nuhu Ribadu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607104532/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 |date=7 June 2011 }} Center for Global Development, accessed 22 February 2010</ref> [[File:Nuhu-nasir-femi.jpg|thumb|Nuhu Ribadu]] A watan Disambar shekara ta 2007, Sufeto-Janar na ’Yan sanda Mike Okiro ya ba da umarnin cire Ribadu na wani lokaci daga muƙaminsa na shugaban EFCC kuma ya umurce shi da ya halarci Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Ƙasa da Dabaru (NIPSS) da ke Kuru, [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] don wani tilas. -shekar hanya. An soki shawarar tare da wasu, Nobel Laureate [[Wole Soyinka]], mambobin majalisar wakilai, da shugaban jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) na kasa Edwin Ume-Ezeoke a matsayin masu siyasa da kuma / ko kuma na iya kawo koma baya ga yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. A ranar 22 ga watan Disambar shekara ta 2008, kamar yadda aka yi hasashe, an kore shi daga rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya ta Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan' Yan Sanda ta Najeriya (PSC). Ya bar Nijeriya kuma a cikin Afrilu ya sami haɗin kai a Cibiyar Ci Gaban Duniya. Ya dawo ya koma ACN a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa a zaɓen shekara ta 2011. == Lambobin yabo na duniya == A ranar 15 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2008, Nuhu Ribadu ya karbi lambar yabo ta [[Bankin Duniya]] na shekara ta 2008 na Jit Gill na Tunawa da Fitaccen ma’aikacin Gwamnati, saboda ya jagoranci jajircewar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya, a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Yaƙi da Masu Yi wa Tattalin Arziƙi Tu’annati (EFCC). A ranar 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2008, Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Sanda a Najeriya ta sanar da rage darajar Ribadu daga Mataimakin Sufeto-Janar na 'Yan sanda (AIG) zuwa Mataimakin Kwamishinan' yan sanda. Tsohon shugaban kasa Olusegun Obasanjo ya daukaka darajar Ribadu zuwa AIG makwanni kadan kafin karshen wa'adin mulkin sa a cikin shekara ta 2007.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112044350/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms|date=12 January 2009}}</ref><ref>[http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915080204/http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html|date=15 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2008/12/30/updated-nuhu-ribadu-dragged-out-nipss-graduation-hall-wife-and-children-removed|title=UPDATED: Nuhu Ribadu Dragged Out Of NIPSS Graduation Hall, wife and Children Removed.|last=BabaGboin|date=2008-12-30|website=Sahara Reporters|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|title=Ribadu, Making A Return to EFCC as Chairman|date=2016-03-18|website=The Street Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2019-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116152615/http://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bivan |first1=Nathaniel |title=Ribadu bags global 'lifetime achievement' award |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |accessdate=7 January 2019 |work=Daily Trust |publisher=Daily trust |date=8 December 2018 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107181057/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2008, an zubar da karatunsa daga NIPSS Kuru, Jihar Filato a minti na ƙarshe. Malam Nuhu Ribadu, wanda aka fara zama a cikin zauren tare da sauran waɗanda suka kammala karatu, an ba shi umarnin fita daga zauren ne bisa umarnin manyan jami’an gwamnati. An yi tofin Allah tsine daga ko ina cikin duniya don jinyar da ya yi. A ranar 8 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2018, ya samu lambar yabo ta ci gaban duniya a kan yaƙin cin hanci da rashawa. An bayar da lambar yabon ne daga cibiyar bincike da ke Katar, Rule of Law and Anti-corruption Center (ROLACC) == Mai Bada Shawara Kan Tsaro ga Shugaba Tinubu == Shugaban kasa, Bola Tinubu ya nada Nuhu Ribadu a matsayin sabon mai baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro (NSA). Wannan sanarwa ta fito daga ofishin sakataren gwamnatin tarayya ne wanda ya tabbatar da nadin ta shafinsa na Twitter a ranar 19 ga June 2023.<ref>https://nairametrics.com/2023/06/19/tinubu-appoints-nuhu-ribadu-as-national-security-adviser/</ref><ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/605501-nuhu-ribadu-profile-of-new-national-security-adviser.html</ref> A matsayinsa na NSA, Mista Ribadu ne zai ɗauki nauyin baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan duk wani abu da ya shafi tsaron Najeriya da ‘yan kasa. Haka kuma zai haɗa ayyukan hukumomin tsaro da na leken asiri daban-daban da ke karkashin sa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sun hada da Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Defence (DIA), Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa (NIA), Hukumar Tsaron Kasa (DSS), da kuma Rundunar ‘yan sandan Nijeriya (NPF).<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/06/nuhu-ribadu-first-nigerias-nsa-from-non-military-background-since-1999/</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.efccnigeria.org Shafin yanar gizo na Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Tattalin Arziki (EFCC)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101217153052/http://ribadu2011.com/ Inji Nuhu Ribadu na shafin yakin neman zaben Shugaban kasa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151123062947/http://www.medianigeria.com/25258/nuhu-ribadu-is-a-tyrant-fg/ An sami rashin fahimta tare da FG na Najeriya] [[Category:'Yan sandan Najeriya]] [[Category:Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] [[Category:Mutane daga Adamawa]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3g3mjc8yr66wj7dmia0z7axaid4ncen 827731 827730 2026-04-29T13:20:05Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rashawa da EFCC */ 827731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Malam Nuhu Ribadu''' MNI (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif dubu daya da Ɗari Tara da sittin(1960) tsohon [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|jami’in ’yan sandan Nijeriya ne]] kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] wanda ya kasance Babban mai bai wa shugaban ƙasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro wato National security advisor ( N.S.A).<ref>Arise News National Security Adviser Ribadu Attributes Northern Nigeria's Insecurity to Mass Illiteracy 19 Apr 2024</ref> Kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Haraji ta Man Fetur kuma tsohon jami’in yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnatin Najeriya. Ya kasance da majagaba, shugaban [[Najeriya|Najeriya]] <ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://punchng.com/tinubu-celebrates-as-nigeria-sells-gold-injects-5m-into-economy/%3Famp&ved=2ahUKEwjxkYrl2fOGAxUNXUEAHV_sAJ8QyM8BKAB6BAgQEAE&usg=AOvVaw3Xf5WE758v4u2mvR5kIYt7</nowiki></ref>'s tattalin arziƙin Laifukan Hukumar (E.F.C.C),<ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref> <ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref>da gwamnatin hukumar tallafa da kalubalantar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma zamba cikin aminci. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009, ya zama dan baki a Cibiyar Ci Gaban [[Duniya]]. Ya yi gudun hijira har zuwa shekara ta 2010 lokacin da ya dawo gida [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":0" /> ya kuma bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar Shugabancin Najeriya a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN).<ref>Vanguard News ACN picks Nuhu Ribadu as Presidential candidate 14 Jan 2011</ref>Ranar Juma'a, 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2011, Nuhu Ribadu ya zama ɗan takarar [[shugaban ƙasa]] na jam'iyyar ACN. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, ya sauya sheƙa zuwa jam’iyya mai mulki ta PDP da nufin tsayawa takarar Gwamnan Jihar Adamawa a Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. == Ilimi == Ribadu ya yi karatun lauya a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] <ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://dailytimesng.com/theapilifestyle-receives-distinguished-personality-award-from-ahmadu-bello-university-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwiKps-Q2fOGAxVNXUEAHWkTCvUQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw0FunxirWBQ4W7dcGXqjflu</nowiki></ref>[[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|da]] ke [[Zariya]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://guardian.ng/army-chief-escapes-assassination-as-soldiers-shiites-clash-in-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwjt57my2vOGAxUSVEEAHeLOCDEQxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&usg=AOvVaw1-hmDWCAtr179-g2serOri</nowiki></ref>, a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] daga shekara ta 1980 zuwa shekara ta 1983, inda ya yi karatun Digiri na farko a fannin Shari’a. Bayan shekara guda a Makarantar Koyon Lauya ta Najeriya, sai aka kira shi Bar a cikin shekara ta 1984. Ya kuma samu digiri na biyu a fannin Lauyoyi daga wannan jami'ar. Shi dan TED ne kuma Babban Mataimaki a Kwalejin St. Antony, [[Jami'ar Oxford]], UK. == Rashawa da EFCC == Shugaban ƙasar [[Najeriya]], [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], ya naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban [[Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] [[EFCC|(EFCC)]] a shekarar 2003, sannan ya sake naɗa shi a 2007, tare da ɗaga shi zuwa mukamin Mataimakin Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda (Assistant Inspector General of Police). Wannan karin girma da aka yi masa a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007, makonni uku kafin sabon shugaban ƙasa da aka zaɓa, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, ya kama aiki, daga baya an ƙalubalanci shi da cewa “ba bisa ƙa’ida ba ne, ya saɓa wa kundin tsarin mulki, ba shi da inganci kuma ba shi da wani tasiri na doka.” A watan Disamba 2007, Mike Okiro, Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda, ya bayyana cewa za a cire Nuhu Ribadu daga shugabancin EFCC domin ya halarci horon shekara guda. Shaidun Nuhu Ribadu sun taimaka wajen hukunta ƴan kasuwar ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka bayar da cin hanci yayin da suke kasuwanci a Najeriya. Ribadu duk da haka an zargi na biyu misali, kuma insincerity a yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa. Da yawa sun lura cewa Ribadu ya bi abokan maƙiya na maigidansa, Obasanjo, yayin da yake kare abokan tsohon shugaban. Sanannen daga masu sukar sa shine lauya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Legas, Fetus Keyamo wanda ya bayyana janye tuhumar da ake yi wa Ribadu a matsayin kuskure ne kwata-kwata, rashin hankali, gaba ɗaya wayayye ne kuma mara kyau. Ya zuwa yanzu, babu daya daga cikin zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa da aka tabbatar. Jaridu da dama da suka jagoranci sukar Ribadu mallakar wasu mutane ne da ke fuskantar tuhumar cin hanci da rashawa. Ribadu a ko yaushe yana ƙarfafawa matasa gwiwa don zama canjin da suke nema. A karo na huɗu na "Project Mentor-Me" wanda wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke kira Group of Patriotic Corpers (GPC) ta shirya a Abuja, ya sa masu sauraro su yi duba na tsanaki game da zaɓin rayuwarsu da yadda take tsara makomarsu. Blossom Nnodim ya goyi bayansa wanda sananne ne musamman game da Social Media don sakonnin Social Good. == Cin hanci da zalunci == Yayin gudanar da aikinsa an ba Ribadu cin hanci don karkatar da tsarin adalci, daga cikin waɗannan akwai wani Gwamnan Jihar da ya ba Ribadu dala miliyan 15 da gida a waje. An yi hira da shi daga [[Washington DC]] . a shirin BBC na Hardtalk, Ribadu ya ce ya karɓi kuɗin kuma ya yi amfani da cin hanci a matsayin hujja wajen gurfanar da gwamnan jihar. Tsohon gwamnan ya ƙaryata wannan iƙirarin wanda ya lura cewa Ribadu ya sanya kuɗin a CBN ba hujja bane cewa ya bayar da kuɗin. Ribadu ya tsallake yunƙurin hallaka shi sau biyu a Najeriya kafin ya bar ƙasar zuwa Kasar Ingila a farkon shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |title=Corruption Case Exposes Scope of Bribery in Nigeria |publisher=Pbs.org |date=2009-04-24 |accessdate=2015-04-06 |archive-date=2014-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122033905/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |accessdate=11 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184220/http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |archivedate=3 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huhuonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=483:james-ibori-to-nuhu-ribadu-you-are-pitiable-fugitive-from-justice&catid=103:more-news&Itemid=333 |title=huhuonline |publisher=Huhuonline.com |date=2012-12-13 |accessdate=2015-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|title=Nuhu Ribadu, fearless, relentless against fraud|date=2018-03-29|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2021-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302231706/https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=removal>{{cite news |first=Kingsley |last= Omonobi |author2=Emmanuel Ulayi |title= EFCC: Okiro confirms Ribadu's exit|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3759&Itemid=41 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher= Vanguard Media|date=27 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Chioma |last= Gabriel |author2= Emmanuel Aziken and Leon Usigbe |title= Soyinka, Reps, others condemn Ribadu's removal |url= http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3829&Itemid=0 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher=Vanguard Media |date=29 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 "Nuhu Ribadu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607104532/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 |date=7 June 2011 }} Center for Global Development, accessed 22 February 2010</ref> [[File:Nuhu-nasir-femi.jpg|thumb|Nuhu Ribadu]] A watan Disambar shekara ta 2007, Sufeto-Janar na ’Yan sanda Mike Okiro ya ba da umarnin cire Ribadu na wani lokaci daga muƙaminsa na shugaban EFCC kuma ya umurce shi da ya halarci Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Ƙasa da Dabaru (NIPSS) da ke Kuru, [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] don wani tilas. -shekar hanya. An soki shawarar tare da wasu, Nobel Laureate [[Wole Soyinka]], mambobin majalisar wakilai, da shugaban jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) na kasa Edwin Ume-Ezeoke a matsayin masu siyasa da kuma / ko kuma na iya kawo koma baya ga yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. A ranar 22 ga watan Disambar shekara ta 2008, kamar yadda aka yi hasashe, an kore shi daga rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya ta Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan' Yan Sanda ta Najeriya (PSC). Ya bar Nijeriya kuma a cikin Afrilu ya sami haɗin kai a Cibiyar Ci Gaban Duniya. Ya dawo ya koma ACN a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa a zaɓen shekara ta 2011. == Lambobin yabo na duniya == A ranar 15 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2008, Nuhu Ribadu ya karbi lambar yabo ta [[Bankin Duniya]] na shekara ta 2008 na Jit Gill na Tunawa da Fitaccen ma’aikacin Gwamnati, saboda ya jagoranci jajircewar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya, a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Yaƙi da Masu Yi wa Tattalin Arziƙi Tu’annati (EFCC). A ranar 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2008, Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Sanda a Najeriya ta sanar da rage darajar Ribadu daga Mataimakin Sufeto-Janar na 'Yan sanda (AIG) zuwa Mataimakin Kwamishinan' yan sanda. Tsohon shugaban kasa Olusegun Obasanjo ya daukaka darajar Ribadu zuwa AIG makwanni kadan kafin karshen wa'adin mulkin sa a cikin shekara ta 2007.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112044350/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms|date=12 January 2009}}</ref><ref>[http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915080204/http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html|date=15 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2008/12/30/updated-nuhu-ribadu-dragged-out-nipss-graduation-hall-wife-and-children-removed|title=UPDATED: Nuhu Ribadu Dragged Out Of NIPSS Graduation Hall, wife and Children Removed.|last=BabaGboin|date=2008-12-30|website=Sahara Reporters|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|title=Ribadu, Making A Return to EFCC as Chairman|date=2016-03-18|website=The Street Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2019-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116152615/http://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bivan |first1=Nathaniel |title=Ribadu bags global 'lifetime achievement' award |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |accessdate=7 January 2019 |work=Daily Trust |publisher=Daily trust |date=8 December 2018 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107181057/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2008, an zubar da karatunsa daga NIPSS Kuru, Jihar Filato a minti na ƙarshe. Malam Nuhu Ribadu, wanda aka fara zama a cikin zauren tare da sauran waɗanda suka kammala karatu, an ba shi umarnin fita daga zauren ne bisa umarnin manyan jami’an gwamnati. An yi tofin Allah tsine daga ko ina cikin duniya don jinyar da ya yi. A ranar 8 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2018, ya samu lambar yabo ta ci gaban duniya a kan yaƙin cin hanci da rashawa. An bayar da lambar yabon ne daga cibiyar bincike da ke Katar, Rule of Law and Anti-corruption Center (ROLACC) == Mai Bada Shawara Kan Tsaro ga Shugaba Tinubu == Shugaban kasa, Bola Tinubu ya nada Nuhu Ribadu a matsayin sabon mai baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro (NSA). Wannan sanarwa ta fito daga ofishin sakataren gwamnatin tarayya ne wanda ya tabbatar da nadin ta shafinsa na Twitter a ranar 19 ga June 2023.<ref>https://nairametrics.com/2023/06/19/tinubu-appoints-nuhu-ribadu-as-national-security-adviser/</ref><ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/605501-nuhu-ribadu-profile-of-new-national-security-adviser.html</ref> A matsayinsa na NSA, Mista Ribadu ne zai ɗauki nauyin baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan duk wani abu da ya shafi tsaron Najeriya da ‘yan kasa. Haka kuma zai haɗa ayyukan hukumomin tsaro da na leken asiri daban-daban da ke karkashin sa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sun hada da Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Defence (DIA), Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa (NIA), Hukumar Tsaron Kasa (DSS), da kuma Rundunar ‘yan sandan Nijeriya (NPF).<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/06/nuhu-ribadu-first-nigerias-nsa-from-non-military-background-since-1999/</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.efccnigeria.org Shafin yanar gizo na Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Tattalin Arziki (EFCC)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101217153052/http://ribadu2011.com/ Inji Nuhu Ribadu na shafin yakin neman zaben Shugaban kasa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151123062947/http://www.medianigeria.com/25258/nuhu-ribadu-is-a-tyrant-fg/ An sami rashin fahimta tare da FG na Najeriya] [[Category:'Yan sandan Najeriya]] [[Category:Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] [[Category:Mutane daga Adamawa]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ijgryphmpj2q6xcp3q7dw8p83z0xpn4 827732 827731 2026-04-29T13:20:53Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rashawa da EFCC */ 827732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Malam Nuhu Ribadu''' MNI (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif dubu daya da Ɗari Tara da sittin(1960) tsohon [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|jami’in ’yan sandan Nijeriya ne]] kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] wanda ya kasance Babban mai bai wa shugaban ƙasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro wato National security advisor ( N.S.A).<ref>Arise News National Security Adviser Ribadu Attributes Northern Nigeria's Insecurity to Mass Illiteracy 19 Apr 2024</ref> Kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Haraji ta Man Fetur kuma tsohon jami’in yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnatin Najeriya. Ya kasance da majagaba, shugaban [[Najeriya|Najeriya]] <ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://punchng.com/tinubu-celebrates-as-nigeria-sells-gold-injects-5m-into-economy/%3Famp&ved=2ahUKEwjxkYrl2fOGAxUNXUEAHV_sAJ8QyM8BKAB6BAgQEAE&usg=AOvVaw3Xf5WE758v4u2mvR5kIYt7</nowiki></ref>'s tattalin arziƙin Laifukan Hukumar (E.F.C.C),<ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref> <ref>Economic and Financial Crimes Commission - EFCC <nowiki>https://www.efcc.gov.ng</nowiki> › efcc › 38... Nuhu Ribadu AIG (rtd.): Pioneer EFCC Chairman</ref>da gwamnatin hukumar tallafa da kalubalantar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma zamba cikin aminci. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009, ya zama dan baki a Cibiyar Ci Gaban [[Duniya]]. Ya yi gudun hijira har zuwa shekara ta 2010 lokacin da ya dawo gida [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":0" /> ya kuma bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar Shugabancin Najeriya a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN).<ref>Vanguard News ACN picks Nuhu Ribadu as Presidential candidate 14 Jan 2011</ref>Ranar Juma'a, 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2011, Nuhu Ribadu ya zama ɗan takarar [[shugaban ƙasa]] na jam'iyyar ACN. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, ya sauya sheƙa zuwa jam’iyya mai mulki ta PDP da nufin tsayawa takarar Gwamnan Jihar Adamawa a Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. == Ilimi == Ribadu ya yi karatun lauya a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] <ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://dailytimesng.com/theapilifestyle-receives-distinguished-personality-award-from-ahmadu-bello-university-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwiKps-Q2fOGAxVNXUEAHWkTCvUQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw0FunxirWBQ4W7dcGXqjflu</nowiki></ref>[[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|da]] ke [[Zariya]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://guardian.ng/army-chief-escapes-assassination-as-soldiers-shiites-clash-in-zaria/&ved=2ahUKEwjt57my2vOGAxUSVEEAHeLOCDEQxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&usg=AOvVaw1-hmDWCAtr179-g2serOri</nowiki></ref>, a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] daga shekara ta 1980 zuwa shekara ta 1983, inda ya yi karatun Digiri na farko a fannin Shari’a. Bayan shekara guda a Makarantar Koyon Lauya ta Najeriya, sai aka kira shi Bar a cikin shekara ta 1984. Ya kuma samu digiri na biyu a fannin Lauyoyi daga wannan jami'ar. Shi dan TED ne kuma Babban Mataimaki a Kwalejin St. Antony, [[Jami'ar Oxford]], UK. == Rashawa da EFCC == Shugaban ƙasar [[Najeriya]], [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], ya naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban [[Economic and Financial Crimes Commission]] [[Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa ta EFCC|(EFCC)]] a shekarar 2003, sannan ya sake naɗa shi a 2007, tare da ɗaga shi zuwa mukamin Mataimakin Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda (Assistant Inspector General of Police). Wannan karin girma da aka yi masa a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007, makonni uku kafin sabon shugaban ƙasa da aka zaɓa, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, ya kama aiki, daga baya an ƙalubalanci shi da cewa “ba bisa ƙa’ida ba ne, ya saɓa wa kundin tsarin mulki, ba shi da inganci kuma ba shi da wani tasiri na doka.” A watan Disamba 2007, Mike Okiro, Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan Sanda, ya bayyana cewa za a cire Nuhu Ribadu daga shugabancin EFCC domin ya halarci horon shekara guda. Shaidun Nuhu Ribadu sun taimaka wajen hukunta ƴan kasuwar ƙasashen waje waɗanda suka bayar da cin hanci yayin da suke kasuwanci a Najeriya. Ribadu duk da haka an zargi na biyu misali, kuma insincerity a yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa. Da yawa sun lura cewa Ribadu ya bi abokan maƙiya na maigidansa, Obasanjo, yayin da yake kare abokan tsohon shugaban. Sanannen daga masu sukar sa shine lauya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Legas, Fetus Keyamo wanda ya bayyana janye tuhumar da ake yi wa Ribadu a matsayin kuskure ne kwata-kwata, rashin hankali, gaba ɗaya wayayye ne kuma mara kyau. Ya zuwa yanzu, babu daya daga cikin zarge-zargen cin hanci da rashawa da aka tabbatar. Jaridu da dama da suka jagoranci sukar Ribadu mallakar wasu mutane ne da ke fuskantar tuhumar cin hanci da rashawa. Ribadu a ko yaushe yana ƙarfafawa matasa gwiwa don zama canjin da suke nema. A karo na huɗu na "Project Mentor-Me" wanda wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke kira Group of Patriotic Corpers (GPC) ta shirya a Abuja, ya sa masu sauraro su yi duba na tsanaki game da zaɓin rayuwarsu da yadda take tsara makomarsu. Blossom Nnodim ya goyi bayansa wanda sananne ne musamman game da Social Media don sakonnin Social Good. == Cin hanci da zalunci == Yayin gudanar da aikinsa an ba Ribadu cin hanci don karkatar da tsarin adalci, daga cikin waɗannan akwai wani Gwamnan Jihar da ya ba Ribadu dala miliyan 15 da gida a waje. An yi hira da shi daga [[Washington DC]] . a shirin BBC na Hardtalk, Ribadu ya ce ya karɓi kuɗin kuma ya yi amfani da cin hanci a matsayin hujja wajen gurfanar da gwamnan jihar. Tsohon gwamnan ya ƙaryata wannan iƙirarin wanda ya lura cewa Ribadu ya sanya kuɗin a CBN ba hujja bane cewa ya bayar da kuɗin. Ribadu ya tsallake yunƙurin hallaka shi sau biyu a Najeriya kafin ya bar ƙasar zuwa Kasar Ingila a farkon shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |title=Corruption Case Exposes Scope of Bribery in Nigeria |publisher=Pbs.org |date=2009-04-24 |accessdate=2015-04-06 |archive-date=2014-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122033905/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/jan-june09/nigeria_04-24.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |accessdate=11 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184220/http://amirgabriel.com/programmes/b00scbpf |archivedate=3 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huhuonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=483:james-ibori-to-nuhu-ribadu-you-are-pitiable-fugitive-from-justice&catid=103:more-news&Itemid=333 |title=huhuonline |publisher=Huhuonline.com |date=2012-12-13 |accessdate=2015-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|title=Nuhu Ribadu, fearless, relentless against fraud|date=2018-03-29|website=National Light|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2021-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302231706/https://www.nationallightngr.com/2018/03/29/nuhu-ribadu-fearless-relentless-against-fraud/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=removal>{{cite news |first=Kingsley |last= Omonobi |author2=Emmanuel Ulayi |title= EFCC: Okiro confirms Ribadu's exit|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3759&Itemid=41 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher= Vanguard Media|date=27 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Chioma |last= Gabriel |author2= Emmanuel Aziken and Leon Usigbe |title= Soyinka, Reps, others condemn Ribadu's removal |url= http://www.vanguardngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3829&Itemid=0 |work= Vanguard Online |publisher=Vanguard Media |date=29 December 2007 |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 "Nuhu Ribadu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607104532/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1422040 |date=7 June 2011 }} Center for Global Development, accessed 22 February 2010</ref> [[File:Nuhu-nasir-femi.jpg|thumb|Nuhu Ribadu]] A watan Disambar shekara ta 2007, Sufeto-Janar na ’Yan sanda Mike Okiro ya ba da umarnin cire Ribadu na wani lokaci daga muƙaminsa na shugaban EFCC kuma ya umurce shi da ya halarci Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Ƙasa da Dabaru (NIPSS) da ke Kuru, [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] don wani tilas. -shekar hanya. An soki shawarar tare da wasu, Nobel Laureate [[Wole Soyinka]], mambobin majalisar wakilai, da shugaban jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) na kasa Edwin Ume-Ezeoke a matsayin masu siyasa da kuma / ko kuma na iya kawo koma baya ga yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. A ranar 22 ga watan Disambar shekara ta 2008, kamar yadda aka yi hasashe, an kore shi daga rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya ta Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan' Yan Sanda ta Najeriya (PSC). Ya bar Nijeriya kuma a cikin Afrilu ya sami haɗin kai a Cibiyar Ci Gaban Duniya. Ya dawo ya koma ACN a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa a zaɓen shekara ta 2011. == Lambobin yabo na duniya == A ranar 15 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2008, Nuhu Ribadu ya karbi lambar yabo ta [[Bankin Duniya]] na shekara ta 2008 na Jit Gill na Tunawa da Fitaccen ma’aikacin Gwamnati, saboda ya jagoranci jajircewar yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya, a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Yaƙi da Masu Yi wa Tattalin Arziƙi Tu’annati (EFCC). A ranar 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2008, Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Sanda a Najeriya ta sanar da rage darajar Ribadu daga Mataimakin Sufeto-Janar na 'Yan sanda (AIG) zuwa Mataimakin Kwamishinan' yan sanda. Tsohon shugaban kasa Olusegun Obasanjo ya daukaka darajar Ribadu zuwa AIG makwanni kadan kafin karshen wa'adin mulkin sa a cikin shekara ta 2007.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112044350/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Anna_Hazare_wins_World_Bank_award/articleshow/2955388.cms|date=12 January 2009}}</ref><ref>[http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915080204/http://www.tribune.com.ng/06082008/news/news1.html|date=15 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2008/12/30/updated-nuhu-ribadu-dragged-out-nipss-graduation-hall-wife-and-children-removed|title=UPDATED: Nuhu Ribadu Dragged Out Of NIPSS Graduation Hall, wife and Children Removed.|last=BabaGboin|date=2008-12-30|website=Sahara Reporters|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|title=Ribadu, Making A Return to EFCC as Chairman|date=2016-03-18|website=The Street Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-date=2019-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116152615/http://thestreetjournal.org/2016/03/ribadu-making-a-return-to-efcc-as-chairman/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bivan |first1=Nathaniel |title=Ribadu bags global 'lifetime achievement' award |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |accessdate=7 January 2019 |work=Daily Trust |publisher=Daily trust |date=8 December 2018 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107181057/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/ribadu-bags-global-lifetime-achievement-award.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2008, an zubar da karatunsa daga NIPSS Kuru, Jihar Filato a minti na ƙarshe. Malam Nuhu Ribadu, wanda aka fara zama a cikin zauren tare da sauran waɗanda suka kammala karatu, an ba shi umarnin fita daga zauren ne bisa umarnin manyan jami’an gwamnati. An yi tofin Allah tsine daga ko ina cikin duniya don jinyar da ya yi. A ranar 8 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2018, ya samu lambar yabo ta ci gaban duniya a kan yaƙin cin hanci da rashawa. An bayar da lambar yabon ne daga cibiyar bincike da ke Katar, Rule of Law and Anti-corruption Center (ROLACC) == Mai Bada Shawara Kan Tsaro ga Shugaba Tinubu == Shugaban kasa, Bola Tinubu ya nada Nuhu Ribadu a matsayin sabon mai baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro (NSA). Wannan sanarwa ta fito daga ofishin sakataren gwamnatin tarayya ne wanda ya tabbatar da nadin ta shafinsa na Twitter a ranar 19 ga June 2023.<ref>https://nairametrics.com/2023/06/19/tinubu-appoints-nuhu-ribadu-as-national-security-adviser/</ref><ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/605501-nuhu-ribadu-profile-of-new-national-security-adviser.html</ref> A matsayinsa na NSA, Mista Ribadu ne zai ɗauki nauyin baiwa shugaban kasa shawara kan duk wani abu da ya shafi tsaron Najeriya da ‘yan kasa. Haka kuma zai haɗa ayyukan hukumomin tsaro da na leken asiri daban-daban da ke karkashin sa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sun hada da Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Defence (DIA), Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa (NIA), Hukumar Tsaron Kasa (DSS), da kuma Rundunar ‘yan sandan Nijeriya (NPF).<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/06/nuhu-ribadu-first-nigerias-nsa-from-non-military-background-since-1999/</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.efccnigeria.org Shafin yanar gizo na Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Tattalin Arziki (EFCC)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101217153052/http://ribadu2011.com/ Inji Nuhu Ribadu na shafin yakin neman zaben Shugaban kasa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151123062947/http://www.medianigeria.com/25258/nuhu-ribadu-is-a-tyrant-fg/ An sami rashin fahimta tare da FG na Najeriya] [[Category:'Yan sandan Najeriya]] [[Category:Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] [[Category:Mutane daga Adamawa]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1960]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 44rrlzlpx9ymednzxefdbgiohdgtopt 0 22829 827738 289972 2026-04-29T14:13:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Arnebia hispidissima kz01.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Jinin mutum]] [[File:Fujeirah north 1501200713073 Arnebia hispidissima.jpg|thumb]] [[File:1501200713068 Arnebia hispidissima.jpg|thumb|Jinin mutum]] '''Jinin mutum''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721120659/http://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf |date=2021-07-21 }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] kndv814ppxc6r5ks7952dqb1jh2wruw 0 22929 827865 304460 2026-04-29T22:04:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ka fi nama zaki''' [[shuka]] ne.<ref>Blench, Roger (2007). ''[http://www.rogerblench,info/Ethnoscience/Plants/General/Hausa%20plant%20names.pdf Hausa names for trees and plants]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shuka]] ird4ilq0j7nwqzyr75ad99kfzg1idk7 0 23635 827808 546031 2026-04-29T19:23:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Gyara mukala}} '''Joy Chinwe Eyisi''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Satumba shekara na alif dari tara da sittin da tara 1969) ne wani [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]] [[farfesa]], marubucin, masanin, educationalist, kuma shuni. Tsakanin shekarar 2006 zuwa shekara ta 2011, ta kasance Shugabar Sashen, [[Turanci|Harshen Ingilishi]] da Adabi, Kwalejin Fasaha, Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe, (NAU), [[Awka]], [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]]. A yanzu ita ce mataimakiyar Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'a (Jami'a) na National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), matsayin da ta dauka a ranar 26 ga watan Oktoba na shekarar 2017. Eyisi, wanda har yanzu shine Daraktan Cibiyar Cibiyar Nazarin NOUN a Majalisar Tarayya a Abuja, ya zama wanda ya lashe zaben da Majalisar Dattawa ta gudanar a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba na shekarar 2017. Ta gaji Farfesa Patrick Eya a matsayin mataimakiyar mataimakiyar shugabar jami’a ta farko (Jami’a).<ref>https://unizik.edu.ng/nauweb/depts/english-language-and-literatures{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Shekarun farko da aure == A matsayin yaro na farko, an haifi Joy Eyisi cikin dangin marigayi Sir Geoffrey da Lady Caroline Okpalanzekwe zuwa karshen yakin [[Najeriya|Biafra]] . Tana kuma da farkon tawali'u. Iyayenta ba za su iya kula da isassun bukatunsu ba. Don haka, an sanya ta ta tafi kula da yara. Eyisi dan asalin kauyen Eziora ne na Adazi-Ani a [[Anaocha|karamar hukumar Anaocha]], [[Najeriya|jihar Anambra]] . Bayan shirinta na NCE, ta auri Cif Ray Ifeanyichukwu Eyisi, Anglican Communion of [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] jarumi kuma dan kasuwa daga kauye daya, wanda ta fara haduwa da shi a kauyen ta. Sonanta na biyu Noble Eyisi ya taba zama Shugaban Gwamnatin kungiyar Daliban (SUG), Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe. Yarinyar ta ɗaya (Joy Eyisi, Jnr, marubucin ''Willy-Nilly'', wani labari wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin adabin yaran [[Najeriya]] na karni na 21) ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a Turanci daga Jami'ar Alkawari, Ota, [[Ogun|Jihar Ogun]], [[Najeriya]] . == Ilimi da aiki == Eyisi ta ce tana daya daga cikin mafi rauni a cikin daliban ajin, tare da samun sakamako mara kyau a karatun ta na farko. A wasu kalmomin, domin ta makarantar firamare da ilimi, ta sa suna a Jamhuriyar School, [[Nnewi]], amma kammala ta farko School Barin Certificate a St Jude ta Tsakiya School, Adazi-Ani, a shekara ta 1981. A cikin wannan shekarar, tare da mafi kyawun sakamakon jarabawar gama gari, an shigar da ita makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata, Agulu, wanda a lokacin yana karkashin jagorancin Rev (Sr) Miriam Theresa Ozomma. Ta kammala a 1986. Eyisi, kamar yadda aka fi ambaton ta a makarantun ilimi, ta sami takardar shedar ta Ilimi ta Kasa (NCE) daga Kwalejin Ilimi ta [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Awka]] (1986-1989). Ta ci gaba da karatu a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], (UNN), [[Nsukka]], [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], inda ta kammala karatun digiri na farko (Second-Class Upper Division) a Ilimi da Ingilishi. Bayan ta yi bautar kasa a shekarar 1994, an shigar da ita shirin digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanar da Ilimi da Kula da Makaranta, Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe, daga inda ta kammala a matsayin mafi kyawun dalibi a yayin [[Najeriya|yajin aikin ASUU na]] kasa baki daya na shekara ta 1995. Tsakanin shekarar 1997 da shekara ta 2000, ta tafi MA/PhD a Alma mater, UNN.<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2017/10/27/joy-eyisi-emerges-first-female-deputy-vice-chancellor-noun/</ref> Eyisi ta fara sana'ar ta a matsayin malamar koyarwa na dan lokaci a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Nwafor Orizuo, Nsugbe, duk da cewa ta kasance mai koyar da aikin dan lokaci a Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe a farkon shekara 1996. A cikin shekara ta 2000, na karshe ya ba da nadin ta a matsayin cikakken malami. Ci gaban da ta samu daga Malami I zuwa matsayi mai martaba a cikin 1 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 2007 ya dauki kusan shekaru bakwai kafin a kammala; don haka aka yi mata hukunci kan karamin farfesa a jami'a a lokacin. Tasirin Eyisi ya kawo gina Sashen [[Turanci|Harshen Ingilishi]] da Adabi (wanda ke kusa da Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe ) ta wani mai [[Najeriya|safarar 'yan Najeriya]], Cif Godwin Ubaka Okeke (MON). Ta kasance Farfesa mai Ziyarci/Daidaita a manyan makarantun manyan makarantu, wasu daga cikinsu sune Jami'ar St Paul, Awka, (2002-2005), da Jami'ar Jihar Ebonyi, [[Abakaliki|Abakiliki]] (2001-2005). == Fitattun littattafai == A matsayinsa na masani, an san Eyisi ya yi rubuce-rubuce, hadin gwiwa, da kuma shirya labaran ilimi da yawa, mujallu, litattafan karatu, littattafan motsa rai, da gabatar da taron da aka ambata sosai. Harshen ''Ingilishi na Ingantacce don Nasarar Ayyuka'' da ''Sautin Ingilishi: Jagorar Jagora don Ingantaccen Magana yana mai da'' hankali kan yadda ake samun kwarewar ƙwarewar sautin sauti da sautin Ingilishi. Sanannen aikinta, ''Kuskuren gama gari a Amfani da Ingilishi'', yana ganowa da gyara wasu sanannun kurakurai da masu magana da yawa ke yi yayin amfani da [[Turanci|yaren Ingilishi]] . ''Nahawun Ingilishi: Abokin Studentalibin'', dayan aikinta, yana daukar dalibai zuwa cikin rudiments na Ingilishi azaman yare na biyu, yayin da ''Injiniyan Karatun Karatu da Takaitaccen Rubutun yana'' gano hanyoyin da masu karatu za su iya fahimta da fassara kalmomin da aka buga. Tare ''da Sirrin Nasarar Ilimi'', wanda ta yi ikirarin cewa ita ce mafi kyawun aikinta, Joy Eyisi tana karfafa dalibai don burin samun ingantaccen ilimi. ''Ingilishi don Duk Manufofi: Jagorar Jagora don Kyau a Amfani da Ingilishi'', wanda aka rubuta tare da Chinonso Okolo da Joseph Onwe, kamar yadda mai bita ya lura, yana da halin “samar da kayan bincike mai sauri… game da wasu rikice -rikice Quirk da jami'ar Greenbaum Turanci da sauran rubutu. == Advocacy da amfani da Ingilishi == Abubuwan da ta fi so sun fadi “Aspire zuwa zenith. Kada ku nemi Kyau mai Kyau inda Mai Kyau zai yiwu ”kuma“ Mafi kyawun bincike shine neman fifikon ”shine wahayi don nasarorin ilimi da salon jagoranci. Eyisi, tare da hadin gwiwa tare da wasu marubuta guda biyar, yana ba da shawarar canzawa zuwa takardar sayan magani da bayanin nau'in [[Turanci|harshe Ingilishi da]] za a iya fahimta don amfani da shi kawai a Ilimin Duniya. A matsayinta na malami wanda ya karni lambobin yabo na gida da na kasa da yawa don gudummawar da ta bayar a cikin ilimi, galibi tana ba da shawarar yin amfani da koyar da Ingilishi daidai a yanayin yare na biyu. <blockquote>''Hakanan dole ne a samar da makarantu dakin gwaje -gwaje na harshe, dakin karatu na yau da kullun, da sauransu don fitar da mafi kyau tsakanin dalibai da malamai ma.'' ''Halin da ake ciki yanzu yana da ban tsoro.'' ''Har ma na yi alkawarin ba da kyauta (sic) ga malaman da za su iya rubuta kalmomi 50 daidai a tarurruka daban -daban inda na yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa a duk faɗin ƙasar, kuma zan iya gaya muku cewa da wuya mu sami amsoshi 10 daidai.'' </blockquote>Sanarwar da ke sama tana ɗaukar damuwarta game da rashin amfani da Ingilishi a [[Najeriya]] da [[Afirka]] . An lura cewa Eyisi tana da tasiri mai karfi ga masu sauraron ta a duk wani bitar da ta shiga a matsayin mai gudanarwa. A cikin <nowiki>''</nowiki> Matsayin Mata a Ƙarfafa Canji <nowiki>''</nowiki>, wanda ta gabatar a cikin bitar, Eyisi ta ki cewa haihuwa bai kamata ya zama uzuri ga ci gaban ilimi ba, yana mai ba da shawara cewa: “Ya kamata a ba wa yarinya damar samun ilimi, ta ya kamata ta je makaranta, ta samu ilimi. ” == Kyaututtuka da membobin kungiyoyin kwararru == A matsayin wani bangare na gudummawar da ta bayar ga ilimi da sauran jama'a gaba ɗaya, Eyisi, a cikin shekara ta 2004, ta sami lambar yabo ta Jubilee Merit Award daga Bishop Crowther Seminary, [[Anambra|Awka]] ; a shekarar 2005 Adadiebube: Girmamawa da Kyautar Kyauta daga Babban Cocin Anglican na St. Jude Adazi-ani Babban Taron Mata (Gida da Ƙasashen waje); Babbar Mace Mai Daraja Girmamawa da Kyautar Kyauta daga Kungiyar BBC, UNIZIK, [[Awka]] a shekarar(2005); menu na Mutunci, Kyauta da Takaddun shaida daga Rotary International, Rotary Club na [[Awka]], Gundumar 9140 (2006); Doyenne of Excellence, Gwarzon Kyautar Karatuttuka, daga Kungiyar Malaman [[Turanci|Harshen]] [[Najeriya|Turanci na Najeriya]] (2007). Ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta Shugabancin Ilimi daga Cibiyar Gudanar da Masana'antu (2007); Leadership Merit Award daga [[First Bank (Nijeriya)|First Bank of Nigeria]] Plc (2008); Kyautar Kyauta: Godiya na Ba da Gudummawa Mai Kyau ga Kwarewar Ilimi a NAU, Gwamnatin Ƙungiyar Dakunan kwanan dalibai, [[Awka]] (2009); Kyautar Merit don Gano Gudummawar da ta bayar ga Ci gaban Kwarewar Injiniya da karfafa Matasa ta kungiyar [[Najeriya|daliban Injiniya Jami'o'in Najeriya]] reshen NAU (2010); Kyauta mafi Kyawun Kwalejin Ilimi a Gane Gudummuwarta ga Ci gaban Ilimi a [[Najeriya]], wanda Kungiyar Tsofaffin [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami’o’in Najeriya]] [[Awka|, Awka]] (2010) ta Gabatar. Baya ga wadannan kyaututtuka da karramawa tare da wasu da dama, Eyisi memba ne na kungiyoyin kwararru da yawa kamar kungiyar Malaman [[Turanci|Turanci ta]] kasa, kungiyar Ci gaban Ilimi, kungiyar Harsunan Zamani na [[Najeriya]], kungiyar Karatu ta Duniya, kungiyar Marubutan Najeriya (ANA), da kungiyar Malamin [[Turanci|Harshen Turanci]] [[Najeriya|na Najeriya]], da sauransu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Igbo people]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rc34kf5hvhsktj1cg0g1orvp7malt8i 0 24082 827741 712539 2026-04-29T15:17:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Joey Muthengi.jpg|200px|right|thumbJoey_Muthengi]] '''Joey Muthengi hali''' ya kuma kasan ce mai kafofin watsa labarai kuma yar wasan kwaikwayo. Shigowarta a masana'antar watsa labarai ta [[Kenya]] ya zo ne ta hanyar kasancewa mutumcin [[rediyo]] a kan 98.4 Capital FM daga 2009-2013 inda ta shirya kuma ta gabatar da shahararren shirin matasa 'Hits Not Homework. <ref>http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/lifestyle/2010/01/25/exclusive-multifaceted-presenter-joey/. Capital Fm. Retrieved 1 May 2016.</ref> Mafi yawan kwanan nan (Yuni 2016-Gabatarwa), a matsayin wani bangare na sabon sake fasalin karin kumallo na Power Breakfast akan Citizen TV, Joey Muthengi yanzu yana ɗaukar nauyin wasan yau da kullun tare da Fred Indimuli da Willis Raburu. <ref>http://www.sde.co.ke/article/2000205462/after-leaving-ebru-tv-joey-muthengi-lands-new-tv-job {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725183759/https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2000205462/after-leaving-ebru-tv-joey-muthengi-lands-new-tv-job |date=2018-07-25 }}. Standard Digital Entertainment. Retrieved 8 July 2016.</ref> Yayin da take a Citizen TV, ita ma ta dauki nauyin wasan nishadi ''sama da 10'' . Joey daga baya a cikin 2018, ta bar aikinta daga Royal Media.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive: Why Joey Muthengi has quit Citizen TV in a huff|url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/exclusive-why-joey-muthengi-has-quit-citizen-tv-in-a-huff|access-date=2020-11-09|website=Nairobi News|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=https://www.the-star.co.ke/authors/lyndsaynyawira|title=Joey Muthengi admits to difficult period after quitting TV job|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/entertainment/2019-11-04-joey-muthengi-admits-to-difficult-period-after-quitting-tv-job/|access-date=2020-11-09|website=The Star|language=en-KE}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == [[File:Joey Muthengi.jpg|thumb|Joey Muthengi]] An haifi Joey a Kijabe, Rift Valley kuma ta kaura zuwa [[Amurka]] lokacin tana dan shekara 2. Joey ta dawo gida kuma ta halarci Kwalejin Rift Valley, daga baya ta koma Amurka inda ta halarci Kwalejin Hope ta ci gaba da manyan ayyuka biyu a Sadarwa da Gudanar da Kasuwanci . <ref>http://www.trendingpost.co.ke/2015/09/11-amazing-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-joey-muthengi.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923062741/http://www.trendingpost.co.ke/2015/09/11-amazing-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-joey-muthengi.html |date=2016-09-23 }}. Trending Post. Retrieved 6 May 2016.</ref> Joey yana da ɗan'uwa David Muthengi wanda ke cikin ƙima, masanin saka hannun jari, mawaƙa kuma ya kasance mai masaukin baki a Rauka TV Show akan Citizen, wanda aka fi sani da Holy Dave.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nderitu|first=Wangeci|date=2020-01-23|title=Joey Muthengi shares awkward experience working with brother in same company|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/336369-ex-tv-girl-joey-muthengi-shares-awkward-experience-working-brother-holy-dave-company.html|access-date=2020-11-09|website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == [[File:Joey Muthengi at a photo shoot.jpg|thumb|Joey Muthengi]] Tsakanin 2011 da 2014, Joey ta kasance VJ na Kenya na 1 na farko ( Video Jockey ) don tashar tashar kida ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]] Channel O inda ta wakilci kidan Kenya, nishaɗi, da al'adu ga sauran nahiyoyin. <ref>http://channelo.dstv.com/2011/10/meet-your-new-channel-o-africa-vjs/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008205119/http://channelo.dstv.com/2011/10/meet-your-new-channel-o-africa-vjs/ |date=2016-10-08 }}. Channel O. Retrieved 11 May 2016.</ref> A cikin 2013 ta karbi bakuncin Lokaci na 6 na babban wasan kiɗa na gaskiya a Gabashin Afirka 'Tusker Project Fame', akan Citizen TV wanda a baya ya kasance yana da hannu a cikin 'Tusker All Stars' wanda aka watsa a 2011. <ref>http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/lifestyle/2013/09/02/joey-muthengi-replaces-sheila-mwanyigha-as-the-tpf-host/. Capital FM Lifestyle. Retrieved 6 May 2016.</ref> #WTCJoey Muthengi yayi aiki a Royal Media Services a Citizen Tv a matsayin mai masaukin baki ''sama da 10.'' Ta bar gidan talabijin na CitizenTV bayan sauka a cikin matsaloli tare da mai aikin ta bayan kamfanin Betin wanda shine kamfanin yin caca a matsayin alamar su. == Rayuwar mutum == Joey tana da sha'awar kida da magana waƙar kalma. <ref>http://www.kenyanpoetslounge.com/joey-muthengi/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015051634/http://www.kenyanpoetslounge.com/joey-muthengi/ |date=2020-10-15 }}. Kenya Poets Lounge. Retrieved 11 May 2016.</ref> == Kyautatawa == Joey shine mai hadin gwiwa kuma Darakta na Gidauniyar Muthengi, kungiyar ba da agaji mai zaman kanta wacce ke da niyyar haɓaka karfafawa tattalin arziki ta hanyar ilimi. <ref>https://kiss100.co.ke/tag/muthengi-foundation/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017140735/https://kiss100.co.ke/tag/muthengi-foundation/ |date=2020-10-17 }}. Kiss 100. Retrieved 11 May 2016.</ref> == wasan kwaikwayo == [[File:Joey Muthengi and Tusker Project Fame Co-host Dr. Mich.jpg|thumb|Joey Muthengi]] A matsayinta na 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, ta kasance wani bangare na wasan kwaikwayo na gida da yawa, gami da wasan kwaikwayo na Iyali mai suna' Sauya Lokaci 'wanda aka watsa a Gidan Talabijin na Kenya daga 2010-2012. <ref>http://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/joeya-lady-who-takes-challenges-head-on/. Nairobi News. Retrieved 11 May 2016.</ref> Ta kasance jagorar jagora a jerin wasan kwaikwayo 'Prem' wanda aka fara watsawa a KTN a 2013-2014 sannan daga baya akan Africa Magic akan DSTV . <ref>http://www.ghafla.co.ke/news/tv/8477-joey-muthengi-set-for-her-acting-debut-on-ktn-s-prem{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Ghafla. Retrieved 11 May 2016.</ref> === talabijin === {| class="wikitable sortable" !shekara ! aikin ! rawar ! cibiyar sadarwa ! bayanin kula |- | 2012 {{En dash}} 2013 | " Sauya lokutan (jerin TV) " | | KTN | jerin yau da kullun |- | 2013 {{En dash}} 2014 | farko | | KTN | jerin yau da kullun |- | 2016 | sukari da kayan yaji | mai masaukin baki | ebru africa tv | |- | 2016 {{En dash}} yanzu | ikon karin kumallo | mai masaukin baki | Talabijin tv | tare da fred indimuli da willis raburu |- | 2016 {{En dash}} Nuwamba 2018 | 10 zuwa 10 | mai masaukin baki | Talabijin tv | tare da willis raburu |} == Manazarta == 69jsr1fqaau2jjrkka09lxkjrvbabdu 0 28237 827892 464786 2026-04-30T03:20:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Katherine Jane Willis''' CBE FGS, ita ce masaniyar ilimin halitta, wanda kuma ke nazarin dangantakar dake tsakanin dogon lokaci da canjin yanayi. Ita ce Farfesa a ilimin halittu a Sashen Zoology, Jami'ar Oxford,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zoo.ox.ac.uk/people/view/willis_k.htm|title=Kathy Willis Staff page, Department of Zoology|publisher=University of Oxford|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225195148/http://www.zoo.ox.ac.uk/people/view/willis_k.htm|archivedate=25 February 2014}}</ref> kuma mataimakiyar Farfesa a fannin Biology a Jami'ar Bergen. A cikin shekarar 2018, an zabe ta a matsayin shugabar St Edmund Hall, kuma ta dauki wannan matsayi daga 1, ga Oktoba.<ref>{{cite web|title=Professor Kathy Willis elected new Principal of St Edmund Hall|url=https://www.zoo.ox.ac.uk/article/professor-kathy-willis-elected-new-principal-st-edmund-hall|website=University of Oxford Department of Zoology}}</ref>Ta rike Tasso Leventis Shugabar Diversity a Oxford kuma ta kasance Daraktan kafa, yanzu Mataimakin Darakta, na Cibiyar Biodiversity Oxford.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biodiversity.ox.ac.uk/people/professor-katherine-willis/|title=Kathy Willis Profile at Biodiversity Institute|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505183744/http://www.biodiversity.ox.ac.uk/people/professor-katherine-willis/|archivedate=5 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Scopus|id=7101793403}}</ref> Willis ya kasance Daraktan Kimiyya a Lambunan Botanic na Royal, Kew daga 2013-2018.<ref name="kew">{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717110159/http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-roots-to-riches/kathy-willis|title=Professor Kathy Willis, Director of Science|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|archivedate=17 July 2014|url=http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-roots-to-riches/kathy-willis}}</ref> == Ilimi. == [[File:Katherine Mulkins, stage actress (SAYRE 7411).jpg|thumb|Katherine J. Willis]] Willis ta sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin kasa da kimiyyar muhalli daga Jami'ar Southampton, sannan ta samu digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyar shuka daga Jami'ar Cambridge don bincike kan tarihin ciyayi na marigayi Quaternary a Epirus, arewa maso yammacin Girka.<ref name="willisphd">{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Cambridge|title=Late Quaternary vegetational history of Epirus, northwest Greece|url=http://idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=44CAM_ALMA21431220630003606&context=L&vid=44CAM_PROD&search_scope=SCOP_CAM_ALL&tab=cam_lib_coll&lang=en_US|website=lib.cam.ac.uk|first=Katherine Jane|last=Willis|date=1989|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.335183}}|oclc=556632964}}</ref> == Sana'a da bincike. == [[File:Silent film actress Katherine Emmet in "Orphans of the Storm" (SAYRE 23996).jpg|thumb|Katherine J. Willis]] Bayan ta PhD, Willis ta gudanar da Kwalejin Selwyn, Cambridge Postdoctoral Research Fellowship a Jami'ar Cambridge, Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli ta Halitta (NERC) Fellowship Postdoctoral a cikin Sashen Kimiyyar Shuka, da Fellowshipungiyar Binciken Jami'ar Royal Society (URF) a cikin Godwin Cibiyar Nazarin Quaternary, Jami'ar Cambridge. A 1999, ta koma karatu a Makarantar Geography da Muhalli, Jami'ar Oxford, inda ta kafa Oxford Long-term Ecology Laboratory a 2002. An yi Willis farfesa a fannin ilimin halittu na dogon lokaci a cikin 2008,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oxlel.zoo.ox.ac.uk/people/professor-katherine-willis/|title=Kathy Willis Oxford Long Term Ecology|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519091654/http://oxlel.zoo.ox.ac.uk/people/professor-katherine-willis/|archivedate=19 May 2015|publisher=University of Oxford}}</ref> kuma a ranar 1, ga Oktoba 2010, ta zama Farfesa Tasso Leventis na Farko na Biodiversity kuma darektan Cibiyar James Martin Biodiversity Institute a Zoology. Baya ga matsayinta a Oxford, ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa ( farfesa II) a Sashen nazarin halittu a Jami'ar Bergen, Norway. Ita ce mai kula da WWF-UK,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://assets.wwf.org.uk/downloads/trustees_biographies_september2011.pdf|title=WWF-UK Trustees Biographies 2011|website=wwf.org.uk}}</ref> mamba a kwamitin ba da shawara ga Hukumar ba da tallafin karatu ta Commonwealth, ma'aikacin Percy Sladen Memorial Trust, memba na duniya a kwamitin kimantawa na Hukumar Bincike ta Sweden na FORMAS, kuma memba na koleji na Birtaniya. Majalisar Binciken Muhalli ta Halitta (NERC). Daga 2012, zuwa 2013, ta rike zaɓaɓɓen matsayi na darekta-large na International Biogeography Society.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biogeography.org/html/About%20IBS/past_officers.html|title=International Biogeography Society, Past Officers|website=biogeography.org|access-date=23 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201190346/http://www.biogeography.org/html/About%20IBS/past_officers.html|archive-date=1 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2013, an nada ta Daraktar Kimiyya a Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,<ref name="kew" /> akan karatun shekaru 5, daga Jami'ar Oxford.<ref>[http://www.kew.org/about-kew/press-media/press-releases-kew/new-director-of-science.htm Press Release, Kew Gardens] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203010156/http://www.kew.org/about-kew/press-media/press-releases-kew/new-director-of-science.htm|date=3 February 2014}}</ref> Rediyon BBC ya fara watsa shirye-shirye a watan Oktoban 2014, jerin maganganun "marasa iyaka" game da tarihin kimiyya da zamantakewa na tarin Kew.<ref name="plantsfrtr">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/plantsfrtr|title=Plants – From Roots to Riches|publisher=BBC|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Willis|first=K. J.|title=Kew and BBC Radio 4|publisher=John Murray|location=London|year=2014|isbn=978-1444798234}}</ref> A ranar 1, ga Oktoba 2018, Willis ya gaji Keith Gull a matsayin shugaban St Edmund Hall, Oxford.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seh.ox.ac.uk/news/st-edmund-hall-elects-new-principal|title=St Edmund Hall elects new Principal|website=St Edmund Hall}}</ref> Binciken Willis<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Katherine_Willis2/|title=Data|website=researchgate.net}}</ref> ya mayar da hankali kan sake gina martani na dogon lokaci game da yanayin muhalli ga canjin muhalli, gami da canjin yanayi, tasirin ɗan adam da hawan matakin teku. Ta yi jayayya cewa fahimtar bayanan dogon lokaci na canjin yanayin muhalli yana da mahimmanci don kyakkyawar fahimtar martanin yanayin muhalli na gaba. Yawancin binciken kimiyya sun iyakance ga bayanan ɗan gajeren lokaci waɗanda ba kasafai suke wuce shekaru 40, zuwa 50, ba, kodayake yawancin halittu masu girma, gami da bishiyoyi da manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa, suna da matsakaicin lokacin tsara wanda ya zarce wannan lokacin. Don haka bayanan ɗan gajeren lokaci ba za su iya sake gina sauye-sauyen yanayi na tsawon lokaci ba, ko ƙimar ƙaura sakamakon canjin muhalli. Ta kuma ba da hujjar cewa tsarin ɗan gajeren lokaci yana ba da ra'ayi mai mahimmanci game da yanayin halittu, kuma yana haifar da samuwar ra'ayi na "ka'ida" marar gaskiya wanda dole ne a kiyaye shi ko maido da kariya. Rukunin bincikenta a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Ecology na dogon lokaci don haka yunƙurin sake gina abubuwan da ke tattare da yanayin muhalli ga canjin muhalli akan lokutan da suka kama daga shekaru goma zuwa miliyoyin shekaru, da aikace-aikacen bayanan dogon lokaci a cikin kiyaye halittu. Ta yi jayayya cewa tasirin sauyin yanayi na zamani kan biota na shuka ba shi da tabbas kuma mai yuwuwa bai yi tsanani kamar yadda masu bincike ke zato ba,<ref>University of Oxford.</ref> kuma ta kalubalanci zato da aka yi a cikin fassarar taƙaitaccen bayanin yanayin zafi.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Seddon|first1=Alistair W.R.|last2=Long|first2=P. R.|last3=Willis|first3=K.|year=2014|title=Spatiotemporal patterns of warming|journal=Nature Climate Change|volume=4|issue=10|pages=845–846|doi=10.1038/nclimate2372|url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:16b6460e-ab7d-476d-b9ab-110068916dc4}}</ref> Rahoton ''Kew's State of the World's Plants'' (2016), ya nuna sauye-sauyen murfin ƙasa a matsayin babbar barazana ga bambancin halittu na duniya, ba sauyin yanayi ba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stateoftheworldsplants.com/report/sotwp_2016.pdf|title=Archived copy|access-date=27 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928190506/https://stateoftheworldsplants.com/report/sotwp_2016.pdf|archive-date=28 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Silent film actress Catherine Calvert (SAYRE 17367).jpg|thumb|Katherine J. Willis]] An buga binciken Willis a cikin manyan mujallolin kimiyya da aka yi bitar takwarorinsu ciki har da ''Nature'',<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1038/17783|year=1999|last1=Willis|first1=K. J.|journal=Nature|volume=397|issue=6721|pages=685–688|title=124,000-year periodicity in terrestrial vegetation change during the late Pliocene epoch|last2=Kleczkowski|first2=A.|last3=Crowhurst|first3=S. J.|s2cid=4372433}}</ref> ''Science'',,<ref>{{Cite journal|pmid=19892969|year=2009|last1=Willis|first1=K. J.|title=Ecology. Biodiversity and climate change|journal=Science|volume=326|issue=5954|pages=806–7|last2=Bhagwat|first2=S. A.|doi=10.1126/science.1178838|s2cid=10981263}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.1163454|last3=Van Der Knaap|pmid=19023075|first6=K. J.|last6=Willis|first5=A.|last5=Tye|first4=E. E.|last4=Coffey|first3=W. O.|first2=C. A.|title=Fossil Pollen as a Guide to Conservation in the Galapagos|last2=Froyd|first1=J. F. N.|last1=Van Leeuwen|year=2008|page=1206|issue=5905|volume=322|journal=Science|s2cid=46449794}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.285.5427.568|title=The Role of Sub-Milankovitch Climatic Forcing in the Initiation of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation|journal=Science|volume=285|issue=5427|pages=568–571|year=1999|last1=Willis|first1=K. J.|pmid=10417383}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.1122667|pmid=17124315|title=What is Natural? The Need for a Long-Term Perspective in Biodiversity Conservation|journal=Science|volume=314|issue=5803|pages=1261–1265|year=2006|last1=Willis|first1=K. J.|last2=Birks|first2=H. J. B.|citeseerx=10.1.1.549.5178|s2cid=9632680}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.1067335|title=Ecology: Enhanced: Species Diversity--Scale Matters|journal=Science|volume=295|issue=5558|pages=1245–1248|year=2002|last1=Willis|first1=K. J.|pmid=11847328|s2cid=5344099}}</ref> ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B'',<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1098/rstb.2012.0491|first2=K. D.|pmid=23878343|first5=C.|last5=Tovar|first4=M.|last4=Macias-Fauria|first3=S. L.|last3=Burrough|last2=Bennett|title=Determining the response of African biota to climate change: Using the past to model the future|first1=K. J.|last1=Willis|year=2013|page=20120491|issue=1625|volume=368|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|pmc=3720034}}</ref> ''Biological Conservation''.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.001|first4=P. R.|last9=Weissenberger|first8=C.|last8=Collin-Hansen|first7=R.|last7=Hagemann|first6=M. G. D.|last6=Smit|first5=N.|last5=Caithness|last4=Long|title=Determining the ecological value of landscapes beyond protected areas|first3=C.|last3=Tovar|first2=E. S.|last2=Jeffers|first1=K. J.|last1=Willis|year=2012|pages=3–12|volume=147|journal=Biological Conservation|first9=J.}}</ref> da ''Quaternary Science Reviews''.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.06.006|title=Emerging issues in biodiversity & conservation management: The need for a palaeoecological perspective|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=27|issue=17–18|pages=1723–1732|year=2008|last1=Froyd|first1=C. A.|last2=Willis|first2=K. J.}}</ref> Tare da Jennifer McElwain<ref>{{GoogleScholar|id=x1bwH_sAAAAJ|title=Jennifer McElwain}}</ref> ta haɗu da rubuta littafin ''The Evolution of Plants''.<ref>Willis, K.J. and McElwain, J.C. 2002.</ref> Hukumar Binciken Muhalli ta Halitta (NERC), da Cibiyar Nazarin Arts da Humanities Research Council (AHRC), ce ta ba da kuɗin bincikenta.<ref name="gtr">{{cite web|url=http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/person/4FF4FC73-FB80-4C65-85FC-F8AD79E059C7|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519094519/http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/person/4FF4FC73-FB80-4C65-85FC-F8AD79E059C7|archivedate=19 May 2015|publisher=[[Research Councils UK]]|title=UK Government Research Grants awarded to Kathy Willis}}</ref> === Kyaututtuka da karramawa. === Willis ta lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da: {{div col}} *Ƙungiyar Binciken Jami'ar Royal Society (URF){{when|date=Yuni 2018}} *Asusun Lyell, Geological Society of London a cikin 2008<ref>{{cite web |title=Award winners since 1831, Lyell Fund |url=https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/About/History/Award-Winners-Since-1831/Lyell-Fund |website=The Geological Society}}</ref> *An zabe ta 'yar'uwar kungiyar Geological Society of London (FGS) a 2009<ref name=royal>{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/katherine-willis-100000009/|title=Professor Katherine Willis|website=royalsociety.org}}</ref> *ta kasance memba na kasashen waje a Cibiyar Kimiyya da Wasika ta Norwegian<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnva.no/c26849/artikkel/vis.html?tid=40124|title=Gruppe 5: Biologi|publisher=Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters|language=Norwegian|accessdate=30 March 2016|archive-date=10 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410060948/http://www.dnva.no/c26849/artikkel/vis.html?tid=40124|url-status=dead}}</ref> *An ba ta kyautar Michael Faraday Prize ta Royal Society, 2015{{cn|date=Yuli 2021}} * Doctorate na girmamawa, Jami'ar Bergen, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uib.no/en/news/106945/eight-new-honorary-doctorates-uib|title=Eight new honorary doctorates at UiB|date=2017-05-03|access-date=2021-07-30|website=[[University of Bergen]]|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125213935/https://www.uib.no/en/news/106945/eight-new-honorary-doctorates-uib}}</ref> *An nada ta Kwamanda mafi kyawun odar daular Burtaniya (CBE) a cikin karramawar ranar haihuwa ta 2018.<ref name=cbe>{{cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/3041567|title=Katherine WILLIS|website=www.thegazette.co.uk}}</ref> *An ba ta lambar yabo ta Marsh Ecology Award ta British Ecological Society, 2018 <ref> {{cite web|url=https://www.zoo.ox.ac.uk/article/professor-kathy-willis-awarded-bes-marsh-award-ecology|title=Professor Kathy Willis awarded BES Marsh Award for Ecology|publisher=Oxford University|accessdate=5 May 2020}} </ref>{{div col end}} == Manazarta. == 4xp7v8ykirh1icna7dt5pih2c142qpn 0 34325 827896 679489 2026-04-30T04:33:48Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing Max_McCaffrey.JPG with [[File:Max_McCaffrey_(Green_Bay_Packers_player)_during_pre-season_game_against_Denver_Broncos_on_August_26,_2017_in_Denver,_Colorado.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]] 827896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Max McCaffrey (Green Bay Packers player) during pre-season game against Denver Broncos on August 26, 2017 in Denver, Colorado.jpg|thumb|max McCaffrey]] [[Fayil:Dylan McCaffrey (435218601).jpg|thumb|mccafferey]] '''Maxwell James McCaffrey,''' (an haife shi a watan Mayu 17, 1994) kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka kuma tsohon mai karɓa wanda ya taka leda a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa (NFL) na tsawon yanayi uku. A halin yanzu shi ne mai kula da muggan laifuka na Bears a Jami'ar Arewacin Colorado . Ya buga kwallon kafa na kwaleji a Duke kuma ya rattaba hannu tare da Oakland Raiders a matsayin wakili na kyauta wanda ba shi da izini a cikin 2016. == Aikin koleji == [[File:Dylan McCaffrey (435218601).jpg|thumb|Max McCaffrey]] A cikin wasanni 53 a Duke (farawa 38), McCaffrey ya kama wucewar 117 don yadudduka 1,341 da 12 touchdowns, kuma sau biyu ya sami karramawar Ilimin All-ACC. A cikin 2015, ya fara duk wasannin 13, yana yin liyafar 52 don yadudduka 643 (12.4 kowace kama) da taɓawa biyar. == Sana'ar sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=6|height in=2|weight=196|dash=4.46|ten split=1.54|twenty split=2.60|shuttle=4.15|cone drill=7.09|vertical=36.5|broad ft=10|broad in=2|bench=9|arm span=32 1/2|hand span=9|wonderlic=|note=All values from Pro Day<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=124228&DraftYear=2016 |title=Max McCaffrey, Duke, WR, 2016 NFL Draft Scout, NCAA College Football |website=draftscout.com |access-date=October 18, 2021}}</ref>}} === Oakland Raiders === A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2016, McCaffrey ya rattaba hannu tare da Oakland Raiders a matsayin wakili na kyauta wanda ba a zaɓe shi ba bayan ƙarshen 2016 NFL Draft . A ranar 29 ga [[Ogusta|Agusta]], 2016, Raiders sun sake shi. === Green Bay Packers === A ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2016, McCaffrey ya rattaba hannu a cikin tawagar 'yan wasan Packers. A ranar 21 ga Janairu, 2017, McCaffrey ya sami ci gaba zuwa jerin gwano kafin gasar NFC Championship da Atlanta Falcons, a matsayin inshora ga Jordy Nelson . Duk da haka, a zahiri bai taka leda a gasar zakarun da kanta ba. Ya kasance tare da Packers ta hanyar kashe-kashen da ya biyo baya da kuma preseason na 2017, kafin a yi watsi da shi a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2017. === New Orleans Saints === A ranar 3 ga Satumba, 2017, an rattaba hannu McCaffrey zuwa kungiyar horo ta New Orleans Saints . === Jacksonville Jaguars === [[File:No. 82 Josh Weeks DVIDS507213.jpg|thumb|Max McCaffrey]] A ranar 12 ga [[Satumba]], 2017, an sanya wa McCaffrey rattaba hannu ga Jacksonville Jaguars mai fafutuka daga rukunin ayyukan waliyyai bayan an sanya Allen Robinson a wurin ajiyar da ya ji rauni. A cikin Makon 5, a kan Pittsburgh Steelers, ya fara kama shi na farko na NFL, liyafar yadi hudu. Jaguars sun yi watsi da shi a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 2017. === Green Bay Packers (lokaci na biyu) === A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2017, an rattaba hannu McCaffrey zuwa tawagar 'yan wasan Packers. === San Francisco 49ers === A ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2017, San Francisco 49ers sun rattaba hannu kan McCaffrey kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu daga cikin tawagar 'yan wasan Packers. [[Fayil:Dylan McCaffrey (435218601).jpg|thumb|Max McCaffrey]] A ranar 29 ga Agusta, 2018, 49ers sun yi watsi da McCaffrey / sun ji rauni bayan an yi masa tiyata a ƙafa kuma an sanya shi a wurin ajiyar da ya ji rauni. Washegari aka sake shi. An dakatar da shi na makonni hudu na farkon kakar wasa a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2018. An dawo da shi daga dakatarwar a ranar 2 ga Oktoba. An sake sanya hannu a cikin tawagar 49ers' practs a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2018. A ranar 29 ga Disamba, 2018, an ƙara McCaffrey zuwa ga mai aiki. A ranar 3 ga Agusta, 2019, 49ers sun yi watsi da McCaffrey. === Masu tsaron DC === A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2019, an tsara McCaffrey a zagaye na 8th na daftarin 2019 XFL ta DC Defenders . An sake shi kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun saboda karɓar aiki a matsayin babban kocin masu karɓa na Arewacin Colorado Bears a cikin Janairu 2020. NFL ta dakatar da McCaffrey na makonni 10 a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 2019. An dawo da shi daga dakatarwar a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 2019. == Aikin koyarwa == McCaffrey ya haɗu da mahaifinsa a jami'ar Arewacin Colorado mai horar da horarwa a matsayin babban kocin masu karɓa a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 2020, bayan ya bar kwatsam na DC Defenders zuwa sansanin horo. An ƙara McCaffrey zuwa Mai Gudanar da Laifi a lokacin bazara na 2021. A matsayin OC, har yanzu yana aiki tare da masu karɓa mai faɗi. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Max shine ɗan Ed da Lisa McCaffrey. Kanensa Kirista, an tsara shi a zagayen farko a matsayin mai gudu daga Carolina Panthers, kuma ya taka rawa iri daya a Stanford . Kanensa Dylan yana wasa a Jami'ar Arewacin Colorado, a matsayin kwata-kwata . Ƙaninsa, Luka, ɗan wasan jajayen riga ne a jami'ar Rice . Mahaifinsa ya kasance babban mai karɓa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa na yanayi goma sha uku daga 1991 – 2003 inda ya taka leda a New York Giants, San Francisco 49ers da Denver Broncos . Kawun nasa Billy, ya buga wasan kwando sau biyu a Duke kuma ya taka leda a kungiyar gasar zakarun kasa ta 1991 kafin ya koma Vanderbilt da raba lambar yabo ta SEC Player of the Year a cikin 1992 – 93. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.goduke.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=205497340 Duke profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923224130/http://www.goduke.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=205497340 |date=2016-09-23 }} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 62wwcsncy80wv1rltas1ugd6vtbxr65 0 34873 827748 793459 2026-04-29T17:02:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q61694623}} [[Fayil:Johnson Kwaku Adu.jpg|thumb|Johnson Kwaku Adu]] '''Johnson Kwaku Adu''' (an haife shi a ranar goma 10 ga watan Agusta shekara ta, alif dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da tara 1969) ɗan siyasan Ghana ne kuma memba na majalisar dokoki ta bakwai na Jamhuriyyar Ghana ta huɗu kuma majalissar ta takwas 8 ta Jamhuriyyar Ghana ta huɗu, mai wakiltar mazabar Ahafo Ano ta Kudu maso yamma a yankin Ashanti akan tikitin. na New Patriotic Party.<ref name="mps24">{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=24|title=Parliament of Ghana|website=www.parliament.gh|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2023-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130081625/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=24|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-09|title=Johnson Kwaku Adu retains Ahafo Ano South West seat for the third time|url=https://www.etvghana.com/johnson-kwaku-adu-retains-ahafo-ano-south-west-seat-for-the-third-time/|access-date=2022-02-04|website=e.TVGhana|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603004857/https://www.etvghana.com/johnson-kwaku-adu-retains-ahafo-ano-south-west-seat-for-the-third-time/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adu a ranar goma 10 ga watan agusta a shekara ta, alif dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da tara 1969 a Akrokerri a cikin yankin Ashanti. Ya sami Diploma a Chemistry/ a shekara ta, dubu biyu 2000. Ya sami BEd (Science) a Jami'ar Ilimi, Winneba a shekarar, dubu biyu da daya 2001.<ref name="mps24" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Adu Kirista ne kuma abokin tarayya a Cocin Fentikos.<ref name="mps24" /> Yana da aure da ’ya’ya biyu.<ref name="mps">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5293|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Adu, Johnson Kwaku|website=www.ghanamps.com|access-date=2020-01-25}}</ref> == Aiki == Adu ya kasance kodinetan NADMO na gundumar Ahafo Ano ta kudu daga shekarar dubu biyu da biyu 2002 zuwa shekarar alif dubu biyu da tara 2009, da kuma ofishin kula da harkokin ilimi na Ghana (Circuit Supervisor) Ahafo Ano District Office daga shekarar, dubu biyu da goma 2010 zuwa shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha biyu 2012.<ref name="mps" /> Sannan ya kasance malami mai koyar da kimiyya a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Akrokeri.<ref name="mps" /> == Rayuwar siyasa == Adu dan jam'iyyar NPP ne.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Members of Parliament|url=https://www.fact-checkghana.com/members-of-parliament/|access-date=2022-02-04|website=Fact Check Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Effah|first=Steven|date=2020-06-20|title=Second round of NPP primaries begin across Ghana|url=https://3news.com/second-round-of-npp-primaries-begin-across-ghana/|access-date=2022-02-04|website=3NEWS|archive-date=2023-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602221613/https://3news.com/second-round-of-npp-primaries-begin-across-ghana/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-20|title=#NPPDecides: Profiles of aspirants going unopposed in Ashanti Region|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/nppdecides-profiles-of-aspirants-going-unopposed-in-ashanti-region/|access-date=2022-02-04|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kasance dan majalisa mai rinjaye a majalisar dokoki ta 6 a jamhuriya ta hudu 4 ta Ghana. Ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar Wakilan Ahafo Ano ta Kudu, Mankraso, daga watan Afrilu shekara ta , dubu biyu da tara 2009 zuwa Janairu shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha ukku 2011; da MP daga watan Janairu shekara ta, dubu biyu da goma sha ukku 2013 zuwa yau; zangonsa na biyu kenan.<ref name="mps" /> Ya tsaya takara a babban zaben Ghana na shekarar, dubu biyu da ashirin 2020 akan tikitin New Patriotic Party kuma ya lashe zaben wakilci a majalisar wakilai ta takwas 8 na Jamhuriyyar Ghana ta hudu. Ya samu nasara da kuri’u dubu goma sha biyar da dari bakwai da sittin da daya 15,761 wanda ya samu kashi hamsin da hudu da digo hamsin da daya 54.51% na jimillar kuri’u yayin da dan takarar majalisar dokokin kasar NDC Sadik Abubakar ya samu kuri’u dubu goma sha ukku da dari da hamsin da ukku 13,153 ya samu kashi arba'in da biyar da digo arba'in da tara 45.49% na kuri’u da dan takara mai zaman kansa Adom Douglas Kwakye ya samu kuri’u dubu goma sha daya da hamsin da biyu 11,052.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=2020 Election - Ahafo Ano South West Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/ashanti/ahafo_ano_south_west/|access-date=2022-02-04|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahafo Ano South West – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report|url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/ashanti-region/ahafo-ano-south-west/|access-date=2022-02-04|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin shekarar, alif dubu biyu da ashirin da daya 2021, Adu tare da [[Alexander Kwamina Afenyo-Markin|Alexander Kwamena Afenyo-Markin]], [[Abdul-Aziz Ayaba Musah]], [[Laadi Ayii Ayamba]] da [[Emmanuel Kwasi Bedzrah]] an rantsar da su yayin babban zama na shekarar, 2021 na Majalisar ECOWAS wanda ya faru a Freetown a Saliyo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=author|last2=ANAETO|first2=Fred|date=2021-03-29|title=1st Extraordinary Session 2021 of ECOWAS Parliament: Adoption of the Strategic Plan (2020-2024) as the first priority.|url=https://parl.ecowas.int/2021-first-extraordinary-session-of-the-ecowas-parliament-adoption-of-the-strategic-plan-2020-2024-priority-among-other-events/|access-date=2022-02-04|website=ECOWAS Parliament Website|language=en-US}}</ref> === Kwamitoci === Adu shine shugaban kwamitin matasa, wasanni da al'adu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hooliganism now a threat to Ghana’s hosting rights for the 2023 All Africa Games|url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1092162/hooliganism-now-a-threat-to-ghanas-hosting-rights.html|access-date=2022-02-04|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> kuma memba a kwamitin lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=170|access-date=2022-02-04|website=www.parliament.gh|archive-date=2023-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602220107/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=170|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Amoah|first=Pascal Nii-Gogo|date=17 September 2021|title=Appointment of next Black Stars coach should be based on merit, not color - Parliamentary Committee on Sports to GFA|url=https://www.kickgh.com/ghana-football/14795-appointment-of-next-black-stars-coach-should-be-based-on-merit-not-color-parliamentary-committee-on-sports-to-gfa|access-date=4 February 2022|website=Kickgh|archive-date=3 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603003356/https://www.kickgh.com/ghana-football/14795-appointment-of-next-black-stars-coach-should-be-based-on-merit-not-color-parliamentary-committee-on-sports-to-gfa|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Takyi|first=Christian|title=NSA BOARD INAUGURATED|url=https://moys.gov.gh/?p=2797|access-date=2022-02-04|website=Ministry of Youth and Sports|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301115636/https://moys.gov.gh/?p=2797|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rigima == A cikin watan Afrilun shekara ta, dubu biyu da ashirin da bakwai 2017, Hukumar Burtaniya a Ghana ta zargi Adu, [[George Boakye (dan siyasa)|George Boakye]], [[Richard Acheampong]], da [[Benhazin Joseph Dahah|Joseph Benhazin Dahah]] da taimakawa 'yan uwansu shiga Burtaniya ba bisa ka'ida ba ta hanyar amfani da fasfo din diflomasiyya. Adu ya tafi Landan ne tare da matarsa ​​da diyarsa kuma ana zargin ya bar su a baya a Biritaniya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-28|title=U.K. Accuses 4 Ghanaian MPs of Visa Fraud|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/ghana-mps-visa-fraud|access-date=2022-02-04|website=Face2Face Africa|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-26|title=Four MPs barred from the UK for ‘visa fraud’|url=https://citifmonline.com/2017/04/four-mps-barred-from-the-uk-for-visa-fraud/|access-date=2022-02-04|website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525134006/https://citifmonline.com/2017/04/four-mps-barred-from-the-uk-for-visa-fraud/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Boakye-Yiadom|first=Nana|last2=Searcey|first2=Dionne|date=2017-04-27|title=Britain Accuses Ghana Lawmakers of Visa Fraud|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/27/world/africa/ghana-visa-fraud-parliament.html|access-date=2022-02-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-27|title=4 MPs Busted For VIsa Fraud|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/4-mps-busted-visa-fraud/|access-date=2022-02-04|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] j9foynuw1yr0ta0xg35j6802sg8ng5a 0 38753 827804 794474 2026-04-29T19:00:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joshua Alabi''' (an haife shi 1 Maris ɗin shekarar 1958) ɗan ilimi ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan ƙasar Ghana, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Nazarin Ƙwararrun, Accra (UPSA) daga 2012 zuwa 2016.<ref>http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Akufo-Addo-Congratulates-Prof-Alabi-257465</ref> Ya taba yin aiki a matsayin Rector na wannan cibiyar daga 2009 zuwa 2012 da Pro-Rector daga 2005 zuwa 2008.<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/181966/professor-joshua-alabi-appointed-rector-of-ips.html</ref> A siyasar Ghana, Alabi ya kasance dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Krowor a cikin Greater Accra daga 1997 zuwa 2001 kuma dan majalisar wakilai na jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress (NDC) daga shekarar 1997 zuwa 2001 kuma ya kasance karamin ministan babban birnin Accra da yankin Arewa daga 1997 zuwa 2001.<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/8252/rawlings-reshuffles-cabinet.html</ref> Alabi dan jam’iyyar National Democratic Congress ne kuma ya jagoranci sake fasalin jam’iyyar a yankin Greater Accra a shekarar 2001 bayan da jam’iyyar ta sha kaye a zaben 2000 a hannun ‘yan adawa. Bayan da aka sake fasalin, ya zama tsohon Ministan jam’iyyar na farko da ya tsaya takara kuma ya yi nasara a matsayin shugaban jam’iyyar NDC a yankin Greater Accra daga 2001 zuwa 2005.<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200407260123.html</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Dan ƙabilar Ga daga Nungua, an haifi Alabi a ranar 1 ga Maris 1958 a Accra. Mahaifinsa ma'aikacin mota ne kuma manomi, mahaifiyarsa kuwa ƴar kasuwa ce. Ya yi karatunsa na firamare da sakandare a makarantar share fage ta St. John (yanzu St. John's Grammar School) da ke Achimota, a unguwar Accra, daga 1965 zuwa 1971. Daga nan ya wuce makarantar sakandare ta Tamale inda ya yi karatun sakandire inda ya yi karatu. Ya sami Takaddun Takaddun Karatu na Talakawa da Na gaba daga 1971 zuwa 1976. Alabi ya kammala karatunsa na ƙwararru a fannin Accountancy da Marketing a Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (IPS) a lokacin daga 1976 zuwa 1980. Daga baya ya tafi Turai don yin digiri na biyu; daya cikin Masana'antu Tattalin Arziki (MSc) daga Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasa ta Moscow, Plekhanov (Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki na Rasha a yanzu) a cikin 1986 da MSc a Kasuwancin Kasa da Kasa daga Jami'ar Strathclyde a Glasgow Scotland inda ya ba da lambar yabo ta Mushod Abiola don Nagartar Kasuwanci a cikin 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.upsa.edu.gh/index.php/2017-01-29-07-59-17/2017-01-29-08-09-00/history |access-date=2022-11-21 |archive-date=2017-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212224355/http://upsa.edu.gh/index.php/2017-01-29-07-59-17/2017-01-29-08-09-00/history |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shi Mataimakin Farfesa ne na Kasuwanci a UPSA, memba na Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Chartered (CIM), Ghana, Fellow of Ghana Institute of Taxation da Fellow of Chartered Institute of Bankers, Ghana.<ref>http://upsa.edu.gh/index.php/2-uncategorised?start=36{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin ilimi == Bayan ya kammala horon sana'a a IPS, Alabi ya fara aikin koyarwa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Arewa da ke garin Tamale daga 1980 zuwa 1981 kafin ya tafi Tarayyar Soviet don yin digiri na ilimi. Kafin nadinsa a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa, Alabi ya shafe sama da shekaru ashirin a rayuwarsa yana koyarwa daga 1987 zuwa 2005. A lokacin ya zama shugaban sashen tallace-tallace a 1989, ya zama shugaban sashen gudanarwa daga 2003 zuwa 2005. .A shekarar 2001 ne jami’ar ta kara masa girma zuwa babban malami, sannan kuma a shekara ta 2008 kwamitin gudanarwa na jami’ar ya ba shi mukamin babban malami, bayan ya cika sharuddan karin girma da hukumar kula da nadi da kara girma ta jami’ar ta gindaya. Ya samu mukamin Pro-Rector daga 2005 zuwa 2008, da kuma Rector daga 2008 zuwa 2012.<ref>http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Alabi-appointed-Rector-of-IPS-149842</ref> A matakin hukuma, Alabi ya yi aiki a kwamitoci da dama da suka hada da: Majalisar Mulki ta UPSA, Kwamitin Dokoki, Kwamitin Kudi, Kwamitin Ilimi, Kwamitin Zartarwa, Kwamitin Tsare-tsare da Albarkatu, da Kwamitin Kasafi. Ya jagoranci wasu kwamitoci da suka hada da, kwamitin ci gaba, kwamitin wallafe-wallafe, kwamitin bincike da taro da kwamitin laburare.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/news/201702/305197.php |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-11-21 |archive-date=2017-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304195159/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/news/201702/305197.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar Siyasa == === A Matsayin Dan Majalisa === Al’ummar mazabar Krowor da ke yankin Greater Accra ne suka zabe Alabi a kan tikitin jam’iyyar NDC a matsayin dan majalisa daga 1997 zuwa 2001Yayin da yake majalisar, Alabi kuma ya taba zama memba na kwamitin kasuwanci na majalisar (1997 zuwa 2001); kuma memba na Kwamitin Zaɓaɓɓen Majalisar Dokoki akan Abinci da Noma (1997 zuwa 2001).<ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2018/August-8th/ndc-race-could-alabi-pull-a-flagbearer-surprise.php{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === A matsayinsa na karamin minista === Shugaban kasar Ghana na lokacin mai girma Flt. Laftanar Jerry John Rawlings a matsayin Babban Ministan Yanki na Accra,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4uhAkf5yhI</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=5Fk7cSGFv38C&q=Rawlings+names+Joshua+Alabi+as+greater+accra+regional+minister&pg=PA12</ref> daga baya an koma shi zuwa yankin Arewa<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9urEIqUItpQC&q=The+Political+Reference+Almanac+northern+Joshua+Alabi</ref> don yin aiki a matsayin Ministan Yanki sannan kuma ya sake komawa Yankin Halittar Accra, wannan ya faru tsakanin 1997 da 2001.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9urEIqUItpQC&q=The+Political+Reference+Almanac+northern+Joshua+Alabi</ref> Ya shugabanci Majalisar Tsaron Yanki na Babban Accra da Arewacin Arewa a matsayin shugaba daga 1997 zuwa 2001.<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/8252/rawlings-reshuffles-cabinet.html</ref> Lokacin da NDC ta sha kaye a zaben 2000, an nada Alabi a matsayin shugaban kwamitin sake fasalin yankin Greater Accra. Ba da dadewa ba, ya samu zabe a matsayin shugaban yankin Greater Accra na NDC daga 2001 zuwa 2005. Ya kuma zama kodinetan yakin neman zaben Farfesa John Atta Mills a shekarar 2004.<ref>http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/economy/artikel.php?ID=33285</ref> A lokacin yana dalibi a Turai, Alabi ya kasance jakadan daliban Ghana, ya rike mukaman shugaban NUGS na Turai daga 1985 zuwa 1986, NUGS shugaban USSR na wa'adi biyu, daga 1983 zuwa 1985, da NUGS Moscow mataimakin shugaban kasa daga 1982 zuwa 1983. Kamar yadda NUGS, Shugaba, Alabi ya jagoranci "The Medicines for Health Project" kuma a cikin 1984 ya tattara kuma ya kai adadin magunguna ga shugaban kasa, Flt. Laftanar Jerry John Rawlings ga mutanen Ghana a lokacin da ake fama da koma bayan tattalin arziki a farkon shekarun 1980.<ref>https://newsghana.com.gh/joshua-alabis-honourable-retirement/</ref> == Gudanar da wasanni == A fagen wasanni kuwa Alabi ya kasance babban sakataren kungiyar kulab din Ghana (GHALCA) daga 1994 zuwa 1997. Ya kuma kasance memba a hukumar gudanarwar hukumar kwallon kafa ta Ghana (GFA) kuma kodinetan kwamitin gudanarwa na kungiyar Black Stars na Ghana daga 1994 zuwa 1997.<ref>https://www.newsghana.com.gh/joshua-alabis-humble-beginnings</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Alabi Kirista ne. Ya auri Goski B. Alabi, wanda kuma malami ne kuma farfesa a fannin Gudanarwa da Jagoranci. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=15 October 2018|title=Prof Alabi and wife celebrates 20 years of marriage|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Prof-Alabi-and-wife-celebrates-20-years-of-marriage-692771|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=27 January 2021|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=14 May 2018|title=My wife is competent for First Lady job – Joshua Alabi|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/My-wife-is-competent-for-First-Lady-job-Joshua-Alabi-651674|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=27 January 2021|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> == Sauran ayyukan sana'a == Alabi ya kuma yi aiki a shuwagabannin kamfanoni da dama a lokacin aikinsa. Ya kasance shugaban kwamitin amintattu na Social Security da National Insurance Trust na kusan shekaru hudu (2013 zuwa 2016), yana ba da jagorar dabaru ga Trust da sauran jarin ta. Ya kuma kasance shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na bankin HFC na tsawon kimanin shekaru biyu (2014 zuwa 2016). Ya kasance shugaban majalisar gudanarwa na kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha ta Accra na tsawon shekaru biyar daga 2009 zuwa 2014. Ya kasance shugaban majalisar bunkasa litattafai ta Ghana daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2017. Alabi ya kuma kasance mamba a hukumar UNESCO ta Ghana kamar yadda ya saba. a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Kimiyyar zamantakewa na Hukumar UNESCO ta Ghana, daga 2009 zuwa 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=SSNIT, ADB and Statistical Service boards reconstituted|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/economy/artikel.php?ID=280889|access-date=4 March 2017|work=www.ghanaweb.com|ref=14|archive-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305035255/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/economy/artikel.php?ID=280889|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alabi ya kasance memba na rukunin kwararru na hukumar zartarwa ta UNESCO (Paris) a 2011, memba na kwamitin zartarwa kuma ya jagoranci yankin yammacin Afirka na kungiyar shugabannin jami'o'i na duniya daga 2011 zuwa 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=Professor Joshua Alabi – A rare gem retires|url=http://3news.com/professor-joshua-alabi-a-rare-gem-retires/|access-date=4 March 2017|work=3News|date=3 January 2017|ref=15|archive-date=4 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304193310/http://3news.com/professor-joshua-alabi-a-rare-gem-retires/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya gudanar da ayyuka da dama na kasa da kasa da na kasa. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban hukumar kula da Cibiyar Bayar da Shawarwari ta masu amfani (CAC) Ghana, memba mai haɗin gwiwa na Consumers International, (CI) kuma memba na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Kasuwanci a cikin ƙasashe 115.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ayiku|first1=Charles Nii Ayiku|title=Professor Joshua Alabi - A Rare Gem Retires - Graphic Online|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/professor-joshua-alabi-a-rare-gem-retires.html|access-date=4 March 2017|work=www.graphic.com.gh|ref=16|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == A ranar 29 ga Oktoba 2016, Shugaban kasar Ghana, Mai girma John Dramani Mahama ya ba Alabi lambar yabo ta "Officer of the Order of Volta".<ref>{{cite news|title=Prof. Joshua Alabi {{sic|Reci|eves|nolink=y}} National Award|url=http://www.upsa.edu.gh/index.php/new/329-prof-joshua-alabi-recieves-national-award|access-date=4 March 2017|work=www.upsa.edu.gh|ref=18|archive-date=5 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805042617/http://www.upsa.edu.gh/index.php/new/329-prof-joshua-alabi-recieves-national-award|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin watan Yulin 2015, Alabi ya samu lambar yabo daga Cibiyar Ma'aikatan Banki ta Chartered (CIB) don karramawa da jagorancinsa da sauya shekar IPS zuwa jami'a mai cikakken iko, da kuma yadda ya yi aiki a fannin banki da hada-hadar kudi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Charted Institute Of Bankers Honour Prof. Joshua Alabi - UPSA|url=http://newsite.upsa.edu.gh/upsa-news/chartered-institute-of-bankers-honour-prof-joshua-alabi|access-date=4 March 2017|work=UPSA|date=5 July 2015|ref=19}}{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Har ila yau, an nada shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Afirka na shekarar 2013 ta kungiyar daliban Afirka ta All-Africa. Bugu da kari, kungiyar daliban Ghana ta kasa (NUGS) ta ba Alabi lambar yabo saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga ilimi a Ghana.<ref>{{cite news|title=Professor Joshua Alabi-A Rare Gem Retires {{!}} Lifestyle -|url=http://thebftonline.com/lifestyle/22617/professor-joshua-alabi-a-rare-gem-retires.html|access-date=4 March 2017|work=thebftonline.com|ref=22|language=en|archive-date=4 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304194554/http://thebftonline.com/lifestyle/22617/professor-joshua-alabi-a-rare-gem-retires.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alabi ya samu kyautar gwarzon dan kasuwar Ghana na shekarar 2012, ta Cibiyar Kasuwancin Ghana (CIMG) ta Chartered.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Obour|first1=Samuel K.|title=Alabi, Esther Cobbah win top marketing awards - Graphic Online|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/alabi-esther-cobbah-win-top-marketing-awards.html|access-date=4 March 2017|work=www.graphic.com.gh|ref=20|language=en-gb}}</ref> An kuma naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban mafi tasiri a fannin jama'a a Ghana na shekara ta 2012, ta Cibiyar Siyasa da Ilimi ta IMANI Ghana, wata manufa ta Think Tank, saboda natsuwa, tsayayye da jagoranci, wanda ya haifar da sauyi na IPS.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prof. Alabi, Dr. Mbia named in IMANI top-5 leaders|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/economy/Prof-Alabi-Dr-Mbia-named-in-IMANI-top-5-leaders-273229|work=www.ghanaweb.com|ref=21}}</ref> ==Manazarta== [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1958]] hmr6mi33y5jorv7ji43co55elqhitem 0 38800 827949 793670 2026-04-30T10:22:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kojo Armah''' (an haife shi 27 Nuwamban shekarar 1945 - ya mutu 4 Mayu 2014) ɗan diplomasiyyar Ghana ne, lauya kuma ɗan siyasa.<ref>http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/kojo-armah-dies.html</ref> Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Convention People's Party kuma tsohon dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Evalue-Ajomoro-Gwira a yankin Yamma.<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/kojo-armah-dies.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.africanewshub.com/fr/news/1667354-kojo-armah-laid-to-rest |access-date=2022-11-18 |archive-date=2017-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731025604/https://www.africanewshub.com/fr/news/1667354-kojo-armah-laid-to-rest |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://vibeghana.com/2014/07/04/parliamentarians-pay-tribute-to-the-late-kojo-armah/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-11-18 |archive-date=2017-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731041728/http://vibeghana.com/2014/07/04/parliamentarians-pay-tribute-to-the-late-kojo-armah/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Former-CPP-MP-Kojo-Armah-laid-to-rest-316808</ref> Har ila yau ya kasance masanin ilmin harshe da harshe. Ya wakilci mazabar Evalue-Ajomoro-Gwira a lokuta har biyu daban-daban, daga 1996 zuwa 2000 da kuma daga 2004 zuwa 2008. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban karamar hukumar Nzema East daga 2001 zuwa 2004.<ref>http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/kojo-armah-dies.html</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi James Evans Armah a Axim a yankin Yamma ga James Enyimah Armah da Sikayena Baidoe. An haife shi a wajen mahaifiyarsa, Misis Quarshie, da danginta. Ya sami karatun firamare daga makarantar firamare ta Asokore da makarantar Middle Roman Catholic, kuma ya sami shaidar matakin O da A daga babbar makarantar Apam.<ref>https://www.newsghana.com.gh/legacy-of-late-kojo-armah/</ref> A 1969, ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Ghana, Legon, da digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa. Ya sami takardar shaidar kammala karatun digiri a fannin ilimi a Jami'ar Cape Coast.<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/551641/kojo-armahs-legacya-life-worth-celebrating.html</ref> == Rayuwar aiki == Ya koma Axim bayan ya kammala jami'a sannan ya koyarwa a Nsein Senior High School daga 1969 zuwa 1971. Bayan ya kammala karatun digirinsa ya koyar a makarantar fasaha ta Ghana da ke Takoradi. Ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa na koyarwa a shekara ta 1973 don ɗaukar alƙawari a Ofishin Bincike na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a matsayin mataimakin darakta mai daraja II. Ya fara ayyukan diflomasiyya da yawa, daya daga cikinsu ya ba shi damar yin difloma a Faransanci, adabi da wayewa daga Jami'ar Touraine.<ref>https://www.newsghana.com.gh/legacy-of-late-kojo-armah/</ref> A matsayinsa na jami'in diflomasiyya, ya rike mukamai da dama a kasashen mishan da dama, kamar sakatare na farko da kuma shugaban ofishin jakadanci a ofishin jakadancin Ghana a Conakry na kasar Guinea, da kuma mai kula da harkokin kasashen waje a Togo. Armah ya samu mukamin mataimakin darakta mai daraja 1 a shekara ta 1977 bayan ya kammala karatun difloma a fannin gudanarwar gwamnati a Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanarwa ta Ghana.<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/551641/kojo-armahs-legacya-life-worth-celebrating.html</ref> Bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a Ghana a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1981, an sake kiransa zuwa kasar kuma aka aika shi a ofishin Afirka da Turai a Sashen Bincike na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje, inda ya yi aiki daga 1982 zuwa 1984.<ref>https://www.newsghana.com.gh/legacy-of-late-kojo-armah/</ref> An canza shi zuwa Hukumar Gidajen tarihi da abubuwan tarihi na Ghana a 1984 a matsayin sakataren gudanarwa. An kara masa girma zuwa mukamin mataimakin darakta a ofishin shugaban ma’aikatan gwamnati. Sa’ad da yake hidima, ya shiga Makarantar Shari’a ta Ghana kuma aka kira shi zuwa Bar Ghana a 1987.<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/551641/kojo-armahs-legacya-life-worth-celebrating.html</ref> A shekara ta 1992, ya yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati don ci gaba da sana'ar shari'a da siyasa. Ya mallaki Ankobra FM, gidan rediyo mai zaman kansa da ke Axim.<ref>http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/kojo-armah-dies.html</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == A cikin babban zaɓe na 1996, Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Patriotic tana da dabarun siyasa tare da Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Jama'a, wadda ake wa lakabi da Babban Haɗin kai. Ɗaya daga cikin sakamakon haɗin gwiwar ya ba Armah damar lashe kujerar Evalue Gwira a 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.mydiamondradio.com/kojo-armah-kofi-ansah-dead/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |archive-date=2017-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731030821/http://www.mydiamondradio.com/kojo-armah-kofi-ansah-dead/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya sha kaye a yunkurinsa na sake zabensa a matsayin dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar a shekara ta 2000. A zaben majalisar dokoki na 2004 New Patriotic Party ta sake shiga kawance da jam'iyyar Convention People's Party kuma ta gabatar da Armah a matsayin dan takara daya. Ya ci zabe ya koma majalisa a shekara ta 2005.<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200802041189.html</ref> A zaben majalisar dokoki na 2008 Armah ya sha kaye a yunkurinsa na sake tsayawa takara a karkashin Catherine Afeku ta sabuwar jam’iyyar Patriotic Party.<ref>http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/kojo-armah-dies.html</ref><ref>http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201405/198299.php{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Shugaban karamar hukuma === Lokacin da Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Patriotic Party ta lashe babban zaben shekara ta 2000, Shugaba John Agyekum Kufour ya nada Armah a matsayin shugaban karamar hukumar Nzema ta Gabas. Armah ya yi aiki a wannan matsayi na wa'adi daya, daga 2000 zuwa karshen 2004.<ref>http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/kojo-armah-dies.html</ref> === Kwamitin Kojo Armah === An nada Armah shugaban kwamitin Kojo Armah, kwamitin wucin gadi na majalisar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.mydiamondradio.com/kojo-armah-kofi-ansah-dead/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |archive-date=2017-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731030821/http://www.mydiamondradio.com/kojo-armah-kofi-ansah-dead/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An kafa kwamitin don bincikar yanayin da ya haifar da musanya bayanan hodar iblis tare da kullu na masara a dakin baje kolin narcotics na 'yan sanda a cikin Sashen Binciken Laifuka na Hukumar 'Yan sandan Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.mydiamondradio.com/kojo-armah-kofi-ansah-dead/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |archive-date=2017-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731030821/http://www.mydiamondradio.com/kojo-armah-kofi-ansah-dead/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="cr">{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/BNI-Report-On-2008-Cocaine-Turned-Corn-Dough-Ready-For-Prez-228134|title=BNI Report On 2008 "Cocaine Turned Corn Dough" Ready For Prez.|publisher=Ghana Web|date=20 January 2012|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="cyyc">{{cite web|url=http://www.todaygh.com/committees-probing-cocaine-case-cant-be-trusted/|title=Committees probing cocaine case can't be trusted|publisher=Today Ghana|date=16 December 2011|access-date=2 August 2017|archive-date=2 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802211927/http://www.todaygh.com/committees-probing-cocaine-case-cant-be-trusted/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="adfa">{{cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/163808/police-fault-kojo-armah-committee.html|title=Police fault Kojo Armah Committee|publisher=Modern Ghana|date=28 April 2008|access-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A 1973 Armah ya auri Sabina Akainyah; sun haifi ‘ya’ya uku.<ref>http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Former-CPP-MP-Kojo-Armah-laid-to-rest-316808</ref> Ya kasance memba na Cocin Katolika.<ref>http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/kojo-armah-dies.html</ref><ref>http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201405/198299.php{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Mutuwa == Armah ya rasu ne a ranar 4 ga Mayu, 2014 a asibitin koyarwa na Korle Bu da ke birnin Accra.<ref>http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Former-CPP-MP-Kojo-Armah-laid-to-rest-316808</ref> Ya rasu a karshen mako kuma a asibiti daya da Kofi Ansah, fitaccen mai zanen kayan kwalliyar kasar Ghana a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.mydiamondradio.com/kojo-armah-kofi-ansah-dead/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |archive-date=2017-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731030821/http://www.mydiamondradio.com/kojo-armah-kofi-ansah-dead/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="dea2">{{cite web|url=http://www.justiceghana.com/index.php/en/obituaries/6995-kojo-armah-kofi-ansah-dead|title=Kojo Armah, Kofi Ansah Dead|publisher=Justice Ghana|access-date=2 August 2017|archive-date=2 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802204956/http://www.justiceghana.com/index.php/en/obituaries/6995-kojo-armah-kofi-ansah-dead|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="deea2">{{cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/May-5th/todays-front-pages.php|title=Today's front pages|publisher=Myjoy Online|date=5 May 2014|access-date=2 August 2017}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Peace FM|title=Former CPP MP For Evalue-Gwira, Kojo Armah, Dies|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201405/198299.php|access-date=2020-08-03|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archive-date=2017-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731025332/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201405/198299.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Matattu]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Armah, Kojo}} [[Category:1945 births]] [[Category:2014 deaths]] [[Category:Convention People's Party (Ghana) politicians]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 1997–2001]] [[Category:Ghanaian MPs 2005–2009]] [[Category:20th-century Ghanaian lawyers]] [[Category:University of Ghana alumni]] [[Category:Ghana School of Law alumni]] [[Category:University of Cape Coast alumni]] [[Category:Ghanaian diplomats]] [[Category:People from Western Region (Ghana)]] [[Category:Ghanaian educators]] [[Category:Ghanaian Roman Catholics]] 8vf7h1yeee8kpjp17xvgfqpq1rbdz0w 0 39284 827897 580551 2026-04-30T04:50:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:KEN OHENE AGYAPONG.jpg|thumb|Kennedy Agyapong]] '''Kennedy Ohene Agyapong''' (an haife shi a watan Yuni 16, 1960) ɗan siyasan [[Ghana]] ne kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda ke wakiltar Assin ta tsakiya a majalisar New Patriotic Party.<ref>{{Cite web|title=I don't fear for my life, 'all die be die' – Kennedy Agyapong – MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/composition/top-story/i-dont-fear-for-my-life-all-die-be-die-kennedy-agyapong/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-26}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=No time for demonstration again; our gods will deal with you - Assin youth tells politicians - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/no-time-for-demonstration-again-our-gods-will-deal-with-you-assin-youth-tells-politicians/|access-date=2021-05-19|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> An fara zaɓen shi a matsayin ɗan majalisa a shekara ta 2000 zuwa kujerar Assin ta Arewa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/g/ghana/ghana20003.txt|title=REPUBLIC OF GHANA - LEGISLATIVE ELECTION OF 7 DECEMBER 2000|work=Adam Carr's Election Archives|accessdate=2010-08-28|publisher=Adam Carr}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da rike kujerarsa a zabukan 2004<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ec.gov.gh/userfiles/file/2004ParliamentaryDetResults.pdf|title=Electoral Commission of Ghana - Parliamentary Election Results - Date of Election:- Tuesday, 7th December 2004|accessdate=2010-08-28|publisher=[[Electoral Commission of Ghana]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112175254/http://www.ec.gov.gh/userfiles/file/2004ParliamentaryDetResults.pdf|archivedate=2011-01-12}}</ref> da 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ec.gov.gh/userfiles/Central.pdf|title=Electoral Commission of Ghana - Parliamentary Election Results - Date of Election:- Sunday, 7th December 2008|accessdate=2010-08-28|publisher=[[Electoral Commission of Ghana]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326210858/http://www.ec.gov.gh/userfiles/Central.pdf|archivedate=2010-03-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2012 an zaɓe shi a sabuwar kujerar Assin ta tsakiya kuma an sake zaɓen sa a shekarar 2016. Ya kuma ci gaba da rike kujerarsa a babban zaɓen 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Assin Central: Kennedy Agyapong retains seat, gets sixth term as MP|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/assin-central-kennedy-agyapong-retains-seat-gets-sixth-term-as-mp.html|access-date=2020-12-08|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban kwamitin tsaro da harkokin cikin gida na majalisar. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ohene Agyapong ranar 16 ga watan Yunin 1960 kuma ya fito daga Assin Dompim a yankin tsakiyar kasar Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=34|access-date=2022-11-24|website=www.parliament.gh|archive-date=2022-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001174403/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=34|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya yi karatunsa na sakandare a Kwalejin Adisadel da ke yankin Tsakiya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2529|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Agyapong Ohene Ken|website=www.ghanamps.com|access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref> Agyapong yana da matakin GCE A kuma ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Fordham, New York, Amurka.<ref name=":0" /> Shi manomi ne kuma ɗan kasuwa, darektan Assin Farms, Supercare Group of Companies da Cibiyar Siyayya ta Hollywood.<ref name=":0" /> Yana da aure da ‘ya’ya 22.<ref name=":0" /> == Siyasa == Kennedy Agyapong har yanzu yana daya daga cikin 'yan siyasar da ba su taba fadi zabe ba. Aikinsa na hankali a zaben 2016 ya haifar da nasarar Nana Addo Dankwah Akufo-Addo. Ya kuma bayar da gudunmawa sosai wajen samun nasarar mafi yawan 'yan takarar majalisar dokokin NPP- irin su K.T Hammond da sauran su. Kennedy Agyapong shi ne shugaban kwamitin sadarwa a majalisar, karkashin shugabancin Nana Akufo-Addo. Agyapong ya sha alwashin<ref>{{cite web|url=https://classfmonline.com/1.10910325|title=I'll drink poison if Ibrahim Mahama isn't jailed: Agyapong|first=Patrick|last=Ayumu|website=www.classfmonline.com|accessdate=17 January 2019|archive-date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119174253/https://www.classfmonline.com/1.10910325|url-status=dead}}</ref> kashe kansa idan har gwamnatin [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Akufo-Addo]] ba ta daure dan uwan ​​tsohon shugaban kasa John Mahama Ibrahim a gidan yari saboda wasu ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa da a cewar Agyapong ya janyo jihar ta yi asarar kudade. Misali daya da ya yi ikirarin, shi ne rashin biyan haraji da Ibrahim Mahama ya yi sama da shekara guda a lokacin da dan uwansa ke shugaban kasar Ghana. Kamfen na sirri na Agyapong kan batun don gabatar da shi ga manema labarai ya kai ga binciken Ibrahim Mahama da kuma yarjejeniyar [[Ibrahim Mahama (ɗan kasuwa)|Ibrahim Mahama]] na biyan harajin da aka ambata. Wannan aikin ya sami yabo Kennedy Agyapong daga sassa daban-daban na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-will-poison-myself-if-Ibrahim-Mahama-is-not-jailed-Ken-Agyapong-523675|title=I will poison myself if Ibrahim Mahama is not jailed – Ken Agyapong|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2017-08-06|archive-date=2017-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806222246/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/I-will-poison-myself-if-Ibrahim-Mahama-is-not-jailed-Ken-Agyapong-523675|url-status=dead}}</ref> Harin kai tsaye da Agyapong ya kai kan kwamishiniyar zabe ta Ghana, [[Charlotte Osei]], da laifin yin lalata da ita a matsayinta na shugabar hukumar zabe, ya jawo masa suka daga shugabanni daban-daban da suka hada da matan Sarauniya da masu rajin kare hakkin bil'adama da kuma wasu 'yan majalisar dokoki.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghanapoliticsonline.com/queen-mothers-petition-parliament-over-ken-agyapong/|title=Queen mothers petition parliament over Ken Agyapong - GhanaPoliticsOnline|website=ghanapoliticsonline.com|date=11 July 2016|language=en-US|access-date=2017-08-06|archive-date=2023-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329221645/https://ghanapoliticsonline.com/queen-mothers-petition-parliament-over-ken-agyapong/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, bayan kama shugaban hukumar kwallon kafar Ghana, Kwasi Nyantakyi, ya ce ya kamata a dakatar da dan jaridar nan mai yaki da cin hanci da rashawa Anas Aremeyaw Anas kafin ya fara binciken mutane a cikin "dakunansu suna barci".<ref>{{cite news|title=Let's stop Anas before he gets into our bedrooms - Kennedy Agyapong pleads|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Let-s-stop-Anas-before-he-gets-into-our-bedrooms-Kennedy-Agyapong-pleads-655231|accessdate=28 May 2018|work=GhanaWeb|date=27 May 2018|archive-date=27 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527212117/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Let-s-stop-Anas-before-he-gets-into-our-bedrooms-Kennedy-Agyapong-pleads-655231|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya sha yi wa Anas barazana kuma kwamitin kare hakkin ‘yan jarida<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cpj.org/2018/06/ghana-investigative-film-crew-faces-death-threats.php|title=In Ghana, investigative film crew faces death threats, harassment|first1=Committee to Protect Journalists 330 7th|last1=Avenue|first2=11th Floor New|last2=York|last3=Ny 10001|website=cpj.org|date=4 June 2018|accessdate=17 January 2019}}</ref> da kuma Reporters Without Borders<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsf.org/en/news/death-threats-against-well-known-ghanaian-investigative-journalist|title=Death threats against well-known Ghanaian investigative journalist - Reporters without borders|date=6 June 2018|website=RSF|accessdate=17 January 2019}}</ref> ya yi Allah wadai da shi inda ya bayyana cewa hanyoyin da Anas ke bi ba su dace ba. Da yake magana kai tsaye a gidan rediyon Adom FM a ranar 4 ga watan Yuni 2018, ya kira Anas “mai katsalandan ne, mai karbar kudi”, ya kwaikwayi an yanke masa makogwaro ya ce a rataye shi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgwhtw5LFoo|title=Full Interview of Kennedy Agyapong on Anas on Adom FM|last=joe Quaye|publisher=|accessdate=17 January 2019|via=YouTube}}</ref> Ya kuma yi kira da a dauki fansa kan abokin aikin Anas, Ahmed Hussein-Suale, yana mai cewa "Idan ya zo nan ku doke shi... Duk abin da ya faru, zan biya." Daga baya aka kashe Hussein-Suale.<ref name="BBC-46902748">{{cite news|title=Football bribes investigator shot dead|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-46902748|accessdate=17 January 2019|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=17 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="YCSM">{{cite web|title=You can't silence me - Anas reacts to the killing of his partner at Madina|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/You-can-t-silence-me-Anas-reacts-to-the-killing-of-his-partner-at-Madina-715823|website=www.ghanaweb.com|date=17 January 2019|accessdate=17 January 2019|language=en}}</ref> A cikin Yuli 2018, an yi masa tambayoyi game da raina Majalisa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2018/June-26th/kennedy-agyapongs-useless-parliament-contempt-hearing-set-for-july-3.php|title=Kennedy Agyapong's 'useless parliament' contempt hearing set for July 3|website=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=17 January 2019}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ana kyautata zaton shi ne dan Ghana na farko da ya mallaki Rolls Royce ¢ miliyan 8,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Kennedy-Agyapong-buys-8bn-Rolls-Royce-183477|title=Kennedy Agyapong buys ¢8bn Rolls Royce|website=www.ghanaweb.com|date=30 November 2001|language=en|access-date=2017-08-06}}</ref> kuma ana kyautata zaton yana da wani jirgin sama mai zaman kansa, lamarin da ya janyo kiraye-kirayen da hukumar hana fasa kwauri ta Kwastam ta gudanar da bincike kan dukiyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghanavibes.com/photos-of-kennedy-agyapongs-rolls-royce-and-rumoured-private-jet/|title=Photos Of Kennedy Agyapong's Rolls Royce And 'Rumoured' Private jet|website=ghanavibes.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-08-06|archive-date=2017-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806223322/http://ghanavibes.com/photos-of-kennedy-agyapongs-rolls-royce-and-rumoured-private-jet/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Kwamitoci === Shi ne shugaban kwamitin tsaro da na cikin gida; kuma memba ne a kwamitin shari'a sannan kuma memba na kwamitin kasafin kudi na musamman.<ref name=":1" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Shi Kirista ne.<ref name=":1" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1960]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] q76zb4xmcdipvatdiiozgox50w4h3x0 0 39285 827753 491246 2026-04-29T17:12:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Jon Santacana Cropped.jpg|thumb|hoton santacana]] '''Jon Santacana Maiztegui''' (an haife shi a ranar 1ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 1980) ɗan wasan ''B2 classified'' ne na wasan zamiya na naƙasassu na para-alpine dan kasar Sifaniya. Mai jagorancinsa wajen wasan ski na makafi shine Miguel Galindo Garces. Santacana ya fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta IPC Alpine Skiing, a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai da na IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup, da kuma gasar kasar Spain. Ya wakilci Spain a wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na shekarar 2002, na nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na shekarar 2006 da na nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na shekarar 2010, inda ya sami lambar zinare da lambobin azurfa biyu a wasannin na shekarar 2010. == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Santacana a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba a shekara ta, 1980 a San Sebestian, Guipúzcoa,<ref name="paralympicsspain">{{cite web|url=http://www.paralimpicos.es/publicacion/buscador/datosbiografia.asp?idatleta=16075871K|title=Página Oficial del Comité Paralímpico Español|publisher=Paralimpicos.es|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064119/http://www.paralimpicos.es/publicacion/buscador/datosbiografia.asp?idatleta=16075871K|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> a yankin Basque na Spain.<ref name="frommallorda">{{cite web|author=Diario de Mallorca|url=http://www.diariodemallorca.es/deportes/2010/03/02/ursula-pueyo-aspira-top-ten-gigante-o-eslalon/549707.html|title=Ursula Pueyo aspira al 'top ten' en gigante o eslalon – Diario de Mallorca|publisher=Diariodemallorca.es|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|trans-title=Ursula Pueyo aspires to 'top ten' in giant or slalom}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta, 2012, yana zaune a Getxo, Vizcaya, Spain kuma dalibi ne na INEF.<ref name="paralympicsspain" /> Santacana yana da matsalar hangen nesa,<ref>{{cite news|title=Canberra Times: SCORECARD|newspaper=The Canberra Times|location=Canberra, Australia|date=18 March 2010|accessdate=18 January 2013|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AUNB:ATMB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12E83CA2C70BF868&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=1053B823C33F21F9}}</ref> wanda shine sakamakon matsalar kwayoyin halitta da ta bayyana kanta a lokacin yana dan shekara takwas.<ref name="paralympicsspain" /> == Gudun kankara == Santacana skier ne mai rauni na gani na B2.<ref name="paralympicsspain" /> Miguel Galindo Garces ne jagoransa.<ref name="madethepoium">{{cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2010/01/15/solidaridad/1263577174.html|title=España consigue siete medallas en la Copa del Mundo de Esquí Alpino &#124; Solidaridad|publisher=elmundo.es|date=17 January 2010|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Santacana ya sami lambar zinare a Switzerland wanda ya karbi bakuncin gasar shekara ta, 2000 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championship.<ref name="madethepoium" /> A shekara ta 2005, yayin da yake yin gudun hijira a La Molina, Spain, ya faɗi ya ji wa kansa rauni sosai kuma ya kasa yin gudun hijira har sai da kusan farkon wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na shekarar, 2006.<ref name="missedksiing">{{cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/01/12/solidaridad/1231776700.html|title=Comienza la Copa del Mundo de Esquí Alpino &#124; Solidaridad|publisher=elmundo.es|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> [[File:Jon Santacana 9.JPG|thumb|Jon Santacana Maiztegui]] Santacana ya sami lam bar zinare don gaba ɗaya kakar shekara ta, 2006 zuwa 2007 na gasar cin kofin Turai.<ref name="madethepoium" /> Ya gama gasar cin kofin duniya na shekarar, 2006 zuwa 2007 IPC Alpine Skiing a matsayi na biyu.<ref name="missedksiing" /> A zagayen karshe na gasar cin kofin Turai a watan Maris na shekarar, 2008, wani taron da aka gudanar a La Molina, yana daya daga cikin 'yan wasan gudun hijira na Spain da suka fafata.<ref name="oneofseveral">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/4816/Final-del-campeonato-de-Europa-en-La-Molina/|title=Final del campeonato de Europa en La Molina – Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|date=27 March 2008|accessdate=27 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ya kammala gasar cin kofin Turai na shekarar, 2007 zuwa 2008 a matsayi na biyu bayan abubuwan gwaji guda biyar. Galindo shine jagoransa na kakar wasa.<ref name="europeanseason">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/5011/Jon-Santacana-Subcampeon-de-Europa/|title=Jon Santacana Subcampeón de Europa – Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ya kammala gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarar, 2007 zuwa 2008 a matsayi na uku.<ref name="eighthcup">{{cite web|url=http://www.cocemfe.es/noticias/vernoticia.php?id=5241|title=Comienza la Copa del Mundo de Esquí Alpino para Personas con Discapacidad en la estación catalana de La Molina|publisher=Cocemfe.es|date=13 January 2009|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321125609/http://www.cocemfe.es/noticias/vernoticia.php?id=5241|archive-date=21 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> A karshen gasar cin kofin duniya na farko a kakar shekara ta, 2008 zuwa 2009, ya zauna a matsayi na farko a gasar cin kofin duniya.<ref name="firstracecup">{{cite web|url=http://ecodiario.eleconomista.es/interstitial/volver/acierto/sociedad/noticias/972880/01/09/Deportes-jon-santacana-y-anna-cohi-lideran-la-copa-del-mundo-de-esqui-alpino-para-discapacitados.html|title=Deportes. jon santacana y anna cohí lideran la copa del mundo de esquí alpino para discapacitados – EcoDiario.es|publisher=Ecodiario.eleconomista.es|date=15 January 2009|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|archive-date=4 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204091224/http://ecodiario.eleconomista.es/interstitial/volver/acierto/sociedad/noticias/972880/01/09/Deportes-jon-santacana-y-anna-cohi-lideran-la-copa-del-mundo-de-esqui-alpino-para-discapacitados.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wannan ne karo na takwas da ya buga wasan gasar cin kofin duniya.<ref name="eighthcup" /> Ya sami lambar zinare da lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarar, 2009 a Koriya ta Kudu.<ref name="madethepoium" /><ref name="southkorea">{{cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/03/02/solidaridad/1236014503.html|title=España, novena en el medallero del Mundial de esquí alpino &#124; Solidaridad|publisher=elmundo.es|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref><ref name="earnedgold">{{cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/02/23/solidaridad/1235395750.html|title=Santacana gana su primer oro en la supercombinada &#124; Solidaridad|publisher=elmundo.es|date=23 February 2009|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Zinarensa na farko ya zo a gasar Super Combined.<ref name="earnedgold" /> Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa shida da jagorori huɗu waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Mutanen Espanya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya.<ref name="teamsize">{{cite web|url=http://www.elconfidencial.com/cache/2009/02/28/39_medalla_plata_bronce_balance_equipo_espanol.html|title=Una medalla de oro, dos de plata y un bronce, balance del equipo español|publisher=elConfidencial.com|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na shekarar, 2010 Alpine Skiing for Disabled a Abtenau, Austria, Santacana da jagoransa sun sami tagulla a cikin katafaren taron slalom bayan gudu na farko da suka yi a matsayi na biyar da na biyu inda suka zo na biyu.<ref name="madethepoium" /> Bai samu damar shiga gasar Super Combined ba saboda an soke shi.<ref name="eventcanceld">{{cite web|url=http://www.as.com/mas-deporte/articulo/espana-acaba-medallas-copa-mundo/20100115dasdasmas_5/Tes|title=España acaba con siete medallas la Copa del Mundo Paralímpica – Más deporte &#124; Esquí alpino|publisher=AS.com|date=15 January 2010|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Sannan ya fafata a zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai a watan Janairu a La Molina.<ref name="competedlasmolina">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/7220/La-Molina-acoge-el-campeonato-de-Europa-de-esqui-para-discapacitados/|title=La Molina acoge el campeonato de Europa de esquí para discapacitados – Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ya kare na biyar a taron slalom.<ref name="wongoldmolina">{{cite web|url=http://www.solidaridaddigital.es/SolidaridadDigital/Noticias/Deportes/DetalleNoticia.aspx?id=7676|title=Solidaridad Digital – El equipo español acaba con doce medallas en la Copa de Europa de Esquí Alpino de La Molina|publisher=Solidaridaddigital.es|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216012256/http://www.solidaridaddigital.es/SolidaridadDigital/Noticias/Deportes/DetalleNoticia.aspx?id=7676|archivedate=16 December 2013}}</ref> A taron karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya na shekarar, 2009 zuwa 2010, wani taron da aka gudanar a watan Maris a shekara ta, 2010 a Aspen, Colorado, ya sami lambar zinare a wani taron tare da jagoran Galindo. Wannan shi ne babban taron na ƙarshe kafin Wasannin shekarar, 2010.<ref name="colordao">{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2010/03/09/mas_deportes/jjoo_invierno/jjpp_invierno/1268170563.html|title=Santacana se cuelga el oro en descenso en la final de la Copa del Mundo|publisher=MARCA.com|accessdate=18 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref><ref name="aspencolorado">{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2010/03/05/mas_deportes/nieve/1267787911.html?a=PR8335d90d553b3d1dffe2a7755ba8c6122&t=1358786017|title=La española Anna Cohí, campeona de la súper combinada|publisher=MARCA.com|date=5 March 2010|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ya kuma sami lambar tagulla a gasar Giant Slalom, yayin da ya kare na shida a cikin Super Combined. Ya zo gasar cin kofin duniya na Aspen tare da maki 625 na gasar cin kofin duniya.<ref name="worldrankingdown">{{cite web|author=Noticias EFE|url=http://www.hoy.es/agencias/20100301/deportes/mas-deportes/santacana-cohi-boira-gorce-representantes_201003011909.html|title=Santacana, Cohí, Boira y Gorce representantes españoles en Aspen.|publisher=Hoy.es|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> [[File:GS Jon Santacana 2.JPG|thumb|Jon Santacana Maiztegui]] Santacana ya halarci gasa ta watan Afrilu a shekara ta, 2010 Vancouver wanda Federación Española de Deportes de Personas con Discapacidad Física (FEDDF), Federación Española de Deportes para Paralíticos Cerebrales (FEDPC) da Federación Española Deportes para Ciegos (FEDC) suka shirya.<ref name="vancouverhosted">{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldo.es/noticias/huesca/santacana_cohi_triunfan_cerler.html|title=Santacana y Cohí triunfan en Cerler|publisher=Heraldo.es|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|archive-date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120008/http://www.heraldo.es/noticias/huesca/santacana_cohi_triunfan_cerler.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="morepostvacouver">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/8301/Santacana-Cohi-y-Pueyo-campeones-de-Espana/|title=Santacana, Cohí y Pueyo, campeones de España – Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ya fafata a gasar tseren kankara na watan Nuwamba a shekara ta, 2010 a Landgraaf, Netherlands inda ya sami lambar zinare a gasar kasa da kasa.<ref name="compteted">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/9033/Gran-comienzo-espanol-en-Landgraaf/|title=Gran comienzo español en Landgraaf – Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> A gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko a kakar wasa ta shekarar, 2010 zuwa 2011, wadda aka gudanar a birnin Arta Terme na kasar Italiya, Santacana da Galindo sun kare a matsayi na biyu a farkon wasanni hudu da aka gudanar.<ref name="fnishieffifth">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/9216/Santacana-segundo-en-la-copa-del-mundo-de-esqui-adaptado/|title=Santacana segundo en la copa del mundo de esquí adaptado – Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|date=8 January 2011|accessdate=27 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> A gasar cin kofin duniya na shekarar, 2011 da aka gudanar a Sestriere, Italiya, ya zo na daya a gasar Super-G.<ref name="2011worldchamps">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/9275/Espectacular-actuacion-espanola-en-el-mundial-de-esqui-adaptado-de-Sestriere/|title=Espectacular actuación española en el mundial de esquí adaptado de Sestriere – Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|date=18 January 2011|accessdate=27 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ya halarci wasan a shekara ta, 2012 Campeonatos de España de Esquí da aka gudanar a Valle de Arán, inda aka fafata a gasar Slalom, Giant Slalom da Super G. Ya lashe zinari a cikin dukkan abubuwan guda uku.<ref name="estrodxt">{{cite web|url=http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=290&codeID=5058|title=El Equipo de Competición de Esquí alpino adaptado de la Fundación También finaliza su actuación en territorio nacional con el Campeonato de España – Esquí – Esto es DxT|publisher=Estoesdxt.es|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|archive-date=10 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210182900/http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=290&codeID=5058|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kusa da ƙarshen lokacin ski na shekarar, 2011 zuwa 2012, ya halarci gasar cin kofin duniya a Italiya inda ya gama na farko a gasar slalom mai girma a cikin ƙungiyar masu fama da hangen nesa.<ref name="late2012worldcup">{{cite web|author=Global Mirrorcomm – Desojo Luciano|url=http://www.libertadbalear.com/?p=242481|title=Libertad Balear. El diario digital de Baleares " Jon Santacana se adjudica el oro en el eslalon gigante del Mundial para discapacitados|publisher=Libertad Balear|date=3 May 2012|accessdate=27 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}{{dead link|date=April 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> A cikin watan Satumba na shekarar, 2012, ya yage Achilles tendon.<ref name="carriedflag">{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/11/11/mas_deportes/paralimpicos/1384168759.html|title=Los 11 de la ONCE|publisher=MARCA.com|date=11 November 2013|accessdate=21 November 2013|language=es}}</ref> A watan Janairun shekara ta, 2013 gasar cin kofin duniya da aka yi a Switzerland, inda ya yi gudun hijira tare da Galindo, ya samu lambar zinare a babbar gasar slalom. Duk da yake bai samu lambar yabo ba a wasu abubuwan da suka faru a gasar, ya ci gaba da rike matsayinsa a saman shugaban hukumar gasar cin kofin duniya na kakar wasa.<ref name="somethingyes">{{cite web|url=http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=290&codeID=7099|title=Jon Santacana se hace con dos nuevos triunfos en la Copa del Mundo de Esquí Alpino Paralímpico – Esquí – Esto es DxT|publisher=Estoesdxt.es|date=16 January 2013|accessdate=9 February 2013|language=es|location=Spain|archive-date=9 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309145610/http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=290&codeID=7099|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya lashe lambobin zinare uku a gasar IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.<ref name="sonnoyed">{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/02/26/mas_deportes/nieve/1361906179.html|title=Tercer oro mundial de Santacana y Galindo en La Molina|publisher=MARCA.com|accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="2013 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships">{{cite web|url=http://www.paralympic.org/Events/LaMolina2013/LiveResults|title=La Molina 2013 – Live Results|publisher=[[International Paralympic Committee]]|accessdate=11 March 2013}}</ref> A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta shekarar, 2017 Santacana ta lashe lambobin azurfa biyu a cikin tudu,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/static/info/resIPC/pdf/AS1O17/AS/AS1O17_AS_C73A_ASM111101.pdf|title=2017 World Para Alpine Skiing Championships Men's downhill visually impaired|date=25 January 2017}}</ref> da slalom,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/static/info/resIPC/pdf/AS1O17/AS/AS1O17_AS_C73C_ASM211102.pdf|title=2017 World Para Alpine Skiing Championships Men's slalom visually impaired|date=31 January 2017}}</ref> lambar tagulla a cikin giant slalom,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/static/info/resIPC/pdf/AS1O17/AS/AS1O17_AS_C73C_ASM311102.pdf|title=2017 World Para Alpine Skiing Championships Men's giant slalom visually impaired|date=30 January 2017}}</ref> da kamun kifi na huɗu a cikin babban haɗe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/static/info/resIPC/pdf/AS1O17/AS/AS1O17_AS_C73C_ASM511102.pdf|title=2017 World Para Alpine Skiing Championships Men's super combined visually impaired|date=28 January 2017}}</ref> === Paralympics === Santacana ya sami lambar zinare da tagulla biyu a wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na shekarar, 2002.<ref name="madethepoium" /><ref name="missingleg">{{cite web|url=http://www.as.com/mas-deporte/articulo/juegos-olimpicos-invierno-competiciones-deportivas/20100302dasdaimas_4/Tes|title=Lissavetzky admite que España "no evoluciona" – Vancouver 2010 &#124; Juegos Olímpicos de invierno|publisher=AS.com|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> A cikin watan Nuwamba shekara ta, 2009, Santacana ya halarci wani taron a Madrid wanda Shirin Babban Ayyuka na Paralympic (Shirin ARPA) ya shirya a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen Wasannin Vancouver.<ref name="inadvancevancouver">{{cite web|url=http://www.solidaridaddigital.es/SolidaridadDigital/Noticias/Deportes/DetalleNoticia.aspx?id=6932|title=Solidaridad Digital – Los esquiadores paralímpicos se concentran en Madrid con la mirada puesta en Vancouver 2010|publisher=Solidaridaddigital.es|date=10 November 2009|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216012222/http://www.solidaridaddigital.es/SolidaridadDigital/Noticias/Deportes/DetalleNoticia.aspx?id=6932|archivedate=16 December 2013}}</ref> Kafin ya tashi zuwa Vancouver, ya halarci bikin tashi wanda Sakataren Jiha na Wasanni Jaime Lissavetzky, babban sakatare na manufofin zamantakewa Francisco Moza, shugaban kwamitin wasannin nakasassu na Spain Miguel Carballeda, da kuma manajan daraktan kwamitin wasannin nakasassu na Spain Alberto Jofre suka halarta.<ref name="frommallorda" /> Dukan tawagar Spain sun isa Whistler gabanin wasannin shekarar, 2010 nan da 7 ga watan Fabrairu.<ref name="arrivedgames">{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2010/03/09/mas_deportes/jjoo_invierno/jjpp_invierno/1268169740.html|title=El equipo paralímpico español ya se encuentra en Whistler|publisher=MARCA.com|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> [[File:Jon Santacana 6.JPG|thumb|Jon Santacana Maiztegui]] Jagoransa don wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 shine Galindo.<ref name="apc1">{{cite web|url=http://vancouver2010.paralympic.org.au/news/bunting-will-fight.html|archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20100427060100/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/119442/20100427-1601/vancouver2010.paralympic.org.au/news/bunting-will-fight.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 April 2010|title=Australian Web Archive|publisher=National Library of Australia|author=Australian Paralympic Committee|date=23 August 2006|accessdate=18 January 2013|location=Australia}}</ref> Fog a Vancouver ya haifar da canji a cikin jadawalin abubuwan da ya faru na ski.<ref name="catalan">{{cite web|url=http://www.terra.com/deportes/articulo/html/fox1292602.htm|title=Comite de Competicion modifica calendario de esqui alpino por el mal tiempo|publisher=terra|date=14 March 2010|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun sami lambar zinare a gasar hangen nesa ta maza.<ref name="apc1" /> Kambun zinare da ya samu shi ne zinare na farko da dan kasar Spain ya ci a gasar.<ref name="firstgld">{{cite web|url=http://www.diariodelaltoaragon.es/NoticiasDetalle.aspx?Id=620593|title=Santacana logra el oro en Descenso|publisher=Diariodelaltoaragon.es|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Shiga Vancouver, ya kasance a matsayi na biyu a duniya a cikin ƙasa.<ref name="worldrankingdown" /> Ya kasance na biyu a cikin gudu na farko da na biyu na hangen nesa na maza wanda ya raunana Giant Slalom taron.<ref name="newsbank4">{{cite news|accessdate=18 January 2013|title=THE SCORE|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|location=Australia|date=18 March 2010|page=17|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AUNB:SMHB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12E83CA2C70BF868&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=1053B823C33F21F9}}</ref> Ya kare a matsayi na biyar a babban taron da aka yi a Wasanni.<ref name="fifthsupergiant">{{cite web|url=http://www.as.com/mas-deporte/articulo/santacana-queda-pasos-lograr-cuarta/20100319dasdasmas_4/Tes|title=Santacana se queda a dos pasos de lograr la cuarta medalla para España – Paralímpicos &#124; VANCOUVER 2010|publisher=AS.com|date=19 March 2010|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ya kammala wasannin na shekarar, 2010 da lambar zinare daya da lambobin azurfa biyu.<ref name="finisehdgames">{{cite web|author=Global Mirrorcomm – Desojo Luciano|url=http://www.libertadbalear.com/?p=210250|title=Libertad Balear. El diario digital de Baleares " Jon Santacana se proclama campeĂłn paralĂmpico en descenso|publisher=Libertadbalear.com|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827101337/http://www.libertadbalear.com/?p=210250|archivedate=27 August 2016}}</ref> Bayan wasannin, tawagar 'yan wasan nakasassu ta Spain sun halarci bikin maraba da dawowa gidauniyar ONCE wadda ita ma Infanta Elena, Duchess na Lugo ya halarta.<ref name="infantatadona">{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2010/03/25/mas_deportes/jjoo_invierno/jjpp_invierno/1269544451.html|title=La infanta Elena al Equipo Paralímpico Español: "Gracias por vuestro afán de superación"|publisher=MARCA.com|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Wasanni !Gwaji !Wuri !Gudu !Lokaci !Kwanan wata |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Downhill | |End |1:18.23 |18 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Slalom | |2nd run |1:46.91 |14 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Slalom |1 |1st Round |0:49.88 Q |14 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Giant Slalom | |2nd run |2:42.20 |16 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Giant Slalom |2 |1st Round |1:19.77 Q |16 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Super Combined | |2nd run |DNF |20 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Super Combined |3 |1st Round |1:24.87 Q |20 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Super Giant |5 |End |1:23.21 |19 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2006 |Slalom |7 |2nd run |1:31.52 |19 Maris 2006 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2006 |Slalom |9 |1st Round |49.03Q |19 Maris 2006 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2006 |Giant Slalom | |1st Round |DNS |17 Maris 2006 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2002 |Downhill | |End |1:21.57 |9 Maris 2002 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2002 |Slalom | |1st Round |DNF |16 Maris 2002 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2002 |Giant Slalom | |2nd run |1:05.07 |14 Maris 2002 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2002 |Giant Slalom | |1st Round |1:03.26 Q |14 Maris 2002 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2002 |Super Giant | |End |1:11.22 |11 Maris 2002 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] g1g75r6pame2glcseb0b7rwd0j6hfll 2 39898 827781 196035 2026-04-29T18:25:49Z James500 20342 Remove template 827781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User page}} {{Babel|en}} [[en:User:James500]] 3fnki73r2oax93bkxvnd5wcqa6b1tlf 0 40997 827722 793413 2026-04-29T12:19:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Tehran Conference, 1943.jpg|thumb]] Wannan '''jerin yaƙe-yaƙe ne da adadin waɗanda suka mutu''' ya haɗa da duk mace-macen da suka faru a wajen yaƙe-yaƙe kai tsaye ko kuwa a fakaice. Waɗannan mace-mace yawanci sun haɗa da mutuwar jami'an sojoji waɗanda suka mutu sakamakon yaƙi kai tsaye ko wasu harkokin yaƙair soja, sannan da kuma mutuwar sojoji a sakamakon annoban da yaƙi ya haifar, yunwa, kisan-kiyashi, kisan kare dangi, da dai sauransu. == Kafin-zamaninmu na yau (kafin shekarar 1500 miladiya) == === Yaƙe-yaƙe na dā (kafin 500 AD) === {| class="sortable wikitable" style="width:100%;" |- style="background:#CCCC;" ! width=170pt| Ya'''ƙ'''i ! data-sort-type="number" |Jerin mutuwa ! data-sort-type="isoDate" width=95pt|Kwanan wata !Maya'''ƙ'''a !Wuri ! class="unsortable" |Bayanai |- |[[Cyrus the Great|Conquests of Cyrus the Great]] |100,000+ |549 BC–530 BC |Daular Faransa da dumbin kasashe |Gabas ta Tsakiya |Adadin wadanda marubuta sukace sun mutu a wannan yake bai hada da mace-macen farar hula ba, asalin adadin zai iya fin haka. |- |[[Greco-Persian Wars|Greco–Persian Wars]] |300,000+ |499 BC–449 BC |Babban Birnin Girka da Daular Faransa |Greece | |- |[[Samnite Wars]] |33,500+ |343 BC–290 BC |Jimhoriyar Roma da kuma Samnatawa |Italiya |Adadin wadanda marubutan kasar Roma sukace sun mutu a wannan yake bai hada da mace-macen farar hula ba, asalin adadin zai iya fin haka. |- |[[Wars of Alexander the Great]] |142,000+ |336 BC–323 BC |Daular Macedoniya da Sauran Kasashen Girka don yakar Daular Faransa da wasu kasashe |Gabas ta Tsakiya / Arewacin Afirka / Tsakiyar Asiya / Indiya |Adadin wadanda marubutan kasar Girka rubuta sun mutu a wannan yaki bai hada da mace-macen farar hula ba, asalin adadin zai iya fin haka. |- |[[Punic Wars]] |1,250,000–1,850,000 |264 BC–146 BC |Jimhoriyar Roma vs. Daular Carthaginiya |Yammacin Turai / Arewacin Afirka | |- |[[First Punic War]] |400,000+ |264 BC–241 BC |Jimhoriyar Roma vs. Daular Carthaginiya |Kudancin Turai / Arewacin Afirka |– Daga cikin sashin yakin [[Punic Wars]] |- |[[Second Punic War]] |770,000+ |218 BC–201 BC |Jimhoriyar Roma vs. Daular Carthaginiya |Yammacin Turai / Arewacin Afirka |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/romestat.htm#2Punic|title=Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref> – Daga cikin sashin yakin [[Punic Wars]] |- |[[Third Punic War]] |150,000–250,000 |149 BC–146 BC |Jimhoriyar Roma vs. Daular Carthaginiya |Tunisiya |– Daga cikin sashin yakin [[Punic Wars]] |- |[[Kalinga War]] |150,000–200,000 |262 BC–261 BC |Daular Maurya vs. Kasar Kalinga |Indiya | |- |[[Qin's wars of unification|Qin's Wars of Unification]] |700,000+{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} |230 BC–221 BC |Jihohin Qin vs. Jihohin Han, Zhao, Yan, Wei, Chu, Qi |China |– Daga cikin [[Warring States period|lokacin gargadin Jihohi]] |- |[[Cimbrian War]] |410,000–650,000 |113 BC–101 BC |Jimhoriyar Roma vs. Cimbri da Teutones |Yammacin Turai |–Daga cikin Yakunan Jamus |- |[[Gallic Wars]] |1,000,000+ |58 BC–50 BC |Jimhoriyar Roma vs. kabilun Gallic |Faransa | |- |[[Boudican Revolt|Iceni Revolt]] |150,000+<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/romestat.htm|title=Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era|website=users.erols.com}}</ref> |60–61 |Jimhoriyar Roma vs. kabilun Gallic |Ingila |Babu tabbacin shekaru – daga cikin yakunan[[Roman conquest of Britain|Mamayewar Burtaniya na Kasar Roma]] |- |[[Jewish–Roman wars|Jewish–Roman Wars]] |1,270,000–2,000,000<ref name="The Jewish Roman Wars">{{Cite web|title=The Jewish Roman Wars|url=http://www.jewishwikipedia.info/romanwars.html|access-date=2020-07-28|website=www.jewishwikipedia.info}}</ref> |66–136 |Daular Roma vs. Yahudawa |Gabas ta Tsakiya/Arewacin Afirka |Deaths caused by Roman attempt to permanently root out Judaism included. |- |[[First Jewish–Roman War]] |250,000–1,100,000<ref name="The Jewish Roman Wars"/> |66–73 |Daular Roma vs. Yahudawa |Gabas ta Tsakiya |– Daga cikin [[Jewish–Roman wars|yakuna Yahudawa da Rumawa]] |- |[[Kitos War]] |440,000+ |115–117 |Daular Roma vs. Yahudawa |Kudancin Turai / Arewacin Afirka |– Wanda kuma akafi sanida Yakin Yahudawa da Rumawa na Biyu <br /> – Daga cikin [[Jewish–Roman wars|yakuna Yahudawa da Rumawa]] |- |[[Bar Kokhba revolt|Bar Kokhba Revolt]] |580,000 |132–136 |Daular Roma vs. Yahudawa |Gabas ta Tsakiya |– Wanda kuma akafi sanida Yakin Yahudawa da Rumawa na Uku <br /> – Daga cikin [[Jewish–Roman wars|yakuna Yahudawa da Rumawa]] |- |[[Three Kingdoms|Three Kingdoms War]] |36,000,000–40,000,000 |184–280 |Wei vs. Shu vs. Wu |China |<ref name="Robert B. Marks">{{cite book|title=China: Its Environment and History (World Social Change)|author=Robert B. Marks|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|year=2011|isbn=978-1442212756}}</ref><ref name="Graziella Caselli">{{cite book|title=Demography – Analysis and Synthesis: A Treatise in Population|author=Graziella Caselli|publisher=Academic Press|year=2005|isbn=012765660X}}</ref> – A ilimance, wannan lokacin na yakin masarautu uku na nufin lokacin kirkirar jihar Wei a 220 da kuma mamaye yankin Wu da Masarautar Jin sukayi a 280. |- |[[Yellow Turban Rebellion]] |3,000,000–7,000,000 |184–205 |Peasants da Gabashin Han China |China |– Daga cikin yakin [[Three Kingdoms|Three Kingdoms War]] |- |[[Sixteen Kingdoms|Wars of the Sixteen Kingdoms]] |150,000+<br />{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} |304–439 |Jihohin Arewacin China |Arewacin China |Adadin wadanda marubutan kasar China suka rubuta a wannan yaki bai hada da mace-macen farar hula ba, asalin adadin zai iya fin haka. |- |[[Huns|Hunnic Reclaims]] |165,000+<br />{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} |395–453 |Daular Roma da Daular Hunnic |Turai |Adadin wadanda marubutan kasar Roma suka rubuta a wannan yaki bai hada da mace-macen farar hula ba, asalin adadin zai iya fin haka. |} Note 1: The geometric mean is the middle of the quoted range, taken by multiplying together the endpoints and then taking the square root. === Yaƙunan shekarun baya (500–1500 AD) === '''''La'akari: ba'a iya tantance cikakkun bayanai akan wani yaki a wasu lokutab, sannan wasu yakunan sun wanzu har tsawon rayuwar mutane, misali.''''' "[[Reconquista]]" (711–1492, shekaru 781) "[[Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent|Mamayer Musulmai a kasashen Indiya]]" (12th zuwa 16th c., tsawon shekaru 500) "[[Crusades]]" (kamfe goma ko fiye da haka a tsakanin 1095–1291, tsawon shekaru 196), "[[Mongol invasions and conquests|Harin Mongol da mamaye yankin]]" (1206–1368, tsawon shekaru), "[[early Muslim conquests|Mamayewar Musulunci na baya baya]]" (622–750, tsawon shekaru 128), "[[Hundred Years' War|Yakin shekaru dari]]" (1337–1453, tsawon shekaru 115). {| class="sortable wikitable" style="width:100%;" |- style="background:#CCCC;" ! style="width:24%;" | Ya'''ƙi''' ! data-sort-type="number" |Rayukan da aka rasa ! data-sort-type="isoDate" |Kwanan wata !Maya'''ƙa''' !Wuri ! class="unsortable" |Bayanai |- |- |[[Arab–Byzantine wars|Arab–Byzantine Wars]] |2,000,000+{{cn|date=December 2022}} |629–1050 |Daular Banzantaniya da abokanta vs. Daular Musulunci da abokanta |Gabas ta Tsakiya/ Arewacin Afirka / Kudancin Turai |Adadin wadanda marubutan suka rubuta a wannan yaki bai hada da mace-macen farar hula ba, asalin adadin zai iya fin haka. |- |[[Reconquista]] |7,000,000 |711–1492 |Jihohin Spaniya da Portugal vs. Jihohin Musulmai |Iberian Peninsula |<ref>{{cite book|title=The Rationalist's Manual|last1=Aletheia|date=1897}}</ref> |- |[[Goguryeo–Sui War]] |300,000+ |598–614 |Daular Sui China da Masarautar Goguryeo |China, Korea |<ref>{{cite book|title=Book of Sui|date=636}}</ref> |- |[[An Lushan Rebellion]] |13,000,000–36,000,000 |755–763 |Daular Tang China da Daular Musulunci vs. Jihohin Yan |China |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#AnLushan|title=Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics|access-date=2011-01-24}}</ref> – An kuma sanshi a matsayin Tawayen An–Shi |- |[[Goryeo–Khitan War]]s |90,000+ |993–1019 |Daular Liao vs. Daular Goryeo |Korea |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=200000000&docId=1066517&categoryId=200000329|title=귀주대첩 [네이버 지식백과] 귀주대첩 [龜州大捷] (두산백과)|work=Naver|access-date=4 July 2013}}</ref> |- |[[Song–Đại Việt war]] |600,000+ |1075–1077 |Daular Song vs. Masarautar Dai Viet karkashi Daular [[Lý dynasty]] |China, Vietnam |<ref name="Chapuis77">{{Harvnb|Chapuis|1995|page=77}}</ref><ref>''Xu Zizhi Tongjian Changbian''《長編》卷三百上載出師兵員“死者二十萬”，“上曰：「朝廷以交址犯順，故興師討罪，郭逵不能剪滅，垂成而還。今廣源瘴癘之地，我得之未為利，彼失之未為害，一夫不獲，朕尚閔之，况十死五六邪？」又安南之師，死者二十萬，朝廷當任其咎。《續資治通鑑長編·卷三百》”。 《越史略》載廣西被殺者“無慮十萬”。 《玉海》卷一九三上稱“兵夫三十萬人冒暑涉瘴地，死者過半”。</ref> |- |[[Crusades]] |1,000,000–3,000,000 |1095–1291 |Asalin Masarautar Banzantaniya vs. Daular Seljuq, amma daga bisani ya sauya zuwa yaki tsakanin Kiristoci da Musulmai. |Turai / Gabas ta Tsakiya ("[[Holy Land]]") |<ref>Robertson, John M., "A Short History of Christianity" (1902) p.278. [http://users.rcn.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#Crusades Cited by White]</ref> |- |[[Albigensian Crusade]] |200,000–1,000,000 |1208–1229 |Jihohin Papal da Faransa vs. Jihohin Cathar |Faransa |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Crusades|title=Crusades (1095-1291)|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897752-2,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120172908/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897752-2,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 20, 2008|title=Massacre of the Pure|date=April 28, 1961|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> – An kuma san yakin a matsayin Cathar Crusade – Daga cikin [[Crusades]] |- |[[Mongol invasions and conquests]] |30,000,000–40,000,000 |1206–1368 |Daular Mungoliya vs. sauran jihohin Eurashiya da dama |Eurasia |<ref name="McEvedy&Jones1978">{{cite book|title=Atlas of World Population History|last1=McEvedy|first1=Colin|last2=Jones|first2=Richard M.|date=1978|publisher=Puffin|isbn=9780140510768|location=New York, NY|page=[https://archive.org/details/atlasofworldpopu00mcev/page/172 172]|url=https://archive.org/details/atlasofworldpopu00mcev/page/172}}</ref><ref>Ping-ti Ho, "An Estimate of the Total Population of Sung-Chin China", in ''Études Song'', Series 1, No 1, (1970) pp. 33–53.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Mongol|title=Mongol Conquests|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics|access-date=2011-01-24}}</ref> – banda (kusan) mutuwar mutum 200,000,000 na [[Black Death migration]] wanda ke da alaƙa da fadada ƙasar Mongoliya |- |[[Wars of Scottish Independence]] |60,000–150,000 |1296–1357 |Scotland vs. England |Scotland / England | |- |[[Hundred Years' War]] |2,300,000–3,300,000 |1337–1453 |House of Valois vs. House of Plantagenet |Yammacin Turai |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#100yrs|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Historical Body Count|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref> |- |[[Timur|Conquests of Timur]] |8,000,000–20,000,000 |1370–1405 |Daular Timurid vs. da dumbin kasashen gabasa ta tsakiya |Eurasia |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Timur|title=Timur Lenk (1369–1405)|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics|access-date=2011-01-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Asian|title=Miscellaneous Oriental Atrocities|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics|access-date=2011-01-24}}</ref> |- |[[Wars of the Roses]] |35,000–105,000 |1455–1487 |House of Lancaster, House of Tudor, da abokansu vs. House of York da abokansu |England / Wales |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wars.findthedata.com/l/203/Wars-of-the-Roses|title=War Statistics – Death Tolls, Length, and More|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310005448/http://wars.findthedata.com/l/203/Wars-of-the-Roses|archive-date=10 March 2017}}</ref> |} == Na zamani == === Yakunan Zamani (shekaru 1500AD zuwa yau) wanda aka rasa rayuka fiye da 25,000 === {| class="sortable wikitable" style="width:100%;" |+ |- style="background:#CCCC;" ! style="width:24%;" | War ! data-sort-type="number" |Death<br />range ! data-sort-type="isoDate" |Date !Combatants ! Location ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- |[[Ottoman–Habsburg wars#War in the Mediterranean|Mediterranean War]] |900,000–1,000,000 |1470–1574 |Jimhorriyar Venice, Spaniya, Jimhoriyyar Genoa, Jihohin Papal, Duchy of Savoy, da kuma Order of Saint John vs. Daular Ottoman |Mediterranean |<ref name="remilitari" /> |- |[[Italian Wars]] |300,000–400,000 |1494–1559 |Masarautar Roma, Spaniya, da wasu jihohin Italiya vs. Faransa, Daular Ottoman, da wasu jihohi Italiya |Kudancin Turai (mafi akasari) |<ref name="remilitari" /> – ana kuma kiran yakin da Great Wars of Italy |- |[[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire]] |24,300,000+ |1519–1632 |Daular Spaniya vs. Daular Aztec |Mexico |<ref name="remilitari">{{Cite web|url=http://remilitari.com/guias/victimario9.htm|title=De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios|website=remilitari.com}}</ref> – Sashin mulkin mallakan Turawa a Amurka, wanda ya hada da farin [[Cocoliztli epidemics|cocoliztli plagues]] |- |[[Spanish conquest of Yucatán]] |1,460,000+ |1519–1595 |Dauar Spaniya vs. Jihohin Mayan |Arewacin Amurka |<ref name="remilitari" /> – Sashin mulkin mallakan Turawa a Amurka, wanda ya hada da cututtuka |- |[[Spanish conquest of Nicaragua]] |575,000+ |1522–1536 |Daular Spaniya vs. mutanen kasar Nicaragua |Nicaragua |<ref name="remilitari" /> – Sashin mulkin mallakan Turawa a Amurka, wanda ya hada da cututtukan Turai |- |[[Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire]] |8,400,000+ |1533–1572 |Daular Spaniya vs. Daular Inca |Peru |<ref name="remilitari" /> – Sashin mulkin mallakan Turawa a Amurka, wanda ya hada da cututtukan Turai |- |[[Campaigns of Suleiman the Magnificent]] |200,000+ |1521–1566 |Daular Ottoman vs. sauran garurywan Balkan, Afirka, da kasashen Larabawa |Gabashin Turai / Gabas ta Tsakiya/ Arewacin Afirka |<ref name="Nash" /> |- |[[German Peasants' War]] |100,000+ |1524–1525 |German Peasants vs. Swabian League |Jamus |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Psnt1524|title=Peasants' War, Germany (1524-25)|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref> – Ana kuma kiranda da "Great Peasants War" |- |[[Arauco War]] |125,000–142,000 |1550–1790 |Daular Spaniya vs. Mapuches |Chile |<ref name="remilitari" /> – Sashin mulkin mallakan Turawa a Amurka, wanda ya hada da cututtukan Turai |- |[[French Wars of Religion]] |2,000,000–4,000,000 |1562–1598 |'Yan zanga-zanga vs. Faransa vs. Kiristocin Katolika |Faransa |<ref>{{cite book |last=Knecht |first=Robert J. |date=2002 |title=The French Religious Wars 1562–1598 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |pages=[https://archive.org/details/frenchreligiousw00knec_0/page/91 91] |isbn=9781841763958 |url=https://archive.org/details/frenchreligiousw00knec_0/page/91 }}</ref> – Ana kuma kiransa da "Yakin Huguenot" |- |[[Eighty Years' War]] |600,000–700,000 |1568–1648 |Dutch Republic, England, and France vs. Spanish Empire |Northern Europe (primarily) |<ref name="remilitari" /> – Also known as the Dutch War of Independence |- |[[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)]] |138,285+ |1585–1604 |Spanish Empire and allies vs. Kingdom of England and allies |Europe / Americas |'''English'''<br />88,285<ref>{{cite book|title=This Seat of Mars: War and the British Isles, 1485-1746|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rKL6nADScBkC&pg=PA262|isbn = 978-0300180886|last1 = Carlton|first1 = Charles|date = 2011-11-22}}</ref><br />'''Scots/Irish'''<br />50,000 |- |[[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)|Japanese invasions of Korea]] |1,000,000+ |1592–1598 |Kingdom of Great Joseon and Ming China vs. Japan |Korea |<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Japanese Invasion of Korea — 1592 |last=Jones |first=Geo H. |date=1899 |url=http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/4778c624c169aafe0710b922b29f7104.pdf |pages=234 |volume=23 |issue=5 |journal=The China Review |quote=Thus ended for a time one of the bloodiest wars in history. During the two years and more the loss of life was frightful; nothing remains upon which to base a reliable estimate, but the War Monument at Kiuto, and the accounts of such battles as Kyong-chu, Choung-chu, Haing chu, the Im Chiu River, Pyongyang, Yenan, the massacre at Söul, Ulsan and Chiu-chu, and fifty other engagements would make a million lives a conservative estimate. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710001136/http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/4778c624c169aafe0710b922b29f7104.pdf |archive-date=2019-07-10 |access-date=2018-05-13}}</ref><ref name="remilitari" /> |- |[[Nine Years' War (Ireland)]] |130,000+ |1593–1603 |[[List of participants in the Nine Years' War|Irish rebels]] vs [[Kingdom of England]] |[[Ireland]] |<ref name="remilitari" /> |- |[[Transition from Ming to Qing]] |25,000,000+ |1616–1683 |Qing China vs. Ming China vs. [[Shun dynasty]] China ([[Li Zicheng]]) vs. Xi dynasty China ([[Zhang Xianzhong]] vs. Kingdom of Shu ([[She-An Rebellion]]) vs. [[Evenks|Evenk]]-[[Daur people|Daur]] federation ([[Bombogor (chief)|Bombogor]]) |China |<ref>McFarlane, Alan: ''The Savage Wars of Peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian Trap'', Blackwell 2003, {{ISBN|0-631-18117-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-631-18117-0}} – cited by [http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Manchu17c White]</ref> – Also known as the Ming–Qing transition |- |[[Thirty Years' War]] |4,000,000–12,000,000 |1618–1648 |Pro-Habsburg states vs. Anti-Habsburg states |Europe |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#30YrW|title=The Thirty Years War (1618-48) |website=Necrometrics |first=Matthew |last=White}}</ref> |- |[[Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)]] |200,000+ |1635–1659 |France and allies vs. Spain and allies |Western Europe |<ref name="Nash" /><ref name="clodfelter" /> |- |[[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]] |876,000+ |1639–1651 |Royalists vs. Covenanters vs.Union of the Irish vs. Scottish Protestants vs. Parliamentarians |British Isles |<ref name="Carlton-211">{{Harvnb|Carlton|2002|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tVugNXnVrVAC&pg=PP10 p. 211]}}.</ref><ref name="Carlton-212">{{Harvnb|Carlton|2002|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tVugNXnVrVAC&pg=PP10 p. 212]}}.</ref><ref name="Carlton-213">{{Harvnb|Carlton|2002|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tVugNXnVrVAC&pg=PP10 p. 213]}}.</ref> – Also known as the British Civil Wars |- |[[Portuguese Restoration War]] |80,000 |1640–1668 |Portugal, France, and England vs. Spain |Iberian Peninsula | |- | [[Russo-Ukrainian War]] [[Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War|(outline)]] | 200,000+ | 2014–present | Russia vs. Ukraine | Ukraine | Estimates of deaths vary widely.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/reliable-death-tolls-from-the-ukraine-war-are-hard-to-come-by-the-result-of-undercounts-and-manipulation-179905|title=Reliable death tolls from the Ukraine war are hard to come by – the result of undercounts and manipulation|first=Neta C.|last=Crawford|website=The Conversation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/counting-the-dead-in-ukraine/|title=Counting the Dead in Ukraine|first=Sanjana|last=Varghese|date=May 4, 2022}}</ref> |- |[[English Civil War]] |211,830+ |1642–1651 |Royalists vs. Parliamentarians |England, Scotland, and Ireland |Part of the [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]] |- |[[Cretan War (1645–1669)|Fifth Ottoman–Venetian War]] |72,000 |1645–1669 |Republic of Venice vs. Ottoman Empire |Candia, Crete, Dalmatia and Aegean Sea | |- |[[Deluge (history)|Deluge]] |3,000,000 |[[Second Northern War|1655–1660]] or [[Khmelnytsky Uprising|1648]]-[[Truce of Andrusovo|1667]] |Primarily [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland]] vs. [[Swedish Empire|Sweden]] and [[Tsardom of Russia|Russia]] |[[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grabieże szwedzkie w Polsce (1). Przyczyny, charakterystyka i skutki |url=http://www.nimoz.pl/pl/wydawnictwa/czasopisma/cenne-bezcenne-utracone-archiwum/2005-1/nr-32005/grabieze-szwedzkie-w-polsce-1-przyczyny-charakterystyka-i-skutki |access-date=2023-01-13 |archive-date=2017-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920110844/http://nimoz.pl/pl/wydawnictwa/czasopisma/cenne-bezcenne-utracone-archiwum/2005-1/nr-32005/grabieze-szwedzkie-w-polsce-1-przyczyny-charakterystyka-i-skutki |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Mughal–Maratha Wars]] |5,000,000+ |1658–1707 |Maratha empire vs. Mughal Empire |India-Bangladesh |<ref>{{cite book|author=Matthew White|year=2011|title=Atrocitology: Humanity's 100 Deadliest Achievements|publisher=[[Canongate Books]] |page=113|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5w9qmd1UeMC&pg=PP113|author-link=Matthew White (historian)|isbn=9780857861252}}</ref><ref>Matthew White (2011), Aurangzeb - in ''Atrocities: The 100 Deadliest Episodes in Human History'', W.W. Norton & Co., {{ISBN|978-0393081923}}</ref> |- |[[Franco-Dutch War]] |342,000 |1672–1678 |France and allies vs. Dutch Republic and allies |Western Europe |Also known as the Dutch War |- |[[Great Turkish War]] |380,000+ |1683–1699 |Ottoman Empire vs. European Holy League |Eastern Europe |<ref name="Nash" /> – Also known as the War of the Holy League |- |[[Nine Years' War]] |680,000+ |1688–1697 |France vs. [[Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg)|League of Augsburg]] (Dutch, Habsburgs, England, Scotland, Spain and others) |Global (mainly Europe) |<ref>Levy, Jack S (1983). ''War in the Modern Great Power System: 1495 to 1975.'' University Press of Kentucky. Page 90.</ref> |- |[[Great Northern War]] |350,000+ |1700–1721 |Russia and allies vs. Swedish Empire |Eastern Europe |Sweden, the Swedish Baltic provinces, and Finland, together, with a population of only 2.5 million, lost some 350,000 dead during the war from all causes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/wars18c.htm#North1700|title=Northern War (1700-21)|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref> |- |[[War of the Spanish Succession]] |400,000–1,250,000 |1701–1714 |Grand Alliance vs. Bourbon Alliance |Europe / Americas |<ref name="Nash" /> |- |[[Maratha invasions of Bengal|Maratha expeditions in Bengal]] |400,000+ |1741–1751 |Maratha Empire vs. Nawab of Bengal |India, Bangladesh |<ref name="Marshall73">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIZrfokYSY8C&pg=PA73|title=Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern India 1740-1828|author=P. J. Marshall|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2006|page=73|author-link=P. J. Marshall|isbn=9780521028226}}</ref><ref name="Chaudhuri253">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9xt7Fgzq9e8C&pg=PA253|title=The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company: 1660-1760|author=Kirti N. Chaudhuri|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2006|page=253|author-link=Kirti N. Chaudhuri|isbn=9780521031592}}</ref> |- |[[Seven Years' War]] |868,000–1,400,000 |1756–1763 |Great Britain and allies vs. France and Allies |Worldwide | |- |[[Sino-Burmese War]] |70,000+ |1765–1769 |Burma vs. Qing China |Southeast Asia |– Also known as the Qing invasions of Burma |- |[[Tây Sơn dynasty|Tây Sơn rebellion]] |1,200,000–2,000,000+ |1771–1802 |Tây Sơn rebels then dynasty (British supports) and [[Pirates of the South China Coast|Chinese pirates]] vs [[Nguyễn lords]], [[Trịnh lords]], [[Lê dynasty]] of Vietnam; [[Siam]]; [[Qing dynasty]] of China; Kingdom of [[Vientiane]]; [[France|French]] army. |Southeast Asia | |- |[[American Revolutionary War]] |70,000-116,000 |1775–1783 |United States and allies vs. British Empire and German Mercenaries |Worldwide |37,324 battle dead, all sides, all theaters.<ref name="Nash" /><ref name="Howard H. Peckham 1974">{{cite book |editor-first=Howard H. |editor-last=Peckham |title=The Toll of Independence: Engagements and Battle Casualties of the American Revolution |location=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |date=1974}}</ref><ref name="frenchcasualtiesrevolution">{{cite web|url=http://www.w3r-us.org/history/rosters/frgraves.htm|title=The 2112 Frenchmen who died in the United States from 1777 to 1783 while fighting for the American Independence|last1=Dawson|first1=Warrington|website=Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route|publisher=Journal de la societe des Americanistes|access-date=4 June 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605125852/http://www.w3r-us.org/history/rosters/frgraves.htm|archive-date=5 June 2017}}</ref><ref name="Necrometrics">{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/wars18c.htm#AmRev|title=Spanish casualties in The American Revolutionary war.|publisher=Necrometrics}}</ref><ref name="Annual Register, 1783">[https://books.google.com/books?id=p7T9O3aNmVoC&pg=PA199 Annual Register, 1783] (1785), pp. 199–200.</ref> – Also known as the American War of Independence |- |[[White Lotus Rebellion]] |100,000+ |1794–1804 |Qing China vs. White Lotus rebels |China | |- |[[French campaign in Egypt and Syria]] |65,000+ |1798–1801 |France vs. Ottoman Empire and Great Britain |Middle East / North Africa |<ref name="Nash" /> |- |[[Saint-Domingue expedition]] |135,000+ |1802–1803 |France vs. Haiti and UK |Haiti |<ref name="clodfelter" /> – Part of the [[Haitian Revolution]] |- |[[Napoleonic Wars]] |3,500,000–7,000,000 |1803–1815 |Coalition powers vs. French empire and allies |Worldwide |See: [[Napoleonic Wars casualties]] |- |[[Peninsular War]] |1,000,000+ |1808–1814 |Spain, Portugal and United Kingdom vs. France, Kingdom of Italy and Duchy of Warsaw |Iberian Peninsula |<ref name="clodfelter" /> – Part of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] |- |[[Spanish American wars of independence]] |600,000+ |1808–1833 |Spain vs. American Independentists |Americas |<ref name="remilitari6">{{Cite web|url=http://remilitari.com/guias/victimario6.htm|title=De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios|website=remilitari.com}}</ref> |- |[[Venezuelan War of Independence]] |228,000+ |1810–1823 |Spain vs. Venezuelan states |Venezuela |– Part of [[Spanish American Wars of Independence]] |- |[[Mfecane]] |1,000,000–2,000,000 |1810s–1840s |Ethnic communities in southern Africa |Modern day [[South Africa]] |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historynet.com/shaka-zulu-chieftain.htm |title=Shaka: Zulu Chieftain |website=HistoryNet.com |date=June 12, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Hanson|first=Victor |title=Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XGr16-CxpH8C|date=18 December 2007|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-307-42518-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Walter|first=Eugene Victor |title=Terror and resistance: a study of political violence, with case studies of some primitive African communities|url=https://archive.org/details/terrorresistance0000walt|url-access=registration|year=1969|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref name="Wright1988">{{cite journal |last1=Wright |first1=John |last2=Cobbing |first2=Julian |date=1988-09-12 |title=The Mfecane: Beginning the inquest |url=http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/10263 |journal=Wits Institutional Repository African Studies Institute - Seminar Papers |access-date=2023-01-13 |archive-date=2019-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224055507/http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/10263 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[French invasion of Russia]] |540,000+ |1812 |French Empire vs. Russia |Russia |<ref name="Nash" /> – Part of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] |- |[[Carlist Wars]] |200,000+ |1820–1876 |Carlist Insurgents vs. Spain |Spain |<ref name="remilitari6" /> |- |[[Greek War of Independence]] |170,000+ |1821–1831 |Greek Revolutionaries vs. Ottoman Empire |Greece | |- |[[French conquest of Algeria]] |595,665–1,095,665 |1830–1903 |France vs. Algerian resistance |Algeria |Between 500,000 and 1,000,000, from approximately 3 million Algerians, were killed in the first three decades of the conquest.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jalata|first=Asafa|title=Phases of Terrorism in the Age of Globalization: From Christopher Columbus to Osama bin Laden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SCjxCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|date=2016|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|isbn=978-1-137-55234-1|pages=92–3|quote=Within the first three decades, the French military massacred between half a million to one million from approximately three million Algerian people.}}</ref><ref name="Kiernan2007">{{cite book|last=Kiernan|first=Ben|author-link=Ben Kiernan|title=Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur|url=https://archive.org/details/bloodan_kie_2007_00_0326|url-access=registration|year=2007|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-10098-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bloodan_kie_2007_00_0326/page/364 364]–ff|quote=In Algeria, colonization and genocidal massacres proceeded in tandem. From 1830 to 1847, its European settler population quadrupled to 104,000. Of the native Algerian population of approximately 3 million in 1830, about 500,000 to 1 million perished in the first three decades of French conquest.}}</ref> French losses from 1830 to 1851 were 92,329 dead from disease and only 3,336 killed in action.<ref name="clodfelter" /><ref>{{cite book|title=The Making of Contemporary Algeria, 1830-1987|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4nXl7h8i5scC&pg=PA42|isbn=9780521524322|last1=Bennoune|first1=Mahfoud|date=2002-08-22|page=42}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=French Conquest of Algeria (1829–47)|url=http://necrometrics.com/wars19c.htm#Algeria1830}}</ref> |- |[[Taiping Rebellion]] |20,000,000–70,000,000 |1850–1864 |Qing China vs. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom |China |<ref name="Gruhl">{{cite book|last1=Gruhl|first1=Werner|title=Imperial Japan's World War Two: 1931 - 1945|date=2007|publisher=Transaction Publishers|page=181|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ow5Wlmu9MPQC&pg=PA181|isbn=9780765803528}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Zhongguo Renkou Shi|trans-title=A History of China's Population|last=Cao|first=Shuji|publisher=Fudan Daxue Chubanshe|year=2001|location=Shanghai|pages=455, 509|language=zh}}</ref><ref>Hans Bielenstein. Chinese historical demography A.D. 2-1982. Östasiatiska museet. p 17</ref> – Also known as the Taiping Civil War |- |[[Crimean War]] |356,000–615,000 |1853–1856 |Ottoman Empire and allies vs. Russia |Crimean Peninsula | |- |[[Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)]] |1,000,000+ |1854–1856 |Qing China vs. Red Turban rebels |China | |- |[[Miao Rebellion (1854–1873)|Miao Rebellion]] |4,900,000 {{cn|date=November 2021}} |1854–1873 |Qing China vs. Miao |China |Also known as the Qian rebellion |- |[[Punti–Hakka Clan Wars]] |500,000–1,000,000+ |1855-1868 |Hakka vs. Punti |China | |- |[[Panthay Rebellion]] |890,000–1,000,000 |1856–1873 |Qing China vs. Hui |China |– Also known as the Du Wenxiu Rebellion |- |[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] |800,000–1,000,000 |1857–1858 |Sepoy Mutineers vs. British East India Company |India |<ref>{{cite news |last=Ramesh |first=Randeep |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/aug/24/india.randeepramesh |title=India's secret history: 'A holocaust, one where millions disappeared...' |work=The Guardian |date=24 August 2007}}</ref> – Also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or the Indian First War of Independence |- |[[American Civil War]] |650,000–1,000,000 |1861–1865 |Union States vs. Confederate States |USA |<ref>[http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/recounting-the-dead/ Recounting the dead], Associate Professor J. David Hacker, "''estimates, based on Census data, indicate that the death toll was at least 750,000, and may have been as high as 850,000''" (study refers only to military casualties)</ref><ref>James M. McPherson, "Battle Cry of Freedom", Oxford University Press, Oct 24, 2003, page 619. "Suffering and death were widespread, nevertheless, and a fair estimate of war-related civilian deaths might total 50,000".</ref><ref>Professor James Downs. [http://blog.oup.com/2012/04/black-white-demographic-death-toll-civil-war/ "Color blindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War".] Oxford University Press, April 13th 2012. "An 2 April 2012 New York Times article, "New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll," reports that a new study ratchets up the death toll from an estimated 650,000 to a staggering 850,000 people. As horrific as this new number is, it fails to reflect the mortality of former slaves during the war. If former slaves were included in this figure, the Civil War death toll would likely be over a million casualties... the rough 19th century estimate was that 60,000 former slaves died from [war-related diseases and starvation], but doctors treating black patients often claimed that they were unable to keep accurate records due to demands on their time and the lack of manpower and resources... tens of thousands of other slaves who died had no contact with army doctors, leaving no records of their deaths".</ref> |- |[[Dungan Revolt (1862–77)|Dungan Revolt]] |8,000,000–20,000,000 |1862–1877 |Qing China vs. Hui vs. Kashgaria |China |– Also known as the Tongzhi Hui Revolt |- |[[Second French intervention in Mexico|French intervention in Mexico]] |49,287+ |1862–1867 |Mexican Republicans vs. France and Mexican Empire |Mexico |<ref name="clodfelter" /> |- |[[War of the Triple Alliance|Paraguayan War]] |300,000–1,200,000 |1864–1870 |Triple alliance vs. Paraguay |South America |<ref>{{cite book|last=Doratioto|first=Francisco|title=Maldita guerra: nova história da Guerra do Paraguai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OfQca2PPOgMC|access-date=19 June 2015|date=2003|publisher=Companhia das Letras|isbn=978-85-359-0224-2|pages=445–446}}</ref> – Also known as the War of the Triple Alliance |- |[[Austro-Prussian War]] |40,000+ |1866 |Austrian states vs. German states |Central Europe | |- |[[Ten Years' War]] |241,000+ |1868–1878 |Spain vs. Cuba and Dominican volunteers<ref>{{cite book |last1=Foner |first1=Philip S. |title=Antonio Maceo: The "Bronze Titan" of Cuba's Struggle for Independence |date=1989 |publisher=NYU Press|quote=With reinforcements and guidance from the Dominicans, the rebels defeated Spanish detachments, cut railway lines, and gained dominance over vast sections of the eastern portion of the island.|page=21}}</ref> |Cuba |<ref name="clodfelter" /> – Also known as the Great War |- |[[Franco-Prussian War]] |433,571+ |1870–1871 |France vs. German states |France and Prussia | |- |[[Conquest of the Desert]] |30,000–35,000 |1870s–1884 |Argentina vs. Mapuche people |Patagonia | |- |[[Aceh War]] |97,000–107,000 |1873–1914 |Kingdom of the Netherlands vs. Aceh Sultanate |Indonesia |<ref>{{cite book |last=Vickers |first=Adrian |year=2005 |title=A History of Modern Indonesia |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00adri |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00adri/page/13 13] |isbn=0-521-54262-6}}</ref> – Also known as the Infidel War |- |[[First Sino-Japanese War|First Sino–Japanese War]] |48,311+ |1894–1895 |Qing China vs. Japan |East Asia | |- |[[Cuban War of Independence]] |362,000+ |1895–1898 |USA and Cuba vs. Spain |Cuba |<ref name="clodfelter" /> |- |[[War of Canudos]] |30,000+ |1896-1897 |First Brazilian Republic vs. Canudos inhabitants |Brazil | |- |[[Thousand Days' War]] |120,000+ |1899–1902 |Colombian Conservatives vs. Colombian Liberals |Colombia |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1212827.stm|title=Colombia Timeline|last1=BBC|date=14 August 2012 |access-date=11 May 2016}}</ref> |- |[[Boxer Rebellion]] |100,000 |1899–1901 |Boxers vs. Foreign powers |China | |- |[[Second Boer War|South African War (Second Boer War)]] |73,000–90,000 |1899-1902 |United Kingdom and allies vs. South African Republic and Orange Free State |South Africa |<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title = South African War |encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Britannica |date = December 11, 2017 |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/South-African-War}}</ref> |- |[[Philippine–American War]] |234,000+ |1899–1912 |Philippines vs. USA |Philippines |<ref>{{cite journal |title=War-Related Deaths in the Philippines, 1898-1902 |journal=Pacific Historical Review |last=Gates |first=John M. |doi=10.2307/3639234 |volume=53 |issue=3 |date=August 1984 |pages=367–378|jstor=3639234 |pmid=11635503 }}</ref> – Also known as the Philippine War |- |[[Russo-Japanese War]] |101,300–206,100 |1904–1905 |Russia vs. Japan |Northeast Asia | |- |[[Mexican Revolution]] |500,000–2,000,000 |1910–1920 |In reality, a full blown Civil War with multiple sides |Mexico |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hist.umn.edu/~rmccaa/missmill/|title=Missing Millions: The human cost of the Mexican Revolution, 1910–1921 |last=McCaa |first=Robert |year=2001}}</ref> |- |[[1911 Revolution]] |220,000 |1911 |Qing China vs. Revolutionaries |China | |- |[[Balkan Wars]] |140,000+ |1912–1913 |See [[Balkan Wars|Balkan wars]] |Balkan Peninsula | |- |[[World War I]] |16,000,000–40,000,000+ (the higher estimate also includes the first victims of the related [[Spanish flu]] epidemic who died by the end of 1918. Neither includes the subsequent [[Russian Civil War]]) |1914–1918 |Allied Powers vs. Central Powers |Worldwide |<ref name="Nash" /> – Also known as the Great War |- |[[Russian Civil War]] |5,000,000–9,000,000 |1917–1922 |Red army and allies vs. White army and allies |Russia |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/RUScivilwar.htm |title=Russian Civil War |publisher=Spartacus-Educational.com |access-date=2019-02-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205201225/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUScivilwar.htm |archive-date=2010-12-05 }}</ref> |- |[[Kurdish separatism in Iran]] |15,000–58,000 |1918–present |[[Qajar dynasty]] vs. [[Shekak (tribe)]] |Iran |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/irankurds-1943-present/|title=Iran/Kurds (1943-present)|access-date=23 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125083945/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/irankurds-1943-present/|archive-date=25 January 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br /> |- |[[Iraqi–Kurdish conflict]] |138,800–320,100 |1918–2003 |Kurdistan/Iraqi Kurdistan and allies vs. Iraq and allies |Iraq |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c100k.htm#Kurdistan2|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Lortz |first=Michael G. |date=2005 |title=Willing to Face Death: A History of Kurdish Military Forces — the Peshmerga — from the Ottoman Empire to Present-Day Iraq |type=MA |publisher=Florida State University |url=https://fsu.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fsu:175614/datastream/PDF/view |access-date=12 May 2018 |oclc=64130374 |archive-date=27 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727174333/http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3203&context=etd |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Rif War]] |90,000 |1921–1926 |Spain vs. [[Republic of the Rif]] |Morocco |<ref name="remilitari4"/> |- |[[Kurdish–Turkish conflict]] |100,000+ |1921–present |Turkey vs. Kurdish people |Middle East | |- |[[Pacification of Libya|Second Italo-Senussi War]] |40,000+ |1923–1932 |Italy vs. Senussi Order |Libya | |- |[[Chinese Civil War]] |8,000,000–{{nts|11692000}} |1927–1949 |ROC vs. PRC |China |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls |website=Necrometrics |first=Matthew |last=White |access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> |- |[[Chaco War]] |85,000–130,000 |1932–1935 |Bolivia vs. Paraguay |[[Gran Chaco]] | |- |[[Second Italo–Ethiopian War]] |278,000+ |1935–1936 |Ethiopian Empire vs. Italy |Ethiopia |According to Italian government statistics, the Italians suffered 1,148 [[killed in action|KIA]], 125 DOW, and 31 [[missing in action|MIA]].<ref name="Ofcansky">{{cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WU92d6sB8JAC&pg=PA234 |last1=Shinn |first1=David H. |last2=Ofcansky |first2=Thomas P. |isbn=9780810874572 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham |date=2013 |page=234}}</ref> According to the Ethiopian government, at least 275,000 Ethiopians died in the brief war.<ref name="Ofcansky" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c300k.htm#Eth35|title=Secondary Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century|website=Necrometrics}}</ref> – Also known as the Second Italo–Abyssinian War |- |[[Spanish Civil War]] |500,000–1,000,000 |1936–1939 |Nationalists vs. Republicans |Spain |<ref name="clodfelter">{{cite book|title=Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015, 4th ed.|last1=Clodfelter|first1=M |date=2017|publisher=McFarland}}</ref> |- |[[Second Sino-Japanese War]] |20,000,000–25,000,000 |1937–1945 |Republic of China and allies vs. Japan |China |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/nuclear_01.shtml|title=World Wars: Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan|publisher=BBC|last=Anderson |first=Duncan|date=2011-02-17}}</ref> – Part of [[World War II]] |- |[[World War II]] |85,000,000 |1939–1945 |[[Allies of World War II|Allied powers]] vs. [[Axis Powers]] |Worldwide |<ref name="Nash">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KglCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA775|title=Darkest Hours|last1=Nash|date=1976|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9781590775264}}</ref> – Largest and deadliest war in history |- |[[Winter War]] |153,736–194,837 |1939–1940 |Finland vs. Soviet Union |Finland |– Part of [[World War II]] |- |[[Greco-Italian War]] |27,000+ |1940–1941 |Greece vs. Italy |Southeast Europe |– Part of [[World War II]] |- |[[Continuation War]] |387,300+ |1941–1944 |Finland and Germany vs. Soviet Union |Northern Europe |– Part of [[World War II]] |- |[[Soviet–Japanese War]] |33,420–95,768 |1945 |Soviet Union and Mongolia vs. Japan |Manchuria |– Part of [[World War II]] |- |[[First Indochina War]] |400,000+ |1946–1954 |France vs. [[Việt Minh]], Lao Assara, and Khmer Issarak |Southeast Asia |– Also known as the Indochina War |- |[[Partition of India]] |200,000–2,000,000 |1946–1948 |India and Pakistan |South Asia |[[Partition of India]] |- |[[Greek Civil War]] |158,000+ |1946–1949 |Greek Government army vs. DSE |Greece |<ref>{{cite book |title=A New Kind of War |last=Jones |first=Howard |date=1989 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=9780195045819}}</ref><ref>Edgar O'Ballance, The Greek Civil War : 1944–1949 (1966)</ref><ref>T. Lomperis, From People's War to People's Rule (1996)</ref><ref>"B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson, International Conflict : A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management 1945–1995 (1997)</ref> |- |[[Malagasy Uprising]] |11,342–89,000 |1947–1948 |France vs. Malagasy Insurgents |[[Madagascar]] |<ref name="chiffres2">{{cite news|url=http://africamix.blog.lemonde.fr/2012/03/29/madagascar-se-souvient-de-linsurrection-de-1947-et-des-massacres-du-corps-expeditionnaire-francais/|title=Madagascar se souvient de l'insurrection de 1947 et des massacres du corps expéditionnaire français|date=28 February 1989|newspaper=Le Monde|access-date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215202258/http://africamix.blog.lemonde.fr/2012/03/29/madagascar-se-souvient-de-linsurrection-de-1947-et-des-massacres-du-corps-expeditionnaire-francais/|archive-date=15 December 2013|url-status=dead|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="Fremigacci">Jean Fremigacci, "La vérité sur la grande révolte de Madagascar," ''L'Histoire'', n°318, March 2007.</ref> |- |[[Kashmir conflict]] |80,000–110,000 |1947–present |India vs. Pakistan |North India / Pakistan | |- |[[La Violencia]] |192,700–194,700 |1948–1958 |Colombian Conservative Party vs. Colombian Liberal Party |Colombia | |- |[[Internal conflict in Myanmar]] |130,000–250,000 |1948–present |Myanmar vs. Burmese Insurgent Groups |Myanmar |<ref name="umass">{{cite web|url=http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/dpe/modern_conflicts/death_tolls.pdf|title=Modern Conflicts Database: Alternative Estimates for Death Tolls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011224313/http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/dpe/modern_conflicts/death_tolls.pdf|archive-date=2008-10-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Arab–Israeli conflict]] |116,074+ |1948–present |Arab Countries vs. Israel |Middle East |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/total-casualties-arab-israeli-conflict |title=Vital Statistics: Total Casualties, Arab-Israeli Conflict (1860–Present) |website=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref> |- |[[Annexation of Hyderabad]] |29,000–242,000 |1948 |Dominion of India vs. Hyderabad |India |– Also known as Operation Polo |- |[[Korean War]] |1,500,000–4,500,000 |1950–1953 |South Korea and allies vs. North Korea and allies |Korea |<ref>{{cite web|last=Lacina|first=Bethany|url=https://files.prio.org/ReplicationData/BattleDeathsDataset/PRIO%20Battle%20Deaths%20Dataset%203.0%20Documentation.pdf|title=The PRIO Battle Deaths Dataset, 1946-2008, Version 3.0|publisher=[[Peace Research Institute Oslo]]|date=September 2009|pages=359–362|access-date=2019-08-30}}</ref> American casualties in the Korean War included 54,246 dead and 103,284 wounded. |- |[[Algerian War of Independence|Algerian War]] |400,000–1,500,000 |1954–1962 |Algeria vs. France |Algeria |<ref>[http://www.france24.com/en/20120316-commemorations-mark-end-algerian-war-independence-france-evian-accords France remembers the Algerian War, 50 years on] France 24</ref> – Also known as the Algerian War of Independence |- |[[Ethnic conflict in Nagaland]] |34,000+ |1954–present |India and Myanmar vs. Naga People |Northeast India |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.onwar.com/aced/chrono/index1950.htm|title=Chronological Index of Wars and Conflicts from 1950 to 1959|website=www.onwar.com}}</ref> |- |[[Vietnam War]] |1,300,000–4,300,000 |1955–1975 |South Vietnam and allies vs. North Vietnam and allies |Vietnam |<ref name="Hirschman2">{{cite journal| first1=Charles |last1=Hirschman |first2=Samuel |last2=Preston |author3=Vu Manh Loi |url=http://faculty.washington.edu/charles/new%20PUBS/A77.pdf |title=Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate |journal=Population and Development Review |date=December 1995|volume=21 |issue=4 |page=783 |doi=10.2307/2137774 |jstor=2137774 }}</ref><ref name="afp1995">{{cite news |title=20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate |first=Philip |last=Shenon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html |date=23 April 1995 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=24 February 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme |last1=Obermeyer |first1=Ziad |last2=Murray |first2=Christopher J L |last3=Gakidou |first3=Emmanuela |doi=10.1136/bmj.a137 |journal=[[The BMJ|BMJ]] |date=26 June 2008 |volume=336 |issue=7659 |pages=1482–6 |quote=From 1955 to 2002, data from the surveys indicated an estimated 5.4 million violent war deaths ... 3.8 million in Vietnam. |pmid=18566045 |pmc=2440905}}</ref> American casualties in the Vietnam War included 58,226 dead and 304,000 wounded. – Also known as the Second Indochina War - Includes deaths in Cambodia and Laos |- |[[First Sudanese Civil War]] |500,000+ |1955–1972 |Sudan vs. South Sudanese Rebels |Sudan | |- |[[Congo Crisis]] |100,000+ |1960–1965 |DRC, USA, and Belgium vs. Simba and Kwilu Rebels |Congo |<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mwakikagile|first1=Godfrey|title=Statecraft and Nation Building in Africa: A Post-colonial Study|date=2014|publisher=New Africa Press|location=Dar es Salaam|isbn=978-9987-16-039-6|page=72}}</ref> |- |[[Angolan War of Independence]] |83,000–103,000 |1961–1974 |Angola vs. Portugal and South Africa |Angola | |- |[[North Yemen Civil War]] |100,000–200,000 |1962–1970 |Kingdom of Yemen and Saudi Arabia vs. Yemen Arab Republic and United Arab Republic |Yemen |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://muftah.org/yemens-first-civil-war-offers-lessons-for-ending-the-countrys-current-conflict/|title=Yemen's First Civil War Offers Lessons for Ending the Country's Current Conflict|date=21 April 2015|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> |- |[[Mozambican War of Independence]] |63,500–88,500 |1964–1974 |FRELIMO vs. Portugal |Mozambique |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c30k.htm#Mozambique|title=Mozambique, Anti-colonial war (1961-1975)|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> |- |[[Insurgency in Northeast India]] |25,000+ |1964–present |India and allies vs. Insurgent Groups |Northeast India |<ref name="umass" /> |- |[[Colombian conflict]] |220,000+ |1964–present |Colombia and allies vs. Far Left guerillas and Far Right paramilitares |Colombia |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jesusradicals.com/georgetown-welcomes-colombias-ex-pres-uribe/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113143821/http://www.jesusradicals.com/georgetown-welcomes-colombias-ex-pres-uribe/|archive-date=2010-11-13|url-status=dead|access-date=2010-10-02|title=Georgetown Welcomes Colombia's Ex-Pres. Uribe|last=Dear|first=John|date=October 2, 2010}}</ref> |- |[[Biafra War|Nigerian Civil War]] |1,000,000–3,000,000 |1967–1970 |Nigeria vs. Biafra |Nigeria |– Also known as the Biafran War |- |[[Moro conflict]] |120,000+ |1969–2019 |Philippines vs. Jihadist Groups vs. Bangsamoro |Philippines |<ref>{{cite report |last1=Schiavo-Campo |first1=Salvatore |last2=Judd |first2=Mary |title=The Mindanao conflict in the Philippines: roots, costs, and potential peace dividend |date=2005-02-01 |number=31822 |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCPR/214578-1111996036679/20482477/WP24_Web.pdf |publisher=[[World Bank]] |citeseerx=10.1.1.404.2086}}</ref> |- |[[Communist rebellion in the Philippines]] |30,000–43,000 |1969–present |Philippines vs. Communist Party of the Philippines |Philippines |<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Holden|first1=William Norman|title=The Never Ending War in the Wounded Land: The New People's Army on Samar|journal=Journal of Geography and Geology|volume=5|issue=4|year=2013|issn=1916-9787|doi=10.5539/jgg.v5n4p29|url=http://prism.ucalgary.ca//bitstream/1880/50191/1/2013_CCSEJournalofGeographyandGeology_Holden.pdf|doi-access=free}}</ref> |- |[[Bangladesh Liberation War]] |300,000–3,000,000+ |1971 |India and Bangladesh vs. Pakistan |Bangladesh |<ref name="MathewWhite">Matthew White's ''[http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century]''</ref> – Also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence |- |[[Ethiopian Civil War]] |500,000–1,500,000 |1974–1991 |Derg, PEDR, and Cuba vs. Anti-Communist rebel groups |Ethiopia | |- |[[Angolan Civil War]] |504,158+ |1975–2002 |MPLA and Cuba vs. UNITA and South Africa |Angola | |- |[[Lebanese Civil War]] |120,000–150,000 |1975–1990 |Various groups |Lebanon | |- |[[Insurgency in Laos]] |100,000+ |1975–2007 |Laos and Vietnam vs. "Secret army" and Hmong people |Laos |<ref>{{cite book |title=Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900 |isbn=9783825840105 |last=Rummel |first=Rudolph Joseph |publisher=LIT Verlag |location=Münster |date=1998 |page=314 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LFDWp7O9_dIC&pg=PA314 |chapter=Table 15.1: Lesser Murdering States, Quasi-States, and Groups |chapter-url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB15.1D.GIF}}</ref> |- |[[Ogaden War]] |60,000 |1977–1978 |Ethiopia and Cuba vs. Somalia |Ethiopia |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.urrib2000.narod.ru/Etiopia.html|title=La Fuerza Aérea de Cuba en la Guerra de Etiopía (Ogadén) • Rubén Urribarres|website=Aviación Cubana • Rubén Urribarres}}</ref> |- |[[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|Afghanistan conflict]] |1,400,000–2,500,000 |1978–present |see [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|Afghanistan conflict]] |Afghanistan |<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 |title=Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond ... |publisher=ABC-CLIO |access-date=19 February 2015 |last=Dowling |first=Timothy C. |isbn=9781598849486 |date=2014 |page=7}}</ref> |- |[[Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)|Kurdish–Turkish conflict]] |45,000+ |1978–present |Turkey vs. KCK |Middle East |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/74132-erdogan-rules-out-amnesty-for-kurdish-rebels|title=Erdogan Rules Out Amnesty for Kurdish Rebels|work=Naharnet}}</ref> – Part of the [[Kurdish rebellions in Turkey]] |- |[[Soviet–Afghan War]] |600,000–2,000,000 |1979–1989 |Soviet Union and Afghanistan vs. Insurgent groups |Afghanistan |<ref>{{cite book |last=Isby |first=David |title=Russia's war in Afghanistan |publisher=Osprey |location=London |year=1986 |isbn=9780850456912}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hz5NzJtg48kC&pg=PA115 |title=War, Politics and Society in Afghanistan, 1978–1992 |publisher=Hurst |year=2000 |last=Giustozzi |first=Antonio |isbn=9781850653967}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Afghanistan: Demographic consequences of war, 1978–1987 |last=Khalidi |first=Noor Ahmad |pages=101–126 |url=http://www.nonel.pu.ru/erdferkel/khalidi.pdf |volume=10 |issue=3 |journal=Central Asian Survey |date=1991 |doi=10.1080/02634939108400750|pmid=12317412 }}</ref> – Part of [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|War in Afghanistan]] |- |[[Salvadoran Civil War]] |70,000–80,000 |1979–1992 |El Salvador vs. FMLN |El Salvador |<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.derechos.org/nizkor/salvador/informes/truth.html |title=Report of the UN Truth Commission on El Salvador |publisher=United Nations |date=April 1, 1993}}</ref><ref>{{citation|author=Andrews Bounds |date=2001 |series=El Salvador: History |title=South America, Central America and The Caribbean 2002 |edition=10a |location=London |publisher=Routledge |pages=384 |isbn=978-1-85743-121-6}}</ref> |- |[[Iran–Iraq War]] |500,000-1,500,000 |1980–1988 |Iran and allies vs. Iraq and allies |Middle East |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran-Iraq War {{!}} Causes, Summary, Casualties, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Iran-Iraq-War|access-date=2021-09-02|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|quote=Estimates of total casualties range from 1,000,000 to twice that number. The number killed on both sides was perhaps 500,000, with Iran suffering the greatest losses.}}</ref> |- |[[Internal conflict in Peru]] |70,000+ |1980–present |Peru vs. PCP-SL and MRTA |Peru |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26969355|title=Peru Shining Path Arrests: 24 Seized|work=BBC News|date=10 April 2014|access-date=9 December 2014}}</ref> |- |[[Ugandan Bush War]] |100,000–500,000 |1981–1986 |ULNF and Tanzania vs. National Resistance Army |Uganda |<ref>Eckhardt, William, in World Military and Social Expenditures 1987–88 (12th ed., 1987) by [[Ruth Leger Sivard]].</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Henry |last=Wasswa |title=Uganda's first prime minister, and two-time president, dead at 80 |agency=Associated Press |date=October 10, 2005}}</ref> – Also known as the Luwero War |- |[[Second Sudanese Civil War]] |1,000,000–2,000,000 |1983–2005 |Sudan vs. South Sudanese rebels |Sudan | |- |[[Sri Lankan Civil War]] |80,000–100,000 |1983–2009 |Sri Lanka vs. Tamil Tigers |Sri Lanka |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-05-20/up-to-100000-killed-in-sri-lankas-civil-war-un/1689524|title=Up to 100,000 killed in Sri Lanka's civil war: UN|work=ABC News|date=20 May 2009}}</ref> |- |[[Somali Civil War]] |300,000–500,000 |1986–present |Varying Somali governments vs. insurgent groups |Somalia |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c300k.htm#Somalia|title=Twentieth Century Atlas&nbsp;– Death Tolls and Casualty Statistics for Wars, Dictatorships and Genocides|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics|access-date=April 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name="UCDPDatasets">{{cite journal|last1=Allansson|first1=Marie|last2=Melander|first2=Erik|last3=Themnér|first3=Lotta|title=Organized violence, 1989–2016|journal=Journal of Peace Research|volume=54|issue=4|year=2017|pages=574–587|issn=0022-3433|doi=10.1177/0022343317718773|doi-access=free}}</ref> |- |[[Lord's Resistance Army insurgency]] |100,000–500,000 |1987–present |Lord's Resistance Army vs. Central African states |Central Africa |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ploughshares.ca/pl_armedconflict/uganda-1987-2010/#Deaths|title=Uganda (1987– 2010)|access-date=26 February 2015}}</ref> |- |[[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]] |50,000+ |1988–present |Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh Separatist forces and allies vs. Azerbaijan |Azerbaijan |– Also known as the Armenian Separatist invasion |- |[[Gulf War]] |25,500–40,500 |1990–1991 |Iraq vs. Coalition Forces |Iraq |– Also known as the First Iraq War |- |[[Algerian Civil War]] |44,000–200,000 |1991–2002 |Algeria vs. FIS loyalists vs. GIA |Algeria |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/attacks-raise-spectre-of-civil-war/news-story/ea2ab98a0b83a53b35751c24808c45bf |title=Attacks raise spectre of civil war |last=Sage |first=Adam |date=December 12, 2007 |work=The Australian}}</ref> |- |[[Bosnian War]] |97,000–105,000 |1991–1995 |Bosnia and Herzegovinian governments and allies vs. Republika Srpska and allies |Bosnia | |- |[[1991 Iraqi uprisings]] |85,000–235,000 |1991 |Iraq vs various rebels |Iraq |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2006/jun/05/world/fg-graves5|title=2 Mass Graves in Iraq Unearthed|last=Moore|first=Solomon|date=5 June 2006|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/aug/22/iraq.ianblack|title='Chemical Ali' on trial for brutal crushing of Shia uprising|last=Black|first=Ian|date=21 August 2007|work=The Guardian|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/Iraq926.htm |title=Endless Torment: The 1991 Uprising in Iraq And Its Aftermath |date=June 1992 |isbn=1-56432-069-3 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |location=US}}</ref> – Also known as the Sha'aban Intifada |- |[[Sierra Leone Civil War]] |50,000–300,000 |1991–2002 |see [[Sierra Leone Civil War]] |Sierra Leone | |- |[[Burundian Civil War]] |300,000+ |1993–2005 |Burundi vs. Hutu rebels vs. Tutsi rebels |Burundi |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7354005.stm|title=Heavy shelling in Burundi capital|date=18 April 2008|work=BBC News}}</ref> |- |[[First Congo War]] |250,000–800,000 |1996–1997 |Zaire and allies vs. AFDL and allies |Congo | |- |[[Second Congo War]] |2,500,000–5,400,000 |1998–2003 |See [[Second Congo War]] |Central Africa |<ref>{{cite web |last=Brennan |first=Richard |url=http://www.theirc.org/news/latest/inside-congo-an-unspeakable.html |title=Inside Congo, An Unspeakable Toll |publisher=Theirc.org |date=2006-07-16 |access-date=2011-01-24 |archive-date=2008-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220095807/http://www.theirc.org/news/latest/inside-congo-an-unspeakable.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=James Astill in Bukavu |author2=Isabelle Chevallot |name-list-style=amp|url=https://www.theguardian.com/congo/story/0,12292,932034,00.html |title=Conflict in Congo has killed 4.7m, charity says |work=Guardian |date=2003-04-08|access-date=2011-01-24 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1713275,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215193321/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1713275,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 15, 2008|title=Come Back, Colonialism, All Is Forgiven|date=14 February 2008|magazine=Time}}</ref><ref name="LacinaEtAl">{{cite journal |first1=Bethany |last1=Lacina |first2=Nils Petter |last2=Gleditsch |url=http://www.eui.eu/Documents/DepartmentsCentres/SPS/Seminars/SeminarsF09/PVSEMF08/LacinaGleditschMonitoringTrendsInGlobalCombatEJP2005.pdf |title=Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths |journal=European Journal of Population |date=2005 |volume=21 |issue=2–3 |pages=145–166|doi=10.1007/s10680-005-6851-6|s2cid=14344770 }}</ref> – Also known as the Great War of Africa |- |[[Ituri conflict]] |60,000+ |1999–2003 |Lendu Tribe vs. Hemu Tribe and allies |Congo |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6158331.stm |title=Eastern DR Congo rebels to disarm |work=BBC News |last=Allen |first=Karen |date=30 November 2006 |access-date=12 May 2018}}</ref> – Part of the [[Second Congo War]] |- |[[War on terror]] |272,000–1,260,000 |2001–present |Anti-Terrorist Forces vs. Terrorist groups |Worldwide |<ref name="digitaljournal">{{cite report |title=Casualty Figures after 10 Years of the "War on Terror": Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan |url=http://www.ippnw.de/commonFiles/pdfs/Frieden/Body_Count_first_international_edition_2015_final.pdf |isbn=978-3-9817315-0-7 |publisher=International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War |date=March 2015}}</ref><ref name="costsofwar">{{cite web|url=http://costsofwar.org/sites/default/files/HMCHART_2.pdf|title=Human costs of war: Direct war death in Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan October 2001 – February 2013|date=February 2013|work=Costs of War|access-date=14 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430155253/http://costsofwar.org/sites/default/files/HMCHART_2.pdf|archive-date=30 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="update">[http://www.opinion.co.uk/Newsroom_details.aspx?NewsId=88 "Update on Iraqi Casualty Data"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201144355/http://www.opinion.co.uk/Newsroom_details.aspx?NewsId=88|date=2008-02-01}} by [[Opinion Research Business]]. January 2008.</ref><ref name="orb2008jan28">[http://www.opinion.co.uk/Documents/Revised%20Casulaty%20Data%20-%20Press%20release.doc "Revised Casualty Analysis. New Analysis 'Confirms' 1 Million+ Iraq Casualties"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219212651/http://www.opinion.co.uk/Documents/Revised%20Casulaty%20Data%20-%20Press%20release.doc|date=2009-02-19}}. January 28, 2008. [[Opinion Research Business]]. [http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=3657ce88-7cfa-457a-9aec-f4f827f20cac Word Viewer for.doc files].</ref> – Also known as the Global War on Terrorism |- |[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]] |212,191+ |2001–2021 |See [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]] |Afghanistan |<ref name="costsofwar" /> – Part of the [[War on Terror]] and [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|Afghanistan conflict]] |- |[[Iraq War]] |405,000–654,965 |2003–2011 |See [[Iraq War]] |Iraq |<ref name="update" /><ref name="orb2008jan28" /><ref name="costsofwar" /> – Also known as the Second Gulf War – Part of the [[War on Terror]] See: [[Casualties of the Iraq War]] |- |[[War in Darfur]] |300,000+ |2003–present |SRF and allies vs. Sudan and allies vs. UNAMID |Sudan |<ref>{{cite journal|title=Patterns of mortality rates in Darfur conflict|last1=Degomme|first1=Olivier|last2=Guha-Sapir|first2=Debarati|date=23 January 2010|journal=The Lancet|volume=375|issue=9711|pages=294–300|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61967-X|pmid=20109956|s2cid=24643946}}</ref> |- |[[Kivu conflict|Kivu Conflict]] |100,000+ |2004–present |see [[Kivu conflict|Kivu Conflict]] |Congo |– Part of the [[Second Congo War]] |- |[[Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] |45,900–79,000 |2004–2017 |Pakistan, USA, and UK vs. Terrorist groups |Pakistan |<ref name="costsofwar" /> – Also known as the War in Waziristan – Part of the [[War on Terror]] and [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]] |- |[[Mexican drug war]] |200,000–400,000+ |2006–present |Mexico vs. Drug cartels |Mexico |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/mexicos-crime-wave-has-left-up-to-25000-missing-government-documents-show/2012/11/29/7ca4ee44-3a6a-11e2-9258-ac7c78d5c680_story.html|title=Mexico's crime wave has left about 25,000 missing, government documents show|author=Booth, William|date=20 November 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=26 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2013/03/201333042622382309.html|title=Shooting at Mexico bar leaves many dead|date=30 March 2013|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=26 July 2013}}</ref> – Also known as the Mexican War on Drugs |- |[[Boko Haram insurgency]] |350,000+ |2009–present |Multinational Joint Task Force vs. Boko Haram |Nigeria |2,400,000 [[Internally displaced persons|internally displaced]] |- |[[Syrian civil war]] |499,000–610,000+ |2011–present |Syrian Arab Republic vs. Republic of Syria vs. ISIL vs. Syrian Democratic Forces |Syria |See: [[Casualties of the Syrian civil war]] |- |[[Rojava–Islamist conflict]] |50,000+ |2013–present |Syrian Democratic Forces vs. Islamic States of Iraq and Levant vs. al-Nusra Front |Syria |100,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Sep-21/271407-syria-refugee-flood-to-turkey-hits-100000.ashx#axzz3DwXZNAOv|title=Syria refugee flood to Turkey hits 100,000|work=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|access-date=5 November 2014|archive-date=5 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105210720/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Sep-21/271407-syria-refugee-flood-to-turkey-hits-100000.ashx#axzz3DwXZNAOv|url-status=dead}}</ref> Syrian Kurds fleeing to Turkey |- |[[War in Iraq (2013–2017)]] |195,000–200,000+ |2013–2017 |Iraq and allies vs. ISIL |Iraq | |- | [[Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)|Yemeni Civil War]] | 377,000+ | 2014–present | Yemen's Supreme Political Council vs. Hadi Government, Saudi-led Coalition and the UAE-backed Southern Movement vs Al-Qaeda | Yemen | UNDP estimate for the end of 2021. 60% attributable to hunger and disease. Also part of the Arab Winter. |- | [[Tigray War]] | 300,000–500,000 (Including [[Famine in the Tigray War|famine]] victims, per [[Ghent University]])<ref>{{Cite news |title=Analysis {{!}} The World's Deadliest War Isn't in Ukraine, But in Ethiopia |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/the-worlds-deadliest-war-isnt-in-ukraine-but-in-ethiopia/2022/03/22/eaf4b83c-a9b6-11ec-8a8e-9c6e9fc7a0de_story.html |access-date=2022-03-23 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-tigray-war-has-seen-up-to-half-a-million-dead-from-violence-and/|title=Tigray war has seen up to half a million dead from violence and starvation, say researchers|work=The Globe and Mail|date=14 March 2022}}</ref> | 2020–present | [[United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces|UFEFCF]] vs. Ethiopian and Eritrean Government | Ethiopia (Tigray, Afar and Amhara Regions) | Part of the [[Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)|Ethiopian civil conflict]]. |} | [[Russo-Ukrainian War]] [[Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War|(outline)]] | 200,000+ | 2014–present | Russia vs. Ukraine | Ukraine | Estimates of deaths vary widely.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/reliable-death-tolls-from-the-ukraine-war-are-hard-to-come-by-the-result-of-undercounts-and-manipulation-179905|title=Reliable death tolls from the Ukraine war are hard to come by – the result of undercounts and manipulation|first=Neta C.|last=Crawford|website=The Conversation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/counting-the-dead-in-ukraine/|title=Counting the Dead in Ukraine|first=Sanjana|last=Varghese|date=May 4, 2022}}</ref> === Yakunan Zamani da adadin mace-mace kasa da 25,000 === * 22,211 – [[Croatian War of Independence]] (1991–1995)<ref>{{cite news| author=Zebić, Enis| title=Ljudski gubici u ratu u Hrvatskoj: 22.211 osoba |work=Radio Free Europe| url=https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/hrvatska-ljutski-gubici/28976312.html| language=hr| trans-title=Human Casualties in the Croatian War: 22,211 Persons | date=15 January 2018| access-date=17 December 2019}}</ref> * 22,000+ – [[Dominican Restoration War]] (1863–1865){{efn|One estimate placed total Spanish deaths from all causes at 18,000. The fatal losses among the Dominican insurgents were estimated at 4,000.<ref name="clodfelter" />}} * 21,000+ – [[Six-Day War]] (1967)<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www1.american.edu/cgp/pdf/hicks.pdf|title=The Human Rights of Kurds in the Islamic Republic of Iran|last=Hicks|first=Neil|date=April 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807060312/http://www1.american.edu/cgp/pdf/hicks.pdf|archive-date=7 August 2011}}</ref> * 20,068 – [[Reform War]] (1857–1860) * 20,000+ – [[Yaqui Wars]] (1533–1929)<ref name="Nash" /> * 20,000+ – [[War of the Quadruple Alliance]] (1718–1720)<ref name="clodfelter" /> * 20,000+ – [[Ragamuffin War]] (1835–1845)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s50JnG7BzLAC|title=Exiles, allies, rebels : Brazil's indianist movement, indigenist politics, and the imperial nation-state|last=Treece|first=Dave|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-313-31125-3|location=Westport, Conn}}</ref> * 20,000+ – [[Italo-Turkish War]] (1911–1912)<ref name="Nash" /> * 20,000 – [[Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729)]]<ref name="Nash" /> * 19,619+ – [[Rhodesian Bush War]] (1964–1979) * 19,000+ – [[Mexican–American War]] (1846–1848)<ref name="Nash" /> * 18,069–20,069 – [[First Opium War]] (1839–1842)<ref name="martin">[[Robert Montgomery Martin|Martin, Robert Montgomery]] (1847). ''China: Political, Commercial, and Social; In an Official Report to Her Majesty's Government''. Volume 2. James Madden. pp. 81–82.</ref> * 17,294+ – [[1940–44 insurgency in Chechnya]] (1940–1944) * 17,200+ – [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] (1839–1842)<ref>{{cite book|url=http://countrystudies.us/afghanistan/index.htm|title=Afghanistan: A Country Study|date=2001|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|GPO]]|editor-last=Blood|editor-first=Peter R.|location=Washington|chapter=The First Anglo-Afghan War|chapter-url=http://countrystudies.us/afghanistan/13.htm}}</ref> * 16,765–17,065 – [[Balochistan conflict]] (1948–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/warstat6.htm#Pathan|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/Balochistan/index.html|title=Balochistan Assessment - 2017|website=www.satp.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article4120|title=Balochistan: Pakistan's internal war – Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières}}</ref> * 16,000+ – [[War of the Pacific]] (1879–1883) * 16,000+ – [[Nepalese Civil War]] (1996–2006) * 16,000+ – [[Spanish–American War]] (1898)<ref name="Nash" /> * 15,200–15,300 – [[Peasants' War (1798)]] – Part of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] * 15,000+ – [[Nigerian Sharia conflict]] (2009–present)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1630089.stm|title=Analysis: Behind Nigeria's violence|last=Isaacs|first=Dan|date=5 May 2004|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gzl2_TiUNy_W4vqIC3NZSasnA5HA|title=Curfew relaxed in Nigeria's violence-wracked city: army|date=25 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100128055533/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gzl2_TiUNy_W4vqIC3NZSasnA5HA|archive-date=28 January 2010|url-status=dead|agency=AFP}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8555018.stm|title='Hundreds dead' in Nigeria attack|date=8 March 2010|work=BBC News}}</ref> * 15,000 – [[Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)]] * 14,460–14,922 – [[South African Border War]] (1966–1990) * 14,077–22,077 – [[Mau Mau Uprising]] (1952–1960) * 13,929+ – [[Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)]]<ref name="UCDPDatasets" /> * 13,812+ – [[Naxalite-Maoist insurgency]] (1967–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/aljazeeracorrespondent/2011/10/20111019124251679523.html|title=India's Silent War|author=Al Jazeera Correspondent|access-date=2013-04-14|archive-date=2019-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525032758/https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/aljazeeracorrespondent/2011/10/20111019124251679523.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/ar0304-Eng.pdf|title=Annual Report 2003–2004: Departments of Internal Security, Jammu & Kashmir Affairs, Border Management, States and Home|publisher=Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203045957/http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/ar0304-Eng.pdf|archive-date=3 February 2013}}</ref> * 13,100–34,000 – [[Kurdish separatism in Iran]] (1918–present)<ref name=":0" /> * 13,073–26,373 – [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]] (1948–1949)<ref name=politics>{{cite book|author=Adam M. Garfinkle|title=Politics and Society in Modern Israel: Myths and Realities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=si1oUnk5N3QC&pg=PA61|year=2000|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-0514-6|page=61}}</ref> * 11,500–12,843 – [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] – Part of the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] * 10,700–14,300 – [[Yom Kippur War]] (1973)<ref name="remilitari4">{{Cite web|url=http://remilitari.com/guias/victimario4.htm|title=De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios|website=remilitari.com}}</ref> * 10,000+ – [[Assam separatist movements]] (1979–present) * 10,000+ – [[Malayan Emergency]] (1948–1960)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/my_polic.html|title=Royal Malaysian Police (Malaysia)|publisher=Crwflags.com|access-date=3 January 2014}}</ref> * 10,000+ – [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|War in Donbas]]<ref name="OHCHR">{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20496&LangID=E|title=Situation in eastern Ukraine worsening, says UN report|date=15 September 2016|publisher=OHCHR|access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref> [[Russo-Ukrainian War|– Part of the]] [[Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present)]] * 10,000+ – [[Rwandan Civil War]] (1990–1994) * 10,000+ – [[First Italo-Ethiopian War]] (1894–1896)<ref name="Nash" /> * 10,000+ – [[Second Melillan campaign]] (1909)<ref name="Nash" /> * 10,000+ – [[Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60)]]<ref name="Nash" /> * 10,000+ – [[Spanish conquest of Tripoli (1510)|Spanish conquest of Tripoli]] (1510)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgQNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA85|title=The Papacy and the Levant : 1204–1571|last=Setton|first=Kenneth|publisher=American Philosophical Society|year=1976|isbn=978-0-87169-161-3|volume=3|location=Philadelphia, PA|page=85}}</ref> * 9,400+ – [[Libyan Civil War (2011)]] (2011)<ref name="revolutioncasualties">{{cite news|last=Black|first=Ian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/08/libyan-revolution-casualties-lower-expected-government |title=Libyan revolution casualties lower than expected, says new government |publisher=Guardian |date= 8 January 2013|access-date=2013-10-02 |location=London}}</ref> * 8,136+ – [[Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iraqbodycount.org/database/|title=Iraq Body Count|website=www.iraqbodycount.org}}</ref> * 7,500–21,741 – [[War of 1812]] (1812–1815)<ref name=Nash /><ref name="historyguy.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.historyguy.com/war_of_1812_statistics.htm|title=War of 1812 Statistics|work=historyguy.com|access-date=September 4, 2016}}</ref> * 7,400–16,200 – [[Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)]] (2015–present) * 7,050+ - [[Portuguese conquest of Goa]] (1510)<ref>Gaspar Correia (1558–1563) Lendas da Índia, 1864 edition, Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa, book II p.94.</ref> * 7,104+ – [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]] (1947–1949)<ref name="Kargil from Surprise to Victory">{{Cite book|title=Kargil from Surprise to Victory|last=Malik|first=V. P.|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India|year=2010|isbn=9789350293133|edition=paperback|page=343}}</ref> * 7,000+ – [[Chadian Civil War (2005–10)]] (2005–2010)<ref>Vicenç Fisas. ''[http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/programas/procesos/09anuarie.pdf Anuario 2009 de procesos de paz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191034/http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/programas/procesos/09anuarie.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}''. Barcelona: Icaria Editorial, pp. 75. {{ISBN|978-84-9888-076-2}}.</ref> * 6,800–13,459 – [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] (1965) * 6,859+ – [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]] (2020–present) * 5,641–6,991 - [[Opposition–ISIL conflict during the Syrian Civil War]] ( 2014–present ) * 6,543+ – [[South Thailand insurgency]] (2004–present)<ref name="Bangkok2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/security/815372/insurgency-claimed-6543-lives-in-last-12-years|title=Insurgency claimed 6,543 lives in last 12 years |publisher=[[Bangkok Post]]|date=January 4, 2016|access-date=February 29, 2016}}</ref> * 6,295+ – [[Central African Republic conflict]] (2012–present) * 5,641+ – [[Sudanese nomadic conflicts]] (2009–present)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2010/01/07/idUKLDE6060ZB._CH_.2420 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726030414/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2010/01/07/idUKLDE6060ZB._CH_.2420 |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 July 2012 |work=Reuters |title=TIMELINE-Violence spirals in south Sudan |date=7 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/06/world/africa/in-south-sudan-massacre-of-3000-is-reported.html |work=The New York Times |first=Jeffrey |last=Gettleman |title=In South Sudan, Massacre of 3,000 Is Reported |date=5 January 2012}}</ref> * 5,100+ – [[Gaza–Israel conflict]] (2006–present) – Part of the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]] * 5,000+ – [[Casamance conflict]] (1982–2014)<ref>{{cite news |title=Casamance: no peace after thirty years of war |author=Bacary Domingo Mané |date=13 January 2011 |work=Guin Guin Bali |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103013015/http://www.guinguinbali.com/index.php?lang=en&mod=news&task=view_news&cat=3&id=1392 |url=http://www.guinguinbali.com/index.php?lang=en&mod=news&task=view_news&cat=3&id=1392 |archive-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> * 5,000+ – [[Chilean Civil War of 1891]] (1891)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/wars19c.htm|title=Nineteenth Century Death Tolls |website=Necrometrics|first=Matthew|last=White|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> * 5,000+ – [[Cuban Revolution]] (1953–1959)<ref>Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson (1997). ''International Conflict: A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management, 1945–1995''. Congressional Quarterly.</ref> * 5,000 – [[War of the Reunions]] (1683–1684) * 4,715+ – [[Libyan Civil War (2014–present)]] (2014–present) * 4,275 – [[Dominican Civil War]] (1965)<ref>{{cite web |title=Congressional Bills 117th Congress |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-117hr2725ih/html/BILLS-117hr2725ih.htm |website=[[GovInfo]]}}</ref> * 4,200+ – [[Shifta War]] (1963–1967)<ref>{{Citation|last=Bercovitch|first=Jacob|title=From Conflict Management to Conflict Resolution: The Problem-Solving Approach|date=2019-07-15|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429306259-2|work=Social Conflicts and Third Parties|pages=19–35|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9780429306259-2|isbn=978-0-429-30625-9|s2cid=208122778|access-date=2021-07-02}}</ref> * 4,000–10,000 – [[Conflict in the Niger Delta]] (2004–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ploughshares.ca/libraries/ACRText/ACR-Nigeria.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010001137/http://www.ploughshares.ca/libraries/ACRText/ACR-Nigeria.html|title=Armed Conflicts Report – Nigeria|archive-date=10 October 2006}}</ref> * 4,000 – [[War of Devolution]] (1667–1668) * 3,699+ – [[Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen]] (1992–present)<ref name="UCDPDatasets" /> * 3,552+ – [[First Schleswig War]] (1848–1852) * 3,529+ – [[The Troubles|The Northern Ireland Troubles]] (1966–1998)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/sutton/tables/Status_Summary.html|title=CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths|website=cain.ulster.ac.uk}}</ref> * 3,366+ – [[Insurgency in the North Caucasus]] (2009–2017)<ref>{{cite news|title=Infographics. Total number of victims in Northern Caucasus in 2010–2014 under the data of the Caucasian Knot|url=http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/30858/|work=Caucasian Knot|date=19 February 2015|access-date=12 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112075631/http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/30858/|archive-date=12 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 3,270+ – [[Second Schleswig War]] (1864) * 3,222–3,722 – [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956]] (1956) * 3,144+ – [[Allied Democratic Forces insurgency]] (1996–present) * 3,114+ – [[1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine]] (1947–1948) – Part of the [[1948 Palestine war]] * 3,007+ – [[War of the Golden Stool]] (1900){{citation needed|date=December 2016}} * 3,000–6,000 – [[Negro Rebellion]] (1912)<ref>{{cite web|author=Garcia, Pedro Antonio|url=http://www.afrocubaweb.com/history/lamasacreracista.htm|title=Over three thousand black and mulatto Cubans killed in this act of force of the great national bourgeoisie|work=Afro Cuba Web |date=2 July 2007|access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Escamilla, Luis|url=http://www.blackpast.org/?q=gah/partido-de-independiente-de-color-cuba-1908-1912|title=Partido de independiente de color (Cuba, 1908–1912)|work=Black Past |date=28 May 2013|access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref> * 3,000–5,000 – [[Croatian-Slovene Peasant Revolt]] (1573) {{sfn|Čečuk|1960|p=500}} * 3,000+ – [[Second Ivorian Civil War]] (2010–2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://observers.france24.com/content/20120110-first-ever-video-proof-suspected-gbagbo-militants-brutal-murder-ouattara-abobo-abidjan|title=First-ever video proof documenting murder of suspected Gbagbo militants|work=The France 24 Observers|access-date=2013-04-18|archive-date=2015-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605071624/http://observers.france24.com/content/20120110-first-ever-video-proof-suspected-gbagbo-militants-brutal-murder-ouattara-abobo-abidjan|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 3,000+ – [[Dominican War of Independence]] (1844) * 3,000+ – [[Banana Wars]] (1914–1933)<ref name=Gruhl /> * 2,944+ – [[Insurgency in the Maghreb]] (2004–present) * 2,800+ – [[Northern Mali conflict]] (2012–present) * 2,781+ – [[Iranian Revolution]] (1978–1979)<ref>{{cite news |title=A Question of Numbers |url=http://www.emadbaghi.com/en/archives/000592.php |date=8 August 2003 |last=Kadivar |first=Cyrus |work=Rouzegar-Now}}</ref> * 2,751+ – [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]] (1919)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/alpha/afguk1919.htm|title=Armed Conflict Year Index|access-date=2013-05-04|archive-date=2012-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406092124/http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/alpha/afguk1919.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2,557+ – [[Sudan internal conflict (2011–present)]] (2011–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiodabanga.org/|title=Home – Radio Dabanga|access-date=31 October 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015171527/https://www.radiodabanga.org/|archive-date=15 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/UN-report-1-500-killed-and-73-000,40053 |title=UN report: 1,500 killed and 73,000 displaced in S. Sudan conflicts – Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan |access-date=31 October 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129150344/http://www.sudantribune.com/UN-report-1-500-killed-and-73-000%2C40053 |archive-date=29 November 2011}}</ref><ref name="DailyTimes – Your Right To Know">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\10\17\story_17-10-2012_pg4_5|title=DailyTimes – Your Right To Know|access-date=2017-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024033442/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C10%5C17%5Cstory_17-10-2012_pg4_5|archive-date=2012-10-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2,394+ – [[Sinai insurgency]] (2011–present)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-33340458|title=Egypt's Sinai rocked by wave of deadly attacks|work=BBC News|date=July 2015|access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> * 2,300+ – [[Conflict in the Niger Delta]] (2003–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ploughshares.ca/pl_armedconflict/nigeria-1990-first-combat-deaths/#Deaths|title=Nigeria (1990 – first combat deaths)|access-date=21 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acleddata.com/data/version-6-data-1997-2015/|title=ACLED Version 6 (1997–2015)|access-date=21 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118142350/http://www.acleddata.com/data/version-6-data-1997-2015/|archive-date=18 January 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> * 2,221–2,406 – [[2014 Israel–Gaza conflict]] (2014) – Part of the [[Gaza–Israel conflict]] * 2,150+ – [[Persian Expedition of 1796]] (1796) * 2,096+ – [[Aden Emergency]] (1963–1967) * 2,054+ – [[South Yemen insurgency]] (2009–2015) *~2,014 – [[Irish War of Independence]] (1919–1921) * 2,000–3,800 - [[Albanian Civil War]] (1997) * 2,000+ – [[Costa Rican Civil War]] (1948) * 2,000+ – [[Six-Day War (2000)]] (2000)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ugandacorrespondent.com/articles/2010/09/revealed-2000-updf-troops-died-in-kisangani/ |title=Revealed: 2,000 UPDF troops died in Kisangani |last=Otim |first=Dennis |date=6 September 2010 |access-date=22 April 2018 |work=Uganda Corresponden}}</ref> * 2,000+ – [[2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes]] (2010)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://polit.ru/news/2010/06/12/1000/|title="Комсомольская правда": в Оше тысячи погибших, беспорядки начинаются в Джалал-Абаде|website=polit.ru|access-date=2023-01-14|archive-date=2023-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114065316/https://polit.ru/news/2010/06/12/1000/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fergananews.com/news.php?id=14964|title=Президент Узбекского национально-культурного центра Кыргызской Республики обратился с открытым письмо к Исламу Каримову|website=Фергана - международное агентство новостей}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?|title=Отунбаева, зачем врать? Число погибших на юге Киргизии превысило две тысячи человек – ЦентрАзия|access-date=2013-04-29|archive-date=2019-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709030656/http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2,000 – [[Iran crisis of 1946]] (1946)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.systemicpeace.org/warlist.htm|title=CSP - Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946-2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121015442/http://www.systemicpeace.org/warlist.htm|archive-date=January 21, 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=2013-11-14}}</ref> * 1,810+ – [[Anglo-Iraqi War]] (1941) – Part of [[World War II]] * 1,774+ – [[Lapland War]] (1944–1945) – Part of [[World War II]] * 1,648 – [[Sinaloa Cartel-Gulf Cartel conflict]] ( 2003–present ) * 1,643–2,237 – [[Transnistria War]] (1992)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nr2.ru/pmr/90227.html|title=Страница не найдена}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nr2.ru/pmr/96375.html|title=Страница не найдена|access-date=2013-04-29|archive-date=2014-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180400/http://www.nr2.ru/pmr/96375.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olvia.idknet.com/ol166-12-06.htm|title=ВОЗРОЖДЕННОМУ В ПРИДНЕСТРОВЬЕ|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503235314/http://olvia.idknet.com/ol166-12-06.htm|archive-date=2007-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://monumente.md/|title=MONUMENTE.MD: Памятники из натурального гранита|website=monumente.md}}</ref> * 1,561 – [[Islamic State-related terrorist attacks in Turkey]] (2013–present) * 1,500+ – [[Irish Civil War]] (1922–1923) * 1,480 – [[Ifni War]] (1957–1958)<ref name="remilitari4"/> * 1,449+ – [[M23 rebellion]] (2012–2013) – Part of the [[Kivu Conflict]] * 1,444 – [[Taliban-ISIL conflict in Afghanistan]] ( 2015–present ) * 1,300+ – [[Allied Democratic Forces insurgency]] (1996–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/07/201371371842756837.html|title=Congo refugees pour into Uganda after attack|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=13 July 2013|access-date=21 July 2013}}</ref> * 1,295+ – [[Siachen conflict]] (1984–present) * 1,229+ – [[Basque conflict]] (1959–2011)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euskonews.com/0256zbk/gaia25604_01.html |title=Datos significativos del conflicto Vasco, 1968–2003 |language=es |publisher=Eusko Ikaskuntza |date=18 January 2016}}</ref> * 1,227–5,600 – [[Kargil War]] (1999)<ref>{{cite web |title=Kargil war brings into sharp focus India's commitment to peace |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |url=http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2000/fjul2000/f210720001.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228075220/http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2000/fjul2000/f210720001.html |archive-date=28 February 2017 |access-date=23 May 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianarmy.nic.in/martyrs/home.jsp?operation=28&hidrecord=10&FormBugs_Page=1#Form|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222013826/http://www.indianarmy.nic.in/martyrs/home.jsp?operation=28&hidrecord=10&FormBugs_Page=1#Form|title=Indian Army-Martyrs Home Page|archive-date=22 December 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529140050/http://greaterkashmir.com/news/2013/Feb/1/musharraf-claims-kargil-was-a-big-success-militarily-for-pak-46.asp |url=http://greaterkashmir.com/news/2013/Feb/1/musharraf-claims-kargil-was-a-big-success-militarily-for-pak-46.asp |archive-date=29 May 2013 |date=1 February 2013 |title=Musharraf claims Kargil was a big success militarily for Pak |work=Greater Kashmir |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/2003/08/17/stories/2003081702900800.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031003114303/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2003/08/17/stories/2003081702900800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 October 2003 |location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Over 4,000 soldiers killed in Kargil: Sharif |date=17 August 2003}}</ref> * 1,000–1,500 – [[Cabinda conflict]] (1994–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://igcsforum.org/showthread.php?t=1729|title=Angola-Cabinda (1994 – first combat deaths) Update: January 2007 – The Institute For Global Church Studies (IGCS) Forum|access-date=31 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302005251/http://igcsforum.org/showthread.php?t=1729|archive-date=2 March 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> * 1,000+ – [[Djiboutian Civil War]] (1991–1994) * 1,000+ – [[1991–92 South Ossetia War]] (1991–1992)<ref>{{cite report |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UNTC/UNPAN019224.pdf |title=Georgia: Avoiding war in South Ossetia |date=26 November 2004 |publisher=International Crisis Group |access-date=29 April 2013 |archive-date=30 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630224302/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UNTC/UNPAN019224.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 1,000+ – [[Xinjiang conflict]] (1960–present) * 1,000+ – [[Chincha Islands War]] (1864–1866)<ref name="Nash" /> * 1,000+ – [[Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict]] (2015–present) – Part of the [[Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)]] * 1,000 – [[Second Mafia War]] (1980-1983) * 907 – [[Falklands War]] (1982)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-34252025|title=Argentine Falklands War troops 'tortured by their own side'|work=BBC News|date=14 September 2015}}</ref> * 898 – [[Barbary Wars]] (1801–1815) * 864 – [[Jamaican political conflict]] (1943–present) * 850 – [[Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon]] (2011–2017) – Part of the [[Syrian Civil War]] * 846 – [[2011 Egyptian revolution]] (2011) * 808 – [[Sino-Russian border conflicts]] (1652–1689) * 789–1,874 – [[2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff]] (2001–2002) * 771 – [[Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)]] (2013–present) * 740 – [[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation]] (1963–1966)<ref>{{cite book|last=Carver|first=Michael|year=1986|chapter=Conventional Warfare in the Nuclear Age|editor-last=Paret|editor-first=Peter|title=The Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age|location=Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-02764-7|page=806}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Pimlott|editor-first=John|year=1984|title=British Military Operations 1945–1985|publisher=Bison|location=London|isbn=978-0-86124-147-7|page=99}}</ref> * 722 – [[Kamwina Nsapu rebellion]] (2016–present) * 700–800 – [[Anglo-Aro War]] (1901–1902) * 670+ – [[Infighting in the Gulf Cartel]] (2010–present) * 659–2,496 – [[Russia–Georgia war]] (2008) * 650+ – [[Infighting in Los Zetas]] (2010–present) * 643–1,500 – [[Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile]] (2011–present)<ref name="DailyTimes – Your Right To Know" /><ref name="auto" /> * 621 – [[Second 'Ndrangheta war]] (1985-1991) * 316 – [[Chiapas conflict]] (1994–present) * 300+ – [[Islamic Army–Al-Qaeda conflict]] (2006-2007) * 547 – [[Cyprus Emergency]] (1955–1959) * 542 – [[East Prigorodny Conflict]] (1992) *500 – [[Anglo-Zanzibar War]] (1896) * 422 – [[Franco-Thai War]] (1940–1941) * 327 – [[RENAMO insurgency]] (2013–present) * 275–569 – [[Second Afar insurgency]] (1995–present) Part of the [[Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict]] * 236 – [[Batwa-Luba clashes]] (2013–present) * 233 – [[First 'Ndrangheta war]] (1974–1976) * 233 – [[Anglophone Crisis]] (2017–present){{efn|See<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/cameroon-s-civil-war-intensifies-casualties-mount/4406204.html|title=Cameroon's Civil War Intensifies, Casualties Mount |website=Voice of America News|date=23 May 2018|access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/dozens-of-cameroon-youth-killed-in-south/4411815.html|title=Dozens of Cameroon Youth Killed in South|publisher=Voice of America News|date=27 May 2018|access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/video-cameroons-anglophone-secessionists-try-abducted-cop-send-him-to-their-ambazonia-prison/latest/|title=Video: Cameroon's Anglophone secessionists try abducted cop, send him to their Ambazonia prison|website=Today's News Africa|date=7 June 2018|access-date=22 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143409/https://todaynewsafrica.com/video-cameroons-anglophone-secessionists-try-abducted-cop-send-him-to-their-ambazonia-prison/latest/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/cameroon-soldier-killed-in-restive-english-speaking-region-20180610|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612104557/https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/cameroon-soldier-killed-in-restive-english-speaking-region-20180610|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 12, 2018|title=Cameroon soldier killed in restive English-speaking region|website=News24|date=11 June 2018|access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/police-officer-killed-fundong/|title=Police Officer killed in Fundong|website=Journal du Cameroun|date=18 June 2018|access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref>}} * 217 – [[Foreign interventions by Cuba#1959 Dominican Republic invasion attempt|Cuban invasion of the Dominican Republic]] (1959) * 213–523+ – [[Jebel Akhdar War]] (1954–1959)<ref name="RAF">Air Vice-Marshal Peter Dye. [http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafcms/mediafiles/264F0167_1143_EC82_2EEBE1A318851BCA.pdf The Jebel Akhdar War: The Royal Air Force in Oman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173749/http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafcms/mediafiles/264F0167_1143_EC82_2EEBE1A318851BCA.pdf |date=3 March 2016}}. (PDF). Air Power Review. Centre for Air Power Studies. {{ISSN|1463-6298}} Volume 11, Number 3, Winter 2008</ref> * 206–345 – [[Arab separatism in Khuzestan]] (1922–2022) * 200+ – [[1967 Opium War]] (1967) * 200 – [[Miami drug war]] (1970s-1980s) * 200 – [[1935 Yazidi revolt]] (1935){{citation needed|date=December 2016}} * 174–194 – [[United States occupation of Veracruz]] (1914)<ref>{{cite book|author=Cantu, Gaston Garcia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JBd2AAAAMAAJ|title=The U.S. invasions in Mexico|work=Fondo de Cultura Economica|year=1996|access-date=1 July 2013|isbn = 9789681650834}}</ref> * 160+ – [[Quebec Biker War]] (1994-2002) * 159 – [[ISIL insurgency in Tunisia]] (2015–present){{citation needed|date=December 2016}} * 141 – [[2006 São Paulo violence outbreak]] (2006) * 126 – [[2016 Kasese clashes]] (2016)<ref>{{cite news|title=Kasese clashes death toll increases to 126, twenty-five new bodies discovered – The Ugandan|url=http://theugandan.com.ug/kasese-clashes-death-toll-increases-126-twenty-five-new-bodies-discovered/|access-date=30 May 2017|work=The Ugandan|date=29 November 2016|archive-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918022037/http://theugandan.com.ug/kasese-clashes-death-toll-increases-126-twenty-five-new-bodies-discovered/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda clashes; death toll from Kasese fighting rises to 126|url=http://ntv.nation.co.ke/news/national/2725528-3470360-hwooe0z/index.html|access-date=30 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> * 115 – [[The Pool War]] (2016–present) * 108 – [[Islamist insurgency in Mozambique]] (2017–present){{efn|See<ref name="11 Oct 2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-10-27-iss-today-mozambiques-first-islamist-attacks-shock-the-region/|title=ISS Today: Mozambique's first Islamist attacks shock the region|website=Daily Maverick|date=11 October 2017|access-date=14 June 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219074309/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-10-27-iss-today-mozambiques-first-islamist-attacks-shock-the-region/|archive-date=19 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="4 Dec 2017">{{cite news|url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/mais-ataque-mocimboa-praia/4148160.html|title=Mais um ataque em Mocimboa da Praia|website=Voz da América Portugues|date=4 December 2017|access-date=14 June 2018|language=pt|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226234944/https://www.voaportugues.com/a/mais-ataque-mocimboa-praia/4148160.html|archive-date=26 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="mozambique">{{cite news|url=https://mozambique.co.mz/News/Archive.php|title=50 Killed As Police Attack Islamic Terrorists In Mocimboa De Praia Mozam|access-date=14 June 2018|website=Mozambique|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102073026/https://mozambique.co.mz/News/Archive.php|archive-date=2 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="15 Jan 2018">{{cite news|url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/mundo/novo-ataque-de-grupo-armado-faz-cinco-mortos-no-nordeste-de-mocambique_n1052152|title=Novo ataque de grupo armado faz cinco mortos no nordeste de Moçambique|date=15 January 2018|access-date=14 June 2018|language=pt|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116170622/https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/mundo/novo-ataque-de-grupo-armado-faz-cinco-mortos-no-nordeste-de-mocambique_n1052152|archive-date=16 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="25 Apr 2018">{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201804250074.html|title=Mozambique: Three Islamist Attacks Reported Over Weekend|website=Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique (Maputo)|date=25 April 2018|access-date=14 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="29 May 2018">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44289512|title=Mozambique 'jihadists behead' villagers|website=BBC News|date=29 May 2018|access-date=14 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="6 June 2018">{{cite news|url=http://www.verdade.co.mz/nacional/65954-al-shabaab-mocambicano-mata-mais-12-civis-em-cabo-delgado-presidente-nyusi-mudo|title=Al Shabaab moçambicano mata mais 12 civis em Cabo Delgado; Presidente Nyusi mudo|website=Verdade Online|date=6 June 2018|access-date=14 June 2018|language=pt|archive-date=10 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610044140/http://www.verdade.co.mz/nacional/65954-al-shabaab-mocambicano-mata-mais-12-civis-em-cabo-delgado-presidente-nyusi-mudo|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="5 Jun 2018">{{cite news|url=http://www.africanews.com/2018/06/05/atleast7killedinmacheteattackinmozambiquepolicesay/|title=At least 7 killed in machete attack in Mozambique, police say|website=Africa News|date=5 June 2018|access-date=14 June 2018|archive-date=8 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608013553/http://www.africanews.com/2018/06/05/atleast7killedinmacheteattackinmozambiquepolicesay/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="7 June 2018">{{cite news|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20180607/444194063365/al-menos-6-muertos-en-un-nuevo-ataque-yihadista-en-el-norte-de-mozambique.html|title=Al menos 6 muertos en un nuevo ataque yihadista en el norte de Mozambique|website=La Vanguardia|date=7 June 2018|access-date=14 June 2018|language=pt}}</ref><ref name="12 June 2018">{{cite news|url=http://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-four-dead-in-new-terrorist-attack-in-changa-nangade-district-aim-report/|title=Mozambique: Four dead in new terrorist attack in Changa, Nangade district – AIM report|website=Club of Mozambique|date=12 June 2018|access-date=14 June 2018|archive-date=18 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718231130/http://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-four-dead-in-new-terrorist-attack-in-changa-nangade-district-aim-report/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="12 Jun 2018">{{cite news|url=http://clubofmozambique.com/news/breaking-insurgents-wreak-death-and-destruction-in-nathuko-macomia-mozambique/|title=Breaking: Insurgents wreak death and destruction in Nathuko, Macomia – Mozambique|website=Club of Mozambique|date=12 June 2018|access-date=14 June 2018}}</ref>}} * 102–227 – [[India–Pakistan military confrontation (2016–present)]] (2016–present) * 99–500 – [[Sand War]] (1963–1964) * 95 – [[2013 Guinea clashes]] (2013)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/95-killed-in-Guinea-clashes/articleshow/21309732.cms|title=95 killed in Guinea clashes|work=The Times of India|date=24 July 2013|access-date=25 July 2013}}</ref> * 84–134 – [[Lahad Datu standoff]] (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/3/7/nation/20130307175707&sec=nation|title=Lahad Datu: 52 gunmen killed in gunfights so far, says IGP|work=The Star|date=7 March 2013|access-date=11 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Golingai, Philip|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/3/9/nation/20130309124623&sec=nation|title=Lahad Datu: Security forces shoot dead one gunman at Tanjung Batu village|work=The Star|date=9 March 2013|access-date=11 June 2013}}</ref> * 82 – [[Quasi-War]] (1798–1800){{cn|date=December 2022}} * 82 – [[North-West Rebellion]] (1885)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/north-west-rebellion/|title=North-West Rebellion|last=Beal|first=Bob|newspaper=The Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date=2017-02-05|language=en}}</ref> * 71 – [[Paraguayan People's Army insurgency]] (2005–present){{citation needed|date=December 2016}} * 70+ – [[DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey]] (1990–present) * 63 – [[Ten-Day War]] (1991) * 62–72 – [[First Biker War]] (1977–1984) * 56+ – [[Dissident Irish Republican campaign]] (1998–present) * 50+ – [[Castellammarese War]] (1930–1931) * 50+ – [[Tong Wars]] (1800s–1930s) * 46 – [[Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] (1954) * 45+ – [[2020 China–India skirmishes]] (2020–present) * 41 – [[2010 Rio de Janeiro security crisis]] (2010) * 39–111 – [[India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)]] (2014–2015) * 37 – [[2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes]] (2013) * 36 – [[Yama-Ichi War]] (1986-1989) * 36 – [[2016 Niger Delta conflict]] (2016–Present)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.today.ng/news/national/129658/nigeria-soldiers-kill-15-niger-delta-militants|publisher=TODAY.ng|access-date=30 May 2016|title=Nigeria soldiers kill 15 Niger Delta militants|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530125633/https://www.today.ng/news/national/129658/nigeria-soldiers-kill-15-niger-delta-militants|archive-date=2016-05-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> – Part of the [[Conflict in the Niger Delta]] * 30+ – [[Aldermen's wars]] (1916–1921) * 23 – [[Mafia-Camorra War]] (1915–1917) * 20 – [[Satan's Choice–Popeyes War]] (1974–1976) * 20 – [[2009 Vancouver gang war]] (2009) * 20 – [[Rowan County War]] (1884–1887) * 16 – [[Greene–Jones War]] (1860–present) * 16 – [[Piracy on Falcon Lake]] (2010–present) * 12–61 – [[2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish]] (2017) – Part of the [[Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes]] * 11–30 – [[2008 Kufra conflict]] (2008) * 11+ – [[Tutt–Everett War]] (1844–1850) * 11 – [[Great Nordic Biker War]] (1994–1997) * 11 – [[Gombe Chimpanzee War]] (1974–1978) * 8 – [[2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish]] (2011) * 7 – [[Bellevue War]] (1840) * 2+ – [[Ontario Biker War]] (1999–2002) * 2+ – [[Rock Machine-Rebels conflict]] (2009–present) ==Zane da jadawali== [[File:Wars by Death Toll Chart.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Bubble chart of wars over 99900 deaths.]] == Manazarta == <references /> 7kgrlo67471o2bb621lk4v5c6m4gjnb 0 51435 827745 688704 2026-04-29T16:27:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''John Mustapha Kutiyote''' shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma babban darektan kungiyar dalibai da 'yanci da kasuwanci, cibiyar tunani da nufin inganta 'yanci, zaman lafiya da wadata [[Sudan ta Kudu|a Sudan ta Kudu]]. An haifi Kutiyote a cikin watan Disamba a shekarar 1982 a Yammacin Equatoria Jihar Yambio, Sudan ta Kudu. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta 2019 Africa Shark Tank Award da Atlas Network saboda ra'ayinsa na kasuwanci ga matan Sudan ta Kudu su mallaki kadarori. Ƙungiya ta Kutiyote tana ba da horo na kasuwanci, laccoci, da tarurrukan tarurrukan ilimi don haɓaka 'yanci da ciniki kyauta. A shekarar 2022, kungiyarsa ta fara shirin horas da masu ruwa da tsaki domin ilimantar da daidaikun masu rike da madafun iko don kare hakkin mata na mallakar dukiya. <ref>"Championing African Women's Property Rights" . Students for Liberty .</ref> <ref>"John Mustapha" . Hayek Global College .</ref> <ref>"Kutiyote wins the 2019 Think Tank Shark Tank prize" . Atlas Network.</ref> == Tarihi == == Ayyukan Yi == Kutiyote ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa SOLE, wata cibiyar tunani da aka yi rajista da ke Yammacin Equatoria, wadda ke da burin inganta al'umma 'yantacciya, mai zaman lafiya da wadata ta hanyar ilimin ɗan ƙasa, shirye-shiryen ƙarfafa harkar kasuwanci, da kuma wayar da kai. A watan Agustan 2019, ya lashe lambar yabo ta Africa Think Tank Shark Tank da kungiyar Atlas Network ke bayarwa, inda ya samu dala $5,000 domin wani aiki na wayar da kan jama'a game da wariyar al'ada da ke hana mata 'yancin mallakar dukiya a Kudu Sudan. An yi amfani da kudaden wajen shirya tarukan bita, tarukan al'umma, da kuma shirye-shiryen rediyo a wurare kamar Yambio da Nzara. A ƙarshen shekarar 2019, SOLE ta samu damar kaiwa kusan mata 350 ta hanyar bitoci, tare da ɗimbin wasu ta hanyar yaɗa shirye-shiryen wayar da kai domin ƙarfafa fahimtar doka da bunƙasa tattalin arziki. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kutiyote, SOLE ta ƙaddamar da wani Shirin Horas da Masu Ruwa da Tsaki a shekarar 2022, wanda ya mayar da hankali wajen ilmantar da masu rike da madafun iko game da 'yancin mata na mallakar dukiya. SOLE ta kuma aiwatar da shirye-shiryen ilimi da suka haɗa da shirye-shiryen rediyo da karatun littattafai cikin al'umma, inda aka yi amfani da littafi kamar *The Adventures of Jonathan Gullible* domin koyar da ka'idojin kasuwa mai 'yanci da ƙwarewar kasuwanci. Haka kuma, Kutiyote ya kasance memba a kwamitin jagoranci na Bastiat Society (wadda ke da alaƙa da American Institute for Economic Research) reshen Kudu Sudan, sannan ya rike mukaman da suka shafi daidaitawa a kungiyoyin Students for Liberty da Foundation for Economic Education. Ya kuma halarci kokarin wanzar da zaman lafiya na duniya tare da Mediators Beyond Borders International a Kudu Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=jmustafa902 |url=https://hayekcollege.com/john-mustapha |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=hayekcollege.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =https://studentsforliberty.org/success-story/john-mustapha-kutiyote-championing-african-womens-property-rights/| title =Championing African Women's Property Rights| website =Students for Liberty}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.hayekcollege.com/john-mustapha| title =John Mustapha| website =Hayek Global College}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.atlasnetwork.org/articles/kutiyote-wins-the-2019-think-tank-shark-tank-prize| title =Kutiyote wins the 2019 Think Tank Shark Tank prize| website =Atlas Network| date =22 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://admin.atlasnetwork.org/assets/documents/financials/AR_2019_Revised.pdf|title=Atlas Network 2019 Annual Report Page 12|access-date=1 March 2024}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=Promotion of liberty ideas from Tuttle Twins Books in South Sudan – Organization for Liberty and Entrepreneurship |url=https://olent.org/2024/09/27/promotion-of-liberty-ideas-from-tuttle-twins-books-in-south-sudan/ |access-date=2025-07-18 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-17 |title=SOLE empowers women to overcome cultural biases in South Sudan |url=https://www.atlasnetwork.org/articles/sole-empowers-women-to-overcome-cultural-biases-in-south-sudan |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=Atlas Network |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1982]] 83syzg9ucyccwx5rkrs7wxgilpvma9n 0 53164 827810 279454 2026-04-29T19:29:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joya-Maria Maroun Azzi''' ( {{Lang-ar|جويا ماريا مارون قزي}} </link> ; an haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2000) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Lebanon wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na tsaro ko kuma [[Mai buga baya|na hagu]] don ƙungiyar San Francisco Nighthawks ta Amurka da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Lebanon . == Rayuwar farko == An haife ta a Ajaltoun, Lebanon, Azzi ta girma a Okaibe, inda ta fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tana da shekaru huɗu. Ta fara wasa da kungiyoyin maza na gida, kafin ta buga futsal tare da kungiyarta ta makarantar sakandare mai shekaru 13. <ref name=":0" /> == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aiki === Azzi ta shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta 'yan mata ta farko tana ɗan shekara 14, lokacin da ta ƙaura zuwa Zouk Mosbeh . Daga nan ta buga wa ‘yan kasa da shekara 17 da 18 wasa, kafin ta fara babbar babbar nasara. <ref name=":0" /> Shekaru 18, ta koma EFP, tana wasa duka a ƙarƙashin 19 da manyan ƙungiyoyi. <ref name=":0" /> Azzi ya buga shekaru biyu don EFP. <ref name=":0" /> === Tsakiyar Methodist Eagles === A ranar 3 ga watan Augusta shekarar 2021, Azzi ya shiga Central Methodist Eagles, ƙungiyar Jami'ar Methodist ta Tsakiya . Ta fara wasanta na farko a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta, a matsayin wanda ta maye gurbin minti na 60 a cikin nasara da ci 4-0 a kan William Woods Owls . Azzi ta buga wasannin kakar wasanni 11 na yau da kullun, kuma ta taimaka ƙungiyar ta kammala a matsayin zakarun gasar lig da gasar gasar shekarar 2021 Heart of America Athletic Conference Tournament. Ta kuma gama wasan kusa da na karshe a Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta NAIA . === Iowa Raptors FC === A ranar 28 ga watan Maris shekarar 2022, Azzi ya koma Iowa Raptors FC a gasar firimiya ta mata . == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A cikin shekara ta 2018, an kira Azzi don buga wasa don ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta Lebanon, yana buga wasanni takwas. Ta sami kiranta na farko zuwa babban ƙungiyar a cikin shekarar 2018. <ref name=":0" /> An kira Azzi don wakiltar Lebanon a Gasar Mata ta WAFF ta shekarar 2022 ; ta taimaka wa bangarenta ya zo na biyu, inda ya zura kwallo a ragar Syria a ranar 4 ga ga watan Satumba. == Kididdigar sana'a == === Ƙasashen Duniya === : ''Maki da sakamakon jera ragar Lebanon tally farko, ci gaba shafi nuna ci bayan kowane Azzi burin'' . {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin kwallayen da Joya-Maria Azzi ta zura a ragar duniya ! scope="col" | A'a. ! scope="col" | Kwanan wata ! scope="col" | Wuri ! scope="col" | Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" | Ci ! scope="col" | Sakamako ! scope="col" | Gasa |- | align="center" | 1 | 4 ga Satumba, 2022 | Petra Stadium, [[Amman]], Jordan |{{Fbw|SYR}}</img>{{Fbw|SYR}} | align="center" | 2–0 | align="center" | 5-2 | 2022 WAFF Championship |} == Girmamawa == '''Zouk Mosbeh''' * Gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Lebanon : 2017–18 * Kofin FA na Mata na Lebanon : [[2017–18 Lebanese Women's FA Cup|2017–18]] * Gasar cin Kofin Mata ta Lebanon : [[2017 Lebanese Women's Super Cup|2017]], [[2018 Lebanese Women's FA Cup|2018]] '''EFP''' * Kofin FA na Mata na Lebanon: [[2020–21 Lebanese Women's FA Cup|2020–21]] '''Tsakiyar Methodist Eagles''' * Zakaran gasar wasannin motsa jiki na Heart of America : 2021 * Zakaran gasar wasannin motsa jiki na zuciyar Amurka: 2021 '''Lebanon U18''' * WAFF U-18 Gasar Mata ta zo ta biyu: 2018 '''Lebanon''' * Gasar Mata ta WAFF Wuri na uku: 2019 == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na duniya mata na Lebanon == Manazarta == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.wpslsoccer.com/roster/joya-maria-azzi Bayanan martaba]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} a WPSL * [https://www.cmueagles.com/sports/wsoc/2021-22/bios/azzi_maria_7kbx Bayanan martaba] a Tsakiyar Methodist Eagles * Joya-Maria Azzi * Joya-Maria Azzi * Joya-Maria Azzi [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 2000]] 1jxdtlkvwnu10dgn6yk4cn6gu6ljr3v 0 56811 827946 307696 2026-04-30T10:03:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Wase''' kogi ne a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukumar]] [[Wase]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]], [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wase River, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/wase_river,501267984n |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=ng.geoview.info }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yana da nasaba da [[Benue (kogi)|Kogin Benue]] a Dampar na [[Ibi (Nijeriya)|karamar hukumar Ibi]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earth.google.com/web/@9.21190768,9.90350961,262.72075763a,31580.80154879d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=ChQaEgoKL20vMDI2bDRucRgBIAEoAg |work=Google Earth |title=Wase River |date=26 March 2019 |accessdate=2019-03-26}}</ref> [[Masara|Maize]], {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2023}} [[Doya|,]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wase River Essential Tips and Information |url=https://trek.zone/en/nigeria/places/553997/wase-river |access-date=2023-08-15 |website=Trek Zone |language=en}}</ref> [[Mangoro]] da sauran [[Kayan miya|kayan lambu]] na gona a bankunan sa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-18 |title=Wase River - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia |url=https://alchetron.com/Wase-River |access-date=2023-08-15 |website=Alchetron.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wase River, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/wase_river,501267984n |access-date=2023-08-15 |website=ng.geoview.info }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2023}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Vischer, Hans. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1776516 Journeys in Northern Nigeria] * Murphy, John. [http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nationworld/bal-polio0104,1,6396183.story?page=4&cset=true&ctrack=1 Distrust of U.S. foils effort to stop crippling disease]{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Manazarta == r6cid04wkrwlje1b90bqzjungn0wd4v 0 61016 827899 616807 2026-04-30T04:55:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kenneth Gyang''' matashi ne mai shirya fina-finai a [[Najeriya]] kuma an haife shi a Barkin Ladi na [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Filato]], Najeriya. Ya karanci harkar Fina-Finai a Cibiyar Fina-Finai ta kasa da ke [[Jos]] sannan kuma ya yi karatun allo a Gaston Kaboré 's IMAGINE a [[Ouagadougou]], [[Burkina Faso]] . Biyu daga cikin gajerun fina-finansa da kuma rubutun mai suna "Wasanni na Rayuwa" an zabo su ne don Berlinale Talent Campus 2006 kuma "Mummy Lagos" ta samu karbuwa sosai a matsayin shiga gasar a hukumance. An kuma zaɓi "Mummy Lagos" a sansanin Sithengi Talent Campus a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin cinema na duniya na Cape Town a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == Fim ɗinsa mai suna "Omule" ya lashe mafi kyawun fina-finan Documentary a Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na Ɗaliban Najeriya na daya a shekarar 2006 da kuma "Mummy Lagos" shi ma ya lashe Kyautar Fina-Finai a Nigerian Field Society Awards wanda Cibiyar Al'adu ta Jamus, Goethe-Institut, ta shirya a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] da kuma Maganar Jury Special Mention a bikin ANIWA a [[Ghana]] . A shekarar 2006 Mujallar BFM mai tasiri a Burtaniya ta bayyana shi a matsayin [[Darakta|daraktan fina-finai]] mafi karancin shekaru a Najeriya. Kenneth ya yi aiki tare da BBC World Service Trust yana jagorantar wasan kwaikwayo na TV mai inganci "Wetin Dey" wanda ya kasance kwanan nan{{When|date=February 2011}}</link> wanda aka gabatar a bikin Emmy World Television Festival a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] . Ya kuma yi aiki tare da Sadarwa don Canji a matsayin Mataimakin Furodusa akan Silhouettes na Bayelsian- jerin gajerun fina-finai bakwai akan HIV / [[Kanjamau|AIDS]] . Aikin da ya yi na baya-bayan nan shi ne Finding Aisha, shirin talabijin da ya hada da shiryawa da bayar da umarni ga kamfanin shirya fina-finan Najeriya na Televista. A shekarar 2013, fim ɗinsa na farko da ya fito da shi mai ''suna Confusion Na Wa'' wanda Tom Rowland Rees ya shirya ya lashe kyautar gwarzon dan wasa mafi kyawun fim a gasar Motion na Africa a Bayelsa. Kenneth kuma ya ci lambar yabo ta Future Awards 2013 A Arts & Al'adu. Ya shirya fim ɗin ''[[Blood and Henna]]'' na AMAA wanda ya sami lambar yabo game da cutar sankarau a Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=tudioweb |date=2014-10-18 |title=Interview with "Confusion Na Wa" Film Producer Kenneth Gyang |url=https://africanstudies.org/asa-news/october-2014-asa-news/interview-with-film-producer-kenneth-gyang/ |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=African Studies Association Portal - ASA - ASA |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703214439/https://africanstudies.org/asa-news/october-2014-asa-news/interview-with-film-producer-kenneth-gyang/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kenneths Feature Film rikicewar Na Wa ya samu karbuwa sosai kuma yaci gaba da lashe kyautar AMAA Awards 2013 na Best Film da Best Nigerian film, shima fim din yaci gaba a 2014 ya lashe kyautar Nollywood Movie Award for Best Cinematography (Yinka Edwards) da Nollywood Movie Award for Mafi Darakta (Kenneth Gyang). == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * https://web.archive.org/web/20090504094243/http://tdb.berlinale-talentcampus.de/campus/talent/kenneth-gyang/profile * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121102091249/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1088416011.html HighBeam] * http://www.africine.org/?menu=art&no=7066 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173525/http://www.africine.org/?menu=art&no=7066 |date=2016-03-03 }} * http://www.nollywood.net/vbee/showthread.php?t=880{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://web.archive.org/web/20120626091709/http://sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/arts/2006/mar/15/arts-15-03-2006-001.htm * http://culiblog.org/2006/02/food-related-film-at-the-berlin-international-film-festival/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014020018/http://culiblog.org/2006/02/food-related-film-at-the-berlin-international-film-festival/ |date=2009-10-14 }} * https://web.archive.org/web/20090503025051/http://www.berlinale-talentcampus.de/story/48/1748.html [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 9locbk11a3j4p5ry7tozxycr886kqo8 0 61889 827863 540816 2026-04-29T21:53:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''KP Khanal''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairu 2000) ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewar Nepale ne.<ref>http://therisingnepal.org.np/news/30250 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925013456/http://therisingnepal.org.np/news/30250 |date=2020-09-25 }} {{Bare URL inline|date=May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/41622/|title=Young and bold|first=Kiran|last=Lama|website=My City}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/valley/2019/08/03/social-campaigner-gets-thrashed-while-nabbing-litterbugs-in-koteshwor|title=Social campaigner is beaten up while nabbing litterbugs in Koteshwor|website=kathmandupost.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/62574/|title=Megastar Rajesh Hamal donates 100,000 for social cause|first=Kiran|last=Lama|website=My City}}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ana kuma sanin shi da "Matashin Ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewar jama'a na Nepali".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ekantipur.com/feature/2018/06/02/152790619384748738.html |title=कान्छा अभियन्ता- फिचर - कान्तिपुर समाचार |website=ekantipur.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902080821/https://ekantipur.com/feature/2018/06/02/152790619384748738.html |archive-date=2019-09-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ekantipur.com/hello-sukrabar/2019/01/04/154657789000845167.html | title=केपीको सफाइ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.setopati.com/social/187834/|title=राति राति राजधानीका चोकमा फोहर उठाउन आउने 'साना केपी'|website=Setopati|access-date=2023-10-23|archive-date=2022-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114154922/https://www.setopati.com/social/187834|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/01/651886|title=लालबाबुलाई सडकमा उतार्ने यी हुन् १८ वर्षे केपी}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:KP Khanal 2.jpg|thumb|KP Khanal]] An haife shi a Achham,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://lokaantar.com/story/119976/2020/10/1/kp-khanal|title=कैलालीका समाजसेवी २० वर्षीय केपी खनाल गान्धी जयन्तीमा सम्मानित हुँदै|website=Lokaantar}}</ref> Khanal ya kammala karatun firamare a gundumar Achham. Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin ilimin ɗan adam a Texas International College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvannapurna.com/news-details/133/2019-09-28|title=काठमाडौं सफा गर्न अछामबाट आएको हुँः केपी खनाल}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.osnepal.com/726921|title=सडकका प्रधानमन्त्री केपी खनाल सम्मानित « OSNepal.com :: Latest News,Breaking News, Latest, Politics, World, Entertainment, Sports, Technology, Interview, Nepal News|website=www.osnepal.com}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da zaɓe == * Kyautar Alamar Matasa ta Ƙasa (a Indiya) - 2018<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Sandeep |date=2020-10-02 |title=Campaigner Khanal to be honoured in Delhi |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/campaigner-khanal-to-be-honoured-in-delhi |access-date=2022-04-02 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref> * Kyautar Jagorancin Matasa ta Ƙasa - 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://streetnepal.com/national-youth-lead-awards-2019-trishala-gurung-wins-popular-young-artist-of-the-year/|title=NATIONAL YOUTH LEAD AWARDS 2019: TRISHALA GURUNG WINS POPULAR YOUNG ARTIST OF THE YEAR|date=14 May 2019 }}</ref> * Kyautar Icon Youth - 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/campaigner-khanal-to-be-honoured-in-delhi/|title=Campaigner Khanal to be honoured in Delhi|date=October 2, 2020|website=The Himalayan Times}}</ref><ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mahendranagarpost.com/2020/10/02/9498/|title=अभियन्ता केपी खनाल 'युथ आइकन २०२०'बाट सम्मानित|date=October 2, 2020|website=Mahendranagar Post|access-date=October 23, 2023|archive-date=November 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102151258/https://www.mahendranagarpost.com/2020/10/02/9498/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 2000]] gd28lu9jx7zjatt87bypkisvfs1avz5 0 62491 827739 533980 2026-04-29T14:50:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joao Alberto Grimaldo''' ( Furuci a Sipaniyanci: [ˈdʒoʊoʊ ɡɹiˈmɑldoʊ] an haife shi Febureru 20, 2003) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Peru wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger kuma ƙungiyarsa ta yanzu ita ce [[Club Sporting Cristal|Sporting Cristal]] ta Peru's League 1. Ya kasance cikakken dan wasan kasa da kasa tare da tawagar kasar ta Peru tun 2023. == Sana'ar wasa == An haife shi da kuma girma a Lima, Grimaldo ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da kungiyar Esther Grande, kafin ya rattaba hannu tare da Sporting Cristal (2016) a shekara ta 2020.<ref>(20 de enero de 2020). «[https://depor.com/futbol-peruano/descentralizado/a-sus-17-anos-joao-grimaldo-debuto-con-sporting-cristal-termino-el-colegio-y-buscara-estudiar-una-carrera-profesional-video-noticia/ A sus 17 años: Joao Grimaldo debutó con Sporting Cristal, terminó el colegio y buscará estudiar una carrera profesiona]l». ''Depor''. Consultado el 29 de diciembre de 2021.</ref> Wasan sa na farko a gasar Peruvian ya faru ne a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, a gasar zakarun Turai, damar da tawagarsa [[Club Sporting Cristal|Sporting Cristal]] ta fuskanci [[Cantolao]], yana ɗan shekara 17,<ref>Reátegui, Sebastián (25 de septiembre de 2022). «[https://strikers.futbol/cracks/La-evolucion-de-Joao-Grimaldo-desde-la-Seleccion-Peru-Sub-17-a-ser-el-mejor-sub-20-de-Sporting-Cristal-20220925-0005.html Grimaldo es el único jugador de Sporting Cristal que suma en la bola de minutos]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}». ''Strikers''. Consultado el 26 de junio de 2023.</ref> ya lashe Kofina a farkon kakar sa.<ref>Zevallos Francia, Santiago Emilio (2022). «[https://repositorio.ucv.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12692/101303 Sistema web “Cantolao” para la evaluación del rendimiento de futbolistas de la Liga 1 en Perú utilizando modelos matemáticos, 2022]». ''Repositorio Institucional - UCV''. Consultado el 26 de junio de 2023.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 2003]] 1pyomx23evufgpxsxynz4jv3yky40p7 0 63710 827960 562246 2026-04-30T11:40:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kuda''', [[wanda]] aka fi sani da '''Kuda Technologies''', kamfani ne na fintech da ke aiki a [[Najeriya]], da Birtaniya. Babs Ogundeyi da Musty Mustapha ne suka kafa bankin a shekarar 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-11-13|title=Inside Kuda Bank's playbook for banking every African|url=https://techcabal.com/2020/11/13/kuda-banks-playbook-for-banking-every-african/|access-date=2021-06-17|website=TechCabal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Harrison|first=Polly Jean|date=2021-04-17|title=Top African Challenger Banks Helping the Unbanked Through Mobile Services|url=https://thefintechtimes.com/top-african-challenger-banks-helping-the-unbanked-through-mobile-services/|access-date=2021-06-17|website=The Fintech Times|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513205943/https://thefintechtimes.com/top-african-challenger-banks-helping-the-unbanked-through-mobile-services/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="van1">{{Cite web|date=2022-01-12|title=Kuda Bank: Broadening banking access with innovation|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/01/kuda-bank-broadening-banking-access-with-innovation/|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Tarihi== Da farkon fari, an fara shi a matsayin Kudimoney ko "bankin kyauta", dandamalin aro da ajiyar kudi ta yanar gizo kaɗai. Tun daga lokacin an yi wasu sauye-sauye na kuɗaɗen don canzawa zuwa bankin [[neobank]] na farko a Najeriya a yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-12 |title=Kuda Bank Revolutionises Banking for Millennials |url=https://digitalbankerafrica.com/kuda-bank-revolutionises-banking-for-millennials/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=Digital Banker Africa |language=en-GB}}</ref> Sunan bankin Kuda, na cikin jerin sunayen bankuna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin farkon fasahar WEF na Afirka na shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-16|title=7 African startups named WEF Technology Pioneers of 2021|url=https://disrupt-africa.com/2021/06/16/7-african-startups-named-wef-technology-pioneers-of-2021/|access-date=2021-06-17|website=Disrupt Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Bankin Kuda yana da darajar tsabar kuɗi, har dala miliyan 500 kuma ya tara sama da dala miliyan 90 daga masu saka hannun jari ciki har da Target Global da [[Valar Ventures]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/08/02/kuda-the-african-challenger-bank-raises-55m-at-a-500m-valuation/|title=Kuda, the African challenger bank, raises $55M at a $500M valuation|last=Lunden|first=Ingrid|date=2 August 2021|access-date=11 April 2022}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Tattalin arzikin Najeriya]] * [[Bankunan Najeriya|Jerin bankunan Najeriya]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== * [https://kuda.com/ Shafin na Musamman] mn7pujx6bq5qh93xw5dio4i5htqqmua 0 64531 827787 437065 2026-04-29T18:29:42Z Saad Nuhu 43323 827787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kevin Christian Trapp''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1990) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin '''mai tsaron gida''' ga kulob ɗin Bundesliga wato Eintracht Frankfurt da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasar Jamus. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun masu tsaron gida a Turai saboda kwarewarsa da iya kare ƙwallaye masu haɗari.<ref>FIFA Profile: Kevin Trapp</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Kevin Trapp a garin Merzig da ke ƙasar Jamus, inda ya fara sha'awar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Ya fara taka leda a ƙungiyoyin matasa kafin daga baya ya shiga makarantar horaswa ta ƙungiyar FC Kaiserslautern.<ref>DFB Youth Development Records</ref> == Aikin kulob == === FC Kaiserslautern === Trapp ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru a FC Kaiserslautern, inda ya fara fitowa fili a matsayin mai tsaron gida mai basira. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa ƙungiyar a gasar Bundesliga, duk da ƙalubalen da ƙungiyar ta fuskanta.<ref>Bundesliga Archive</ref> === Eintracht Frankfurt === A shekarar 2012, Trapp ya koma Eintracht Frankfurt, inda ya nuna bajinta sosai wanda ya sa manyan kulob na Turai suka fara sha’awarsa. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida a gasar Bundesliga.<ref>Eintracht Frankfurt Official Records</ref> === Paris Saint-Germain === A shekarar 2015, ya koma Paris Saint-Germain (PSG), inda ya lashe kofuna da dama ciki har da Ligue 1. Duk da gasa mai tsauri a cikin ƙungiyar, Trapp ya samu damar taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasu lokuta.<ref>PSG Official Website</ref> === Komawa Eintracht Frankfurt === Bayan aro da kuma komawa dindindin, Trapp ya dawo Eintracht Frankfurt inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar lashe gasar UEFA Europa League a shekarar 2022. Wannan nasara ta ƙara tabbatar da kwarewarsa a matsayin babban mai tsaron gida.<ref>UEFA Europa League Report 2022</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == Trapp ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar ƙasar Jamus wasa a matakin matasa kafin daga baya ya shiga babbar ƙungiyar. Duk da kasancewar manyan masu tsaron gida a Jamus, ya kasance cikin 'yan wasan da ake kira lokaci-lokaci don wakiltar ƙasar.<ref>German National Team Data</ref> == Salon wasa == Kevin Trapp an san shi da iya kare bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida (penalty), saurin motsi, da kuma iya jagorantar tsaron baya. Haka kuma yana da kwarewa wajen rarraba ƙwallo daga baya.<ref>Player Analysis Reports</ref> == Nasarori == ;Paris Saint-Germain * Ligue 1: 2015–16, 2017–18 * Coupe de France: 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18 ;Eintracht Frankfurt * UEFA Europa League: 2021–22 == Manazarta == <references/> 6af2zpzl7vov7g1e32ays8g4qmsg177 0 64971 827834 670248 2026-04-29T21:00:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:List of articles - TN Women Journos Editathon.pdf|thumb|Labarin juliette]] '''Juliette Bessis''' (Larabci: جولييت بسيس) an haife ta a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da biyar 1925 a Gabes, [[Tunisiya]], ta rasu a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha bakwai 2017 a birnin Paris na kasar Faransa. Ta kasance ƙwararriyar masaniya a ƙasar Tunisiya kuma ƙwararriyar a fannin tarihi a yankin Maghreb na arewacin Afirka. == Rayuwa == An haifi Juliette Saada a ranar sha shidda ga watan Satumbar shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da biyar 1925, ta kasance wani ɓangare ne na dangin Yahudawan Tunusiya masu matsakaicin matsayi a yankin kudancin Tunisia, wanda a lokacin yake karkashin mulkin mallaka na Faransa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=How Tunisia’s Women Communists Challenged the Colonial Order|url=https://jacobinmag.com/2021/03/tunisia-communist-party-pct-women-militants/|access-date=2021-04-07|website=jacobinmag.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Juliette Bessis, Par Sophie Bessis {{!}} Harissa|url=https://harissa.com/news555/index.php/fr/juliette-bessis-par-sophie-bessis|access-date=2021-04-07|website=harissa.com}}</ref> === Rayuwar farko === Tana da shekaru sha bakwai ga wata17, ta zama mai fafutuka a jam'iyyar gurguzu ta kasar Tunusiya, inda ta inganta gwagwarmayar kyamar 'yan ta'adda da kuma turjiya da mamayar da Jamus ta yi wa Tunisiya daga watan Nuwambar shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyu 1942 zuwa Mayun shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da ukku 1943. A lokacin, ta haɗu da Aldo Bessis a shekarar alif dubu daya da daritara da sha takwas zuwa dubu daya da daritara da sittin da tara (1918-1969) kuma sun yi aure a ranar ukku ga watan Fabrairu shekara alif dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da hudu 1944, amma ba ta canza sunanta na ƙarshe zuwa Bessis ba har sai da ta haifi 'yarta ta farko Sophie Bessis.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> Bayan karatu a Lycée Armand Fallières (yanzu ana kiranta Lycée de la Rue de Russie) a [[Tunis]] kuma Bessis tayi karatu a Ecole des Hautes Etudes de Tunis, wacce daga baya ta zama Jami'ar Tunis (mai alaƙa da Sorbonne a Paris), kuma ta sami digiri na farko. a farkon shekarun alif dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin 1950. A cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin da shida 1956, an naɗa ta farfesa a sashin Khaznadar na Kwalejin Sadiki. Kwararriya a tarihin Maghreb na zamani, bincikenta ya mayar da hankali kan siyasar farkisanci a tekun Mediterrenean, ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta Tunisiya da [[Libya|Libiya]] ta zamani. Ta samu Ph.D. a cikin tarihin zamani a Sorbonne.<ref name=":0" /> Bessis Malama ce a babbar makarantar Khaznadar har zuwa shekara ta 1962.<ref name=":1" /> === Bayan Tunisiya === A cikin shekarar 1962, lokacin da ma'aikatan farar hula na Tunisiya suka fara tsarkake manyan jami'an Yahudawa, dangin Bessis sun bar Tunisia, suka fara tafiya [[Kamaru]] inda Aldo ya shiga hukumar abinci da noma [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] (FAO). A can Juliette ta zama ƙwararriyar [[UNESCO|Unesco]] kuma an naɗa ta Farfesa a tarihi a [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]] a Ecole normale supérieure, wanda ke cikin tsarin jami'ar Faransa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-04-14|title=Tunisian Jews Resist Pressure From Israel to Emigrate|url=https://ips-dc.org/tunisian_jews_resist_pressure_from_israel_to_emigrate/|access-date=2021-04-08|website=Institute for Policy Studies|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131202552/https://ips-dc.org/tunisian_jews_resist_pressure_from_israel_to_emigrate/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1964, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa, Habasha]] na ƴan watanni kafin Aldo Bessis aka mayar da shi hedkwatar FAO a Rome. Ba da ɗewa bayan haka, iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa Geneva inda Aldo ya mutu a shekarar 1969. Juliette da 'ya'yanta mata daga ƙarshe sun ƙaura zuwa Paris a shekarar 1972.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-04-14|title=Tunisian Jews Resist Pressure From Israel to Emigrate|url=https://ips-dc.org/tunisian_jews_resist_pressure_from_israel_to_emigrate/|access-date=2021-04-08|website=Institute for Policy Studies|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131202552/https://ips-dc.org/tunisian_jews_resist_pressure_from_israel_to_emigrate/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin rayuwarta, Bessis ta yi bincike game da siyasar fascist a cikin Bahar Rum kuma ta rubuta burin Mussolini na sake kafawa, karkashin mulkinsa, tsohuwar Daular Roma.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=L’historienne Juliette Bessis, nous quitte (Gabès 1925 - Paris, 18 mars 2017)|url=https://www.leaders.com.tn/article/21898-l-historienne-juliette-bessis-nous-quitte-gabes-1925-paris-18-mars-2017|access-date=2021-04-07|website=Leaders|language=fr}}</ref> Bincikenta ya kafa tushen littafinta mai suna ''La Méditerranée Fasciste (The Fascist Mediterranean)'' yana bayyanawa. Mussolini na Italiya da tasirinsa a Tunisiya kafin da lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]].<ref name=":1" /> Daga baya ta koyar a birnin Paris a Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa, wanda ake kira Sciences Po, da kuma Jami'ar Paris-VIII.<ref name=":0" /> === Mutuwa === Juliette Bessis ta mutu a ranar 18 ga watan Maris na shekarar 2017 tana da shekaru 91 a Paris.<ref name=":1" /> A cikin shekarar 2017, 'yarta Sophie Bessis ta sanar da cewa ta ba da gudummawar ɗakin karatu na iyayenta, tarin littattafai da jaridu na tarihin Tunisiya da Maghreb, ga ɗakin karatu na Tunis na ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite news|title=المؤرّخة التّونسيّة صوفي بسّيس تهدي دار الكتب الوطنيّة مكتبة والديها، جوليات وألدو بسّيس|language=ar|agency=Bibliothèque nationale de Tunisie|url=http://www.bibliotheque.nat.tn/4697/|access-date=28 May 2018|archive-date=27 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927084723/http://www.bibliotheque.nat.tn/4697/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=21 July 2017|title=L'historienne Sophie Bessis fait un don de la bibliothèque de ses parents à la Bibliothèque nationale tunisienne|language=fr-MG|agency=Al HuffPost Maghreb|url=https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/07/21/sophie-bessis-bibliothequ_n_17550058.html|access-date=28 May 2018}}</ref> == wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa == * Bessis, Juliette. "Le Mouvement ouvrier tunisien: de ses origines à l'indépendance." ''Le mouvement social'' (1974): 85-108. * Bessis, Juliette. "Chekib Arslan et les mouvements nationalistes au Maghreb." ''Hadisi na'' 259. Fasc. 2 (526 (1978): 467-489. * Bessis, Juliette. ''La Méditerranée fasciste: l'Italie mussolinienne et la Tunisie'' . Vol. 15. Buga Karthala, 1981. * Bessis, Juliette. "Sur Moncef Bey et le moncefisme: La Tunisie de 1942 à 1948." ''Outre-Mers.'' ''Karatun tarihin'' 70.260 (1983): 97-131. * Bessis, Juliette. ''Revue D'histoire Moderne et Contemporaine (1954-)'', juzu'i. 32, ba. 4, 1985, shafi na 697-699. ''JSTOR'', www.jstor.org/stable/20529189. An shiga 7 ga Afrilu 2021. * Bessis, Juliette. "La siyasa americaine en Afrique du Nord pendant la seconde guerre mondiale." ''Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée'' 36.1 (1983): 147-161. * Bessis, Juliette. "Ebrei in un paese arabo: Gli ebrei nella Libia contemporanea tra colonialismo, nazionalismo arabo e sionismo (1935-1970)." (1985): 695-697. * Bessis, Juliette. "L' adawa France-etats-Unis au Maghreb de la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale jusqu'a l'indépendance des protectorats 1941-1956." ''Les Chemins de la Décolonisation de l'Empire colonial français'' shekarar (1986): 341-56. == Manazarta == j8eb20r7bnsrhh9g9t9ku0zpnf6zsf3 0 65307 827926 497690 2026-04-30T08:24:52Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 827926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nii Narku Quaynor''' masani ne a fannin kimiyya kuma injiniya [[Ghana|ɗan ƙasar Ghana]] wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen btullo da ci gaban [[yanar gizo]] a duk faɗin [[Afirka]].  == Tarihin Rayuwa == Quaynor ya kammala karatun kimiyyar injiniya daga Kwalejin Dartmouth a shekarar 1972, kuma ya sami digiri na Injiniyanci daga Makarantar Injiniyanci ta Thayer a shekarar 1973. Daga nan ya karanci Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, inda ya sami MS a Jami'ar Jihar New York a Stony Brook a shekarar 1974, da Ph.D. daga wannan cibiyar a shekarar 1977. Ya halarci [[Kinbu School|Makarantar Fasaha ta Kinbu]], Kwalejin Adisadel da Makarantar Achimota a [[Ghana]]. Yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Sashen Kimiyyar Kwamfuta a Jami'ar Cape Coast a [[Ghana]], kuma ya ci gaba da riƙe muƙamin Farfesa a can.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.icann.org/biog/quaynor.htm |title=Prof Nii Quaynor biography |access-date=2007-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223032137/http://www.icann.org/biog/quaynor.htm |archive-date=2007-12-23 |url-status=live }}</ref> Shi ma memba ne a Majalisar Jami'ar Ghana. [[Fayil:Nii Quaynor.jpg|thumb|Nii Quaynor]] A shekarar 2000, ya zama darektan ICANN na yankin Afirka. == Aiki tare da sadarwa da Intanet == A lokacin da Quaynor ya dawo Ghana daga Amurka a farkon shekarun 1990, ya kafa wasu hanyoyin sadarwa na Intanet na farko a Afirka, kuma ya taka rawa wajen kafa wasu muhimman kungiyoyi da suka haɗa da African Network Operators Group (AfNOG).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.afnog.org/quaynor.html |title="Dr. Nii Quaynor Receives 2007 Jonathan B. Postel Service Award". |access-date=2008-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210144415/http://www.afnog.org/quaynor.html |archive-date=2008-02-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya ɓullo da hanyoyin sadarwa masu daraja a yankin ta hanyar ɓullo da hanyoyin sadarwa na SWIFT, Intanet da kasuwanci, kuma shi ne ya kafa kungiyar AfriNIC, mai rijistar lambobin Afirka. Quaynor shi ne shugaban kamfanin na [[Ghana]] Network Computer Systems, kuma memba ne na Babban Sakatare Janar na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] a kan ICT, memba na ITU Telecom Board, shugaba kuma na OAU Internet Task Force, Shugaban Internet Society of Ghana. kuma memba na [[Bankin Duniya]] Infodev TAP. [[Fayil:Internet Hall of Fame Induction 2013- Nii Quaynor.webm|thumb|Nii Quaynor]] Quaynor kuma yana aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Hukumar Kula da Intanet ta Duniya.<ref>[https://www.ourinternet.org/#commission Commissioners] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129020015/https://www.ourinternet.org/#commission |date=2014-11-29 }}, Global Commission on Internet Governance.</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == [[File:ICANN_History_Project_-_Interview_with_Nii_Quaynor,_ICANN_Board_Member,_2000-2003_(301E).webm|thumb| Tattaunawa da Quaynor a lokacinsa na memba na ICANN]] An ba shi lambar yabo ta 2015 ICANN Multi-stakeholder Ethos Award tare da Cheryl Langdon Orr.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prof. Nii Quaynor wins prestigious ICANN award|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/technology/2015/June-29th/prof-nii-quaynor-wins-prestigious-icann-award.php|website=www.myjoyonline.com|publisher=Myjoyonline|access-date=11 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731122447/http://www.myjoyonline.com/technology/2015/June-29th/prof-nii-quaynor-wins-prestigious-icann-award.php|archive-date=2015-07-31|url-status=live}}</ref> Har ila yau, a ranar 26 ga watan Yuni 2013, an zaɓe shi don shigar da shi cikin Zauren Intanet na Fame ta Intanet ta jama'a.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://internethalloffame.org/press/latest-news/internet-hall-fame-announces-2013-inductees|title=Internet Hall of Fame Announces 2013 Inductees|work=Internet Hall of Fame|publisher=Internet Society|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630002605/http://internethalloffame.org/press/latest-news/internet-hall-fame-announces-2013-inductees|archive-date=2013-06-30|url-status=live|access-date=28 June 2013}}</ref> A cikin watan Disamba 2007, Quaynor ya sami kyautar Jonathan B. Postel Service Award daga IETF ( [http://www.ietf.org/ The Internet Engineering Task Force] ).<ref>[http://www.icann.org/announcements/announcement-11dec07.htm "Nii Quaynor Awarded Postel Award 2007 | ICANN congratulates former board member on honor"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214190125/http://www.icann.org/announcements/announcement-11dec07.htm|date=2007-12-14}}, ICANN, 11 December 2007.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] gpkia4lqar6crb8gphr103l0cy5dxmc 0 69115 827906 372524 2026-04-30T06:57:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kinyarwanda''' fim ne na shekarar 2011 wanda ya danganci kisan kare dangi na Rwanda. == Fim == Bisa ga ƙididdiga na gaskiya,<ref>{{cite web |title=Africiné - Kinyarwanda |url=http://www.africine.org/film/kinyarwanda/12034 |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Africiné |language=fr |archive-date=2024-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130154429/http://www.africine.org/film/kinyarwanda/12034 |url-status=dead }}</ref> fim ɗin ya ƙunshi tatsuniyoyi guda shida da suka haɗa da abubuwa da yawa da ke faruwa yayin da ake yin kisan kare dangi.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011-12-02 |title=Movie review: 'Kinyarwanda' |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-xpm-2011-dec-02-la-et-capsules-kinyarwanda20111202-story.html |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kohn |first1=Eric |date=2011-12-02 |title="Kinyarwanda" Shows the Good and Bad of Cinematic Therapy |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2011/12/kinyarwanda-shows-the-good-and-bad-of-cinematic-therapy-50802/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=IndieWire |language=en}}</ref> Masallatai sun zama wurin mafaka,<ref>{{cite web |date=2011-02-01 |title='Kinyarwanda' wins big at 2011 Sundance Film Festival |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/28067 |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda |language=en}}</ref> kuma an nuna haramcin auren kabilanci tsakanin [[Hutu]] da [[Tutsi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-01-28 |title=Ambitious film centers on Rwanda genocide |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-film-kinyarwanda-idINTRE70R13120110128 |access-date=2022-08-04}}</ref> == Sharhi == Mujallar [[Variety (magazine)|''Variety'']] ta bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "mai ban takaici sau biyu',<ref>{{cite web |last1=Koehler |first1=Robert |date=2011-01-31 |title=Kinyarwanda |url=https://variety.com/2011/film/markets-festivals/kinyarwanda-1117944450/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> yayin da Ƙungiyar Littattafan Adabin Afirka ta Amirka ta bayyana shi a matsayin "fitaccen na farko".<ref>{{cite web |title=Kinyarwanda Film Reviewed by Kam Williams |url=https://aalbc.com/reviews/film-reviews.php?id=1635 |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=aalbc.com: African American Literature Book Club |language=en}}</ref> ==Kyauta== * [[2011 Sundance Film Festival|2011, Sundance Film Festival]]: World Cinema Audience Award (Dramatic)<ref>{{Citation |title=Kinyarwanda (2011) |url=https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film787727.html |language=en |access-date=2022-08-04}}</ref> * 2011, [[AFI Fest|AFI FEST]] Best International Feature Film (Audience Award)<ref>{{cite web |title=Kinyarwanda (2011) Awards & Festivals |url=https://mubi.com/films/kinyarwanda/awards |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=mubi.com}}</ref> * 2011, AFI FEST Audience Award (World Cinema){{citation needed|date=August 2022}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ojgrmgbxap7jvh26akce2cgrc309h8h 0 69509 827747 619402 2026-04-29T16:58:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''John and John''''' fim ne [[Ghana|na ƙasar Ghana]] wanda ya ƙunshi abokai biyu waɗanda dukansu ake kira John. Wani Yohanna ya yaudari wani mutum ta hanyar sayar masa da zinari na ƙarya. Abokan biyun sun gudu da kuɗin, amma motarsu ta lalace suka sauka a gidan baƙi. Suna cikin fidda da kuɗin daga jakarsu sai ta fadi kasa ta haifar da fargaba a tsakanin baki da ma'aikatan da ke cikin otal din da kowa ke son sace kudin.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Osafo-Nkansah |first1=Eugene |title=Cast And Crew of "JOHN AND JOHN" Movie To Be Chauffeur Driven In Kantanka Cars |url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/movies/201704/311766.php |website=Peacefmoline |publisher=Eugene Osafo-Nkansah |accessdate=10 November 2018 |archive-date=31 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531152620/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/movies/201704/311766.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=JOHN AND JOHN FULL MOVIE YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kp9ku1LOQQs|language=en|access-date=2019-11-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2017/04/21/john-john-review-kofas-medias-well-scripted-well-acted-well-directed-story-greed-ticks-boxes/|title='John And John' Review - Kofas Media's Well Scripted, Well Acted And Well Directed Story Of Greed Ticks All The Boxes|date=2017-04-21|website=GhanaCelebrities.Com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-04|archive-date=2020-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128155615/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2017/04/21/john-john-review-kofas-medias-well-scripted-well-acted-well-directed-story-greed-ticks-boxes/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2017/august-2nd/movie-theft-these-things-happen-ghanaians-love-john-.php|title=Movie theft: These things happen, Ghanaians love ‘John & John’ – Kofas|date=2017-08-02|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-11-04|archive-date=2019-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104143212/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2017/august-2nd/movie-theft-these-things-happen-ghanaians-love-john-.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2017/april-20th/movie-fans-disappointed-over-john-.php|title=Movie fans disappointed over ‘John & John’|date=2017-04-20|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-11-04|archive-date=2019-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104153604/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2017/april-20th/movie-fans-disappointed-over-john-.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Abin sha'awa, fim ɗin an sai da shi, ba tare da izini ba da aka sake shirya irin fim ɗin Afirka ta Kudu mai suna ''Skeem'' wanda Tim Greene ya rubuta kuma ya ba da Umarni a shekarar 2011.<ref>{{Citation|title=SKEEM vs JOHN & JOHN|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-URwwSMNAA|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref> A cikin 2017, ƴan jarida na Ghana sun tuntubi Greene don duba ikirarin Asamoah na cewa ya sami izinin daidaita fim din, wanda bai yi ba. Asamoah ya yarda ya sayi haƙƙin sake gyarawa, amma bai bi ta ba. Ba a ɗauki matakin shari’a ba, saboda kuɗin da za a bi don bin shari’ar mallakar fasaha a kan Asamoah ba zai yi tasiri ba. == Yan wasan kwaikwayo == * ''Kwadwo Nkansah (Liwin)'' * ''Richard Asante (Kalybos)'' * ''[[Pete Edochie]]'' * ''Nana Ama Mcbrown'' * ''Joselyn Dumas'' * ''KSM'' * ''Patricia Opoku-Agyemang (Ahuofe Patri)'' * ''Bishop Bernard Nyarko'' * ''Selly Galley'' * ''Salma Mumin'' * ''John Dumelo'' * ''Abeiku Santana'' * ''Gracey Nortey'' * ''Grace Omaboe'' * ''Moesha Buduong'' * ''Fella Makafui'' * ''Roselyn Ngissah'' * ''James Gardiner'' * ''Umar Krupp'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] 73knmxw9p1b3l5mjd1ovptv5ftk7l4k 0 71552 827938 609881 2026-04-30T08:50:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Koffi Gaou en pagne.jpg|thumb|Koffi Gahou]] '''Koffi Gahou''' (22 Oktoba 1947-24 ga Agusta 2019) ɗan wasan Benin ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma darekta. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Gahou a [[Cotonou]] ranar 22 ga watan Oktoba, 1947. Ya yi karatu daga shekarun 1986 zuwa 1989 a Cibiyar Nazarin Wasanni a Jami'ar Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3, yana samun lasisin koyarwa. Daga shekarun 1985 zuwa 1986 Gahou ya yi horon horo a Conservatoire National supérieur d'art dramatique a Paris kuma a cikin shekarar 1988, ya sami horo a Institut international de la marionnette.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|language=French|title=Carnet noir : L’artiste plasticien Koffi Gahou a tiré sa révérence - Fraternité|url=https://www.fraternitebj.info/culture/article/carnet-noir-l-artiste-plasticien-koffi-gahou-a-tire-sa-reverence|website=Fraternitebj.info|accessdate=1 October 2020|date=26 August 2019|archive-date=15 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015035721/https://www.fraternitebj.info/culture/article/carnet-noir-l-artiste-plasticien-koffi-gahou-a-tire-sa-reverence|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 1974, ya sami ilimin kansa a fannin fasahar filastik, kaset ɗin bango, sassaka, da gine-ginen ciki. Gahou ya shiga aikin farar hula a matsayin mai fasaha kuma ya yi wasa a cikin rukunin "Cerveaux noirs". Har ila yau, wanda ya kafa kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta "Zama Hara", ya yi nune-nunen ayyukansa a Afirka, Turai, Cuba, da Amurka.<ref>{{cite web|language=French|title=L’artiste Koffi Gahou a tiré sa révérence|url=https://www.24haubenin.info/?L-artiste-Koffi-Gahou-a-tire-sa-reverence|website=24haubenin.info|date=|accessdate=1 October 2020|archive-date=15 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015040053/https://www.24haubenin.info/?L-artiste-Koffi-Gahou-a-tire-sa-reverence|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gahou ya kirkiro aikin zane "Yovo Helou e, Akowe helou e" a cikin shekarar 1990. Yana kwatanta bayi da hannayensu ɗaure a bayansu, kuma ya kasance ya samu babbar nasara.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haehnel |first1=Birgit |last2=Ulz |first2=Melanie |title=Slavery in Art and Literature: Approaches to Trauma, Memory and Visuality |date=2010 |publisher=Frank & Timme GmbH |isbn=3865962432 |page=228}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2000, Gahou ya fito da ɗan'uwan Boubacar, manomi, a cikin fim ɗin ''[[Barbecue Pejo]]'' na [[Jean Odoutan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Barbecue Pejo |url=https://www.offi.fr/cinema/evenement/barbecue-pejo-2966.html |website=Offi.fr |accessdate=1 October 2020 |language=French}}</ref> A cikin sanarwar faifan bidiyo a watan Afrilun 2019, Gahou ya buƙaci a biya shi CFA miliyan 30 da wani ɗan majalisar dokokin Benin ya umurci shi da ya ba shi ta hanyar 3rd Commercial Chamber na Kotun Cotonou. Lamarin ya samo asali ne daga gasar da Gahou ya yi a shekarar 2007 amma bai samu kyautar ba.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adanle |first1=Angele |title=Bénin: un influent député doit près de 30 millions de francs CFA à l’artiste Koffi Gahou |url=https://beninwebtv.com/2019/04/benin-un-influent-depute-doit-pres-de-30-millions-de-francs-cfa-a-lartiste-koffi-gahou/ |website=Benin Web TV |accessdate=1 October 2020 |language=French |date=10 April 2019 |archive-date=15 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015040140/https://beninwebtv.com/2019/04/benin-un-influent-depute-doit-pres-de-30-millions-de-francs-cfa-a-lartiste-koffi-gahou/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gahou ya mutu a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, 2019 a Abomey. An yi jana'izarsa a ranar 25 ga watan Satumba.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bénin: l’artiste comédien Koffi Gahou inhumé ce jour à Abomey |url=https://beninwebtv.com/2019/09/benin-lartiste-comedien-koffi-gahou-inhume-ce-jour-a-abomey/ |website=Benin Web TV |accessdate=1 October 2020 |language=French |date=26 September 2019 |archive-date=14 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014171134/https://beninwebtv.com/2019/09/benin-lartiste-comedien-koffi-gahou-inhume-ce-jour-a-abomey/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Mutuwan 2019]] 0ay1r1ua1b0kjy8uod40quffg6a0sw0 0 73263 827796 550505 2026-04-29T18:43:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joseph Otsiman''' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Ghana wanda ke zaune a New York, wanda aka sani da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Fasto John Moses a cikin The Cursed Ones da Kojo a cikin The Burial of Kojo . <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2016/May-19th/video-interview-with-amaa-2016-nominees-joseph-otsiman-and-ophelia-dzidzornu.php |title=Joseph Otsiman Profile |access-date=2024-03-02 |archive-date=2016-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624141835/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2016/May-19th/video-interview-with-amaa-2016-nominees-joseph-otsiman-and-ophelia-dzidzornu.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kasance dan takarar lambar yabo ta Afirka Movie Academy sau biyu. == Ayyuka == Otsiman buga wasan kwaikwayo, Kojo Bonsu a cikin The Burial of Kojo, wanda Blitz the Ambassador ya jagoranta.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.okayplayer.com/culture/blitz-ambassador-behind-the-scenes-the-burial-of-kojo.html |title=Joseph Otsiman The Burial of Kojo |access-date=2024-03-02 |archive-date=2018-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809184135/http://www.okayplayer.com/culture/blitz-ambassador-behind-the-scenes-the-burial-of-kojo.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zabi shi a matsayin Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Tallafawa a 2016 AMA Awards <ref>{{cite web |url=http://pulse.com.gh/celebrities/joseph-otsiman-getting-no-nomination-at-ghana-movie-awards-was-a-motivation-actor-id5046907.html |title=Joseph Otsiman Cursed Ones Nomination |access-date=2024-03-02 |archive-date=2016-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003124844/http://pulse.com.gh/celebrities/joseph-otsiman-getting-no-nomination-at-ghana-movie-awards-was-a-motivation-actor-id5046907.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a Matsayin Jagora a 2019 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>[https://www.glitzafrica.com/africa-movie-academy-awards-2019-list-of-nominees/]</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] mnoad1r00mukj6tuwuf6bnz7zvl0fzb 0 73933 827877 489499 2026-04-30T00:27:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:XdtlSbNj.jpg_large.jpg |thumb|Kaneez Surka ]] '''Kaneez Surka''' ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Afirka ta Kudu, ƴar wasan ban dariya, kuma Mai amfani da yanar gizo na asalin Indiya, wanda ke aiki galibi a Indiya. Ta fara aikinta ne tare da shirin wasan kwaikwayon The Week That Wasn't.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/people-find-it-easily-digestible-when-guys-are-a-little-crude-comedian-kaneez-surka/story-BwrFZth9a6Dsc8RwXwRilK.html|title=People find it easily digestible when guys are a little crude: Comedian Kaneez Surka|date=2016-12-15|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2018-08-15|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kaneez-surka-aib-amazon-prime-video-5172736/|title=Kaneez Surka on stand-up, multiculturalism and political humour|date=2018-05-13|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-08-15|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/kaneez-surka-im-scared-to-do-stand-up-comedy/19633162|title=Kaneez Surka: I m scared to do stand-up comedy|date=2018-07-24|work=mid-day|access-date=2018-08-15|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://t2online.com/lifestyle/from-metoo-to-bolly-humour-kaneez-surka-really-random-rapid-fire/cid/18784|title=From #MeToo to Bolly humour: Kaneez Surka takes our really random rapid fire|website=t2online.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-15|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331025156/http://t2online.com/lifestyle/from-metoo-to-bolly-humour-kaneez-surka-really-random-rapid-fire/cid/18784|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/watch-mallika-dua-kaneez-surka-reprise-roles-in-aibs-if-apps-were-people-2-4124807.html|title=Watch: Mallika Dua, Kaneez Surka reprise roles in AIB's If Apps Were People 2|work=Firstpost|access-date=2018-08-15|language=en-US}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a kan dandamali daban-daban. Ta kasance alƙali a farkon lokutan biyu na wasan kwaikwayo na gaskiya na Amazon Prime Video Comicstaan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://businessofcinema.com/bollywood_news/comicstaans-latest-episode-focuses-on-kaneez-surkas-improv-round/424196|title=Comicstaan's Latest Episode Focuses On Kaneez Surka's Improv Round!|date=2018-07-24|work=Businessofcinema.com|access-date=2018-08-15|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.glamsham.com/en/comicstaans-latest-episode-focuses-on-kaneez-surkas-improve-round|title=Comicstaan's latest episode focuses on Kaneez Surka's improve round!|website=Glamsham|access-date=2018-08-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/amazon-prime-video-comicstaan-review-the-future-is-pretty-funny|title='Comicstaan' Review: The Future Looks Pretty Funny|work=The Quint|access-date=2018-08-15|language=en}}</ref> Kuma ta karɓi baƙuncin wasan kwaikwayo na kan layi, The General Fun Game Show a [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/youtube-series-comedians-books-reading-the-botcast-books-on-toast/18071158|title=Comedians talk about books they read in new YouTube series|date=2017-03-14|work=mid-day|access-date=2018-08-15|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/things-to-do/things-to-do-in-mumbai-today/articleshow/65409027.cms|title=Things to do in Mumbai today|work=Mumbai Mirror|access-date=2018-08-15}}</ref> == Farkon rayuwa == [[Fayil:Anwesh and Kaneez Surka for Bumble India.jpg|thumb|Kaneez Surka]] An haifi Kaneez Surka kuma ta girma a Mthatha, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Ta yi karatu a DSG, Makarantar Graham kuma ta halarci Jami'ar Rhodes, inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin shari'a da ilimin halayyar ɗan Adam. == Fina-finai == === Web === {| class="wikitable" |2021 |[[Netflix]] |[[Comedy Premium League]] |Stand-up comedy |- |2020 |[[Netflix]] |[[Ladies up]] |Stand-up comedy |- |2018 |[[Amazon Prime Video]] |[[Improv All Stars: Games Night]] |Show conceptualiser, producer and host |- |2005 |Film |[[Dosti: Friends Forever]] |Debut Film (Kareena Kapoor's Date.Time stamp from 01:49:30 to 01:51:25) |- |2014 |TV series |The Living Room | |- |2016 |TV mini-series |How Insensitive! By Kanan Gill |Plays various side-characters |- |2015-2016 |YouTube |AIB Honest Series |AIB: Honest Bars & Restaurants Part 1, 2, 3 AIB: Honest Indian Weddings Part 1, 2 |- |2016 |TV series |Better Life Foundation |Plays Vashma Chandi (1 episode) |- |2017 |YouTube Series |Son of Abish |Season 3 with [[Swara Bhaskar]] (Episode 7)<ref>{{Citation|last=Abish Mathew|title=Son Of Abish feat. Kaneez Surka & Swara Bhaskar|date=2017-11-24|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quAWroEKQUI|access-date=2018-10-17}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" |[[Amazon Prime]] |The Improvisers: Something from Nothing |Herself |- |[[Comicstaan]] Season 1 |Herself - Judge |- |2019 |[[Amazon Prime]] |[[Comicstaan]] Season 2 |Herself - Judge |} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ==Hanyoyin Hadi na waje== * {{IMDb name|nm8595003}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Surka, Kaneez}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] i5cykresxljeve80wd7xyaa3lszy0ip 0 74250 827744 793449 2026-04-29T15:59:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827744 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox person|name=John Dumelo|image=|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1984|02|03|df=y}}|birth_place=|othername=|alma_mater=[[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]]|occupation=Actor, politician|yearsactive=1991–present|spouse=Gifty Mawunya Nkornu|children=2|awards={{ubl|2011 Afro Australian Movies and Music Awards|2017 Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (FESPACO)|Ghanaian movie awards|2017 Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (FESPACO)}}|party=[[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]]|child=}} [[Fayil:Becca in Brazil.jpg|thumb|John Dumelo]] '''John Dumelo''' (an haife shi 3 Fabrairu 1984) ɗan wasan Ghana ne kuma ɗan siyasa. A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2014, ya fito a matsayin dan Ghana na farko da ya fara samun masoya a [[Fezbuk|Facebook]]. Iyayensa sune Mista John Dumelo, wanda injiniyan farar hula ne, da kuma Mrs. Antoinette Dumelo, jami'ar kwastam.<ref>{{cite web|date=19 October 2015|title=Meet the sleek gentleman in the movie industry|url=http://newsghana.com.gh/meet-the-sleek-gentleman-in-the-movie-industry/|access-date=25 October 2015|website=Newsghana.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=18 October 2013|title=Ghanaian Movie Star John Dumelo washes Cars for Charity in Accra!|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/10/18/ghanaian-movie-star-john-dumelo-washes-cars-for-charity-in-accra-photos-of-munachi-abii-rekana-sharon-ojong-uche-odoh-more-at-the-event/|access-date=24 April 2014|website=Bellanaija.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=7 October 2013|title=John Dumelo donates School supplies to underprivileged children in Cameroon|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/10/07/ghanaian-actor-john-dumelo-donates-school-supplies-to-underprivileged-children-in-cameroon/|access-date=24 April 2014|website=Bellanaija.}}</ref><ref name="John Dumelo, Biography3">{{Cite web|title=John Dumelo, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/John-Dumelo-2230|access-date=2023-09-09|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|date=2 April 2014|title=John Dumelo becomes first Ghanaian celebrity to hit 1 million likes|url=http://www.360nobs.com/2014/04/john-dumelo-the-first-ghanaian-celebrity-to-hit-a-million-likes-on-facebook/|access-date=23 April 2014|website=360nobs.|archive-date=24 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424124824/http://www.360nobs.com/2014/04/john-dumelo-the-first-ghanaian-celebrity-to-hit-a-million-likes-on-facebook/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=John Dumelo first Ghanaian actor to hit 1million likes on facebook|url=http://akpraise.com/2014/04/02/john-dumelo-becomes-first-ghanaian-actor-to-hit-1million-likes-on-facebook/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424130052/http://akpraise.com/2014/04/02/john-dumelo-becomes-first-ghanaian-actor-to-hit-1million-likes-on-facebook/|archive-date=24 April 2014|access-date=23 April 2014|website=Akpraise.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=John Dumelo Facebook account|url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/John-Dumelo/103975906645|access-date=24 April 2014|website=Facebook}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2 April 2014|title=John Dumelo is first Ghanaian to hit one million Facebook likes - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/john-dumelo-is-first-ghanaian-to-hit-one-million-facebook-likes/|access-date=23 September 2022|website=Myjoyonline|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=ameyawdebrah.com|date=2014-04-01|title=John Dumelo makes history as he hits 1m Facebook likes {{!}} News Ghana|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/john-dumelo-makes-history-as-he-hits-1m-facebook-likes/|access-date=2023-09-09|website=newsghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite web|date=24 June 2020|title=Face to Face with Ayawaso West Wuogon NDC Parliamentary candidate, John Dumelo|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVkxjtkeexM&list=PLAzIAySt6PkM9OCVxnuwNn2_cguGiJR6H&index=28|website=Citi Tube}}</ref><ref name="ghanaweb.com2">{{Cite web|date=1970-01-01|title=Landlords Will Stop Taking Two Years Rent Advance If One or Two of Them Are Arrested – John Dumelo|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/education/frencheducationgh/Landlords-Will-Stop-Taking-Two-Years-Rent-Advance-If-One-or-Two-of-Them-Are-Arrested-John-Dumelo-5609|access-date=2023-09-09|website=GhanaWeb|language=en|archive-date=2023-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106193946/https://www.ghanaweb.com/education/frencheducationgh/Landlords-Will-Stop-Taking-Two-Years-Rent-Advance-If-One-or-Two-of-Them-Are-Arrested-John-Dumelo-5609|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Dumelo a [[Ghana]] kuma ya yi karatunsa na farko a makarantar Christ the King da ke [[Accra]].<ref name="citinewsroom.com2">{{Cite web|date=24 June 2020|title=Nigerians don't produce better movies than Ghanaians – John Dumelo|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/nigerians-dont-produce-better-movies-than-ghanaians-john-dumelo/|access-date=3 February 2021|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="John Dumelo, Biography2">{{Cite web|title=John Dumelo, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/John-Dumelo-2230|access-date=2023-09-09|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=milladosman|date=2015-10-17|title=John Dumelo|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/profile-john-dumelo/hlkvp5f|access-date=2023-09-09|website=Pulse Ghana|language=en}}</ref> Ya halarci makarantar Achimota acd yana cikin kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo sannan kuma ya ci Fliers Guy a kyautar Mo-TOWN sannan ya karanci Injiniya a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah . Ya yi takara a "Mr University kuma" yayi nasara a KNUST. Daga baya, ya shiga makarantar GIMPA 's School of Public Service and Governance. <ref name="Online" /> Ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a farkon shekarun 1990 a cikin wani fim na 1992 mai suna ''[[Baby Thief]]'' a lokacin da yake halartar makarantar Christ the King kuma an biya shi [[Ghana]] Cedis 20,000 (a halin yanzu 2 [[Ghana]] Cedis) yana da shekaru <ref name="Online2">{{Cite web|title=John Dumelo Enrols At GIMPA|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201609/292154.php|access-date=1 February 2020|website=peace fm online|archive-date=1 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201135232/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201609/292154.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hcuc.edu.gh/2017/10/28/john-dumelo-visits-hcc/|title=John Dumelo visits HCC|date=28 October 2017|website=Heritage Christian College|language=en-US|access-date=27 August 2019|archive-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022172557/https://hcuc.edu.gh/2017/10/28/john-dumelo-visits-hcc/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Online2"/> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jon Dumelo in 1991 film 'Baby thief - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/October-24th/jon-dumelo-in-1991-film-baby-thief.php|access-date=1 February 2020|website=Myjoyonline.|archive-date=10 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010231217/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2014/October-24th/jon-dumelo-in-1991-film-baby-thief.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=24 June 2020|title=Face to Face with Ayawaso West Wuogon NDC Parliamentary candidate, John Dumelo|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVkxjtkeexM&list=PLAzIAySt6PkM9OCVxnuwNn2_cguGiJR6H&index=28|website=Citi Tube}}</ref> == Kasuwancin kasuwanci == Baya ga kasancewa ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na duniya, Dumelo ɗan kasuwa ne. Ya ƙaddamar da layin tufafinsa (J.Melo) a cikin 2012. An kuma san jarumin yana da hannu wajen noman amfanin gona da dabbobi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Video: John Dumelo plays 'spa with the boys'|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/December-3rd/video-john-dumelo-plays-spa-with-the-boys.php|access-date=1 February 2020|website=Myjoyonline}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Adu|first=Dennis|date=3 August 2018|title=PHOTO: John Dumelo goes into the clothing industry|url=https://www.adomonline.com/photo-john-dumelo-goes-into-the-clothing-industry/|access-date=27 August 2019|website=Adomonline|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fashionghana.com/site/ghanaian-actor-john-dumelo-launches-a-clothing-line-jmelo-clothing/|title=Ghanaian Actor John Dumelo Launches A Clothing Line – Jmelo Clothing: {{!}} FashionGHANA.com: 100% African Fashion|last=Ben|date=9 October 2014|language=en-US|access-date=27 August 2019|archive-date=22 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122235525/https://www.fashionghana.com/site/ghanaian-actor-john-dumelo-launches-a-clothing-line-jmelo-clothing/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=John Dumelo Launches J Melo In USA|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/fashion/201201/89546.php|access-date=2023-09-09|website=Peacefmonline - Ghana news|archive-date=2023-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026091108/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/fashion/201201/89546.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-10-09|title=John Dumelo announces official J.Melo website|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/John-Dumelo-announces-official-J-Melo-website-329626|access-date=2023-09-09|website=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/52903/john-dumelo-now-into-cucumber-farming.html|title=John Dumelo Now Into Cucumber Farming|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Farming Should Be Africa's Focus – John Dumelo|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201708/324686.php|access-date=27 August 2019|website=peace fm online|archive-date=27 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827101956/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201708/324686.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adu|first=Dennis|date=6 December 2019|title=Farmers' Day: Dumelo shows off snail farm; reveals truth about farming|url=https://www.adomonline.com/farmers-day-dumelo-shows-off-snail-farm-reveals-truth-about-farming/|access-date=1 February 2020|website=Adomonline|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=My Farm Will Feed Thousands Of Ghanaians — Says John Dumelo|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201805/351200.php|access-date=27 August 2019|website=peace fm online.|archive-date=27 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827101955/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201805/351200.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/video-i-want-my-farms-to-be-bigger-than-darko-farms-john-dumelo.html|title=VIDEO: I want to be bigger than Darko Farms - John Dumelo|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=I employ about 400 people every year to work on my farms – John Dumelo|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/i-employ-about-400-people-every-year-to-work-on-my-farms-john-dumelo|access-date=2023-09-09|website=Myjoyonline|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1970-01-01|title=Multi-Talented John Dumelo: From Award-Winning Actor to Promoting Agriculture and Political Aspirations|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/lifestyle/bigayehmedia/Multi-Talented-John-Dumelo-From-Award-Winning-Actor-to-Promoting-Agriculture-and-Political-Aspirations-92081|access-date=2023-09-09|website=GhanaWeb|language=en|archive-date=2023-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026090720/https://www.ghanaweb.com/lifestyle/bigayehmedia/Multi-Talented-John-Dumelo-From-Award-Winning-Actor-to-Promoting-Agriculture-and-Political-Aspirations-92081|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Shiga cikin siyasa == A lokacin yakin neman zaben jam'iyyar NDC ta National Democratic Congress (Ghana) A shekarar 2016, Dumelo ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun mutane da suka yi fice wajen yakin neman zaben [[Gwamnati|gwamnatin]] NDC. Jita-jita ta yada cewa, a matsayin godiya ga yadda ya shiga da kishin kasa a jam'iyyar, tsohon shugaban kasar [[Ghana]] HE [[John Mahama|John Dramani Mahama]] ne ya kira shi ya nada shi domin ya yi hidimar jam'iyyarsa a matsayin Daraktan Ayyuka na kungiyar matasa masu goyon bayan NDC. National Democratic Congress (NDC).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adeecrowngist.com/john-dumelo-fans-cries-out-after-been-appointed-as-director-of-ndc-political-youth-group-leader-by-the-president-of-ghana/|title=John Dumelo Fans Cries Out" after being appointed as Director of NDC political youth group leader by the president of Ghana|website=Adeecrwongist.com|date=3 November 2016|access-date=13 July 2018|archive-date=13 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713141109/https://www.adeecrowngist.com/john-dumelo-fans-cries-out-after-been-appointed-as-director-of-ndc-political-youth-group-leader-by-the-president-of-ghana/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/john-dumelo-appointed-agenda-for-mahamaoperations-director/|title=John Dumelo Appointed Agenda for Mahama'Operations Director|website=Newsghana.com.gh|access-date=13 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ghanapoliticsonline.com/joining-ndc-has-not-affected-my-career-john-dumelo/|title=Joining NDC has not affected my career – John Dumelo|website=Ghanapoliticsonline.com|date=30 December 2015|access-date=13 July 2018}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2016/july-5th/john-dumelo-appointed-operations-director-for-agenda-for-mahama.php|title=John Dumelo appointed Operations Director for 'Agenda for Mahama'|date=5 July 2016|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-date=1 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201132654/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2016/july-5th/john-dumelo-appointed-operations-director-for-agenda-for-mahama.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2019, Dumelo ya karɓi fom ɗin tsayawa takara don tsayawa takara a jam'iyyar NDC a matsayin ɗan takarar majalisa. A ranar 24 ga watan Agusta 2019, ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na majalisar NDC don wakiltar NDC a mazabar Ayawaso West Wougon a babban zaben 2020. Ya yi nasarar kaddamar da takardar yakin neman zabensa na zaben 2020 a ranar Lahadi, 18 ga watan Oktoba, 2020, inda ya yi alkawarin bayar da rabin albashin sa don ci gaban matasa a mazabar idan aka zabe shi. A ranar 7 ga Disamba, 2020, John Dumelo ya sha kaye a zaben 'yan majalisa zuwa sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party (NPP) mai ci Lydia Alhassan na mazabar Ayawaso West Wuogon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/August-24th/john-dumelo-wins-ndc-primaries-with-758-votes.php|title=Videos/Photos: John Dumelo wins NDC Primaries with 758 votes|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=27 August 2019|archive-date=18 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118011308/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/August-24th/john-dumelo-wins-ndc-primaries-with-758-votes.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adomonline.com/dumelo-wins-ayawaso-west-wuogon-primary/|title=Dumelo wins Ayawaso West Wuogon primary|last=Abedu-Kennedy|first=Dorcas|date=24 August 2019|website=Adomonline.com|language=en-US|access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thebftonline.com/2019/top-headlines/john-dumelo-wins-ndc-primaries-with-758-votes/|title=John Dumelo wins NDC Primaries with 758 votes {{!}} Business & Financial Times Online|last=Otoo|first=Lilipearl Baaba|language=en-US|access-date=27 August 2019|archive-date=27 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827120449/https://thebftonline.com/2019/top-headlines/john-dumelo-wins-ndc-primaries-with-758-votes/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=John Dumelo Wins Ayawaso West Wuogon NDC Primaries|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201908/389832.php|access-date=1 February 2020|website=peace fm online|archive-date=1 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201132653/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201908/389832.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-24|title=#NDCDecides: Dumelo floors contender to win Ayawaso West Wuogon primary|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/08/ndcdecides-dumelo-floors-contender-to-win-ayawaso-west-wuogon-primary/|access-date=2023-09-09|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Annang|first=Evans|date=2023-08-14|title=John Dumelo is our official parliamentary candidate for Ayawaso West Wuogon – NDC|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/john-dumelo-is-our-official-parliamentary-candidate-for-ayawaso-west-wuogon-ndc/tse4bsz|access-date=2023-09-09|website=Pulse Ghana|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=19 October 2020|title=I will commit half of my salary to youth development - Dumelo|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/politics/i-will-commit-half-of-my-salary-to-youth-development-dumelo/|access-date=19 October 2020|website=MyJoyOnline.|language=en-US|archive-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203080500/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/politics/i-will-commit-half-of-my-salary-to-youth-development-dumelo/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=VIDEO: John Dumelo Takes His Wife On Campaign Trail|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/202010/430285.php|access-date=19 October 2020|website=Peacefmonline - Ghana news|archive-date=21 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021195730/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/202010/430285.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/John-Dumelo-tastes-defeat-NDC-contesting-results-declared-by-the-EC-1128935|title=John Dumelo tastes defeat, NDC contesting results declared by the EC|publisher=GhanaWeb|date=8 December 2020|access-date=8 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=John Dumelo lost Ayawaso West Wuogon Constituency to Lydia|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/world-55226446|access-date=8 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayawaso West Wuogon: Lydia Alhassan defeats John Dumelo|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ayawaso-west-wuogon-lydia-alhassan-defeats-john-dumelo.html|access-date=8 December 2020|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=John Dumelo for Ayawaso West Wuogon constituency? Social media reacts|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/composition/comp-news/hp-news-8/john-dumelo-for-ayawaso-west-wuogon-constituency-social-media-reacts/|access-date=8 December 2020|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-08|title=Dumelo loses; Lydia Alhassan retains Ayawaso West Wuogon seat|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/12/dumelo-loses-lydia-alhassan-retains-ayawaso-west-wuogon-seat/|access-date=2023-09-09|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == John Dumelo ya auri Gifty Mawunya Nkornu. Yayi gagarumin bikin aure a Royal Senchi Resort dake Akosombo . An haifi ɗan fari na ma'auratan a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2018. Ana kiran shi John Dumelo Jnr. , bayan mahaifinsa. An haifi yaronsu na biyu, mace, mai suna Mali Dumelo, a ranar 10 ga Yuni 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Dumelo, wife welcome first child|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/October-16th/john-dumelo-wife-welcome-first-child-5-months-after-wedding.php|access-date=1 February 2020|website=Myjoyonline.|archive-date=18 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818170712/https://myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/October-16th/john-dumelo-wife-welcome-first-child-5-months-after-wedding.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=John Dumelo finally shows face of his son and Ghanaians are talking|url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/africa/ghana/john-dumelo-finally-shows-face-of-his-son-and-ghanaians-are-talking/ar-AABlAew|access-date=1 February 2020|website=MSN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Aryee|first=Naa Ayeley|date=2018-10-17|title=John Dumelo welcomes baby; shares cute photo of his son|url=https://yen.com.gh/117430-john-dumelo-wife-gifty-child.html|access-date=2023-09-09|website=Yen - Ghana news.|language=en|archive-date=2023-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106193946/https://yen.com.gh/117430-john-dumelo-wife-gifty-child.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-16|title=Dumelo and wife happily welcome their first child|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/10/dumelo-and-wife-happily-welcome-their-first-child/|access-date=2023-09-09|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=16 October 2018|title=Dumelo and wife happily welcome their first child|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/10/dumelo-and-wife-happily-welcome-their-first-child/|access-date=23 September 2022|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/lifestyle/xorlali/Meet-Mali-Dumelo-The-Cute-Daughter-Of-John-Dumelo-5537#:~:text=The%20internet%20is%20currently%20buzzing,beautiful%20wife%20Gifty%20Mawunya%20Nkornu. |access-date=2024-03-06 |archive-date=2023-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026092319/https://www.ghanaweb.com/lifestyle/xorlali/Meet-Mali-Dumelo-The-Cute-Daughter-Of-John-Dumelo-5537#:~:text=The%20internet%20is%20currently%20buzzing,beautiful%20wife%20Gifty%20Mawunya%20Nkornu. |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Baby No. 2: John Dumelo Unveils His Daughter - VIDEO|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/202206/468467.php|access-date=2023-09-09|website=Peacefmonline. - Ghana news|archive-date=2023-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026085856/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/202206/468467.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/lifestyle/xorlali/Meet-Mali-Dumelo-The-Cute-Daughter-Of-John-Dumelo-5537#:~:text=The%20internet%20is%20currently%20buzzing,beautiful%20wife%20Gifty%20Mawunya%20Nkornu. |access-date=2024-03-06 |archive-date=2023-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026092319/https://www.ghanaweb.com/lifestyle/xorlali/Meet-Mali-Dumelo-The-Cute-Daughter-Of-John-Dumelo-5537#:~:text=The%20internet%20is%20currently%20buzzing,beautiful%20wife%20Gifty%20Mawunya%20Nkornu. |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwanan nan ya ba da labarin mutuwar mahaifiyarsa, wanda ya faru a ranar 15 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/John-Dumelo-announces-death-of-mother-1825829#:~:text=Ghanaian%20actor%2C%20John%20Dumelo%2C%20has,Tuesday%2C%20August%2015%2C%202023. https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/John-Dumelo-announces-death-of-mother-1825829#:~:text=Ghanaian%20actor%2C%20John%20Dumelo%2C%20has,Tuesday%2C%20August%2015%2C%202023.]</ref> === NSMQ prediction === A cikin Oktoba 2023, Dumelo ya yi alkawarin tafiya "baya ba takalmi daga babbar kofa ta UG zuwa babbar kofa ta Presec " idan Presec-Legon ya ci nasarar Kimiyya da Lissafi ta Kasa. Ya kammala tafiya bayan Presec-Legon ya yi nasara.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-10-31|title=John Dumelo walks backward barefooted from UG to PRESEC after NSMQ prediction backfired - MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/john-dumelo-walks-backward-barefooted-from-ug-to-presec-after-nsmq-prediction-backfired/|access-date=2023-11-01|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-10-31|title=John Dumelo fulfils promise, walks backward barefoot to PRESEC|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/John-Dumelo-fulfils-promise-walks-backward-barefoot-to-PRESEC-1872500|access-date=2023-11-01|website=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gyesi|first=Zadok Kwame|date=31 October 2023|title=John Dumelo walks bare footed backwards to PRESEC after losing bet|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/john-dumelo-walks-bare-footed-and-backwards-to-presec-after-losing-bet.html|access-date=1 November 2023|website=Graphic Online}}</ref> == Filmography == Ya yi fina-finai da dama, ciki har da:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://irokotv.com/actor/260/john-dumelo|title=John Dumelo films on iROKOtv|website=Irokotv.com|access-date=24 April 2014|archive-date=2 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302003024/http://irokotv.com/actor/260/john-dumelo|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''4Play'' * 40 Looks Good on You * ''A Northern Affair'' (2014) * ''Adams Apples film series'' (2011–2012) * ''A Private Storm'' (2010) * ''A Night with Her'' * ''After the Wedding'' * ''Black Men Rock'' (2018) * ''Blackmoney'' (2012) * ''Beautiful Ruins'' (2016) * ''Baby Thief'' (1991) * ''Blind Lust'' * ''Chelsea'' * ''Suncity'' * ''Crime Suspect'' * ''Double Cross'' (2014) * ''End of Mirror of Life'' (2011) * ''End of Brides War'' * ''End of the Maidens'' * ''Final Innocent Sin'' * ''Ghetto Queen'' * ''Gold Not Silver'' * ''Hearts of men'' (2009) * ''Hero'' * ''Holy Secret'' * ''Humble Hero'' * ''Hunted House'' * ''If God Be for Us'' (2016) * ''Letters to my Mother'' * ''Love Alone'' * ''Love or Something Like That'' (2014) * ''Marriage Planner'' * ''Mirror of Life'' * ''Men in Love'' (2010) * ''My Fantasy'' * ''Never Again'' * ''One Night in Vegas'' * ''One in a Million'' * ''Of Sentimental Value'' * ''Queens Pride'' * ''Single Six'' * ''Single, Married and Complicated'' * ''Secret Shadows'' * ''Tales Of Nazir – The Movie"'' * ''The Game'' (2010) * ''The King is Mine'' * ''The Maidens'' * ''The Perfect Picture'' * ''The Perfect Picture - Ten Years Later'' * ''The Prince Bride'' * ''The Snake Boy'' * ''The Supremo'' * ''Ties that Bind'' * ''To Love a Prince'' == Yabo == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Year !Award !Category !Film !Result |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |[[2010 Best of Nollywood Awards|Best of Nollywood Awards]] |Best Actor in a Leading Role |''The Maidens'' | {{Nom}} |- |[[6th Africa Movie Academy Awards|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] |Most Promising Actor |''[[Heart of Men (fim)|Heart of Men]]'' | {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |Afro Australian Movies and Music Awards |African Most outstanding Actor | | {{Won}} |- |[[7th Africa Movie Academy Awards|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] |Best Actor in a supporting role |''A Private Storm'' | {{Nom}} |- |2012 |[[Ghana Movie Awards]] |Best actor in a Lead role |''Queen Latifa'' | {{Nom}} |- |2013 |[[Ghana Movie Awards]] |Best Actor in a lead role |''[[A Northern Affair]]'' | {{Won}} |- |2017 |2017 Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (FESPACO) |Best Actor West Africa |''[[A Northern Affair]]'' | {{Won}} |- |} == Girmamawa == A watan Janairun 2023, Jami'ar Ghana ta karrama shi saboda irin taimakon da ya yi wa dalibansu.<ref /><ref /><ref /><ref /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb name|3847554}} * https://yen.com.gh/41239-john-dumelo-ghanas-tourism-ambassador.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305171556/https://yen.com.gh/41239-john-dumelo-ghanas-tourism-ambassador.html |date=2017-03-05 }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1984]] 1muowe85zp0r9dip1edvndlbcz27v0n 0 74429 827871 407644 2026-04-29T23:06:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kajala Masanja''' yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma tauraruwar fina-finai a [[Tanzaniya]] .<ref name="allafrica">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201608220322.html|title=Tanzania: Court Sets Free Bongo Movies Actress Kajala|website=allAfrica.com 22 August 2016 by Faustine Kapama|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghafla.com/tz/staa-wa-filamu-ya-bongo-kajala-masanja-afunguka-kuhusu-kutumia-bangi/|title=Staa wa filamu ya Bongo Kajala Masanja afunguka kuhusu yeye kutumia bangi - Ghafla!Tanzania|first=Martin|last=Oduor|website=www.ghafla.com|access-date=2024-03-08|archive-date=2019-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515171146/http://www.ghafla.com/tz/staa-wa-filamu-ya-bongo-kajala-masanja-afunguka-kuhusu-kutumia-bangi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta lashe lambar yabo ta 2016 [[EATV]] ( [[East Africa Television|Tsarin Talabijin na Gabashin Afirka]] ) na 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. Ta auri tsohon ma'aikacin banki [[Faraji Chambo]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actress Kajala Hints Break-up With Harmonize |url=https://lookuptv.co.ke/story/actress-kajala-hints-break-up-with-harmonize/ |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=look up tv |language=en}}</ref> Ta fito a cikin fim din 2012 [[Kijiji Cha Tambua Haki]] tare da Steven Kanumba . Ita ce batun tsegumin masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tuko.co.ke/amp/271750-sultry-tanzanian-actress-kajala-accused-breaking-rich-producers-marriage.html|title=Sultry Tanzanian actress Kajala accused of breaking rich producer's marriage|first=Douglas|last=Baya|publisher=}}</ref> Ta kasance a ''Basilisa'' (2011) da ''Jeraha la Moyo'' (2012).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://friedplantains.com/person/kajala-masanja|title=Kajala Masanja - Profile & Filmography - Fried Plantains|first=|last=FP|website=friedplantains.com}}</ref> == Fina-finai == <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/kajala-masanja|title=Kajala Masanja - Actor, — Bongo Movies|website=www.bongocinema.com|access-date=2024-03-08|archive-date=2021-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307055829/http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/kajala-masanja|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kigodoro * Jeraha la Moyo * Yaro Gida * Vita Baridi * Yarinyar Gidan & Yaro * Dhuluma * Gajerar hanya * Basilisa * Kai Ni da Shi * Mulkin aljannu == Duba kuma == * [[Sinima a Tanzaniya|Cinema na Tanzaniya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb name|14051753}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] b7gtrolbyw277atod15ad0mti6l5bnt 827872 827871 2026-04-29T23:06:10Z KiranBOT 35988 cire bin AMP daga URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|cikakkun bayanai]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|rahoton kuskure]]) v2.2.9s 827872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kajala Masanja''' yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma tauraruwar fina-finai a [[Tanzaniya]] .<ref name="allafrica">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201608220322.html|title=Tanzania: Court Sets Free Bongo Movies Actress Kajala|website=allAfrica.com 22 August 2016 by Faustine Kapama|access-date=2018-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghafla.com/tz/staa-wa-filamu-ya-bongo-kajala-masanja-afunguka-kuhusu-kutumia-bangi/|title=Staa wa filamu ya Bongo Kajala Masanja afunguka kuhusu yeye kutumia bangi - Ghafla!Tanzania|first=Martin|last=Oduor|website=www.ghafla.com|access-date=2024-03-08|archive-date=2019-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515171146/http://www.ghafla.com/tz/staa-wa-filamu-ya-bongo-kajala-masanja-afunguka-kuhusu-kutumia-bangi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta lashe lambar yabo ta 2016 [[EATV]] ( [[East Africa Television|Tsarin Talabijin na Gabashin Afirka]] ) na 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. Ta auri tsohon ma'aikacin banki [[Faraji Chambo]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actress Kajala Hints Break-up With Harmonize |url=https://lookuptv.co.ke/story/actress-kajala-hints-break-up-with-harmonize/ |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=look up tv |language=en}}</ref> Ta fito a cikin fim din 2012 [[Kijiji Cha Tambua Haki]] tare da Steven Kanumba . Ita ce batun tsegumin masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/271750-sultry-tanzanian-actress-kajala-accused-breaking-rich-producers-marriage.html|title=Sultry Tanzanian actress Kajala accused of breaking rich producer's marriage|first=Douglas|last=Baya|publisher=}}</ref> Ta kasance a ''Basilisa'' (2011) da ''Jeraha la Moyo'' (2012).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://friedplantains.com/person/kajala-masanja|title=Kajala Masanja - Profile & Filmography - Fried Plantains|first=|last=FP|website=friedplantains.com}}</ref> == Fina-finai == <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/kajala-masanja|title=Kajala Masanja - Actor, — Bongo Movies|website=www.bongocinema.com|access-date=2024-03-08|archive-date=2021-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307055829/http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/kajala-masanja|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kigodoro * Jeraha la Moyo * Yaro Gida * Vita Baridi * Yarinyar Gidan & Yaro * Dhuluma * Gajerar hanya * Basilisa * Kai Ni da Shi * Mulkin aljannu == Duba kuma == * [[Sinima a Tanzaniya|Cinema na Tanzaniya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb name|14051753}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 238lnhmaw5aodh7nsw787krznzoqa1f 0 81487 827864 814740 2026-04-29T22:02:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ka'idodin dabi'ar halitta''' (wanda kuma ake kira da'a mai dogaro da rayuwa) wani reshe ne na xa'a wanda ke darajar ba nau'ikan halittu kawai ba, amma rayuwa kanta. A kan wannan, ka'idodin biotic suna bayyana manufar ɗan adam don aminta da yada rayuwa.da alaƙa da ilimin halittu, da ka'idodin muhalli waɗanda ke neman adana nau'ikan da ke akwai. Koyaya, da'a na biotic suna da darajar gabaɗaya kwayoyin halitta/rayuwar sunadaran ita kanta, sifofi da tsarin da duk biota ke rabawa. Waɗannan matakai suna haifar da yaɗa kai, manufa mai tasiri wacce mutane ke rabawa tare da duk rayuwa. Kasancewa cikin rai sannan yana nufin manufar ɗan adam don kiyayewa da yada rayuwa. <ref name="Bioethics">{{Cite journal |last=Mautner |first=Michael N. |year=2009 |title=Life-centered ethics, and the human future in space |url=http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFLifeCenteredBioethics2009Paper.pdf |journal=Bioethics |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=433–440 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00688.x |pmid=19077128 |s2cid=25203457 |access-date=2024-07-13 |archive-date=2012-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102064743/http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFLifeCenteredBioethics2009Paper.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan manufar ta bayyana ainihin ɗabi'un ɗabi'a: Ayyukan da ke ƙarfafa rayuwa suna da kyau, kuma ayyukan da ke lalata rayuwa mugaye ne. Ka'idodin Panbiotic sun shimfiɗa waɗannan ka'idodin zuwa sararin samaniya, neman amintaccen da faɗaɗa rayuwa a cikin galaxy.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2013}} Bioctical ethics ya bayyana rayuwa a matsayin "tsarin da sakamakon sa shine haihuwar kai na tsarin kwayoyin rikitarwa".  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2013}}Wannan rayuwar kwayoyin halitta tana da matsayi na musamman a cikin yanayi a cikin rikitarwa da kuma cikin dokokin da ke ba da damar wanzuwa, a cikin hadin kan halittu na dukan rayuwa, <ref name="Baldauf">{{Cite journal |last=Baldauf |first=S. L. |last2=Palmer |first2=J. D. |last3=Doolittle |first3=W. F. |year=1996 |title=The Root of the Universal Tree and the Origin of Eukaryotic Phylogeny |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA |volume=93 |issue=15 |pages=7749–7754 |doi=10.1073/pnas.93.15.7749 |pmc=38819 |pmid=8755547 |doi-access=free}}</ref> kuma a cikin son kansa na musamman. Dangane da waɗannan fahimtar kimiyya, ka'idojin halittu na iya samar da tushe ga ka'idoji na duniya, yayin da kuma ya dace da koyarwar addini waɗanda ke darajar rayuwa. Ka'idojin halittu, da fadada su zuwa sararin samaniya a matsayin ka'idojin panbiotic, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mautner |first=M. N. |year=1995 |title=Directed Panspermia. 2. Technological advances toward seeding other solar systems, and the foundations of panbiotic ethics |journal=J. British Interplanetary Soc. |volume=48 |pages=435–440}}</ref> <ref name="Panspermia3">{{Cite journal |last=Mautner |first=M. N. |year=1997 |title=Directed panspermia. 3. Strategies and motivation for seeding star-forming clouds |url=http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFDirectedPanspermia3JBIS1997Paper.pdf |journal=J. British Interplanetary Soc. |volume=50 |pages=93–102 |bibcode=1997JBIS...50...93M |access-date=2024-07-13 |archive-date=2012-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102064738/http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFDirectedPanspermia3JBIS1997Paper.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> suna da alaƙa da falsafar da aka yi amfani da ita da ka'idoji, da kuma magance batutuwan ka'idozi da [[Biotechnology|Fasahar halittu]] da aikace-aikacen da za su iya samu a sararin samaniya. Wadannan batutuwan sun tayar da tambayoyin ka'idoji na asali. Yaya za mu iya canzawa, kuma har yanzu muna adanawa, rayuwa da mutuntaka? Shin za mu iya canza DNA da sunadarai waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga ilmin halitta? Shin za mu iya ƙirƙirar cyborgs na mutum / na'ura mai ƙarfi, ko kuma waɗannan za su yi barazanar maye gurbin rayuwa ta halitta? Yaya yawan rayuwa da za mu gina a sararin samaniya? Gabaɗaya, ɗabi'ar halittu na iya amincewa da waɗannan ci gaba idan sun taimaka wajen yada rayuwa. Wannan jagorar ɗabi'a na iya zama da mahimmanci yayin da ci gaban fasaha ke sa ƙirar ɗan adam ta cika kanta. Rayuwa za ta iya rayuwa ne kawai idan sha'awar rayuwa kanta koyaushe tana yaduwa. Biotic ethics (or "life-centered ethics"), and its extension to space as panbiotic ethics, were developed formally.{{When}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2013)">when?</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup>{{by whom|date=June 2020}}<ref name="Bioethics"/><ref name="Panspermia3"/> Biotic ethics is consequentialist, with principles that are consistent with environmental ethics, including [[Muhalli mai zurfi|Deep Ecology]], biocentric ethics <ref name="Bill">{{Cite journal |last=Bill |first=D. |year=2001 |title=The Deep, Long Ecological Movement 1960 – 2000. A Review |journal=Ethics and the Environment |volume=6 |pages=18–41 |doi=10.1353/een.2001.0004 |doi-access=free}}</ref> and aspects of anthropocentrism, that aim to protect existing species and ecosystems. Biotic ethics is similar but more general, as it values not specific species but the core processes of all gene/protein life, present and future. == Tattaunawar da ta samo asali daga kimiyya don ka'idojin halittu == === Haɗin kai na rayuwa === [[Biology|Ilimin halittu]] yana amfani da jerin DNA a cikin lambar kwayar halitta don sunadarai waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen haifar da jerin DNA. Dukkanin kwayoyin halitta suna raba waɗannan kwayoyin halitta / furotin, lambar DNA ta yau da kullun, da sunadarai masu rikitarwa, membranes da kayan aikin makamashi na adenosine triphosphate na sel. Wannan rikitarwa, da tushen gama gari, <ref name="Baldauf"/> da kuma makomar da aka raba, sun haɗa dukkan rayuwa. <ref name="Cosmology">{{Cite journal |last=Mautner |first=Michael N. |year=2005 |title=Life in the cosmological future: Resources, biomass and populations |url=http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFCosmologyJBIS2005Paper.pdf |journal=Journal of the British Interplanetary Society |volume=58 |pages=167–180 |bibcode=2005JBIS...58..167M |access-date=2024-07-13 |archive-date=2018-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613140356/http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFCosmologyJBIS2005Paper.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Wuri na musamman na rayuwa a cikin yanayi === Ilimin halittu ya dogara da daidaito na ka'idojin kimiyyar nukiliya, nauyi, ƙarfin lantarki da thermodynamics waɗanda ke ba da damar taurari, taurari masu zama, ilmin sunadarai da ilmin halitta su wanzu. Bugu da ƙari, rayuwa tana da manufa mai tasiri, yaduwar kai. Saboda haka sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi rayuwa, ya ƙunshi manufa. A cikin waɗannan fannoni sararin samaniya ya zo ga wani batu na musamman a rayuwa. == Aikace-aikacen ka'idojin halittu == === Yaya za mu iya canzawa, amma har yanzu muna adana, bil'adama da rayuwa? === Ana iya so a sami canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin ilmin halitta, musamman don daidaitawa da sararin samaniya, kamar yadda marubuta daga Konstantin Tsiolkovsky zuwa Freeman Dyson suka hango. Futurists kuma sun bincika ka'idojin rayuwar ɗan adam a sararin samaniya da kuma duniya a cikin waɗannan batutuwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McKay |first=C. P. |year=1990 |title=Does Mars have rights? An approach to the environmental ethics of planetary engineering. In Moral Expertise, D. MacNiven, ed. |publisher=Routledge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=A. |year=1993 |title=Ethics and the extraterrestrial environment |journal=Journal of Applied Philosophy |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=227–236 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-5930.1993.tb00078.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fogg |first=M. J. |year=1995 |title=Terraforming: engineering planetary environments |publisher=Society of Automotive Engineers}}</ref> Daidaitawa zuwa sararin samaniya na iya haɗawa da juriya ga radiation, gaɓoɓin photosynthetic da na hasken rana, gaɓɓoɓen wucin gadi da na robot, da daidaitawa da microgravity. Idan mutane sun canza haka, za su ci gaba da rayuwa? Shin muna da niyyar adana jinsunan mutane, ko kuma taimaka wajen juyin halitta? Ta hanyar ka'idojin halittu, jinsunan ɗan adam ba za su ƙare ba idan an adana kwayoyinmu kuma an faɗaɗa su a cikin mutane masu ci gaba, kamar tasirin juyin halitta. Ƙarin sauye-sauye na asali suna canza DNA zuwa XNA kuma suna ƙara sabbin tushe na nucleic, da kuma ƙirar sunadarai waɗanda ke ƙunshe da amino acid na roba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kirby |first=J. |last2=Kisling |first2=J. D. |year=2008 |title=Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for isoprenoid production |journal=Nat. Prod. Rep. |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=656–661 |doi=10.1039/b802939c |pmid=18663389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kool |first=E. T. |year=2003 |title=Replacing the nucleobases in DNA with designer molecules |journal=Accounts of Chemical Research |volume=35 |issue=11 |pages=936–943 |doi=10.1021/ar000183u |pmid=12437318}}</ref> Wadannan ci gaba suna shafar tsarin kwayar halitta / furotin. Shin wannan canjin biochemistry har yanzu yana ci gaba da tsarin rayuwarmu na kwayoyin halitta? Ka'idojin kwayoyin halitta na iya amincewa da su idan sun taimaka wajen ci gaba da haihuwar kwayar halitta / furotin. Koyaya, ka'idojin halittu ba za su iya ba da izinin maye gurbin rayuwar halittu ta hanyar robots ba, koda kuwa sun fi ƙarfin hali da basira fiye da mutane. Ta hanyar ka'idojin halittu, kawar da rayuwa ta halitta saboda kowane dalili shine mafi girman mugunta. Robots na iya zama da amfani, amma iko ya kamata ya kasance tare da kwakwalwa ta halitta tare da sha'awar kai don yada kwayar halitta / rayuwar furotin. === Biota na gaba, da rayuwa a sararin samaniya === Biotiki da ka'idojin panbiotic suna ba da shawarar amfani da sarari don kara rayuwa. Lalle ne, gwaje-gwaje na astroecology sun nuna cewa kayan asteroid / meteorite na iya tallafawa dubban tiriliyoyin mutane a cikin tsarin hasken rana, da tiriliyoyin tiriliyoyin a cikin galaxy. Rayuwa na iya fahimtar cikakkiyar damar da take da ita a nan gaba inda duk wani abu ya zama mai rai ko matrix mai tallafawa.<ref name="Cosmology"/> Ka'idojin halittu suna neman kara rayuwa, kuma suna iya tallafawa fadada ta. Don wannan dalili, panspermia mai jagoranta nan da nan zai iya shuka wasu tsarin duniya tare da rayuwa.<ref name="Panspermia3"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gros |first=Claudius |date=2016-09-05 |title=Developing ecospheres on transiently habitable planets: the genesis project |journal=Astrophysics and Space Science |language=en |volume=361 |issue=10 |pages=324 |arxiv=1608.06087 |bibcode=2016Ap&SS.361..324G |doi=10.1007/s10509-016-2911-0 |issn=1572-946X |doi-access=free}}</ref> Jirgin hasken rana na iya kaddamar da capsules na microbial zuwa taurari da ke kusa, ko kuma ga tarin sabbin tsarin taurari a cikin girgije mai samar da taurari. Microorganisms daban-daban a cikin kaya na iya cika sabbin mahalli, kuma eukaryotic spores na iya tsalle-tsalle-tsire mafi girma juyin halitta. Za'a iya kauce wa tsangwama tare da rayuwar baƙi, idan akwai, ta hanyar yin niyya ga tsarin matasa na duniya inda rayuwar gida, musamman rayuwa mai ci gaba, ba za ta fara ba tukuna.<ref name="Panspermia3" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Matt Williams |date=2019-01-21 |title=Seeding the Milky Way with life using 'Genesis missions' |url=https://phys.org/news/2019-01-seeding-milky-life-genesis-missions.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124005807/https://phys.org/news/2019-01-seeding-milky-life-genesis-missions.html |archive-date=2019-01-24 |access-date=2020-06-13 |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref> Ba za mu iya barin rayuwa zuwa mutuwa ta hanyar fashewar Sun ba, don kare baƙi waɗanda zasu iya kasancewa ko bazai wanzu ba. Ka'idojin halittu sun bayyana jajircewarmu ga danginmu na rayuwar kwayar halitta / furotin. Idan muka kasance kadai, makomar dukkan rayuwa tana hannunmu. Wasu daga cikin sabon rayuwa da aka fara ta hanyar panspermia mai jagora na iya haifar da wayewar basira waɗanda za su inganta rayuwa a cikin tauraron dan adam, suna cika burin ka'idojin panbiotic.<ref name="Panspermia3"/> === Dangantaka tsakanin dabi'un biotic, biocentric, anthropocentric da panbiotic === Biocentrism da Deep Ecology suna neman adana nau'o'in yanzu da tsarin halittu.<ref name="Bill"/> Wadannan manufofi sun dace da ka'idojin halittu waɗanda ke darajar rayuwar kwayar halitta / furotin a kowane nau'in halitta, gami da nau'ikan rayuwa na gaba. Tare da wannan ra'ayi na gaba ɗaya, ka'idojin halittu suna yaba amma ba sa buƙatar rayuwar ɗan adam kamar haka, muddin rayuwa kanta ta ci gaba. Koyaya, mutane masu fasaha ne kawai zasu iya tabbatar da rayuwa fiye da lokacin Rana, mai yiwuwa ga tiriliyoyin eons.<ref name="Cosmology"/> Sabili da haka, ka'idojin halittu suna buƙatar rayuwar ɗan adam (ko bayan ɗan adam) don tabbatar da rayuwa. Har ila yau, a matsayin mutane, muna so mu ci gaba da rayuwa mai hankali wanda zai iya jin daɗin rayuwa mai hankali, ƙarin motsawa don yada rayuwa. Ka'idojin halittu suna sa mutane su dogara da juna tare da duk rayuwa. Mutane na iya tabbatar da makomar rayuwa, kuma wannan makomar na iya ba da rayuwar ɗan adam manufa ta sararin samaniya.<ref name="Bioethics"/> == duba koma == * Da'a * Ka'idojin muhalli * Ilimin halittu * Panspermia mai shiryawa == manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * http://www.panspermia-society.com/ Society for Life in Space (SOLIS) (Interstellar Panspermia Society), don bincike da ilimi kan panspermia mai jagora. Manufar kaddamar da ayyukan panspermia a cikin wannan karni. * http://www.astro-ecology.com/ Albarkatun rayuwa a sararin samaniya. Binciken gwaji kan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin asteroids / meteorites, da microorganisms da tsire-tsire da ke girma a kan waɗannan albarkatun sararin samaniya. * http://www.astroethics.com/ Ka'idodin ka'idojin rayuwa da ka'idoji na rayuwa da kuma abubuwan da ke motsawa don jagorantar panspermia. * http://www.lunargenebank.com/ aikace-aikacen sararin samaniya don adana bambancin halittu. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 03vqp98v99s0wrb1w5vio7fikj42maq 0 81548 827737 785385 2026-04-29T14:08:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jimmy Spire Ssentongo''' (an Haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Agusta, 1979) farfesa ne ɗan [[Uganda]], masani a fannin ilimi, marubuci, [[Hoto (Portrait)|mai hoto]], mawallafi, [[Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam|mai kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam]] kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na edita. Mataimakin farfesa ne a fannin ɗabi'a da Nazarin Identity a [[Jami'ar shahidan Uganda|Jami'ar Shahidai ta Uganda (UMU)]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kakembo |first=Muhammad |date=2023-05-31 |title=Dr Spire: Threats to my life are serious but I won't quit |url=https://observer.ug/news/headlines/77999-dr-spire-threats-to-my-life-are-serious-but-i-won-t-quit |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=The Observer – Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ya kuma koyar da ɗa'a da hanyoyin bincike a [[jami'ar Makerere]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=» Learn More about Jimmy Spire Ssentongo Africa Cartoons |url=https://africacartoons.com/cartoonists/map/uganda/ssentongo-jimmy-spire-2/bio/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620113912/https://africacartoons.com/cartoonists/map/uganda/ssentongo-jimmy-spire-2/bio/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-17 |title=SPIRE – Cartooning for Peace |url=https://www.cartooningforpeace.org/en/dessinateurs/spire/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |language=fr}}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == [[Fayil:Jimmy Spire Ssentogo during Human Rights Convention 2023.jpg|thumb|Jimmy Spire Ssentongo]] Dokta Ssentongo yana da digirin digirgir a fannin nazarin ɗan Adam daga Jami'ar Nazarin ɗan Adam a Holland wanda ya kare a ranar 26 ga watan Oktoba 2015; <ref name=":0"/> Jagora a cikin Ladabi da Gudanar da Jama'a ([[Jami'ar Makerere]]), Jagoran Kimiyya a Ilimi da Ɗorewa (Jami'ar Bankin Kudancin London Fellowship Commonwealth), BA a Falsafa (Urbaniana), da Diploma a Falsafa da Nazarin Addini (Apostles of Jesus Philosophicum, [[Nairobi]]). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssali |first=Zaam |date=2023-11-01 |title=HURIPECTalks: A Podcast by HURIPEC |url=https://news.mak.ac.ug/2023/11/huripectalks-a-podcast-by-huripec/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=Makerere University News |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123181235/https://news.mak.ac.ug/2023/11/huripectalks-a-podcast-by-huripec/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kasance a kan haɗin gwiwar digiri na digiri a matsayin Mataimakin mai Bincike na Ziyara a Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka (Jami'ar Cambridge) da Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kasuwancin Afirka (AHP). <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=User – Uganda Martyrs University Library |url=http://196.43.180.12/library/index.php?c=staff&p=staff&user_id=NjY3 |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=196.43.180.12 |archive-date=2023-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208233444/http://196.43.180.12/library/index.php?c=staff&p=staff&user_id=NjY3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo – |url=https://umu.ac.ug/university_staff/prof-jimmy-spire-ssentongo/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130040655/https://umu.ac.ug/university_staff/prof-jimmy-spire-ssentongo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An ce Spire ta fara shirya wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin shekara ta 2005 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Cartoon, takarda da mai zanen Katz wanda ke aiki tare da Daily Monitor a lokacin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Atukunda |first=Rogers |date=2023-05-27 |title=Dr Spire, The Cartoonist Behind Online Exhibitions Dominating Uganda Social Media Space |url=https://softpower.ug/dr-spire-the-cartoonist-behind-online-exhibitions-dominating-uganda-social-media-space/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=SoftPower News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ssentongo shi ne shugabar Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka a [[Jami'ar shahidan Uganda|Jami'ar Shuhada ta Uganda]] (UMU). Bayan jagorancin Bincike da Bugawa a UMU, yana aiki a matsayin editan jerin gwanon UMU, Mtafiti Mwafrika (Mai bincike na Afirka), da jerin littattafan Jami'ar Shuhada ta Uganda. Shi ma marubuci ne kuma mai yin zane-zane na edita tare da jaridar The Observer. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=African Books Collective: Jimmy Spire Ssentongo |url=https://www.africanbookscollective.com/authors-editors/jimmy-spire-ssentongo |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=www.africanbookscollective.com}}</ref> Sha'awar bincikensa yana cikin ɗabi'a da karatun asali, musamman akan jam'i (rayuwa tare da bambancin). Har ila yau, yana cikin karatu a kan mulkin mallaka da mulkin mallaka, tare da sha'awar Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sserunkuma |first=Yusuf |date=2023-05-17 |title=Spire Ssentongo and the difficult life of an activist |url=https://observer.ug/viewpoint/77798-spire-ssentongo-and-the-difficult-life-of-an-activist |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=The Observer – Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2023-09-09 |title=Jimmy Spire's 'This Country Laughs A lot' comedy goes online |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/jimmy-spires-this-country-laughs-a-lot-comedy-goes-online/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyauta == A cikin shekara ta 2021, an karrama Spire a matsayin wanda ya karɓi lambar yabo ta Janzi saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a fagen. <ref>{{Cite web |last=sandee |date=2021-12-13 |title=The Janzi Awards 2021 winners |url=https://spotlight.mag.ug/2021/12/13/the-janzi-awards-winners/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Spotlight |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203100344/https://spotlight.mag.ug/2021/12/13/the-janzi-awards-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An san shi don aikinsa a matsayin mai zane-zane, wanda ya ba shi laƙabi na Fitaccen mai zane-zane. Har ila yau, ya karɓi naɗi don ƙwarewarsa na musamman a matsayin marubucin almara kuma mai zane-zane. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Musoke |first=David |date=2021-12-12 |title=Prof. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo wins Janzi Award – |url=https://umu.ac.ug/prof-jimmy-spire-wins-award/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204173448/https://umu.ac.ug/prof-jimmy-spire-wins-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruby |first=Josh |date=2021-12-13 |title=Janzi Awards 2021: Full List of Winners |url=http://mbu.ug/2021/12/13/janzi-awards-2021-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=MBU |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2016, Spire ya kasance cikin jerin sunayen da aka zaɓa don ba da Kyautar Jarida ta Ƙasa ta Uganda 2016 yana aiki tare da jaridar <nowiki><i id="mwRA">The Observer</i></nowiki> a cikin Editorial Cartooning category a cikinsa shi ne na farko da ya zo na biyu tare da Chrisogon Atukwasize wanda ke aiki tare da ''Daily Monitor''. <ref>{{Cite web |last=team |first=ACME |date=2016-04-08 |title=Uganda National Journalism Awards 2016 shortlist announced |url=https://acme-ug.org/2016/04/08/uganda-national-journalism-awards-2016/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=African Centre for Media Excellence }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dr. Spire ya sami lambar yabo ta 'Yancin Jama'a a cikin shekara ta 2023 saboda gudummawar da ya bayar don kare 'yancin walwala a Uganda. Babi na huɗu na Uganda ne ya ba da kyautar. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2023}}</link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A ranar 8 ga watan watan Disamba, 2023, Dr. Jimmy Spire ya sami lambar yabo a matsayin babban mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama na shekarar 2023 yayin taron ƙarawa juna sani na ƙasa da aka gudanar a Jinja don tunawa da ranar kare hakkin bil'adama ta duniya. A ranar 2 ga watan Afrilu, 2024, Dr. Spire yana cikin mutane uku da aka tantance don ba da Kyautar [[Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam|Masu Kare Haƙƙin Bil Adama]] ta EU na shekarar 2024 na Wakilan EU zuwa Uganda kuma ya zama mai nasara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=EU Human Rights Defenders Award 2024 – Three Shortlisted Nominees Announced {{!}} EEAS |url=https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/uganda/eu-human-rights-defenders-award-2024-%E2%80%93-three-shortlisted-nominees-announced_en?s=127 |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=www.eeas.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-02 |title=Dr Spire wins EU Human Rights Award |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/dr-spire-wins-eu-human-rights-award-4610994 |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2024-05-03 |title=Spire wins EU Human Rights Award 2024 |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/spire-wins-eu-human-rights-award-2024/ |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kamfen na kafofin watsa labarai == [[Fayil:Jimmy_Spire_Ssentogo_Receiving_an_Award_during_Human_Rights_Convention_2023.jpg|thumb|400x400px| Dr. Spire Ssentongo Yana Karɓan Kyauta yayin Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam 2023]] Dr. Ssentongo ya kwashe fiye da shekaru ashirin yana amfani da fasaharsa wajen yin tsokaci kan al'ummar Uganda da siyasar ƙasar. Yana mai da hankali kan batutuwa kamar su cin hanci da rashawa, shugabanci, da yancin ɗan Adam. Tun daga farkon shekarar 2023, ya jagoranci kamfen da dama a shafukan sada zumunta kan batutuwa da dama kamar #KampalaPotholeExhibition, wanda ya fara a ranar Litinin, 17 ga watan Afrilu inda mutane suka bayyana ra'ayoyinsu dangane da yanayin titunan birnin Kampala na ƙasar Uganda ta hanyar amfani da hotuna musamman a lokacin da suke yiwa hukumomin da suka dace. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Musyoki |first=Rose |date=2023-04-25 |title=ANA Spotlight : Dr.Jimmy Spire Ssentongo |url=https://artnewsafrica.com/ana-spotlight-dr-jimmy-spire-ssentongo/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Art News Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204200727/https://artnewsafrica.com/ana-spotlight-dr-jimmy-spire-ssentongo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ivan |first=Mubiru |date=2023-04-23 |title=Meet Dr. Jimmy Spire Ssentongo, an academician behind the viral social media campaign #KampalaPotholeExhibition |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20230423/152527/meet-dr-jimmy-spire-ssentongo-an-academician-behind-the-viral-social-media-campaign-kampalapotholeexhibition.html |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-21 |title=#KampalaPotholeExhibition |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/entertainment/-kampalapotholeexhibition--4207696 |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> #Baje kolin Lafiya na Uganda, kamar baje kolin farko, wannan kamfen ya kuma ɗauki hankulan jama'a tare da masu ruwa da tsaki a shafukan sada zumunta daban-daban, musamman ma [[Twitter]] wanda ya haifar da martani daga hukumomi da jami'an gwamnati daban-daban ciki har da shugaban ƙasa wanda ya ware shs6.&nbsp;biliyan domin gyaran ramuka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nagaba |first=Phionah |date=2023-04-27 |title=Dr. Diana Atwine Responds to #UgandaHealthExhibition Twitter Campaign |url=https://researchfindsug.com/dr-diana-responds-to-ugandahealthexhibition-campaign-on-twitter/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=ResearchFinds Uganda |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208225658/https://researchfindsug.com/dr-diana-responds-to-ugandahealthexhibition-campaign-on-twitter/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-24 |title=Cartoonist Spire starts another campaign for change in health sector |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/cartoonist-spire-starts-another-campaign-for-change-in-health-sector-4210326 |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-28 |title=Ugandan Cartoonist Highlights Poor Health Care Via Social Media |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/ugandan-cartoonist-highlights-poor-health-care-via-social-media/7070365.html |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2023-04-20 |title=Museveni orders release of Sh6 billion for Kampala roads |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/museveni-orders-release-of-sh6-billion-for-kampala-roads/ |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan haka kuma shi ne nunin baje kolin na #UgandaSecurity wanda shi ne na tona asirin ɓarayin da ke cikin tsarin tsaron Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalema |first=Stephen |date=2023-05-28 |title=Don't give up on the struggle! Dr Besigye asks threatened Dr Spire Ssentongo |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20230528/154331/dont-give-up-on-the-struggle-dr-besigye-asks-threatened-dr-spire-ssentongo.html |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Poliisi emenye ebizimbe byonna – UHRC – Radio Simba Ennene |url=https://www.radiosimba.ug/poliisi-emenye-ebizimbe-byonna-uhrc/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.radiosimba.ug}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='Humour is powerful': Cartoons take on Uganda's repressive government |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/3/31/humour-is-powerful-a-ugandan-cartoonist-takes-on-a-repressive-government |access-date=2024-03-31 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Duk cikin waɗannan kamfen ɗin, Dr. Spire ya damu da rayuwarsa bayan ya sami rahotannin barazanar da aka yi masa bayan ya fallasa gazawar gwamnati a shafukan sada zumunta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiteza |first=Remmy |date=2023-05-24 |title=Cartoonist Jim Spire 'fears for life' after exposing govt rot on social media |url=https://dailyexpress.co.ug/2023/05/24/cartoonist-jim-spire-fears-for-life-after-exposing-govt-rot-on-social-media/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Daily Express |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Labarai == === Littattafai === === Littattafai da aka gyara === * Hanyoyin mulkin mallaka.<ref name=":1"/> * ''Ilimi mafi girma don ƙalubalen Afirka na ƙarni na 21''. <ref name=":1" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Dr. Spire ya auri Diana wacce malama ce, a Makarantar Nisa da Koyon Rayuwa, Sashen Ilimin Manya da Al'umma a [[Jami'ar Makerere]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nampijja Dianah |url=https://paradigmforjustice.org/about-us/board-member/nampijja-dianah/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=Paradigm for Social Justice & Development |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ma'auratan sun yi aure a shekara ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=MIREMBE |first=JANE JUSTINE |date=2015-12-18 |title=Dr Spire Ssentongo, the master of books, pens and pencils |url=https://observer.ug/lifestyle/41732-dr-spire-ssentongo-the-master-of-books-pens-and-pencils |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=The Observer – Uganda |language=en-gb |archive-date=2023-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132425/https://observer.ug/lifestyle/41732-dr-spire-ssentongo-the-master-of-books-pens-and-pencils |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mulumba |first=Abu-Baker |date=2012-08-14 |title=Wedding: Talented Ssentongo designed his shirts and maids' dresses |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=20359:wedding-talented-ssentongo-designed-his-shirts-and-maids-dresses |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=The Observer – Uganda |language=en-gb |archive-date=2023-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132913/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=20359:wedding-talented-ssentongo-designed-his-shirts-and-maids-dresses |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Paul Waako * Joseph Ssekandi * Charles Olweny * John Maviiri * Adonia Katungisa * Jesca Ruth Ataa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 191zdls4u5izmip3g3gnrh10wymincy 0 81959 827894 528447 2026-04-30T04:11:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827894 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kayode Soyinka''' (an haife shi Olukayode Adedeji Soyinka; A ranar sha biyar 15 ga watan Disamba shekarar alif dari tara da hamsin da bakwai miladiyya 1957) dan jaridar Najeriya ne, mawallafi, kuma marubuci. <ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Diplomatic-baggage-MOSSAD-Nigeria-Dikko/dp/9783083538/”Diplomatic Baggage: MOSSAD And Nigeria, The Dikko Story”], Amazon, 1994.</ref> [[Fayil:Kayode Soyinka and President Muhammadu Buhari.JPG|thumb|Kayode Soyinka tare da Buhari]] Shi ne wanda ya kafa, mawallafi da kuma babban editan ''Mujallar Africa Today'', daya daga cikin mujallun labaran duniya na Afirka. <ref name="Vanguard"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri da ilimi == An haifi Kayode a [[Ibadan]], Najeriya, ga Pa John Akinleye Soyinka da Jochebed Olufunmilayo Soyinka (née Akinyele) na Owu, [[Abeokuta]], [[Ogun|Jihar Ogun]] . Shi ne ɗan yaro na biyu a cikin yara shida - maza biyar da mace. Ya auri Titilope Oluwadamilola (née Odugbesan) a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1983. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, 'yar Oluwatumininu Adebimpe, an haife ta 15 ga Janairu 1984 da dan Oluwagbeminiyi Adekunle, an haife ta 25 ga Afrilu 1986. Kayode ya sami karatun firamare a Ibadan a duka Christ the King (CKC) a Odo-Ona (1964-1966) da Ibadan City Council (ICC) Practicing School a Apata (1967 – 69). A 1970, ya wuce makarantar Baptist Boys' High School (BBHS), a Owu, [[Abeokuta]] don karatun sakandare. <ref name="Finalist">[http://trumpetmediagroup.com/gab-awards/nominations/kayode-soyinka-gab-awards-2013-finalist/ "Kayode Soyinka - GAB Awards 2013 Finalist"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250714112141/https://trumpetmediagroup.com/gab-awards/nominations/kayode-soyinka-gab-awards-2013-finalist/ |date=2025-07-14 }}, ''Trumpet Media Group'', 23 October 2013.</ref> A BBHS ya kasance memba na al'ummar adabi da muhawara; ya wakilci kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ga makarantar a gasar adabi da muhawara tsakanin makarantu. Ya yi wa makarantar boko. Kayode Soyinka, a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 2023, ya zama mawaki a cikin BBHS Centennial Hall of Fame. Ya sauke karatu da BA a Alakar Duniya daga Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka, [[San Diego]], [[California]] (Bushey Campus, Ingila) a 1987 da MA a Jarida ta Duniya daga City, Jami'ar London, [[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]] a 1989. <ref name="Vanguard"/> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga City, Jami'ar London, Commonwealth ta dauki nauyin Kayode zuwa Jami'ar Cambridge, [[Ingila]], a matsayin malami mai ziyara a Kwalejin Wolfson a 1990. <ref name="Finalist" /> An kuma mai da shi Amintaccen Amintaccen Karni na 21st a cikin Afrilu 1991 bayan wani shiri kan batun yancin dan adam a cikin dangantakar kasa da kasa, wanda ya gudana a Kwalejin Worcester, Jami'ar Oxford, karkashin kulawar takwarorinsu biyu Farfesa Kevin Boyle, darektan kare hakkin dan adam. Cibiyar, Jami'ar Essex, Birtaniya, da Ambasada Olara Otunnu, shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya, New York. == Sana'a da nasara == Lokacin da Kayode ya gama a BBHS, ya dauki aikin malami a [[PZ Cussons Nigeria Plc]] a Ilupeju, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . A cikin 1976, yana da shekaru 18, Kayode ya sanya hannu a matsayin dan jarida mai suna Sketch Newspapers a [[Ibadan]] . <ref name="Finalist" /> Ya yi aiki da Jaridun Sketch a Ibadan da [[Benin City (Birnin Benin)|Benin City]] . Hukumar Sketch ta ba shi tallafin karatu a Kwalejin Aikin Jarida, Fleet Street, London . Soyinka ya yi karatu a nan tsakanin 1978-79, kuma an nada shi a matsayin wakilin jaridar ''Sketch'' na Landan. <ref name="Vanguard" /> Bayan ya sauka a Ingila, Kayode ya kafa kansa a matsayin wakilin Burtaniya na jaridun Najeriya kamar sabuwar jaridar Concord da aka kafa. <ref name="Vanguard">Josephine Igbonovia, [http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/10/27-yrs-parcel-bomb-killed-like-dele-giwa-kayode-soyinka/ "27 yrs after parcel bomb: I could have been killed like Dele Giwa – Kayode Soyinka", ''Vanguard News'', 20 October 2013]</ref> Daga nan ne ya zama Babban Editan ''Africa Now'' da kuma Shugaban Mujallar ''Newswatch'' na Ofishin London. <ref name="Finalist"/> Aiki da ya yi da kungiyar jaridu ta Concord a matsayin majagaba a London a 1980 ya kulla alaka da daya daga cikin mashawartan sa, Cif [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]] . Kayode ya yi aiki kafada-da-kafada a matsayin mataimaki na musamman, amintaccen kuma amintaccen laftanar hamshakin attajirin nan kuma dan kasuwa na kasa da kasa sama da shekaru hudu, inda ya kafa tare da tafiyar da ofishin kungiyar jaridu ta Landan. <ref name="Vanguard"/> A watan Mayu, 1995 Kayode ya bar Newswatch kuma ya kafa nasa mujallar labarai, ''Africa Today'', daya daga cikin mujallu na duniya na Afirka. Shi mai kishin Commonwealth ne. Har ila yau, yana daya daga cikin mambobi mafi dadewa na The Round Table Moot - Kwamitin Edita na Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs. An kafa shi a cikin 1910, The Round Tebur ita ce mujallar al'amuran duniya mafi tsufa a Biritaniya. A cikin 2014, an zabe shi a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Amintattu na Zagayen Tebur na shekaru uku har zuwa 2017; kuma ya sake zabar wani wa'adin shekaru uku a 2023. Har ila yau, ya kasance mataimaki kuma shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Commonwealth (CJA) na London, kuma tare da marigayi Derek Ingram, ya wakilci CJA a cikin hukumar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Commonwealth (CHRI) lokacin da aka kafa ta. == Abubuwan ban mamaki == === Gwagwarmayar 12 Yuni 1993 === A lokacin da aka soke zaben shugaban kasa na ranar 12 ga watan Yunin 1993 na Cif [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]], Kayode ya shirya fitowar Cif Abiola a cikin shirin gidan talabijin na BBC ''Newsnight'' kai tsaye a jajibirin soke zaben domin nuna bacin ransa da Allah wadai da soke zaben ga kasashen duniya. <ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p019cnqh/ "Nigeria’s Lost Election"], BBC News, 12 June 2013.</ref> Wannan ita ce babbar hira ta farko da Cif Abiola ya yi a wani fitaccen gidan talabijin na duniya. Daga baya Kayode ya bibiyi wannan da labarin da ya kara yin Allah wadai da soke sokewar a jaridar London, ''Sunday Independent'' na 11 ga Yuli 1993. A cikin labarin, wanda Bernard Levin, mai sharhi kan harkokin siyasa kuma mawallafin jaridar London ''Sunday Times'' ya bayyana a cikin shafinsa a cikin jaridar 18 ga Yuli 1993, a matsayin "labaran da ya fi kishi" kan rikicin siyasar Najeriya da ya karanta, Kayode ya yi tir da zaben. wanda tsohon shugaban mulkin soja [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ya yi masa a matsayin "zamba da babbar yaudara". A daidai lokacin da gwamnatin marigayi Janar [[Sani Abacha]] ke tsare da Cif Abiola, Kayode ya fara taro a shekarar 1995 tsakanin limamin [[Afirka ta Kudu|kasar Afirka ta Kudu]], Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]] bisa bukatar Dr (Mrs) [[Doyin Abiola]], daya daga cikin matan Cif Abiola. An gudanar da wannan taro ne a kotun Bishop da ke Cape Town, bayan haka, limamin cocin ya ziyarci Janar Abacha a matsayin jakadan shugaba [[Nelson Mandela]] . === Wanda ya tsira daga bom === Yayin da yake rubuta wa Concord daga Birtaniya, Kayode ya sadu kuma ya fara dangantaka da [[Dele Giwa]], wanda a lokacin shi ne Editan ''Sunday Concord'' . Wannan dangantakar ta ci gaba kuma ta yi karfi a lokacin da Giwa da wasu abokan aikinsa, Ray Ekpu, Yakubu Mohammed, da Dan Agbese, suka kafa mujallar labarai ta Najeriya ''Newswatch'', suka nada Kayode, wanda a lokacin yana aiki a karkashin dan jaridar Najeriya kuma mawallafin [[Peter Enahoro]] a matsayin Janar Editan. ''Afirka Yanzu'', Shugaban Ofishin London. Labarin mutuwar Dele Giwa da bam a safiyar ranar 19 ga watan Oktoban 1986 da kuma yadda Kayode ya tsira daga fashewar da kuma shaidar mutuwar, ‘yan Najeriya da masu fafutukar ‘yancin ‘yan jarida sun sani. <ref name="Finalist"/> <ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/20/world/parcel-bomb-kills-nigerian-journalist-accused-of-plotting.html ”Parcel Bomb Kills Nigerian Journalist Accused of Plotting"], ''The New York Times'', 20 October 1986.</ref> <ref name="Vanguard"/> <ref>[http://thenationonlineng.net/dele-giwa-kayode-soyinka-replies-ex-police-bossi-didnt-run-to-the-toilet-when-the-bomb-exploded/ "Dele Giwa: Kayode Soyinka replies ex-Police boss: ‘I didn’t run to the toilet when the bomb exploded"], ''The Nation'', 19 January 2013.</ref> <ref name="BBCWorld">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p028n6c6 "The Death of Dele Giwa"], BBC World Service, 21 October 2014.</ref> == Ganawa da shugabannin duniya == [[Fayil:Kayode_Soyinka_and_President_Muhammadu_Buhari.JPG|thumb| Kayode Soyinka tare da shugaban Najeriya Muhammadu Buhari. Tare da su a wannan hoton akwai tsohon Sakatare-Janar na Commonwealth Sir Shridath (Sonny) Ramphal (tsakiyar), Jakadan Washington na Antigua da Barbuda Sir Ronald Sanders (hagu) da Ambasada Bulus Lolo, Babban Sakatare a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje, Najeriya a 2015.]] Baya ga kasancewarsa ɗan jarida kuma mawallafi na duniya, Kayode ya haɗu da shugabanni a ciki da wajen Najeriya. Sau biyu ya gana da Sarauniyar Ingila [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth II]] da Duke na Edinburgh, a Fadar Buckingham da a Windsor. Ya gana kuma ya yi hira da masu fada aji irin su marigayi shugaban kasar Afirka ta Kudu [[Nelson Mandela]] ; <ref>[http://newsexpressngr.com/news/detail.php?news=3709/ "My One Hour With Nelson Mandela"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818135902/https://newsexpressngr.com/news/detail.php?news=3709/ |date=2023-08-18 }}, ''News Express'', 8 December 2013.</ref> <ref>Dimeji Kayode-Adedeji, [http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/151107-mandela-contributed-success-magazine-soyinka.html "Mandela Contributed To The Success of My Magazine"], ''Premium Times'', 8 December 2013.</ref> Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]] wanda ya lashe kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel; dan gwagwarmayar 'yanci na Afirka ta Kudu Chris Hani da aka kashe; Marigayi tsohon Firayim Ministan Burtaniya James Callaghan ; tsohon sakataren harkokin wajen Birtaniya kuma mataimakin firaministan kasar Sir Geoffrey Howe (daga baya Lord Howe); tsohon sakataren harkokin wajen Birtaniya Dr David Owen (daga baya Lord Owen); tsohon shugaban Najeriya [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ; tsohon Firaministan Kenya Raila Odinga ; tsohon Jakadan Amurka [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] Andrew Young ; Sir Shridath Ramphal da Cif Emeka Anyaoku, dukkansu tsoffin Sakatare-Janar na Commonwealth, da sauran su. <ref>[http://www.nationalhelm.com/2015/07/photos-buhari-meets-with-former.html/ "Buhari Meets With Former Commonwealth Secretary General, Other Dignitaries At The Presidential Villa"], ''National Helm'', 27 July 2015.</ref> A farkon watan Fabrairun 2002 lokacin da tsohon Firayim Ministan Burtaniya [[Tony Blair]] ya fara rangadinsa na farko a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]], Kayode ya fito a cikin tawagar jami'an. Ziyarar ta shafi kasashe hudu ne - [[Najeriya]], [[Ghana]], [[Saliyo]] da [[Senegal]] . A cikin 2015, Kayode ya sami lambar yabo ta Firayim Minista Gaston Browne na Antigua da Barbuda ya gayyace shi don kasancewa cikin tawagar karamin tsibirin Caribbean zuwa taron shugabannin gwamnatocin Commonwealth (CHOGM) a Malta. == Shiga cikin siyasa == [[Fayil:Kayode Soyinka at his desk- 2014-06-29 14-40.jpg|thumb|Kayode Soyinka]] Kayode ya yi yunkurin a zabe shi a matsayin gwamnan [[Ogun|jihar Ogun]] a [[Najeriya]] sau uku sau uku . Na farko shine a cikin 2003 akan dandamali na Alliance for Democracy (AD). <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200510170886.html/ "Nigeria: Police Release Kayode Soyinka"], ''All Africa'', 17 October 2005.</ref> Ya rasa tikitin ne ga gwamna mai ci Cif [[Olusegun Osoba]] wanda ya taba zama manajansa a jaridun Sketch da ke [[Ibadan]] . Yunkurin na biyu shine a cikin 2007 lokacin da ya sake rasa tikitin a ƙarƙashin dandamali na Action Congress (AC). Yunkurin na uku da bai yi nasara ba shi ne a shekarar 2011; kuma, an hana shi tikitin takara a karkashin jam'iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) . <ref>[http://www.africanoutlookonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5233:acn-is-not-a-democratic-party-kayode-soyinka&catid=106:people&Itemid=55/ "ACN is not a democratic party - Kayode Soyinka"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211143815/http://www.africanoutlookonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5233:acn-is-not-a-democratic-party-kayode-soyinka&catid=106:people&Itemid=55/ |date=2015-12-11 }}, ''African Outlook Online'', 2011.</ref> Kayode Soyinka ya kasance jigo a [[All Progressives Congress|jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] (APC) a [[Ogun|jihar Ogun]] . Tun daga nan ya yi ritaya daga siyasa ya maida hankali kan aikin jarida. == Sanarwa == Kayode Soyinka shine marubucin ''Bagage na Diflomasiya: Mossad da Najeriya - Labarin Dikko'', wanda aka buga a 1994. <ref name="Finalist"/> <ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Diplomatic-baggage-MOSSAD-Nigeria-Dikko/dp/9783083538/ ''Diplomatic Baggage: MOSSAD And Nigeria, The Dikko Story''], Amazon, 1994.</ref> Aikin dai ya shafi yunkurin da gwamnatin mulkin sojan Najeriya ta yi a shekarar 1984 na yin garkuwa da tsohon ministan sufurin jiragen sama, Alhaji [[Umaru Dikko]] daga kasar Ingila a shekarar 1984. Shi ne marubucin "An haife shi cikin Jarida: Memoir of a Newspaper Report". An buga shi a shekarar 2020, an rubuta littafin ne don tunawa da shekaru 45 a aikin jarida da kuma shekaru 25 da kafa mujallarsa ta Africa Today. A cikin "An haife shi cikin aikin jarida", Kayode Soyinka ya bayyana abubuwan da ya faru na zama dan jarida. A shekarar 2023, ya kuma rubuta INSPIRING LEADERSHIP, littafin tarihin Architect Darius Dickson Ishaku, wanda ya yi wa'adi biyu gwamnan jihar Taraba, Najeriya. == Kasancewar Kwararru == * Abokin Aminta na Karni na 21st (Wurin Hakkin dan Adam a Harkokin Kasashen Duniya, Kwalejin Worcester, Jami'ar Oxford 1991) * Mai Girma Harry Biritaniya Fellow na Kungiyar Jarida ta Commonwealth (CPU), London * Memba, Commonwealth tunani-tank, The Round Table (majalisar edita na Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs) <ref>[http://www.moot.org.uk/about/boards.asp/ "The Round Table"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906082407/http://www.moot.org.uk/about/Boards.asp |date=2015-09-06 }}, ''The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs'', 2013.</ref> * Tsohon memba, Kwamitin Amintattu na kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Commonwealth (CJA) * Tsohon memba, [[Habakar Yancin dan'adam na kasashe Rainon-Ingila|Hukumar Hakkin Dan Adam ta Commonwealth]] (CHRI) * Tsohon shugaban na tsawon shekaru uku na kwamitin gudanarwa na London na kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Commonwealth * Memba, Kwamitin Amintattu na Gidauniyar Tsofaffin BBHS * Mai shigar da kara a cikin BBHS Centennial Hall of Fame. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == * [http://www.moot.org.uk/about/boards.asp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906082407/http://www.moot.org.uk/about/Boards.asp |date=2015-09-06 }} * [https://www.independent.co.uk/author/kayode-soyinka Kayode Soyinka] * [https://www.theguardian.com/profile/kayode-soyinka Kayode Soyinka | The Guardian] {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Soyinka, Kayode}} [[Rukuni:Yarbawa yan siyasa]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957]] [[Rukuni:Dan adam]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nyybzlq8ksqarnmml0whun8hwi5h0zn 0 82364 827945 616860 2026-04-30T09:51:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Sammamish River Trail at I-405 2016-09-30.jpg|thumb|Kogin Sammamish]] [[Fayil:Sammamish River kayaker01.jpg|thumb|kwale kwale a Kogin Sammamish]] '''Kogin Sammamish''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Sammamish Slough''') yana gudana da ga arewacin King County, Washington na kimanin kilomita 14 (23 , yana zubar da Tafkin Sammamish zuwa Tafkin Washington. A kan hanyarsa, Kogin Sammamish yana gudana ta Redmond, Woodinville, Bothell, da Kenmore. An sanya sunan kogin ne bayan 'yan asalin da suka taɓa zama a duk tsawonsa. == Hanyar da ake ciki == Kogin Sammamish ya fara ne a matsayin hanyar fita a gefen arewacin Tafkin Sammamish, wanda shi ma koguna da yawa ke ciyar da shi waɗanda suka zama tushen ruwa na Kogin Sam Mamish. Mafi mahimmanci daga cikin waɗannan shine Issaquah Creek . Kogin yana gudana daga arewa daga tafkin ta hanyar birnin Redmond. Kogin Bear Creek ya haɗu da Sammamish daga gabas, kuma yana dauke da ruwa daga [[Evans Creek (Washington)|Evans Creek]] da [[Cottage Lake Creek]]. Bayan ya wuce ta Redmond da wasu sassan da ba a haɗa su ba na King County, Sammamish ya shiga Woodinville inda ya juya arewa maso yamma sannan yamma. [[Little Bear Creek]] ya haɗu da Sammamish a wannan juyawa na yamma daga arewa. Kogin ya ci gaba da karkata a cikin hanyar yamma, inda ya haɗu daga arewa ta North Creek a Bothell kusa da Jami'ar Washington, da Swamp Creek a Kenmore. Kogin Sammamish ya shiga Tafkin Washington a gefen yammacin Kenmore. Kogin Sammamish ya rufe wani yanki daga Everett a arewa zuwa [[May Valley (Washington)|Kwarin Mayu]] a kudu. Yana daga cikin manyan tafkin Washington-Cedar River.<ref name="course">"[http://your.kingcounty.gov/dnrp/library/archive-documents/wlr/watersheds/samm/pdf/Sammamish-map.pdf The Sammamish Watershed]." ''King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks.'' </ref> Jimlar yankin da ke cikin tafkin ya rufe kusan 6² km² (242 mi2), gami da saman Tafkin Sammamish. &nbsp;&nbsp;Big Bear Creek shine mafi girma daga cikin manyan koguna huɗu da ke ciyar da kogin da Little Bear Creek, North Creek, da Swamp Creek suka biyo baya. Har ila yau, akwai adadi mai yawa na magudanar ruwa, da farko daga tuddai da kwari zuwa yammacin kogi. == Canje-canje na Kogin == Kogin Sammamish na farkon shekarun 1900 an canza shi sosai sakamakon kokarin mutane daban-daban na amfani da tashar don kewayawa, don amfani da ambaliyar ruwa don noma, da kuma rage ambaliyar a kwarin Sammamish River da Tafkin Sammamish. Kafin a haƙa sabon chanel wani lokaci kafin 1936, kogin ya fi faɗi kuma ya fi zurfi kuma gabaɗaya yana gudana a hankali saboda ɗan ƙaramin bambanci a tsawo tsakanin Tafkin Sammamish da Tafkin Washington. Kafin waɗannan gyare-gyare, an san kogin da Squak Slough (bayan an canza furcin ƙauyen Issaquah) kuma ana iya tafiya a duk tsawonsa ta hanyar jiragen ruwa masu zurfi kuma an yi amfani da su don kwantar da katako da jiragen kwal daga Tafkin Sammamish zuwa Tafkin Washington. Bakin kogin ya kasance a gabashin matsayinsa na yanzu. Kodayake yunkurin inganta ruwa da kewayawa a cikin shekaru da yawa na farko na karni na 20 mai yiwuwa ya shafi nau'in da aikin kogin, manyan gyare-gyare sun faru ne sakamakon ayyukan kewayawa da kula da ambaliyar ruwa guda biyu da aka ba da kuɗin tarayya. Babban canji na farko ya faru ne sakamakon raguwa a matsakaicin matakin da kewayon tsawo na Lake Washington a 1916 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ci gaban Lake Washington Ship Canal da Lock system, wanda aka buɗe a hukumance ranar 16 ga Yuni, 1917. Wannan ya kara bambancin tsawo tsakanin Tafkin Sammamish da Tafkin Washington kuma ya kara yawan kwararar kogin. Har ila yau, ya motsa bakin kogin zuwa yamma. [[Fayil:Sammamish-river-bothell-kenmore.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Kogin Sammamish, kamar yadda aka gani a lokacin bazara a Bothell, Washington kusa da tsakiya na Kogin Sam Mamish da Burke-Gilman Trails]] Babban canji na biyu ya samo asali ne daga tashar King County / ACOE, aikin gyaran da aka kammala a watan Nuwamba 1964 wanda ya haɗa da gina wani weir a Lake Sammamish source. Wannan aikin ya kusan kawar da ambaliyar ruwa a kwarin Kogin Sammamish kuma ya rage matsakaicin ambaliyar ambaliyar da kuma yanayin ruwa a Tafkin Sammamish. An gyara weir a cikin 1998 don inganta hanyar don salmon anadromous a lokacin low flow. == Tarihin halitta == Kogin Sammamish gida ne ga yawancin salmon da trout, gami da Chinook, coho, sockeye, kokanee, steelhead, da cutthroat trout.<ref name="fish">"[http://www.govlink.org/watersheds/8/reports/fish-maps/default.aspx Known Freshwater Distribution of Salmon and Trout for WRIA 8 (Greater Lake Washington Watershed)]." ''King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks.'' </ref> Gwamnatin King County a halin yanzu tana aiki a kan maido da mazaunin kifi a gefen kogi.<ref name="habitat">"[http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/waterandland/flooding/willowmoor.aspx Willowmoor Reach Restoration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202034403/http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/waterandland/flooding/willowmoor.aspx |date=2008-12-02 }}." ''King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks.''</ref> Yawancin nau'ikan tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da yawa a gefen kogi, gami da tsuntsayen ruwa kamar Canada geese, [[Agwagwa|Ducks]], da babban blue heron. Har ila yau, gaggafa da beavers suna da kyau a kusa da kogi. == Wasanni == Hanyar Kogin Sammamish hanya ce ta keke da hanyar tafiya da ke gudana tare da kogi, daga Marymoor Park a Redmond, zuwa Bothell, inda ta haɗu da Burke-Gilman Trail zuwa [[Seattle]]. Slough kuma shine babban fasalin ƙasa na tsohon filin wasan golf na Wayne a Bothell . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Wayne Golf Course {{!}} Bothell WA |url=http://www.bothellwa.gov/1184/Former-Wayne-Golf-Course |access-date=2020-08-17 |website=www.bothellwa.gov}}</ref> Kogin kuma gida ne na [http://sammamishRowing.org Sammamish Rowing Association] wanda shine wurin yin amfani da jirgin ruwa na al'umma wanda ba shi da riba wanda ya dogara da mallakar King County Parks a Yamma wanda ke tallafawa nishaɗi da gasa don makarantar sakandare da masu tuka jirgin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facility |url=https://www.sammamishrowing.org/facility.html }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gidan jirgin ruwa na Sammamish da gidan jirgin ruwa suna Yammacin kogin, tare da tashar jiragen ruwa a gefen Yammacin Kogin, a gaban Marymoor Dog Park. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin koguna na Washington (jiha) == manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/watersheds/sammamish.aspx Rashin Ruwa na Sammamish] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012083447/http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/watersheds/sammamish.aspx |date=2016-10-12 }} * [http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq US Geological Survey sunayen tambaya form] {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tok5ks8umj0nayov5q080g383ozgdt7 0 85168 827907 785559 2026-04-30T07:10:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Addinin [[Kiristanci]] shine Addini na uku mafi yawan bin Indiya tare da kusan mabiyan miliyan 28, wanda ya kai kashi 2.3 cikin dari na yawan jama'a a ƙidayar 2011. [[Kiristanci]] shine addini mafi girma a wasu sassan Arewa maso gabashin [[Indiya]], musamman a Nagaland, Mizoram da Meghalaya. Har ila yau, muhimmiyar addini ce a Arunachal, inda kusan kashi 30 cikin 100 na jihar Kristoci ne. Kusan kashi biyu bisa uku (kashi 65) na Kiristoci na Indiya suna samuwa a Kudancin Indiya, Goa da Bombay (Mumbai). Tsohon rukunin Kirista da aka sani a Arewacin Indiya sune Kiristoci na Bettiah masu magana da Hindu na Bihar, waɗanda aka kafa a farkon shekarun 1700 ta hanyar aikin Capuchin kuma a ƙarƙashin kulawar Rajas (sarakuna) a Daular Moghal. Ikilisiyar Arewacin Indiya da Ikilisiyar Kudancin Indiya ƙungiya ce ta Furotesta; wanda ya haifar da bishara / ecumenism na Anglicans, Calvinists, Methodists da sauran Ƙungiyoyin Furotesta waɗanda suka bunƙasa a mulkin mallaka na Indiya. Sakamakon haka, waɗannan majami'u suna cikin ɓangaren Anglican Communion na duniya, World Communion of Reformed Churches da World Methodist Council. Tare da 'yan asalin Kirista, ƙananan mutane na Eurasia kamar su Anglo-Indian, Luso-Indian. Har ila yau, akwai ƙungiyar Khrista Bhakta, waɗanda ba su da baftisma ga mabiyan Kristi da St Maryamu, galibi daga cikin Shudras da Dalits. Rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubi na Kiristoci na St Thomas sun ambaci cewa Toma Manzo ne ya gabatar da Kiristanci a Yankin Indiya, wanda ya tashi zuwa Yankin Malabar (Kerala ta yanzu) a cikin 52 AD.Ayyukan Toma sun ce Kiristoci na farko Yahudawa ne na Malabar waɗanda suka zauna a cikin Kerala na yanzu kafin haihuwar Kristi. St Thomas, Bayahude mai magana da Aramaic daga Galili (Isra'ila ta yanzu) kuma ɗaya daga cikin almajiran Yesu Kristi, ya zo Indiya don neman Yahudawa na Indiya Bayan shekaru na Bishara, an yi wa Thomas shahadar sannan aka binne shi a Dutsen St Thomas, a unguwar Mylapore na Madras (Chennai) . Akwai yarjejeniyar masana cewa al'ummar Kirista sun kafa sosai a yankin Malabar ta hanyar 600 AD  a ƙarshe; al'ummar ta ƙunshi Nestorians ko Kiristoci na Gabas, na Cocin Gabas, waɗanda suka yi amfani da Rite na Gabashin Syriac na ibada. Bayan gano hanyar teku zuwa Indiya, ta hanyar mai binciken Portuguese Vasco da Gama a cikin karni na 15 AD, an kafa Kiristanci na Yamma a cikin yankunan Turai na Goa, Tranquebar, Bombay, Madras da Pondicherry; kamar yadda yake a cikin Katolika (na Latin ko Syriac Rites) da kuma nau'ikan Furotesta daban-daban. Juyowa kuma ya faru ne ta hanyar Inquisition na Goan, tare da zalunci ga Hindu da lalata umarni. Masu wa'azi na Kirista sun gabatar da tsarin ilimi na yamma zuwa yankin Indiya, don yin wa'azi ga Kristanci da kuma kamfen don sake fasalin zamantakewar Hindu kamar tawaye na Channar. Koyaya, ana yin niyya ga Makarantun ma'aikata da kungiyoyin agaji a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Modi, musamman ta hanyar hana masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje samun taimakon ƙasashen waje. Kiristoci sun shiga cikin Majalisar Dokokin Indiya (INC) wanda ya jagoranci yunkurin 'yancin kai na Indiya, All [[Indiya|India]] Conference of Indian Christians ya ba da shawara ga Suraj (mulkin kai) kuma ya yi adawa da rabuwa da Indiya. Akwai rahotanni na Krista masu ɓoye waɗanda ke ɓoye bangaskiyarsu a asirce ko ɓoye, saboda tsoron tsanantawa; musamman Dalit (Outcaste) ko Adivasi (Aboriginal) Kiristoci suna amfani da crypsis, saboda ajiya da sauran haƙƙin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki an hana su akan juyawa.Wasu Kiristoci sun wuce ta hanyar tilasta tuba zuwa addinin Hindu ta Masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Hindu, kamar Shiv Sena, VHP da BJP. Kungiyoyi daban-daban na masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Hindu, sun kuma kai hari kan majami'u ko kuma sun rushe ayyukan coci, a wasu jihohi da yankuna na Indiya. == Lokacin Da == === Shekarar manzanni === ==== St Thomas ====   [[Fayil:Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg|thumb|Cinikin Romawa tare da Indiya ya samo asali ne daga Tsohon Misira bisa ga Periplus na Tekun Erythraean (karni na 1).]] A cewar labarin gargajiya na '''Kiristocin Saint Thomas''', Manzo Thomas ya isa '''Kodungallur (Cranganore)''' a yau jihar '''Kerala''' a shekara ta 52 AZ, inda ya kafa '''Ezharappallikal''' (Ikklisiyoyi bakwai) a cikin ko kusa da tsoffin ƙauyukan Yahudawa, ta hanyar wa’azi ga Yahudawa da Brahmin na yankin. Bisa ga al’adar Kiristocin St Thomas, Manzo Thomas ne ya yi baftisma na farko a Indiya a '''St Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Palayur''', don haka wannan coci ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin '''Apostolic See''' da ake dangantawa da aikinsa na manzanci [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed]. Bayan wasu shekaru na wa’azi a Kudancin Indiya, an kashe Thomas a matsayin shahidi a '''St Thomas Mount''' da ke '''Chennai (Madras)''' a shekara ta 72 AZ. A yau, '''Cathedral Basilica of San Thome''' mai tsarin '''neo-Gothic''' tana tsaye a wurin da aka ce aka kashe shi kuma aka binne shi. Sai dai kuma, wani ra’ayi da aka fi ɗauka mai tarihi shi ne na '''Eusebius na Kaisariya''', wanda ya ce '''Pantaenus''', shugaban makarantar fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki a '''Alexandria, Masar''', ya je Indiya a shekara ta 190 AZ, inda ya tarar da Kiristoci da suke amfani da wani sigar '''Injilin Matiyu''' da aka rubuta da “haruffan Ibraniyawa, haɗe da al’adu.” Wannan na iya zama nuni ga farkon cocin Indiya da aka sani suna amfani da '''Sabon Alkawari na Syriac'''; Syriac yare ne na Aramaic wanda Yesu da almajiransa suka yi magana da shi. Shaidar Pantaenus na nuna cewa Kiristoci daga Gabas ta Tsakiya sun riga sun fara wa’azi a wasu sassan Indiya tun ƙarshen ƙarni na biyu AZ. Wata al'adar Kirista game da haihuwar Yesu ta ce Gaspar, ɗaya daga cikin masu sihiri uku na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, ya yi tafiya daga Indiya don neman jariri Yesu tare da Melchior na Farisa da Balthazar na Arabiya. A farkon karni na 3 AZ, an rubuta wani littafi da ake kira '''Ayyukan Toma (Acts of Thomas)'''[1], wanda ya danganta labarin aikin Manzo '''Toma''' a Indiya da sarakuna biyu, ɗaya a arewa da ɗaya a kudu. Shekarar isowarsa tana da rikici saboda ƙarancin ingantattun rubuce-rubuce. [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed] A cewar ɗaya daga cikin tatsuniyoyin da ke cikin ''Ayyukan Toma'', da farko Toma bai yarda da wannan aikin ba, amma '''Yesu''' ya tilasta shi ta hanyar tsara al’amura har sai da aka tilasta masa ya bi wani ɗan kasuwa ɗan Indiya mai suna '''Abbanes''', zuwa ƙasarsa da ke arewa maso yammacin Indiya. A nan ne Toma ya shiga cikin hidima ga sarkin '''Indo-Parthian''', '''Gondophares'''. Ana danganta cewa aikin sa ya haifar da yawan tuba a wannan masarauta ta arewa, har da sarkin da ɗan’uwansa. '''Ayyukan Toma''' sun bayyana cewa aikin nasa na biyu a Indiya ya kasance tare da masarautar wani sarki mai suna '''Mahadwa''', wanda ya yi mulki a kudancin Indiya a karni na farko. '''Niranam Pally''', wanda aka fi sani da '''St. Mary’s Orthodox Syrian Church''', ana ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin majami’u a Indiya. Ana danganta kafa cocin ga '''St Thomas Manzo''' a shekara ta 54 AZ. A cikin tafiyarsa daga '''Kollam (Quilon)''' zuwa arewa maso gabas, ya isa '''Niranam "Thrikpapaleswaram"''' ta hanyar teku. An sake ginawa cocin sau da yawa, inda wasu sassa suka samo asali daga ginin da aka yi a cikin shekara ta '''1259'''. Tsarin gine-ginen cocin yana nuna kamanceceniya da gine-ginen '''haikalin Hindu'''. ==== St Bartholomew ==== Eusebius na Tarihin Ikilisiya na Kaisariya (5:10) ya bayyana cewa Bartholomew, almajirin Yesu, ya tafi yawon shakatawa na mishan zuwa Indiya, inda ya bar kwafin Linjilar Matiyu. Wata al'ada ta ce ya yi wa'azin Linjila a Kasar Indiya, kafin tafiye-tafiyensa zuwa Kasar [[Armeniya|Armenia]], yayin da wasu ke cewa Bartholomew ya yi tafiya a matsayin mai wa'azi a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], Mesopotamiya, Parthia, da Lycaonia. === Daga baya zamanin da === Kodayake ba a san komai game da ci gaban cocin nan take a yankunan arewa maso yammacin Indiya ba, Bar-Daisan (154-223 AD) ya ba da rahoton cewa a lokacinsa akwai kabilun Kirista a Arewacin Indiya waɗanda suka yi iƙirarin cewa Thomas ya tuba da su kuma suna da littattafai da kayan tarihi don tabbatar da hakan. An yi imanin cewa a lokacin da aka kafa [[Daular Sasanian|Daular Sassanid]] a kusa da 226 AD, akwai bishops na Cocin Gabas a arewa maso yammacin Indiya, [[Afghanistan]] da Baluchistan, tare da laymen da malamai suna shiga aikin mishan.<ref name="AFM" /> Tarihin Syriac na Edessa ya bayyana "cocin Kiristoci" a Indiya a kusa da 200 AD.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christian History Timeline: Christianity in India {{!}} Christian History Magazine |url=https://christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/article/christianity-in-india |access-date=8 December 2024 |website=Christian History Institute |language=en}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; Indiya tana da cinikayya mai tasowa tare da Asiya ta Tsakiya, [[Bahar Rum]], da Gabas ta Tsakiya، duka tare da hanyoyin tsaunuka a arewa da hanyoyin teku zuwa gabar yamma da kudancin, tun kafin zuwan zamanin Kirista, kuma mai yiwuwa ne 'yan kasuwa Kirista daga waɗannan ƙasashe suka zauna a biranen Indiya tare da waɗannan hanyoyin kasuwanci.{{Sfn|Neill|2004}} Ƙasar kirista ta Siriya da aka kafa a Muziris na iya zama al'ummar kirista ta farko a Kudancin Indiya wacce akwai ci gaba da rubuce-rubuce. Tarihin Seert ya bayyana aikin bishara zuwa Indiya ta Bishop David na Basra a kusa da shekara ta 300, wanda aka ruwaito ya yi juyowa da yawa, [1] kuma an yi hasashen cewa aikinsa ya ɗauki yankunan kudancin Indiya. Daga rubuce-rubuce daban-daban na matafiya mun san kasancewar al'ummomin Kirista a Indiya tun daga shekara ta 345. Thomas na Kana, ɗan kasuwar Kirista na Syriac, ya kawo ƙungiyar iyalai 72 na Kirista daga Mesopotamiya zuwa Kerala a ƙarni na 4. Daular Chera ta ba shi faranti na jan ƙarfe, wanda ya ba jam'iyyarsa da dukan Kiristoci na asali damar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.Kungiyar Kiristoci da suka zo tare da Thomas na Kana (Knai Thoma) ana kiransu Kiristoci na Knanaya. Kasancewar Kiristoci na Farko a Indiya ya kara tabbatar da shi ta hanyar rubuce-rubucen da suka amince da aikin Severus na Vienne, mai wa'azi na ƙarni na 5 na asalin Indiya wanda ya yi bishara a Vienne, Faransa.<gallery widths="200" heights="200"> Fayil:Malabar_Christians_of_19th_century.jpg|Kiristoci na Saint Thomas ko Kiristocin Siriya na zamanin da daga wani tsohon zane Fayil:Kodungaloor_Mar_Thoma_Church.jpg|Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Cocin Katolika, a Muziris, an yi imanin ita ce cocin Kirista na farko da aka gina a Indiya, kusan 52 AD. Fayil:St.Thomas_Cathedral_-_Mumbai.jpg|Tagar gilashin Thomas the Apostle, wanda ya kafa addinin kirista na Indiya na gargajiya, a cikin sunan sa cocin St Thomas CNI, Cathedral na Mumbai (Bombay) mai shekaru 300. Fayil:Santhome_Basilica.jpg|St. Thomas Cathedral Basilica, Chennai ya gina bisa kabarin Saint Thomas the Apostle Fayil:Kottayam_Valiapally.jpg|Altar of the St Mary's Church in Kottayam flanked by two St Thomas crosses from the 7th century AD on either side. The crosses pre-date the church which was built in 1550&nbsp;AD. Fayil:Thiruvithamkode_Arappaly.jpg|St Mary's Thiruvithamcode Arappally of Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church in Kanyakumari (Cape Comorin) is believed to have been founded by Thomas the Apostle in 63&nbsp;AD. Fayil:Arakuzha_Syrian_Catholic_Church.jpg|Marth Mariam Syro-Malabar Major Archiepiscopal Church at Arakuzha, Kerala is an ancient Nasrani church established in 999&nbsp;AD. Fayil:Parumala_Church.jpg|St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala, the shrine of St Geevargeese Mar Gregorios, an Oriental Orthodox Saint, in [[Kerala]] Fayil:Eliasthirdtomb.jpg|Tomb of the Saint Moran Mor Ignatius Elias Third (the only Universal Syrian Orthodox Patriarch to be buried in India) at Manjinikara, Kerala </gallery>Al'ummar Kirista ta Saint Thomas a Kerala ta kara karfafawa ta hanyar isowar raƙuman ruwa daban-daban na Kiristoci na Syriac daga Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wannan kuma ya haifar da kafa yankunan Knanaya a Kerala a cikin karni na 4. Kiristoci na Babila sun zauna a bakin tekun Malabar a karni na 4. Mar Sabor da Mar Proth sun isa Kollam a karni na 9. [[Fayil:Quilon_Syrian_copper_plates_(849_CE)_plates_1_and_4.jpg|right|thumb|Kollam Tharisappalli ko Quilon faranti na jan ƙarfe (849 AD) da aka ba da umurni a lokacin mulkin Sthanu Ravi Varma, kuma aka ba wa shugaban Kirista na Siriya Maruvan Sapir Iso, yana ba da ƙasa don gina Ikilisiyar Siriya kusa da Kollam a [[Kerala]]&nbsp;]] Saint Thomas Christians seem to have enjoyed various rights and privileges as well as a high status as recorded on copper plates, also known as Cheppeds, Royal Grants, Sasanam, etc.[1] There are a number of such documents in the possession of the Syrian churches of Kerala which include the Thazhekad Sasanam, the Quilon Plates (or the Tharisappalli Cheppeds), Mampally Sasanam and Iraviikothan Chepped, etc. Some of these plates have been dated to around 774 AD. Scholars have studied the inscriptions and produced varying translations. The language used is Old Malayalam in Vattezhuthu script intermingled with some Grantha, Pahlavi, Kufic and Hebrew scripts. The ruler of Venad (Travancore) granted the Saint Thomas Christians seventy-two rights and privileges which were usually granted only to high dignitaries. These rights included exemption from import duties, sales tax and the slave tax. A copper plate  grant dated 1225 AD further enhanced the rights and privileges of Nasranis. Sauran nassoshi ga Kiristoci na Saint Thomas sun haɗa da tarihin Kudancin Indiya na Manimekalai, wanda aka rubuta tsakanin ƙarni na 2 da 3 AD, wanda ya ambaci mutanen Nasrani ta hanyar ambaton su da sunan Essanis . [1] Ofishin jakadancin Sarki Alfred a cikin 883 AD ya aika da kyaututtuka ga Kiristoci na St. Thomas.[2] Marco Polo wanda ya ziyarci a cikin 1292, ya ambaci cewa akwai Kiristoci a bakin tekun Malabar. Mishan din Dominican na Faransa ko Catalan Jordanus Catalani shine mishan na farko na Katolika na Turai da ya isa Indiya. Ya sauka a Surat a kusa da 1320. Ta hanyar wata bijimi daban, wanda ya karanta Venerabili Fratri Jordano, an nada shi Bishop na farko na Quilon a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 1329 AD. A cikin 1321, Jordanus Catalani ya isa Bhatkal, wani wuri kusa da Mangalore, kuma ya kafa tashar mishan a can wanda ya tuba da mazauna yankin da yawa. Ya kuma yi bishara a Gundumar Thana (Trombay) kusa da Bombay; zuriyar waɗannan masu tuba daga baya za su zama wani ɓangare na al'ummar Indiyawan Gabas ta Bombay. [[Fayil:Church_of_the_East_in_the_Middle_Ages.svg|right|thumb|Cocin Gabas da diocese da manufofi a duk faɗin Asiya, gami da Indiya]] === Kokarin Portuguese na Katolika da Kiristoci na Saint Thomas === Toma Manzo an yaba da shi ta hanyar al'ada don kafa Ikilisiyar Indiya a cikin 52 AD. Wannan cocin ya haɓaka hulɗa tare da Ikilisiyar Gabas ta Gabas da ke Edessa, Mesopotamiya a lokacin. A tarihi, an shirya wannan al'umma a matsayin Lardin Indiya na Ikilisiyar Gabas ta Patriarch na Babila Timothy I (780-823 AD) a cikin karni na takwas, bishops da kuma babban sakatare na gida suka yi aiki. A cikin karni na 14, Ikilisiyar Gabas ta ƙi saboda Tamerlane tsanantawa daga Tamerlane . Karni na 16 ya ga yunkurin mulkin mallaka na Padroado na Portuguese da nufin kawo Kiristoci na St Thomas cikin Cocin Katolika na Latin, wanda ke karkashin jagorancin Portuguese Padroado Archdiocese na Goa, wanda ya haifar da na farko na raguwa da yawa a cikin al'umma.[1][3][1] Kokarin Portuguese ya ƙare a cikin Synod na Diamper, a hukumance ya mamaye su da dukan Archdiocese na Angamaly a matsayin sufragane ga Archdiocese na Goa wanda mishaneri na Roman Katolika Padroado ke gudanarwa. A cikin karni na 16, an danganta fashewar Asiya da [[Portugal|Manufofin mulkin mallaka na Portugal]]. Masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje na umarni daban-daban ciki har da Franciscans, Dominicans, Jesuits, Augustinians sun isa tare da masu mulkin mallaka na Portugal. Tarihin masu wa'azi na Fotigal a Indiya ya fara ne da malamai na Fotigals waɗanda suka isa Kappad kusa da Kozhikode a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1498, tare da mai binciken Fotigal Vasco da Gama wanda ke neman kafa kawance mai adawa da Islama tare da al'ummomin Kirista da suka riga sun wanzu. Kasuwancin kayan yaji mai fa'ida ya zama ƙarin jaraba ga kambin Portugal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vasco da Gama collection |url=http://www.lib.umich.edu/area/sasia/dagama.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016043044/http://www.lib.umich.edu/area/sasia/dagama.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |website=University of Michigan Library}}</ref> Lokacin da shi da masu wa'azi na Fotigal suka isa, sun sami Kiristoci a kasar a Malabar da aka sani da Kiristoci na St. Thomas waɗanda ke cikin cocin Kirista mafi girma a Indiya.<ref name="BBC" /> Kiristoci suna da abokantaka ga masu wa'azi na Portugal da farko; an yi musayar kyaututtuka tsakanin su, kuma waɗannan kungiyoyin sun yi farin ciki da bangaskiyarsu.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Mathias Mundadan}}</ref> [[Fayil:Jesuits_at_Akbar's_court.jpg|right|thumb|[[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Sarkin sarakuna Akbar the Great yana gudanar da taron addini a cikin Ibadat Khana; maza biyu da suka yi ado da baki su ne mishaneri na Jesuit, ca. 1605]] A lokacin balaguron na biyu, rundunar jiragen ruwa ta Portugal da ke kunshe da jiragen ruwa 13 da firistoci 18, a karkashin Kyaftin Pedro Álvares Cabral, sun tsaya a Cochin a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 1500. Cabral nan da nan ya sami kyakkyawar niyya na Raja na Cochin. Ya ba da izinin firistoci huɗu su yi aikin manzanni tsakanin al'ummomin Kirista na farko da suka warwatse a ciki da kewayen Cochin. Ta haka ne masu wa'azi na Fotigal suka kafa Ofishin Jakadancin Fotigal a cikin 1500. Dom Francisco de Almeida, Mataimakin Sarkin Portugal na farko ya sami izini daga Kochi Raja don gina majami'u biyu - wato Santa Cruz Basilica (1505) da St. Francis Church (1506) ta amfani da duwatsu da turmi, wanda ba a taɓa jin shi ba a wannan lokacin, saboda nuna bambanci na yankin ya saba da irin wannan tsari don kowane dalili banda fadar sarauta ko haikalin. A farkon karni na 16, duk gabas tana ƙarƙashin ikon Archdiocese na Lisbon. A ranar 12 ga Yuni 1514, Cochin da Goa sun zama manyan tashoshin mishan guda biyu a karkashin sabuwar Diocese na Funchal a Madeira. A cikin 1534, Paparoma Paul III ta hanyar Bull Quequem Reputamus, ya tayar da Funchal a matsayin babban diocese da Goa a matsayin sufragán, yana wakiltar dukan Indiya a ƙarƙashin diocese na Goa. Wannan ya haifar da gabatarwa ga bishop - sufragán zuwa Funchal, tare da ikon da zai iya fadada duk nasarorin da suka gabata da na gaba daga Cape of Good Hope zuwa China. Masu tuba na farko zuwa Kristanci a Goa sune matan Goan da suka auri mazajen Portuguese waɗanda suka zo tare da Afonso na Albuquerque a lokacin da Portuguese suka ci Goa a cikin 1510. Saboda Kiristanci na Goa, sama da 90% na Goans a cikin Velhas Conquistas sun zama Katolika a cikin 1700s. [[Fayil:Codice_Casanatense_Portuguese_Nobleman_and_Christian_Indian.jpg|thumb|'Yan matan Kirista na Goa sun hadu da wani dan kasar Portugal da ke neman matarsa, daga Códice Casanatense (c. 1540) ]] Gwamnatin '''Fotigal''' ta tallafa wa mishanonin. A lokaci guda kuma, da yawa daga cikin '''Sabbin Kiristoci''' daga Fotigal sun yi ƙaura zuwa Indiya saboda '''Inkwizishan na Fotigal'''. Da dama daga cikinsu ana zargin su da zama '''Crypto-Yahudawa''' da '''Crypto-Musulmi''' wato Yahudawa da Musulmi da aka tilasta musu tuba zuwa Kiristanci amma a ɓoye suna ci gaba da gudanar da tsohuwar addininsu. Dukkaninsu an ɗauke su a matsayin barazana ga haɗin kai na imanin Kirista. A cewar '''Maria Aurora Couto''', malamin Jesuit '''Francis Xavier''' ya nemi a kafa '''Inkwizishan na Goa''' a cikin wata wasika da ya aika ranar 16 ga Mayu, 1546 ga Sarkin Fotigal '''John III''', amma an fara gudanar da wannan kotu ne kawai a shekarar 1560.[2] Ofishin Inkwizishan ya yi tsanantawa ga '''Hindawa''', '''Musulmi''', '''Bene Israels''', '''Sabbin Kiristoci''', da kuma '''Nasranis''' masu kange Yahudanci. '''Crypto-Hindawa''' sune suka fi zama abin hari cikin shekaru '''250''' na tsanantawa da hukunci saboda bangaskiyarsu da masu shari’ar Katolika suka yi musu.[4] Masu girbi musamman suka fi shan wuya: '''Shudras (12.5%)''' da kuma '''manoma (35.5%)'''. A shekara ta 1557, an sanya Goa babban bishop mai zaman kansa, kuma an gina su na farko a Cochin da Malacca. Dukan Gabas sun kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Goa kuma iyakokinta sun kai kusan rabin duniya: daga Cape of Good Hope a Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Burma, China da Japan a Gabashin Asiya. A shekara ta 1576, an kara sufragane See na Macao (China); kuma a shekara ta 1588, na Funai a Japan. An canja Diocese na Angamaly zuwa Diocese of Craganore a cikin 1605, yayin da, a cikin 1606 an kafa sufragane na shida zuwa Goa a San Thome, Mylapore, kusa da Madras na zamani, da kuma shafin yanar gizon National Shrine na St. Thomas Basilica. Daga baya an kara sufragán zuwa Goa. sun kasance prelacy na Mozambique (1612), Peking (1609) da Nanking (1609). Wani bangare mai mahimmanci na ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Portuguese Krista ne na Kasar Indiya. Duk da haka [[Daular Portuguese|Portuguese]] ba su iya kafa kasancewarsu a Mangalore ba sakamakon nasarar da mai mulkin Vijayanagara Krishnadevaraya da Abbakka Rani na Ullal, Sarauniyar Bednore ta Mangalore. Yawancin Katolika na Mangalorean ba asalin Mangalore bane amma daga [[Goa]], wanda suka tsere a lokacin Sackings na Goa da Bombay-Bassein kuma don tserewa daga tsanantawar Inquisition na Goan. Abubuwan fasaha masu zuwa sun riga sun kasance kafin Kiristanci na Turai kuma sun zama wani ɓangare na fasahar addini da gine-gine na Kiristoci na Saint Thomas: * Gicciye mai budewa (dutse) da ake kira Nasrani Sthamba * ''Kodimaram'' (''Dwajasthamba'') ko ma'auni na tutar da aka yi da itacen teak na [[Kerala]] kuma sau da yawa an rufe shi a cikin bututun jan ƙarfe ko paras * Dutse ''Deepasthamba'' ko kuma fitilu.<ref name="scribd.com">{{Cite web |title=Art Architecture India Christian Kerala Syrian Christianity |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/7697242/Art-Architecture-India-Christian-Kerala-Syrian-Christianity |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402233842/https://www.scribd.com/doc/7697242/Art-Architecture-India-Christian-Kerala-Syrian-Christianity |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref> Bayan isowar Vasco da Gama kuma musamman bayan farawar mulkin Portuguese a Indiya, alamu daban-daban na fasahar Kirista sun bunkasa a cikin yankunan tasirin Portuguese, galibi a bakin tekun tsibirin. Portuguese sun ba da izinin gine-gine masu ban mamaki kuma sun inganta gine-gine fiye da kowane nau'i na fasaha mai kyau. St. Francis Church, Kochi shine wuri na farko na Turai na ibada a Indiya kuma ba zato ba tsammani kuma wurin da aka fara binne Vasco da Gama. Fasahar Kirista ta Goa ta kai ga ƙarshe a cikin ginin coci, ta kafa harsashin Baroque na Indiya. Gine-gine na Kirista na Indiya a lokacin mulkin Burtaniya ya fadada zuwa nau'o'i daban-daban sakamakon babban ginin coci a sassa daban-daban na kasar. Halin da aka fi tallafawa ana kiransa da salon Regency na Burtaniya wanda ya biyo bayan gine-ginen Neo-Gothic da Gothic Revival. Yawancin majami'u da majami'un Furotesta a Indiya sun dace da tsarin gine-ginen Neo-Gothic da Gothic Revival. Daidaitawar abubuwan gine-ginen Turai zuwa yanayin zafi a Indiya ya haifar da kirkirar salon Indo-Gothic. St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata misali ne na wannan salon. Cocin St. Mary, Chennai, cocin Anglican na farko da aka gina a gabashin Suez yana ɗaya daga cikin misalai na farko na gine-ginen mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a Indiya. Ana iya ganin tasirin Faransanci da Danish a kan fasahar Kirista da gine-gine a Indiya a yankunansu.<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> Fayil:Manarcad_Marthamariam_Cathedral_DSW.jpg|Manarcad Church is one of the oldest churches as well as a popular pilgrim site in India. Fayil:AloysiusChapel.jpg|Interior of the St. Aloysius Chapel in Mangalore, an example of Indo-Baroque Fayil:Cathedral_Church_of_the_Redemption.jpg|Interior of the CNI Cathedral Church of Redemption, New Delhi, a fine example of the Indo-Saracenic architectureal style Fayil:Se’_Cathedral,_Goa.jpg|Built in 1562, Se Cathedral is an example of the Portuguese-Manueline style of architecture.{{Sfn|Issar|1997}}{{Sfn|Pereira|2000}} Fayil:St_Paul's_Cathedral,_Kolkata.jpg|St. Paul's CNI Cathedral, Calcutta is one of the finest examples of Gothic Revival architecture in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The story of the fifth Bishop of Calcutta |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/heritage/the-story-of-the-fifth-bishop-of-calcutta/cid/1689553 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925143016/https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/heritage/the-story-of-the-fifth-bishop-of-calcutta/cid/1689553 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |access-date=4 June 2020 |website=The Telegraph |language=en}}</ref> Fayil:Infant_Jesus_Cathedral_Kollam,_Mar_2016.jpg|Infant Jesus Cathedral in Kollam city is an example of modern church architecture in India. Fayil:St._Marks_Cathedral,_Bangalore._(Old_Postcard_Re-print),_India_Post_(2014).jpg|St. Mark's Cathedral, Bangalore is an example of the English Baroque style in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Philately Digest : News : April 2014 |url=http://www.indianphilately.net/news0414.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604101028/http://www.indianphilately.net/news0414.html |archive-date=4 June 2020 |access-date=4 June 2020 |website=India Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2009 |title=200 years of Bangalore's oldest Christian landmark |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/web-exclusive/story/200-years-of-bangalores-oldest-christian-landmark-36864-2009-01-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413113345/https://www.indiatoday.in/web-exclusive/story/200-years-of-bangalores-oldest-christian-landmark-36864-2009-01-09 |archive-date=13 April 2019 |access-date=4 June 2020 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Fayil:George'sCathedral.jpg|Church of South India Cathedral of St. George, Chennai is an example of the Neoclassical style.<ref>{{Cite web |title=200 Years of the Iconic St George's Cathedral in Chennai |url=https://www.ndtv.com/chennai-news/200-years-of-the-iconic-st-georges-cathedral-in-chennai-1264204 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604100842/https://www.ndtv.com/chennai-news/200-years-of-the-iconic-st-georges-cathedral-in-chennai-1264204 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |access-date=4 June 2020 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Fayil:Medak_Cathedral_(1).jpg|The Gothic Revival style Medak Cathedral is one of the largest churches in Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medak Cathedral Church {{!}} District Medak, Government of Telangana {{!}} India |url=https://medak.telangana.gov.in/tourist-place/medak-cathedral-church/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604101030/https://medak.telangana.gov.in/tourist-place/medak-cathedral-church/ |archive-date=4 June 2020 |access-date=4 June 2020 |publisher=Govt. of Telangana}}</ref> Fayil:All_Saints_Cathedral,_Allahabad_in_the_night.jpg|The Gothic Revival style All Saints Cathedral, Allahabad illuminated at night<ref>{{Cite web |title=All About All Saint's Cathedral |url=http://allahabad.gov.in/en/details/all-saint%E2%80%99s-cathedral/310030003500 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506023341/http://allahabad.gov.in/en/details/all-saint%E2%80%99s-cathedral/310030003500 |archive-date=6 May 2020 |access-date=4 June 2020 |website=allahabad.gov.in |publisher=Official website of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India}}</ref> Fayil:Afghan_Church_-_Doorway.jpg|Buff-coloured basalt and limestone doorway to the CNI Afghan Church<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2004 |title=Afghan church gets a glass makeover |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/afghan-church-gets-a-glass-makeover/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423015136/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/afghan-church-gets-a-glass-makeover/ |archive-date=23 April 2021 |access-date=23 April 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Fayil:A_traditional_Malankara_Church_-_Vadayaparambu_Mar_Bahanas_Church.jpg|Vadayaparambu Mar Bahanans Church, built in the traditional style of the Malankara Orthodox Church Fayil:St._James_Church_9.jpg| St. James' Church, Delhi, built on a Greek cruciform plan, is an example of the Renaissance Revival style in India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kapoor |first=Cheena |date=8 March 2017 |title=St James, Delhi's oldest church set to get a facelift |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/delhi/report-st-james-delhi-s-oldest-church-set-to-get-a-facelift-2345902 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423015127/https://www.dnaindia.com/delhi/report-st-james-delhi-s-oldest-church-set-to-get-a-facelift-2345902 |archive-date=23 April 2021 |access-date=23 April 2021 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> </gallery> == Al'adu == [[Fayil:Knajewfood.jpg|right|thumb|Pesaha Appam burodi ne na Idin Ƙetarewa wanda ba a yisti ba wanda Kiristoci na Saint Thomas na Kerala suka yi don a yi amfani da shi a daren Idin Ƙetnames.]] [[Fayil:Goan_Ros_Ceremony.jpg|thumb|Bikin gargajiya na Katolika na Goan]] Duk da yake Kiristoci a Kasar Indiya ba su da al'ada ɗaya, al'adunsu galibi sun haɗa da al'adun Indiya, Siriya da Turai. Ya bambanta daga yanki zuwa wani dangane da dalilai da yawa kamar al'ada da al'ada na liturgical da kuma tsawon lokacin da Kristanci ya kasance a waɗancan yankuna. Kiristoci na Saint Thomas na Kerala na dā suna da al'adu daban-daban idan aka kwatanta da Kiristoci a wasu sassan ƙasar. Dangantakar tarihi tare da Cocin Gabas da daidaita al'adun Indiya sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban al'adun gargajiya na Siriya ko Nasranis na Kerala.Amfani da laima mai ban sha'awa don bukukuwan addini na Kirista ya nuna misali na halin asalin Kiristanci na Syriac na Kerala.[2] Malankara Nasranis (Kiristocin Thomas) suna da al'adun Syro-Malabarese na musamman wanda ya haɗa da abubuwan kirista na Yahudawa, tare da wasu al'adun Hindu. A sakamakon Kiristanci na Goa da Portuguese suka yi a karni na 16 AD, Katolika na Goan sun karɓi al'adun Yammacin Turai. Waƙar, waƙa da abincin Goa sun sami rinjaye sosai daga Portuguese. al'adun Katolika na Goan sun haɗu da al'adun Portuguese da Konkani, tare da tsohon yana da matsayi mafi girma saboda Portuguese sun mallaki Goa kai tsaye daga 1510 zuwa 1961. Katolika na Mangalorean, waɗanda galibi baƙi ne daga Yankin Konkan zuwa yankin Canara na Carnataca, sun haɓaka al'adun Katolika na Mangelorean. Kiristanci a wasu sassan Indiya ya bazu a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Dutch, Danish, Faransanci kuma mafi mahimmanci Ingilishi daga farkon karni na 17 zuwa lokacin Independence na Indiya a 1947. Al'adun Kirista a sassa daban-daban na Indiya, addini da al'adun masu mulkin mallaka sun rinjayi su. Al'adun Kirista na zamani a Indiya sun samo asali ne daga Al'adun Ingilishi, sakamakon tasirin da rinjaye na tsohon mulkin Indiyawan Burtaniya, wannan a bayyane yake a al'adun Kiristoci na Gabashin Indiya na Bombay, waɗanda suka kasance batutuwa na farko na mulkin Ingilishi, a cikin Tsibirin Bakwai na Bombay da yankunan da ke kusa da Arewacin Konkan. Littafin Addu'a na yau da kullun kari ne da aka yi amfani da shi sosai don bauta a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin Protestant na Anglican guda biyu: Ikilisiyar Kudancin Indiya da Ikilisiyar Arewacin Indiya. A yau ana ɗaukar Kiristoci a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin al'ummomin ci gaba a Indiya. Al'adun Turai sun fi rinjayar Kiristoci na birane, wanda ake la'akari da fa'ida a cikin yanayin kasuwanci na birane na Indiya; an ba da wannan a matsayin bayani ga yawancin ƙwararrun Kirista a bangaren kamfanoni na Indiya. Cocin Kirista yana gudanar da dubban Cibiyoyin ilimi waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga ƙarfafa al'adun Kirista a Indiya. Addini yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar yau da kullun ta Kiristoci na kasar Indiya, Kasar Indiya tana cikin matsayi na 15 tsakanin ƙasashe da suka danganci halartar coci. Sau da yawa Katolika na Indiya suna yin bikin addini da carnivals. Birane da ke da yawan Krista suna murna da ranakun tsarkaka. Kamar yadda yake a wasu sassan duniya, Kirsimeti shine mafi mahimmancin biki ga Kiristoci na Indiya. Kwallon Kirsimeti na Anglo-Indian da aka gudanar a mafi yawan manyan biranen sun zama wani bangare na musamman na al'adun Kirista na Indiya. Babban Jumma'a hutu ne na kasa, All Souls Day wani hutu ne wanda yawancin Kiristoci a Indiya ke kiyayewa. Yawancin majami'u na Furotesta suna yin bukukuwan girbi, yawanci a ƙarshen Oktoba ko farkon Nuwamba. Mutane da yawa suna kiyaye Easter da All Saints Day. Bikin auren na Kirista a kasar Indiya ya dace da bikin auren fararen fata. Koyaya, wasu amarya Kirista a kudu, suna sa fararen Sary maimakon fararen tufafi (gashi). Kafin shekarun 1960, amarya Kirista na Kudancin Canarese ne ke sa dhothi zuwa bikin aurensu na Cocin; kusan an maye gurbinsa da baƙar fata da ɗaure a zamanin yau. == Yawan jama'a == {{Historical populations|1951|8,305,000|1961|10,729,000|1971|14,225,000|1981|16,650,000|1991|19,455,000|2001|24,080,016|2011|27,819,588}} Ƙididdigar Indiya ta 2001 ta rubuta Kiristoci 24,080,016 a cikin ƙasar, wakiltar kashi 2.34 cikin ɗari na yawan jama'a. Yawancin Kiristoci na Indiya Furotesta ne, sannan Katolikawa da Orthodox na Gabas da sauransu. === Yawan jama'a ta yanki da rukuni === [[Fayil:2001_Census_India_religion_distribution_map,_percent_Christian_in_states_and_union_territories.svg|right|thumb|Rarraba yawan Krista a jihohin Indiya daban-daban <ref name="census">{{Cite web |title=Population by religious communities |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106014425/http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm |archive-date=6 January 2019 |access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref>]] [[Fayil:India_Christian.png|right|thumb|Kashi na yawan Krista ta gundumar, ƙididdigar Indiya 2011]] Kiristanci shine babban addini a jihohin arewa maso gabashin Nagaland, Mizoram Meghalaya, da Manipur. Akwai yawancin Krista, a yankunan Arunachal, Assam, Tripura, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa da Tsibirin Andaman da Nicobar. Yawan Krista na yankin Bombay (Mumbai) , yana sama da matsakaicin ƙasa na kashi 2.3 kuma an gano yana da kashi 3.45 bisa ga ƙididdigar 2011.   A cewar Pew Research, kashi 74% na Kiristoci a Indiya sun kasance daga kungiyoyin zamantakewa marasa galihu, galibi sun fi mayar da hankali a Kudu, Gabas, da Arewa maso Gabas. Wannan ya hada da kashi 33% na Scheduled Castes (a.k.a. Dalit Christian), galibi a Kudancin Indiya, da kuma kashi 24% na Schedued Tribes, galibi a Gabas da Arewa maso Gabas Binciken 2015 ya kiyasta wasu Kiristoci 40,000 daga asalin musulmi a kasar, mafi yawansu na Furotesta ne. {{Sticky header}} {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" |+Yankunan da ke da mafi rinjaye ko yawa a Indiya kamar yadda kididdigar 2011 ta nuna <ref name="censusindia.gov.in">{{Cite web |title=India Census 2011 |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archive-date=25 August 2015 |access-date=5 March 2022 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in}}</ref> !Jihohi !Jama'ar Kirista !Kashi (%) !Matsayi |- |'''Kerala''' |6,141,269 |18.38 |"Ma'ana" |- |'''Meghalaya''' |2,213,027 |74.59 |"Mafi yawanci" |- |'''Nagaland''' |1,739,651 |87.93 |"Mafi yawanci" |- |'''Manipur''' |1,179,043 |41.29 |"Yawanci" |- |'''Mizoram''' |956,331 |87.16 |"Mafi yawanci" |- |'''Arunachal Pradesh''' |418,732 |30.26 |"Yawanci" |- |'''Goa''' |366,130 |25.10 |"Ma'ana" |} Yawancin 'yan asalin Goa Krista ne. Dangane da kididdigar 1909 a cikin Katolika Encyclopedia, jimlar yawan Krista a cikin Goa da ke sarrafa Portuguese ya kasance 293,628 daga cikin jimlar yawan 365,291 (80.33%).  Saboda ƙaurawar 'yan asalin ƙasar (yawanci Katolika na Goan) daga Goa zuwa biranen duniya a Indiya (Mumbai, Bangalore, da dai sauransu) da kuma ƙasashen waje, da kuma ƙaura mai yawa na waɗanda ba Krista ba zuwa Goa daga wasu jihohin Indiya tun daga ƙarni na 20, yawan jama'ar Goa sun canza sosai. Kasa da kashi 50% na mazaunan Indiya a Goa 'yan kabilar Goans ne. Ƙididdigar Indiya ta ba mu lambobin hukuma don yawan Krista a Indiya. An rubuta ƙididdigar Indiya a kowace shekara goma tun 1871 kuma koyaushe ya haɗa da addini (tare da yawan jama'a, kabilanci, rarraba yankunan karkara, da kuma aiki, da sauransu). Ƙididdigar da aka buga kwanan nan ta fito ne daga shekara ta 2011. Kimanin da ya biyo baya daga 2013, 2015, 2017 da 2019 ana kuma la'akari da abin dogaro. {| class="wikitable sortable defaultright col1left sticky-header" |+Jiha / Tarayyar Yankin-so'a yawan Krista, ƙididdigar Indiya ta 2011 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Census of India – Religious Composition |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913045700/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html |archive-date=13 September 2015 |access-date=27 August 2015 |publisher=Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ST-14: Scheduled Tribe population by religious community, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114034625/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html |archive-date=14 November 2019 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |Jiha / UT ! rowspan="2" |Yawan jama'a ! colspan="3" |Jama'ar Kirista ! colspan="2" |ST yawan Kiristoci |- !Adadin !% na Indiya !% na Jiha !Adadin !% na Kirista na Jiha |- style="background:silver;font-weight:bold" |{{Flagu|India}} |1,210,854,977 |27,819,588 |100 |2.30 |10,327,052 |37.12 |- |Andhra Pradesh |84,580,777 |1,129,784 |4.06 |1.34 |26,512 |2.35 |- |Arunachal Pradesh |1,383,727 |418,732 |1.51 |30.26 |389,507 |93.02 |- |Assam |31,205,576 |1,165,867 |4.19 |3.74 |495,379 |42.49 |- |Bihar |104,099,452 |129,247 |0.46 |0.12 |32,523 |25.16 |- |Chhattisgarh |25,545,198 |490,542 |1.76 |1.92 |385,041 |78.49 |- |Goa |1,458,545 |366,130 |1.32 |25.10 |48,783 |13.32 |- |Gujarat |60,439,692 |316,178 |1.14 |0.52 |120,777 |38.2 |- |[[Haryana]] |25,351,462 |50,353 |0.18 |0.20|| {{N/a}} || {{N/a}} |- |[[Himachal Pradesh]] |6,864,602 |12,646 |0.05 |0.18 |275 |2.17 |- |Jharkhand |32,988,134 |1,418,608 |5.1 |4.30 |1,338,175 |94.33 |- |Karnataka |61,095,297 |1,142,647 |4.11 |1.87 |12,811 |1.12 |- |Kerala |33,406,061 |6,141,269 |22.08 |18.38 |32,844 |0.53 |- |Madhya Pradesh |72,626,809 |213,282 |0.77 |0.29 |88,548 |41.52 |- |Maharashtra |112,374,333 |1,080,073 |3.88 |0.96 |20,335 |1.88 |- |Manipur |2,855,794 |1,179,043 |4.24 |41.29 |1,137,318 |96.46 |- |Meghalaya |2,966,889 |2,213,027 |7.95 |74.59 |2,157,887 |97.51 |- |Mizoram |1,097,206 |956,331 |3.44 |87.16 |933,302 |97.59 |- |Nagaland |1,978,502 |1,739,651 |6.25 |87.93 |1,680,424 |96.6 |- |Odisha |41,974,218 |1,161,708 |4.18 |2.77 |816,981 |70.33 |- |Punjab |27,743,338 |348,230 |1.25 |1.26|| {{N/a}} || {{N/a}} |- |[[Rajasthan]] |68,548,437 |96,430 |0.35 |0.14 |25,375 |26.31 |- |[[Sikkim]] |610,577 |60,522 |0.22 |9.91 |16,899 |27.92 |- |Tamil Nadu |72,147,030 |4,418,331 |15.88 |6.12 |7,222 |0.16 |- |Tripura |3,673,917 |159,882 |0.57 |4.35 |153,061 |95.73 |- |Uttar Pradesh |199,812,341 |356,448 |1.28 |0.18 |1,011 |0.28 |- |[[Uttarakhand]] |10,086,292 |37,781 |0.14 |0.37 |437 |1.16 |- |Yammacin Bengal |91,276,115 |658,618 |2.37 |0.72 |343,893 |52.21 |- |[[Tsibiran Andaman da Nicobar|Tsibirin Andaman da Nicobar]] |380,581 |80,984 |0.29 |21.28 |57,280 |70.73 |- |Chandigarh |1,055,450 |8,720 |0.03 |0.83|| {{N/a}} || {{N/a}} |- |Dadra da Nagar Haveli |343,709 |5,113 |0.02 |1.49 |2,658 |51.99 |- |Daman da Diu |243,247 |2,820 |0.01 |1.16 |16 |0.57 |- |Delhi |16,787,941 |146,093 |0.53 |0.87|| {{N/a}} || {{N/a}} |- |Jammu da Kashmir |12,541,302 |35,631 |0.13 |0.28 |1,775 |4.98 |- |[[Lakshadweep]] |64,473 |317 |0 |0.49 |3 |0.95 |- |Puducherry |1,247,953 |78,550 |0.28 |6.29|| {{N/a}} || {{N/a}} |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Rarraba yawan jama'a na kowane addini ta hanyar matsayi kamar yadda Kwamitin Sachar kan harkokin musulmi ya ruwaito a shekara ta 2006 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=Social, Economic and Educational Status of the Muslim Community of India |url=https://www.minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/default/files/sachar_comm.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503115359/http://www.minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/default/files/sachar_comm.pdf |archive-date=3 May 2022 |access-date=19 May 2022 |website=minorityaffairs.gov.in}}</ref> !Addini !SC !ST !OBC !Cibiyar gaba |- |Addinin Buddha |89.5% |7.4% |0.4% |2.7% |- |Addinin Sikh |30.7% |0.9% |22.4% |46.1% |- |Addinin Hindu |22.2% |9.1% |42.8% |26.0% |- | style="background:silver" |'''Kiristanci''' | style="background:silver" |'''9.0%''' | style="background:silver" |'''32.8%''' | style="background:silver" |'''24.8%''' | style="background:silver" |'''33.3%''' |- |[[Musulunci a Indiya|Musulunci]] |0.8% |0.5% |39.2% |59.5% |- |Jainisma |0.0% |2.6% |3.0% |94.3% |- |Zoroastrianism |0.0% |15.9% |13.7% |70.4% |- |Sauran |2.6% |82.5% |6.2% |8.7% |- !Jimillar !19.7% !8.5% !41.1% !30.8% |}   A cikin 2011, Pew ya ba da rahoton [[Protestan bangaskiya|Furotesta]] 18,860,000, [[Cocin katolika|Katolikawa]] 10,570,000, Orthodox na Gabas 2,370,000 da sauran Kiristoci 50,000 a Indiya. Sauran kafofin sun kiyasta jimlar adadin Furotesta a duk faɗin ƙasar a cikin daruruwan addinai a miliyan 45 (miliyan 45). <ref name="Lausanne1">{{Cite web |date=8 July 2011 |title=Number of Christians in China and India |url=https://www.lausanne.org/lgc-transfer/number-of-christians-in-china-and-india-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613031349/https://www.lausanne.org/lgc-transfer/number-of-christians-in-china-and-india-2 |archive-date=13 June 2020 |access-date=13 June 2020 |website=Lausanne Movement}}</ref> Tushen da yawa sun kiyasta yawan Katolika a Indiya a sama da miliyan 17 (1.7 crore) Mafi girman ƙungiya ɗaya shine Cocin Katolika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics by Country, by Percentage Catholic [Catholic-Hierarchy] |url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/sc3.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701013539/http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/sc3.html |archive-date=1 July 2020 |access-date=13 June 2020 |website=catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref> Anglicans a cikin Ikilisiyar Arewacin Indiya da Ikilisiyar Kudancin Indiya, sun kasance rukuni na biyu mafi girma a sama da miliyan 5 (miliyan 5). &nbsp;&nbsp; ==== Kongiyoyi na Katolika ==== The Saint Thomas Christians (Syro Malabar Church, Syro-Malankara Catholic Church, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, Jacobite Syrian Christian Church, Chaldean Syrian Church, CSI Syrian Christians, Mar Thoma Syrian Church, Pentecostal Syrian Christians, St. Thomas Evangelical Church and Malabar Independent Syrian Church) of [[Kerala]] form 18.75% of the Christians in India with 4.5&nbsp;million of them. 310,000 were members of the Syro-Malankara Church<ref>{{Cite web |title=Recapitulation of Statistics |url=http://www.malankaracatholicchurch.net/Statistics.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175035/http://www.malankaracatholicchurch.net/Statistics.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |publisher=The Syro-Malankara Catholic Major Archiepiscopal Church}}</ref>  and 4,000,000 of the Syro-Malabar Church.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2013}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2013)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup>  In January 1993, the Syro-Malabar Church and in February 2005, the Syro-Malankara Church were raised to the status of major archiepiscopal churches by [[John Paul na Biyu|Pope John Paul II]]. The Syro-Malabar Church is the second largest among the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches who accept the Pope as the visible head of the whole church. The Oriental Orthodox churches in India include the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church with 1120,000 members, the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church with 800,000 members and the Malabar Independent Syrian Church with 30,000 members. The Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church is an Eastern Protestant denomination with 1,100,000 members.{{Sfn|Fahlbusch|Bromiley|Lochman|2008}}<ref name="Mar Thoma">{{Cite web |title=Overview – MAR THOMA SYRIAN CHURCH OF MALABAR |url=http://marthoma.in/overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203183635/http://marthoma.in/overview |archive-date=3 December 2015 |access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref> ==== Ƙungiyoyin Furotesta ==== Yawancin addinan Furotesta suna da wakilci a Indiya, sakamakon ayyukan mishan a duk faɗin ƙasar, kamar su Ƙungiyar Wa'azi ta Amirka, Ƙungiyar Yadawar Ofishin Jakadancin Bishara, Ƙungiyar Waƙoƙin Ikilisiyar Ingila da sauran manufofi da yawa daga Turai, Amurka da Ostiraliya. A shekara ta 1961, wani bangare na bishara na Ikilisiyar Mar Thoma ya rabu kuma ya kafa Ikilisiyar Bishara ta St. Thomas ta Indiya wacce ke da mambobi 35,000. Akwai kimanin 1,267,786 Lutherans, 648,000 Methodists,  2,392,694 Baptists, da 823,456 Presbyterians a Indiya. Har ila yau, ƙungiyar Open Brethren tana da wakilci sosai a Indiya. Babban rukuni na 'yan uwa an san su da' yan uwan Indiya (tare da masu zuwa da aka kiyasta a wani wuri tsakanin 449,550 [1] da 1,000,000), wanda Kerala Brethren suna da mahimmanci. Taron da ke da alaƙa da juna Jehovah Shammah suna da kusan manya 310,000 da yara a cikin zumunci tun daga shekara ta 2010. [1] Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar su a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar 'yan uwa, kodayake wani mai bishara na asali (Bakht Singh) ne ya kafa su kuma ya ci gaba da zaman kansa daga ƙungiyar' 'Yan uwa na Indiya, wanda ya samo asali ne daga ƙoƙarin mishan. Pentecostalism kuma ƙungiya ce mai saurin haɓaka a Indiya. Manyan majami'u na Pentecostal a Indiya sune Ikilisiyar Pentecostal ta Indiya,  Majalisar Allah, Ofishin Jakadancin Pentecostal, Sabon Ikilisiyar Manzanni tare da mambobi 1,448,209, New Life Fellowship Association tare da mambozi 480,000, Ikklisiyoyin Manna Full Gospel tare da mambofi 275,000, da Ikilisiyar Bishara ta Indiya tare da mamboci 250,000.<gallery widths="200" heights="200"> Fayil:A_view_of_the_Saint_Francis_Xavier_church_Old_Goa_during_the_feast_of_Saint_Francis_Xavier_on_December_02,_2009.jpg|Goan Catholics celebrating the feast of Saint Francis Xavier Fayil:Crucession_in_CNI_Church.jpg|Marathi Anglicans in Mumbai Fayil:Oriental_Orthodox_church_in_India_collects_palm_fronds_for_the_Palm_Sunday.jpg|Oriental Orthodox Christians celebrating Palm Sunday Fayil:Devotees_light_candles_and_pray_outside_the_Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_Church_on_the_occasion_of_Christmas,_at_Gol_Dak_Khana,_in_New_Delhi_on_December_25,_2013.jpg|Devotees light candles and pray outside the Sacred Heart Cathedral, New Delhi on the occasion of Christmas. </gallery> ==== Jerin ====   {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" |+Christian denominations in India{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2025|reason=for any denomination without a source for the numbers}} !Church name ! data-sort-type="number" |Population ! width="50%" |Orientation |- |Latin Church ("Roman Catholic" Church) |11,800,000 |'''[[Cocin katolika|Catholic]], Latin Church''' |- |Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church |1,600,000{{Sfn|Fahlbusch|Bromiley|Lochman|2008}} |'''Oriental Orthodox, West Syriac Rite''' |- |Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church |1,200,000{{Sfn|Fahlbusch|Bromiley|Lochman|2008}} |'''Oriental Orthodox, West Syriac Rite (Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch)''' |- |Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church |1,100,000<ref name="Mar Thoma"/> |'''Independent and Eastern Protestant Christian, Protestant West Syriac Rite''' |- |Syro-Malabar Catholic Church |4,000,000<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2007 |title=Population Statistics and Demography of Saint Thomas Christians, Churches with historical references |url=http://nasrani.net/2007/02/13/population-statistics-demography-saint-thomas-christians-churches/#footnote_26_181 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806070419/https://www.nasrani.net/2007/02/13/population-statistics-demography-saint-thomas-christians-churches/#footnote_26_181 |archive-date=6 August 2017 |access-date=5 March 2015 |website=Nasranis}}</ref> |'''Catholic, East Syriac Rite''' |- |Syro-Malankara Catholic Church |410,000<ref name="statistics">{{Cite web |date=13 February 2007 |title=Population Statistics |url=http://nasrani.net/2007/02/13/population-statistics-demography-saint-thomas-christians-churches/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806070419/https://www.nasrani.net/2007/02/13/population-statistics-demography-saint-thomas-christians-churches/ |archive-date=6 August 2017 |access-date=23 November 2009}}</ref> |'''Catholic, West Syriac Rite''' |- |Malabar Independent Syrian Church |20,000 |'''Independent, West Syriac Rite''' (follows Oriental Orthodox faith) |- |Chaldean Syrian Church |35,000 |'''Church of the East, East Syriac''' |- |Nagaland Baptist Church Council |687,442 |'''Protestant (Baptist)''' |- |St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India |35,000 |'''Episcopalian Protestant''' |- |Church of South India |4,000,000 |'''Anglican''' (United and uniting) |- |Church of North India |2,100,000+ |'''Anglican''' (United and uniting) |- |Methodist Church in India |648,000 |'''Protestant''' |- |India Pentecostal Church of God |2,600,000 |'''Protestant Evangelical Pentecostal''' |- |Assemblies of God in India |5,000,000{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2022}} |'''Protestant Evangelical Pentecostal''' |- |United Pentecostal Church in India |105,000<ref name="Global Mission Statistics Report">{{Cite web |date=December 2018 |title=United Pentecostal Church of North East India |url=http://upcnei.org/global-mission-statistics-report/ |access-date=19 October 2023 |archive-date=2 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102064547/http://upcnei.org/global-mission-statistics-report/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |'''Protestant Evangelical Pentecostal''' |- |The Pentecostal Mission |700,000 |'''Protestant''' |- |Baptist |2,991,276<ref name="BWAInd">{{Cite web |title=Baptist World Alliance – Statistics |url=https://www.bwanet.org/statistics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927141856/http://bwanet.org/statistics |archive-date=27 September 2019 |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=bwanet.org}}</ref> |'''Protestant'''<br /><br />(''List of Baptist denominations in India'') |- |Assemblies Jehovah Shammah |310,000 |'''Protestant''' (''Plymouth Brethren'') |- |Lutheran |4,220,178<ref name="autogenerated8">{{Cite web |title=India, continued... (Jainism-) |url=http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_137.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028180907/http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_137.html |archive-date=28 October 2014 |access-date=5 March 2015 |website=Adherents.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India-The Lutheran World Federation |url=https://www.lutheranworld.org/country/india |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418204605/https://www.lutheranworld.org/country/india |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=lutheranworld.org}}</ref> |'''Protestant'''<br /><br />(''List of Lutheran Denominations Worldwide'') |- |Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church (JELC) |250,000 |'''Protestant Lutheran''' |- |Orissa Baptist Evangelistic Crusade (OBEC) |650,000 |'''Protestant Baptist''' |- |Indian Brethren |449,550<ref name="Mandryk 2010 408" /> to 1,000,000 |'''Protestant''' (''Kerala Brethren'') |- |Presbyterian Church of India |1,452,780<ref name="Presbyind">{{Cite web |date=27 April 2018 |title=Member Church Feature: Presbyterian Church of India |url=https://www.cwmission.org/member-church-feature-presbyterian-church-of-india-pci/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001131849/https://www.cwmission.org/member-church-feature-presbyterian-church-of-india-pci/ |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=Council for World Mission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Official Site of The Presbyterian Church of India (PCI) |url=http://www.pcishillong.org/statistics.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114202147/http://www.pcishillong.org/statistics.php |archive-date=14 November 2017 |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=pcishillong.org}}</ref> |'''Protestant''' (Reformed) |- |Reformed Presbyterian Church North East India |15,000 |'''Protestant''' (Reformed) |- |Reformed Presbyterian Church of India |10,000 |'''Protestant''' (Reformed) |- |Evangelical Church of Maraland |30,000 |'''Protestant''' (Reformed) |- |Congregational Church in India |5,500 |'''Protestant''' (Reformed) |- |Council of Reformed Churches of India |200,000 |'''Protestant''' (Reformed) |- |Hindustani Covenant Church |16,600 |'''Protestant''' |- |Evangelical Church |250,000 |'''Protestant''' |- |New Apostolic Church<ref name="autogenerated4">{{Cite web |title=PENTECOSTALISM IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW Stanley M. Burgess 2001 |url=http://www.apts.edu/aeimages/File/AJPS_PDF/01-1-SBurgess.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104030659/http://www.apts.edu/aeimages/File/AJPS_PDF/01-1-SBurgess.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2013 |access-date=2 November 2013}}</ref> |1,448,209 |'''Protestant''' |- |Pentecostal Maranatha Gospel Church |12,000 |'''Protestant''' |- |New Life Fellowship Association<ref name="autogenerated4" /> |480,000 |'''Protestant''' |- |Sharon Fellowship Church<ref name="autogenerated4" /> |50,000 |'''Protestant''' |- |Manna Full Gospel Churches<ref name="autogenerated4" /> |275,000 |'''Protestant''' |- |Philadelphia Fellowship Church of India<ref name="autogenerated4" /> |200,000 |'''Protestant''' |- |Seventh-day Adventist Church |1,560,000<ref name="7dai">{{Cite web |title=International Resources for Latter-day Saints |url=http://www.cumorah.com/index.php?target=view_other_articles&story_id=497&cat_id=30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605202444/http://www.cumorah.com/index.php?target=view_other_articles&story_id=497&cat_id=30 |archive-date=5 June 2013 |access-date=9 June 2013 |website=Cumorah.com}}</ref> |'''Protestant (Restorationism)''' |- |Unitarian Union of Northeast India |10,000 |'''Unitarian''' |- |Jehovah's Witnesses |42,566 |'''Jehovah's Witnesses (Restorationism)''' |- |The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints |14,528<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics and Church Facts &#124; Total Church Membership |url=http://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/india |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416001151/https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/india |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=12 March 2021 |website=newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org}}</ref> |'''Latter Day Saints (Restorationism)''' |- |Christian Revival Church |21,447 |'''Protestant (Pentecostal)''' |- |Mennonite Brethren Church |103,000 |'''Protestant''' (Reformed) |- |Community of Christ |15,000+ |'''Latter Day Saints (Restorationism)''' |} == Rikici da jayayya == === Rikicin Hindu da Kirista da jayayya === [[Fayil:Adoration_Mangalore.jpg|thumb|Masallacin Adoration, Mangalore, bayan da 'yan bindiga na Bajrang Dal suka lalata shi a lokacin hare-haren Satumba 2008 a kan Kiristoci a MangaloreSatumba 2008 hare-hare kan Kiristoci a Mangalore]] [[Fayil:Orissa_violence_destroyedbuilding.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan coci da aka ƙone a lokacin hare-haren da aka kai wa Krista a Orissa a shekara ta 2008Hare-haren da aka kai wa Krista a shekara ta 2008 a Orissa]] Zuwan masu mulkin mallaka na Turai ya haifar da babban aikin mishan a bakin tekun Indiya da Arewa maso gabashin Indiya. Kisan kiyashi na Cuncolim da mamayewar Mahratta na Goa-Anjediva da Bombay-Bassein suna daga cikin rikice-rikicen farko da aka sani. An yadawa Kiristoci a matsayin addinin "baƙo", tare da ci gaban Addinin Hindu, duk da gaskiyar cewa mutane da cibiyoyin Kirista da yawa sun kasance ga kishin ƙasa na Indiya. A lokacin Hare-haren 1998 a kan Kiristoci a kudu maso gabashin Gujarat, Human Rights Watch ta ba da rahoton cewa daga 25 ga Disamba 1988 zuwa 3 ga Janairu 1999, akalla dakunan addu'a 20 sun lalace ko ƙone kuma an kai hari ga cibiyoyin Kirista a Gundumar Dangs, da gundumomin da ke kewaye da ita da akalla ƙauyuka 25 sun ba da rahoton abubuwan da suka faru na ƙonewa da lalacewar dakunan adduʼa a duk fadin Gujarat. A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1999, Dara Singh (Bajrang Dal) ya ƙone wani mishan na Australiya Graham Staines da 'ya'yansa maza biyu yayin da suke barci a cikin motar sa a ƙauyen Manoharpur a gundumar Keonjhar a Odisha, Indiya. A cikin rahotanni na shekara-shekara na haƙƙin ɗan adam na 1999, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta kuma soki Indiya don "karin tashin hankali na al'umma a kan Kiristoci". Rahoton game da tashin hankali na Kirista ya lissafa abubuwan da suka faru sama da 90 na tashin hankali na Krista, daga lalacewar dukiyar addini zuwa tashin hankali a kan mahajjata Kiristoci.Jihohin Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh da Tamil Nadu sun zartar da dokoki da ke sanya takunkumi kan tilasta juyin juya halin addini sakamakon tashin hankali tsakanin Kiristoci da Hindu. Dokar da aka zartar a Tamil Nadu daga baya aka soke ta. A shekara ta 2007, 'yan Hindu masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun ƙone majami'u 19 a Odisha biyo bayan rikice-rikice tsakanin Hindu da Kiristoci game da bukukuwan Kirsimeti a Gundumar Kandhamal. A shekara ta 2008, an sake samun tashin hankali a kan Kiristoci, musamman a jihar Odisha, bayan kisan Swami Lakshmanananda da 'yan adawa na Indiya suka yi, tashin hankali ya tashi tsakanin al'ummomin biyu a shekara ta 2008. An zargi Kiristoci kuma an kai musu hari a Orissa tare da kashe 38 kuma sama da majami'u 250 sun lalace yayin da dubban Kiristoci suka rasa muhallinsu. An yanke wa MLA Manoj Pradhan hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku na tsawon shekaru shida ta hanyar kotu mai sauri don kisan kai a lokacin tashin hankali na 2008 a Gundumar Kandhamal ta Odisha. Hare-haren da aka kai wa Krista a shekara ta 2008 a Orissa sun bazu kuma sun karu zuwa hare-haren 2008 a kan Kiristoci a kudancin jihar Karnataka. Ayyukan tashin hankali sun haɗa da ƙonewa da lalata majami'u, tilasta juyowa ga Kiristoci zuwa Addinin Hindu ta hanyar barazanar tashin hankali na jiki, rarraba adabi masu barazana, ƙone Littafi Mai-Tsarki, fyade 'yan majami'a, kisan firistocin Kirista, da lalata makarantun Kirista, kwalejoji da makabarta. Shirin ko motsi tare da tushensa a cikin akidar Hindu, wanda aka sani da Ghar wapasi ('koma gida'), wanda yawancin kungiyoyin Hindu suka tallafawa, yana sauƙaƙa juyin juya halin Krista - kuma, musamman, Musulmai - "baya" ga addinin da ake zaton "na asali" ko "na halitta" na Hinduism. Kungiyoyin da ke inganta Ghar wapasi sun hada da Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) , Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP) da Dharm Jagaran Samiti. Tallafin da jami'ai masu tasiri a cikin BJP, jam'iyyar da ke mulki, suka yi ya haifar da zargi irin wannan cewa goyon baya yana barazana ga ra'ayin addini da 'yancin addini da aka tsara a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Indiya. Indiya ita ce lamba 10 a kan Open Doors ' 2022 World Watch List, matsayi na shekara-shekara na kasashe hamsin inda Kiristoci ke fuskantar matsanancin tsanantawa.[1] Koyaya, wani bangare na Kiristoci na Siriya na Kerala suna tallafawa akidar Hindu da kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi kamar Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sanghwato (RSS); wanda ke da hannu a cikin tashin hankali da rushewar Babri Masjid. Duk da yake wasu sun yi jayayya cewa Nuna bambanci na Hindu ya ci gaba tsakanin Kiristoci a Indiya, wasu Indiyawa da Hindu sun musanta ajiyar da aka yi wa Kiristoci na Dalit. [[Fayil:JamalabadFortPassage.jpg|thumb|Hanyar Jamalabad mai ƙarfi. Katolika na Mangalorean sun yi tafiya ta wannan hanyar a kan hanyarsu zuwa Seringapatam.]] Dangantaka tsakanin Musulmai da Kiristoci a Indiya ma ta kasance mai rikici a wasu lokuta. Tare da zuwan mulkin mallaka na Turai a Indiya a cikin ƙarni na 16, 17 da 18, an tsananta wa Kiristoci a wasu masarautun musulmi a Indiya, musamman ayyukan Tippu Sultan, mai mulkin Mysore a kan Katolika na Mangalorean (South Canara). Bautar da Katolika na Mangalorean a Seringapatam, wanda ya fara a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1784 kuma ya ƙare shekaru 15 bayan haka a ranar 4 ga Mayu 1799, ya kasance mafi yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a tarihin wannan al'umma. Tipu ordered the destruction of twenty-seven Catholic churches [yaushe?] all intricately carved with statues depicting various saints. Among them were Nossa Senhora de Rosario Milagres at Mangalore, Jesu Marie Jose at Omzoor, the Chapel at Bolar, the Church of Merces at Ullal, Imaculata Conceiciao at Mulki, Sao Lawrence at Karkal [ana buƙatar hujja] and Immaculata Conceciao at Baidnur. All were razed to the ground, with the exception of the Church of Holy Cross at Hospet, owing to the friendly offices of the Chauta Raja of Moodbidri. Wani abin da ya haifar da tawaye na Indiya na 1857 shine, ga Musulmai masu zaman kansu, juriya ga gabatarwar Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya na sabon Enfield Rifle-Musket - wanda ba shi da kyau a gare su saboda imanin cewa katunan makamin, wanda za a buƙaci su riƙe har ma da buɗe takardun da ke rufewa, an shafa su da kitsen alade, wakilin addini wanda ba a yarda da shi ba ga sojojin musulmai. Sepoys ya fassara jita-jita game da masu jefa kuri'a a matsayin wani makirci da aka yi da gangan da kamfanin ya yi don ya lalata sojojin musulmai don su tuba zuwa Kiristanci. A hade tare da ra'ayin da ya dace cewa an haɗa kitsen saniya don lalata sojojin Hindu, an fahimci wannan a matsayin ƙoƙari na tilasta Dokar Kirista a Hindustan.{{Sfn|Dalrymple|2009}} Masanin tarihi William Dalrymple ya lura da maganganun addini da aka yi amfani da su, sabanin jin daɗin ƙasa. Misali, lokacin da [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar ya sadu da sepoys a ranar 11 ga Mayu 1857, an gaya masa: "Mun haɗa hannu don kare addininmu da bangaskiyarmu. " Daga baya sun tsaya a Chandni Chowk, babban filin, kuma sun tambayi mutanen da suka taru a can, "Yan'uwa, kun kasance tare da waɗanda ke da bangaskiya?" Waɗannan maza da mata na Burtaniya waɗanda suka tuba a baya zuwa Islama kamar masu sauya sheka, Sergeant-Major Gordon, da Abdullah Beg, tsohon soja na Kamfanin, an kare su.{{Sfn|Dalrymple|2009}}{{Sfn|Dalrymple|2009}} Sabanin haka, an kashe Kiristoci na kasashen waje kamar Rev Midgeley John Jennings, da kuma 'yan Indiya da suka tuba zuwa Kiristanci kamar daya daga cikin likitocin Zafar, Chaman Lal, kai tsaye.{{Sfn|Dalrymple|2009}} Dalrymple ya ba da labarin cewa a ƙarshen 6 ga Satumba, lokacin da yake kiran mazaunan Delhi da su taru don adawa da harin Birtaniya mai zuwa, Zafar ya fitar da wata sanarwa da ke nuna cewa wannan yaƙin addini ne da ake gurfanar da shi a madadin "bangaskiya", kuma an ƙarfafa duk Musulmai da Hindu mazaunan birnin daular, ko na ƙauyuka su kasance masu aminci ga bangaskiyarsu da imanin su.{{Sfn|Dalrymple|2009}} Ya lura cewa tushen Urdu na lokacin kafin da bayan tawaye yawanci suna nufin Burtaniya ba a matsayin {{Transl|ur|angrez}} ('Turanci'), {{Transl|ur|goras}} ('fararen') ko {{Transl|ur|firangis}} ('baƙi'), amma a matsayin {{Transl|ar|[[kafir]]}} ('marasa aminci') da {{Transl|ar|nasrani}} ('Kiristoci').{{Sfn|Dalrymple|2009}} Muslims in India who convert to Christianity are considered apostates and subject to harassment, intimidation, and attacks by Muslims. In Jammu and Kashmir, a Christian convert and missionary named Bashir Tantray was killed, allegedly by militant Islamists in 2006. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (January 2024)">unreliable source?</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Jerin al'ummomin Addinin Kirista a Indiya == === Al'ummomin Addini Kirista ===   === Kiristanci ta Jihohi / Yanki ===    == Bayanan da aka ambata == === Bayani === {{Reflist|30em}}  {{Churches in India}}{{Christianity in India by region}}{{Asia in topic|Christianity in}}{{Religion in India topics}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0pw3xadfua9fl821um84fh5vz8tne1v 0 85482 827839 529891 2026-04-29T21:23:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mai Shari'a Ofei Akrofi''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1942) Bishop ne na Anglican na kasar Ghana. Shi ne tsohon Bishop na Anglican na [[Accra]] ([[Ghana]]) kuma tsohon babban bishop (firam) na Cocin Lardin Yammacin Afirka. An zabe shi a wannan mukamin a shekara ta 2003, wanda ya rike mukamin har zuwa shekara ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aco.org/acns/news.cfm?mode=entry&entry=1DFB3C52-0FA8-61C1-6E525594596D9352 |title=Anglican Communion News Service: Bishop Akrofi elected new Archbishop of West Africa |access-date=2024-09-29 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201642/http://www.aco.org/acns/news.cfm?mode=entry&entry=1DFB3C52-0FA8-61C1-6E525594596D9352 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Babban bishop ne ya auri likita Maria Eugenia Akrofi kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyu. == Ilimi == Akrofi ya yi karatu a kasashen Ghana da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a Kwalejin Jihar Connecticut ta Tsakiya (Jami'a), ya kammala digirin farko watau B.Sc. da kuma na biyyu, a 1976 tare da digiri. Daga baya, ya koyar a [[Jami'ar Cape Coast]] da [[Jami'ar Ghana]] kafin ya yi aiki a matsayin Dean na Cathedral na Triniti Mai Tsarki a [[Accra]] kuma daga baya a matsayin Bishop na Accra daga 1996 zuwa 2012. A shekara ta 2000, Akrofi ta sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Jihar Connecticut ta Tsakiya . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin hadi na waje== *[http://www.aco.org/primates/biog/details.cfm?ID=6545 Bio page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185305/http://www.aco.org/primates/biog/details.cfm?ID=6545 |date=2016-03-03 }} from the Anglican Communion {{s-start}} {{s-rel|ac}} {{succession box | before= [[Robert Okine]]| title= Primate of the Church of the Province of West Africa| after= [[Solomon Tilewa Johnson]]| years=2003&ndash;2012}} {{s-end}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] 6464ptppq61vagp5dxcxs89z6zpsmzf 0 86909 827944 538416 2026-04-30T09:41:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Panmure Basin (wanda aka fi sani shi a cikin Māori kamar '''Kaiahiku''' <ref name="MangereMountain">{{Cite web |last=Pegman |first=David M |date=August 2007 |title=The Volcanoes of Auckland |url=http://mangeremountain.com/content/library/The_Volcanoes_of_Auckland.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324071550/http://mangeremountain.com/content/library/The_Volcanoes_of_Auckland.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=6 October 2021 |website=[[Manukau City Council]] |publisher=Mangere Mountain Education Centre}}</ref> ko '''Te Kopua Kai-a-Hiku''' <ref name="Hayward2019">{{Cite web |last=Hayward |first=Bruce William |last2=Jamieson |first2=Alastair |year=2019 |title=Volcanoes of Auckland : a field guide |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/13739888 |access-date=2022-10-30 |publisher=Auckland University Press }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>), wanda wani lokacin ake kira '''Panmure Lagoon''', wani tafki ne mai zurfi a cikin rami mai hasken wuta ko maar a filin dutsen wuta na Auckland na New Zealand. Tana kudu da tsakiyar garin Panmure. == Ilimin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Exit_From_The_Panmure_Lagoon.jpg|left|thumb|Ƙananan hanyar da ke haɗa Panmure Basin zuwa Kogin Tāmaki]] Dutsen ya fashe a kimanin shekaru 25,200 da suka gabata.<ref name="Hopkins 2020">{{Cite journal |last=Hopkins |first=Jenni L. |last2=Smid |first2=Elaine R. |last3=Eccles |first3=Jennifer D. |last4=Hayes |first4=Josh L. |last5=Hayward |first5=Bruce W. |last6=McGee |first6=Lucy E. |last7=van Wijk |first7=Kasper |last8=Wilson |first8=Thomas M. |last9=Cronin |first9=Shane J. |last10=Leonard |first10=Graham S. |last11=Lindsay |first11=Jan M. |last12=Németh |first12=Karoly |last13=Smith |first13=Ian E. M. |date=3 July 2021 |title=Auckland Volcanic Field magmatism, volcanism, and hazard: a review |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |volume=64 |issue=2-3 |pages=213–234 |doi=10.1080/00288306.2020.1736102 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> A lokacin Last Glacial Maximum, tafkin ya kuma kasance tafkin ruwa mai laushi. Lokacin da matakan teku suka tashi, ruwan Kogin Tāmaki ya karya tafkin, ya juya shi zuwa bakin teku.<ref name="FieldGuide2008">{{Cite book|last2=Bruce Hayward}}</ref> Ana samun karamin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a tsakiyar kwandon, wanda aka rufe shi da laka. == Tarihi == Sunan gargajiya na kogin shi ne Te Kai a Hiku . Yana nuni a cikin labarun gargajiya na Tāmaki Māori a matsayin wurin cin abinci na taniwha Moko-ika-hiku-waru . [1] Yankin da ke tsakanin kwandon da Kogin Tāmaki shine wurin Ngāti Pāoa pā Mauināina (wanda aka fi sani da Maunga-ina da Taumata-ina).<ref name="FieldGuide2008"/>. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2008, masana kimiyya sun ba da sanarwar cewa hakowa ya gano wani sharar gida da aka binne a cikin laka da ke cika fashewar fashewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2008 |title=Geologists find buried volcano inside Panmure Basin |url=http://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/News-and-Events/Media-Releases/Buried-volcano-found |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219104531/http://gns.cri.nz/Home/News-and-Events/Media-Releases/Buried-volcano-found |archive-date=2013-02-19 |access-date=1 November 2011 |website=Press release |publisher=GNS Science}}</ref> Kodayake 'yan jarida sun yi la'akari da cewa ƙwanƙolin da aka gano ƙarami ne kuma ya bambanta da dutsen wuta daga Panmure Basin, masu ilimin ƙasa suna la'akari cewa an samar da ƙwanƙwasawar ƙwanƙara a matsayin mataki na biyu na fashewar fashewar Panmure basin fashewa da zoben tuff. An kuma samar da fashewar ta hanyar hulɗar magma tare da ruwan sanyi amma da zarar an yi amfani da ruwa har zuwa fashewar wuta ta sauya zuwa wani lokaci mai bushe na tushen wuta wanda ke samar da ƙanƙara daga wannan iska. Don haka Panmure Basin ba ya bambanta da wasu tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta a cikin filin dutsen wuta na Auckland, kamar su Auckland Domain Volcano, Māngere Lagoon Volcano, [[Waitomokia]], Te Tatua-a-Riukiuta da Crater Hill (kowane tare da ɗaya ko fiye da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin fashewar su), sai dai an binne ƙaramin ƙwayoyin tsakiya na Panmure. == Dubi kuma == * Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran Jagora - Hayward, B.W., Murdoch, G., Maitland, G.; Jami'ar Auckland, 2011. * ''Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin''. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .  == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/photos/search/searchterm/%22panmure%20basin%22 Hotuna na Panmure Basin] da aka gudanar a cikin tarin kayan tarihi na Auckland. * [https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/discover/collections-online/search?pht=True&k=%22panmure+basin%22 Hotuna na Panmure Basin] da aka gudanar a cikin tarin kayan tarihi na Auckland War Memorial. o94wlao82vyqpxd81x24zd8soqdbcmk 0 90371 827724 565544 2026-04-29T12:37:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jerry Alagbaoso''' ɗan siyasan [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne. Ya kasance memba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Orlu/Oru Gabas/Orsu a [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/jerry-alagbaoso |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Alagbaoso Jerry |url=https://politiciansdata.com/content/alagbaoso-jerry/ |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=Politicians Data |language=en |archive-date=2024-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227005132/https://politiciansdata.com/content/alagbaoso-jerry/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Jerry Alagbaoso a ranar 28 ga watan Satumba 1953 a [[Orlu (Nijeriya)|Orlu]], [[Imo|Jihar Imo]]. Ya samu satifiket ɗin makarantar sa ta yammacin Afirka (WAEC) daga Holy Ghost College (Arugo High School) Owerri. Ya yi digirinsa na farko a shekarar 1974 daga [[Jami'ar Ibadan|Jami’ar Ibadan]], Jami’ar Jos, sannan ya yi digiri na biyu a shekarar 1980 daga jami’a guda. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> == Aikin siyasa == An zaɓe shi a shekarar 2011 a matsayin memba mai wakiltar Orlu/Oru Gabas/Orsu Federal Constituency kuma yayi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 2023. A shekarar 2022 ya bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar Sanata a zaɓen shekarar 2023 sannan a shekarar 2023 ya sauya sheka zuwa [[All Progressives Congress|jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress]] (APC) daga [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar]] PDP. A matsayinsa na ɗan majalisar tarayya, ya yi aiki a kwamitoci da dama da suka haɗa da ayyuka na musamman, harkokin yaɗa labarai da hulɗa da jama’a, al’amuran ƙasashen waje, kwastam da haraji, ilimi (Basic & Secondary), Banking & Currency, Commerce, da shugaban kwamitin kula da tituna na tarayya. <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akpan |first=Samuel |date=2023-05-23 |title=‘There’s confusion in the party’ — Imo rep dumps PDP for APC |url=https://www.thecable.ng/theres-confusion-in-the-party-imo-rep-dumps-pdp-for-apc/ |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihin aiki == Daga shekarun 1981 zuwa 2006, ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin gwamnati a Makarantar Grammar Community ta Iroko, Ibadan. A shekarar 2006, an ɗauke shi aiki a [[Hukumar Kwastam ta Najeriya]] a matsayin mai kula da yankin mai kula da tashar jiragen ruwa na Calabar da yankin ciniki maras shinge na Calabar, Akwa Ibom da tashar ruwan tin can Island. <ref name=":1"/> == Kyauta da girmamawa == * Paul Harris Fellow, Rotary International for Motion on Autism <ref name=":1"/> * Fellow, Cibiyar Ilimi ta Najeriya == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] alb43265ahx6h32vtc9gkbj8ul61x30 0 90532 827950 707255 2026-04-30T10:27:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kolawole Lawal Mobolorunduro''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Satumba 1962) ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne wanda ya wakilci mazaɓar tarayya ta [[Yewa ta Kudu|Egbado ta Kudu]]/[[Ipokia]] a [[Ogun|jihar Ogun]] a majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa ta 9 daga shekarun 2019 zuwa 2023. Ɗan jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC) ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=undefined candidate data for 2023 - Stears Elections |url=https://www.stears.co/elections/candidates/hon-kolawole-wasiu-lawal/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.stears.co }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Kolawole Lawal Mobolorunduro Excites Constituents with Projects, Empowerment Gesture – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/04/06/hon-kolawole-lawal-mobolorunduro-excites-constituents-with-projects-empowerment-gesture/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Legislator Details - ConsTrack Track and Report on Governement Funded Projects in Nigeria |url=https://www.constrack.ng/legislator_details?id=271 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=ConsTrack }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] 9aywr151aag4mrg3sw3ummhrf2o87wq 0 91696 827875 725217 2026-04-29T23:54:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kamfanin Kasuwanci na Kasa na Zimbabwe (The Chamber) ''' ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da aka kafa a shekarar 1894. An kafa Kamfanin ne don manufar bunƙasa, ingantawa, da kuma samar da Tasiri ga membobinta da al'ummar kasuwanci na cikin gida.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce |url=https://www.tradezimbabwe.com/priviledged-partners/zimbabwe-national-chamber-commerce-2/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |archive-date=2020-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705104834/http://www.tradezimbabwe.com/priviledged-partners/zimbabwe-national-chamber-commerce-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Macheka elected ZNCC president |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2018/06/macheka-elected-zncc-president/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |archive-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021095156/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2018/06/macheka-elected-zncc-president/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce Archives |url=https://www.zimbabwesituation.com/news/tag/zimbabwe-national-chamber-of-commerce/}}</ref> A matsayin ƙungiyar mai zaman kanta Kamfanin Kasuwanci na Kasa na Zimbabwe na wakiltar ra'ayin membobinta ta hanyar ra'ayi, hadin gwiwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 11, 2019 |title=Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce Says There Should Be Less Government In Business |url=https://www.techzim.co.zw/2019/01/zimbabwe-national-chamber-of-commerce-says-there-should-be-less-government-in-business/}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, kungiyar na ƙoƙarin zama wata hanya ga kamfanoni da hukumomi a ƙasar [[Zimbabwe]] don sadarwa tare da juna. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce |url=https://www.zncc.co.zw/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=www.zncc.co.zw}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin hadi na waje== *[https://zncc.co.zw Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce - Home] *[https://pindula.co.zw/ZNCC About ZNCC, Zimbabwe Chamber of Commerce - Pindula, Local Knowledge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427011225/https://www.pindula.co.zw/ZNCC/ |date=2025-04-27 }} [[Category: Kungiyoyi]] [[Category: Kungiyoyin kasuwanci a Zimbabwe ]] rnj34gwt4ia2umylsql59ggih4wclq5 0 93455 827819 732697 2026-04-29T20:13:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Judy Goldsmith''' (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1938) 'yar asalin Amurka ce, masanin kimiyya, kuma mai fafutuka. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa (NOW) daga 1982 zuwa 1985, wanda shine mafi girman ƙungiyar mata a Amurka; kafin wannan ta kasance farfesa a Turanci.<ref name="nw">{{Cite web |title=Celebrating Our Presidents: Judy Goldsmith,1982-1985 (Profile) |url=http://www.now.org/history/past_presidents.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100121153357/http://www.now.org/history/past_presidents.html |archive-date=2010-01-21 |publisher=NOW website}}</ref> Goldsmith kuma tana aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin girmamawa na Veteran Feminists of America, wanda hedkwatar ta ke [[Phoenix|Phoenix, Arizona]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.vfa.us/History.htm |publisher=[[Veteran Feminists of America]] |access-date=2025-02-22 |archive-date=2018-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921110444/http://www.vfa.us/History.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Yaron yara da ilimi == An haifi Judith Ann Becker a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 1938, a Manitowoc, Wisconsin . [1][2] Mahaifinta bai ciyar da iyalin ba kuma ya bar mahaifiyarta da 'yan uwanta biyar don kula da kansu.[2] Bayan iyayenta sun sake aure, mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a masana'anta na tsawon shekaru ashirin da biyar don tallafawa iyalin, yayin da take da karatun aji na 8.[2] Beckers sun girma matalauta sosai kuma na ɗan lokaci sun zauna a cikin gidan kaji da aka sake canzawa ba tare da ruwa mai gudana ba kuma tsohuwar murhu ta katako.[3] Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare a shekara ta 1957, Becker ya sami tallafin karatu wanda ya ba da kudade don halartar Jami'ar Wisconsin-Stevens Point . [3] Becker da farko ta kasance babbar kiɗa da ke raira waƙa da wasa da piano, duk da haka tana da sha'awar wallafe-wallafen da harshe don haka ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a Turanci.[3] Yayinda take daliba a Jami'ar Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Judy Becker ta sadu kuma ta auri Dick Goldsmith kuma daga baya ta haifi 'yar mai suna Rachel.[2] Judy Goldsmith ta kuma sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Jihar New York a Buffalo . [2] == Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa == === Ayyuka === Lokacin da Judy ta shiga kasuwar aiki a 1950, akwai tallace-tallace da yawa ga maza da ƙananan ga mata, suna sanya mata cikin babbar matsala ga damar aiki. Tallace-tallace, wanda Judy ta bayyana, an tsara su ne ga mata waɗanda suka karanta: "Ana buƙata: kyakkyawa, mace, mai karɓar bakuncin" misali.[1] Goldsmith ta fara aikinta a matsayin farfesa a fannin Ingilishi a jami'ar Wisconsin sannan ta shiga cikin NOW jim kadan bayan haka. Ita da 'yar'uwarta sun shiga cikin NOW tare a shekara ta 1974, bayan wani aboki ya gayyace su don halarta. Bayan 'yan watanni na kasancewa, an zabi Judy a matsayin shugaban Manitowoc County chapter a Wisconsin, wanda ya ci gaba da zama kungiyar NOW ta farko a jihar. Judy ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban babi na jihar kuma daga baya aka zabe ta a matsayin shugaban babi na jihar. Shekaru goma sha biyar bayan haka ta zama shugabar kasa ta NOW kuma ta koma [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]. A shekara ta 1982, yayin da Goldsmith ke shugaban NOW, kungiyar ta yi nasarar kara yawan mata da ke aiki a majalisun jihohi. Goldsmith ya ba da shawarar wani jagora na jam'iyya ga tsohuwar NOW kuma ya karɓi matsayi mai sassaucin ra'ayi a kan batutuwa kamar Reaganomics. A cikin wannan shekarar, NOW ta amince da Frank Lautenberg, namiji dan majalisa na Democrat wanda ke adawa da 'yar majalisa ta Republican ta New Jersey, Millicent Fenwick, saboda goyon bayan Fenwick ga ajanda na tattalin arziki na Reagan duk da matsayinta na kare hakkin mata. Lautenberg ya ci Fenwick da ƙarancin gefe. Goldsmith ya yi imanin cewa nuna bambanci da yawa yana da tushe a cikin tattalin arziki da matsalolin rayuwa. A lokacin da ta yi aiki tare da Coretta Scott-King a kan Maris na 1983 don tunawa da shekaru 20 na tarihin "Maris a Washington" na [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] <ref name="la">{{Cite web |title=Judy Goldsmith Young Woman Leadership Award |url=http://www.fdl.uwc.edu/ce/judy-goldsmith-award-nomination-form.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610063744/http://www.fdl.uwc.edu/ce/judy-goldsmith-award-nomination-form.pdf |archive-date=2010-06-10 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin–Fond du Lac]] website}}</ref> === Smeal da Goldsmith === Eleanor Smeal ita ce magajin Judy Goldsmith a matsayin shugaban NOW da kuma mai ba da shawara.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2021}}Smeal ta goyi bayan Goldsmith a lokacin zaben 1982, wani bangare saboda Smeal ba ta cancanci sake zaben kanta ba. Smeal ya goyi bayan dukkan takardun Goldsmith ba bisa ka'ida ba, burin shi ne ya goyi bayansa kuma da fatan ci gaba da manufofin Smeal. Wani labarin daga 1982 a cikin Washington Post ya yaba da nasarar Goldsmith "a matsayin tabbatar da manufofin da suka gina NOW a cikin babbar muryar kasar kan 'yancin mata, duk da rashin iyawar kungiyar a shekarar da ta gabata (1981) don samun amincewar Kwaskwarimar Daidaitaccen Hakki" a karkashin jagorancin Smeal.<ref name=":3" /> An zabi wasu biyu daga Goldsmith, Alice Chapman da Mary Jean Collins, tare da goyon bayan Smeal ba bisa ka'ida ba.<ref name=":3" /> Koyaya, sauran mukamai a cikin kungiyar ba duk sun cika da takardar da Goldsmith ke jagoranta ba, wanda hakan ya sa ba a san yadda wakilan masu jefa kuri'a suka ji game da jagorancin Smeal na baya ba, yayin da mataimakin shugaban zartarwa ya ci nasara, lauya Barbara Timmer, wanda ya yi alkawarin fadadawa, mafi gwagwarmaya fiye da Smeal, kuma Kathy Webb, wanda shi ma mai zaman kansa ne ya lashe matsayin sakatare.<ref name=":3" /> Yayin da shugabancin Goldsmith ya ci gaba, goyon bayan asali da take da shi daga Smeal ya bayyana ya ɓace, yayin da jita-jita da hasashe suka bayyana cewa Smeal zai sake tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa. Lokacin da Smeal ta sanar da cewa tana takara a zaben 1985, ta ce saboda imanin cewa Goldsmith ya yi matsakaici sosai kuma bai mai da hankali kan batutuwan da ke da muhimmanci a kanta ba.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2021}}Goldsmith sau da yawa ya sadu da 'yan siyasa, kuma ya ji cewa za a iya samun ci gaba ne kawai lokacin da aka zaba mata a cikin matsayi na siyasa. A kan batutuwan zubar da ciki da daidaito, Goldsmith ya ce, "Yana cikin ajanda amma ba shine mafi kyawun lokacin kawo shi ba. Ba mu da sha'awar motsa jiki a banza. Dole ne mu canza yanayin siyasa kuma mu sami karin mata da aka zaba kafin mu sake gwadawa".   [Wannan magana tana buƙatar ambaton] Smeal, duk da haka, ta ce "akwai sha'awar cewa NOW ta zama mafi bayyane, mai ƙarfi da kuma aiki a bainar jama'a a kan batutuwa da yawa, kuma tana son shirin ƙasa don aiki kai tsaye yanzu.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2021}}"Wannan ba zai iya jira wasu shekaru 10 ba", in ji ta. "Ba za mu iya yanke shawarar cewa muna son shi ba sannan mu yi komai".   [Wannan magana tana buƙatar ambaton] Goldsmith ta ce, don kare hanyoyinta, cewa "Loud na iya zama mai kyau, amma ba kawai matakin decibels ba ne ake ji".   [Wannan magana tana buƙatar ambaton] An ga hanyoyin su daban-daban kuma shine abin da ya haifar da gwagwarmaya mai tsanani don shugabancin. Misali, shugabannin biyu sun kusanci ta'addanci na zubar da ciki ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Goldsmith ta aika da sakon waya ga Shugaba Reagan, tana buƙatar bincike, sannan daga baya ta kira Shugaba Reagan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Feminist Chronicles, 1953-1993 - 1984 - Feminist Majority Foundation |url=http://www.feminist.org/research/chronicles/fc1984.html |access-date=2016-03-16 |website=www.feminist.org}}</ref> Smeal, duk da haka, ta jagoranci Maris na farko don Rayuwar Mata a 1986, wanda ya jawo mutane sama da 150,000 zuwa Washington da Los Angeles don tallafawa haƙƙin haihuwa na mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Presidents {{!}} National Organization for Women |url=http://now.org/about/history/presidents/ |access-date=2016-03-16 |website=now.org}}</ref> Goldsmith ya yi imani da cimma burin NOW ta hanyar siyasa yayin da Smeal ya ji tarurruka, zanga-zangar, da zanga-zambe sune hanya mafi kyau, wanda aka kwatanta lokacin da Smeal ta ce "Lokaci ya yi da za a koma kan tituna, ku je makarantun kuma ku nuna cewa mu ne mafi rinjaye" a shekarar 1985. Zaben 1985 ya kasance mai zafi kuma mai tsanani amma Smeal ya ci Goldsmith. Goldsmith ita ce mai mulki da ke neman wa'adin ta na biyu, kuma shugabannin NOW sun yi aiki na shekaru biyu a jere. Membobin kwamitin kasa na 35 na NOW da masu kula da jihohin sun goyi bayan Goldsmith da 2 zuwa 1, kuma ta bayyana tana da ƙarin magoya baya a zaman taron. SunSentinal ta ruwaito shi a cikin labarin 1985 Smeal Wins Battle For Top NOW Post, "abubuwan da suka ba da gudummawa ga nasarar Mrs. Smeal sune bambance-bambance na mutum tsakanin 'yan takarar biyu, samfurin samfurin kuri'a mara kyau, shawarar da wani jami'in NOW ya yanke na karshe don amincewa da Mrs. Smeel, tsarin yin amfani da kuri'a na shari'a, da kuma jawabin kamfen na karshe na Mrs. Goldsmith". Kafin zaben Goldsmith, an yi imanin cewa yana jagorantar, duk da haka Smeal ya ci Goldsmith da kashi 839 zuwa 703.<ref name=":5" /> Maganar kamfen ta karshe ta Goldsmith na iya zama abin da ya kashe kuri'un ta, mutane da yawa sun ce, inda ta "ya kai hari kan abokin hamayyarta a cikin harshe mai tsanani, ta rasa ta wasu kuri'u. Ta zargi Mrs. Smeal da, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, 'duplicity, kisan kai da kuma halin siyasa".<ref name=":5" /> An kuma ruwaito shi a cikin Smeal Wins Battle For Top NOW Post, cewa Goldsmith kamar tana ƙoƙarin juyar da matsayinta a matsayin shugaban kasa wanda ya fi son gina hadin gwiwa ga wanda zai iya jin daɗi da salon adawar ta.<ref name=":5" /> Gabaɗaya zaben 1985 tsakanin Goldsmith da ba kawai wanda ya riga ta ba, amma kuma mai ba da shawara ya zama "ɗaya daga cikin zaɓen shugaban kasa mafi zafi a cikin tarihin shekaru 19 na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa".<ref name=":5" /> == Yin ritaya da gado == Bayan ta zama Shugabar NOW ta yi aiki a mukamai daban-daban na jagoranci, gami da Dean na Jami'ar Wisconsin-Fond du Lac, ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 2002, kodayake ta ci gaba da aiki. A yau, Jami'ar ta ba da kyautar "Judy Goldsmith Young Woman Leadership Award" don girmama ta.<ref name="la"/> Yayinda take amfani da asalin kiɗa, Judy yanzu tana wasa da piano a gidan tsofaffi a Fond du Lac kuma tana rawa a cikin rawa akai-akai. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PU7T-4_5Pjk Judy Goldsmith - Abin da Na Koyi daga Yanzu] * [http://www.now.org/ Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa, Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223132030/http://now.org/ |date=2011-02-23 }} * [https://www.veteranfeministsofamerica.org/vfa-pioneer-histories-project-judy-goldsmith/ Shirin Tarihin Pioneers na VFA: Judy Goldsmith] {{S-start}} {{Succession box|title=[[List of Presidents of the National Organization for Women|President of the National Organization for Women]]}} {{S-end}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 56sjrekd1abiepcrdk9b240meuhz43z 0 96479 827814 645682 2026-04-29T19:48:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joycelyn Tetteh''' (an haife ta 10 Janairu 1988) 'yar majalisa ta tara ce ta Jamhuriyar Ghana ta hudu mai wakiltar Dayi ta Arewa a [[yankin Volta]] akan tikitin jam'iyyar Democratic Congress .. <ref>{{Cite web |title=We need a national policy to end teenage pregnancy – North Dayi MP |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/We-need-a-national-policy-to-end-teenage-pregnancy-North-Dayi-MP-634771 |access-date=2018-10-24 |website=GhanaWeb. |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=George Loh failed; people wanted change – 27-year old female student explains victory – MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2015/November-23rd/george-loh-failed-people-wanted-change-27-year-old-female-student-explains-victory.php |access-date=2018-10-24 |website=MyJoyOnline. |archive-date=2018-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024154102/https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2015/November-23rd/george-loh-failed-people-wanted-change-27-year-old-female-student-explains-victory.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kasance daya daga cikin ' [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-the-36-female-MPs-in-Ghana-s-Parliament-729099# yan majalisar mata 36] na majalisar dokoki ta bakwai a jamhuriya ta hudu ta [[Ghana]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=MPs under 30: Meet the youngest MPs in Ghana |url=http://www.newsstandgh.com/mps-30-meet-youngest-mps-ghana/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724030209/http://www.newsstandgh.com/mps-30-meet-youngest-mps-ghana/ |archive-date=24 July 2019 |access-date=2018-10-24 |website=News Stand Ghana |language=en-GB}}</ref> A halin yanzu kuma Tettehh ita ce jakadan fataucin mutane a Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily Graphic |date=5 October 2018 |title=Human Trafficking Ambassador an honour — Joycelyn Tetteh |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/human-trafficking-ambassador-an-honour-joycelyn-tetteh.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Tetteh a Tsyome-Sabadu, [[yankin Volta]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=ICT Dept. Office of Parliament |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=189 |access-date=2018-10-24 |website=parliament of ghana |archive-date=2023-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927010521/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=189 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta karanta Law and BEd in Management Studies a [[Jami'ar Cape Coast|University of Cape Coast]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs – MP Details – Tetteh, Joycelyn |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5394 |access-date=2018-10-24 |website=GhanaMps.}}</ref> == Siyasa == A shekarar 2016, ta tsaya takara kuma ta lashe kujerar majalisar wakilai ta NDC a mazabar Dayi ta Arewa a [[yankin Volta]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=90 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=parliament of ghana |archive-date=2023-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214022812/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=90 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === zaben 2016 === Tetteh ya fara tsayawa takarar majalisar wakilai ta mazabar ranar Arewa a kan tikitin jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress a lokacin babban zaben Ghana na 2016 kuma ya lashe zaben da kuri'u 12,948, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 78.53% na kuri'un da aka kada. An zabe ta a kan Wogbe Kpikpitse na IND, Samuel Kwesi Anomah na New Patriotic Party, Christopher Wise Siale na Jam'iyyar Convention People's Party da Christopher NA Dotse na NDP. Sun samu kuri'u 2,946, kuri'u 457, kuri'u 66 da kuri'u 57, daidai da kashi 17.89%, 2.83%, 0.40% da 0.35% na jimillar kuri'u.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=North Dayi Constituency Results - Election 2016 |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/volta/north_dayi/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2024-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301200042/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/volta/north_dayi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== zaben 2020 ==== An sake zaben Tetteh a matsayin dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Dayi ta Arewa a yankin Volta a kan tikitin jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress yayin babban zaben Ghana na 2020 . An zabe ta ne da kuri'u 14,424 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 76.11% na jimillar kuri'un. Ta lashe zaben ne akan Kudjoh Edmund Attah na sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party wanda ya samu kuri'u 4,455 wanda yayi daidai da kashi 23.51% sannan dan takarar majalisar wakilai na jam'iyyar LPG Atteh Kingsely ya samu kuri'u 72, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 0.38% na jimillar kuri'u. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=North Dayi Constituency Results - Election 2020 |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/volta/north_dayi/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005061303/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/volta/north_dayi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=North Dayi – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report |url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/volta-region/north-dayi/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204122827/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/volta-region/north-dayi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary Results for North Dayi |url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&ID=249 |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=Mobile GhanaWeb.}}</ref> == Girmamawa == Sarakuna da al’ummar mazabar Dayi ta Arewa ne suka karrama ta a watan Agustan 2019, inda suka ba ta lambar: Mama Edzeame. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quaye |first=Emmanuel |date=10 August 2019 |title=North Dayi MP honoured by constituents |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/north-dayi-mp-honoured-by-constituents.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=Graphic Ghana}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ba ta da aure kuma Kirista. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=90 |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=www.parliament.gh |archive-date=2023-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214022812/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=90 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Magana == [[Rukuni:Mata ƴan majalisar dokokin Ghana]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] r0tkvob5crjf6leumu4iw69bbzt9mdb 0 96969 827861 713652 2026-04-29T21:31:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jutta Allmendinger''' (an haife ta ranar 26 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1956) masanin ilimin zamantakewa ne na [[Jamus]] wanda ke aiki a matsayin farfesa a fannin ilimin zamantakewa da bincike a kasuwar aiki a Jami'ar Humboldt tun 2007. Ta kasance shugabar Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Jama'a ta WZB Berlin daga 2007 zuwa 2024. Har ila yau, ita ce babbar aboki a Cibiyar Nazarin Turai a [[Jami'ar Harvard]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jutta Allmendinger |url=https://www.wzb.eu/en/persons/jutta-allmendinger |access-date=December 20, 2016 |publisher=wzb.eu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=University |first=Harvard |date=2018-08-17 |title=Jutta Allmendinger {{!}} Center for European Studies at Harvard University |url=https://ces.fas.harvard.edu/people/001690-jutta-allmendinger |access-date=2018-08-17 |website=Center for European Studies at Harvard University |language=en-us}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Allmendinger ta yi karatun [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] da ilimin halayyar jama'a a Jami'ar Mannheim da ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da kididdiga a Jami'an Wisconsin-Madison. A shekara ta 1989, ta sami Ph.D. a cikin nazarin zamantakewa a [[Jami'ar Harvard]]. == Ayyuka == Allmendinger ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Max Planck don Ci gaban Dan Adam a [[Berlin]] daga 1988 da 1991, sannan ya yi aiki da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard (1991/92). Daga 1992 zuwa 2007, ta kasance cikakken farfesa a fannin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Ludwig Maximilian ta Munich (a hutu daga 2003 zuwa 2007). Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin darakta na Cibiyar Binciken Aiki (IAB) a Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka ta Tarayya a [[Nuremberg]] daga 2003 har zuwa 2007. Tsakanin 1999 da 2002 ta kasance shugabar kungiyar zamantakewar Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DGS - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie: Die Geschichte der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie |url=https://www.soziologie.de/de/dgs-geschichte/#c2855 |access-date=2018-08-17 |website=www.soziologie.de |language=DE }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2007 Allmendinger ta zama shugaban Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Jama'a ta WZB Berlin kuma an nada shi farfesa a fannin ilimin zamantakewa da bincike kan kasuwar aiki a Jami'ar Humboldt ta Berlin. Tun daga shekara ta 2012 ta kasance farfesa mai daraja a fannin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Berlin. == Bincike == Binciken Allmendinger yana mai da hankali kan rashin daidaito na zamantakewa, ilimi, da kasuwannin aiki. == Matsayi a siyasa == Allmendinger memba ce ta Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin ba da shawara na Kwamishinan Gwamnatin Tarayyar Jamus don Shige da Fice, 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Haɗin Kai, Maria Böhmer . Lokacin da Shugaban Tarayya Joachim Gauck ya sanar a watan Yunin shekarar 2016 cewa ba zai kasance don sake zaben ba, nan da nan kafofin watsa labarai na Jamus sun ambaci Allmendinger a matsayin mai yiwuwa magaji. Kwanan nan, an nada Allmendinger a matsayin shugabar Zukunftsrat ta Jihar Hesse (wanda Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel ya kaddamar) da kuma abin da ake kira "kwamitin kwal", wanda aka ba shi aikin samar da babban shiri kan yadda za a kashe kwal a matsayin tushen makamashi da kuma ƙirƙirar sabon hangen nesa na tattalin arziki ga yankunan hakar kwal na kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((Germany Süddeutsche de GmbH, Munich)) |title=Zukunftsrat soll Ideenschmiede für SPD werden |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/news/politik/parteien---wiesbaden-zukunftsrat-soll-ideenschmiede-fuer-spd-werden-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-180201-99-895579 |access-date=2018-08-17 |website=Süddeutsche.de |language=de}}</ref> A matakin kasa da kasa, Allmendinger ta kasance memba na Babban Kungiyar Masana Tattalin Arziki "Innovation for Growth" (I4G) na Hukumar Tarayyar Turai (2012-2014), wanda Kwamishinan Turai na Bincike, Kimiyya da Innovation Máire Geoghegan-Quinn ya nada. Lokacin da Ƙasar Ingila ta ɗauki shugabancin G7 a cikin 2021, Ministan Mata da Daidaitawa na Ƙasar Ingila Liz Truss ne ya nada ta zuwa sabuwar Majalisar Ba da Shawara kan Daidaitaccen Jima'i (GEAC) wacce Sarah Sands ke jagoranta. == Sauran ayyukan == Allmendinger tana aiki a cikin kwamitocin ba da shawara da yawa a Jamus da ƙasashen waje. Tsakanin shekara ta 2006 zuwa 2012 ta kasance memba na Hukumar Kimiyya ta Majalisar Kimiyya da Humanities ta Jamus (Wissenschaftsrat), tsakanin shekara ta 2007 zuwa 2011 na Hukumar Masana don Bincike da Innovation da gwamnatin Jamus ta kafa. Tun daga shekara ta 2016 ta kasance memba na kwamitin sa ido na Berlin City Cleaning (BSR), kuma tun daga shekara ta 2017 ta kasance co-edita na jaridar mako-mako ''Die Zeit'' . Allmendinger memba ce na Kwalejin Kimiyya da Humanities ta Berlin-Brandenburg, Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kimiyya da Dan Adam ta Bavaria, Kwalecin Kimiyya ta Leopoldina, Kwaleji ta Kimiyya da Injiniya ta Kasa (acatech), da Kwalejin Pontifical ta Kimiyya ta Jama'a. Sauran membobin kwamitin sun haɗa da: * Jami'ar Mannheim, memba na Kwamitin Kulawa (tun daga shekara ta 2019) * Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki ta Cologne (IW), memba na Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Bincike * Urania, memba na Kwamitin Amintattun * Gidan Tarihin Fasaha na Jamus, memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (2009-2020) * Jami'ar Jacobs Bremen, memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (2007-2018) * Jami'ar Fasaha ta Darmstadt, memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (2005-2009) == Sanarwa == Allmendinger ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa: DAAD-Scholarship don karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Wisconsin, Madison, Amurka (1983/84), Krupp Fellowship (1986), Harvard Dissertation Merit Fellowsship (1987/88), Kyautar "Münchener Universitätsgesellschaft" don nasarori masu ban mamaki a koyarwa (1996), Fellowships a Cibiyar Nazarin Cibiyar Nazari ta Halin Berlin, Stanford, CA, Amurka (1996-1997), Kyautar Harkokin Kasuwanci na Jami'ar Berlin, Harkokin Kasashen Harkokin Kasancewa na Jami'a, Harkokin Harkokin Kasar Berlin, Darede-Sharharharhar, Harkokin Jama'ar Harkokin Kasharhar, Darede (2013), Kyautar Harshen Harkokin Kashe (2013), Kyauta (2013), Kyautbarbarbarbar, Harkokin Jami'ar Harshen Harshen Harasa (2013), Kyawar Harkokin Kasuwar Harkokin Kasuwa (2013), Kyaftin (2013), Kyawun Harkokin Kasarar Jami'ar Tarbarbarbar (2013), Jami'ar Sarkin Harkokin Kaskar Karamar Jami'ar Daraktan Harkokin Kasamar An ba Allmendinger lambar yabo ta Thomas Mann Fellowship 2018 na Villa Aurora da Thomas Mann House . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thomas Mann Fellows 2018 nominated - VATMH (en) |url=https://www.vatmh.org/en/newsreader-en/news-thomas-mann-fellows-2018-nominated.html |access-date=2018-08-17 |website=www.vatmh.org |language=en |archive-date=2018-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728035633/https://www.vatmh.org/en/newsreader-en/news-thomas-mann-fellows-2018-nominated.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 921u4k052lgbni4bcunkqitmt6pnrp0 0 99041 827873 687282 2026-04-29T23:11:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kal-El Naga''', [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] ne na Masar, darektan kuma furodusa. An san shi da farko saboda aikinsa a [[Misra|Misira]] da [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], amma ya kara shiga cikin fina-finai da [[talabijin]] na Amurka da Burtaniya tun shekara ta 2006. Ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma ba da umarni (Turanci da Larabci) wasan kwaikwayo da kiɗa a [[Misra|Misira]] yayin da yake karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alkahira . Da ya fara aikinsa na sana'a a shekara ta 2000, Naga ya fito a fina-finai da yawa a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa tare da rawar da ta kunshi nau'o'i da yawa, daga waƙoƙin kiɗa Babu sai wannan! (2007), aikin ''Agamista'' (2007), ''[[''Eyes Of A Thief''|"Ido na ɓarawo"]]'' (2014), abubuwan ban tsoro ''Kashf Hesab'' (2007), gidan zane-zane ''[[Heliopolis (fim, 2009)|Heliopolis]]'' (2009), ''Villa 69'' (2013), Decor (2014), da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na slapstick Habibi Naêman (Sleeping Habibi) (2008). Bugu da ƙari, ya shiga cikin bukukuwan fina-finai da yawa na Turai, inda ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa a matsayin [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] da furodusa. Tun daga shekara ta 2016, ya yi aiki a wurare da yawa na Turanci, kamar Tyrant a FX, Tarihin Tarihi na ''Vikings'', da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen TV na BBC The Last Post, kuma ya sanar da bayyana a cikin Netflix Show Messiah 2019. A cikin wani bikin fina-finai a cikin 2016 wanda ya yi bikin gabatar da fina-fallafin Larabawa ga ''Oscars'', an lura da shi a matsayin mai gabatar da fina'a mafi yawa a cikin fina-falan Larabci ga Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen Ƙasashen waje (The Oscars). Sau da yawa ana lakafta shi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na yamma a matsayin "[[Brad Pitt]] na Masar", kuma an kuma bayyana shi a matsayin "Omar Sharif na gaba" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nima Elbagir |date=January 11, 2012 |title=Khaled Abol Naga: 'Egypt's Brad Pitt' calls for people power in Africa - CNN.com |url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/11/world/khaled-abol-naga-egypt/index.html |access-date=2017-01-11 |website=CNN}}</ref> musamman bayan fim dinsa na farko na Amurka Civic Duty a 2007. An zaba shi a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na [[UNICEF]] a shekara ta 2007, Naga ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da haƙƙin yara, da kuma kamfen na farko na wayar da kan kan jama'ar HIV a [[Misra|Misira]] da duniyar Larabawa, kuma ya shiga cikin dalilai da yawa na duniya, gami da bayar da shawara ga dimokuradiyya a ƙasarsa ta Masar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AUC Today |url=http://www1.aucegypt.edu/publications/auctoday/AUCTodaySpring11/09_Acting_in_the_Interests_of_Justice.htm |access-date=2017-01-20 |website=www1.aucegypt.edu}}</ref> Yana daya daga cikin shahararrun fuskokin Juyin Juya Halin Masar na 2011, yana shiga cikin zanga-zangar jama'a a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] wanda ya haifar da cire Shugaba [[Hosni Mubarak|Mubarak]]. Ya fuskanci kamfen din cin mutunci a kansa ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai na gwamnati a lokacin [[Hosni Mubarak|Mubarak]] kafin juyin juya halin 25 ga Janairu, 2011 a [[Misra|Misira]], kuma sau da yawa daga gwamnatin Janar Sisi ta 2013 a Misira a matsayin fansa don kare hakkin dan adam, musamman yanayin matasa na Masar. Ya kuma yi nasara a duk hanyoyin sadarwar talabijin na Larabawa da yawa a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin shirye-shiryen lokaci-lokaci daga 1997 har zuwa 2005. == Shekaru na farko == An haifi Naga a Heliopolis, wani yanki na [[Kairo|Alkahira]], [[Misra|Misira]]. Mahaifinsa, marigayi babban hafsan sojojin Masar Janar Mohamed-Sami Aboul-NAga (Arabic), ya fito ne daga dangin gargajiya na manyan masu mallakar ƙasa a ad-Daqahliyah, Aga, [[Misra|Misira]] wanda aka fi kwace shi a lokacin juyin juya halin Nasser na 1952 da sake fasalin ƙasarsa a Misira. Mahaifiyarsa ta bayyana a shekarar 2013 cewa shi zuriyar annabin Musulunci ne ta hanyar [[Fatima|Fatima Az-Zahraa]] da Imam [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|Husayn ibn Ali]] ɗan Ali ibn Abi Talib . Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan masanin gine-ginen Masar na Amurka Tarek Naga, da kuma masanin gine'a [[Seif Abol Naga]], wanda ya bayyana a cikin fim din Empire M. A lokacin yarinta, Khaled Abol Naga ya shafe lokaci mai yawa tare da babban ɗan'uwansa Tarek, wanda ke zaune a Amurka, wanda ya ce ya zama babban tasiri ga halinsa yana girma. Khaled yana da sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami kuma ya bayyana a fim (Madness of Love) tare da Naglaa Fathi . Ya halarci makarantar Kwalejin St. George don karatun firamare, ya kammala karatu a matsayin injiniyan sadarwa na lantarki daga sanannen [[Jami'ar Ain Shams|Kwalejin Injiniya]] ta [[Jami'ar Ain Shams]] (ASUFE) da [[Jami'ar Amurka a Alkahira]]. Ya yi karatun Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta tare da ƙarami a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo. Ya buga wasan polo na ruwa ga tawagarsa yayin da yake zaune a [[Turai]] (1986-9), ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin samfurin kayan ado (1993-6), kuma ya kasance mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen tattaunawa da dare da mai gabatar da rediyo a ƙarshen shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |title=خالد أبو النجا: ليس في الفن وصفات سحرية |url=http://www.al-jazirah.com.sa/magazine/09012007/ar41.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719135323/http://www.al-jazirah.com.sa/magazine/09012007/ar41.htm |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=2011-01-22}}</ref> [[Fayil:Khaled Abol Naga gives remarks during event.jpg|thumb|Kal Naga yana jawabi a wani taro]] Ya shiga sashen wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Amurka da ke Alkahira, inda ya sami damar gano kwarewarsa ta wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo na jami'ar. A shekara ta 1997 ya tafi [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] don ƙarin nazarin mai zaman kansa game da sha'awarsa, yin fim.<ref>{{Cite web |title=خالد أبو النجا, صور خالد أبو النجا, خالد أبو النجا, كلمات أغاني خالد أبو النجا |url=http://www.wikeez.com/people/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7 |access-date=2011-01-22 |archive-date=2012-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506025327/http://www.wikeez.com/people/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A can ya yi karatun fim, fim da kuma jagorantar. Ya ambaci malaminsa na wasan kwaikwayo Dr Mahmoud Al Lozy a matsayin mai ba da shawara wanda ya fi rinjaye shi.<ref name="gulfnews.com">{{Cite web |title=gulfnews : Khaled Abol Naga: I have great expectations |url=http://gulfnews.com/in-focus/adff/khaled-abol-naga-i-have-great-expectations-1.698757 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121220324/http://gulfnews.com/in-focus/adff/khaled-abol-naga-i-have-great-expectations-1.698757 |archive-date=January 21, 2011 |access-date=2011-01-22}}</ref> == Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo == Mataki na farko na aikin wasan kwaikwayo na Naga (1989-2002) ya kasance a kan mataki (a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo), kodayake ya fara karbar bakuncin shirye-shiryen talabijin a cikin 1998, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Khaled Abol Naga « Microphone – ميك |url=http://microphone-film.net/about-khaled-abol-naga/ |access-date=2011-01-23 |archive-date=2011-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110223747/http://microphone-film.net/about-khaled-abol-naga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga shahararsa a matsayin mai watsa labarai a [[Misra|Misira]] da jihohin da ke magana da Larabci. Ayyukansa na talabijin da fim sun haɗa da nau'o'i daban-daban. Bayan hada-hadar da kuma yin wasan kwaikwayo a fim mai zaman kansa na 2009 ''Heliopolis'' ta hanyar darektan [[Ahmad Abdalla]], ya fito a fim na biyu Microphone wanda shi ma ya hada-hadare tare da [[Muhammed Hafizy|Mohamed Hefzy]] a 2010. Daga 2010 zuwa gaba Abol Naga galibi ya taka rawar gani da yawa, ya ci gaba da lashe kyaututtuka da yawa a matsayin [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] kuma a matsayin furodusa daga manyan bukukuwan fina-finai na yanki da na duniya. An nada shi a matsayin memba na juri kuma wani lokacin shugaban juri na bukukuwan fina-finai na yanki da na duniya. An dauke shi daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a duniya a yau daga yankin Larabawa. === Fim din === Naga ta fara aiki ne a shekara ta 1977 lokacin da yake yaro tare da wani ɓangare a fim din Masar Madness of Love (Arabic) (aka: Genoun El Hob) (aka - La Folie De L'amore). Tun daga wannan lokacin ya bayyana a fina-finai da yawa ciki har da abubuwan ban tsoro na tunanin mutum, soyayya da wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa. A shekara ta 2001 aikin fim dinsa ya sami karfin gwiwa lokacin da darektan Daoud Abdel Sayed ya zaba shi don jagora a cikin A Citizen, An Informant And A Thief (Mowaten we Mokhber we Haramy) (Arabic). A shekara ta 2002 ya nuna baiwarsa don raira waƙa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Wust El-Balad ("Downtown"). Daga nan aka ba shi wani ɓangare a cikin "Sleepless Nights" (aka: "Sahar El Layali") wanda ya zama ofishin jakadancin a cikin 2003-2004. Daga baya a wannan shekarar an ba Abol Naga kyautar Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Damascus da kuma Kyautar Mafi kyawun Acteur daga Paris Arab Cinema Biennale na Cibiyar Fim ta Monde Arabe IMA . Bayan "Sleepless Nights" aka: Sahar El Layali, Abol Naga ya yi aiki a cikin fina-finai da yawa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. A shekara ta 2004 ya taka rawar jami'in sojan ruwa Lt Hasan Hosny a Yom El Karama (Ranar Daraja), sannan ya biyo bayan halinsa Kimo a cikin wani shahararren wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Hob El Banat (Ƙaunar Yarinya). A shekara ta 2005-2006 ya fito a wasu fina-finai da yawa: Italia's War, Malek wa Ketaba (Heads and Tails), da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Banat West El Balad (Downtown Girls). A shekara ta 2006 ya bayyana a matsayin jagora a cikin Leabet el hob (The Game of Love) - wanda ya sami mafi kyawun Actor a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Alexandra . Ya kuma bayyana a cikin gajeren fim mai zaman kansa na [[Tamer El-Bustani]]: ''Qutat Baladi'' (Stray Cats). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Al-Ahram Weekly / Culture / Exploring European and "independent" Egyptian film |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2006/779/cu11.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401140027/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2006/779/cu11.htm |archive-date=April 1, 2011 |access-date=2011-03-01}}</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar an gabatar da shi ga masu sauraron Turanci a matsayin Gabe Hassan a cikin samar da Civic Duty na Amurka / Kanada, An fara shi a [http://tribecafilm.com%7CThe Bikin Fim na Tribecca]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} a New York, kuma an zabi shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Alkahira 2007, aikinsa ya haifar da kulawa sosai ga baiwarsa kuma tun daga wannan lokacin kafofin watsa labarai sun bayyana shi sau da yawa a matsayin Omar Sharif na gaba. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo !Shekara !Taken !Fitarwa !Matsayi !Daraktan |- |1989 |''Oliver!'' Musical na Lionel Bart |AUC, [[Misra|Misira]] |Bill Sikes |[[Larry P. Caitlin]] da [[Walter Eysselinck]] |- |1990 |''Mahfouz-yat'' Naguib Mahfouz |AUC, [[Misra|Misira]] |Haruffa da yawa |[[Tarek Ghaleb]] |- |1990 |'''Gaskiya, Hauka, Da zurfi''' (Arabic: .بجد, بجنون, بعمق) Daidaitawa ta Khaled Abol Naga bisa ga fim din Anthony Minghella da wannan taken |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hanager, Gidan wasan opera na Alkahira, Masar Bikin Gidan Wasanni na Kasuwanci, (Arabic) (WON Kyautar Kyakkyawan Kwararrun Kwararrun na bikin) AL QAFELA (The Caravan) |Ya yi, ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarnin wasan |Khaled Abol Naga |- |1991 |''Waƙar Mutuwa'' (Arabic) Naguib Mahfouz |AUC, [[Misra|Misira]] |Elwan |[[Ihab Shawi]] |- |1994 1995 |''Biyu a karkashin kasa'' (Larabci: اتنين الارض) M Salmawy |1994 AUC, [[Misra|Misira]] 1995 Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Sheraton, [[Kairo|Alkahira]], Masar[[Misra|Misira]] |Dokta Labeeb da kuma Sheikh (Maazoun) |[[Ahmed Zaki (director)|Ahmed Zaki]] |- |1996 |''Mai soyayya'' (Arabic) [[Tawfiq al-Hakim]] |AUC, [[Misra|Misira]] |Naguib |[http://www.aucegypt.edu/fac/mahmoudel-lozy Mahmoud El Lozy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016134212/https://www.aucegypt.edu/fac/mahmoudel-lozy |date=2019-10-16 }} An adana shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 2019, a |- |2002 |''Wust Al Balad'' (na kiɗa) |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Salam, [[Kairo|Alkahira]], [[Misra|Misira]] |Ramadan da kuma Romeo |[[Naser Abdel Menem]] |- |2013 |''White Rabbit Red Rabbit''<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-16 |title=White rabbits and their inevitable redness |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/04/16/white-rabbits-and-their-inevitable-redness/ |access-date=2017-01-13 |website=Daily News Egypt}}</ref>Nassim Soleiman ne ya rubuta |Bikin D-CAF, [https://www.facebook.com/aucfalakitheater/ Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Falaki], Alkahira, Misira <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home – D-CAF |url=http://d-caf.org/ |access-date=2017-01-13 |website=D-CAF |language=en-US |archive-date=2017-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104213704/http://d-caf.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>13 ga Afrilu 2013 |Mai ba da labari (Shahurin gwaji na mutum daya a duniya) |Marubucin Iran Nassim SoleimanpourNassim Soleiman |- |2013 |''"An soke shi"'' Ka yi wasa da karatun mataki (a cikin Larabci) |[https://www.facebook.com/aucfalakitheater/ Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Falaki], AUC, Masar Satumba 2013 |Hassan (Darakta) |Rubuta & Gudanar da Dokta [http://www.aucegypt.edu/fac/mahmoudel-lozy Mahmoud El Lozy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016134212/https://www.aucegypt.edu/fac/mahmoudel-lozy |date=2019-10-16 }} An rubuta shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 2019, a |- |2015 |''Oliver! a cikin Larabci'' Musical na Lionel Bart, Arabisation & Lyrics by [http://www.arabworldbooks.com/authors/zeinab-mobarak.htm Zeinab Mobarak] |Cibiyar Al'adu ta Royal ta Amman, Jordan (lasisi na musamman daga Cameron Mackintosh) <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=An Arabic adaptation of ''Oliver!'' provides drama therapy for Syrian refugee children |url=http://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2015-10-08/an-arabic-adaptation-of-oliver-provides-drama-therapy-for-syrian-refugee-children/5162 |access-date=2017-01-13 |website=www.theworldweekly.com}}</ref> Wasan kwaikwayo na mafaka |Mahalicci, Babban Mai gabatarwa & Darakta |Khaled Abol Naga Daraktan Kiɗa: Nayer Nagui |- |2018 |Nishawa A Alkahira Jagora Wasanni na mataki karatu (Turanci) |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Brava, San Francisco. Sabbin Threads, shirye-shiryen GoldenThread. |Darakta, ci gaban rubutun ga marubucin. |marubuci: Adam Ashraf Elsayigh Kal Naga ne ya jagoranta Yuni 5, 2018 |- |2020 mai zuwa |''NOURA'' Play a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Guthrie Mnpls MN |[https://www.guthrietheater.org/shows-and-tickets/2019-2020-season/noura/ NOURA @ GUTHRIE THEATER] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416223123/https://www.guthrietheater.org/shows-and-tickets/2019-2020-season/noura/ |date=2025-04-16 }} |Rafa'a |Marubuci: Heather Raffo, Darakta: Taibi Magar, |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! === Kyaututtuka a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo === !Domin |- |2016 |Kyautar Kyautar Larabawa ta Musamman, Hassi-Messaoud 1st Cinematic taron 2016, [[Aljeriya]] | (don kasancewa dan wasan Larabawa mafi yawan gabatar a fina-finai na Larabci zuwa Academy Awards® (Award for Foreign Film) |- | rowspan="5" |2014 |Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor, The Silver Pyramid CIFF Fim Festival na Kasa da Kasa na Alkahira <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cairo International Film Festival {{!}} Archive |url=http://ciff.org.eg/en/info/archive#36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184504/http://ciff.org.eg/en/info/archive#36 |archive-date=January 9, 2017 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=ciff.org.eg}}</ref> |Idanu na ɓarawo (fim na Palasdinawa) (Mai wasan kwaikwayo) |- |Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor, Bikin Fim na Afirka Khouribga, Morocco <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=FCAK 2014 {{!}} Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga |url=http://festivalkhouribga.org/fr/archives/fcak-2014/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184526/http://festivalkhouribga.org/fr/archives/fcak-2014/ |archive-date=January 9, 2017 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=festivalkhouribga.org}}</ref> |Villa69 (Babban Actor & Executive-Producer) |- |Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na namiji, (Lambar HORUS), Bikin Fim na Kasa na 18 na Fim na Masar 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |title=المهرجان القومي للسينما المصريه |url=http://www.nff.org.eg/cinema2014/?q=node/666 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Villa69 (Babban Actor & Executive-Producer) |- |Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor, Bikin Fim na Shekara-shekara na 40 na Fim na Masar |Villa69 (Babban Actor & Executive-Producer) |- |Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor, 62nd Edition na Cibiyar Fim ta Katolika ta Masar don Fim ta Masar 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Clinic Website |url=http://www.film-clinic.com/01042014.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184158/http://www.film-clinic.com/01042014.php |archive-date=January 9, 2017 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=www.film-clinic.com}}</ref> |Villa69 (Babban Actor & Executive-Producer) |- |2012 |Kyautar Nasarar Musamman, [[Alexandria International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Alexandria]] don Al'umman Bahar Rum 2012, Kyautar 'Yancin Dan Adam don Mafi kyawun Actor wanda ya nuna haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata a tarihin fim na Masar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandria International Film Festival |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000769/ |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |Kyautar 'Yancin Dan Adam (Mafi kyawun Actor a fina-finai da suka nuna haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata a cikin fina-fameera na Masar) |- |2011 |Kyautar Kyautar Kyauta, Bikin Fim na Larabawa na MÅLMÖ, Sweden <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=July 20, 2016 |title=ARCHIVE 2011 {{!}} Malmo Arab Film Festival |url=http://maffswe.com/archive-2011/ |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=maffswe.com}}</ref> |Ya girmama tauraron Khaled Abol Naga saboda kyakkyawan aikinsa a lokacin da yake dan wasan kwaikwayo <ref name=":0" /> |- |2009 |Mafi kyawun Actor, ART NETWORK TV Awards |LEILA's MAD MAN aka: Magnoon Laila (mini series TV) |- |2006 |Mafi kyawun Actor, Bikin Fim na Duniya na 22 na Alexandria 2006 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandria International Film Festival (2006) |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000769/2006 |access-date=2011-01-26 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandria International Film Festival (2006) |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000769/2006 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |Wasan Ƙauna (aka: Leabet el Hob) |- |2005 |Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor, Horeyaty Annual Awards |Harb Atalia (Maza tare) |- | rowspan="4" |2004 |Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor, 53rd Edition na Cibiyar Fim ta Katolika ta Masar don Fim ta Masar 2004 |El Banat (karamin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin) (Male Lead) |- |Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor, Biennale na Cinema na Larabawa, Cibiyar Du Monde Arabe (IMA) 2004 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paris Biennal of Arab Cinema |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001027/ |access-date=2011-01-26 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |Sleepless Nights aka: "Sahar el Layaly" (Maganar Actor) ya raba tare da ƙungiyar |- |Mafi kyawun Actor, Kyautar Oscars ta Fim ta Masar 2014, Film Art Society |Sleepless Nights (Lead Actor), an raba shi tare da ƙungiyar. |- |Mafi kyawun Actor, ART NETWORK Cinema Awards |'Sleepless Nights Sahar el Layaly aka: "Sahar el Layaly" (Maganar Actor) ya raba tare da ƙungiyar 'yan wasa' |- | rowspan="2" |2003 |Mafi kyawun Actor, 13th Damascus International Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Damascus Film Festival (2003) |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001038/2003 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |'Sleepless Nights Sahar el Layaly aka: "Sahar el Layaly" (Maganar Actor) ya raba tare da ƙungiyar 'yan wasa' |- |Bayyanawa ta Musamman, Gasar Larabci don Fim na Tsawon Lokaci, 27th Alkahira International Film Festival CIFF 2003 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cairo International Film Festival (2003) |url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000141/2003 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |Ƙaunar Yarinya (aka: Hob El Banat) (2003) (Mai Actor) |- | | === Kyaututtuka a matsayin mai gabatarwa === |Domin |- |2014 |*Yawancin Kyautar Fim ta Masar ta gida, |Villa69 (Babban Actor & Executive-Producer) |- |2013 |Kyautar Juri ta Musamman, Gasar New Horizons, Bikin Fim na Abu Dhabi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Awards |url=http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/archive/2013/awards |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222225747/http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/archive/2013/awards |archive-date=February 22, 2018 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=Abu Dhabi Film Festival}}</ref> |Villa69 (Babban Actor & Executive-Producer) |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |Kyautar Golden Tulip, Fim mafi kyau na gasar kasa da kasa, Bikin Fim na 30 na Istanbul, Turkiyya |MICROPHONE (Babban Actor & Co-Producer) |- |Magana ta Musamman, Bikin Fim na Granada Cines del Sur, Spain <ref name="Abdalla" /> |MICROPHONE (Babban Actor & Co-Producer) ' |- | rowspan="3" |2010 |Kyautar Fim mafi kyau: Bikin Fim na Afirka na Tarifa, Seville, Spain <ref name="Abdalla" /> |MICROPHONE (Babban Actor & Co-Producer) ' |- |Kyautar Fim mafi kyau: GOLD TANIT, JCC Chartage Cinematic days Festival (Tanit d'Or, Cinematographic Journees de Carthage), Tunisia <ref name="Abdalla" /> |MICROPHONE (Babban Actor & Co-Producer) ' |- |Kyautar Fim ta Larabci mafi kyau, Gasar Larabci don Fim na Tsawon Lokaci, Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Alkahira CIFF 2010 <ref name="Abdalla" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cairo International Film Festival {{!}} Archive |url=http://ciff.org.eg/en/info/archive#34 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184504/http://ciff.org.eg/en/info/archive#34 |archive-date=January 9, 2017 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=ciff.org.eg}}</ref> |MICROPHONE (Babban Actor & Co-Producer) ' |- |2009 |Bayyanawa ta Musamman, Gasar Fim ta Larabci, Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Alkahira na 33 na 2009 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cairo International Film Festival {{!}} Archive |url=http://ciff.org.eg/en/info/archive#33 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184504/http://ciff.org.eg/en/info/archive#33 |archive-date=January 9, 2017 |access-date=2017-01-09 |website=ciff.org.eg}}</ref> |HELIOPOLIS (Actor & Co-Producer) |- | | | |- | | | |- |- | | === Kyaututtuka a matsayin darektan === |Domin |- |1996 |Mafi kyawun shigarwa SOL STAR ta Lita Albuquerque, SOL STAR gajeren fim na Khaled Abol Naga (marubuci / darektan) Giza Plateau don 6th Cairo International Biennale, Alkahira, Masar'''Giza Plateau don bikin Biennale na Kasa da Kasa na Alkahira na 6, Alkahira, Masar''' |SOL STAR Takaitaccen Bidiyo-Art wani ɓangare na shigarwa |- |1990 |'''Kyautar ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau ga (The Caravan troupe),''' Bikin Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kyauta, (Arabic) Gidan wasan kwaikwayon Hanager, Gidan wasan opera na Alkahira, Masar |Gaskiya, Madly, Deeply (Arabic: .بجد, بجنون, بعمق) Adaptation by Khaled Abol Naga bisa ga fim din Anthony Minghella da wannan taken |- | | | |- | | === Sauran kyaututtuka === |Domin |- |2000 |Mafi kyawun Sabon Mai ba da sanarwar talabijin, Good Morning Egypt TV show, (ERTU, Masar) |Eshar Maana, tashar talabijin iri-iri, cibiyar talabijin ta Nilu |} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ranar !Naɗin juri !Bikin ko taron !Kasar !Hanyar haɗi ta yanar gizo / tushe |- |2016 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |Bikin Fim na Tangiers na 2016 |'''Maroko''' |http://www.festivaldetanger.com/main/?page_id=862 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621003006/http://www.festivaldetanger.com/main/?page_id=862 |date=2021-06-21 }} |- |2013 |'''Shugaban juri''' |Bikin Fim na Abu Dhabi, Kyautar Kare Yara <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanad Film Fund |first=ADFF |title=Sanad film fund Juries |url=http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/Images/PR_Juries%20Eng_tcm14-7646.pdf |journal=Sanad Film Fund Juries |via=Sanad Film Fund |access-date=2025-04-23 |archive-date=2023-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515161627/http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/Images/PR_Juries%20Eng_tcm14-7646.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=UAEToday.com |title=UAE Today – MoI Launches Child Protection Award At ADFF |url=http://www.uaetoday.com/news_details_ad.asp?newsid=13366 |access-date=2017-01-15 |website=www.uaetoday.com}}</ref> |'''Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa''' |http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/archive/2013/juries {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209190425/http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/archive/2013/juries |date=2023-12-09 }} |- |2012 |'''memba na juriya na kasa da kasa''' |Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Alkahira (CIFF) '''memba na FIAPF*''' |'''Misira''' |Archived#35" id="mwBDU" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow"><nowiki>http://ciff.org.eg/en/info/archive#35</nowiki> An adana shi a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 2017, a |- |2012 |'''Shugaban juriya''' |Royal Film Commission, EU Mobile Short Film Fest. |'''Jordan''' |http://www.film.jo/NewsView.aspx?NewsId=39 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129085328/http://film.jo/NewsView.aspx?NewsId=39 |date=2022-11-29 }} |- |2011 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |[http://www.ifistanbul.com/en/archive/2011/ Istanbul !f Gasar Fim ta Duniya] ta 2011 |'''Turkiyya''' |http://www.ifistanbul.com/en/archive/2011/ http://www.vandertastic.com/index.php?module=site&code=show_cat&id_cat=1 |- |2010 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Soyayya, Mons, 2010 (bugawa <abbr>Na 26^e</abbr>) |'''Belgium''' |[[:fr:Festival international du film d'amour de Mons|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Soyayya, Mons]] |- |2011 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |Bikin Fim na Larabawa na MÅLMÖ 2011 |'''Sweden''' |http://maffswe.com/archive-2011/ |- |2010 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |Bikin Fim na Abu Dhabi na 2010, New Horizons Awards |'''Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa''' |http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/archive/2010/juries {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929133923/http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/archive/2010/juries |date=2023-09-29 }} |- |2010 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival PÖFF, Eurasia Program 2010, '''memba na FIAPF*''' * |'''Estonia''' |http://2010.poff.ee/eng/festival-2010/juries/eurasia-jury {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116175905/http://2010.poff.ee/eng/festival-2010/juries/eurasia-jury |date=2017-01-16 }} |- |2009 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |[https://arabfilmfestival.nl/ Rotterdam Fim na Larabci] Festival l 2009, |'''Netherlands''' |https://arabfilmfestival.nl/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOB8LL6eXhs |- |2009 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |[http://www.beirutfilmfestival.org/2009-9th-edition-photos/ Bikin Fim na Duniya na Beirut], 9"th. BIFF |'''Lebanon''' |http://www.beirutfilmfestival.org/2009-9th-edition-photos/ |- |2008 |'''Wani memba na juri''' |Bikin Fim na Cibiyar Katolika don fina-finai na Masar 2008 |'''Misira''' |http://www.elcinema.com/en/festival/1000160 |- |2009–2016 |'''Mai jefa kuri'a''' |Kyautar Emmy® ta Duniya (Kwamitin Fasaha da Kimiyya na Duniya) |'''Amurka''' |Kyautar Emmy ta Duniya&amp;lt; |} == Hotunan fina-finai == === Talabijin === * 2020: MESSIAH (lokaci na 1): NETFLIX TV jerin - watsawa 1 Janairu 2020 YACOB - (tauraruwar baƙo a cikin 3/10 episodes) * '''2019: THE LAST POST (lokaci na 1): BBC TV mini series - watsa a Burtaniya 2018 ''' The Informant - (Baƙon tauraron a cikin 6/6 episodes) * 2017: VIKINGS (lokaci na 5): Tarihin Tarihin Tarihi - ana watsa shi a Kanada Fabrairu 2017 Ziyadat-Allah - (Mutumin tauraron baƙo a cikin ɓangarori 2) * '''2016: TYRANT (lokaci na 3): FX Networks TV show - Amurka Satumba 2016 ''' AL-Qadi - (Babban rawar da ya taka a cikin 10/10 episodes) * 2007: LEILA's MAD MAN aka: Magnoon Laila: TV mini series - Misira 2007 Omar - (Lead Series Aiki na yau da kullun a cikin 15/15 Episodes) Ya sami kyaututtuka masu yawa na gida da suka fi dacewa''Ya sami lambar yabo ta musamman ta musamman ta ƙwararrun ƙwararrun'' * 2003: EL BANAT: Ƙananan jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin - Misira 2003 Seif - (Shirye-shiryen Jagora a cikin 30/30 Episodes) Ya lashe Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Actor a bikin fina-finai na Katolika na 2003''Ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a bikin fina-finai na Katolika na 2003'' == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] p6vwanwvfbnh08r2bkdj5j1ik50jtlm 0 99504 827736 614511 2026-04-29T13:45:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''James Ifeanyichukwu Nwobodo''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Mayun shekarar 1940) ɗan kasuwa ne, sannan kuma ɗan siyasan Najeriya wanda ya kasance [[Jerin Gwamnonin Jihar Anambra|gwamnan jihar Anambra]] A shekarun (1979-1983) a lokacin [[Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta biyu|Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta Biyu]] <ref name="Jim Nwobodo.. Rebuilding Nigeria 1940">{{Cite web |date=9 May 1940 |title=Jim Nwobodo: Biography |url=http://www.jimnwobodo.com/bio.htm |access-date=4 June 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> kuma ya kasance Sanata na Gundumar Sanata ta Gabas ta Enugu a [[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu]] a shekarun (1999-2003). A shekara ta 2003, ya yi takara ba tare da nasara ba a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Najeriya.<ref name="self">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Jim Nwobodo |url=http://www.jimnwobodo.com/bio.htm |access-date=14 December 2009 |publisher=Jim Nwobodo }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == An haifi Jim Ifeanyichukwu Nwobodo a ranar 9 ga Mayun shekarar 1940 a Yankin Agyaragu, [[Lafia|Mafiya]], [[Nasarawa|Jihar Nassarawa]] . Ya kammala karatun sakandare a Shekarar 1956 a Makarantar Gwamnati, [[Awka]] a cikin abin da ke yanzu Jihar Anambra, sannan ya halarci Kwalejin St. Peter, [[Zariya|Zaria]] a cikin shekarun (1956-1959). Ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Fasaha, Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Najeriya, da farko a [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]] sannan a [[Ibadan]], sannan ya halarci [[Jami'ar Ibadan|Kwalejin Jami'ar Ibadan]] a shekarun (1961-1964), inda ya sami BA a Turanci.<ref name="self"/> Bayan kammala karatunsa, Jim Nwobodo ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a [[King's College, Lagos|Kwalejin Sarki, Legas]] a cikin shekarun (1964-1966). Daga nan sai ya yi aiki a sashen ma'aikata tare da Kamfanin Shell na Najeriya (1966-1970). Bayan [[Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] ya ƙare a shekarar 1970, ya kafa Link Group International, wanda ya girma don buɗe rassa a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], [[Kano (birni)|Kano]], Benin City, [[Aba]], [[Kalaba|Calabar]] da [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]]. Shi ne kuma Shugaban Jimson International Al Cargo Agencies, Satellite Press Limited, da sauran kamfanoni.<ref name="self"/> Nwodobo ya kuma kasance shugaban ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya Enugu Rangers a lokacin nasarar da suka samu a cikin shekarun 1970 da farkon shekara 1980. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obalola |first=Nurudeen |date=28 September 2016 |title=Chukwu: Rangers Have Brought Glory To Entire South Eastern Nigeria |url=https://www.completesports.com/51628-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411072522/https://www.completesports.com/51628-2/ |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref> Nwobodo ya auri Patricia (Pat), kuma suna da yara biyu na makarantar sakandare, Jim da Pat Jr. == Gwamnan Jihar Anambra == Jim Nwobodo ya shiga Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Najeriya (NPP) kuma a watan Oktoban shekarar 1978, an zaɓe shi shugaban NPP na tsohuwar Jihar Anambra. Ya tsaya takara a zaɓen shekara ta 1979 kuma a ranar 1 ga Oktoban shekarar 1979 aKa rantsar da shi a matsayin Gwamna na farko na Jihar Anambra. <ref name="self"/> A matsayinsa na gwamna, Nwobodo ya kafa otal ɗin Nike Lake, Nike, Enugu; gidan talabijin na jihar Anambra, Enugu, Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta jihar Anambra (ASUT), Enugu; Otal din Ikenga (tare da rassa a Enugu, Onitsha, da Awka); [[Filin jirgin saman Maputo|Filin wasa na Nnamdi Azikiwe]], Enugu: Kwalejin Ilimi ta Eha Amufu; da Kwalejin ilimi ta Nsugbe; da sauran ayyukan. Ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga kafa Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe (NAU): harabar Awka ta ASUT ta zama filin tashi na NAU lokacin da ta kasance a cikin Shekarar 1991. Ya sake tsayawa takara a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1983, amma Christian Onoh na jam'iyyar National Party of Nigeria (NPN) ya kada shi. Zaɓen ya lalace ta hanyar tsoratar da jama'a, tashin hankali da magudi na ƙuri'a. == Lokacin mulkin soja == Bayan da Sojoji a ƙarƙashin Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]] suka karɓi iko a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1983, an ɗaure shi na wani lokaci. Lokacin da [[Sani Abacha]] ya hau mulki an naɗa shi memba na kwamishinan kundin tsarin mulki. A shekarar 1995, an naɗa shi Ministan Matasa da Wasanni. Yayinda ƙasar ta koma ga dimokuradiyya, ya kasance memba na [[Jam'iyyar SDP|Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party]] (SDP), [[Jam'iyyar United Nigeria Congress Party]] (UNCP) sannan daga baya Grassroots Democratic Movement (GDM). Ya kasance memba na kafa jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). <ref name="self"/> Ƙungiyar kwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya, wacce aka fi sani da [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Super Eagles]], ta lashe gasar cin [[Gasar cin kofin Afrika|Kofin Kasashen Afirka]] ta Shekarar 1994 a Ƙasar Tunisia . An yi wa kowane memba alƙawarin gida Mai ɗakuna 3 a matsayin kyauta. A ranar 27 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1995, Jim Nwobodo ya rubuta wa mambobin ƙungiyar cewa an umarci Ma'aikatar Ayyuka da Gidaje da su saki gidaje nan da nan. A watan Yulin Shekarar 2009, an samar da gidaje a Legas da Abuja. == Sanata == A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1999, an zaɓi Jim Nwobodo a matsayin Sanata na mazabar Enugu ta Gabas ta Tarayyar Najeriya a dandalin PDP, ya hau mulki a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1999. An naɗa shi Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai kan Harkokin Cikin Gida . <ref name="self"/> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2002, an sami rikici lokacin da Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Enugu ta rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana so ya kori Abel Chukwu, mai magana da yawun gidan, wanda aka yi imanin cewa mai goyon bayan Gwamna [[Chimaroke Ogbonnia|Chimaroke Nnamani]] ne. Nwobodo ya gabatar da yunkurin cewa ya kamata Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya ta karɓi al'amuran Majalisar. A lokacin zaɓen gwamna na Shekarar 1998/1999 a Jihar Enugu, Nwobodo ya goyi bayan Dokta Chimaroke Nnamani, wanda aka zaɓa. Koyaya, maza biyu sun faɗi daga baya.Nwobodo ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin da ba a yi nasara ba don dakatar da sake zaben Nnamani na 2003. Zuwa ƙarshen wa'adinsa na Majalisar Dattijai, ya sauya zuwa jam'iyyar United Nigeria People's Party (UNPP) na ɗan lokaci, yana takara a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa a babban zaben 2003. <ref name="self"/> Abokin aikinsa a matsayin mataimakin dan takarar shugaban kasa shi ne [[Mohammed Goni]], tsohon gwamnan [[Borno|Jihar Borno]] . == Ayyukansa na baya == A shekara ta 2008, Nwobodo ya jagoranci kwamitin aiki a Kudu maso Gabas don warware gwagwarmayar ɓangarori a cikin Jam'iyyar PDP a wannan yanki. A watan Yunin Shekarar 2009, [[Kamfanin Inshora na Najeriya]] (NDIC) da [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] (CBN) sun dawo da lasisin Bankin Savannah, wanda Jim Nwobodo ke da babban gungume, bisa ga hukuncin Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara na watan Fabrairun shekarar 2009 a Birnin [[Abuja]]. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] noqmt9ijcnhbj04tgqnv4el85sgnaum 0 100254 827809 793503 2026-04-29T19:24:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827809 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Joy Doreen Biira''' (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1986) 'yar jarida ce kuma mai ba da shawara kan sadarwa a kasar Uganda. Ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "mai jarida, mai dabarun sadarwa da kuma na'urar computer, mai gudanarwa akan muhawarai, mai magana, mai horar da kafofin watsa labarai, ita abun koyi ce, kuma mahaifiya". <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Maureen Akinyi |date=5 May 2012 |title=New Kid On The Screen |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/womans-instinct/article/2000057619/new-kid-on-the-screen |access-date=7 January 2021}}</ref> <ref name="2R" /> Taken taken ta shine "Creatives Director" a Africa Speaks Limited, kamfani mai zaman kansa a Uganda, wanda aka iyakance ta hannun jari, wanda aka kafa a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2006.<ref name="2R"/><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Uganda Registration Services Bureau |date=24 October 2020 |title=Ugandan Companies: Africa Speaks Limited |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/ug/80010002958136 |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=Opencorporates.com |format=Opencorporates.com Quoting [[Uganda Registration Services Bureau]]}}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haifi Joy Doreen Biira a ranar 5 ga Satumbar shekarar 1986 ga John da Beatrice Baluku a garin Kasese na Yammacin Uganda, a Yankin Rwenzururu, a gindin tsaunuka na Rwenzori Mountain Range . <ref name="1R"/> Ta halarci makarantar firamare, daga nan sai ta koma [[Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Kyebambe]], a birnin Fort Portal, inda ta kammala karatunta na O-Level. Don karatunta na A-Level, ta halarci ''Makarantar Sakandare ta Immaculate Heart'' a garin Rukungiri, inda ta sami Diploma na makarantar sakandare a shekara ta 2004. <ref name="4R"/> A watan Satumbar 2005, an shigar da Biira a [[Jami'ar Makerere]], jami'ar gama gari mafi tsufa da kuma girma a Uganda, don neman digiri a [[Fasahar bayanai|Fasahar Bayanai]], wanna fannin itace ta uku da ta fi so. Zaɓin farko da ta yi shi ne aikin jarida da sadarwa.<ref name="1R"/> A lokacin shekara ta farko a jami'a, ta yi aiki na cikakken lokaci, wanda ta haka take biyan kudin makaranta, tare da darussan maraice a jami'ar. Ta yi aiki a Branding Uganda Limited', a cikin Sashen Ayyuka. A wasu kwanakin kuma, ta kan shiga cikin aji na Mass Communication, inda zuciyarta take.<ref name="4R"/> Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Bayanai daga Jami'ar Makerere a shekarar 2011. <ref name="2R"/> == Ayyuka == Bayan shekara ta biyu a ''Kwalejin Kwamfuta da Kimiyya ta Bayanai'' a Jami'ar Makerere, Biira ta jinkirta makaranta a shekarar ta ƙarshe don samun kwarewa a [[Kafofin yada labarai|Masana'antar kafofin watsa labarai]]. An horar da ita a matsayin mai zurfin bincike kan labaran da suka fi zurfi da ƙwarewar jarida ta hanyar masana a cikin shawarwarin kafofin watsa labarai, suna ba ta fa'ida ta gasa tare da 'yan jarida da aka horar da su. Ta fara ne a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa / mai zaman kansa, kuma daga baya aka yi amfani da ita a matsayin mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen safiyar mako a gidan talabijin na NBS tare da Shawn Kimuli, yana watsa shirye-shirye a hedkwatar cibiyar sadarwa a babban birnin Uganda, [[Kampala]] . Tsakanin watan Yulin 2008 har zuwa watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, Biira ta kasance mai ba da labarai na farko da mai watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin a gidan talabijin na kasa (NBS Television), a Kampala, Uganda, a lokaci guda tana aiki a matsayin kwararren Social Media na shekaru uku na ƙarshe na zamanta a can.<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Joy Doreen Biira |date=7 January 2021 |title=oy Doreen Biira, Media Personality |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/joydoreenbiira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=[[LinkedIn.com]]}}</ref><ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Kenyan Life |date=2016 |title=Biography of Joy Doreen Biira |url=https://kenyanlife.com/joy-doreen-biira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=Kenyanlife.com}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Satumba 2008, 91.3 Capital FM ta kira Biira, babbar Tashar rediyo ta Ingila a Uganda, don gwaji akan wani shirin rediyo. Bayan zagaye na farko na gwajin, aka dauke ta a matsayin mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo na wasan kwaikwayo na safiyar karshen mako, "The Dream Breakfast show" . Ta dauki bakuncin tare da "Hakeem-The-Dream" kuma daga baya [[Shawn Kimuli]] . Ta fara fitowa a rediyo a ranar 6 ga Satumba 2008. Ta girma ta zama mai karɓar bakuncin 91.3 Capital FM's Sunday Drive, wani shirin kiɗa na infotainment wanda ya haɗa da tambayoyi, labarai da manyan tattaunawar kiɗa. Yayinda take a 91.3 Capital FM shirye-shiryenta sun zama mafi yawan sauraron shirye-shiryen karshen mako. Ta yi aiki a wannan rawar tsakanin Satumba 2008 da Disamba 2011, a lokaci guda tare da ayyukan talabijin a NBS Television . <ref name="2R"/> <ref name="4R"/><ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Johnson Grace Muganja |date=3 July 2011 |title=Biira: TV And Radio Star |url=https://observer.ug/lifestyle/42-entertainment/14098-biira-tv-and-radio-star |access-date=8 January 2021 |archive-date=10 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110101325/https://observer.ug/lifestyle/42-entertainment/14098-biira-tv-and-radio-star |url-status=dead }}</ref> Biira ta shiga Standard Media Group a cikin Janairu 2012 a matsayin mai ba da labari, mai ba da rahoto, kuma mai gabatar da shirye-shirye tare da Gidan Talabijin na Kenya (KTN Kenya). Ta karbi, a bakuncin Business Today, wasan kwaikwayo na sa'o'i daya da ya gudana a kasashe 12 na nahiyar Afirka. Shirin ya karkasa al'amuran tattalin arziki ga masu kallon sa yayin da yake magana da masu hannu da shuni a kasuwanci, gano gibin kasuwancin da ke fadin kasar Kenya da Afirka da kuma neman mafita ga wadannan kalubale. Kasancewar kasar Kenya cibiyar tattalin arzikin Gabashin Afirka, manyan 'yan kasuwa, masana tattalin arziki, da manazarta sun samar wa kansu aiki na fitowa a cikin shirin harkokin kasuwanci a yau, wanda ake jiyarwa a ranakun mako da karfe biyu na rana agogon gabashin Afirka a tashar KTN. Ta yi aiki a wannan matsayi kusan shekaru shida har zuwa Oktoba 2017.<ref name="4R2">{{cite web |author=Kenyan Life |date=2016 |title=Biography of Joy Doreen Biira |url=https://kenyanlife.com/joy-doreen-biira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=Kenyanlife.com |location=Nairobi}}</ref> Tsakanin 2013 da 2015, Biira ta samar da ayyuka da ya dauki nauyin wasan kwaikwayo na "Pan-African" wato "Africa Speaks", wanda babban makasudinsa shine haɓaka dangantakar tsakanin Afirka ta fuskar tattalin arziki, siyasa da zamantakewa. A watan Janairun 2017 ta dauki wani karin a matsayin mai saukan baki a shirin muhalli na Eco@Africa, wanda ta shirya tare da Nneota Egbe na Najeriya na gidan talabijin na Channels. An zaɓe ta a matsayin Mai ba da rahoto na Gabashin Afirka na Deutsche Welle (DW) wanda ke ba da batutuwan muhalli da kuma mafita masu ban sha'awa daga Afirka da Turai, tana aiki a wannan matsayi har zuwa Oktoba 2017.<ref name="2R2">{{cite web |author=Joy Doreen Biira |date=7 January 2021 |title=oy Doreen Biira, Media Personality |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/joydoreenbiira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=[[LinkedIn.com]]}}</ref><ref name="7R2">{{cite web |author=BTK |date=16 January 2018 |title=KTN's Joy Doreen Biira Lands Communications Job With Government |url=https://businesstoday.co.ke/ktns-joy-doreen-biira-lands-communications-job/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |work=Business Today Kenya (BTK) |location=Nairobi}}</ref><ref name="8R2">{{cite web |author=Deutsche Welle |date=January 2017 |title=Meet Joy Doreen Biira |url=https://www.dw.com/en/meet-joy-doreen-biira/a-36998255 |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |location=Bonn, Germany}}</ref> Ta bar KTN a watan Oktoba 2017. A cikin Janairu 2018, Ma'aikatar Ma'adinai ta Kenya ta dauki hayar Biira a matsayin mai ba da shawara aka dabarun sadarwa, ta yiki aiki na dasu tsawon shekara guda.<ref name="2R3">{{cite web |author=Joy Doreen Biira |date=7 January 2021 |title=oy Doreen Biira, Media Personality |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/joydoreenbiira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=[[LinkedIn.com]]}}</ref><ref name="7R3">{{cite web |author=BTK |date=16 January 2018 |title=KTN's Joy Doreen Biira Lands Communications Job With Government |url=https://businesstoday.co.ke/ktns-joy-doreen-biira-lands-communications-job/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |work=Business Today Kenya (BTK) |location=Nairobi}}</ref><ref name="9R2">{{cite web |author=Matooke Republic |date=17 January 2018 |title=KTN News Anchor Joy Doreen Biira Quits TV, Lands Top Job In Kenya Government |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/2018/01/17/ktn-news-anchor-joy-doreen-biira-quits-tv-lands-top-job-in-kenya-government/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=Matooke Republic |location=Kampala }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019 ta koma Deutsche Welle a matsayin wakilin Afirka don watsa shirye-shiryensu na Kasuwancin Afirka, wanda ke Nairobi, Kenya. Har ila yau, ta ci gaba da yin magana da tuntuɓar sana'a a matsayinta na Daraktan Ƙirƙira na Afirka Speaks Limited, matsayin ta taka tun Janairu 2010.<ref name="2R4">{{cite web |author=Joy Doreen Biira |date=7 January 2021 |title=oy Doreen Biira, Media Personality |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/joydoreenbiira/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |publisher=[[LinkedIn.com]]}}</ref> == Abubuwan da Sha'awa == Biira tana da matukar sha'awar yanayi da muhalli, kuma mai kishin muhalli ce. Ta halarci NBS Television Limited 'yan Uganda Miliyan 31, Bishiyoyi Miliyan 31, kamfen na dashen itatuwa a fadin kasar Uganda. Shugaban kasar Uganda Yoweri Kaguta Museveni ne ya kaddamar da kamfen din a ranar 8 ga Mayun 2010. Aikin wani bangare ne na hadin gwiwa don dakile illolin dumamar yanayi.<ref name="8R3">{{cite web |author=Deutsche Welle |date=January 2017 |title=Meet Joy Doreen Biira |url=https://www.dw.com/en/meet-joy-doreen-biira/a-36998255 |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |location=Bonn, Germany}}</ref> Biira na gudanar da wani shafi mai suna Biira Foundation inda take yada ra'ayoyinta kan batutuwa daban-daban.<ref name="10R2">{{cite web |author=Joy Doreen Biira |date=9 April 2020 |title=Website of Biira Online |url=https://www.biiraonline.com |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=Biiraonline.com |location=Nairobi }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Iyalai == Joy Doreen Biira ta auri Newton Kung'u, tun daga shekarar 2016. Tare kuma suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu.<ref name="11R">{{Cite web |last=Douglas Mwarua |date=November 2020 |title=News anchor Doreen Biira shows her motherly side as she hangs out with doting sons |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/384655-news-anchor-doreen-biira-shows-motherly-side-hangs-doting-sons.html |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=Tuko Kenya }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rigingimu == A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 2016, sojojin gwamnati dauke da makamai da suka hada da Sojojin Uganda (UPDF) da na 'yan sandan Uganda (UPF), sun kai hari, kuma suka birkita, tare da kona fadar Sarkin Rwenzururu, wani Charles Wesley Mumbere. Adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kasance tsakanin 55 zuwa sama da 100, ya danganta da wanda ke ba da rahoto.<ref name="12R">{{Cite web |last=Wesley Kipng'enoh |date=November 2016 |title=KTN news reporter Joy Doreen Biira arrested in Uganda |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/local-news/2000225010/ktn-news-reporter-joy-doreen-bira-arrested-in-uganda-a-day-after-her-wedding |access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="13R">{{Cite web |last=BBC News |date=3 December 2021 |title=Uganda cracks down on 'dissenting' Rwenzururu kingdom |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38169262 |access-date=9 January 2021 |publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC)}}</ref><ref name="14R">{{Cite web |last=Elias Biryabarema |date=15 March 2017 |title=Uganda says security forces killed more than 100 in palace assault last year |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-security-idUSKBN16M2KZ |publisher=[[Reuters.com]]}}</ref> Washegari, Biira, wacce ke garinsu na Kasese, domin bikin aurenta da ango (yanzu miji), Newton Kung’u, dan kasar Kenya, ‘yan sandan Uganda, sun kama ta, saboda ta yada hotuna da bidiyo na wutar bayan harin, a wasu shafukanta na sada zumunta.<ref name="12R" /> Bayan ta kwana a hannun ‘yan sanda, an ba ta takardar shaidar ‘yan sanda kuma ta koma Kenya tare da mijinta. An tuhume ta da laifin "Taimakawa ta'addanci", zargin da ya kai ga yanke hukuncin daurin shekaru bakwai a gidan yarin Uganda.<ref name="15R">{{Cite web |last=Committee to Protect Journalists |date=30 November 2016 |title=Ugandan Journalist Joy Doreen Biira Charged With 'abetting terrorism' |url=https://cpj.org/2016/11/ugandan-journalist-joy-doreen-biira-charged-with-a/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=[[Committee to Protect Journalists]]}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2016, an sace motar Biira, Mercedes-Benz E-220, sedan mai lambar rajista: KBY 831K, daga filin ajiye motoci na Standard Media Kenya, ma'aikacinta, inda mai shi ya ajiye motar.<ref name="16R">{{Cite web |last=Nairobi News |date=24 December 2016 |title=KTN news anchor's vehicle is stolen at company's parking lot |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/ktn-news-anchors-vehicle-is-stolen-at-companys-parking-lot |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=[[Daily Nation|Nairobi News]] }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kimanin mako guda bayan haka, an gano motar a yammacin birnin [[Kisumu]] na Kenya, kimanin kilomita 350 (mil 217). Wanda aka kama kuma aka tuhume shi da satar shi ne ''Aaron Obudho Ochieng'', edita a gidan talabijin inda shi da Biira suka yi aiki.<ref name="17R">{{Cite web |last=Fred Makana |date=3 January 2017 |title=KTN Journalist Aaron Ochieng charged with theft |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/nairobi/article/2000228668/ktn-journalist-aaron-ochieng-charged-with-theft |access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref> Neman kariyar editan ta farko shine cewa shi da mai motar sun hada kai don shirya satar motar.<ref name="18R">{{Cite web |last=Abiud Ochieng |date=3 January 2017 |title=New twist as KTN editor claims he planned theft of car with Joy Doreen Biira |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/new-twist-ktn-editor-claims-planned-theft-car-joy-doreen-biira |access-date=8 January 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Watanni shida bayan haka, ya karkatar da waɗannan da'awar a kotu, ya nemi gafara ga mai motar a fili saboda cutarwa, kunci da wahala da ya haifar da kuma ƙarya ga kotu, kuma ya cimma matsaya sulhu a wajen kotu tare da mai motar, saboda alhakin da ya dauka dangane da maganganunsa. Ya kuma rasa aikinsa a matsayin Edita a KTN Television . <ref name="19R">{{Cite web |last=Sara Okuoro |date=4 July 2017 |title=Ex-KTN editor Aaron Ochieng apologises to Joy Doreen Biira over car theft |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/nairobi/article/2001246011/ex-ktn-editor-aaron-ochieng-apologises-to-doreen-biira-over-car-theft |access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2018 an sake daure Aaron Obudho Ochieng saboda ya kasa biyan kuɗin da ya yi alkawarin biyan Joy Doreen Biira.<ref name="20R">{{Cite web |last=Ghafla |date=23 May 2018 |title=Former KTN editor Aaron Ochieng thrown back in jail for failing to pay Joy Doreen Biira Kes 550,000 |url=http://www.ghafla.com/ke/former-ktn-editor-aaron-ochieng-thrown-back-in-jail-for-failing-to-pay-joy-doreen-biira-kes-550000/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=Ghafla.com}}</ref><ref name="21R">{{Cite web |last=Agnes Oloo |date=22 May 2018 |title=Journalist in Ksh.2.8M Mercedes Benz theft case remanded |url=https://citizentv.co.ke/news/journalist-in-ksh-2-8m-mercedes-benz-theft-case-remanded-201262/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |publisher=Citizen Television Kenya}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Rikicin Kasese * [[Winnie Kiiza]] * George Lugalambi == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] k84r92pke2r3yg0zcmesg1kiyo4co9m 0 100398 827959 701875 2026-04-30T11:26:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cristos Gianakos''' (an haife shi a watan Janairu 4, 1934) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda aka sani da manyan ayyukan sassaƙa sassaƙa da shigarwa. <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Cris Gianakos |url=https://www.minusspace.com/cris-gianakos |access-date=1 January 2023 |publisher=Minus Space}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cris Gianakos |url=https://citronne.com/en/artist/cris-gianakos/ |access-date=1 January 2023 |publisher=Citronne Gallery}}</ref> Yana zaune kuma yana aiki a [[New York]], <ref name=":13" /> inda yake koyarwa a Makarantar Kayayyakin gani tun a shekarar 1963. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=First Look: Cris Gianakos |url=https://archives.sva.edu/blog/post/first-look-cris-gianakos |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=archives.sva.edu}}</ref> Ya kasance yana nunawa da bugawa a matsayin Cris Gianakos tun 2002. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Cristos Gianakos a unguwar Washington Heights na [[New York]] a shekara ta 1934. Ya shafe yawancin lokacin ƙuruciyarsa a Girka, kafin ya koma [[New York]] inda ya halarci makarantar jama'a, ya yi nazarin zane-zane na zane-zane a Makarantar Kayayyakin, kuma ya gudanar da kasuwancin zane mai zaman kansa daga shekara ta 1961 zuwa 1971. <ref name=":5"/> Gianakos ya fara baje kolin nasa sassaka a ƙarshen shekarun 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BIO |url=https://www.crisgianakos.com/cg-bio |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=crisgianakos |language=en}}</ref> An wakilce shi a cikin 1968 ''Whitney Annual'' a Gidan Tarihi na Whitney da nunin 1970 ''A Presence Plastic'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Plastic Presence |url=https://specificobject.com/objects/info.cfm?object_id=15630}}</ref> a Gidan Tarihi na Yahudawa a [[New York]] tare da ayyukan da aka yi da resin polyester. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Robert Pincus-Wittent on Frank Lincoln Viner, Craig Kauffman, DeWain Valentine, Peter Alexander, Bruce Beasley, Robert Bassler, The Gianakos brothers and Eva Hesse |url=https://www.artforum.com/print/reviews/197001/frank-lincoln-viner-craig-kauffman-dewain-valentine-peter-alexander-bruce-beasley-robert-bassler-the-gianakos-brothers-and-eva-hesse-70922 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.artforum.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1970, ya fara yin gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren da suka haɗa da danyen itace. Mawallafin [[Stephen Westfall]] ya bayyana cewa: "Gianakos' ramps su ne sassaƙa tare da shirin gaba, ko' fuska." ... Ƙananan jiragen sama sun ratsa cikin yanayin tare da wasu ikon rarraba na Barnett Newman's zips." A cikin shekara ta 1983, Gianakos ya fara jerin ayyuka masu girma biyu akan manyan zanen gado na Mylar . Mai sukar jaridar ''[[New York Times]]'' William Zimmer ya rubuta:<blockquote>Cristos Gianakos 'matukar tashi kodayaushe shine jumlolin jirgin sama, amma wani nau'in lissafi ya yi karfi a cikin sassaken sa ta hanyar amfani da kayan gini kamar itace da karfe. Zanensa akan Mylar shima yana da mahimmanci ... [kuma] yana ba da umarni da hankali saboda Mista Gianakos, ta yin amfani da acrylic, tawada da graphite, ya gina wani wuri mai ƙarfi har yana da haske mai kusa-karfe. </blockquote>Yorghos Tzirtzilakis ya rubuta cewa: "Gianakos yana aiki akan girman kayan sassaka (zabin kayan abu guda ɗaya a kowane lokaci yana da alama ya mamaye) kuma yana ƙoƙarin sake fasalin fahimtarmu game da sararin samaniya da muhalli An lura da tasiri irin su Ƙarfafawar Rasha, Suprematism, Minimalism, Constantin Brancusi, Franz Kline da Giorgio di Chirico a cikin aikin Gianakos. <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Eclipse - Public Art Fund |url=https://www.publicartfund.org/exhibitions/view/eclipse/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.publicartfund.org}}</ref> Gianakos ya gabatar da nune-nunen nune-nunen solo a Gidan Tarihi na Nassau County Museum of Art (1979), Jami'ar Gallery a Jami'ar Massachusetts a Amherst (1989), da Gidan Tarihi na Gidan Tarihi, Tassaluniki (2002). Sauran sanannun nunin nunin sun haɗa da ''Artist a matsayin Abokin Hulɗa'' a Gidan Tarihi na Art Modern a [[New York]] (1971), <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Artist as Adversary {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1819 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref> ''Tit don Tatlin'' a Alternative Museum a New York (1984), ''Yi tafiya, zauna, wuce'' ta a Socrates Sculpture Park a New York (1987), ''Babban Scale na Kramarsky Draw daga'' Alrge Scale Draw Art Contemporary (1989) a Ridgefield, ''Pratt Sculpture Park'' a Cibiyar Pratt a New York (1999), da ''ron bladen, cris gianakos, max bill, hans josephsohn, doke zoderer, Richard dogon, christoph haerle, tagard rossideharn atriched, beatrikern betrikern, beatricern betriker, beatrikern, bätrikern, bäträndr, bäträmän, bätränd'' . Gidauniyar Max Bill a Zumikon, Switzerland (1999). <ref>{{Cite web |title=haus bill – maxbill.ch {{!}} Haus Bill / Foundation: Exhibitions |url=https://www.maxbill.ch/pagina.php?2,5,30, |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.maxbill.ch}}</ref> Gianakos ya nuna tare da wasu sculptors postminimalist ciki har da Eva Hesse, Nancy Graves, Richard Nonas, Alan Saret, <ref name=":9" /> da Richard Serra . <ref name=":9" /> == takamaiman rukunin yanar gizo da aikin jama'a (aka zaɓa) == * ''White Powder Pieces'', performances with white flour, Spring and Greene Streets, New York (1969) and Central Park Reservoir, New York (1972).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Perrault |first=John |date=June 5, 1969 |title=Para-Visual: Street Works III |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=KEtq3P1Vf8oC&dat=19690605&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |journal=The Village Voice |pages=17}}</ref> * ''Highbridge'', 1977, wood, painted wood and bolts, dimensions variable, 55 Mercer Street, New York * ''Ramp #4'', 1978, wood, bolts and mild steel, 156 in x 384 in x 24 in (3.96 m x 9.75 m x 0.6 m), P.S. 1 Special Projects Room 209 Old Wing, Long Island City<ref name=":7" /> * ''Ramp #7'', 1978, wood, steel bolts, {{Convert|192|×|288|×|24|in|m}}, Ward's Island, New York<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> * ''Rex'', 1979, wood, plywood and hex bolts, {{Convert|168|×|264|×|264|in|m}}, Nassau County Museum, Roslyn * ''Mars'', 1979, wood and hex bolts, {{Convert|408|×|492|×|54|in|m}}, Nassau County Museum, Roslyn<ref name=":1" /> * ''120'', 1979, wood, steel and hex bolts, {{Convert|192|×|1440|×|18|in|m}}, Nassau County Museum, Roslyn<ref name=":1" /> * ''Dark Passage'', 1980, wood, bolts, nails and paint, {{Convert|295|×|393|×|12|in|m}}, Moderna Museet, Stockholm<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Dark passage |url=https://sis.modernamuseet.se/objects/4253/dark-passage |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=sis.modernamuseet.se |language=en}}</ref> * ''Cul de Sac'', 1982, wood, plywood, bolts and screws, {{Convert|144|×|720|×|96|in|m}}, Artpark, Lewiston<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ronny H. Cohen on Artpark |url=https://www.artforum.com/print/reviews/198210/artpark-65561 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.artforum.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Eclipse'', 1982, wood, plywood, bolts and screws, {{Convert|152|×|132|×|152|in|m}}, Chambers Street and West Broadway, New York, commissioned by the Public Art Fund<ref name=":10"/> * ''Gemini'', 1985, painted steel, {{Convert|126|×|126|×|255|in|m}}, Ångbåtsbron, Malmö, commissioned by Skånes Konstförening (permanent) * ''Styx'', 1987, wood, plate steel and hex bolts, {{Convert|84|×|936|×|162|in|m}}, Socrates Sculpture Park, New York<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cristos Gianakos |url=https://socratessculpturepark.org/artist/cristos-gianakos/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Socrates Sculpture Park |language=en}}</ref> * ''Equinox'', 1989, wood, glass, steel and hex bolts, {{Convert|124|×|120|×|570|in|m}}, University Gallery, University of Massachusetts at Amherst<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cristos Gianakos Images |url=https://fac.umass.edu/UMCA/Online/default.asp?BOparam::WScontent::loadArticle::permalink=CristosGianakosImages&BOparam::WScontent::loadArticle::context_id= |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=fac.umass.edu}}</ref> * ''Wanås Ramp'', 1990, wood, plywood, bolts and nails, {{Convert|104|×|152|×|96|in|m}}, Wanås Konst, Knislinge<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Cris Gianakos |url=https://www.wanaskonst.se/sv-se/Konst/Samlingen/Konstn%C3%A4r/fid/17 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.wanaskonst.se }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * ''Orion'', 1990, steel, {{Convert|198|×|144|×|198|in|m}}, Wanås Konst, Knislinge (permanent)<ref name=":4" /> * ''Cull de Sac II'', 1992, {{Convert|96|×|936|×|96|in|m}}, Hillwood Art Museum, Long Island University, Brookville * ''Maroussi Ramp'', 1995, steel, concrete and paint, {{Convert|110|×|24|×|1680|in|m}}, Emfietzoglou Gallery Museum, Athens (permanent)<ref name=":2" /> * ''Gridlock'', 1997, steel, {{Convert|60|×|252|×|504|in|m}}, Alaca Imaret, Thessaloniki, commissioned by the Cultural Capital of Europe, Thessaloniki, 1997 == Haɗin kai == Gianakos ya tsara Yarjejeniyar Canja wurin Haƙƙin Haƙƙin Mawaƙi da Canja wurin, wanda Seth Siegelaub ya ƙaddamar a cikin 1971. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Newly Uncovered: Seth Siegelaub's Artist's Contract |url=https://archives.sva.edu/blog/post/department-of-the-newly-uncovered-seth-siegelaubs-artists-contract |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=archives.sva.edu}}</ref> A ƙarshen 1960s, Gianakos ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo a Judson Dance Theater choreographed by Deborah Hay . Eva Hesse ta gayyace shi don daukar hoton ɗakinta a 1970, jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucy R. Lippard, Nancy Holt, and Robert Smithson; James Meyer, postscript |url=https://www.artforum.com/print/200802/lucy-r-lippard-nancy-holt-and-robert-smithson-james-meyer-postscript-19335 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.artforum.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 1980s, ya kasance baƙo mai zane a Robert Blackburn Printmaking Workshop . == Tari == Gianakos 'sculpture, zanen, zane, kwafi, daukar hoto da littattafai ana wakilta a cikin tarin duniya ciki har da Brooklyn Museum, New York, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cristos Gianakos, Brooklyn Museum of Art |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/148641 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.brooklynmuseum.org |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102181149/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/148641 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cantor Arts Center, Jami'ar Stanford, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Cantor Arts Center - Parameter Series |url=https://cantorcollection.stanford.edu/objects-1/info/47262?sort=0 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=cantorcollection.stanford.edu |language=en}}</ref> Gothenborg Museum of Art, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Göteborgs Konstmuseum, Cristos Gianakos |url=https://emp-web-34.zetcom.ch/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultListView/result.t2.artist_list.$TspTitleLink$0.link&sp=10&sp=Sartist&sp=SfilterDefinition&sp=0&sp=1&sp=1&sp=SsimpleList&sp=25&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=T&sp=35 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=emp-web-34.zetcom.ch}}</ref> Harvard Art Museums/ Fogg Museum, Cambridge, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Harvard Art Museums {{!}} Cristos Gianakos |url=https://harvardartmuseums.org/collections/object/197468?position=0 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=harvardartmuseums.org |language=en}}</ref> Moderna Museet, Museum of Stockholm [Mu-Murry Arts, Museum of Stockholm, <ref name=":8"/> Mumpo Arts, Museum of Stockholm., Costakis Collection, Thessaloniki, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cristos Gianakos |url=https://www.greekstatemuseum.com/kmst/collections/donations.html |access-date=January 2, 2023 |website=greekstatemuseum.com}}</ref> Museum of Modern Art, New York, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cristos Gianakos {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/artists/2143 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref> Skissernas Museum, Lund, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Museum |first=Skissernas |title=Explore the Collection – Skissernas Museum |url=https://skissernasmuseum.se/en/collection/explore-the-collection/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=skissernasmuseum.se |language=en-US}}</ref> Umedalens Skulpturpark, Umeå, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cristos Gianakos – Beamwalk – Umedalens Skulpturpark |url=https://umedalenskulptur.org/artworks-in-the-park/cristos-gianakos-beamwalk/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |language=sv-SE}}</ref> Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cristos Gianakos |url=https://walkerart.org/collections/artists/http:://walkerart.org/collections/artists/cristos-gianakos |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=walkerart.org |language=en-US}}</ref> da Wanås Konst, Knislinge. <ref name=":4"/> == Kyauta == Gianakos ya kasance mai karɓar lambobin yabo da yawa ciki har da tallafi daga Gidauniyar Pollock-Krasner (2014) <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Pollock-Krasner Foundation, Inc. announces 116 grants totaling $2,163,000 to visual artists internationally in fiscal year 2013-2014. |url=https://pkf.org/press_releases/pollock-krasner-foundation-inc-announces-116-grants-totaling-2163000-visual-artists-internationally-fiscal-year-2013-2014/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Pollock-Krasner Foundation |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102181152/https://pkf.org/press_releases/pollock-krasner-foundation-inc-announces-116-grants-totaling-2163000-visual-artists-internationally-fiscal-year-2013-2014/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (1980). == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.crisgianakos.com}} * [https://www.publicartfund.org/exhibitions/view/eclipse/ Eclipse - Public Art Fund] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1934]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h1us1tg5klgr5v8e5070xheerbqoa11 0 101054 827862 787803 2026-04-29T21:38:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Juyin Juya Halin Sarki da Jama'a''' (, Thawrat al-Malik wal-Sha'ab) wani yunkuri ne na ƴanci na ƙasa na [[Moroko|Maroko]] mai adawa da mulkin mallaka tare da burin kawo ƙarshen masu kariya na Faransa da Spain a Maroko don tserewa daga mulkin mallaka. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=فيديو..ذكرى ثورة الملك والشعب..تجسيد لتلاحم قوي بين الشعب المغربي والعرش |url=https://2m.ma/ar/news/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%89-%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85-%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B4-20200820/ |access-date=2021-07-02 |website=2M |language=ar}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2018-08-20 |title=ثورة الملك والشعب .. ملحمة التحرر من الاستعمار |url=https://www.hespress.com/ثورة-الملك-والشعب-ملحمة-التحرر-من-الا-446013.html |access-date=2021-07-02 |website=Hespress - هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية |language=ar}}</ref> Sunan yana nufin daidaitawa tsakanin masarautar Maroko Sultan Mohammed V da kuma shahararren Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Maroko a ƙoƙarin da suke yi na adawa da mulkin mallaka da kuma samun 'yancin kai, musamman bayan da hukumomin Faransa suka tilasta Sultan Mohammed V zuwa gudun hijira a ranar 20 ga Agustan shekarar 1953 ([[Sallar Idi Babba|Eid al-Adha]]). <ref name=":2" /> 20 ga watan Agusta an dauke shi hutu ne na kasa a Maroko, don tunawa da juyin juya halin Sarki da Jama'a.<ref name=":2" /> Bayan Morocco ta sake samun 'yancin kai daga Faransanci, motsi ya daina wanzuwa, yayin da Sultan ya sami nasarar karɓar iko da jihar. A halin yanzu, an juya Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Maroko zuwa jam'iyyar adawa. == Yanayi == Bayan harin bam na Faransa a Casablanca da cin nasarar Maroko, Yarjejeniyar Fes ta shekarar 1912 ta sanya Maroko a matsayin mai kare Faransa. Kodayake aikin adawa da mulkin mallaka ya faru a duk lokacin da Faransa ke ƙarewa a kan Maroko, yana nuna kansa a cikin ayyukan kamar Rif War da Spain, yana shirya don mayar da martani ga 1930 Berber Dahir, da kuma kafa Kwamitin Ayyukan Maroko a 1933. Ayyukan adawa da mulkin mallaka sun karu bayan Allies sun gudanar da [[Casablanca]]_Conference" id="mwQA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Casablanca Conference">Taron Anfa a Casablanca a watan Janairun 1943, tare da ƙarfafawa ga 'yancin Maroko daga Shugaban Amurka Franklin D. Roosevelt . <ref name=":3" /> Yakin Maroko don samun ƴancin kai ya zama na duniya, tare da masu kishin kasa da ke kirkirar cibiyar sadarwa ta magoya bayan ƙasa da ƙasa da suka mamaye nahiyoyi, suna taimakawa wajen halatta kiran neman' yancin kai a duk faɗin ra'ayin jama'a na duniya. An kirkiro Jam'iyyar Istiqlal a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1943, kuma ta ba da Sanarwar 'yancin kai na Maroko a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1944. <ref name=":3" /> == Tarihi == == Magana ta Tangier == Bayan da hukumomin Faransa suka kasa a yunkurin su na rushe tafiyarsa tare da kisan kiyashi na Casablanca na shekarar 1947, Mohammed V ya yi magana yana neman ƴancin Maroko a karo na farko a cikin tafiya ta tarihi da alama zuwa Yankin Duniya na Tangier, inda ya gabatar da jawabin Tangier na 9 ga Afrilu 1947. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-08 |title=الزيارة التاريخية للمغفور له محمد الخامس لطنجة شكلت منعطفا حاسما في مسيرة الكفاح الوطني من أجل الحرية والاستقلال |url=http://www.maptanger.ma/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ba%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae/ |access-date=2021-07-05 |website=MapTanger |language=ar }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin kalmomin masanin tarihi Susan Gilson Miller:<blockquote>"Muhammad V mai jin kunya kuma mai ritaya ya tashi kamar zaki don saduwa da makomarsa ta tarihi. A cikin jawabin lantarki da aka yi a Tangier a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1947, sultan - wanda bai taɓa yin wata kalma da za ta iya ba da shawarar cewa zai kauce daga manufofin Protectorate - ya yaba da tafiya zuwa ga 'haɗin kai' na Maroko kuma ya tabbatar da imaninsa a cikin 'Arabo-Islama' ƙasar ƙasar, a fili yana rarraba sarari mai faɗi tsakanin kansa da Residency.</blockquote> == Matsi mai girma == Kisan gillar dan ƙungiyar kwadago ta Tunisia Farhat Hached da La Main Rouge, bangaren masu fafutuka na sirri na leken asirin ƙasashen waje na Faransa, ya haifar da zanga-zanga a birane a duniya da tashin hankali a Casablanca, musamman a cikin karkara Carrières Centrales (yanzu Hay Mohammadi), <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-09 |title=Casablanca 1952: Architecture For the Anti-Colonial Struggle or the Counter-Revolution |url=https://thefunambulist.net/editorials/casablanca-1952-architects-and-the-colonial-counter-revolution |access-date=2021-07-06 |website=THE FUNAMBULIST MAGAZINE |language=en-US}}</ref> daga 7-8 Disamba 1952. Kimanin mutane 100 ne aka kashe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=6. French Morocco (1912-1956) |url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/francemorocco-1930-1956/ |access-date=21 March 2020 |website=uca.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=1 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401183525/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/francemorocco-1930-1956/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wadannan zanga-zangar sun sami rinjaye sosai daga babbar hanyar tallafi ta kasa da kasa da 'yan kasar Morocco suka gina. Wannan cibiyar sadarwa ta haɗa da jami'an diflomasiyya da jami'ai na leken asiri waɗanda suka ba da bayanai da tallafi na dabarun, suna tasiri ga ra'ayoyin cikin gida da na duniya game da yunkurin samun 'yancin kai na Maroko. == Gudanar da Muhammadu na V == A ranar 20 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1953 (Eid al-Adha), an kori Mohammed V kuma an tura shi gudun hijira, da farko zuwa [[Korsika|Corsica]], sannan zuwa [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]].<ref name=":2"/> Abubuwan da suka faru da ke kewaye da gudun hijira sun kasance alama ce ta manyan martani na kasa da kasa, musamman daga Amurka da Faransa, inda ra'ayoyin jama'a da na diflomasiyya suka rinjayi goyon bayan da 'yan kasar Morocco suka samu a duniya. Ikklisiyoyin Katolika da Furotesta sun tsaya cikin hadin kai tare da mutanen Maroko da mutane kamar Albert Peyriguère sun yi tir da rashin adalci da hukumomin Faransa suka yi. ===l Tsayayya da makamai == Bayan gudun hijirar sultan, shahararren juriya ya zama mafi tsananin tashin hankali. A ranar 11 ga Satumban shekarar 1953, Allal ben Abdallah ya yi ƙoƙari ya kashe Mohammed Ben Aarafa, wanda Faransanci suka sanya shi a matsayin sarki.<ref name=":2"/> A ranar 24 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1953 (Kirsimeti Hauwa'u) ɗan ƙasar Morocco Muhammad Zarqtuni ya jefa bam a Kasuwar Tsakiya ta Casablanca, wanda masu mulkin mallaka na Turai ke yawan zuwa. Juriya ta mulkin mallaka ba ta keɓanta ga jam'iyyar bourgeois Istiklal ko sel sirrin birni na Moroccan Nationalist Movement ; a cikin 1955, mayakan gwagwarmaya [[Abzinawa|na Amazigh]] sun shirya wani hari kan Turawa da ke zaune a Oued Zem da Khuribga . Faransa ta mayar da martani da jiragen sama, tankunan yaki, da sojojin kasa, inda ta kawo wasu daga Indochina na Faransa . <ref name=":3" /> A bin misalin kungiyar 'yantar da 'yanci [[Aljeriya|ta Aljeriya]] (FLN), kungiyar 'yan kishin kasa ta Moroko ta kirkiro wata runduna ta 'yan ta'adda, sojojin Moroko na 'yanci ( Arabic ), wata rundunar soji karkashin jagorancin Abbas Messaadi a arewacin Maroko a watan Oktobar 1955. <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":3" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2012 |title=L'assassinat de Messaâdi |url=https://zamane.ma/fr/lassassinat-de-messaadi/ |access-date=7 November 2019 |website=Zamane |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ƴancin kai == A karkashin matsin lamba kuma sun rasa iko da kasar, hukumomin Faransa sun cire Ben Arafa kuma an tilasta musu yin shawarwari tare da Sultan da ke gudun hijira. Tattaunawar a Taron Aix-les-Bains tare da "wakilan ra'ayin jama'ar Maroko" ya faru ne a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta 1955, amma waɗannan ba su da tasiri sosai.<ref name=":3" /> An ci gaba da tattaunawa a Antsirabe a watan Satumba. A watan Oktoba, an yi wani shiri wanda ya hada da "Throne Council" na wucin gadi na masu goyon bayan Faransa, kamar Muhammad al-Muqri, amma wannan ra'ayin nan da nan ne Jam'iyyar Istiqlal da ra'ayi gaba ɗaya a titunan Maroko suka ƙi shi.<ref name=":3" /> Daga Paris, Mohammed V ya yi jawabi ga Maroko, yana alkawarin sake fasalin da za su kawo kasar zuwa ga "jiha ta dimokuradiyya da ta dogara da mulkin mallaka". Musulmai sun taru a masallatai a ranar Jumma'a mai zuwa don jin wa'azin Jumma'ar Mohammed V, yayin da majalisar malamai ta Maroko ta taru a Rabat kuma ta ba da sanarwar farin ciki. A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1955, Mohammed V ya isa Maroko. Ya sanar da ƙarshen kariya ta Faransa, kuma ta hanyar wakili, ƙarshen "ƙananan jihadi" (Arabic: ), wanda ya danganta da samun 'yancin kai. A lokaci guda, ya sanar da farkon "babban jihadi" (Arabic: ), wanda aka yi niyya ne don gina sabuwar Morocco. Tattaunawar tsakanin Faransa da Maroko ta ci gaba a watan Fabrairu da Maris na shekara ta 1956, tare da tsohon ya ba da shawarar cewa Maroko ta zama "jiha mai zaman kanta da ke da alaƙa da Faransa ta hanyar dindindin na dogaro da juna," yayin da ƙarshen ya tura don soke Yarjejeniyar Fes ta 1912. An sanya hannu kan sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Franco-Moroccan a ranar 2 ga Maris 1956, kodayake kimanin sojojin Faransa 100,000 sun kasance a ƙasar Morocco a lokacin. Spain ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da Morocco a watan Afrilun 1956 don barin Yankin arewa, amma ba ta janye dakarunta daga Tarfaya da Sidi Ifni a cikin Sahara ba har tsawon shekaru 20, yayin da [[Ceuta]] da Melilla suka kasance a hannun Mutanen Espanya har zuwa yau. A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1956, an shirya taron kasa da kasa a Fedala don gudanar da maido da [[Tanja|Tangier]]. == Bayan samun 'yancin kai == Bayan dan lokaci da samun ƴancin kai a shekara ta 1956, haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Mohammed V da Ƙungiyar Ƴan Gwagwarmayar Ƴancin Maroko ta fara rugujewa. Gibin iko da ya biyo bayan ficewar gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka ya fi maye gurbinsa ne da Sarki, yayin da Kungiyar 'Yan Gwagwarmaya ta koma sahun adawa. Sarki ya samu nasarar karbe iko ta hanyar janyo wasu muhimman shugabanni daga cikin Kungiyar 'Yan Gwagwarmaya da kuma cibiyarta ta kasa da kasa. <ref name=":4" /> Ranar Tunawa da Juyin Juya Halin Sarki da Jama'a rana ce ta hutu a kasa baki ɗaya a Maroko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mirzaliyeva |first=Maysara |date=2022-07-01 |title=Anniversary of the Revolution of the King and the People |url=https://nationaltoday.com/anniversary-of-the-revolution-of-the-king-and-the-people/ |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=National Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=El Masaiti |first=Amira |title=Why Moroccans Celebrate 'the Revolution of the King and the People' |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2017/08/226506/moroccans-celebrate-revolution-king-people |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=moroccoworldnews |language=en}}</ref> Wannan rana ce daga cikin ranakun da Sarkin Maroko ke gabatar da jawabi ta gidan talabijin tare da bayar da afuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kasraoui |first=Safaa |title=King Mohammed VI To Deliver Speech in Honor of Revolution of King and People |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/08/343997/king-mohammed-vi-to-deliver-speech-in-honor-of-revolution-of-king-and-people |date=2021-08-20 |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=moroccoworldnews |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Aamari |first=Oussama |date= |title=Revolution of the King and the People: King Mohammed VI Pardons 653 People |work=Morocco World News |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2023/08/357167/revolution-of-the-king-and-the-people-king-mohammed-vi-pardons-653-people}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Yuni 2023, an sanar da cewa Sarki Mohammed VI ba zai gabatar da jawabi ga kasa ba a waccan shekarar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-30 |title=Spokesman of the Royal Palace on 'King and Peoples' revolution' celebrations |url=https://en.hespress.com/66695-spokesman-of-the-royal-palace-on-king-and-peoples-revolution-celebrations.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=HESPRESS English - Morocco News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zouiten |first=Sara |title=King Mohammed VI To Not Deliver Speech on Revolution of King and People Anniversary |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2023/06/356209/king-mohammed-vi-to-not-deliver-speech-on-revolution-of-king-and-people-anniversary |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=moroccoworldnews |language=en}}</ref> Shay Hazkani ya bayyana gwagwarmayar Yahudawan Maroko da wariyar launin fata daga Ashkenazi a Isra'ila wadda ta kai ga tarzomar Wadi Salib a matsayin ci gaba da tasirin ra'ayin juyin juya hali da suka rika gudanarwa lokacin gwagwarmayar kawar da mulkin mallaka na Faransa a Maroko. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hazkani |first=Shay |date=2023 |title="Our Cruel Polish Brothers": Moroccan Jews between Casablanca and Wadi Salib, 1956–59 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/901512 |journal=Jewish Social Studies |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=41–74 |doi=10.2979/jewisocistud.28.2.02 |issn=1527-2028|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ah05zd17loqzdh1m02s6mnmrnh1ntuc 0 101366 827807 827330 2026-04-29T19:08:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827807 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Josie Mpama''' (21 Maris 1903 - 3 Disamba 1979), an haife shi '''Josephine Palmer''', ya kasance mai adawa da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu kuma mai fafutukar aiki. Mai fafutukar adawa da wariyar launin fata da kuma kare hakkin ma'aikata da na mata, an dauke ta mace baƙar fata ta farko da ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Afirka ta Kudu. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Josephine Palmer a shekara ta 1903 a Potchefstroom a cikin abin da aka sani da Transvaal Colony, yanzu Lardin Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka ta Kudu.<ref name=":0"/> Iyayenta sune Georgina Garson da Stephen Bonny Mpama, mai fassara gwamnati.<ref name=":0" /> Ta bayyana kanta a matsayin mai launi; mahaifinta Zulu ne, kodayake iyalinsa sun bar al'ummarsu kuma sun tuba zuwa Kiristanci, kuma mahaifiyarta Mfengu, [[Al'ummar Afrikaner|Afrikaner]], da moSotho ce.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2016-08-25 |title=60 Iconic Women — The people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria (21-30) |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-08-25-60-iconic-women-the-people-behind-the-1956-womens-march-to-pretoria-21-30/ |access-date=6 January 2021 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Josesphine "Josie" Mpama |url=http://www.nhmsa.co.za/ |access-date=6 January 2021 |website=National Heritage Monument |archive-date=25 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125071001/http://www.nhmsa.co.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An san ta da gari ɓangare na rayuwarta a matsayin Josie Palmer, ta amfani da Anglicized version na sunan karshe na mahaifinta Zulu. Ta fara amfani da sunan Mpama daga baya, a kan ƙaura zuwa wani baƙar fata, amma ta yi amfani da sunayen biyu a duk rayuwarta, dangane da wani ɓangare na inda take zaune.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":2"/> Mpama ta girma ne a Sophiatown, a wajen [[Johannesburg]], kafin ta koma Potchefstroom a 1921. Iyayenta sun sake aure lokacin da take 'yar shekara bakwai, kuma daga ƙarshe dole ne ta kula da kanta da mahaifiyarta ta hanyar aiki a matsayin bawa ga iyalan fararen fata.<ref name=":0"/> == Yunkurin fafutuka == A ƙarshen shekarun 1920, Mpama ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata baƙar fata na farko da suka shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Afirka ta Kudu, magajin Jam'iyyar Kaminis ta Kudu. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta shiga, ta zama sakatariyar reshen Jam'iyyar Kwaminis na Potchefstroom . <ref name=":0"/><ref name=":2"/> A cikin 1928, ta jagoranci kamfen game da buƙatar mazauna baƙar fata na yankin Potchefstroom don samun izinin mai masauki ga duk wanda ya zauna a gidajensu, gami da yaransu masu girma. Ta ci gaba da yin kamfen game da wasu mazaunan wariyar launin fata da ƙuntatawa na tafiye-tafiye.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":3"/> Mpama ta kuma shiga cikin rikice-[[Ƙauracewa Beer Hall|Rikicin Beer Hall]] na 1929. A farkon shekarun aikinta na siyasa, ta yi wanki ga iyalai masu farin don samun kuɗi. An tilasta mata da mijinta su bar Potchefstroom a 1931, kuma sun koma Johannesburg. Ta shiga Ofishin Siyasa na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a 1937 sannan kuma Kwamitin Tsakiya. Ta kuma zama memba na kwamitin jam'iyyar Johannesburg a cikin shekarun 1940 kuma ta kasance jagora a sashin mata na jam'iyyar.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":3"/> Mpama ya rubuta wa Umsebenzi, hukumar yada labarai ta Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, a cikin 1920s da '30s, yana nuna gwagwarmayar ma'aikatan baƙar fata. Ta kasance mai fafutukar goyon bayan ƙungiyar kwadago kuma ta yi gwagwarmaya don kara albashi ga malamai.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=van Rensburg |first=Fanie (N.S.) Jansen |date=May 2012 |title=Protest by Potchefstroom native location's residents against dominance, 1904 to 1950 |url=http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/hist/v57n1/02.pdf |journal=Historia |volume=57: 1 |pages=22–41}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roth |first=Mia |date=1996-01-01 |title=Josie Mpama: The contribution of a largely forgotten figure in the South African liberation struggle |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00232089685310101 |journal=Kleio |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=120–136 |doi=10.1080/00232089685310101 |issn=0023-2084 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A shekara ta 1935, ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Moscow]] don halartar Taron Duniya na Bakwai na Kwaminisanci na Duniya da kuma karatu a Jami'ar Kwaminisancin Toilers na Gabas . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 1903 |title=Josie Palmer Mpama |url=https://ourconstitution.constitutionhill.org.za/josie-palmer-mpama/ |access-date=2021-01-06 |website=Our Constitution |language=en-US}}</ref> Ayyukan Mpama sun haɗa da gwagwarmayar kare hakkin mata. A shekara ta 1947, ta taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar [[Transvaal All Women’s Union|Transvaal All Women's Union]], ta zama sakatariyar kungiyar ta farko. Daga nan sai ta taimaka wajen gano Tarayyar Mata ta Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 1954, daga ƙarshe ta jagoranci reshen Transvaal.<ref name=":0"/> == Shekaru na baya == Mpama ya fuskanci matsin lamba daga hukumomi, gami da umarnin haramta a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 da kuma kama shi a shekarar 1960. Daga bisani aka tilasta mata ta koma baya daga ayyukan siyasa saboda haramtacciyar doka da matsalolin kiwon lafiya. Ta shafe shekarunta na ƙarshe tana shirya kungiyoyin mata a cocin ta.<ref name=":0"/> Mpama ta mutu a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1979, bayan mota ta buge ta yayin da take jiran karbar fansho.<ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Mpama ta auri Thabo Edwin Mofutsanyana, jagora a [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka]] da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Afirka ta Kudu, a cikin shekarun 1920.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Josie Palmer |url=https://sahistory.org.za/people/josie-palmer |access-date=6 August 2023 |website=South African History Online}}</ref><ref name=":3"/> Saboda an rarraba Mofutsanyana a matsayin Afirka a ƙarƙashin dokokin wariyar launin fata yayin da aka rarraba Mpama a matsayin mai launi, haɗin gwiwarsu ta doka ta keta dokokin wariyar jinsi. Ma'auratan sun rabu a ƙarshen shekarun 1930.<ref name=":1" /> Ta haifi 'yarta ta farko, Carol, tare da wani mutum mai launi a Doornfontein a shekarar 1920. Daga nan sai ta haifi 'yarta ta biyu, Francis, tare da wani mutum a 1926. Tare da Mofutsanyana, ta haifi wata 'yar, Hilda, a cikin 1928.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-01-16 |title=2. Potchefstroom: A Fighting Location |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/2-potchefstroom-fighting-location |access-date=2021-01-06 |website=South African History Online}}</ref> Daga baya ta haifi ɗa, Dennis, mai yiwuwa samfurin wani al'amari da Musa Kotane. Mpama ta kasance mai bin Anglican, kuma tana da murya a cikin imanin cewa babu wata sabani tsakanin bangaskiyarta ta Kirista da jajircewarta ga [[Kwaminisanci]]. == Sanarwa == A shekara ta 2004, ta sami lambar yabo ta Order of Luthuli in Silver saboda gwagwarmayarta game da wariyar launin fata da kuma goyon bayan 'yancin ma'aikata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Josie (Palmer) Mpama (1903 - 1979) |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/josie-palmer-mpama-1903-1979 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604074300/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/josie-palmer-mpama-1903-1979 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=7 January 2021 |website=The Presidency Republic of South Africa}}</ref> An wakilta ta da wani mutum-mutumi a Gidan Tarihi na Kasa a cikin Gidan Tsaro na Groenkloof . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Long March to Freedom |url=http://www.nhmsa.co.za/ |access-date=2021-01-07 |website=National Heritage Monument |archive-date=2022-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125071001/http://www.nhmsa.co.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1979]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1903]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i00eodeu1gpltu24irk3dfu9wtib94i 0 101394 827832 625530 2026-04-29T20:37:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Julia Tukai Zvobgo''' (an haife shi Julia Tukai Whande; 8 ga Nuwamba 1937 &#x2013; 16 ga Fabrairu 2004) 'yar gwagwarmaya ce kuma 'yar siyasa [[Zimbabwe|'yar ƙasar Zimbabwe]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sachiti |first=Roselyne |title=The mothers of Zim's revolution |url=http://www.herald.co.zw/the-mothers-of-zims-revolution/ |website=www.chronicle.co.zw/}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Julia ita ce ta uku da aka haifa a cikin iyali na 'yan mata biyar da maza biyu. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Our national heroes |url=http://www.chronicle.co.zw/our-national-heroes/ |website=www.chronicle.co.zw/}}</ref> Ta yi karatun firamare a makarantun mishan guda uku, daga baya ta wuce Tegwani don yin karatun sakandare, sannan ta shiga aikin horar da malamai a Gutu Mission. <ref name="auto" /> Ta cancanci zama malama a shekarar 1958, sannan ta wuce Usher Mission a shekarar 1961, inda ta yi karatun difloma a Kimiyyar Cikin Gida. <ref name="auto" /> Yayin da take Usher, ta haɗu da mijinta na gaba Cde Eddison Jonas Mudadirwa Zvobgo, wanda ba da daɗewa ba zai tafi Amurka don yin karatu a Jami'ar Tufts da ke Massachusetts kan tallafin karatu. <ref name="auto" /> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan sun yi aure, ta sami ciki da ɗanta na fari Kerina, kuma a sakamakon haka ta zauna a gida tare da danginta a [[Shurugwi]]. <ref name="auto" /> == Aikin siyasa == Farkon abin da Julia Zvobgo ta fuskanta game da zaluncin wariyar launin fata shine lokacin da ta ga yadda aka kama mijinta, sannan ta dawo daga Amurka. <ref name="herald.co.zw">{{Cite web |title=The mothers of Zim's revolution - The Herald |url=http://www.herald.co.zw/the-mothers-of-zims-revolution/ |access-date=11 July 2017 |website=www.herald.co.zw}}</ref> Daga baya aka yankewa mijinta hukuncin ɗaurin watanni 18 a gidan yari. Bayan zama memba na [[ZANU-PF|Zanu]] a lokacin kafuwarta a watan Agustan 1963, Zvobgo da sauran 'yan mata sun ɗauki nauyin mulkin wariyar launin fata na 'yan mulkin mallaka wanda ya kai kololuwa a ƙarƙashin Rhodesian Front. <ref name="herald.co.zw" /> Haramcin Zanu a shekarar 1964 ya sa aka tsare mijinta kuma aka tsare shi tsawon shekaru shida a Sikombela da sauran sansanonin ɗauri a faɗin ƙasar. <ref name="herald.co.zw" /> A sakamakon haka, ta tafi Birtaniya. Daga shekarar 1968-1971 ta yi karatu a Burtaniya da Hillcroft a Surrey. Daga baya, a kan tallafin karatu na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, ta kammala difloma a cikin Gudanar da Gudanarwa a Leeds Polytechnic. <ref name="auto"/> Daga nan ta ci gaba da karatunta na gaba a shekarar 1975 a ƙasar Amurka inda mijinta yake karatu da koyarwa. A shekarar 1977 ta samu digirin digirgir (BA) a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga jami'ar Lewis dake Illinois ta ƙasar Amurka. Sa’ad da mijinta ya tafi Mozambique don ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar ’yanci, Zvobgo ta koma karatu a Jami’ar Notre Dame da ke Indiana. A watan Agusta 1978 ta sami digiri na biyu na Kimiyya a Gudanarwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |title=The University of Notre Dame 1978 Commencement August 4 |url=http://www.archives.nd.edu/Commencement/1978-08-04_Commencement.pdf |page=16 |access-date=2025-06-01 |archive-date=2025-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601190427/https://www.archives.nd.edu/Commencement/1978-08-04_Commencement.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yunkurin da Zvobgo ta yi ga danginta da kimar kishin ƙasa ya sa ta jimre da cin zarafi da azabtarwa a hannun jami’an tsaro na Rhodesia waɗanda ke zarginta da safarar saƙon siyasa zuwa da kuma daga mijinta da aka tsare da kuma abokan aikinsa. <ref name="herald.co.zw"/> Daga shekarar 1968-1978 Julia ta yi karatu a ƙasashen waje sannan daga baya ta shiga hannun mijinta a fagen gwagwarmaya a Mozambik inda aka zaɓe ta sakatariyar harkokin mata. <ref name="herald.co.zw" /> Ta halarci matsalolin mata a sansanonin soja da na ’yan gudun hijira kuma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin majagaba na Ƙungiyar Mata. <ref name="herald.co.zw" /> Zvobgo tana cikin ruƙuni na farko na 'yan jam'iyyar Zanu-PF da suka koma Zimbabwe a watan Disambar 1979 bayan taron majalisar Lancaster. <ref name="herald.co.zw"/> Ta kasance cikin daraktan zaɓe kuma ta taimaka wajen buɗe babban ofishin jam’iyyar a titin 88 Manica Road (yanzu Robert Mugabe Road). <ref name="auto"/> An ɗaure ta na tsawon makonni biyu a lokacin yakin neman zabe na shekarar 1980 bisa zarginta da taimakawa sojojin Zanla a yankin Zvishavane kuma an sake ta ne kawai bayan zaɓen. <ref name="herald.co.zw" /> An zabi Julia MP a mazaɓar Midlands na Zvishavane a zaɓen 1980 mai tarihi kuma an zaɓe ta sakatariyar yaɗa labarai da bayanai a cikin kungiyar mata a shekarar 1984. <ref name="auto" /> Cde Zvobgo yai kasance mamba a kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar Zanu-PF a cikin shekaru goma na farko na 'yancin kai na Zimbabwe. <ref name="herald.co.zw"/> An zaɓe ta Sakatariyar Yaɗa Labarai da Watsa Labarai a Kungiyar Mata a shekarar 1984 kuma ta sake zaɓar MP ga Zvishavane a shekarar 1985. Ta yi ritaya daga siyasa mai himma a cikin shekarar 1990 don mai da hankali kan kasuwancin iyali. <ref name="herald.co.zw" /> == Mutuwa da zikiri == Julia Zvobgo ta mutu a ranar Litinin, 15 ga watan Fabrairu, 2004, bayan bugun zuciya a gidanta na Kambanji a [[Harare]]. Hakan ya biyo bayan bugun jini da ta yi fama da shi a shekara ta 2003 yayin da take kula da mijinta da ke fama da rashin lafiya a birnin Cape Town na Afirka ta Kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2004 |title=Zimbabwe: President Consoles Zvobgo Family |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200402180115.html |access-date=11 July 2017 |publisher= |via=AllAfrica}}</ref> An bai wa Mrs Zvobgo babbar daraja ta zama mace ta huɗu - bayan Sally Mugabe da Joanna Nkomo (matar [[Joshua Nkomo]]) - da za a ayyana a matsayin Jaruma ta ƙasa. An yi jana'izar ta a wani wurin da ake kira National Heroes Acre, wurin da ake girmama masu fafutukar 'yancin kai na Zimbabwe. <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Alex |title=Eddison Zvobgo Ally turned critic of the Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/eddison-zvobgo-6162746.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714233143/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/eddison-zvobgo-6162746.html |archive-date=July 14, 2014 |website=[[Independent.co.uk]]}}</ref> An sanar da gidan talabijin na ZBC cewa [[Robert Mugabe|shugaba Mugabe]] ba zai halarci jana'izar ta ba saboda yana fama da ciwon kirji jim kaɗan bayan ya yi bikin cika shekaru 80 da haihuwa. Sai dai ana kyautata zaton shugaba Mugaben bai halarci jana'izar ba, domin kuwa yanzu haka ba sa jituwa da mijin Zvobgo, wanda shi ne makiyin Mugabe. <ref name="auto1" /> Eddison Zvobgo, mijinta, ya mutu watanni shida bayan rasuwarta. Julia Zvobgo memba ce ta Cocin Methodist. <ref name="auto"/> Ta rasu ta bar ‘ya’ya uku; Kerina, Eddison Junior, Tsungirirai, da jikoki takwas. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]] 6b9p2ay66hk5me3z5evf630f8n4qm07 0 102309 827806 732689 2026-04-29T19:06:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Cif Josiah Sunday Olawoyin''' (5 ga Fabrairu 1925 - 10 ga Oktoba 2000) ɗan siyasa Najeriya ne, ɗan jarida kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Asiwaju na farko na Offa tsakanin 25 ga Afrilu 1982 zuwa 10 ga Oktoba 2000. A cikin babban zaben 1979 ya kasance dan takarar Gwamna na Jam'iyyar Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) don zaben gwamna na Jihar Kwara wanda aka ayyana Adamu Atta na Jam'idar Kasa ta Najeriya (NPN) a matsayin mai nasara. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Olawoyin a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 1925 a [[Offa (Nijeriya)|Offa]], yankin Offa na [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] .Ya kasance ɗan kasuwa, ɗan jarida kuma ɗan siyasa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Opinion |date=2021-10-30 |title=Asiwaju of Offa: Who the cap fits? |url=https://punchng.com/asiwaju-of-offa-who-the-cap-fits/?amp |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == Olawoyin a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin yanki, memba na Majalisar Dokokin Yankin Arewa a Kaduna tsakanin 1956 da 1961. Ya kasance shugaban adawa a Majalisar Dokokin Yankin Arewa a lokacin. A lokacin zaben gwamna na 1979, ya kasance dan takarar gwamna na jihar Kwara. Ya ba da shawarar haɗakar lardunan [[Ilorin]] da Kabba, yana ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar jihar tare da babban birninta a Ilorin. Wannan ra'ayin ya sami goyon baya daga marigayi [[Abdulganiyu Abdulrasaq|AGF Abdul-Razaq]], mahaifin gwamnan zartarwa na yanzu na Jihar Kwara, Mallam [[Abdulrahman AbdulRazaq|AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]]. An kafa Jihar Kwara a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 1967, a matsayin Jihar Yammacin Tsakiya a lokacin mulkin soja. A shekara ta 1979, Olawoyin ya kasance dan takarar gwamna na jam'iyyar Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) a lokacin zaben gwamna, kuma ya sha kashi a hannun [[Adamu Atta]] na jam'ummar Najeriya (NPN). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adegbuyi |first=Temitope |date=2020-07-28 |title=Late Kwara governor's dad, a thoroughbred nationalist ― APC |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/late-kwara-governors-dad-a-thoroughbred-nationalist-%E2%80%95-apc/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Folorunsho Abdulrazaq: Reclaiming His Glory In Kwara, By Eric Teniola |url=https://opinion.premiumtimesng.com/2019/04/18/folorunsho-abdulrazaq-reclaiming-his-glory-in-kwara-by-eric-teniola/?tztc=1 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=opinion.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bankole |first=Idowu |date=2024-09-21 |title=Kwara 2027 gubernatorial election and the zoning controversy |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/09/kwara-2027-gubernatorial-election-and-the-zoning-controversy/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref>A watan Satumbar 1962, an tuhumi Olawoyin tare da wasu 30 a kotu tare da shugaban [[Obafemi Awolowo]] don cin amana kuma an wanke su daga zargin cin amana a watan Nuwamba 1963. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ifeoma |first=Peters |date=2018-12-10 |title=Judicial Verdicts That Shaped the Nation Politics {{!}} DNL Legal and Style |url=https://dnlpartners.ng/legalandstyle/2018/judicial-verdicts-that-shaped-the-nation-politics/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ranar haihuwar bayan mutuwarsa == Iyalin J.S. Olawoyin sun yi bikin cika shekaru 100 da haihuwa a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 2025, ta hanyar ƙaddamar da tushe da littafi don girmama shi. Littafin, mai taken "J.S. Olawoyin: A Century of Legacy and Leadership," wani littafi ne tare da gabatarwar da Banji Ogundele ya rubuta da kuma bita na Dokta Lasisi Olagunju. Wannan taron ya jawo manyan mutane da yawa, ciki har da Sanata [[Lola Ashiru|Yisa Oyelola Ashiru]], mataimakin shugaban majalisar dattijai wanda ke wakiltar Kwara ta Kudu a Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya. Sanata Ashiru ya bayyana Cif Olawoyin a matsayin "mai haske a cikin tsarin siyasa na Offa da Arewacin Najeriya na lokacin". Farfesa Yusuf Olaolu Ali (SAN) , mai haske na shari'a kuma shugaban taron kuma ya yi magana a taron. Ya yaba da aikin siyasa na Cif Olawoyin, yana lura da tasirinsa a mazabarsa da yankin da ya fi girma ya bayyana shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mutum mafi ban tsoro a sansanin adawa a lokacin rayuwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHIEF JS OLAWOYIN Archives |url=https://salientreporters.com.ng/tag/chief-js-olawoyin/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Salient Reporters |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Kwara Gov, Tinubu, Balarabe, others for Olawoyin memorial lecture |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/10/11/kwara-gov-tinubu-balarabe-others-for-olawoyin-memorial-lecture/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bankole |first=Idowu |date=2025-02-07 |title=Distinguished Nigerians converge on Offa to celebrate late Josiah Olawoyin with Book Launch, Post Humous Birthday |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/02/distinguished-nigerians-converge-on-offa-to-celebrate-late-josiah-olawoyin-with-book-launch-post-humous-birthday/amp/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Yarbawa yan siyasa]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]] n51ozpgnnvnikbjqiri6bsmp9bk9gnu 0 102338 827893 637713 2026-04-30T04:02:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kayan haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya sune Yarjejeniyoyi da sauran matani na ƙasa da ƙasa waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin tushen doka don dokar haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa ta duniya da kuma kare haƙƙin ɗanɗano gabaɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Core International Human Rights Instruments and their monitoring bodies |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/core-international-human-rights-instruments-and-their-monitoring-bodies |website=OHCHR}}</ref> Akwai nau'o'i daban-daban da yawa, amma mafi yawansu ana iya rarraba su cikin manyan rukunoni guda biyu: ''sanarwa'', waɗanda hukumomi kamar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta karɓa, waɗanda ke da yanayi na bayyanawa, don haka ba a ɗaure su bisa doka ba ko da yake suna iya zama masu iko a siyasa kuma ana girmama su sosai; kuma sau da yawa suna bayyana ka'idojin jagora; da kuma ''tarurruka'' waɗanda aka tsara su zama masu ɗaurewa bisa doka, yawanci sun haɗa da takamaiman harshe, kuma yawanci ana kammala su ta hanyar dogon lokaci wanda ke buƙatar tabbatarwa ta kowace majalisa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Druzin |first=Bryan |year=2016 |title=Why does Soft Law have any Power anyway? |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307556145_Why_does_Soft_Law_Have_any_Power_Anyway |journal=Asian Journal of International Law |page=1}}</ref> Ƙananan sanannun wasu "samarwa" waɗanda suke kama da tarurruka a cikin yarjejeniya ta bangarori da yawa, duk da haka ba za a iya tabbatar da su ba, kuma suna aiki don saita ƙa'idodin gama gari.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Introduction to the standard-setting instruments of UNESCO |url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=23772&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html#name=1 |access-date=6 June 2017 |website=legal office website of UNESCO |publisher=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> Hakanan akwai jagororin gudanarwa waɗanda jihohi suka amince da su, da kuma ka'idojin kotuna ko wasu cibiyoyi. Wani takamaiman takardar magani ko ka'ida daga kowane ɗayan waɗannan kayan aiki na duniya na iya, a tsawon lokaci, samun matsayin dokar al'ada ta duniya ko wata jiha ta karɓa ko a'a, kawai saboda an san shi sosai kuma an bi shi tsawon lokaci. Za'a iya raba kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa zuwa kayan aikin duniya, wanda kowace jiha a duniya za ta iya zama jam'iyya, da kayan aikin yanki, waɗanda aka ƙuntata ga jihohi a wani yanki na duniya. Yawancin tarurruka da shawarwari (amma ƙananan sanarwa) sun kafa hanyoyin saka idanu da kafa hukumomi don kula da aiwatarwa. A wasu lokuta waɗannan ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ƙila suna da ƙarancin ikon siyasa ko hanyoyin shari'a, kuma jihohin membobin na iya watsi da su; a wasu lokuta waɗannan hanyoyin suna da ƙungiyoyi masu iko mai girma na siyasa kuma kusan koyaushe ana aiwatar da yanke shawara. Misali mai kyau na wannan shine Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai. Hanyoyin saka idanu sun bambanta game da matakin samun dama ga mutum don fallasa shari'o'in cin zarafi da rokon magunguna. A karkashin wasu tarurruka ko shawarwari - misali [[Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam|Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam]] - ana ba da izini ga mutane ko jihohi, dangane da wasu sharuɗɗa, don ɗaukar shari'o'i na mutum zuwa kotun da ta dace a matakin duniya. Wani lokaci, ana iya yin wannan a kotunan kasa saboda ikon duniya. Sanarwar Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Alkawari ta Duniya kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa, da Alkawari na Duniya kan' Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu tare da sauran kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa ana kiransu "Bill na' Yancin Dan Adam na Duniya". OHCHR <ref>{{Cite web |title=OHCHR |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/UniversalHumanRightsInstruments.aspx |access-date=6 June 2017 |website=OHCHR Universal Human Rights Instruments |publisher=OHCHR |language=en}}</ref> ce ta gano kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa kuma mafi yawansu ana ambaton su a shafin yanar gizon OHCHR. == Bayyanawa == === Duniya === * [[Sanarwar 'Yancin Yara]] 1923 * [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya]] (UN, 1948) * Sanarwar 'Yancin nakasassu (UN, 1975) * Sanarwar kan 'Yancin Ci Gaban (bincike na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da aka buga a 1979; Sanarwar Majalisar Dinkinobho da aka ayyana a 1986) * [[Sanarwar Vienna da Shirin Aiki]] ([[Taron Duniya kan Hakkokin Dan Adam|Taron Duniya kan 'Yancin Dan Adam]], 1993) * Sanarwar Beijing da Platform for Action (Taron Duniya na huɗu kan Mata, 1995) * Sanarwar Ayyuka da Hakki na Dan Adam ([[UNESCO]], 1998) * Sanarwar Duniya kan Bambancin Al'adu ([[UNESCO]], 2001) * Sanarwar kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar (UN, 2007) * Sanarwar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] game da yanayin jima'i da jinsi (UN, 2008) * === Yankin: Amurka === * Sanarwar Amurka game da 'Yancin da Ayyukan Mutum (OAS, 1948) * Sanarwar Amurka kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar (OAS, 2016) === Yankin: Asiya === * Sanarwar Ayyuka na asali na Mutanen ASEAN da Gwamnatoci (Kwamitin Yankin kan 'Yancin Dan Adam a Asiya, 1983) * [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]_Human_Rights_Declaration" id="mwXw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="ASEAN Human Rights Declaration">Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta ASEAN (ASEAN, 2009) === Yankin: Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam a cikin Islama ([[Ƙungiyar Haɗin kan Musulmai|OIC]],1990) == Taron da aka yi == === Duniya === A cewar OHCHR, akwai manyan kayan aikin ''core'' hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa 9 da kuma wasu ka'idojin zaɓaɓɓu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Core International Human Rights Instruments and their monitoring bodies |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/core-international-human-rights-instruments-and-their-monitoring-bodies |website=ohchr.org |agency=OHCHR}}</ref> * Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'o'in nuna bambanci na launin fata (ICERD, 21 ga Disamba 1965) * Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa (ICCPR, 16 ga Disamba 1966) * Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a, da Al'adu (ICESCR, 16 Disamba 1966) * Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'o'in nuna bambanci ga mata (CEDAW, 18 ga Disamba 1979) * Yarjejeniyar da ke adawa da azabtarwa da sauran zalunci, rashin mutunci ko wulakanci (CAT, 10 Disamba 1984) * [[Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara]] (CRC, 20 Nuwamba 1989) * [[Kariyar Ma'aikata Matafiya|Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Kare Hakkin Dukkanin Ma'aikatan Mutanen da ke ƙaura da membobin Iyalai]] (ICMW, 18 Disamba 1990) * Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa don Kare Dukkanin Mutane daga Kashewa (CPED, 20 Disamba 2006) * [[Yarjejeniya kan Haƙƙin masu lalura ta musamman|Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Mutanen da ke da nakasa]] (CRPD, 13 Disamba 2006) Akwai wasu kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam da yawa. Wasu misalai: * Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Kaddamarwa da Hukuncin Laifin wariyar launin fata (ICSPCA) * [[Kariyar Ma'aikata Matafiya|Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Kare Hakkin Dukkanin Ma'aikatan Mutanen da ke ƙaura da membobin Iyalai]] * Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Yarjejeniyar Da ta shafi Matsayi na'Yan Gudun Gudun HijiriYarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira * Yarjejeniyar kan Rage Rashin Kasuwanci * Yarjejeniyar kan Rigakafi da Hukuncin Laifin Kisan kare dangi * Yarjejeniyar 'yan asalin ƙasar da kabilanci, 1989 (ILO 169) * Taron HURIDOCS na farko (HURIDO CS, 24 ga Yuli 1982) * Yarjejeniyar SOS-Torture (OMCT, 14 ga Afrilu 1983) === Yankin: Afirka === * [[Yarjejeniya Ta Afirka Kan Hakkokin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a|Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] (Yuni, 1981) * Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan 'Yancin da Lafiyar Yara (1990) * Yarjejeniyar Maputo (11 ga Yuli 2003) * Yarjejeniyar Matasan Afirka (30 ga Yuni, 2006) * Yarjejeniyar nakasassu ta Afirka (Yuni 30,2019) * Yarjejeniyar Jima'i ta SADC (wanda aka sake fasalin ya fara aiki a shekarar 2018) === Yankin: Amurka === * Yarjejeniyar Amurka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam * Yarjejeniyar Amurka don hanawa da azabtarwa * Yarjejeniyar Amurka game da bacewar mutane * Yarjejeniyar Amurka kan Rigakafi, Hukunce-hukunce, da Ƙaddamar da Cin zarafin Mata * Yarjejeniyar Amurka kan kawar da dukkan nau'o'in nuna bambanci ga mutanen da ke da nakasa === Yankin: Turai === * Yarjejeniyar Hakki na Musamman na Tarayyar Turai * Yarjejeniyar kan Aiki game da Cin Hanci da Mutane * Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Kasar * Yarjejeniyar Turai don Yankin ko Harsunan Ƙananan (ECRML) * [[Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam|Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam]] (ECHR) * Yarjejeniyar Turai don Rigakafin azabtarwa da Rashin Halitta ko Rashin Hukunci (CPT) * Yarjejeniyar Jama'a ta Turai (ESC), da kuma Yarjejeniyar Harkokin Jama'a da aka sake fasalin * Yarjejeniyar Tsarin don Kare Ƙananan Ƙasa (FCNM) === Yankin: Gabas ta Tsakiya === * [[Yarjejeniya Ta Larabawa Kan Hakkokin Dan Adam|Yarjejeniyar Larabawa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam]] (ACHR) (22 ga Mayu 2004) == Manazarta == {{reflist}} ==Mahaɗa== *[http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/index.htm International Human Rights Instruments - U.N. list] *[http://www.ijrcenter.org International Justice Resource Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106115850/https://ijrcenter.org/ |date=2022-01-06 }} News and resources for international human rights law ivazdd5odyikci70x8uqab05s3put44 0 103089 827903 657683 2026-04-30T05:18:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kesaveloo Goonam''', wanda kuma aka sani da '''Kesaveloo Goonaruthnum Naidoo''' (1906 &#x2013; 1998) likita ce na Afirka ta Kudu kuma mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata. An kuma kira ta "Coolie Doctor", wanda ya zama taken tarihin rayuwarta a shekarar 1991. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dr K Goonam Oral History Interview |url=http://scnc.ukzn.ac.za/doc/Audio/VOR/GoonamK/GoonamKbackground.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112142448/https://scnc.ukzn.ac.za/doc/Audio/VOR/GoonamK/GoonamKbackground.htm |archive-date=12 January 2023 |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=scnc.ukzn.ac.za}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Kesaveloo Goonaruthnum Naidoo a titin May, [[Durban]]. Mahaifiyarta Thangatchee Naidoo 'yar ƙasar [[Moris|Mauritius]] ce, kuma an haifi mahaifinta RK Naidoo a Indiya. Tana zuwa makarantar Tamil Sathia Gnama Sabbaiat, amma kuma ta halarci makarantar Turanci. Ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa na iyayenta suna nufin cewa ta haɗu da [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas K. Gandhi]], Annie Besant, Strinivasa Sastri, [[M.L Sultan|ML Sultan]] da Monty Naicker da sauransu a matsayin yarinya. Ta tafi makarantar likitanci a [[Scotland]] a Jami'ar Edinburgh a ranar 8 ga watan Maris 1928, kuma ta dawo tare da digirinta zuwa Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1936 don kafa aikin likita a titin Grey. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Goonum |url=http://www.literarytourism.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=411:dr-goonum&catid=13:authors&Itemid=28 |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=www.literarytourism.co.za |archive-date=2020-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729102240/http://www.literarytourism.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=411:dr-goonum&catid=13:authors&Itemid=28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=17 February 2011 |title=Dr. Kesaveloo Goonaruthnum Naidoo (Dr Goonam) {{!}} South African History Online |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dr-kesaveloo-goonaruthnum-naidoo-dr-goonam |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref> Ita ce macen Indiya likita ta farko a Afirka ta Kudu. == Aiki == Da farko, ta gamu da wariyar launin fata wanda ya hana ta shiga aikin asibiti sakamakon kin karɓar umarni daga wani likitan Indiya. <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Ferry |first=Georgina |date=July 2020 |title=Kesaveloo Goonaruthnum Naidoo: anti-apartheid campaigner |journal=The Lancet |volume=396 |issue=10246 |pages=231 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31595-6 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=32711787 |s2cid=220715177}}</ref> Bayan haka, ta kafa aikin likita a tsakanin mata baƙar fata da Asiya a Durban, waɗanda suka koyi cewa "Dr. Goonam" zai biya buƙatun su, musamman na kiwon lafiyar haihuwa, tare da fahimta da hankali. Ta shiga cikin kungiyoyi irin su Welfare Child and Friends of the Sick Association (FOSA). A cikin shekarar 1939, ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar [[Ƙungiyar da ba ta Turai ba|ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu]] waɗanda aka kafa a Natal. <ref name=":3"/> Ta kuma kasance mai aiki tare da Natal Indian Congress, kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa kuma daga baya ta zama shugabar riƙo. <ref name=":2"/> Ta zama memba na kwamitin The Anti Segregation Council (ASC), tare da Monty Naicker a matsayin shugaba wanda aka kafa don adawa da rabuwa na son rai a ranar 28 ga watan Afrilu 1944. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=25 January 2016 |title=1946 Indian Passive Resistance timeline {{!}} South African History Online |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/1946-indian-passive-resistance-timeline |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref> A kan [[Passive Resistance Campaign 1946|Gangamin Juriya na Motsawa na Indiya 1946]] wanda ya yi adawa da Yankin Yankin Asiya da Dokar Wakilci ta Indiya, 1946, ta zama jagorar tafiya na rana ta uku na kamfen tare da [[Michael Scott (firist)|Rev Michael Scott]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dee H |title=Kesaveloo Goonam – UncoverED |url=http://uncover-ed.org/kesaveloo-goonam/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925111638/http://uncover-ed.org/kesaveloo-goonam/ |archive-date=25 September 2020 |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=uncover-ed.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta zama ɗaya daga cikin masu sa kai da aka ɗaure a kotu, kuma a wata kotun ta ta ce, "Na amsa laifin da ake yi kuma na nemi kotu ta yanke hukuncin da ya dace da doka ta ba da izini. . . . A mamaye sansanin 'yan adawa ina zanga-zangar adawa da waccan doka ta zalunci da lalata da aka yi kwanan nan a kan jama'ata da ba su da hannu wajen tsara ta. Dokar ta haifar da bala'i, rugujewa da kuma bayar da gudunmawa ga jama'ar Kudu don ciyar da kasarmu gaba ɗaya. Afirka ana tunatar da mu akai-akai, ita ce ƙasa mai mulkin demokraɗiyya.... Ina nan don tabbatar da wannan fassarar dimokuraɗiyya". <ref name=":0"/> A ranar 29 ga watan Yunin 1946, an yanke wa Dr. Goonam hukuncin watanni shida tare da yin aiki mai tsanani na kwanaki bakwai, baya ga aikin wahala na kwanaki bakwai da aka dakatar har na tsawon watanni uku wanda aka yanke mata hukuncin a ƙarƙashin dokar zaman taro na Riotous a ranar 25 ga watan Yuni 1946. Sai dai bayan watanni huɗu an dakatar da hukuncin. <ref name=":6"/> An ɗaure Goonam sau 17 a gidan yari saboda ayyukanta na siyasa. <ref name=":3"/> A cikin shekarun 1950, ta taimaki mataimakiyar ministar kiwon lafiya ta Indiya da Sushila Nayyar don kula da shirye-shiryen tsarin iyali a matsayin kwamitin gwamnati a New Delhi. <ref name=":4"/> Ayyukanta na siyasa sun ci gaba, ciki har da tarurrukan da ke cikin ofisoshin likitancinta a shekarar 1961 tare da Theo Kloppenberg, Eleanor Kasrils, [[Poomoney Moodley]]. Ta bar Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Ingila a shekarar 1978 don guje wa tsangwama daga jami'in tsaro don kare lafiyarta. Kafin ta tafi, ta kafa Taimakawa Hand Society don taimakawa dangi wanda aka jefar daga Clairwood da Cato Manor zuwa Chatsworth. Ta ci gaba da aikin likitanci ga 'yan gudun hijirar Indiya daga [[Uganda]] da [[Kenya]], kafin ta koma [[Asturaliya|Australia]] da [[Zimbabwe]]. <ref name=":4"/> Ta koma Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1990, bayan an sako [[Nelson Mandela]] daga gidan yari. Ta kaɗa kuri'a a zaɓen Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994. <ref name=":0"/> Har ila yau, a cikin shekarar 1994, ta yi kira da a rushe Natal Indian Congress, tana mai cewa "yanzu ne lokacin da ya kamata." <ref>{{Cite web |date=1994-09-02 |title=100 Years Of Solidarity Now It's Time To Die |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1994-09-02-100-years-of-solidarity-now-its-time-to-die/ |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ta buga tarihin rayuwarta, ''Coolie Doctor'', a cikin shekarar 1991. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Activist Archive |url=https://africanactivist.msu.edu/audio.php?objectid=32-12E-3 |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=africanactivist.msu.edu}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri da martaba == Ta haifi 'ya'ya uku kuma ta zama uwa ɗaya. Kesaveloo Goonam ya mutu a ranar 21 ga watan Satumba 1998, yana da shekara 92. Wani titi a cikin Babban Kasuwancin Durban, ''Dr Goonam Street'', an sake masa suna a cikin shekarar 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Durban street renaming proposals |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/durban-street-renaming-proposals-400532}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga watan Yuli 2016, Ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai na Kwalejin Sastri ta gudanar da wani abin tunawa mai ban mamaki na Yakin Neman Juriya na shekarar 1946 da dasa bishiya don girmama ta a Resistance Park a Durban. A cikin shekarar 2019, Jami'ar Edinburgh School of Social and Political Sciences ta zaɓi sunan sabon ginin PhD da aka ƙirƙira bayan Dr Goonam a Dandalin George. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-18 |title=UncoverED launch second phase of exhibition |url=https://global.ed.ac.uk/features/uncovered-launch-second-phase |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729135506/https://global.ed.ac.uk/features/uncovered-launch-second-phase |archive-date=29 July 2020 |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=Edinburgh Global |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://africanactivist.msu.edu/audio.php?objectid=32-12E-3 Tattaunawar tarihin baki tare da Goonam], wanda aka gudanar a Durban a shekara ta 1954, daga Tarihin Masu Gwagwarmayar Afirka * [http://scnc.ukzn.ac.za/doc/B/Gs/Biography_GOs/Goonam-K_Passive_Resistance_1946/Pages%20from%20Goonam-K-4.pdf tarin takardun jarida] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112142452/https://scnc.ukzn.ac.za/doc/B/Gs/Biography_GOs/Goonam-K_Passive_Resistance_1946/Pages%20from%20Goonam-K-4.pdf |date=2023-01-12 }} An adana game da K. Goonam, gami da obituaries [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1906]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9jhyacbcwb23zm7le3elktxoeibh5ot 0 107394 827888 707798 2026-04-30T02:01:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karuwanci a Rwanda''' ba bisa ka'ida ba ne <ref name="procon">{{Cite web |title=100 Countries and Their Prostitution Policies - Legal Prostitution |url=https://prostitution.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000772#rwanda |access-date=12 January 2018 |website=Procon}}</ref> a kowane bangare.<ref name="chartsbin">{{Cite web |title=The Legal Status of Prostitution by Country |url=http://chartsbin.com/view/snb |access-date=12 January 2018 |website=ChartsBin}}</ref> [[Karuwanci|Masu karuwanci]], abokan ciniki da duk wani ɓangare na uku da ke da hannu (kamar masu karuwanci da masu kula da gidan karuwai) ana aikata su ne ta hanyar Dokar Shari'a ta ƙasar.<ref name="penal">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2012 |title=Organic Law instituting the penal code |url=https://www.unodc.org/res/cld/document/rwa/1999/penal-code-of-rwanda_html/Penal_Code_of_Rwanda.pdf |access-date=12 January 2018 |website=Official Gazette |archive-date=17 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017153628/https://www.unodc.org/res/cld/document/rwa/1999/penal-code-of-rwanda_html/Penal_Code_of_Rwanda.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Koyaya, an gabatar da da wani tsari na sabon Dokar Shari'a wanda ba ya 'Yan karuwanci don muhawara a majalisar dokokin Rwanda a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017. <ref name="ea">{{Cite web |last=Mugisha |first=Ivan R. |date=12 November 2017 |title=Rwandan civil society pushes for legalisation of prostitution |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/News/Rwandan-civil-society-pushes-for-legalisation-of-prostitution/1433218-4181402-u8gc2qz/index.html |access-date=13 January 2018 |website=The East African |language=en-UK}}</ref><ref name="newtimes">{{Cite web |last=Kwibuka |first=Eugene |date=17 November 2017 |title=Rwanda: Heated Debate as MPs Start Scrutiny of Draft Penal Code |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201711170124.html |access-date=13 January 2018 |website=The New Times (Kigali)}}</ref> Sakamakon tsananin talauci da ake fama da shi a kasar, an tilasta wa mata da dama yin [[karuwanci]] don samun abin rayuwa. <ref name="igihe">{{Cite web |date=20 July 2011 |title=Prostitution growing with us |url=http://en.igihe.com/people/prostitution-growing-with-us |access-date=13 January 2018 |website=IGIHE |language=en |archive-date=14 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114073633/http://en.igihe.com/people/prostitution-growing-with-us |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2012 an kiyasta cewa akwai ma'aikatan jima'i 12,278 a cikin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sex workers: Population size estimate - Number, 2016 |url=http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604174922/http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=21 July 2018 |website=www.aidsinfoonline.org |publisher=UNAIDS}}</ref> Ana tunanin cewa 45.8% na ma'aikatan jima'i a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] suna da kwayar cutar HIV . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=HIV prevalence amongst sex workers |url=http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/vc/vcshare.html?id=d9c0ff12-f62c-44e7-8e2c-dbe736bbea30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722130109/http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/vc/vcshare.html?id=d9c0ff12-f62c-44e7-8e2c-dbe736bbea30 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |access-date=22 July 2018 |website=www.aidsinfoonline.org |publisher=UNAIDS}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Kodayake karuwanci ba bisa ka'ida ba ne ya yadu, musamman a babban birnin, [[Kigali]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugarura |first=Richard |date=9 July 2015 |title=Rwanda: Prostitution Still a Major Challenge in Kigali City |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507091358.html |access-date=13 January 2018 |website=Rwanda Focus (Kigali)}}</ref> <ref name="kioko">{{Cite web |last=Kioko |first=Dennis |date=6 January 2014 |title=Why Kenyans love Kigali (Part 2) |url=http://blog.denniskioko.com/2014/01/why-kenyans-love-kigali-part-2.html |access-date=13 January 2018 |website=Dennis Kioko COM}}</ref> da sauran cibiyoyin birane. <ref name="igihe"/> Masu karuwanci da yawa suna aiki daga mashaya.<ref name="kioko" /> Sau da yawa maza da ke neman karuwanci suna zaune a mashaya, kuma waɗanda ba sa zaune daga teburin mashaya.<ref name="igihe" /> Yawancin ɗaliban jami'a suna amfani da aikin jima'i don ƙara yawan kuɗin shiga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2011 |title=Prostitution in Universities is a Public Secret |url=http://www.en.igihe.com/lifestyle/prostitution-in-universities-is-a-public-secret |access-date=13 January 2018 |website=IGIHE |language=en |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626110626/http://www.en.igihe.com/lifestyle/prostitution-in-universities-is-a-public-secret |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ma'aikatan jima'i sun ba da rahoton cin zarafi daga 'yan sanda.<ref name="igihe"/> A ranar 23 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2006, Ministan Jima'i da Inganta Iyali [[Valeria Nyirahabineza]] ta umarci karuwanci a Rwanda da su daina sayar da jima'i in ba haka ba za su fuskanci matakin shari'a.<ref name="rwanda1">{{Cite web |date=26 September 2006 |title=Minister warns on prostitution |url=http://www.rwanda.rw/article.php3?id_article=3041 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070730021926/http://www.rwanda.rw/article.php3?id_article=3041 |archive-date=30 July 2007 |website=[[Rwanda Development Gateway]]}}</ref> Ta yi iƙirarin cewa karuwanci shine tushen matsalar [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] da ke fuskantar Rwanda.<ref name="rwanda1" /> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2007 Shugaba [[Paul Kagame]] ya ba da jawabi inda ya bayyana cewa dole ne a dakatar da karuwanci a Rwanda. Ya ce: "Ba wani bangare ne na hanyar Rwanda zuwa ci gaba ba, sabili da haka, dole ne ya tsaya".<ref name="procon"/> Hukumar Gyaran Dokar Rwanda ta fara sake dubawa game da dokar azabtarwa a cikin 2015 a cikin ƙoƙari na kawo dokokin ƙasar.<ref name="newtimes"/> Dokar Shari'a ta cire haramtacciyar karuwanci sai dai don tilasta karuwanci.<ref name="ea"/> Majalisar ta fara muhawara game da Dokar Shari'a a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017.<ref name="newtimes" /> == Yanayin Shari'a == Sashe na 4 na Dokar Shari'a yana magana ne game da karuwanci: <ref name="penal"/> Sashe: Hakki da azabtarwa don rashin cikawa * Mataki na 204: Ma'anar karuwanci * Mataki na 205: Wajibi ne karuwa ta cika :: Duk mutumin da ya shiga karuwanci zai cika, na tsawon lokaci wanda bai wuce shekara guda ba, daya ko fiye daga cikin wajibai masu zuwa: 1 ° kada ya bar iyakokin yankin da Kotun ta ƙayyade; 2 ° kada ya je wasu wuraren da kotun ta ƙayyadadden; 3 ° don a ƙarƙashin matakan sa ido; 4 ° don neman magani; 5 ° don bayar da rahoto lokaci-lokaci ga ayyukan gudanarwa ko hukumomin da kotun suka ƙayyade. ::: 1 ° kada ya bar iyakokin yankin da Kotun ta ƙayyade; ::: 2 ° kada a je wasu wurare da kotun ta ƙayyade; ::: 3 ° da za a sanya shi a karkashin matakan sa ido; ::: 4 ° don neman magani; ::: 5 ° don bayar da rahoto lokaci-lokaci ga ayyukan gudanarwa ko hukumomi da kotun ta yanke shawarar. :: Mutumin da ya keta duk wani wajibai a ƙarƙashin abubuwa 1o zuwa 5o na wannan Mataki, zai kasance da alhakin ɗaurin kurkuku na akalla watanni uku (3) amma ƙasa da watanni shida (6). :: Idan mutum ya yi karuwanci kamar yadda aka tanada a karkashin sakin layi na 2 na wannan Mataki zai kasance da alhakin ɗaurin kurkuku na watanni shida (6) zuwa shekaru biyu (2) da tarar dubu hamsin (50,000) zuwa dubu ɗari biyar (500,000) na Rwanda ko ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan hukunce-hukunce. :: Hukunce-hukuncen da ke karkashin sakin layi na 2 na wannan Mataki za su shafi duk wanda aka kama yana da jima'i da karuwa. Sashe na 2: Ƙarfafa karuwanci * Mataki na 206: Karfafawa, zugawa ko sarrafa mutum don manufar karuwanci * Mataki na 207: Rashin karfafawa don farfado da karuwanci * Mataki na 208: Talla don sauƙaƙe karuwanci Sashe na 3: Amfani da karuwanci * Mataki na 209: Gudanarwa, sarrafawa ko saka hannun jari a gidan karuwai * Mataki na 210: Raba kudaden da aka samu daga karuwanci * Mataki na 211: Raba kudaden da aka samu daga karuwanci ta hanyar yaro * Mataki na 212: Taimako, ƙarfafawa da kare karuwanci * Mataki na 213: Samar da wurin karuwanci Sashe na 4: Yanayi mai tsanani * Mataki na 214: Yanayi mai tsanani don laifuffuka masu alaƙa da karuwanci == Kisan kiyashi na karuwanci == An kashe mata da yawa, galibi masu karuwanci, a Kigali tsakanin Yuli da Agusta 2012. An bayar da rahoton jimlar wadanda abin ya shafa kamar goma sha biyar <ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=David |date=10 September 2012 |title=Rwandans fear serial killer is at large after murder of 15 women |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/10/rwanda-fears-serial-killer-women-murdered |access-date=13 January 2018 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> da goma sha takwas. <ref name="jambo">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2014 |title=Prostitution in Rwanda increasingly perilous |url=http://www.jambonews.net/en/news/20140414-prostitution-in-rwanda-increasingly-perilous/ |access-date=13 January 2018 |website=Jambo News |language=fr |archive-date=23 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023051252/http://www.jambonews.net/en/news/20140414-prostitution-in-rwanda-increasingly-perilous/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kisan kai na iya zama aikin mutum ɗaya, tare da wasu mutane suna magana game da mai kisan a matsayin "African Jack the Ripper".<ref name="ibt">{{Cite web |last=Mezzofiore |first=Gianluca |date=7 September 2012 |title='African Jack the Ripper' Kills 15 Prostitutes in Rwanda |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/rwanda-jack-ripper-africa-kigali-prostitute-381895 |access-date=13 January 2018 |website=International Business Times UK |language=en}}</ref> Makwabta sun bayyana wanda aka azabtar da cewa yana da kalmomin "Zan daina da zarar na kashe karuwai 400" da aka sassaƙa a cikin jikinta, kodayake 'yan sanda sun watsar da wannan a matsayin jita-jita.<ref name="guardian" /> An ruwaito a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012 cewa an kama mutane takwas kuma daya daga cikinsu ya furta kisan.<ref name="santi">{{Cite web |last=Santi |first=Ziyah |date=28 March 2014 |title=Sex workers speak out about Rwanda's silent tragedy |url=http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/360/sex-workers-speak-out-about-rwandas-silent-tragedy/5351866 |access-date=13 January 2018 |website=Radio National |language=en-AU}}</ref> == Cinikin jima'i == Rwanda ita ce tushen, wucewa, kuma zuwa ƙarami, ƙasar da ake nufi da mata, da yara da ke fuskantar fataucin jima'i. 'Yan mata na Rwanda da wasu yara maza, wasu daga cikinsu daliban makarantar sakandare ne tsakanin shekaru 13 zuwa 18, ana amfani da su a cikin jima'i na kasuwanci a otal-otal, a wasu lokuta ta hanyar sauƙaƙe masu otal-talla. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na cikin gida sun ba da rahoton a cikin 2016 cewa wasu 'yan mata na Rwanda a cikin aikin gida, waɗanda suka yi juna biyu kuma ta haka ne ma'aikatansu suka dakatar da aikinsu kuma ba su iya komawa ƙauyukansu ba, daga baya ana cin zarafinsu a fataucin jima'i. Wasu maza, mata, da yara na Rwanda suna fuskantar fataucin jima'i zuwa wurare a duniya; manyan wuraren da aka kashe na Rwanda sune [[Uganda]], DRC, da sauran sassan Gabashin Afirka. An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa mutanen Rwanda da ke fama da cutar suna cin zarafin su a cikin fataucin jima'i zuwa China. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an yi amfani da wadanda ke fama da cutar a Rwanda a Afirka ta Kudu, Malaysia, Amurka, da Turai. A cikin 2016, an tilasta wasu 'yan mata na Rwanda yin aure da maza a Tanzania kuma suna iya fuskantar cin zarafin jima'i ta hanyar waɗannan auren. Rahoton da aka bayar a shekarar 2013 ya nuna cewa masu daukar ma'aikata da dillalai na Kampala da [[Nairobi]] sun dauki ma'aikatan Rwanda ta hanyar tayin zamba na aiki a kasashen waje kuma sun sanya su ga fataucin jima'i. 'Yan gudun hijira da ke tserewa daga rikici da tashin hankali na siyasa a Burundi da DRC sun kasance masu matukar damuwa ga fataucin mutane a Rwanda ko kuma suna fuskantar cin zarafi a kasashe na uku bayan sun wuce Rwanda. A cewar wata kungiya ta kasa da kasa, an sami karuwar fataucin jima'i na matasa maza da mata na Burundi ta hanyar Rwanda zuwa kasashe na uku tun 2015. An yi amfani da 'yan mata 'yan gudun hijira na Burundi da suka wuce ta Rwanda a fataucin jima'i a Uganda. A gefe guda, an ruwaito cewa 'yan gudun hijira mata a sansanin 'yan gudun gudun hijira na Kongo sun fuskanci fataucin jima'i a garuruwan da ke kusa da su a cikin 2015, wanda ake zargin farar hula daya da sojoji uku na RDF da aka sanya a sansanin. Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya Rwanda a matsayin ƙasar '[[Rahoton Fataucin Mutane|Tier 2]]'.<ref name="state18">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda 2018 Trafficking in Persons Report |url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2018/282737.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730234936/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2018/282737.htm |archive-date=30 July 2018 |access-date=30 July 2018 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] eeacve53m4abs8pr3btnkau4r93u0c3 0 108667 827889 678391 2026-04-30T02:34:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kudin carbon''' kayan aiki ne mai cinikayya (yawanci takardar shaidar kama-da-wane) wanda ke isar da'awar kauce wa hayaki na GHG ko inganta cire iskar gas (GHG) daga yanayi. " <sup about="#mwt<sub id=" mwkw="">2" class="mw-ref reference" data-cx="{}" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"OffsetGuide.org"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-OffsetGuide.org-2","html":"<nowiki><span typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw=\"{&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;templatestyles&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;attrs&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;src&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;body&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;extsrc&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;cite web &amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Cite_web&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;author1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Broekhoff, D.&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;author2&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Gillenwater, M.&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;author3&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Colbert-Sangree, T.&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;year&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;2024&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Offset Guide&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://offsetguide.org/what-are-carbon-credits/&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;website&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Carbon Offset Guide&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;access-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;July 28, 2025&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwBJE\">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt22\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"CITEREFBroekhoff,_D.Gillenwater,_M.Colbert-Sangree,_T.2024\" data-ve-ignore=\"true\">Broekhoff, D.; Gillenwater, M.; Colbert-Sangree, T. (2024). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://offsetguide.org/what-are-carbon-credits/\" id=\"mwBJI\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Offset Guide\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwBJM\">Carbon Offset Guide</i></nowiki><nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwBJQ\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwBJU\">July 28,</span></nowiki> 2025<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}' id="cite_ref-OffsetGuide.org_2-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Carbon_offsets_and_credits#cite_note-OffsetGuide.org-2 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> <ref name="wri">{{Cite web |last=Goodward |first=Jenna |last2=Kelly |first2=Alexia |date=August 2010 |title=Bottom Line on Offsets |url=http://www.wri.org/publication/bottom-line-offsets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117153158/https://www.wri.org/publication/bottom-line-offsets |archive-date=2019-01-17 |access-date=2010-09-08 |publisher=World Resources Institute}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin kuɗin carbon yana wakiltar kauce ko inganta cirewa na tan ɗaya na [[carbon dioxide]] ko kwatankwacinsa na carbon dioxide (CO2e). <ref name="OffsetGuide.org" /> [2] <ref name="ced">{{Cite web |title=Carbon offset |url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/carbon-offset |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004185918/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/carbon-offset |archive-date=October 4, 2018 |access-date=September 24, 2012 |publisher=Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved September 21, 2012 from CollinsDictionary.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What are Offsets? |url=http://www.co2offsetresearch.org/consumer/index.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121173536/http://www.co2offsetresearch.org/consumer/index.html |archive-date=2019-11-21 |access-date=2018-10-23 |publisher=Carbon Offset Research & Education}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What is a Carbon Offset? |url=https://www.offsetguide.org/understanding-carbon-offsets/what-is-a-carbon-offset/ |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=Carbon Offset Guide |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Courtnell |first=Jane |date=2023-02-01 |title=Carbon Offsets vs Carbon Credits: What's the Difference? |url=https://greenbusinessbureau.com/topics/carbon-accounting/carbon-offsets-vs-carbon-credits/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Green Business Bureau |language=en |archive-date=2023-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212083231/https://greenbusinessbureau.com/topics/carbon-accounting/carbon-offsets-vs-carbon-credits/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Carbon offsetting shine aikin yin amfani da ƙididdigar carbon don biyan ko magance fitar da iskar gas (GHG) a cikin layi tare da shirye-shiryen bayar da rahoto ko manufofi / burin fitar da iske. Hanyoyin cinikin bashi na carbon (watau, shirye-shiryen bashi), suna bawa masu haɓaka aikin damar aiwatar da ayyukan da ke rage GHGs da karɓar ƙididdigar carbon wanda za'a iya sayar da shi ga masu siye masu sha'awar waɗanda zasu iya amfani da ƙididdigarsa don da'awar cewa sun rage fitar da GHG. Hakazalika da "ƙaddamarwa" ƙididdigar carbon waɗanda aka ba da izini a matsayin kayan aiki na bin doka a cikin kasuwannin bin doka (misali, Tsarin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Tarayyar Turai ko shirin California Cap-n-Trade) ana iya amfani da su ta ƙungiyoyi masu tsarawa don bayar da rahoton ƙananan hayaki da cimma matsayin bin doka (tare da iyakoki game da amfani da su wanda ya bambanta da shirin bin doka). Baya ga "offsetting" ƙididdigar carbon kuma ana iya amfani da su don [https://offsetguide.org/using-carbon-credits-issues-and-considerations/ ba da gudummawa ga burin GHG na duniya]. Zaɓin mai siye ne na mutum yadda za a yi amfani da shi, ko "yi ritaya", kuɗin carbon. Ayyuka sun haɗa da ayyukan ragewa waɗanda ke gujewa ko haɓaka cire hayakin GHG. Ana aiwatar da ayyukan daidai da ka'idojin shirye-shiryen ba da kyauta, gami da hanyoyin su, dokoki, da buƙatu. An amince da hanyoyin don kowane takamaiman nau'in aikin (misali, dasa bishiyoyi, sabunta mangrove, ritaya da wuri na wutar lantarki). Idan aikin ya cika duk bukatun da tanadi na shirin ba da kuɗi, za a ba da ƙididdigar da za a iya siyarwa ga masu siye. Kowane shirin ba da kyauta yawanci yana da nasa 'lambar' na bashi na carbon kamar CDM's Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), Mataki na 6.4 Mechanism Emission Reduction (A6.4ERs), VCS' Verified Emission Reductions (VERs), ACR's Emission Redulation Tonnes, Climate Action Reserves' Climate Reserve Tonnes (CRTs), da dai sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carbon Offset Programs |url=https://www.offsetguide.org/understanding-carbon-offsets/carbon-offset-programs/ |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=Carbon Offset Guide |language=en}}</ref> Daruruwan nau'ikan aikin rage GHG sun wanzu kuma sun amince da hanyoyin tare da shirye-shiryen ba da kyauta. Shirin da ya bayyana matakin farko na ci gaban kasuwar carbon, Tsarin Ci Gaban Tsabtace (CDM) yana ba da taƙaitaccen ɗan littafin da aka amince da shi. Amma kowane shirin ba da kyauta yana da nasa jerin hanyoyin da aka amince da su, alal misali sai dai idan an bayyana a bayyane, wani wanda ya amince da [https://acrcarbon.org/ ACR] ba zai iya amfani da shi ba ta hanyar shirin ba da kyautar VCS na Verra. Kudin carbon wani nau'i ne na farashi na carbon, tare da harajin carbon, da kuma [Border Adjustment Mechanisms (CBAM) ]. An yi niyyar ƙididdigar carbon don zama mai amfani a cikin kasuwannin daban-daban, amma wasu kasuwannin bin doka da shirye-shiryen bayar da rahoto suna iyakance cancanta ga ƙayyadaddun nau'ikan ƙididdigapyen carbon ko halaye (misali, girke-girke, asalin aikin, nau'in aikin). <ref name="OffsetGuide.org Crediting Programs">{{Cite web |last=Broekhoff, D. |last2=Gillenwater, M. |last3=Colbert-Sangree, T. |year=2024 |title=Offset Guide |url=https://offsetguide.org/what-are-carbon-crediting-programs/ |access-date=July 28, 2025 |website=Carbon Offset Guide}}</ref><ref name="Cadman-2022">{{Cite journal |last=Cadman |first=Tim |last2=Hales |first2=Robert |date=2022-06-01 |title=COP26 and a Framework for Future Global Agreements on Carbon Market Integrity |url=https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/ijsq/12/1/ijsq120105.xml |journal=The International Journal of Social Quality |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=79–80 |doi=10.3167/IJSQ.2022.120105 |issn=1757-0344 |s2cid=256659556 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Emissions Trading – UNFCCC |url=https://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/mechanisms/emissions-trading |access-date=May 4, 2023 |publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> == Ingancin bashi == "Tunanin da ya samo asali a bayan bashi na carbon shine cewa zai iya maye gurbin raguwa wanda mai siye zai iya yi wa hayakin kansa (watau, amfani da diyya). Don wannan ya zama gaskiya, dole ne duniya ta kasance aƙalla daidai lokacin da ake amfani da bashi na carbon kamar yadda zai kasance idan mai siye ya rage sawunsa na carbon. " ingancin" na bashi na carbon yana nufin matakin amincewa cewa amfani da bashi zai cika wannan ka'idar ta asali.<ref name="OffsetGuide.org Credit Quality">{{Cite web |last=Broekhoff |first=D. |last2=Gillenwater |first2=M. |last3=Colbert-Sangree |first3=T. |date=2024 |title=Offset Guide |url=https://offsetguide.org/what-makes-high-quality-carbon-credits/ |access-date=July 28, 2025 |website=Carbon Offset Guide}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Goldman School of Public Policy |url=https://gspp.berkeley.edu/research-and-impact/centers/cepp/projects/berkeley-carbon-trading-project/developing-UCs-offset-strategy |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=gspp.berkeley.edu |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |language=en}}</ref> Cibiyar Ostiraliya ta nuna lokuta 23 inda aka gano shirye-shiryen ba da kyautar carbon suna da gagarumin gazawar. Wadannan sun hada da da'awar da aka yi amfani da su wajen tantance carbon, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga sau biyu, da kuma gazawar ayyukan don samar da fa'idodin muhalli "ƙarin" fiye da abin da zai faru ba tare da aikin ba. Yawancin ayyukan cirewa da aka inganta sun sami zargi a matsayin Greenwashing saboda sun wuce gona da iri ikon su na tsare carbon, tare da wasu ayyukan da aka nuna don kara yawan hayaki gaba ɗaya.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Masie |first=Desné |date=2023-08-03 |title=Are carbon offsets all they're cracked up to be? We tracked one from Kenya to England to find out. |url=https://www.vox.com/23817575/carbon-offsets-credits-financialization-ecologi-solutions-scam |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Vox |language=en-US}}</ref> Za'a iya fitar da muhimman abubuwa na ingancin bashi na carbon zuwa ka'idoji biyar. Kyaututtuka masu inganci na carbon sune wadanda ke da alaƙa da guje wa hayaki ko ingantaccen cirewa waɗanda sune:<ref name="OffsetGuide.org Credit Quality"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Batjes |first=N.H. |last2=Ceschia |first2=E. |last3=Heuvelink |first3=G.B.M. |last4=Demenois |first4=J. |last5=le Maire |first5=G. |last6=Cardinael |first6=R. |last7=Arias-Navarro |first7=C. |last8=von Egmond |first8=F. |date=October 2024 |title=Towards a modular, multi-ecosystem monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) framework for soil organic carbon stock change assessment |journal=Carbon Management |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=2410812 |bibcode=2024CarM...1510812B |doi=10.1080/17583004.2024.2410812 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-15 |title=Mass Audubon 'Followed The Rules' And Earned Millions From Carbon Offsets. But Was It 'Real'? |url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2021/05/15/mass-audubon-followed-rules-earned-millions-from-carbon-offsets-but-was-it-real |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=www.wbur.org |language=en}}</ref> * [https://offsetguide.org/what-makes-high-quality-carbon-credits/#additionality Ƙarin] * [https://offsetguide.org/what-makes-high-quality-carbon-credits/#quantification Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga] * [https://offsetguide.org/what-makes-high-quality-carbon-credits/#permanenc Dindindin] * [https://offsetguide.org/what-makes-high-quality-carbon-credits/#no-double-counting Ba wani bangare da ya ce ba] * [https://offsetguide.org/what-makes-high-quality-carbon-credits/#social-harm Ba a haɗa shi da mummunar lalacewar zamantakewa ko muhalli] Ana iya tantance ingancin bashi na carbon kuma don mayar da martani ga damuwa mai girma da ke da alaƙa da ingancin bashi, yawancin shirye-shiryen ƙididdigar bashi sun fara samuwa a kusa da 2020 don taimakawa masu siye da shirye-shirye na ba da kyauta wajen rarrabe inganci mai girma daga ayyukan da ba su da inganci don a ba da ƙididdigatattun kuɗi don kawai idan sun cika buƙatu masu tsauri.<ref name="OffsetGuide.org Credit Quality"/> Wadannan shirye-shiryen ƙididdigar kuɗi sun ɗauki nau'ikan albarkatun buɗewa kamar OffsetGuide.org, shirye-shirye na lakabi kamar [https://icvcm.org/ Majalisar Aminci don Kasuwar Carbon ta son rai] wanda ke aiki don tantance hanyoyin da kuma tantance ko sun haɗu da ƙofar inganci (wanda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kimantawa) don karɓar lakabin Core Carbon Principle (CCP) ko a'a, ko kuma Tsarin Ingancin Kyautar Carbon wanda ke gudanar da zurfi (cikakken tsarin kimanta) kuma yana ba da maki 1-5 wanda ke wakiltar ingancin ingancin hanyar. Don ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kamfanoni sun kuma tashi waɗanda ke ba da ƙididdigari masu inganci ga ayyukan mutum ta hanyar sake nazarin takardun aikin su. == Tsarin ba da kyauta na Yarjejeniyar Paris == Ta hanyar tattaunawar yanayi ta kasa da kasa karkashin jagorancin UNFCCC, an amince da [[Yarjejeniyar Paris]] a cikin 2015 kuma ta haɗa da tanadi don ba da izinin carbon don zama hanyar da za a iya amfani da ita don taimakawa ƙasashe wajen saduwa da [[Nationally determined contribution|Gudummawar da aka ƙayyade a ƙasa]] (NDCs). A [[Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2022|COP27]], masu tattaunawa sun amince da ayyana ƙididdigar da aka bayar a ƙarƙashin [[Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement|Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar Paris]] a matsayin "ƙananan gudummawa" ga cikawar NDC ta ƙasar.<ref name="Crook-20222">{{Cite web |last=Crook |first=Jonathan |date=December 7, 2022 |title=Was COP27 the beginning of the end for corporate offsetting? |url=https://carbonmarketwatch.org/2022/12/07/was-cop27-the-beginning-of-the-end-for-corporate-offsetting/ |access-date=March 26, 2023 |website=Carbon Watch}}</ref> [[Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement|Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar Paris]] ya haɗa da hanyoyin "haɗin kai na son rai" tsakanin ƙasashe zuwa ga burin yanayi, gami da [[Carbon credit markets|Kasuwancin bashi na carbon]]. Mataki na 6.2 ya ba kasashe damar cinikin kudaden carbon kai tsaye ta hanyar ci gaban hanyoyin ba da bashi na biyu (watau, shirye-shiryen ba da bashi). Mataki na 6.4 ya kafa sabon shirin ba da kyauta na kasa da kasa wanda ke maye gurbin shirin CDM. Zaɓin na uku shine Mataki na 6.8, wanda ke ba da damar samar da hadin kai ba tare da bashi ba (kuma bai dace da wannan labarin ba). Wadannan tanadi suna ba da damar haɓaka hanyoyin (ban da Mataki na 6.8) don ba da damar ƙididdigar carbon don taimakawa ƙasashe wajen biyan alkawurran da suka ƙayyade na ƙasa (NDC) don cimma burin Yarjejeniyar Paris.<ref name="WorldBankExplainer2">{{Cite web |title=Climate Explainer: Article 6 |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2022/05/17/what-you-need-to-know-about-article-6-of-the-paris-agreement |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> Mataki na 6.4, wanda kuma ake kira Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM), kuma yana maye gurbin CDM amma yana neman amsawa ga damuwa mai inganci da masu bincike da kafofin watsa labarai suka tayar ta hanyar inganta ingancin bashi da haɓaka ma'auni na tsauraran ga dukan kasuwa. Ayyukan CDM na iya canzawa don zama ayyukan PACM idan sun cika bukatun cancanta kuma Mataki na 6.4 Methodology Panel yana nazarin CDM (da sauran hanyoyin da aka gabatar) don tantance ko sun cika ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin takardun PACM da PACM za ta karɓa don jagorantar ci gaban aikin.<ref name="OffsetGuide.org">{{Cite web |last=Broekhoff, D. |last2=Gillenwater, M. |last3=Colbert-Sangree, T. |year=2024 |title=Offset Guide |url=https://offsetguide.org/what-are-carbon-credits/ |access-date=July 28, 2025 |website=Carbon Offset Guide}}</ref> == Nau'ikan aikin == Wasu sun haɗa da ayyukan gandun daji waɗanda ke guje wa katako da tsire-tsire, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Hamrick |first=Kelley |last2=Gallant |first2=Melissa |date=May 2017 |title=Unlocking Potential: State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2017 |url=https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/doc_5591.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814171921/https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/doc_5591.pdf |archive-date=2020-08-14 |access-date=2019-01-29 |publisher=Forest Trends' Ecosystem Marketplace |page=10}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Haya |first=Barbara K. |last2=Evans |first2=Samuel |last3=Brown |first3=Letty |last4=Bukoski |first4=Jacob |last5=Butsic |first5=Van |last6=Cabiyo |first6=Bodie |last7=Jacobson |first7=Rory |last8=Kerr |first8=Amber |last9=Potts |first9=Matthew |last10=Sanchez |first10=Daniel L. |date=2023-03-21 |title=Comprehensive review of carbon quantification by improved forest management offset protocols |journal=Frontiers in Forests and Global Change |volume=6 |bibcode=2023FrFGC...6.8879H |doi=10.3389/ffgc.2023.958879 |issn=2624-893X |doi-access=free}}</ref> ayyukan makamashi mai sabuntawa kamar gonakin iska, Makamashi na biomass, masu narkewar gas, madatsar ruwa, da kuma ayyukan inganta makamashi. Ƙarin ayyukan sun haɗa da ayyukan Cire carbon dioxide, ayyukan kama carbon da adanawa, da kuma kawar da hayakin methane a wurare daban-daban kamar [[Wajen zubar da shara|wuraren zubar da shara]]. == Kalmomin da aka saba amfani da su == Gudanar da bashi, yawanci ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin aikin haɗari wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙididdiga. Gudanar da bashi na gaba tsari ne inda ake bayar da bashi don ƙididdigar da aka tsara don kauce wa fitarwa ko haɓaka cirewa, wanda masu siye za su iya da'awar ko da kafin ayyukan ragewa sun faru.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Avoiding Overestimation |url=https://www.offsetguide.org/high-quality-offsets/avoiding-overestimation/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=Carbon Offset Guide |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9a8gll4a2bs23txddw5gigjvecoab2y 0 108847 827879 713209 2026-04-30T00:51:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:DivestmentActionAtCityOfSydneyCouncilMeeting.jpg|thumb|Go Fossil Free halartar taron majalisar birnin Sydney]] A [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], Jami'o'i da [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] suna jagorantar fitar da man fetur a matsayin wani ɓangare na kamfen ɗin fitar da man shafawa na duniya wanda [[350.org]] ta ƙaddamar a cikin 2011. A cikin shekara ta 2015, yawan majalisun Australiya tare da alkawuran fitarwa ya karu sosai daga 2 zuwa 17.<ref>{{Cite web |title=350.org.au – Local Government Leadership on Fossil Fuel Divestment – Published November 2015 |url=https://350.org.au/files/2017/01/Local-Government-Leadership-on-Fossil-Fuel-Divestment_Web.pdf}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Satumba 2016 matsayin kwashewar majalisar Australiya shine: * Kudin saka hannun jari na kyauta wanda [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar]] Dokokin Australiya ke riƙewa: 6,181,195,620 * Adadin kananan hukumomi tare da alkawuran fitar da burbushin halittu kyauta: 27 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fossil Free Councils – gofossilfree.org.au/fossil-free-councils |url=http://gofossilfree.org.au/fossil-free-councils/ |access-date=2025-07-30 |archive-date=2023-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303185401/http://gofossilfree.org.au/fossil-free-councils/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawancin majalisun Australiya ba za su iya saka hannun jari a hannun jari ba, ma'ana ba su da saka hannun jari kai tsaye a cikin kamfanonin man fetur masu [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]]. Koyaya, yawancin majalisun suna da fallasa ga burbushin burbushin halittu ta hanyar asusun ajiyar su tare da manyan bankunan Australiya waɗanda su ma suna ba da kuɗi biliyoyin daloli na ayyukan kwal da gas a duk faɗin ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aligning Council Money With Council Values |url=http://350.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Councils-Guide-FINAL_web.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226235716/http://350.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Councils-Guide-FINAL_web.pdf |archive-date=26 February 2016 |access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref> Yawancin majalisun suna gano bayyanarsu ga bankunan <nowiki>'fossil' kuma sun gano cewa yawancin bankunan Australiya (musamman bankunan ban da ''babban hudu'') ba sa samar da kuɗi ga masana'</nowiki>antar man fetur. Bincike kan abin da bankunan ke tallafawa masana'antar man fetur, da waɗanda ba su ba, an kammala su kuma ana sabunta su akai-akai ta hanyar Market Forces <ref>{{Cite web |title=Market Forces: Fossil fuels – where does your bank stand? |url=http://www.marketforces.org.au/banks/compare}}</ref> ƙungiyar bincike mai zaman kanta. Kodayake akwai wasu alkawuran jama'a <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adani and Commonwealth Bank part ways |url=http://www.smh.com.au/business/mining-and-resources/adani-and-commonwealth-bank-part-ways-casting-further-doubt-on-carmichael-coal-project-20150805-gisd1l.html}}</ref> da ke nuna bankunan 'babban huɗu' na Australiya ba za su saka hannun jari a wasu ayyukan da suka shafi man fetur ba, a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2016, 'babban hudu' sun kasance suna saka hannun jari sosai a cikin man fetur. == Rarrabawar Majalisar ta Jiha ko Yankin == Hukumomi a Ostiraliya sune matakin gwamnati wanda ya fi dacewa da sha'awa da bukatun al'umma. Yawancin majalisun gida sun yi alkawarin fitar da kudaden su daga kamfanonin man fetur da cibiyoyin burbushin halittu. Alkawari da Takaddun Tables masu zuwa sun taƙaita ayyukan fitarwa da alkawuran kananan hukumomin Australia. Teburin ya haɗa da nassoshi ga takardun da ke yin rikodin manufofin saka hannun jari da kuma fitar da kayayyaki da aka sanya a gaban majalisa, kuri'a kuma ya wuce. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan takardun a matsayin ma'anar tushe ga wasu majalisun da ke la'akari da fitar da man fetur. Majalisar Amalgamations da Canje-canje Note a cikin 2016, wasu kananan hukumomin NSW sun kasance ƙarƙashin tilasta amalgamation daga Gwamnatin Jihar NSW. An sanya waɗannan majalisun a ƙarƙashin gudanarwa kuma an kori 'yan majalisa da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyya. Majalisar a halin yanzu tana ci gaba da aiki amma ana sa ran za a sami canje-canje sakamakon haɗuwa da aiwatar da manufofin gwamnatin jihar. Dalilin da tabbatar da haɗuwa ya bayyana ne saboda rashin amincewa da babbar hanyar WestConnex da majalisun da al'umma suka gabatar. Yankunan Yankin na majalisun suma suna ƙarƙashin sake dubawa na lokaci-lokaci. Tebur mai zuwa yana nufin majalisun a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙungiya a lokacin da aka yi alkawarin. === Babban Birnin Australiya === Kasancewar karamar hukuma a Ostiraliya "ikon jihohi ko yankuna" ne na musamman. Saboda karamin girman ACT, babu kananan hukumomi. Gwamnatin ACT tana da alhakin rawar da wata karamar hukuma ke yi. {| class="wikitable" !Majalisar !Ranar Rarraba !Yawan jama'a !Kudin a Lokacin Rarraba !Takardun |- |Babban Birnin Australiya |Agusta 2015 |390,800 |$4,505,315,000 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACT Government to divest from fossil fuels |url=http://350.org.au/news/act-government-to-divest-from-fossil-fuels/ }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |} === New South Wales === {| class="wikitable" !Majalisar !Ranar Rarraba !Yawan jama'a !Kudin a Lokacin Rarraba !Takardun |- |Majalisar Marrickville |Janairu 2015 |83,356 |$55,000,340 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marrickville Council – Council Meeting Minutes – 25 Nov 2014 – page 6 |url=http://www.marrickville.nsw.gov.au/Templates/Advanced/Bridge/TrimDownload.aspx?TrimDocNum=122824.14}}</ref> |- |Majalisar Majalisa ta Leichhardt |Maris 2015 |58,136 |$79,702,199 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=LEICHHARDT COUNCIL VOTES TO DIVEST FROM FOSSIL FUELS – 11 March 2015 |url=http://www.leichhardt.nsw.gov.au/News-and-Events/Media-Releases/2015/Leichhardt-Council-Votes-to-Divest-From-Fossil-Fuels}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Leichhardt Municipal Council – COUNCIL LEADING THE WAY ON FOSSIL FUEL DIVESTMENT – 2016 |url=http://www.leichhardt.nsw.gov.au/news-and-events/media-releases/2016/council-leading-the-way-on-fossil-fuel-divestment}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Leichhardt Municipal Council – Policy Meeting Minutes – 10 March 2015 – Page 12 |url=http://www.leichhardt.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/3161/minutes-mar2015-pol.pdf.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Leichhardt Municipal Council – FOSSIL FUEL DIVESTMENT: COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS Policy Meeting Report – 10 March 2015 – Page 36 |url=http://www.leichhardt.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/3160/item3.03-mar2015-pol.pdf.aspx}}</ref> |- |Majalisar Birnin Lismore |Maris 2015 |44,629 |$50,017,029 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lismore City Council – ORDINARY MEETING Minutes – 10 March 2015 – Section 9.2 |url=http://lismore.nsw.gov.au/infocouncil2/Open/2015/03/OC_10032015_MIN.HTM#PDF2_ReportName_9311 |access-date=30 July 2025 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220070325/http://lismore.nsw.gov.au/infocouncil2/Open/2015/03/OC_10032015_MIN.HTM#PDF2_ReportName_9311 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Majalisar Gloucester Shire |Agusta 2015 |5,064 |$6,419,922 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gloucester Shire Council – MINUTES OF THE ORDINARY MEETING – 19 August 2015 – Item 146/15 |url=http://midcoast.gloucester.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/100/August%20Minutes.pdf.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220091406/http://midcoast.gloucester.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/100/August%20Minutes.pdf.aspx |archive-date=20 December 2016 |access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref> |- |Majalisar Birnin Newcastle |Agusta 2015 |160,021 |$286,104,501 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=City of Newcastle – Minutes of Ordinary Council Meeting – 25 August 2015 – Item 64 – Page 23 |url=http://www.newcastle.nsw.gov.au/getattachment/5406d15d-b30f-4adc-a639-929ece4e0930/Ordinary-Council-Agenda-and-Mintues-25-August-2015.aspx |access-date=30 July 2025 |archive-date=31 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531004755/https://www.newcastle.nsw.gov.au/getattachment/5406d15d-b30f-4adc-a639-929ece4e0930/Ordinary-Council-Agenda-and-Mintues-25-August-2015.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Majalisar Byron Shire |Oktoba 2015 |32,119 |$75,962,424 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Byron Shire Council – ORDINARY MEETING Minutes – 8 October 2015 – Motion 9.2 |url=http://byron.infocouncil.biz/Open/2015/10/OC_08102015_MIN_386.HTM#PDF2_ReportName_2920}}</ref> |- |Majalisar Birnin Albury |Nuwamba 2015 |51,082 |$81,190,223 | |- |Majalisar Ballina Shire |Nuwamba 2015 |41,644 |$69,289,000 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ballina Shire Council – Item 13.1 – Notice of Motion – Divestment from Fossil Fuel Aligned Financial Institutions – 26 Nov 2015 – Page 122 |url=http://www.ballina.nsw.gov.au/cp_themes/default/res.asp?id=11134 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |Majalisar Birnin Randwick |Disamba 2015 |143,776 |$75,091,000 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Randwick City Council – ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE COMMITTEE MEETING BUSINESS PAPER – 1 December 2015 – Page 15 |url=http://businesspapers.randwick.nsw.gov.au/Open/2015/12/AF_01122015_AGN_AT.htm#PDF3_Attachment_13011_1 |access-date=30 July 2025 |archive-date=9 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409174755/http://businesspapers.randwick.nsw.gov.au/Open/2015/12/AF_01122015_AGN_AT.htm#PDF3_Attachment_13011_1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} === Tasmania === {| class="wikitable" !Majalisar !Ranar Rarraba !Yawan jama'a !Kudin a Lokacin Rarraba !Takardun |- |Majalisar Birnin Hobart |Afrilu 2015 |50,655 |$40,962,000 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hobart City Council – Minutes – 27 April 2015 – Page 35-36, & Attachment |url=http://www.hobartcity.com.au/files/527975a4-055c-4527-ad45-a490010fa3b1/270415_Open_Council_Minutes.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318181410/http://www.hobartcity.com.au/files/527975a4-055c-4527-ad45-a490010fa3b1/270415_Open_Council_Minutes.pdf |archive-date=18 March 2016 |access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref> |} === Victoria === {| class="wikitable" !Majalisar !Ranar Rarraba !Yawan jama'a !Kudin a Lokacin Rarraba !Takardun |- |Majalisar Birnin Moreland |Oktoba 2014 |163,488 |$39,212,931 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moreland City Council – MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL MEETING – 10 June 2015 – Page 10 |url=http://www.moreland.vic.gov.au/globalassets/key-docs/meeting/minute-council-upc/council-minutes-10-june-2015.doc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330183225/http://www.moreland.vic.gov.au/globalassets/key-docs/meeting/minute-council-upc/council-minutes-10-june-2015.doc |archive-date=30 March 2016 |access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref> |- |Birnin Melbourne |Oktoba 2015 |122,207 |$12,596,569 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=City of Melbourne – Council Meeting Minutes – 27 October 2015 – Page 6 |url=http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/about-council/committees-meetings/meeting-archive/MeetingAgendaItemAttachments/706/OCT15%20CCL%20MINUTES%20OPEN%20CONFIRMED.pdf |access-date=30 July 2025 |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413035440/https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/about-council/committees-meetings/meeting-archive/MeetingAgendaItemAttachments/706/OCT15%20CCL%20MINUTES%20OPEN%20CONFIRMED.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Majalisar Birnin Banyule |Nuwamba 2015 |125,503 |$93,640,000 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banyule City Council – Ordinary Meeting of Council Minutes – 9 November 2015 – Page 14 |url=http://www.banyule.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/files-forms-and-attachments/2-council/21-council-meetings/minutes/2015-minutes/ordinary-meeting-9-november-2015-minutes.pdf |access-date=30 July 2025 |archive-date=25 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325015932/https://www.banyule.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/files-forms-and-attachments/2-council/21-council-meetings/minutes/2015-minutes/ordinary-meeting-9-november-2015-minutes.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Majalisar Shire ta Macedon Ranges |Disamba 2015 |44,715 |$5,946,000 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Macedon Ranges Shire Council – Council Meeting Minutes – 16 December 2015 – Page 29-30 |url=http://www.mrsc.vic.gov.au/Council_the_Region/About_Council/Meeting_dates_Agendas_Minutes/Meeting_Agendas_Minutes/16_December_2015?doc=minutes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819071548/http://www.mrsc.vic.gov.au/Council_the_Region/About_Council/Meeting_dates_Agendas_Minutes/Meeting_Agendas_Minutes/16_December_2015?doc=minutes |archive-date=19 August 2016 |access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref> |- |Birnin Wodonga |Maris 2016 |38,131 |$16,874,361 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=City of Wodonga – Minutes for the Ordinary meeting of the council – 21 March 2016 – Page 46-52 |url=http://www.wodonga.vic.gov.au/about-us/council-meetings/agendas-minutes/images/minutes_21_03_2016.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |Majalisar Dutsen Alexander Shire |Afrilu 2016 |18,102 |$13,017,000 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mt Alexander Shire Council – MINUTES FOR THE ORDINARY MEETING OF COUNCIL – 12 April 2016 – Page 55-58 |url=http://www.mountalexander.vic.gov.au/Files/Ordinary_Meeting_of_Council_Minutes_12_April_2016.pdf}}</ref> |- |Birnin Ballarat |Yuni 2016 |100,283 |$76,854,921 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=City of Ballarat – Ordinary Council Meeting Minutes – 8 June 2016 – Page 12 |url=http://www.ballarat.vic.gov.au/media/3912470/8_june_2016_public_copy_minutes.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819051444/http://www.ballarat.vic.gov.au/media/3912470/8_june_2016_public_copy_minutes.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2016 |access-date=20 July 2016}}</ref> |- |Bass Coast Shire |Yuli 2016 |31,623 |$17,440,000 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bass Coast Shire Council – Agenda for Ordinary Meeting – Wednesday 20 July 2016 – Page 80 |url=http://www.basscoast.vic.gov.au/getmedia/2b3cc6a4-7349-4e5e-8777-b5b1a7c32002/2016_07_20_open_agenda.pdf.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024220943/http://www.basscoast.vic.gov.au/getmedia/2b3cc6a4-7349-4e5e-8777-b5b1a7c32002/2016_07_20_open_agenda.pdf.aspx |archive-date=24 October 2016 |access-date=24 October 2016}}</ref> |} === Yammacin Ostiraliya === {| class="wikitable" !Majalisar !Ranar Rarraba !Yawan jama'a !Kudin a Lokacin Rarraba !Takardun |- |Birnin Fremantle |Agusta 2014 |30,883 |$100,184,940 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=City of Fremantle – Minutes of Ordinary Meeting of Council – 27 August 2014 – Page 101 |url=http://www.fremantle.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/20140827%20%20-%20OCM%20-%20Minutes.pdf |access-date=30 July 2025 |archive-date=18 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418002029/https://www.fremantle.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/20140827%20%20-%20OCM%20-%20Minutes.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=City of Fremantle – Policy SG41 – Investment – 27 August 2014 |url=http://www.fremantle.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Investment-C-000102.pdf |access-date=30 July 2025 |archive-date=19 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419182832/https://www.fremantle.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Investment-C-000102.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Shire na Goomalling |Fabrairu 2015 |991 |$1,000,000 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shire of Goomalling – Minutes of – 4 February 2015 – Page 15 – Item 12.4 |url=http://www.goomalling.wa.gov.au/profiles/goomalling/assets/clientdata/document-centre/minutes/2015_minutes/minutes_february_2015_-_shire_of_goomalling.doc}}</ref> |- |Birnin Armadale |Nuwamba 2015 |77,586 |$122,248,041 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=City of Armadale – Ordinary Meeting of Council Minutes – 23 November 2015 – Pages 7–8 |url=http://www.armadale.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/assets/documents/council/minutes_-_ordinary_council_meeting_-_23_november_2015.pdf |access-date=30 July 2025 |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407215206/https://www.armadale.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/assets/documents/council/minutes_-_ordinary_council_meeting_-_23_november_2015.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=City of Armadale – Policy Manual Procedures and Practices – FIN 4 – 23 November 2015 – Pages 82, 277–279 |url=https://www.armadale.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/assets/documents/publications/Current_Policy_Manual.pdf |access-date=30 July 2025 |archive-date=20 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320192654/https://www.armadale.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/assets/documents/publications/Current_Policy_Manual.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Garin Bassendean |Maris 2016 |16,288 |$8,609,493 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Town of Bassendean – Minutes [of the] Ordinary Council Meeting – Item 10.16 – 22 March 2016 |url=http://www.bassendean.wa.gov.au/3_your_council/agendas_minutes/council-2016-03-22-min.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913205034/http://www.bassendean.wa.gov.au/3_your_council/agendas_minutes/council-2016-03-22-min.htm |archive-date=13 September 2016 |access-date=22 July 2016}}</ref> |- |Birnin Stirling |Mayu 2016 |227,367 |$201,318,794 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=City of Stirling – Minutes of the Ordinary Meeting – Item 10.16 – 3 May 2016 – Page 323 |url=http://www.stirling.wa.gov.au/Council/Meetings/Council%20meetings%20and%20petitions/Council%20Meetings%20Agenda%20and%20Minutes/Council%20Minutes%20-%203%20May%202016.pdf |access-date=30 July 2025 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220161153/http://www.stirling.wa.gov.au/Council/Meetings/Council%20meetings%20and%20petitions/Council%20Meetings%20Agenda%20and%20Minutes/Council%20Minutes%20-%203%20May%202016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Birnin East Fremantle |Yuni 2016 |7,831 |$5,702,520 |{{Ana bukatan hujja|reason=Public reference not available at this time|date=July 2016}} |- |Birnin Vincent |Agusta 2016 |37,279 |$19,683,412 |{{Ana bukatan hujja|reason=Public reference not available at this time|date=September 2016}} |- |Birnin Swan |Satumba 2016 |130,013 |$121,813,000 |{{Ana bukatan hujja|reason=Public reference not available at this time|date=September 2016}} |} === Sauran Jihohi === A Kudancin Australia, Yankin Arewa da Queensland, babu wani sanannen burbushin man fetur na majalisa a wannan lokacin. == Taimako na Al'umma da Tushen Bayanai == Kungiyoyin al'umma a kusa da Ostiraliya suna tallafawa majalisun Ostiraliya don fitar da su. Sakamakon aikin su an tattara shi ta hanyar Fossil Free Australia kuma tushen bayanai ya fito ne daga shafukan da ke akwai jama'a da takardu da aka samo a cikin Yankin jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fossil Free Australia |url=http://gofossilfree.org.au/fossil-free-councils/ |access-date=2025-07-30 |archive-date=2023-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303185401/http://gofossilfree.org.au/fossil-free-councils/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 00dvzmpxw9ak98tfgoismbv4i5mjtp6 0 109621 827721 701658 2026-04-29T12:15:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cquote|Think about how this next generation of kids could be inspired to be environmentalists and humanitarians. You know I'd like to see also, a thousand little game seeds planted. Not all the games are going to get prizes and not even that many are going to get recognized. But think of this new generation of game-makers and game innovators we're reaching. All these kids who've perhaps never even considered the impact of the environment are going to be getting knee deep in environmental issues. That's really exciting. You know kids really respond to this medium of video games in a way they don't to a newspaper or a heavy documentary. And I think that's the key. It's that we're reaching them on their own turf.|title=Suzanne Seggerman<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.loe.org/shows/segments.htm?programID=07-P13-00025&segmentID=3 |title=Global Warming Games|publisher=[[Living on Earth]]|last=Gellerman|first=Bruce|date=2007-06-22|access-date=2007-07-20}}</ref>}} [[File:Fate_of_the_World_Ingame.png|right|thumb|Hoton wasan daga Fate of the World, wasan dumama duniya]] '''Wasan bidiyo na canjin yanayi''', wanda aka fi sani da wasan dumama duniya, wani nau'i ne mai tsanani. A matsayin wasa mai tsanani, yana ƙoƙari ya kwaikwayon da bincika batutuwan rayuwa na ainihi don ilimantar da 'yan wasa ta hanyar kwarewar hulɗa. Batutuwan musamman ga [[Wasan Bidiyo|Wasan bidiyo]] na dumama duniya yawanci shine ingancin makamashi da aiwatar da [[Fasahar muhalli|Fasahar kore]] a matsayin hanyoyin rage hayakin gas kuma ta haka ne ya hana dumamar duniya. Wasannin dumama duniya sun haɗa da wasannin jirgi na gargajiya, wasannin bidiyo, da sauran nau'o'in kamar wasan kwaikwayo da wasannin masu yawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fernández Galeote |first=Daniel |last2=Rajanen |first2=Mikko |last3=Rajanen |first3=Dorina |last4=Legaki |first4=Nikoletta-Zampeta |last5=Langley |first5=David J |last6=Hamari |first6=Juho |date=2021-06-01 |title=Gamification for climate change engagement: review of corpus and future agenda |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=063004 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/abec05 |issn=1748-9326 |s2cid=233820212 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Ra'ayi == Babban manufofi na wasannin dumama duniya sune uku: # Don bunkasa masaniya da ilimin mai kunnawa game da batun dumamar yanayi da batutuwan da suka shafi # Don sa mai kunnawa ya san ƙalubalen da cikas da ake fuskanta yayin magance dumamar duniya # Lokaci-lokaci, wasannin suna ƙarfafa 'yan wasa su haɓaka ra'ayoyi da mafita ga dumamar duniya Manufar farko ita ce ta duniya ga wasannin dumama duniya. Batutuwan da ke kewaye da dumamar duniya da aka haɗa su ne hayakin [[Carbon dioxide|CO2]] da fitar da wasu iskar gas, narkewar kankara, hauhawar matakin teku, bala'o'i na halitta da manyan canje-canje ga salon rayuwa wanda ya haifar da dumamar yanayi. Wasanni da ba su wuce manufar ilimi da saba ba ana tsara su ne don matasa masu sauraro. Wasannin da aka tsara don yara ƙanana galibi suna da burin shiga cikin yara don motsa hankalinsu don mayar da hankali ga waɗannan mahimman ra'ayoyin. Manufar ta biyu an haɗa ta cikin wasanni ta hanyoyi da yawa. Wani lokaci nuna kalubalen fuskantar dumamar duniya ana sanya su kai tsaye a cikin salon wasan, misali don nuna wahalar hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa, ana sanya 'yan wasa su wakilci kasashe daban-daban kuma ana buƙatar su tattauna don cika burin wasan. Sauran lokuta, wasan ya haɗa da ƙalubalen a matsayin wani ɓangare na injiniyoyi, misali gina 'masana'antun kore' ya fi tsada fiye da gina 'masanan baƙar fata'. Manufar ƙarshe ta raba ta hanyar wasannin dumama na duniya da suka fi [[Rage canjin yanayi|ragewa]]. Ci gaba da mafita ga [[Canjin yanayi|dumamar duniya]] ya haɗa da manyan nau'ikan martani guda biyu: rage fitarwa da hayaki da tasirin dumamar duniya, da daidaitawa don rayuwa mai ɗorewa a cikin sabon [[Canjin yanayi|yanayi]]. Yawanci ana ba 'yan wasa zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban don su iya fitowa da mafita daban-daban. Wani lokaci ana ba 'yan wasa damar kirkirar nasu zaɓuɓɓuka na musamman don shiga cikin dabarun su. === Tsarin === Ana iya rarrabe wasannin canjin yanayi daga sauran wasannin da ke nuna canjin yanayi don nishaɗi. A matsayin wani nau'i na wasa mai tsanani, wasannin canjin yanayi galibi suna shiga 'yan wasa tare da manufofi masu mahimmanci da ƙalubalen da suka shafi muhalli don ƙarfafa ra'ayoyi da ilmantarwa. === Tasirin === An gano wasannin canjin yanayi azaman kayan aikin ilimi mai amfani. Meya & Eisenack sun gano wasan sauyin yanayi a matsayin tushen fa'ida mai amfani na koyo na gogewa, tare da kyakkyawar alaƙa tare da ra'ayoyin ɗalibai game da haɗin gwiwar siyasa da na duniya don magance sauyin yanayi.[1] Pfirman et al. lura da wasa don samun haɗin kai mafi girma kuma mai tasiri a cikin koyarwa da kimanta abubuwan da ke cikin canjin yanayi kamar karanta labarin da aka kwatanta.[2] Koyaya, ana buƙatar ƙarin aiki don tabbatar da girman tasirin wasannin canjin yanayi ga masu sauraro da yawa. Kwok ya lura cewa wasannin ilimi na iya samun son kai yayin da suke jan hankalin 'yan wasan da suka riga sun san kuma sun damu da canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kwok |first=Roberta |date=2019 |title=Can climate change games boost public understanding? |journal=PNAS |volume=116 |pages=7602–7604 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1903508116 |pmc=6475380 |pmid=30992396 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Razali et al. sun kuma lura cewa yawancin wasannin canjin yanayi ƙananan ne kuma ba su da ƙwarewa don sanar da 'yan wasa kan fannoni masu rikitarwa na canjin yanayi, kamar sake zagayowar carbon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Razali |first=Nurlieda Ellyanna Munirrah |last2=Ramli |first2=Ratna Zurani |last3=Mohamed |first3=Hazura |last4=Zin |first4=Nor Azan Mat |last5=Rosdi |first5=Fadhilah |last6=Diah |first6=Norizan Mat |date=2022 |title=Identifying and validating game design elements in serious game guideline for climate change |journal=Heliyon |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=e08773 |bibcode=2022Heliy...808773R |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08773 |pmc=8819523 |pmid=35146153 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Tarihi == Wasannin canjin yanayi da farko an rarraba su a matsayin wani ɓangare na wasannin bidiyo na kwaikwayo da suka shafi batutuwan siyasa da muhalli. Ulrich ya gano lakabi 31 a cikin 1997, tare da yawancin wasannin da aka nufa don koyar da masu sauraro ko masu ilimi. Wani bita na 2013 da Reckien & Eisenack suka lura cewa yawan da ƙwarewar wasannin canjin yanayi sun hanzarta a ƙarshen 2000s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reckien |first=Diana |last2=Eisenack |first2=Klaus |date=2013 |title=Climate Change Gaming on Board and Screen: A Review |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1046878113480867 |journal=Simulation & Gaming |volume=44 |issue=2–3 |pages=253–271 |doi=10.1177/1046878113480867 |s2cid=62130269 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Shahararrun misalai == === ''Ayyuka don daidaitawa'' === Act to Adapt, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Act to Adapt |url=https://www.climatecentre.org/games/2541/act-to-adapt/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=[[Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre]]}}</ref> wanda PLAN International ta kirkira, <ref name="auto8">{{Cite web |title=PLAN International |url=https://plan-international.org/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |publisher=[[PLAN International]]}}</ref> Cibiyar Yanayi ta Red Cross, <ref name="auto9"/> Lab na Engagement a Kwalejin Emerson, <ref name="auto5">{{Cite web |title=Engagement Lab at Emerson College |url=https://elab.emerson.edu/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=[[Emerson College]]}}</ref> da kuma Red Cross na Philippines, <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=Philippines Red Cross |url=https://redcross.org.ph/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=[[Philippines Red Cross]]}}</ref> babban wasan allon ne wanda ke raba 'yan wasa 10-30 zuwa 'ƙungiyar al'umma' da 'ƙungiyar haɗari.' Ƙungiyar al'ummar dole ne ta ba da fifiko da kare albarkatun al'umma masu rauni daga ƙungiyar haɗari, wanda ke wakiltar abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi mai tsanani da kuma akai-akai. An kirkiro wasan ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin karatun Y-adapta, wanda aka nufa don taimakawa yara su fahimci canjin yanayi.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |title=Y-adapt |url=https://www.climatecentre.org/priority_areas/youth/y-adapt/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre}}</ref> === ''Daidaitawa'' === Adaptation <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adaptation board game |url=https://www.adaptationscotland.org.uk/how-adapt/tools-and-resources/adaptation-board-game |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=[[Adaptation Scotland]]}}</ref> daga Adaptation Scotland <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adaptation Scotland |url=https://www.adaptationscotland.org.uk/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=Adaptation Scotland}}</ref> wasa ne na jirgi don ƙungiyoyin mutane da ke amfani da dice don motsawa a cikin jirgi, sauka a kan murabba'i wanda ko dai yana da kuɗi ko adana kuɗi saboda mummunan yanayi da saka hannun jari. A ƙarshen wasan, ƙungiyar da ke da mafi yawan kuɗi ta ci nasara. Adaptation Scotland na son 'yan wasa su yi wasa bayan sun fuskanci gabatarwar su ta "Introduction to Adaptation", wanda ake sabuntawa akai-akai. Masu sha'awar na iya neman sabon sigar ta hanyar aikawa da imel Adaptation Scotland. === ''Duniya ta Cantor'' === Cantor's World, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cantor's World |url=http://fieldsofview.in/projects/cantors-world/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |publisher=[[Fields of View]]}}</ref> wanda UNESCO MGIEP (Kungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Mahatma Gandhi don Zaman Lafiya da Ci gaba mai dorewa) <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNESCO MGIEP |url=https://mgiep.unesco.org/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |publisher=[[UNESCO MGIEP]]}}</ref> da kuma Filin Ra'ayi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fields of View |url=https://fieldsofview.in/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |publisher=[[Fields of View]]}}</ref> yana buƙatar 'yan wasa suyi aiki a matsayin manyan masu tsara manufofi na ƙasashe, da kuma saita burin ci gaba mai ɗorewa <ref>{{Cite web |title=sustainable development goals |url=https://sdgs.un.org/goals |access-date=2023-08-17 |publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> sannan saka hannun jari a cikin manufofi don cimma waɗannan burin. 'Yan wasan suna iya ganin sakamakon manufofinsu a cikin Gross National Development, Human Development Index da Inclusive Wealth Index, kuma yana mai da hankali kan Sustainability Goal # 13, "Yana daukar mataki na gaggawa don yaki da canjin yanayi da tasirinsa".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts |url=https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal13 |access-date=2023-08-17 |publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> An yi niyyar buga wasan ne a jami'o'i ta hanyar daliban manufofin jama'a, tattalin arziki, da nazarin dorewa. Ya zuwa 2023, wannan wasan yana samuwa ne kawai ta hanyar jami'o'i.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Shelby |date=2019-07-22 |title=United Nations wants to promote peace, sustainability through mobile games |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/gaming/unesco-wants-to-promote-peace-and-sustainability-through-mobile-games/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |publisher=[[CNET]]}}</ref> === ''Carbon City Zero'' === ''Carbon City Zero'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carbon City Zero |url=https://www.wearepossible.org/carbon-city-zero |access-date=2021-06-20 |website=Possible |language=en-US}}</ref> wasa ne na dumama duniya wanda kungiyar agaji ta Possible ta buga a watan Janairun 2021. Wasan wasa ne na haɗin gwiwar ginin katako ga mutane 1-4 inda 'yan wasa ke ɗaukar matsayin magajin gari da ke aiki don haɓaka birane masu ɗorewa ta hanyar haɓaka sufuri, canza masana'antu, da samun' yan ƙasa a cikin jirgin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Styles |first=Christopher |date=2021-02-15 |title=Carbon Countdown - Using games to recontextualise "wicked problems". |url=https://sciculture.eu/carbon-countdown-using-games-to-recontextualise-wicked-problems/ |access-date=2021-06-20 |website=SciCulture |language=en-GB}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka saki shi a kan Kickstarter, an samar da wasan a matsayin kyauta ta hanyar bugawa da wasa ta hanyar PnP Arcade kuma a matsayin wasan kan layi akan Tabletopia . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carbon City Zero |url=https://www.pnparcade.com/products/carbon-city-zero |access-date=2021-06-20 |website=PNPArcade }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carbon City Zero: World Edition |url=https://tabletopia.com/games/carbon-city-zero |access-date=2021-06-20 |website=Tabletopia |language=en}}</ref> === ''Simulation na Ayyukan Yanayi'' === Climate Action Simulation <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Action Simulation |url=https://www.climateinteractive.org/climate-action-simulation/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |publisher=[[Climate Interactive]]}}</ref> wasa ne mai taka rawa wanda Climate Interactive, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rooney-Varga |first=Juliette N. |last2=Kapmeier |first2=Florian |last3=Sterman |first3=John D. |last4=Jones |first4=Andrew P. |last5=Putko |first5=Michele |last6=Rath |first6=Kenneth |date=2020 |title=The Climate Action Simulation |journal=Simulation & Gaming |publisher=SAGE Publications |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=114–140 |doi=10.1177/1046878119890643 |s2cid=214140367 |doi-access=free}}</ref> MIT Sloan Sustainability Initiative, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Interactive |url=https://www.climateinteractive.org/ |access-date=5 September 2023 |website=Climate Interactive}}</ref> da UMass Lowell Climate Change Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MIT Sloan Sustainability Initiative |url=https://mitsloan.mit.edu/sustainability-initiative/welcome |access-date=2023-08-04 |publisher=[[MIT Sloan School of Management]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UMass Lowell Climate Change Initiative |url=https://www.uml.edu/research/climate-change/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |publisher=[[UMass Lowell]]}}</ref> don kungiyoyi don bincika masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban da mafita waɗanda ke buƙatar hadin kai don ɗaukar mataki kan canjin yanayi. Yana amfani da simulator na En-ROADS, yana bawa mahalarta damar tantance tasirin mafita daban-daban ga canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=En-ROADS simulator |url=https://www.climateinteractive.org/en-roads/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |publisher=Climate Interactive}}</ref> Wasan yana kwaikwayon taron koli na gaggawa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don haɓaka shirin da ke iyakance dumamar yanayi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati, kasuwanci, da wakilan jama'a. === ''Wasan Daidaita Yanayi'' === ''Wasan Daidaita Yanayi'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Adaptation Game |url=https://www.smhi.se/en/climate/education/adaptation-game-1.153788 |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=[[Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute]]}}</ref> Cibiyar Ilimi ta Kasa ta Sweden ce ta haɓaka shi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swedish National Knowledge Center for Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.smhi.se/en/climate/education/adaptation-game-1.153788 |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=[[Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute]]}}</ref> da Jami'ar Linköping. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linköping University |url=https://liu.se/en |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=[[Linköping University]]}}</ref> A cikin wani bita da Cibiyar Buga Littattafai ta Multidisciplinary Digital ta buga, marubutan sun rubuta cewa "yana da niyyar samar da gogewa game da tasirin matakan daidaita yanayin yanayi, kuma yana kwatanta alaƙa da zaɓaɓɓun manufofi na Agenda 2030, wanda mai kunnawa ya kamata ya yi la'akari da tasirin abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi masu haɗari. Tsarin wasan ya gina a kan mahimman manufofi a cikin Ilimi don Ci gaba mai ɗorewa wanda ya haɗu da cikakkun ra'ayoyi, ƙwarewar aiki, ƙwarewa da buƙatun ɗalibai da yawa. Wannan binciken ya jawo hankali kan zaman kansu ga wasan fahimtar abubuwan da yawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hansen |first=Tina-Simone |last2=Neset |first2=Lotta |last3=Andersson |first3=Ola |last4=Uhrqvist |first4=Carlo |last5=Navarra |date=27 February 2020 |title=Serious Gaming for Climate Adaptation—Assessing the Potential and Challenges of a Digital Serious Game for Urban Climate Adaptation |journal=Sustainability |publisher=Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |volume=12 |issue=5 |page=1789 |bibcode=2020Sust...12.1789N |doi=10.3390/su12051789 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Ƙalubalen Yanayi === ''Climate Challenge'' is a Flash-based simulation game produced by the BBC and developed by Red Redemption Ltd. Players manage the economy and resources of the 'European Nations' as its president, while reducing emissions of CO2 to combat climate change and managing crises. ''Climate Challenge'' is an environmental serious game, designed to give players an understanding of the science behind climate change, as well as the options available to policy makers and the difficulties in their implementation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Challenge |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/hottopics/climatechange/climate_challenge/aboutgame.shtml |access-date=2007-07-20 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> === ''Ruwan murjani'' === Coral Bleaching <ref>{{Cite web |title=Coral Bleaching |url=https://climatekids.nasa.gov/coral-bleaching/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]}}</ref> wasa ne mai sauƙi na kan layi don yara ƙanana. 'Yan wasa na iya gwaji tare da tasirin canza zafin jiki, matakin gurɓata da guguwa a kan murjani mai haske. === ''Kogin Crabby'' === Crabby's Reef <ref>{{Cite web |title=Crabby's Reef |url=https://seriousgeogames.itch.io/crabbys-reef |access-date=2023-08-16 |publisher=[[Monash University]]}}</ref> wasa ne na gargajiya wanda aka kirkira a SeriousGeoGames Lab a Cibiyar Makamashi da Muhalli a Jami'ar Hull, Burtaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Energy and Environment Institute |url=https://www.hull.ac.uk/work-with-us/research/institutes/energy-and-environment-institute |access-date=2023-08-16 |publisher=[[University of Hull]]}}</ref> 'Yan wasan suna neman abinci kuma suna guje wa masu cin nama. Yayin da suke ci gaba, suna motsawa zuwa nan gaba inda karuwar acidity na teku ke sa rayuwa ta fi wuya. === ''Uncle Cranky'' === Masanin kimiyya na Jami'ar Monash John Cook ne ya kirkiro wasan Cranky Uncle <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cranky Uncle |url=https://crankyuncle.com/game/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |publisher=[[Monash University]]}}</ref> tare da hadin gwiwar kamfanin kirkirar Goodbeast. Yana amfani da zane-zane da tunani mai mahimmanci don magance musanta canjin yanayi. Yana samuwa kyauta akan iPhone, Android, kuma a matsayin wasan bincike. === Wasan CrowdWater === Wasan CrowdWater <ref>{{Cite web |title=CrowdWater game |url=https://crowdwater.ch/en/app-2/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |publisher=[[SPOTTERON]]}}</ref> ya dogara ne akan bayanai daga aikace-aikacen CrowdWator. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Strobl |first=Barbara |last2=Etter |first2=Simon |last3=van Meerveld |first3=Ilja |last4=Seibert |first4=Jan |date=26 September 2019 |title=The CrowdWater game: A playful way to improve the accuracy of crowdsourced water level class data |journal=PLOS ONE |language=English |volume=14 |issue=9 |pages=e0222579 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1422579S |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0222579 |pmc=6763123 |pmid=31557184 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CrowdWater app |url=https://cwgame.spotteron.net/championship |access-date=2023-08-04 |publisher=SPOTTERON}}</ref> ya fito ne daga ƙungiyar Hydrology da Climate (H2K) a cikin Sashen Geography a Jami'ar Zurich . Masu amfani da aikace-aikacen suna ba da hotuna na matakan ruwa a duk duniya. Za'a iya kwatanta nau'ikan hotuna daga wannan shafin da juna a cikin wasan CrowdWater don tabbatar da bayanan da ke shigowa da inganta ingancin jerin lokutan matakin ruwa. 'Yan wasa na iya samun maki, kuma kowane wata za su iya lashe kyaututtuka. Kamfanin software na SPOTTERON ya haɓaka kuma yana kula da aikace-aikacen kuma yana kula le fannoni na shari'a na tattara irin waɗannan bayanan. === ''Rarraba Bala'o'i'' === An tsara Dissolving Disasters <ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Dissolving Disasters |url=https://www.climatecentre.org/games/2516/dissolving-disasters/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre}}</ref> don Gidauniyar Rockefeller <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Solinska-Nowak |first=Aleksandra |last2=Magnuszewski |first2=Piotr |last3=Curl |first3=Margot |last4=French |first4=Adam |last5=Keating |first5=Adriana |last6=Mochizuki |first6=Junko |last7=Liu |first7=Wei |last8=Mechler |first8=Reinhard |last9=Kulakowska |first9=Michalina |last10=Jarzabek |first10=Lukasz |date=October 2018 |title=An overview of serious games for disaster risk management – Prospects and limitations for informing actions to arrest increasing risk |journal=International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction |volume=31 |pages=1013–1029 |bibcode=2018IJDRR..31.1013S |doi=10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.09.001 |s2cid=169581647 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Workshop Series on Resilience, wanda aka gudanar a Birnin New York a watan Yuli da Agusta 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rockefeller Foundation |url=https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=[[Rockefeller Foundation]]}}</ref> An haɓaka wannan wasan ne tare da tallafi daga Red Cross na Amurka (International Services Team), kuma daga tallafin bincike ga Cibiyar Yanayi ta Red Cross daga Cibiyar Ilimin Yanayi da Ci Gaban (CDKN Action Lab Innovation Fund).<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web |title=American Red Cross International Services Team |url=https://www.redcross.org/about-us/our-work/international-services.html |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=[[American Red Cross]]}}</ref><ref name="auto9"/><ref name="auto"/> An buga shi a cikin sararin samaniya, na rectangular inda 'yan wasa ke da damar tafiya, mahalarta suna aiki ne a matsayin manoma masu cin gashin kansu da ke fuskantar haɗarin canji saboda canjin yanayi. === ''EcoChains'' === EcoChains, [1] wasan allo wanda Joey J. Lee da Stephanie Pfirman suka tsara kuma Jogolabs suka buga, [2] yana buƙatar 'yan wasa su yi amfani da katunan aiki don hana canjin yanayi daga lalata sarƙoƙin abinci na Arctic. === ''Wasan'' ''Canjin Makamashi'' === ''Wasan Canjin Makamashi'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Energy Transition Game |url=https://energytransition.socialsimulations.org/en/#roles |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Energy Transition Game |publisher=Centre for Systems Solutions - CRS}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stanitsas |first=Marios |last2=Kirytopoulos |first2=Konstantinos |last3=Vareilles |first3=Élise |date=2019 |title=Facilitating sustainability transition through serious games: A systematic literature review |url=https://hal-mines-albi.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01918890/file/facilitating-sustainability.pdf |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=208 |pages=924–936 |bibcode=2019JCPro.208..924S |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.157 |s2cid=158952849}}</ref> wanda aka yi niyya ga masu ruwa da tsaki, daga cibiyoyin kudi da jami'an gwamnati zuwa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da membobin al'umma, yana ɗaukar 'yan wasa ta hanyar aiwatar da sauyawa daga man fetur zuwa makamashi mai sabuntawa duk da juriya game da irin wannan canji. === ''Makomar Duniya'' === {{Reflist}} Fate of the World wasa ne na [[Microsoft Windows]] da Mac OS na 2011 wanda Redemption, masu haɓaka Climate Challenge suka haɓaka kuma suka buga. Yana mai da hankali kan shugabancin duniya, tare da burin da suka fara daga inganta yanayin rayuwa a [[Afirka]], zuwa hana [[Canjin yanayi]] mai ban tsoro, zuwa kara shi. Ya dogara ne akan wani rikitarwa model na yawan jama'a, tattalin arziki samar da greenhouse hayaki bisa ga real-world data.<ref name="home">{{Cite web |last=Red Redemption |date=28 February 2011 |title=Fate of the World: Real Science. Real Consequences |url=http://fateoftheworld.net |access-date=1 March 2011 |publisher=}}</ref> === ''Fure'' === {{Reflist}} Flower wasa ne na bidiyo wanda Thatgamecompany ya haɓaka kuma Sony Computer Entertainment ta buga shi. Jenova Chen da Nicholas Clark ne suka tsara shi kuma an sake shi a watan Fabrairun 2009 a PlayStation 3, ta hanyar PlayStation Network. PlayStation 4 da PlayStation Vita versions na wasan sun kasance daga Bluepoint Games kuma an sake su a watan Nuwamba 2013. An saki sigar iOS a watan Satumbar 2017, kuma an saki sigar [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] a watan Fabrairun 2019, duka an buga su ta hanyar Annapurna Interactive. An yi niyyar wasan ne a matsayin "mai maye gurbin ruhaniya" ga Flow, taken da Chen da Thatgamecompany suka yi a baya. A cikin Flower, mai kunnawa yana sarrafa iska, yana hura ''''Fure'''' ta cikin iska ta amfani da motsi na mai kula da wasan. ''Gudun ruwa'' da furanni yana haifar da petal din mai kunnawa yana biye da wasu petals na furanni. Kusantar furanni na iya samun sakamako na gefe a duniyar wasan, kamar kawo launi mai haske zuwa filayen da suka mutu a baya ko kunna Turbines na iska. Wasan ba shi da rubutu ko tattaunawa, yana samar da labarin da farko ta hanyar wakilci na gani da alamun motsin rai. An yi amfani da Flower ne don tayar da motsin rai mai kyau a cikin mai kunnawa, maimakon ya zama kalubale da " nishaɗi". Chen ne ya haifar da wannan mayar da hankali, wanda ya ji cewa ainihin manufar samfuran nishaɗi kamar wasannin bidiyo shine jin daɗin da ''Fure'' haifar da masu sauraro kuma cewa yanayin motsin zuciyar mafi yawan wasannin yana da iyaka sosai. Kungiyar ta kalli kokarin su a matsayin ƙirƙirar aikin fasaha, ''Fure'' abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo da injiniyoyi waɗanda ba sa haifar da martani da ake so a cikin 'yan wasan. Waƙar, wanda Vincent Diamante ya kirkiro, yana amsawa sosai ga ayyukan mai kunnawa kuma ya dace da alamun motsin rai a cikin wasan. Flower ya kasance babban nasara, ga mamakin masu haɓakawa. Masu bita sun yaba da kiɗa na wasan, abubuwan gani, da wasan kwaikwayo, suna kiransa kwarewar motsin rai ta musamman da tilasta. An kira shi "mafi kyawun wasan mai zaman kansa na 2009" a Spike Video Game Awards, kuma ya lashe kyautar "Casual Game of the Year" ta Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kasuwanci da Kimiyya. === ''Jima'i da Wasan Yanayi'' === Wasan Jima'i da Yanayi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender and Climate Game |url=https://www.climatecentre.org/games/2510/gender-and-climate-game/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre}}</ref> wasa ne na ilmantarwa da sadarwa don koyar da raunin mata da maza da ke fuskantar canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gerber |first=Andreas |last2=Ulrich |first2=Markus |last3=Wäger |first3=Flurin X. |last4=Roca-Puigròs |first4=Marta |last5=Gonçalves |first5=João S. V. |last6=Wäger |first6=Patrick |date=January 2021 |title=Games on Climate Change: Identifying Development Potentials through Advanced Classification and Game Characteristics Mapping |journal=Sustainability |volume=13 |issue=4 |page=1997 |bibcode=2021Sust...13.1997G |doi=10.3390/su13041997 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Kamar wasan Dissolving Disasters daga wannan tushe (duba sama), 'yan wasa sun fara ɗaukar matsayin manoma masu cin gashin kansu da ke fuskantar haɗari masu canzawa, sannan su fuskanci yadda wannan rawar ta canza tare da canjin jinsi.<ref name="auto3"/> An haɓaka wasan ne tare da tallafi daga Red Cross na Amurka (International Services Team), <ref name="auto6"/> kuma daga tallafin bincike ga Cibiyar Yanayi ta Red Cross / Red Crescent <ref name="auto9">{{Cite web |title=Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre |url=https://www.climatecentre.org/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre}}</ref> daga Cibiyar Ilimin Yanayi da Ci Gaban (CDKN Action Lab Innovation Fund). <ref name="auto"/> === ''Manufofin!'' === ''Manufofin!'' , <ref>{{Cite web |title=Go Goals! |url=https://go-goals.org/downloadable-material/ |access-date=2023-08-22 |publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> wanda Cibiyar Bayanai ta Yankin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kirkira don Yammacin Turai, <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2020 |title='Go Goals' family board game to learn about Sustainable Development |url=https://unric.org/en/go-goals-family-board-game-to-learn-about-sustainable-development/#:~:text=Easy%20to%20play%2C%20the%20game,other%20global%20issues%20and%20priorities. |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=United Nations Regional Information Center for Western Europe |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> wasa ne na kwamiti wanda ake samu a cikin harsuna da yawa wanda aka nufa don taimakawa yara su fahimci Manufofin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkinobho. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Regional Information Centre for Western Europe |url=https://unric.org/en/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=THE 17 GOALS |url=https://sdgs.un.org/goals |access-date=2023-08-17 |publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> === ''Wasan Gas na Greenhouse'' === ''Wasan Gas na Greenhouse'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Greenhouse Gas Game |url=https://www.climatecentre.org/games/2508/greenhouse-gas-game/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |publisher=Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre}}</ref> wani bangare ne na tsarin karatun Y-adapta wanda aka nufa don taimakawa yara su fahimci canjin yanayi.<ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto8"/> Cibiyar Yanayi ta Red Cross ce ta kirkiro wasan, da Engagement Lab a Kwalejin Emerson, da kuma Red Cross na Philippines.<ref name="auto9"/><ref name="auto5"/><ref name="auto2"/> 'Yan wasan suna aiki ne a matsayin zafin hasken rana mai shigowa ko kuma a matsayin iskar gas don koyon yadda waɗannan iskar gas ɗin ke kama zafi, da kuma yadda hakan ke da alaƙa da dumamar duniya, da kuma tasirin haɗari na dumamar duniya. === ''Sa hannun jari a nan gaba'' === Zuba jari a nan gaba, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Invest in the Future |url=https://www.climatecentre.org/games/2506/invest-in-the-future/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |publisher=Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre}}</ref> bisa ga wasan Flexible Forward-thinking Decision-Making wanda aka tsara ta Antidote Games <ref>{{Cite web |title=Antidote Games |url=https://uncommonplaces.com/projects/antidote/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |publisher=[[Ida Benedetto (artist)|Ida Benedetto]] |archive-date=2023-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814195824/https://uncommonplaces.com/projects/antidote/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma aka haɓaka tare da Cibiyar Yanayi ta Red Cross Red Crescent <ref name="auto9"/> don amfani tare da masu tsara gundumar, wasan katin ne wanda ke haɗakar da dabarun da labarun don yin wa 'yan wasa wahayi don yin la'akari da canjin yanayi yayin da suke yin zaɓin saka hannun jari mai ɗorewa. An sake tsara shi azaman wasan ilmantarwa na kwarewa ga matasa a kudu maso gabashin Asiya ta hanyar enGAgeMEnt Lab a Kwalejin Emerson, tare da hadin gwiwar Cibiyar Yanayi ta Red Cross Red Crescent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=enGAgeMEnt Lab |url=https://elab.emerson.edu/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |publisher=[[Emerson College]]}}</ref> === ''Ci gaba da sanyaya'' === Keep Cool wasa ne na kwamiti wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Tasirin Yanayi ta Potsdam ta kirkira kuma kamfanin Spieltrieb na Jamus ya buga shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2004. Har zuwa 'yan wasa shida da ke wakiltar ƙasashen duniya suna gasa don daidaita bukatun tattalin arzikin su da yanayin duniya a wasan tattaunawa. Manufar wasan kamar yadda marubutan suka bayyana shine " inganta ilimin gaba ɗaya game da canjin yanayi da fahimtar matsaloli da cikas, da kuma "don samar da shi don wasan jirgi kuma har yanzu yana riƙe da manyan abubuwa da matakai. " <ref name="keep cool">{{Cite web |last=Eisenack, Klaus |last2=Petschel-Held, Gerhard |title=The Authors: Science and Games |url=http://www.spiel-keep-cool.de/ |access-date=2007-07-25}}</ref> Nazarin ƙididdiga tare da ɗalibai sama da 200 ya nuna cewa Keep Cool yana sauƙaƙa ilmantarwa na gwaji game da canjin yanayi kuma yana taimakawa "don haɓaka imani na mutum game da ci gaba mai ɗorewa ta hanyar fuskantar tsarin tsarin rikitarwa waɗanda ba a iya gani a rayuwar yau da kullun ba. "<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meya |first=Jasper N. |last2=Eisenack |first2=Klaus |date=August 2018 |title=Effectiveness of gaming for communicating and teaching climate change |url=https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/handle/18452/19316 |journal=Climatic Change |volume=149 |issue=3–4 |pages=319–333 |bibcode=2018ClCh..149..319M |doi=10.1007/s10584-018-2254-7 |issn=0165-0009 |s2cid=51991940}}</ref> === ''LogiCity'' === ''LogiCity'' wasa ne na kwamfuta mai ma'amala da ke da tushe a Flash, wanda Logicom da [[Cibiyar Energy ta ƙasa|Gidauniyar Makamashi ta Kasa]] suka samar, ƙungiyar agaji ta Turanci. An saita wasan a cikin birni mai kama da 3D tare da manyan ayyuka guda biyar inda aka saita 'yan wasa aikin rage sawun carbon na matsakaicin mazaunin. A ƙarshen wasan an kai su gaba zuwa 2066 don ganin idan sun yi isasshen don ceton Ingila daga mafi munin matsalolin da ke tattare da [[Canjin yanayi]] na duniya. An ƙaddamar da wasan kuma mayar da hankali kan 2066 don kawo gida ga 'yan wasa gaskiyar canje-canjen da za su iya fuskanta a rayuwarsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LogiCity: Will You Survive? |url=http://www.logicity.co.uk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117070830/http://www.logicity.co.uk/ |archive-date=2008-01-17 |access-date=2008-01-15 |publisher=[[National Energy Foundation]]}}</ref> Dangane da ƙarancin sha'awa a wasan, an yi tattaunawa ta kan layi game da sake fasalin wasan don yin wasan da 'yan wasa sun fi girma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Logicity Revamp / Logicity 2.0? |url=https://logicworld.net/view/pst-b99070ae/logicity-revamp--logicity-20 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Logic World |publisher=Mouse Hat Games}}</ref> An kirkiro wasan ne a matsayin wani bangare na shirin kalubalen yanayi na Defra (Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Abinci da Karkara) don kara wayar da kan jama'a game da sauyin yanayi a fadin kasar. Gidauniyar Makamashi ta Kasa, Logicom da Gas na Biritaniya suma sun ba da tallafi ga ci gaban wasan. An ƙirƙira LogiCity don amfani da ɗaiɗaikun mutane kuma a cikin mahallin ilimi. An bayyana cewa ya dace da yawancin yara daga masu shekaru 10 ko 11 zuwa sama (Turanci KS3+), kodayake babban rukunin da ake nufi shine matasa masu shekaru 16-26.[2]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Challenge Project |url=http://www.climatechallenge.gov.uk/whats_being_done/projects/logicity/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225130700/http://www.climatechallenge.gov.uk/whats_being_done/projects/logicity/default.aspx |archive-date=2008-02-25 |access-date=2008-01-22 |publisher=[[Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs|DEFRA]]}}</ref>. === ''Jagoran Wannan Bala'i'' === Master that Disaster <ref>{{Cite web |title=Master that Disaster |url=https://www.climatecentre.org/games/2503/master-that-disaster/ |access-date=2023-08-15 |publisher=Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre}}</ref> an haɓaka shi ne tare da haɗin gwiwar Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Master that Disaster |url=https://www.fao.org/home/en |access-date=2023-08-15 |publisher=[[United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}</ref> bisa ga wasan tallafin hadarin bala'i da aka kirkira don Shirin Kudin Hadarin Bala'i da Inshora na Bankin Duniya (DRFI). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance (DRFI) Program |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/disaster-risk-financing-and-insurance-program |access-date=2023-08-15 |publisher=[[United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}</ref> 'Yan wasan suna ɗaukar matsayin manoma masu cin gashin kansu, waɗanda ke fuskantar haɗarin canzawa sakamakon canjin yanayi. Dole ne su yanke shawara na mutum da na rukuni sannan su koyi sakamakon waɗannan yanke shawara. An yi wasan ne don manajojin bala'i, masu tsara manufofi, da masu ba da gudummawa, kuma ya kamata a buga shi a cikin babban ɗaki tare da tebur da kujeru. === ''Ma'aikatan Rashin Rashin Rikici'' === A cikin wasan kwamitin Minions of Disruption, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Minions of Disruption |url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/322718/minions-disruptions-collaborative-climate-game-org |access-date=2023-08-10 |publisher=[[Board Game Geek]]}}</ref> wanda Shu Liang, wanda ya kafa kuma darektan Day of Adaptation, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Day of Adaptation |url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/322718/minions-disruptions-collaborative-climate-game-org |access-date=2023-08-10 |publisher=Day of Adaptation}}</ref> 'yan wasan abokan aiki ne a cikin kungiyoyi ko makwabta daga wannan al'umma da ke yaki da ma'aikatan yanayi, Carbions da Climmies, waɗanda ke haifar da canjin yanayi. 'Yan wasan suna ba da hadin kai don kunna Zillians, manyan jarumawa waɗanda ke ba da ƙungiyoyi da juriya don makomar mai ɗorewa. === ''Sabbin Yankin: Wasan Dimokuradiyya'' === New Shores: a Game for Democracy, <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Shores; A simulation for climate and democracy |url=https://newshores.socialsimulations.org/#main |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=New Shores; A simulation for climate and democracy |publisher=Centre for Systems Solutions (CRS)}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Solinska |first=A. |last2=Zototo |first2=Wtadystaw |last3=Vastag |first3=Zsuzsa |last4=Borvak |first4=Maria |last5=Balazs |first5=Lilla |last6=Veress |first6=Tanas |title=Nauru Game: For Active Citizenship of Youth |url=https://yicy2020.cyprusinteractionlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Workshop-scenario.pdf |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=New Shores: A game for democracy |publisher=Cyprus Interaction Lab }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wanda Cibiyar Sakamako ta Tsarin (CRS) ta kirkira, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre for Systems Solutions - CRS |url=https://systemssolutions.org/ |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Centre for Systems Solutions}}</ref> ta sa 'yan wasa a tsibirin da ba a tsammani ba tare da gandun daji mai kyau a kan ajiyar kwal mai amfani wanda zai iya inganta tattalin arzikin tsibirin. Za su iya yin hadin gwiwa ta hanyar dimokuradiyya don cimma sakamako mafi kyau ga kowa, ko kuma su biya bukatunsu, ba tare da la'akari da jin daɗin sauran mazaunan tsibirin ba tare da sakamako masu zuwa. === ''Biyan Tsinkaya'' === Taimako don bunkasa wasan biyan kuɗi don tsinkaya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paying for Predictions |url=https://www.climatecentre.org/games/2501/paying-for-predictions/ |access-date=2023-08-15 |publisher=Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre}}</ref> ya fito ne daga Ƙungiyar Ayyuka ta Red Cross ta Duniya ta Amurka, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mendler de Suarez |first=Janot |last2=Pablo |first2=Suarez |last3=Bachofen |first3=Carina |title=Games for a New Climate: Experiencing the Complexity of Future Risks |url=http://www.homepages.ed.ac.uk/shs/Climatechange/Geo-politics/Games-for-a-New-Climate-TF-Nov2012.pdf |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=Games-for-a-New-Climate-TF-Nov2012.pdf |publisher=Boston University }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> kuma daga tallafin bincike ga Cibiyar Yanayi ta Red Cross <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre |url=https://www.climatecentre.org |access-date=2023-08-15 |publisher=Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre}}</ref> daga Cibiyar Ilimi ta Yanayi da Ci Gaban (CDKN Action Lab Innovaton Fund). <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Services Team |url=https://www.redcross.org/about-us/our-work/international-services.html |access-date=2023-08-15 |publisher=[[American Red Cross]]}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Climate and Development Knowledge Network CDKN Action Lab Innovation Fund |url=https://futureconsiderations.com/clients/cdkn-innovation-lab/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |publisher=[[Climate and Development Knowledge Network]] |archive-date=2023-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812215801/https://futureconsiderations.com/clients/cdkn-innovation-lab/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin ɗaki da aka yi da tebur da kujeru, 'yan wasa suna aiki a matsayin ma'aikatan jin kai da ke fuskantar sauye-sauyen haɗarin yanayi da yin yanke shawara na mutum da na rukuni tare da sakamako. 'Yan wasa na iya cin nasara a matsayin mutane ko kungiyoyi: wanda ya ci nasara yana da mafi yawan albarkatun da suka rage a ƙarshen wasan, kuma wanda ya ci nasarar rukuni yana da mafi ƙarancin rikice-rikicen jin kai. An yi wasan ne don ayyuka da yawa: manajojin bala'i, masu sa kai, jami'an reshe, hukumomin sabis na yanayi, masu ba da gudummawa, da sauransu. === PHUSICOS NBS simulation === Cibiyar Sadarwar Tsarin Tsarin (CRS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Learn more about our organization |url=https://systemssolutions.org/ |website=Centre for Systems Solutions}}</ref> da Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarin Duniya (IIASA) ne suka kirkiro simulation na PHUSICOS NBS (Nature Based Solutions) <ref name="auto10" /> tare da kudade daga shirin bincike da kirkire-kirkire na Horizon 2020 na Tarayyar Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 9, 2023 |title=The Phusicos NBS Simulation |url=https://phusicos.socialsimulations.org/ |website=The Phusicos NBS Simulation}}</ref> An yi wasan ne don masu amfani da yawa, gami da malamai, masana masu dorewa, masu gudanar da jama'a, da membobin al'ummomin yankin, kuma yana kwaikwayon yadda masu ruwa da tsaki da ra'ayoyi daban-daban na duniya zasu iya haɓaka mafita ta hanyar yanayi. Yin wasa yana buƙatar 'yan wasa suyi la'akari da batutuwan canjin yanayi daga ra'ayoyin wasu masu ruwa da tsaki. === ''Shirye-shiryen'' === Ready, <ref name="auto7">{{Cite web |title=Race for Risk Reduction |url=https://www.climatecentre.org/games/2499/race-for-risk-reduction/ |access-date=2023-08-15 |publisher=Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre}}</ref> wanda aka haɓaka tare da taimako daga Ƙungiyar Ayyuka ta Red Cross ta Duniya <ref name="auto6"/> da kuma tallafin bincike ga Cibiyar Yanayi ta Red Cross <ref name="auto1"/> daga Cibiyar Ilimin Yanayi da Ci Gaban (CDKN Action Lab Innovation Fund), <ref name="auto"/> wasa ne na zahiri da aka nufa ga membobin al'umma tare da taimako ga manajojin bala'i da masu sa kai don yin wahayi zuwa tattaunawa game da ''Shirye-shiryen'' bala'i na musamman da rage haɗarin bala'i. === ''Bears na Ceto'' === Rescue Polar Bears <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rescue Polar Bears |url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/205544/rescue-polar-bears |access-date=2023-08-10 |publisher=[[Boxed Lightning]]}}</ref> wasa ne na kwamiti wanda Darren Black da Huang Yi Ming suka tsara tare da fasahar Collin Wang . 'Yan wasan suna aiki tare da juna ta hanyar zabar ayyuka da tasirin katin don adana dukkan bears na polar kafin kankara da suke tsaye a kan narkewa. Kowane mai kunnawa yana zaɓar jirgi wanda ke wakiltar al'umma, kuma jiragen ruwa daban-daban suna da ƙwarewa daban-daban. === ''Tsinkaye da Garkuwa'' === Cibiyar Yanayi ta Red Cross Red Crescent ce ta gyara Shocks and Shields <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shocks and Shields |url=https://www.climatecentre.org/games/2491/shocks-and-shields/ |access-date=2023-08-15 |publisher=Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre}}</ref> daga wani aikin da Cibiyar Nazarin Ayyuka ta gabatar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2018 |title=Shocks and shields |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/publication/shocks-and-shields |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=United Nations Office for Disaster Prevention Web Risk Reduction (UNDRR) |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> kuma an ba da lasisi a ƙarƙashin lasisin Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Applied Improvisation Network |url=https://www.appliedimprovisationnetwork.org/ |access-date=2023-08-15 |publisher=[[Applied Improvisation Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Creative Commons |url=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |access-date=2023-08-15 |publisher=[[Creative Commons]]}}</ref> 'Yan wasan suna fuskantar ƙaura bayan girgizar yanayi, kuma an yi wasan ne don ƙirƙirar haɗin kai tsakanin mahalarta. === ''Wasan da ya dace'' === Wasan Wasan Wutar Wutar Wuta, ko kuma abin da aka fi sani da "wasan Wutar Warar WAR Manufar masu kirkirar wasan, da , shine su nuna cewa dumamar duniya matsala ce da za a iya warware ta hanyar aiwatar da fasahar yau don rage hayakin CO2.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pacala and Socolow |first=Stephen and Robert |date=2004-08-13 |title=Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=305 |issue=5686 |pages=968–972 |bibcode=2004Sci...305..968P |doi=10.1126/science.1100103 |pmid=15310891 |s2cid=2203046}}</ref> Manufar wasan ita ce kiyaye shekaru hamsin masu zuwa na hayakin CO2, ta amfani da wedges bakwai daga dabaru daban-daban waɗanda suka dace da triangle na daidaitawa. === ''Ka tsira daga ƙarni'' === Survive the Century <ref>{{Cite web |title=Survive the Century |url=https://survivethecentury.net/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |publisher=Climate Interactive}}</ref> wasa ne wanda Climate Interactive <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2021 |title=Online game 'Survive the Century' shows ordinary people what they can do about climate change |url=https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/environment/article/3134349/online-game-survive-century-shows-ordinary-people-what |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=Young Post |publisher=South China Morning Post}}</ref> da Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Kasa a Arewacin Carolina, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Interactive |url=https://www.climateinteractive.org/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |publisher=Climate Interactive}}</ref> tare da sauran abokan tarayya suka kirkira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center |url=http://www.sesync.org |access-date=2023-08-04 |publisher=[[National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center]]}}</ref> Wasan yana ɗaukar 'yan wasa ta hanyar yanayi daban-daban da tasirin su ta amfani da kimiyya don ilimantar da' yan wasa game da zaɓin siyasa, muhalli, da zamantakewar jama'a da mutane za su fuskanta a cikin ƙarni mai zuwa. Ana iya buga shi a kan layi ko ta hanyar littafin. === ''Wasan Minimalism na kwanaki 30'' === The Minimalists Joshua Fields Millburn da Ryan Nicodemus ne suka haɓaka, ''Wasan Minimalism na kwanaki 30'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2019 |title=The 30-Day Minimalism Game |url=https://www.theminimalists.com/game/ |access-date=2023-08-10 |publisher=[[The Minimalists]]}}</ref> yana buƙatar mutane biyu ko fiye don rage kayansu a cikin wata ɗaya. Kowane mutum yana kawar da abu daya a ranar farko ta watan, abubuwa biyu a na biyu, abubuwa uku a na uku, da sauransu. Kowane abu dole ne ya bar gida da tsakar dare kowace rana. Wanda ya ci nasara shine duk wanda ya ci gaba da tafiya mafi tsawo ya ci nasara. === ''Wasan Yanayi'' === Wanda The Financial Times <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/ |access-date=2023-08-10 |publisher=[[The Financial Times]]}}</ref> da Infosys suka kirkira, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Infosys |url=https://www.infosys.com/ |access-date=2023-08-10 |publisher=[[Infosys]]}}</ref> suna kalubalantar 'yan wasa don yanke carbon dioxide mai alaƙa da makamashi da sauran iskar gas mai guba sosai a shekara ta 2050. Tsakanin tsarin wasan shine rahoton Net Zero By 2050 daga Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya.<ref name="z2050">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2021 |title=Net Zero By 2050 report |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050 |access-date=2023-08-10 |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]]}}</ref> Tambayoyin wasan sun bi hanyoyi uku da rahoton IEA na World Energy Outlook ₂ ya yi amfani da su don yanke hayaki, <ref name="z20502">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2021 |title=Net Zero By 2050 report |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050 |access-date=2023-08-10 |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]]}}</ref> kuma suna da alaƙa da wutar lantarki, sufuri, gine-gine da masana'antu: bangarori huɗu da ke da alhakin hayaki na CO2. Amsoshi suna da tasiri kai tsaye a kan hayaki da yanayin zafi na duniya. === ''Hanyar zuwa Gigatons 10'' === Max Pisciotta, Cassandra Xia da John Sanchez ne suka haɓaka, The Road to 10 Gigatons <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Road to 10 Gigatons |url=https://www.roadto10gigatons.com/ |access-date=2023-08-10 |publisher=[[Max Pisciotta]]}}</ref> wasa ne na kan layi wanda ke buƙatar 'yan wasa su yi gwaji tare da mafita daban-daban na [[Cire carbon dioxide|Cire carbon]]. Wannan wasa ne mai sauƙi, shafi ɗaya, inda 'yan wasa ke motsa alamar a kan nau'ikan tsarin cire carbon daban-daban don ganin wane haɗuwa zai zama dole don cire Gigatons 10 na carbon daga yanayi nan da 2050, kamar yadda IPCC ta ba da shawarar. === ''Makomar Duniya'' === The World's Future, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The World's Future |url=https://worldsfuture.socialsimulations.org/ |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=The World’s Future |publisher=Centre for Systems Solutions}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodrigo |first=Ma. Mercedes T. |last2=Diy |first2=Walfrido David A. |last3=Favis |first3=Abigail Marie T. |last4=Amante |first4=Francesco U. |last5=Castro |first5=Janina Carla M. |last6=Herras |first6=Ingrid Yvonne |last7=Mallari |first7=Juan Carlo F. |last8=Mora |first8=Kevin Arnel |last9=Torres |first9=Johanna Marion R. |title=A RECIPE for Teaching the Sustainable Development Goals |url=https://icce2021.apsce.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/ICCE2021-Vol.I-PP.-451-456.pdf |access-date=24 August 2023 |publisher=h International Conference on Computers in Education}}</ref> wanda Cibiyar Sadarwar Tsarin (CRS) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre for Systems Solutions |url=https://systemssolutions.org/ |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Centre for Systems Solutions - CRS}}</ref> da Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarin Amfani ta Duniya (IIASA) suka haɓaka, <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) |url=https://iiasa.ac.at/ |website=International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)}}</ref> wasa ne na kwamiti wanda aka tsara don kowa da kowa daga masu gudanarwa na jama'a da membobin kungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba zuwa matasa. 'Yan wasan suna la'akari da cinikayya, kamar ko yana yiwuwa a samar da abinci ga kowa ba tare da wuce iyakokin yanayin halittu ba, ko kuma yadda za mu iya kara sauya canjin yanayi yayin samar da isasshen makamashi don biyan bukatun kowa. === ''Mai tsara Yanayi na Birni'' === Urban Climate Architect, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The urban climate architect |url=https://www.cen.uni-hamburg.de/press/entdecken/stadtklimaarchitekt.html |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=The urban climate architect |publisher=Universität Hamburg}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Razali |first=Nurlieda Ellyanna Munirrah |last2=Ramli |first2=Ratna Zuarni |last3=Mohamed |first3=Hazura |last4=Zin |first4=Nor Azan Mat |last5=Rosdi |first5=Fadhilah |last6=Diah |first6=Norizan Mat |date=January 2022 |title=Identifying and validating game design elements in serious game guideline for climate change |journal=Heliyon |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=e08773 |bibcode=2022Heliy...808773R |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08773 |pmc=8819523 |pmid=35146153 |doi-access=free}}</ref> wanda Jami'ar Hamburg Cluster of Excellence CliSAP ta kirkira, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Clusters of Excellence |url=https://www.uni-hamburg.de/en/forschung/forschungsprofil/exzellenzcluster.html |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Universität Hamburg}}</ref> wasa ne na kan layi na musamman ga ƙalubalen saitunan birane. 'Yan wasa na iya bunkasa birni, ƙara gine-gine don zama, kasuwanci da masana'antu gami da wuraren halitta kamar wuraren shakatawa da tafkuna yayin da suke lura da tasirin irin waɗannan canje-canje akan yanayin birni. === ''Simulation na Yanayi na Duniya'' === Wasan kwaikwayon Yanayi na Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Climate Simulation |url=https://www.climateinteractive.org/world-climate-simulation/ |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Climate Interactive}}</ref> daga Climate Interactive, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sterman |first=J. |last2=Franck |first2=T. |last3=Fiddaman |first3=T. |last4=Jones |first4=A. |last5=McCauley |first5=S. |last6=Rice |first6=P. |last7=Sawin |first7=E. |last8=Siegel |first8=L. |last9=Rooney-Varga |first9=J. N. |date=9 January 2014 |title=WORLD CLIMATE: A Role-Play Simulation of Climate Negotiations |journal=Simulation & Gaming |volume=46 |issue=3–4 |pages=348–382 |doi=10.1177/1046878113514935 |s2cid=154009833 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> MIT Sloan Sustainability Initiative, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Interactive |url=https://www.climateinteractive.org/ |access-date=2023-08-08 |publisher=Climate Interactive}}</ref> da UMass Lowell Climate Change Initiative, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change Initiative |url=https://www.uml.edu/research/climate-change/ |access-date=2023-08-08 |publisher=[[UMass Lowell]]}}</ref> motsa jiki ne na mutum na tattaunawar canjin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MIT Sloan Sustainability Initiative |url=https://mitsloan.mit.edu/sustainability-initiative/welcome |access-date=2023-08-08 |publisher=[[MIT Sloan School of Management]]}}</ref> Masu halarta suna koyon yadda kasashe za su iya magance canjin yanayi na duniya tare da taimakon simulator na C-ROADS na Climate Interactive, wanda ke bawa masu amfani damar nazarin sakamakon wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=C-ROADS simulator |url=https://www.climateinteractive.org/c-roads/ |access-date=2023-08-08 |publisher=Climate Interactive}}</ref> == Wasannin Xbox 360 don Gwagwarmayar Canji == [[Xbox 360]] Games for Change Challenge wani hadin gwiwa ne tsakanin [[Microsoft]] da Games for Change (G4C), wani rukuni na Serious Games Initiative . Kalubale shine gasa ta duniya don haɓaka wasan dumama na duniya tare da software na Microsoft na [[XNA Game Studio Express]]. Za a ba masu cin nasara tallafin karatu daga Wasannin Canji da Microsoft, kuma wasannin da suka ci nasara za su sami damar samun su don saukewa akan sabis na [[Xbox Live Arcade]]. Microsoft ta jefa Xbox 360 Games for Change Challenge a matsayin shirin "mai tunani na zamantakewa", shiga cikin manyan wasannin wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-06-11 |title=Xbox 360 Games for Change Challenge |url=http://www.xbox.com/en-US/community/news/2007/0611-gamesforchangechallenge.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717151211/http://www.xbox.com/en-US/community/news/2007/0611-gamesforchangechallenge.htm |archive-date=2007-07-17 |access-date=2007-07-20 |publisher=Microsoft}}</ref> Suzanne Seggerman, wanda ya kafa Games for Change, ya ba da waɗannan maganganun a cikin wata hira ta rediyo: == Dubi kuma == * [[Canjin yanayi a cikin al'adun gargajiya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rao6g3jox8qojymjparnkotak6kecxo 0 111865 827876 725245 2026-04-30T00:17:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827876 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="4" |Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Kasa | colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" |[[File:National_Union_of_Students_UK_logo.png|alt=Logo of National Union of Students UK|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Takaitaccen bayani | class="infobox-data nickname" |NUS |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Kafawa | class="infobox-data note" |<span class="nowrap">10 Fabrairu 1922<span class="noprint">; Shekaru 103 da suka gabata&#x20;</span> <span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1922-02-10</span>)&nbsp;</span> <ref><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="387">[http://www.nus.org.uk/en/who-we-are/our-history/a-brief-history/ "A brief history: Our History: Who We Are: www.nus.org.uk"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="388"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2016</span>.</span></cite></ref>&nbsp;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Hedikwatar | class="infobox-data" |[[London|Landan]], Ingila, Burtaniya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Ayyuka | class="infobox-data note" |goyon baya ga ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai da ɗalibai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Kasancewa memba | class="infobox-data" |~ ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai 600 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Harshen hukuma</div> | class="infobox-data" |Turanci, Welsh (NUS Wales) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[List of Presidents of the National Union of Students (United Kingdom)|Shugaban kasa]]</div> | class="infobox-data" |Amira Campbell <ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.nus.org.uk/nus-announces-newly-elected-full-time-officers "NUS announces newly elected Officer team"]. </cite></ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |[[Subsidiary|Rukunin reshe]] | class="infobox-data" |Ayyukan NUS Limited, NUS Holdings Limited, Ayyukan Taimako na Tarayyar Dalibai na NUS, NUS Media Limited |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Haɗin kai | class="infobox-data" |[[European Students' Union|Kungiyar Dalibai ta Turai]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Shafin yanar gizo | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.nus.org.uk www.nus.org.uk]</span> |} '''Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Kasa''' ('''NUS''') ƙungiya ce ta ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai a duk faɗin [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] . Kimanin Kungiyoyin dalibai 600 suna da alaƙa, suna da alaka da sama da kashi 95% na dukkan kungiyoyin ilimi na sama da na gaba a Burtaniya. Kodayake Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Kasa ita ce ƙungiya ta tsakiya ga duk ƙungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa a Burtaniya, akwai kuma ƙungiyoyin ƙasa: NUS Scotland a Scotland, NUS Wales (''UCM Cymru'') a Wales da NUS-USI a Arewacin Ireland (wanda Ƙungiyar Dalibai a Ireland ke gudanar da shi tare). == Kasancewa memba == There are four types of membership of NUS:[citation needed]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership of NUS |url=https://www.nusconnect.org.uk/nus-uk/who-we-are/membership-of-nus |access-date=July 6, 2020}}</ref> * Ana ba da membobin kundin tsarin mulki ga ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai ta Taron Kasa ko Majalisar Zartarwa ta Kasa ta hanyar kuri'un kashi biyu bisa uku * Ana ba da memba na mutum ta atomatik ga membobin ƙungiyar ɗalibai tare da membobin ƙauyuka, jami'an sabbatical na membobin ƙuƙwalwa, membobin Majalisar Zartarwa ta Kasa da masu taron sabbatical ta Yankunan NUS * Ana ba da membobin haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar kashi biyu bisa uku na Majalisar Zartarwa ta Kasa zuwa: Ƙungiyoyin Dalibai a cikin Ƙungiya - duk ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai na ƙasa Ƙungiyoyin Abokan hulɗa a cikin Ƙungiyar - ƙungiyoyin da ba ɗalibai ba waɗanda ke jin tausayi da NUS Individuals in Association - duk mutumin da ke tallafawa abubuwan Yankin NUS - ƙungiyoyin ɗaliban da aka ayyana a cikin ƙasa ** ''Kungiyoyin Dalibai a cikin Kungiyar -'' duk wata ƙungiya ta ɗalibai ta ƙasa ** ''Kungiyoyin Abokan hulɗa a cikin Ƙungiya'' - kungiyoyin da ba na ɗalibai ba waɗanda ke jin tausayi da NUS ** Mutanen da ke cikin Ƙungiya - duk wani mutum wanda ke tallafawa abubuwan NUS ** ''Yankunan NUS'' - ƙungiyoyin da aka ayyana a cikin ƙasa na ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai * Taron kasa yana ba da memba na girmamawa ga "duk wani mutum ko ƙungiya kamar yadda ya ga ya dace" Daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan membobin, kawai membobin ƙauyuka ne zasu iya jefa kuri'a ko gabatar da shawarwarin manufofi ga Taron Kasa. Ana buƙatar membobin kundin tsarin mulki da membobin haɗin gwiwa su biya kuɗin biyan kuɗi a matsayin yanayin membobinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Articles of Association & Rules |url=http://www.nusconnect.org.uk/pageassets/about/democraticprocess/NUS_Articles_Rules_Aug12.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105032545/http://www.nusconnect.org.uk/pageassets/about/democraticprocess/NUS_Articles_Rules_Aug12.pdf |archive-date=5 January 2016 |access-date=9 September 2013 |publisher=National Union of Students}}</ref> == Tarihi == {{National Union of Students (United Kingdom)}} [[Fayil:Sir_Ivison_Macadam.jpg|right|thumb|Sir Ivison Macadam shine shugaban da ya kafa NUS. Daga baya ya zama Darakta Janar na farko na Royal Institute of International Affairs .]] === Asalin da tarihin farko === An kafa NUS a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 1922 a wani taro da aka gudanar a Jami'ar London. A wannan taron, Inter-Varsity Association da Ofishin Dalibai na Duniya (wanda ya shirya tafiye-tafiye na dalibai kuma yana neman ƙungiyar ƙasa) sun amince da haɗuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-14 |title=National Union of Students |url=https://en.unesco.org/prize-esd/2016laureates/nus |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Our story @ NUS Connect |url=https://www.nusconnect.org.uk/nus-uk/who-we-are/our-story |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=www.nusconnect.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> Mambobin da suka kafa sun hada da kungiyoyin kwadago na Jami'ar Birmingham, Birkbeck, Jami'ar London, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, Kwalejin Imperial (wanda ya fara barin a 1923 kuma daga baya ya sake komawa kuma ya bar sau uku, karo na karshe ya kasance a watan Yunin 2008), Kwalejin Sarki ta London (wanda ya samar da Shugaban farko, Sir Ivison Macadam) da Jami'ar Bristol.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2006 |title=Students start voting on NUS membership {{!}} Imperial News {{!}} Imperial College London |url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/2945/students-start-voting-nus-membership/ |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=Imperial News |language=en}}</ref> === Siyasa da Broad Left, 1968-1982 === Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]] a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin da aka kafa, Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Kasa ta karɓi sashi na "marasa siyasa" a cikin sashin ta a ƙoƙarin nisanta kanta daga dalilan da ya sa Yakin ya ɓarke. Ta haka ne ya damu da kansa game da hulɗar ɗalibai da tafiye-tafiye masu arha, tallafin ɗalibai da abubuwan da ɗalibai ke so. An kalubalanci wannan yarjejeniyar apolitical tare da zanga-zangar kasa da kasa ta 1968 kuma yayin da Yakin Cold ya kara tsanantawa. A taron NUS na 1969, shugaban kasar Trevor Fisk ya yi adawa da Jack Straw (wanda ke kusa da Bert Ramelson na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Burtaniya, amma daga baya Sakataren Harkokin Waje a karkashin sabuwar gwamnatin [[Tony Blair]]) kan batun. Straw ya goyi bayan zanga-zangar dalibai game da shigar da sojojin Amurka a cikin Yaƙin Vietnam, yayin da Fisk ya ba da shawarar tsaka-tsaki; bangaren Straw ya ci nasara kuma an cire sashi na "babu siyasa". Sabuwar zamani ta fara ga NUS, inda tashin hankali na siyasa da zanga-zangar suka zama kafa. Digby Jacks ya biyo bayan Straw a matsayin shugaban kasa, wanda ke wakiltar kungiyar Radical Student Alliance (wanda Fergus Nicholson ya kafa a shekarar 1966) kuma memba ne na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Burtaniya. A cewar rahotanni na gwamnatin Burtaniya ta zamani, an haɗa RSA da Kamfen ɗin Solidarity na Vietnam wanda Trotskyist ke jagoranta kuma yana da alaƙa ta kusa da ''Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund'' (yana shirya zanga-zangar bayan harbin Rudi Dutschke). Rahoton gwamnati ya bayyana cewa "Idan suna da Littafi Mai-Tsarki na akida ya ƙunshi aikin Farfesa Herbert Marcuse, Mutumin Ɗaya. " Dangane da ra'ayin Marcusian na kare kungiyoyin 'yan tsiraru na siyasa, a cikin shekarun 1970s, NUS ta zo don tallafawa abin da ta kira "kamfen na' yanci", gami da; [[Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki|'Yancin ɗan luwaɗi]] (Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta farko da ta yi haka a 1973), mata masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da kishin ƙasa. A lokaci guda, NUS ta karɓi manufofin No Platform; ra'ayi da IMG ta fara a cikin 1972; don hana ƙungiyar harabar da jawabin kungiyoyin 'yan kasa na Burtaniya waɗanda ta ayyana su "mai wariyar launin fata ko fascist". A lokacin, an yi niyyar wannan ne ga National Front da kuma Litinin Club (wani bangare a cikin Tarayyar Dalibai masu ra'ayin mazan jiya). Har ila yau, ƙungiyar ta shiga cikin al'amuran [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]], inda yawancin cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma akwai mambobi na NUS da Union of Students in Ireland (USI), kodayake wannan ya bambanta daga shari'a zuwa shari'a. Lalle ne, shugabannin biyu na NUS a baya a cikin shekarun 1960 sun fito ne daga Jami'ar Sarauniya ta Belfast (Queen's ko QUB); T. William Savage da T. Geoff Martin. Rikicin 1968-69 a Arewacin Ireland ya ga farkon Matsalar da rarrabuwar ɗarika ta fito fili. Bayan mambobin QUBSU sun shirya zanga-zangar adawa da dan siyasa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Unionist Bill Craig, Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na lokacin, wasu mambobi kamar Bernadette Devlin, Eamonn McCann da Michael Farrell sun yanke shawarar kafa kungiyar Trotskyist People's Democracy a shekarar 1968, wanda ya taka rawar gani a cikin Yunkurin kare hakkin bil'adama na Arewacin Ireland. Bayan wani taro a Galway a 1972, don yaki da rarrabuwar, an amince da cewa za a kafa wata kungiya da ake kira NUS-USI tare da mambobi biyu don rufe Arewacin Ireland. Ɗaya daga cikin kamfen ɗin zanga-zangar NUS wanda ya kasance mai mahimmanci a cikin shekarun 1970s da 1980s shine kamfen ɗin kauracewa jam'iyyar National Party da ke mulkin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a matsayin wani ɓangare na Anti-Apartheid Movement . A shekara ta 1970, mataimakin shugaban NUS Tony Klug ya ziyarci Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya sadu da [[Steve Biko]] na [[Kungiyar Dalibai ta Afirka ta Kudu|SASO]] da sauransu.<ref name="aa" /> Har ila yau, membobin sun yi ƙoƙari su rushe wasannin rugby da cricket na Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekarun 1970s. A cikin shekarun 1980s, NUS ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun Bankin Barclay ya fitar da shi daga Afirka ta Kudu, yana kai masa hari a matsayin "Bankin Boerclay".<ref name="aa" /> A cikin wannan lokacin, shugabancin NUS ya mamaye Broad Left, wanda Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Burtaniya (inda Kwaminisanci ta Yuro ta fi shahara a tsakanin dalibai maimakon masu adawa da sake fasalin Soviet "Tankie") sun fi yawa kuma yawanci suna ba da shugaban, amma Labour da Liberals sun goyi bayan su. Sun yi haka don yin aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar jefa kuri'a a kan Conservatives da Militant. Na farko daga cikin wadannan shugabannin Broad Left shi ne Charles Clarke (daga baya Sakataren Cikin Gida a karkashin Blair) wanda a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Sashe na Hudu, ya lashe Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun daga tasirin Militant. Sauran shugabanni sun hada da Sue Slipman (wanda ya fara a bangaren Yurocommunist a Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Burtaniya amma ya zama memba mai kafa Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party a shekara ta 1981), Trevor Phillips (mai zaman kansa mai zaman kansa kuma shugaban NUS na farko, wanda daga baya ya jagoranci ƙungiyar alaƙar launin fata Runnymede Trust) da David Aaronovitch (wanda a lokacin ya kasance Yurocomunist, amma daga baya ya zama ɗan jarida da ya haɗa da Neoconservatism). === Shugabancin daliban Labour, 1982-2000 === Daga 1982 tare da zaben Neil Stewart, har sai Andrew Pakes ya sauka a shekara ta 2000, shugabancin kungiyar dalibai ta kasa ya kasance karkashin ikon kungiyar dalibai na Labour, wanda ya taƙaita sunansa zuwa daliban Labour a 1994. Shahararrun Shugabannin NUS na wannan lokacin sun hada da Phil Woolas, Maeve Sherlock da Stephen Twigg . === Tarihi a cikin karni na 21 === ==== Kasuwanci Mai Kyau ==== Dalibai a Jami'ar Edinburgh ne suka fara Gangamin Fairtrade NUS a cikin kaka 2005. Yaƙin neman zaɓe, wanda yanzu ya kasance tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai da yawa a Biritaniya, yana kira ga 100% na abubuwan sha masu zafi (shayi, kofi, cakulan zafi, da sauransu) waɗanda ƙungiyoyin membobin NUS suka siyar don a ba da izini tare da Fairtrade[citation]. Tun daga wannan lokacin an faɗaɗa kamfen ɗin zuwa cikin Dalibai da ke Shirya Tsaro (SOS-UK), ƙungiyar agaji ta ilimi da ke amsawa ga gaggawa ta yanayi da rikicin muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Students Organising for Sustainability |url=https://sustainability.unioncloud.org/ |access-date=July 6, 2020 |website=NUS}}</ref> Gidauniyar Fairtrade ta haɗu da NUS wajen bayar da kyautar Jami'o'i da Kwalejojin Fairtrade, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Universities and College |url=https://www.fairtrade.org.uk/get%20involved/In-your-community/Universities |access-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706232722/https://www.fairtrade.org.uk/get%20involved/In-your-community/Universities |url-status=dead }}</ref> wanda ya fara ne a matsayin matukin jirgi a shekarar 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2017 |title=Fairtrade and NUS pilot new University and College Award scheme |url=https://www.nus.org.uk/en/news/fairtrade-and-nus-pilot-new-university-and-college-award-scheme/ |access-date=July 6, 2020 |website=NUS |archive-date=6 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706195054/https://www.nus.org.uk/en/news/fairtrade-and-nus-pilot-new-university-and-college-award-scheme/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya zuwa 2020, jami'o'i goma sha biyu sun sami matsayin Fairtrade.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2020 |title=12 UNIVERSITIES HAVE ACHIEVED FAIRTRADE STATUS IN NATIONWIDE FAIRTRADE UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE AWARD |url=https://www.fairtrade.org.uk/Media-Centre/News/June-2020/12-Universities-have-achieved-Fairtrade-status-in-nationwide-Fairtrade-University-and-College-Award |access-date=July 6, 2020 |website=Fairtrade Foundation}}</ref> ==== Kudin ilimi ==== {{Universities in the United Kingdom}}A karkashin jagorancin Wes Streeting NUS ta watsar da jajircewarta na dogon lokaci ga Ilimi kyauta kuma ta goyi bayan harajin digiri a matsayin sakamakon da ta fi so na Browne Review a cikin kudaden ilimi mafi girma. Kafin Babban Zabe na 2010, NUS ta gayyaci 'yan takara su sanya hannu kan alkawarin da ba za su kara kudaden karatu ba, suna karɓar masu sa hannu sama da 1000 daga' yan takarar majalisa. Wannan ya zama babban kamfen lokacin da 'yan majalisa da yawa na Liberal Democrat, wadanda duk sun sanya hannu kan alkawuran NUS da ke nuna cewa za su jefa kuri'a a kan duk wani hauhawar kudaden karatu idan aka zabe su, dole ne su guji ko kuma su yi akasin haka a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa. NUS, a karkashin sabon shugaban Aaron Porter, ta shirya zanga-zangar kasa da dubban mutane suka halarta a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, suna neman kawo karshen yanke ilimi. Hanyar tafiya ta wuce Whitehall da hedkwatar Jam'iyyar Conservative a Hasumiyar Millbank. Yayin da suka wuce ginin, wasu masu zanga-zangar sun karkatar da su zuwa farfajiyar Millbank Tower kuma sun fara zama a ginin. Tare da halartar mutane sama da 50,000, ita ce zanga-zangar Burtaniya mafi girma tun bayan zanga-zambe na Yakin Iraki. Wannan ya haifar da karin demos daban-daban har sai an wuce hauhawar kudaden karatun. Ranar da ta gabata kafin kuri'ar don ba da damar karuwar kudaden karatun, Daily Telegraph ta ruwaito cewa sun ga imel ɗin da suka ba da shawarar Aaron Porter ya goyi bayan, maimakon ƙara kudaden karatun ya kamata a yanke har zuwa 80% don kunshin tallafin ɗalibai ciki har da tallafi da rance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2010 |title=National Union of Students secretly urged Government to make deep cuts in student grants |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/8190379/National-Union-of-Students-secretly-urged-Government-to-make-deep-cuts-in-student-grants.html |access-date=8 December 2010 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Porter ya amsa da'awar da aka yi a kan NUS Connect cewa "A duk waɗannan tarurruka da sadarwa mun bayyana ƙarfinmu da adawa da yankewa" kuma cewa karkatar da tattaunawar ita ce "tsananin siyasa daga gwamnatin hadin gwiwa da ta rasa muhawara a kan manufofinta".<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2010 |title=NUS responds to Telegraph article |url=http://www.nusconnect.org.uk/news/article/6001/1173/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212222919/http://www.nusconnect.org.uk/news/article/6001/1173/ |archive-date=12 December 2010 |access-date=9 December 2010 |publisher=NUS Connect}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2014 Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Kasa ta zartar da manufofi a taron ta na kasa don juyar da matsayinta game da kudaden ilimi. An watsar da kiran neman harajin digiri don neman kira ga Ilimi kyauta wanda aka tallafawa ta hanyar haraji mai ci gaba. ==== Binciken Gudanarwa ==== [[Fayil:National_union_of_students_uk_logo.PNG|right|thumb|242x242px|Alamar NUS da aka yi amfani da ita har zuwa 2013]] {{European Students' Union}}Taron na 2008 a Blackpool ya mamaye muhawara da kuri'a. Shawarwarin sun kasance don sake fasalin gudanar da Tarayyar amma kuri'un sun rasa kuri'un da kuri'u 25 (an buƙaci kashi biyu bisa uku). An soki bita saboda abin da masu sukar suka ji ya zama hari kan alhakin dimokuradiyya na kungiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NUS Governance Review defeated at last stage – Education-News-News-UPSU.net<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.upsu.net/news/union/democracy/2008/04/01/nus-governance-revie.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516090236/http://www.upsu.net/news/union/democracy/2008/04/01/nus-governance-revie.html |archive-date=16 May 2008 |access-date=2 September 2017}}</ref> Duk da haka magoya bayanta sun kare bita kamar yadda suke samar da tsarin kamfanoni na 'matsayi' wanda ake fatan sanya shi mafi inganci a tattauna manufofin, maimakon kawai 'mai amsawa'. Mutane da yawa a cikin zartarwa ba su karɓi wannan da kyau ba tare da Shugaban kasa, Gemma Tumelty, yana rantsuwa da ci gaba da sake fasalin. Rashin ci gaba a kan sake fasalin mulki ya kuma sa Imperial College Union ta gudanar da raba gardama kan rashin shiga tsakani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashley Brown |date=19 May 2008 |title=Live! – Council Calls NUS Referendum |url=http://live.cgcu.net/news/1769 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608213148/http://live.cgcu.net/news/1769 |archive-date=8 June 2011 |access-date=31 May 2010 |publisher=Live.cgcu.net}}</ref> ==== ISIS, Malia Bouattia, da kuma rashin shiga tsakani ==== A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2014, Kwamitin Zartarwa na Kasa na NUS ya ki amincewa da wata yunkuri don hukunta kungiyar masu fafutuka ta Islamic State saboda wasu mambobin zartarwa "sun ji cewa kalmomin da aka gabatar za su lalata dukkan Musulmai ba tare da adalci ba maimakon kawai ƙungiyar mutanen da ta fara hukuntawa da kyau. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=NUS-statement-on-NEC-motion |url=http://www.nusconnect.org.uk/news/article/nus/NUS-statement-on-NEC-motion/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222144258/http://www.nusconnect.org.uk/news/article/nus/NUS-statement-on-NEC-motion/ |archive-date=22 December 2014 |website=www.nusconnect.org.uk |publisher=NUS connect}}</ref> NUS ta sami zargi saboda wannan matsayi saboda la'akari da ita a baya ga jam'iyyar siyasa ta UKIP. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2014 |title=NUS will condemn Israel and Ukip but not Isis |url=http://i100.independent.co.uk/article/nus-will-condemn-israel-and-ukip-but-not-isis--lJLK98e7Ul |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213184443/http://i100.independent.co.uk/article/nus-will-condemn-israel-and-ukip-but-not-isis--lJLK98e7Ul |archive-date=13 February 2016 |access-date=2 September 2017}}</ref> Duk da wata sanarwa daga NUS da ke tabbatar da cewa "za a kai sabon motsi zuwa taron kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na NUS na gaba, wanda zai yi Allah wadai da siyasa da hanyoyin ISIS kuma ya ba da hadin kai ga mutanen Kurdawa, "tsarin kafofin watsa labarai game da kuri'un ya sa wasu mambobin kungiyar dalibai suyi hasashen cewa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun shiga NUS kanta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NUS-statement-on-NEC-motion |url=http://www.nusconnect.org.uk/news/article/nus/NUS-statement-on-NEC-motion/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222144258/http://www.nusconnect.org.uk/news/article/nus/NUS-statement-on-NEC-motion/ |archive-date=22 December 2014 |access-date=22 December 2014 |website=nusconnect |publisher=NUS}}</ref> A taron zartarwa mai zuwa a ranar 3 ga Disamba 2014, an sake gabatar da irin wannan yunkuri, wanda ya yi Allah wadai da ISIS, ya nuna hadin kai ga mutanen Kurdawa, kuma ya yi kira ga NUS da ta kalubalanci "Islamophobia da duk nau'ikan wariyar launin fata da ake yi musu bulala" kuma an sauƙaƙe su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Union of Students votes to oppose US and UK military intervention in Iraq and Syria |url=http://stopwar.org.uk/resources/reports/national-union-of-students-votes-to-oppose-us-and-uk-military-intervention-in-iraq-and-syria |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141222120707/http://stopwar.org.uk/resources/reports/national-union-of-students-votes-to-oppose-us-and-uk-military-intervention-in-iraq-and-syria |archive-date=22 December 2014 |access-date=22 December 2014 |website=Stop the War}}</ref> A taron NUS na 2016, an zabi Malia Bouattia a matsayin shugaban kasa tare da kashi 50.9% na kuri'un da suka doke Megan Dunn wacce ta nemi sake zaben. Ba da daɗewa ba Bouattia ta fuskanci zarge-zarge da yawa na adawa da Yahudawa; <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bowden |first=George |date=14 April 2016 |title=NUS President Election Candidate, Malia Bouattia, Responds To 'Anti-Semitism' Claims |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/nus-president-election-candidate-malia-bouattia-responds-to-anti-semitism-claims_uk_570fa2dae4b01711c61318c4 |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=The Huffington Post}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lindley |first=Daniel |last2=Bouattia |first2=Malia |date=28 March 2011 |title=University of Birmingham & Israeli Apartheid Week: Mock Israeli Checkpoint |url=http://the-london-school-of-emancipation.blogspot.co.uk/2011/03/university-of-birmingham-israeli.html |access-date=31 January 2017 |website=The London School of Emancipation Blogspot |publisher=The London School of Economics Student Union Palestine Society}}</ref> wani rahoto na Oktoba 2016 na Kwamitin Zaɓin Harkokin Cikin Gida ya bayyana maganganunta a matsayin "ra'ayin wariyar launin fata", kuma ya ce ba ta ɗaukar batutuwan adawa da antisemitism a makarantun jami'a da gaske.<ref name="Nawaz">{{Cite web |last=Nawaz |first=Maajid |date=20 April 2016 |title=Malia Bouattia is symbolic of the poison of the regressive Left |url=http://www.thejc.com/comment-and-debate/comment/157134/malia-bouattia-symbolic-poison-regressive-left |access-date=23 April 2016 |website=The Jewish Chronicle}}</ref> Shugabannin dalibai sama da 300 na Yahudawa, Union of Jewish Students da [[Jami'ar Oxford|Oxford]] University Student Union sun hukunta Bouattia.<ref name="AAli">{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Aftab |title=The NUS has elected its new president for the next academic year |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/student/news/malia-bouattia-elected-nus-national-president-at-brighton-conference-a6992761.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/student/news/malia-bouattia-elected-nus-national-president-at-brighton-conference-a6992761.html |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=The Independent |language=en-GB}}</ref> Dangane da zabenta, ɗalibai a Durham, [[Jami'ar Loughborough|Loughborough]], [[University of Hull|Hull]]" id="mwAXU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="University of Hull">Hull, Aberystwyth, Oxford, [[Cambridge University Students' Union|Cambridge]]" id="mwAXg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge, Manchester, Essex, York, King's College London, Nottingham, UWE, Leicester, Queen Mary University of London da Jami'ar Reading sun fara kamfen don fita daga NUS. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-09 |title=Lincoln SU disaffiliates from National Union of Students |url=http://thelinc.co.uk/2016/05/lincoln-su-disaffiliates-from-national-union-of-students/ |access-date=2016-05-10 |website=The Linc |language=en-GB}}</ref> Newcastle, Portsmouth, Hull da [[Jami'ar Loughborough|Loughbrough]] sun rabu; sauran sun ci gaba da kasancewa, kodayake NUS ya ruwaito cewa ya karya dokokin kamfen a Oxford, Cambridge, da Ikilisiyar Kristi.<ref> {{Cite web |date=31 May 2016 |title=VERSA – BREAKING EXCLUSIVE: NUS violate referendum rules in an attempt to influence result |url=http://versanews.co.uk/2016/05/31/breaking-nus-violate-referendum-rules-in-an-attempt-to-influence-result/ |access-date=2 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2016 |title=NUS disaffiliation: The story so far |url=https://thetab.com/2016/05/27/nus-disaffiliation-referendums-story-far-91322 |access-date=2 September 2017 |website=The Tab}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2016 |title=BREAKING: No action taken against NUS or CUCA for breaking referendum rules |url=http://thetab.com/uk/cambridge/2016/05/26/breaking-no-action-taken-nus-breaking-referendum-rules-77729 |access-date=2 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2019 |title=NUS cheat uni's vote to leave by emailing voters pro-NUS propaganda |url=https://thetab.com/uk/2019/03/28/nus-caught-cheating-in-unis-vote-to-leave-by-emailing-voters-pro-nus-propaganda-96667 |access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hornall |first=Thomas |date=12 May 2016 |title=Newcastle University cuts ties with the NUS following election of controversial president |url=http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/newcastle-university-cuts-ties-nus-11326067 |access-date=2 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2016 |title=Why Are So Many Student Unions Trying to Leave the NUS? |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/whats-going-on-with-the-nus-disaffiliation/ |access-date=2 September 2017 |website=Vice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Referendum @ Durham Students' Union |url=http://www.durhamsu.com/main-menu/have-your-say/referendum |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607180701/http://www.durhamsu.com/main-menu/have-your-say/referendum |archive-date=7 June 2016 |access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2016 |title=VERSA – BREAKING: Oxford votes to stay in the NUS |url=http://versanews.co.uk/2016/06/02/breaking-oxford-votes-to-stay-in-the-nus/ |access-date=2 September 2017}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2017, Shakira Martin, mataimakin shugaban kungiyar don ci gaba da ilimi, ta kayar da Bouattia a sake zaben ta, wanda ya sami kashi 56% na kuri'un. Martin ya yi alkawarin "haɗin kai", "pragmatism", da kuma mayar da "NUS cikin hannun membobinta". Kungiyoyin masu matsakaici kamar su Organized Independents da Union of Jewish Students sun nemi sake fasalin kungiyar don hana ci gaba da raguwa, ta hanyar wuce manyan yunkurin sake fasalin dimokuradiyya. Canje-canje, waɗanda aka haɓaka daga "shekaru biyu na shawarwari tare da ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai, [da kuma] shawarwarin shari'a da ƙwararru, " an bayyana su a matsayin "mafi cikakkiyar gyare-gyare na tsari a tarihin NUS ". ==== Barazanar fatarar kuɗi ==== A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2018, an ruwaito cewa NUS ta fuskanci fatarar kuɗi. Ba a kawo sauye-sauyen 2017 ba, kuma shekaru da yawa na rashin kula da kudi sun haifar da raguwar albarkatu.<ref name="the Guardian" /> Martin ya rubuta wa mambobin cewa ƙungiyar za ta "yi mataki na gaggawa don daidaitawa", tare da sauye-sauye da ake ci gaba don "la'akari da ingantawa tare da taimakon mambobinmu". Martin ya fuskanci zargi don bunkasa wani shiri mai tsanani na kudi, shugabanci da kuma yakin neman sauye-sauye don amincewa da Taron Kasa na 2019; duk da haka bayan kimanin sa'o'i biyar na muhawara, wakilai 700 sun kada kuri'a don amincewa le kunshin. Martin ya yi maraba da kuri'ar, yana kiranta "ƙaddamar da yanke shawara don amincewa da sake fasalin da kuma isar da hangen nesa na mambobi". ==== Sabon NUS ==== A cikin 2020, jami'in NUS ya rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu: NUS UK da NUS Charity . <ref name="Governing Boards @ NUS Connect">{{Cite web |title=Governing Boards @ NUS Connect |url=https://www.nusconnect.org.uk/governance/governing-boards |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=www.nusconnect.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> NUS UK tana mai da hankali kan kamfen tare da dalibai yayin da NUS Charity ke mai da hankali ga tallafawa kungiyoyin dalibai. ==== Rahoto game da halayyar adawa da Yahudawa ==== A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta yanke duk wata alaƙa da NUS bisa zargin cewa ta kasa magance "rugujewar anti-semitic a zuciya". Har ila yau, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, NUS ta ba da sanarwar cewa Rebecca Tuck QC za ta jagoranci bincike mai zaman kansa game da zargin adawa da Yahudawa a cikin NUS. Bayan bincikenta, an sallami Shaima Dallali a matsayin Shugaban NUS a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hugh Jones |last2=Caredig ap Tomos |last3=Michael Hennessey |date=16 September 2022 |title=NUS president suspended amid antisemitism row |url=https://www.varsity.co.uk/news/24198 |access-date=16 September 2022 |website=[[Varsity (Cambridge)|Varsity]]}}</ref> Binciken mai zaman kansa ya gano cewa NUS ya kasa kalubalantar adawa da Yahudawa da ƙiyayya ga Yahudawa a cikin tsarinsa. Daliban Yahudawa sun kasance "sun fuskanci tsangwama" kuma an karya manufofin NUS. NUS ta nemi gafara ga ɗaliban Yahudawa kuma ta ce za ta aiwatar da shawarwarin rahoton.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Independent investigation into antisemitism |url=https://www.nus.org.uk/independent_investigation_into_antisemitism |access-date=12 January 2023 |publisher=NUS}}</ref> == Dimokuradiyya == {{Authority control}}NUS tana gudanar da taron kasa sau ɗaya a shekara. Taron Kasa shine babban bangare na NUS, kuma shine inda aka yanke shawarar manufofin NUS.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Conference |url=https://www.nusconnect.org.uk/conferences/national-conference |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=NUS}}</ref> Ana gudanar da Taron Yankin don inganta wakilcin mambobi daga Scotland, Wales, da Arewacin Ireland. Kafin sake fasalin 2019 wasu tarurruka kamar Taron Mata, Lesbian, Gay, Taron Dalibai na Bisexual & Trans (wanda aka canza tun daga shekara ta 2004), Taron Dalilai na nakasassu, Taron dalibai na Black, Taron ɗalibai na Mature da na Lokaci da Taron Daliban Duniya (wanda aka kirkira a shekara ta 2004) ana gudanar da su don inganta wakilcin takamaiman membobin da suka haɗa. Bayan 2019 an haɗu da Taron Mata, LGBT, Trans, Naƙasasshe, da Black Students a cikin Taron 'Yanci guda ɗaya kuma Taron Mature da Sashe na Lokaci, Postgraduate, da Taron Dalibai na Duniya ba sa aiki. A watan Yulin 2014, saboda kirkirar sabon yankin NUS London, an gudanar da taron farko na NUS London. Yawancin waɗannan tarurruka, kuma musamman zaɓen da aka gudanar a cikinsu, ƙungiyoyi ne suka fafata da su ciki har da Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, Daliban Ma'aikata, Matasa Masu sassaucin ra'ayi, Yakin Kasa game da Kudade da Ragewa, Masu Tsara Tsara Tsara, 'Yancin Matasa, Daliban Socialist, Socialist Workers' Student Society, Student RESPECT da Liberation Hagu Baya ga waɗannan ƙungiyoyin siyasa, ƙungiyoyin masu sha'awa kamar Tarayyar Ƙungiyoyin Musulunci na Dalibai da Tarayyar Dalibai na Yahudawa suna da hannu sosai a cikin tsarin dimokuradiyya na ciki na NUS. == Ayyukan NUS == Sabis na NUS yana ba da sabis na siye, tallafi da tallace-tallace ga ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai masu alaƙa da NUS. Masu hannun jarinsa sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai sama da 200 masu alaƙa da NUS, kuma kwamiti da kwamitocin da suka ƙunshi masu sa kai daga waɗannan ƙungiyoyin masu hannun jari ne ke jagoranta. Kungiyar Manajoji a cikin Kungiyoyin Dalibai sun kada kuri'a don haɗuwa da NUS da Ayyukan NUS a cikin 2010 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMSU votes to merge with NUS |url=http://www.nus.org.uk/en/news/amsu-votes-to-merge-with-nus/ |access-date=22 December 2014 |website=NUS News |publisher=NUS }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SUSU: What is NUS |url=http://www.susu.org/downloads/democracy/papers/election_2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222135106/http://www.susu.org/downloads/democracy/papers/election_2.pdf |archive-date=22 December 2014 |access-date=22 December 2014 |publisher=Southampton University Students' Union}}</ref> === Dukkanin === TOTUM, wanda aka fi sani da NUS Extra, katin ragi ne wanda ɗalibai za su iya saya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TOTUM – #1 student discount |url=https://www.nus.org.uk/en/nus-extra/ |website=www.nus.org.uk }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ayyukan NUS ne ke samar da shi tare da NUS, kuma ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai masu alaƙa suna karɓar kwamiti a kan kowane katin da aka sayar wa membobinsu, duk da haka katin yana samuwa ga dukan ɗalibai ba tare da la'akari da ko su mambobi ne na ƙungiyar ɗalibai masu haɗin gwiwa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TOTUM – #1 student discount |url=https://www.totum.com/about |website=www.totum.com}}</ref> Masu amfani da TOTUM suma sun cancanci neman katin shaida na NUS PASS.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Proof of age ID with TOTUM |url=https://www.totum.com/proof-of-age-id-card |access-date=24 January 2020 |website=www.totum.com |publisher=NUS}}</ref> === Ayyukan sadaka na NUS === NUS ta kafa sadaka don inganta ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai. Zai mai da hankali kan ingancin ƙungiyar ɗalibai, gudanar da baiwa, daidaito da bambancin, ci gaban dabarun da juyawa, aikin ɗabi'a da muhalli, da tara kuɗi.<ref name="Governing Boards @ NUS Connect"/> '''Ayyukan ɗabi'a da muhalli''' Don karfafa dorewa muhalli, NUS tana shirya shirye-shiryen sauye-sauyen halayyar tsakanin ma'aikata da dalibai, kamar Green Impact, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Scarborough |first=C |last2=Cantarello |first2=E |date=2018 |title=Barriers to pro-environmental behaviours at Bournemouth University |url=https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/31095/ |journal=Meliora: International Journal of Student Sustainability Research |language=en |volume=1 |issue=2 |doi=10.22493/Meliora.1.2.0010 |doi-broken-date=2 August 2025}}</ref> Student Switch Off, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mazhar |first=MU |last2=Bull |first2=R |last3=Lemon |first3=M |date=2 November 2017 |title=Critical success factors for embedding carbon management in organizations: lessons from the UK higher education sector |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17583004.2017.1386533 |journal=Carbon Management |language=en |volume=8 |issue=5–6 |pages=379–392 |bibcode=2017CarM....8..379M |doi=10.1080/17583004.2017.1386533 |issn=1758-3004 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> da Student Eats. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laycock Pedersen |first=R |last2=Robinson |first2=ZP |last3=Surman |first3=E |date=January 2019 |title=Understanding Transience and Participation in University Student-Led Food Gardens |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=11 |issue=10 |pages=2788 |bibcode=2019Sust...11.2788L |doi=10.3390/su11102788 |issn=2071-1050 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sashen da'a da muhalli na NUS ya samo asali ne a cikin 1995, inda ya kafa wani kwamiti da ke da alhakin bincikar zarge-zargen munanan ayyukan muhalli a wuraren sayar da giya na Bass. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] A cikin 2016, sashen ya gudanar da shekarar matukin jirgi na NUS Students Green Fund - tallafin £5 miliyan daga HEFCE, yana tallafawa 25 jagorancin ɗalibai, ayyukan ɗorewa a ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai a duk faɗin Ingila. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] A cikin 2019, wannan sashen ya zama kungiya mai zaman kanta da ake kira Students Organisation for Sustainability UK . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Students Organising for Sustainability UK (SOS-UK) |url=https://sustainability.nus.org.uk/ |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=sustainability.nus.org.uk |archive-date=2021-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414221801/https://sustainability.nus.org.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tattaunawa == NUS ta zo ne don zargi daga kungiyoyin dalibai wadanda ba su da alaƙa. Sen Ganesh, shugaban kungiyar Imperial College Union a lokacin, ya ce a shekara ta 2002 cewa "da'awar NUS na zama wakilin dalibai ba ta tabbatar da aikin su ba", musamman kamar yadda "NUS ta mamaye daliban Labour kuma wannan ya rage ikon magance matsalolin dalibai ba tare da nuna bambanci ba". Wani zargi da aka yi wa NUS shine rashin Dimokuradiyya kai tsaye wajen zabar jami'an kasa. Ana zabar jami'an NUS a taron ta hanyar wakilai da kungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da NUS suka zaba. Masu sukar, daga ciki da waje na ƙungiyar ɗalibai, sun yi jayayya cewa shawarwarin da ƙungiyoyi suka yi da membobinsu game da wanda ya kamata ya wakilci ƙungiyar ɗalibai a taron ƙasa sau da yawa kaɗan ne, kuma wasu sun yi jayyana don amincewa da canje-canje ga kundin tsarin mulkin NUS wanda zai haifar da manufofin memba ɗaya-ƙuri ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=One Member One Vote Working Group Findings |url=http://www.theyworkforstudents.co.uk/uploads/6/2/1/0/6210998/nc2012_omov_report.pdf |access-date=22 December 2014 |website=They Work for Students |publisher=Theyworkforstudents.com |archive-date=22 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222131101/http://www.theyworkforstudents.co.uk/uploads/6/2/1/0/6210998/nc2012_omov_report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=#NUSnc14 – And our one member one vote motion. |url=http://www.yusu.org/your-union/blogs/entry/1319 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222131054/http://www.yusu.org/your-union/blogs/entry/1319 |archive-date=22 December 2014 |access-date=22 December 2014 |website=University of York Students' Union}}</ref> An kuma soki NUS saboda fifiko ga NUS Extra akan kamfen akan batutuwan da ke shafar dalibai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NUS: Extra rip-off for students? |url=http://www.epigram.org.uk/view.php?id=906 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722200944/http://www.epigram.org.uk/view.php?id=906 |archive-date=22 July 2011 |access-date=31 May 2010 |publisher=Epigram.org.uk}}</ref> === Rikicin kudi === A tsakiyar 2000s, NUS ta fuskanci matsalar kudi, wanda ya haifar da daidaituwa na kashe kudi da raguwar samun kudin shiga. An gabatar da jerin matakan don magance wannan, wanda mafi yawan rikice-rikice ya haɗa da jerin canje-canje ga tsarin mulki da tsarin dimokuradiyya. A shekara ta 2004, taron gaggawa guda biyu sun wuce wasu daga cikin canje-canjen da aka gabatar, duk da cewa ba tare da rikici mai tsanani ba tsakanin waɗanda ke da'awar cewa shawarwarin sun kasance sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci don kula da wanzuwar kungiyar da waɗanda ke jayayya cewa an yi niyyar hana su dimokuradiyya da shiga. Taron NUS na 2006 ya zartar da manufofin da suka ba NUS damar ƙaddamar da NUS Extra a watan Satumbar 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NUS CD21 Resolutions – March 2006 |url=http://studentunion.ca/international/uk/NUS%20-%20CD21%20Resolutions%20-%20March%202006.pdf#page=17 |access-date=20 February 2014 |publisher=NUS }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Yakin ƙarya === A cikin gudu har zuwa babban zaben 2015 NUS ta kaddamar da kamfen din Liar Liar da nufin kawar da mambobin majalisar (MPs) wadanda suka karya alkawura game da kudin ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Liar Liar: www.nus.org.uk |url=http://www.nus.org.uk/en/liar-liar/ |access-date=2015-04-21 |archive-date=2015-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419220412/http://www.nus.org.uk/en/liar-liar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A kimanin kudin £ 40,000 kuma ya kunshi kamfen din kafofin sada zumunta tare da allon talla, ɗalibai da yawa sun karɓi kamfen ɗin sosai, amma kuma sun kasance ƙarƙashin zargi saboda an motsa shi da siyasa musamman a kan 'Yan majalisa na Liberal Democrat kamar yadda ya saba da membobin dukkan jam'iyyun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morrissey |first=Ciarán |date=2015-04-21 |title=NUS's 'Liar Liar' campaign comes under fire for being politically biased |url=http://www.nouse.co.uk/2015/04/21/nus-liar-liar-campaign-comes-under-fire-for-being-politically-biased/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523172227/http://www.nouse.co.uk/2015/04/21/nus-liar-liar-campaign-comes-under-fire-for-being-politically-biased/ |archive-date=2015-05-23 |access-date=2015-04-21 |website=[[Nouse]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dougherty |first=Sarah |title=Blair Blair: a response to the NUS's 'Liar Liar' campaign {{!}} Redbrick |url=http://www.redbrick.me/ge2015/election-comment/blair-blair-a-response-to-the-nus-liar-liar-campaign/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427021655/http://www.redbrick.me/ge2015/election-comment/blair-blair-a-response-to-the-nus-liar-liar-campaign/ |archive-date=27 April 2015 |access-date=2015-04-21 |website=Redbrick}}</ref> An kuma cire hotunan da ke inganta kamfen ɗin daga tashoshin jirgin ƙasa da yawa a kan dalilin cewa Network Rail "kungiyar bangaren jama'a ce mai tsawon makamai" sabili da haka dole ne ta kasance tsaka-tsaki a siyasa. NUS ta yi iƙirarin cewa cire hotunan wani yunkuri ne na "ci" ƙungiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meikle |first=James |date=24 April 2015 |title=Network Rail orders removal of NUS anti-Lib Dem posters |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/apr/24/network-rail-orders-removal-students-anti-lib-dem-posters-tuition-fees |access-date=2015-04-24 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Shugaban NUS Toni Pearce ya kare ayyukan kungiyar yana cewa karya alkawarin game da kudaden karatun: "Ba karamin laifi ba ne. Ba lallai ne mu riƙe su don yin lissafin wannan, kuma za mu yi. " == Dubi kuma == * Gudanar da Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Kasa * Jerin kungiyoyin dalibai a Burtaniya da ba su da alaƙa da NUS * Kamfen na Ƙungiyar Dalibai Masu Naƙasassu * Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Scotland * Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Ƙasa-Ƙungiyar Dalibai a Ireland * Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Ƙasa ta Wales * Kamfen na Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Mata == Manazarta == {{DEFAULTSORT:National Union Of Students Of The United Kingdom}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e15nqyp9ccjnf08jnc1yfcewhdjz8sl 0 112924 827884 701829 2026-04-30T01:13:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Dokar Kare Mata Daga Cin Zarafi 2015''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Protection of Women Against Violence Bill 2015 |url=http://www.punjabcode.punjab.gov.pk/public/dr/PUNJAB%20PROTECTION%20OF%20WOMEN%20AGAINST%20VIOLENCE%20BILL%202015.doc.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223005529/https://punjabcode.punjab.gov.pk/public/dr/PUNJAB%20PROTECTION%20OF%20WOMEN%20AGAINST%20VIOLENCE%20BILL%202015.doc.pdf |archive-date=2020-12-23 |access-date=2016-03-20}}</ref> wani kudiri ne wanda Sashen Sa Ido na Musamman na CM (Law and Order) ya tsara kuma Majalisar Lardin Punjab <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |last=Hanif |first=Intikhab |date=2016-02-25 |title=PA approves bill for protection of women against violence |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1241751 |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=www.dawn.com}}</ref> ta zartar wanda Malik Muhammad Rafique Rajwana ya sanya hannu kan wata doka a ranar 1 ga Maris 2016. Dokar ta ayyana cin zarafi na zahiri, kalaman batanci, zage-zage, laifuffukan yanar gizo, cin zarafi na jima'i, cin zarafi na tunani da tunani kan mata laifi a Punjab, gida mai kashi 60% na al'ummar Pakistan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Protection Bill becomes law in Punjab |url=http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2016/03/01/national/women-protection-bill-becomes-law-in-punjab/ |access-date=2016-03-20}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ta ƙirƙiri lambar shiga ba tare da izini ba (UAN) don karɓar korafe-korafe yayin da za a kafa kwamitocin kariya na gunduma don bincikar koke-koken da mata suka shigar. Za kuma a kafa cibiyoyin sasantawa da warware takaddama. Kowace gunduma za ta sami matsuguni na mata da ƙungiyoyin matakin gunduma don bincika rahotannin cin zarafi da kuma ba da umarnin yin amfani da mundayen GPS don kiyaye masu laifi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Farooq |first=Daniyal Hassan {{!}} Omar |date=2016-03-14 |title=Women's Protection Bill — A case of men's insecurities |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1245591/womens-protection-bill-a-case-of-mens-insecurities |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=www.dawn.com}}</ref> Kudirin kudirin na nufin inganta [[daidaiton jinsi]] a lardin, ya ba wa mata damar samun odar zama, wanda aka azabtar na da damar zama a gidan idan ba ta son barin gidan ko kuma wanda ake kara ya samar da wani wurin zama na daban ga wanda abin ya shafa idan tana so. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=BILL to establish an effective system of protection relief and rehabilitation of women against violence |url=http://www.punjabcode.punjab.gov.pk/public/dr/PUNJAB%20PROTECTION%20OF%20WOMEN%20AGAINST%20VIOLENCE%20BILL%202015.doc.pdf |access-date= |website= |publisher= |archive-date=2020-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223005529/https://punjabcode.punjab.gov.pk/public/dr/PUNJAB%20PROTECTION%20OF%20WOMEN%20AGAINST%20VIOLENCE%20BILL%202015.doc.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, idan ana cin zarafi ko zage-zage, za ta iya neman odar kariyar da ta umurci wanda ake tuhuma da kada ya yi magana da ita ko kuma ya yi tazara da ita. Bugu da kari, wanda aka azabtar zai iya neman agajin kudi daga wanda ake tuhuma don biyan kudaden da aka samu da kuma asarar da aka samu ta hanyar odar kudi a cikin wannan lissafin. <ref name="autogenerated1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hanif |first=Intikhab |date=2015-06-11 |title=PA likely to pass women protection bill today |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1187487 |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=www.dawn.com}}</ref> An bayyana dokar a matsayin mai raba kan jama'a, musamman ma jam'iyyun addini masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun yi watsi da kudurin dokar kare hakkin mata da suka kira shi 'ra'ayin Musulunci'. An kirkiro wata babbar gamayyar jam'iyyun siyasa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a Pakistan don adawa da kudirin, wadanda suka hada da Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan Islami Tehreek da Ahl al-Hadith . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Kalbe |date=2016-03-06 |title=Religious parties reject women protection bill |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1243896 |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=www.dawn.com}}</ref> Majalisar akidar Musulunci ta kuma yi adawa da kudirin <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Kalbe |date=2016-03-03 |title='Article 6 applicable against Punjab Assembly' |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1243241/article-6-applicable-against-punjab-assembly |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=www.dawn.com}}</ref> yayin da Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman ya kira dokar a matsayin wani bangare na 'cika manufofin kasashen waje'. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=The Newspaper's Staff |date=2016-03-02 |title=Religious parties can derail govt, Fazl tells Sana |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1243017/religious-parties-can-derail-govt-fazl-tells-sana |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=www.dawn.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women protection bill faces mullahs' wrath - SpecialReport - Dunya News |url=http://dunyanews.tv/en/SpecialReport/327734-Women-protection-bill-faces-mullahs-wrath |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=dunyanews.tv}}</ref> An kalubalanci dokar a Kotun Shari'ar Musulunci ta Tarayya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2016 |title=Women protection bill challenged in sharia court - The Express Tribune |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1059372/landmark-pakistan-womens-protection-bill-challenged-in-sharia-court/ |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2016 |title=Religious groups say law protecting women from abuse 'un-Islamic' - The Express Tribune |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1066085/religious-groups-say-law-protecting-women-from-abuse-un-islamic/ |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Maris, 2016, Bassra Bibi, 30, mai shekaru 30, ta shigar da kara a gaban shari'a bisa doka a [[Lahore]], wacce ta shigar da kara kan mijinta saboda [[Tashin hankali na gida|cin zarafinta a cikin gida]], cikin sa'a guda 'yan sanda sun kama mijinta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2016 |title=First case registered in Lahore under Women's Protection Act - The Express Tribune |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1056970/first-case-registered-in-lahore-under-womens-protection-act/ |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> Magoya bayan kudirin sun gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da koma bayan da masu ra'ayin rikau ke yi, an kira shi a matsayin karo na farko da wata doka ta ba da kariya ta hanyar aiwatar da tsarin da aka gina don tabbatar da yin adalci cikin gaggawa ga wadanda abin ya shafa. Wannan ya kasance ta hanyar kafa SMULawOrder's <nowiki>''</nowiki> cin zarafin Cibiyoyin Mata <nowiki>''</nowiki> kuma an ba da cikakkun bayanai game da wannan cibiya a ƙasa. '''Rikicin da Cibiyoyin Mata (VAWCs)''' A cikin Punjab, kowace rana, ana kashe mata 6 ko yunƙurin kisan kai, 8 fyade, 11 duka da cin zarafi, kuma an sace mata 32 yayin da adadin hukuncin ya kasance kawai 1-2.5% (DIG Investigations Branch 2013). Matan da aka zalunta dole ne su sha tsarin macizai da tsani na shari'a don kawai su shigar da FIR. Sashen Sa ido na Musamman na Babban Ministan (Law & Order), a karkashin jagorancin Babban Ministan Punjab yana kafa Rikicin Against Women Centers (VAWC) a gundumomi 36 na Punjab, don samar da cikakken tsarin bayar da adalci ga matan da aka yi musu fyade. A halin yanzu VAWC na farko yana gudana a gundumar Multan, wanda za a fara aiki a watan Yuni 2016. Za a sake yin samfurin a sauran gundumomi 35, ta hanyar tsarin hikimar lokaci, kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kariyar Mata ta Punjab. Ƙaddamar da Cin Hanci da Cibiyoyin Mata gaba ɗaya zai canza tsarin rashin ƙarfi na yanzu ta hanyar daidaita tsarin tsarin shari'ar da kuma haɗa sassan ta hanyar software. Tare da wadannan 24-hour duk-1omen gudu VAWCs duk katse sassan za a kawo a karkashin rufin daya - taimakon farko, rahoton 'yan sanda, FIR masauki, la'anta, likita jarrabawa, forensics da post rauni rehabilitation domin karfafa hali na kara. Layin taimako na kyauta, cibiyar al'umma da gidan matsuguni suma suna cikin waɗannan cibiyoyin. A cikin Dokar Kariyar Mata, an ba da izinin shigar da waɗannan a duk gundumomi 36 na Punjab. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2016 |title=All stakeholders consulted on women protection bill: Sufi - The Express Tribune |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1056151/all-stakeholders-consulted-on-women-protection-bill-sufi/ |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=The Newspaper's Staff |date=2016-03-20 |title=Demo in favour of women's act |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1246799/demo-in-favour-of-womens-act-in-lahore |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=www.dawn.com}}</ref> Malamai sun yaba da kudurin dokar da suka hada da mataimakin shugaban GCU Lahore, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2016 |title=Policy and practice: 'Women protection law not unfair to men' - The Express Tribune |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1066289/policy-and-practice-women-protection-law-not-unfair-to-men-sufi/ |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> National Students Federation, <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2016 |title=NSF seeks to empower women via 'Draw for Feminism' campaign - The Express Tribune |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1065149/nsf-seeks-to-empower-women-via-draw-for-feminism-campaign/ |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> Punjab Chief Minister [[Shehbaz Sharif]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjab CM defends women protection law |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/28-Feb-2016/punjab-cm-defends-women-protection-law |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=DailyTimes}}</ref> [[Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Pakistan|Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Pakistan]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=modousarr |date=29 February 2016 |title=Momentous Women's Rights Bills Commended By Activists |url=http://www.newspakistan.pk/2016/02/29/momentous-womens-rights-bills-commended-activists/ |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=News Pakistan}}</ref> masu fafutuka ciki har da [[Asma Jahangir]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jugnu 6 March 2016 {{!}} Asma Jahangir on Women Protection Bill - Geo News |url=http://www.video.com.pk/watch.php?vid=d921d8268 |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=www.video.com.pk |archive-date=2016-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402210018/http://www.video.com.pk/watch.php?vid=d921d8268 |url-status=dead }}</ref> da Farzana Bari, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Bari Interview |url=http://www.vidrail.com/video/17790/farzana-bari-defend-punjab-assembly-women-protection-bill |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> jam'iyyun siyasa na Pakistan da jam'iyyun adawa (8) Pakistan Party People Party (N. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-03-08 |title=Promotion of women's rights a religious obligation: PPP |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/236423/promotion-of-women-s-rights-a-religious-obligation-ppp |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=www.dawn.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Maris, 2016, an gudanar da zanga-zanga a [[Lahore]] da Faisalabad don tallafawa lissafin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2016 |title=Women protection law: Civil society urges govt to implement law - The Express Tribune |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1069081/women-protection-law-civil-society-urges-govt-to-implement-law/ |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> An kafa kwamitin hadin gwiwa (JAC) wanda ya hada da masu rajin kare hakkin dan Adam da na ’yan siyasa da kungiyoyin farar hula don tallafawa dokar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women protection law: 'Don't give into pressure from religious parties' - The Express Tribune |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1068548/women-protection-law-dont-give-into-pressure-from-religious-parties/ |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> Kungiyar addini daya tilo da ta goyi bayan kudirin ita ce Majalisar Malamai ta Pakistan . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ulema extend support to Women Protection Bill '15 |url=http://aaj.tv/2016/03/ulema-extend-support-to-women-protection-bill-15/ |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=Aaj News |archive-date=2016-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314163212/http://aaj.tv/2016/03/ulema-extend-support-to-women-protection-bill-15/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gabaɗaya an yaba da lissafin a matsayin cikakke a cikin da'irar masu sassaucin ra'ayi a Pakistan. Editocin jaridu da suka hada da ''The Express Tribune'', <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2016 |title=Time to take a stand - The Express Tribune |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1067700/time-to-take-a-stand-2/ |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> <nowiki><i id="mwoA">Dawn</i></nowiki>, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Editorial |date=2016-02-29 |title=Protection for women |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1242577 |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=www.dawn.com}}</ref> <nowiki><i id="mwpg">Daily Times</i></nowiki> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's protection bill |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/editorial/26-Feb-2016/women-s-protection-bill |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=DailyTimes}}</ref> da ''The Friday Times'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2016 |title=Significant developments ‹ The Friday Times |url=http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/significant-developments/ |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=www.thefridaytimes.com}}</ref> sun goyi bayan lissafin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women protection law: "Clash of Titans" between liberal and radical Pakistan |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/09-Mar-2016/women-protection-law-clash-of-titans-between-liberal-and-radical-pakistan |access-date=2016-03-20 |website=DailyTimes}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hncasjcg5jekjtm60h4gjninxooso6v 0 114647 827898 732892 2026-04-30T04:51:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kennedy Osei Nyarko''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Oktoba 1979 a [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|yankin Gabas]], [[Ghana]] ) ɗan siyasan ne kasar Ghana ne. An zabe shi dan majalisa a 2016 mai wakiltar Akim Swedru . A watan Nuwamba 2017, an nada shi mataimakin ministan noma a [[Ghana|jamhuriyar Ghana]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyabor |first=Jonas |date=2017-11-05 |title=Kennedy Osei Nyarko approved as new Dep. Agric minister |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/11/05/parliament-approves-nomination-of-new-dep-agric-minister/ |access-date=2019-02-13 |website=citifmonline.com |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="GW1">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2017 |title=Akufo-Addo swears in Osei Nyarko as Deputy Agric Minister |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Akufo-Addo-swears-in-Osei-Nyarko-as-Deputy-Agric-Minister-600985 |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Eugene |date=2017-11-03 |title=Parliament approves new Dep. Agric Minister |url=https://thebftonline.com/2017/11/03/parliament-approves-new-dep-agric-minister/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=The Business & Financial Times |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Kennedy a ranar 2 ga Oktoban 1979 kuma ya fito ne daga Akim Swedru a yankin Gabashin Ghana. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=109 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106095754/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=109 |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=www.parliament.gh}}</ref> Ya halarci [[Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana|Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanarwa ta Ghana]] inda ya sami digiri na farko a [[Kasuwancin yanar gizo|fannin Kasuwanci]] a 2010. Bayan kammala karatunsa na farko, ya halarci Chartered Institute of Marketing a Birtaniya inda ya kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin tallace-tallace a 2011. A 2012, ya kammala digiri na biyu a fannin tallace-tallace a [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kennedy Osei Nyarko, Biography |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Kennedy-Osei-Nyarko-2911 |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da samun digirin sa na Master of Science a Canjin yanayi da ci gaba mai dorewa a shekarar 2019 daga Jami'ar Ghana. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile of Akim Swedru MP Hon Kennedy Osei Nyarko – Ghananews247 |url=https://www.ghananews247.com/2020/01/28/profile-of-akim-swedru-mp-hon-kennedy-osei-nyarko/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126123949/https://www.ghananews247.com/2020/01/28/profile-of-akim-swedru-mp-hon-kennedy-osei-nyarko/ |archive-date=26 January 2023 |access-date=2023-01-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Kafin ya fara harkar siyasa, Kennedy ya kasance manajan tallace-tallace na fasaha a JA Plant Pool, kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Ghana na tsawon shekaru uku kuma Janar Manaja na shiyyar Arewa ta kamfanin. Ya kasance Shugaban tallace-tallace / Talla a Jospong Group of Companies. Ya kuma kasance Shugaban Kasuwanci a Zoomlion Ghana Limited. <ref name=":0"/> Yana da gidan rediyo mai suna Bosome FM. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abedu-Kennedy |first=Dorcas |date=2021-10-01 |title=Akim Swedru MP hit with sad news |url=https://www.adomonline.com/akim-swedru-mp-hit-with-sad-news/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Adomonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Siyasa == Kennedy dan sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party ne kuma a halin yanzu dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Akim Swedru a yankin Gabashin Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Appiah |first=Isaac |date=2022-12-03 |title=NPP MP welcomes government’s decision to reintroduce road toll in 2023 |url=https://theindependentghana.com/npp-mp-welcomes-governments-decision-to-reintroduce-road-toll-in-2023/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126124217/https://theindependentghana.com/npp-mp-welcomes-governments-decision-to-reintroduce-road-toll-in-2023/ |archive-date=26 January 2023 |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=The Independent Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=MP for Akim Swedru, Kennedy Osei Nyarko Hands Over Ultra-Modern Police Post To Divisional police command, Akim Oda |url=https://www.ahenkanfmonline.com/mp-for-akim-swedru-kennedy-osei-nyarko-hands-over-ultra-modern-police-post-to-divisional-police-command-akim-oda/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=AHENKAN FM 93.3 AKYEM ABOABO-GH |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401165002/https://www.ahenkanfmonline.com/mp-for-akim-swedru-kennedy-osei-nyarko-hands-over-ultra-modern-police-post-to-divisional-police-command-akim-oda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2012, ya tsaya takarar dan majalisar dokokin Ghana kuma ya samu kuri'u 7143. A wannan shekarar ne aka zabe shi kan mukaminsa. A shekarar 2017, saboda murabus din tsohon mataimakin ministan noma William Quaitoo ya nada shi mataimakin ministan noma ta [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title='Agric minister will never ask for CocobodOCOBOD bungalow' - Deputy dismisses |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2018/October-4th/agric-minister-will-never-ask-for-cocobod-bungalow-deputy-dismisses.php |access-date=2019-02-17 |website=www.myjoyonline.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-03 |title=Akufo-Addo nominates Kennedy Osei Nyarko as Dept Agric Minister |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/akufo-addo-nominates-kennedy-osei-nyarko-as-dept-agric-minister.html |access-date=2019-02-17 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=COCOBOD CEO salary slashed by 30% - Government rejects Minority overspending claim |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/COCOBOD-CEO-salary-slashed-by-30-Government-rejects-Minority-overspending-claim-690318 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005083201/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/COCOBOD-CEO-salary-slashed-by-30-Government-rejects-Minority-overspending-claim-690318 |archive-date=5 October 2018 |access-date=2019-02-17 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=I'll Support the Modernisation of Agriculture to Maximize Production ― Kennedy Nyarko Osei |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/media-center/news/4115-i-ll-support-the-modernisation-of-agriculture-to-maximize-production-kennedy-nyarko-osei |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905075934/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/media-center/news/4115-i-ll-support-the-modernisation-of-agriculture-to-maximize-production-kennedy-nyarko-osei |archive-date=5 September 2019 |access-date=2019-02-19 |website=www.ghana.gov.gh}}</ref> === zaben 2012 === A babban zaben Ghana na 2012, ya lashe kujerar majalisar dokokin mazabar Akim Swedru da kuri'u 8,865 inda ya samu kashi 55.78% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada yayin da dan takarar majalisar NDC Robert Samuel Ansah ya samu kuri'u 3,533 inda ya samu kashi 22.23% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada, dan takarar majalisar dokoki na PPP Marafoh 5% 4. Jimillar kuri'un da aka kada, dan takarar majalisa mai zaman kansa Joseph Ampomah Bosompem ya samu kuri'u 3,217 wanda ya zama kashi 20.24% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada sannan dan takarar majalisar dokoki na jam'iyyar NDP Godwin Boadi ya samu kuri'u 48 wanda ya zama kashi 0.30% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2012 Election - Akim Swedru Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/parliament/eastern/akim_swedru/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126143258/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/parliament/eastern/akim_swedru/ |archive-date=26 January 2023 |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}</ref> === zaben 2016 === A babban zaben kasar Ghana na 2016, ya sake lashe kujerar majalisar dokokin mazabar Akim Swedru da kuri'u 11,458 wanda ya samu kashi 71.4% na kuri'un da aka kada yayin da dan takarar majalisar dokokin kasar ta NDC, Robert Samuel Ansah ya samu kuri'u 4,056 da ya samu kashi 25.3% na kuri'un da aka kada, dan takarar majalisar dokoki na PPP 5 Ernest A.1% da aka kada, kuma dan takarar majalisar dokokin CPP Anim Addo ya samu kuri'u 25 wanda ya zama kashi 0.2% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2016 Election - Akim Swedru Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/eastern/akim_swedru/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625160638/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/eastern/akim_swedru/ |archive-date=25 June 2024 |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}</ref> === zaben 2020 === A babban zaben Ghana na 2020, ya sake lashe kujerar majalisar dokokin mazabar Akim Swedru da kuri'u 11,180 wanda ya samu kashi 71.3% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada yayin da dan takarar majalisar dokokin kasar ta NDC Taaju Abdu Rahim ya samu kuri'u 4,503 da ya samu kashi 28.7% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2020 Election - Akim Swedru Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/eastern/akim_swedru/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126142422/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/eastern/akim_swedru/ |archive-date=26 January 2023 |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliamentary Results for Akim Swedru |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&ID=99 |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> === Kwamitoci === A shekarar 2017, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin kananan hukumomi a majalisar dokokin Ghana. <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=MP assures early release of Common funds |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> Kennedy shi ne Shugaban Kwamitin Hanyoyi da Sufuri, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampofo |first=Abigail |date=2022-07-23 |title=Most of Ghana's road problems due to inadequate finance – Osei Nyarko |url=https://theindependentghana.com/most-of-ghanas-road-problems-due-to-inadequate-finance-osei-nyarko/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126124329/https://theindependentghana.com/most-of-ghanas-road-problems-due-to-inadequate-finance-osei-nyarko/ |archive-date=26 January 2023 |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=The Independent Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-16 |title=Work begins on four Accra-Kumasi road bypasses in April |url=https://dailystatesman.com.gh/work-begins-on-four-accra-kumasi-road-bypasses-in-april/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=The Daily Statesman Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> memba ne na Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Musamman, kuma mamba ne na Kwamitin Asusun Jama'a. <ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Kennedy Kirista ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Osei, Nyarko Kennedy |url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/kennedy-osei-nyarko/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Ghana MPS |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tallafawa == A watan Oktoba 2022, ya kafa tsarin bayar da lambar yabo ta Malamai don zaburar da malamai a mazabar Akim Swedru. <ref>{{Cite web |last=adminfirstnews |date=2022-10-08 |title=Kennedy Osei Nyarko Rewards Teachers In His Constituency |url=https://firstnewsroom.com/2022/10/08/kennedy-osei-nyarko-rewards-teachers-in-his-constituency/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Firstnewsroom |language=en-US}}</ref> == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] 7qzlgmgh8lbxfqx4g16s27sfn1f2tc4 0 114935 827878 707094 2026-04-30T00:39:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox||name=Clove|image=Syzygium_aromaticum_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-030.jpg|genus=Syzygium|species=aromaticum|authority=([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Elmer Drew Merrill|Merr.]] & [[L.M.Perry]]|synonyms_ref=<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN | name = ''Syzygium aromaticum'' (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry | id = 50069 | access-date = June 9, 2011}}</ref>|synonyms=* ''Caryophyllus aromaticus'' <small>L.</small> * ''Eugenia aromatica'' <small>(L.) Baill.</small> * ''Eugenia caryophyllata'' <small>Thunb.</small> * ''Eugenia caryophyllus'' <small>(Spreng.) Bullock & S.G.Harrison</small> * ''Jambosa caryophyllus'' <small>(Thunb.) Nied.</small>}}<gallery> Fayil:Djarum-blacks-kretek.jpg|Kretek clove cigarettes, [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]] Fayil:Orange_pomander.jpg|Cloves used in an orange as a pomander Fayil:Clove_close_up.jpg|Dried clove bud </gallery>'''Cloves''' sune furanni masu ƙanshi na itace a cikin dangin Myrtaceae, '''''Syzygium aromaticum''''' (/sɪˈzɪdʒiːəm ˌærəˈmætɪkəm/). Su 'yan asalin Tsibirin Maluku ne, ko Moluccas, a [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], kuma ana amfani da su azaman kayan yaji, dandano, ko ƙanshi a cikin samfuran masu amfani, kamar su toothpaste, sabulu, ko [[Kwalliya|kayan shafawa]].<ref name="kew">{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=''Syzygium aromaticum'' (L.) Merr. and L.M. Perry |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:601421-1 |access-date=28 February 2021 |publisher=Kew Science, Plants of the World Online}}</ref><ref name="drugs">{{Cite web |date=22 February 2024 |title=Clove |url=https://www.drugs.com/mtm/clove.html |access-date=25 December 2024 |publisher=Drugs.com}}</ref> Ana samun cloves a ko'ina cikin shekara saboda lokutan girbi daban-daban a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban. == Magana == The word ''clove'', first used in [[Turanci|English]] in the 15th century, derives via Middle English {{Lang|enm|clow of gilofer}},<ref name="uch" /> Anglo-[[Faransanci|French]] ''clowes de gilofre'' and Old French {{Lang|fro|clou de girofle}}, from the Latin word ''{{Lang|la|clavus}}'' "nail". The related [[Turanci|English]] word ''gillyflower'', originally meaning "clove", derives via said Old French {{Lang|fro|girofle}} and Latin ''{{Lang|la|caryophyllon}}'', from the Greek {{Transl|grc|karyophyllon}} "clove", literally "nut leaf".<ref name="uch">{{Cite journal |last=Uchibayashi |first=M. |date=2001 |title=[Etymology of clove] |journal=Yakushigaku Zasshi |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=167–170 |issn=0285-2314 |pmid=11971288}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == Itacen clove itace mai tsayi ne wanda ke girma har zuwa mita 8-12 (26-39 tsayi, tare da manyan ganye da furanni masu launin ruwan kasa da aka haɗa tarin ƙarshe. Fure-fure da farko suna da launin fari, sannu a hankali suna zama kore, sannan suna canzawa zuwa ja mai haske lokacin da suke shirye don girbi. Ana girbe cloves a - in) tsawo, kuma ya ƙunshi dogon calyx wanda ya ƙare a cikin hudu masu yadawa, da kuma hudu da ba a buɗe su ba waɗanda suka samar da ƙaramin ball na tsakiya.{{Convert|1.5|–|2|cm|in}} Ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ne na ƙwayoyin [[Inflorescence|fure]] waɗanda ke nuna kishiyar reshe. A waje, suna da launin ruwan kasa, [[mai]] laushi, kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da gajeren karyewa da bushewa, katako. ''Cloves na uwa (anthophylli)'' 'ya'yan itace ne masu tsufa na cloves waɗanda suke ovoid, 'ya'ya masu launin ruwan kasa, [[Locule|unilocular]] da guda ɗaya. ''Cloves da aka hura'' sune furanni masu fadada daga abin da aka raba [[Corolla (flower)|corollae]] da [[Stamens|stamen]]. ''Cloves da suka ƙare'' suna da mafi yawan ko duk man da aka cire ta hanyar distillation. Ba sa samar da [[mai]] kuma suna da duhu a launi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2023}}^{&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]''&#x5D;} == Amfani da shi == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Fayil:ClovesDried.jpg|left|thumb|Cloves da aka bushe]] [[Fayil:The_flowers_of_clove_tree_in_Pemba_island.JPG|thumb|Fure-fure na itace]] Ana amfani da Cloves a cikin abinci na Asiya, [[Al'adar nau'ikan abincin afrika|Afirka]], [[Abincin Bahar Rum|Rum]], da Ƙasashen Kusa da Gabas ta Tsakiya, suna ba da dandano ga nama (irin su [[Ham|naman gasa]] ), [[Curry|curries]], da marinades, da 'ya'yan itace (irin su apples, pears, and rhubarb ). Ana iya amfani da ƙwanƙara don ba da halaye masu ƙamshi da ɗanɗano ga abubuwan sha masu zafi, galibi ana haɗa su da sauran sinadarai kamar lemo da sukari. Sun kasance nau'i na gama gari a cikin gaurayawan kayan yaji (a matsayin wani ɓangare na [[Abincin Malay|Malay]] ''rempah empat beradik'' - "kayan kamshi huɗu" - ban da kirfa, cardamom da anise tauraro misali ), gami da kabewa da kayan yaji. A cikin Abincin Mexico, cloves an fi sani da clavos de olor, kuma sau da yawa suna tare da cumin da cinnamon. Ana kuma amfani da su a cikin abincin Peruvian, a cikin nau'ikan abinci iri-iri kamar ''carapulcra'' da arroz con leche. Babban bangare na dandano na clove yana ba da sinadarin eugenol, <ref name="eugenol">{{Cite journal |last=Kamatou, G. P. |last2=Vermaak, I. |last3=Viljoen, A. M. |year=2012 |title=Eugenol--from the remote Maluku Islands to the international market place: a review of a remarkable and versatile molecule |journal=Molecules |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=6953–81 |doi=10.3390/molecules17066953 |pmc=6268661 |pmid=22728369 |doi-access=free}}</ref> kuma yawan kayan yaji da ake buƙata yawanci karami ne. Yana da kyau tare da cinnamon, allspice, vanilla, jan ruwan inabi, [[Ɗaɗɗoya|Basil]], [[albasa]], citrus peel, star anise, da peppercorns. === Amfani da ba na abinci ba === Sau da yawa ana ƙara shi zuwa betel quids don inganta ƙanshi yayin cinyewa. Ana amfani da kayan yaji a cikin wani nau'in sigari da ake kira ''kretek'' a Indonesia. An yi amfani da sigari a duk faɗin Turai, Asiya, da Amurka. A halin yanzu ana rarraba sigari a Amurka a matsayin sigari, sakamakon haramtacciyar sigari mai ɗanɗano a watan Satumbar 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Flavored Tobacco |url=https://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/FlavoredTobacco/default.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924143849/http://www.fda.gov/TobaccoProducts/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/FlavoredTobacco/default.htm |archive-date=September 24, 2009 |access-date=September 7, 2012 |publisher=FDA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2012 |title=The Tobacco Control Act's Ban of Clove Cigarettes and the WTO: A Detailed Analysis |url=https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R42733.html |access-date=2022-05-12 |publisher=Congressional Research Service Reports |language=en}}</ref> Ana iya amfani da man fetur mai mahimmanci don hana ci gaban ƙura a kan nau'ikan abinci daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ju |first=Jian |last2=Xu |first2=Xiaomiao |last3=Xie |first3=Yunfei |last4=Guo |first4=Yahui |last5=Cheng |first5=Yuliang |last6=Qian |first6=He |last7=Yao |first7=Weirong |date=2018 |title=Inhibitory effects of cinnamon and clove essential oils on mold growth on baked foods |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308814617312736 |journal=Food Chemistry |language=en |volume=240 |pages=850–855 |doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.120 |pmid=28946351 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Baya ga waɗannan amfani da clove ba na abinci ba, ana iya amfani da shi don kare itace a cikin tsarin kiyaye Al'adun al'adu, kuma ya nuna ingancin man clove mai mahimmanci ya zama mafi girma fiye da mai kiyaye itace na boron.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pop |first=Dana-Mihaela |last2=Timar |first2=Maria Cristina |last3=Varodi |first3=Anca Maria |last4=Beldean |first4=Emanuela Carmen |date=December 2021 |title=An evaluation of clove (''Eugenia caryophyllata'') essential oil as a potential alternative antifungal wood protection system for cultural heritage conservation |journal=Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología |language=en |volume=24 |doi=10.4067/S0718-221X2022000100411 |issn=0718-221X |s2cid=245952586 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana iya amfani da ƙuƙwalwa don yin pomander mai ƙanshi idan aka haɗa shi da orange. Lokacin da aka ba shi kyauta a Ingila ta Victorian, irin wannan pomander ya nuna dumi na ji. [[Fayil:Seasonal_clove_buds_drying_on_Pemba1.jpg|thumb|Cloves bushewa a rana]] === Sakamakon da ba shi da kyau da kuma amfani da shi === Amfani da clove don kowane dalili na magani ba a amince da shi ba daga Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka, kuma amfani da shi na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako idan mutane da ke fama da Cutar hanta, zubar da jini da cututtukan Tsarin rigakafi, ko rashin lafiyan abinci.<ref name="drugs"/> Ana amfani da ƙuƙwalwa a cikin maganin gargajiya a matsayin mai mahimmanci, wanda aka nufa ya zama anodyne (analgesic) galibi don gaggawa na hakora. Akwai shaidar cewa man clove dauke da eugenol yana da tasiri ga ciwon hakora da sauran nau'ikan ciwo.<ref name="drugs"/><ref name="nih">{{Cite web |date=28 March 2024 |title=Clove |url=https://www.medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/251.html |access-date=25 December 2024 |publisher=MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eugenol - COLCORONA Clinical Trial |url=https://www.colcorona.net/de/haarausfall-nach-corona |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=www.colcorona.net |archive-date=2024-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907150639/https://www.colcorona.net/de/haarausfall-nach-corona |url-status=dead }}</ref> Man mai mahimmanci na ƙuƙwalwa na iya hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta na ''Enterococcus faecalis'' wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin maganin tushen da bai yi nasara ba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sarahfin Aslan |last2=Masriadi |last3=Nur Rahmah Hasanuddin |last4=Andi Tenri Biba Mallombasang |last5=Nur Azizah a.r |date=2022 |title=Effectiveness of Mixed Clove Flower Extract (Syzygium Aromaticum) And Sweet Wood (Cinnamon Burmanni) on the Growth of Enterococcus Faecalis |url=https://medicopublication.com/index.php/ijfmt/article/view/17639 |journal=Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=1089–1094 |doi=10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17639 |s2cid=245045753 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin bita ya ba da rahoton ingancin eugenol haɗe da Zinc oxide a matsayin analgesic don alveolar osteitis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taberner-Vallverdú |first=M. |last2=Nazir |first2=M. |last3=Sanchez-Garces |first3=M. Á. |last4=Gay-Escoda |first4=C. |year=2015 |title=Efficacy of different methods used for dry socket management: A systematic review |journal=Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=e633–e639 |doi=10.4317/medoral.20589 |pmc=4598935 |pmid=26116842}}</ref> Nazarin don tantance tasirinsa don rage zazzabi, a matsayin mai hana [[sauro]], da kuma hana zubar da ciki da wuri ba a kammala shi ba.<ref name="drugs"/><ref name="nih"/> Ya kasance ba a tabbatar da ko matakan sukari na jini suna raguwa ta hanyar cloves ko man clove ba.<ref name="nih" /> Ana iya amfani da man mai mahimmanci a cikin Aromatherapy.<ref name="drugs" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Austronesian_maritime_trade_network_in_the_Indian_Ocean.png|thumb|Cibiyar cinikin teku ta Australiya ta tarihi da tarihi a [[Tekun Indiya]] ]] Har zuwa zamanin mulkin mallaka, cloves kawai sun girma a kan wasu tsibirai a cikin Moluccas (a tarihi ana kiransu Spice Islands), gami da Bacan, Makian, Moti, Ternate, da Tidore. Mutanen Austronesian ne suka fara siyar da cloves a cikin hanyar cinikin teku ta Austronesian (wanda ya fara a kusa da 1500 BC, daga baya ya zama Hanyar Silk ta Maritime kuma wani ɓangare na Kasuwancin Spice). Misali na farko na aikin gona na zamani ya bunkasa a gabashin [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], kuma ana noma shi a hanyoyi uku daban-daban, monoculture, wuraren shakatawa na noma, da tsarin [[agroforestry]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arimalala |first=Natacha |last2=Penot |first2=Eric |last3=Michels |first3=Thierry |last4=Rakotoarimanana |first4=Vonjison |last5=Michel |first5=Isabelle |last6=Ravaomanalina |first6=Harisoa |last7=Roger |first7=Edmond |last8=Jahiel |first8=Michel |last9=Leong Pock Tsy |first9=Jean-Michel |last10=Danthu |first10=Pascal |date=August 2019 |title=Clove based cropping systems on the east coast of Madagascar: how history leaves its mark on the landscape |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10457-018-0268-9 |journal=Agroforestry Systems |language=en |volume=93 |issue=4 |pages=1577–1592 |bibcode=2019AgrSy..93.1577A |doi=10.1007/s10457-018-0268-9 |issn=0167-4366 |s2cid=49583653 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>&nbsp;{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2024}} Masanin binciken kayan tarihi Giorgio Buccellati ya sami cloves a [[Terqa]], Siriya, a cikin gidan da aka ƙone wanda aka rubuta a 1720 BC a lokacin mulkin Khana. Wannan ita ce shaidar farko da aka yi amfani da cloves a yamma kafin zamanin [[Rum|Roma]]. An fara bayar da rahoton binciken ne a shekarar 1978. Sun isa Roma a ƙarni na farko AD. <ref name="Mahdi">{{Cite book|edition=Matthew}}</ref><ref name="Ardika">{{Cite book|edition=Titi Surti}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cloves |url=https://iwp.uiowa.edu/silkroutes/cloves |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614120142/https://iwp.uiowa.edu/silkroutes/cloves |archive-date=14 June 2023 |access-date=24 January 2022 |website=Silk Routes |publisher=The University of Iowa}}</ref>&nbsp; Sauran binciken archaeological na cloves sun hada da: A shafin Batujaya an sami clove guda ɗaya a cikin wani ruwa mai ruwa wanda ya kasance tsakanin 100s BC zuwa 200s BC wanda ya dace da Al'adun Buni na wannan shafin. Wani binciken da aka yi a shafin Óc Eo a cikin Mekong Delta na Vietnam ya sami hatsi na cloves a kan kayan aikin dutse da aka yi amfani da su wajen sarrafa abinci. An mallaki wannan shafin daga ƙarni na farko zuwa na takwas BC, kuma cibiyar kasuwanci ce ga Masarautar Funnan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Weiwei |last2=Nguyen |first2=Khanh Trung Kien |last3=Zhao |first3=Chunguang |last4=Hung |first4=Hsiao-chun |date=2023-07-21 |title=Earliest curry in Southeast Asia and the global spice trade 2000 years ago |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=9 |issue=29 |pages=eadh5517 |bibcode=2023SciA....9H5517W |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adh5517 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=10361603 |pmid=37478176}}</ref> An gano ƙuƙwalwa biyu a lokacin binciken archaeological a birnin [[Sri Lanka]] na Mantai wanda aka rubuta a kusa da 900-1100 AD.<ref name="Kingwell-Banham">{{Cite web |last=Kingwell-Banham |first=Eleanor |date=15 January 2019 |title=World's oldest clove? Here's what our find in Sri Lanka says about the early spice trade |url=http://theconversation.com/worlds-oldest-clove-heres-what-our-find-in-sri-lanka-says-about-the-early-spice-trade-109686 |website=The Conversation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kingwell-Banham |first=Eleanor |last2=Bohingamuwa |first2=Wijerathne |last3=Perera |first3=Nimal |last4=Adikari |first4=Gamini |last5=Crowther |first5=Alison |last6=Fuller |first6=Dorian Q |last7=Boivin |first7=Nicole |date=December 2018 |title=Spice and rice: pepper, cloves and everyday cereal foods at the ancient port of Mantai, Sri Lanka |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003598X18001680/type/journal_article |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=92 |issue=366 |pages=1552–1570 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2018.168 |issn=0003-598X}}</ref> An ambaci cloves a cikin ''Ramayana'' . An kuma ambaci cloves a cikin ''Charaka Samhita''. Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na farko na shaidar wallafe-wallafen cloves a kasar Sin ya fito ne daga littafin ''Han Guan Yi'' (Etiquettes of the Officialdom of the Han Dynasty, wanda ya kasance a kusa da 200 BC). Littafin ya bayyana dokar cewa ministoci ya kamata su sha cloves don su da numfashi kafin su yi magana da sarki. Daga rubuce-rubucen Sinanci a lokacin Daular Song (960 zuwa 1279 AD) an shigo da cloves da farko ta kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, waɗanda ake kira Ofisoshin Jirgin Ruwa, waɗanda suka sayi kayayyaki daga matsakaici a cikin siyasar Austronesian na [[Java]], Srivijaya, Champa, da Butuan. A lokacin Daular Yuan (1271 zuwa 1368 AD) 'yan kasuwa na kasar Sin sun fara aika jiragen ruwa kai tsaye zuwa Moluccas don kasuwanci don cloves, da sauran kayan yaji. <ref name=":3"/><ref name="Ptak">{{Cite journal |last=Ptak |first=Roderich |date=January 1993 |title=China and the Trade in Cloves, Circa 960–1435 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=113 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.2307/604192 |jstor=604192}}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2024|reason=The book referenced here is only mentioned in "Earliest curry in Southeast Asia and the global spice trade 2000 years ago" In this article the citation "R. S. Bown, Merchant Kings: When Companies Ruled the World, 1600–1900 (St. Martin’s Press, 2010)" is given as the source. I would like to track down the original book and cite that.}} ''Liber Pontificalis'' ya rubuta kyautar da Passinopolis ya yi a ƙarƙashin Paparoma Sylvester I. Wannan kyautar ta haɗa da dukiyar Masar, kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara, 150 libra (kimanin 50 kg ko 108 lb) na cloves, da sauran adadin kayan yaji da papyrus. Cosmas Indicopleustis a cikin littafinsa Topographia Christiana ya tsara tafiye-tafiyensa zuwa Sri Lanka, kuma ya ba da labarin cewa Indiyawa sun ce cloves, da sauran kayayyaki, sun zo ne daga wuraren da ba a bayyana su ba tare da hanyoyin kasuwanci na teku. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2024|reason=I would like to cite the Topographia Christiana}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="I would like to cite the Topographia Christiana (July 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Har ila yau, ƙuƙwalwa sun kasance a cikin rubuce-rubuce a [[Sin|China]], [[Sri Lanka]], Kudancin Indiya, [[Iran|Farisa]], da [[Oman]] a kusan ƙarni na uku zuwa ƙarni na biyu BC.<ref name="Mahdi"/><ref name="Ardika"/><ref name=":0"/> Wadannan ambaton "ƙuƙwalwa" da aka ruwaito a China, Kudancin Asiya, da Gabas ta Tsakiya sun fito ne daga kafin kafa kasuwancin teku na kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Amma duk waɗannan kuskuren ganewa ne waɗanda ke nufin wasu tsire-tsire (kamar cassia buds, cinnamon, ko Nutmeg); ko kuma shigo da su ne daga Maritime Southeast Asia da aka gano a matsayin waɗanda aka samar da su a cikin waɗannan yankuna.<ref name="Ptak"/> Masu binciken ilimin kimiyya sun dawo da misalin farko da aka sani na cloves na macro-botanical a arewa maso yammacin Turai daga fashewar jirgin ruwa na Danish-Norwegian, Gribshunden . Jirgin ya nutse a kusa da Ronneby, Sweden a watan Yunin 1495 yayin da Sarki Hans ke tafiya zuwa taron siyasa a Kalmar, Sweden. Abubuwan alatu masu ban sha'awa ciki har da cloves, ginger, peppercorns, da saffron za su burge manyan mutane da manyan jami'an coci a taron.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Larsson |first=Mikael |last2=Foley |first2=Brendan |date=2023-01-26 |title=The king's spice cabinet–Plant remains from Gribshunden, a 15th century royal shipwreck in the Baltic Sea |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=e0281010 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1881010L |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0281010 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=9879437 |pmid=36701280 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An rubuta ƙuƙwalwa a cikin ayyukan binnewa na Turawa daga ƙarshen tsakiyar zamanai zuwa farkon zamani. A lokacin gyare-gyare a kan Grote Kerk na Breda an sake gano kabarin da aka yi amfani da shi tsakanin 1475 da 1526 AD ta mambobi takwas na gidan Nassau. Dole ne a motsa waɗannan kaburbura, amma kafin a sake binne waɗannan kaburbura an yi nazarin su don ragowar botanical. Kabarin [[:de:Cimburga_von_Baden|Cimberga van Baden]] ya ƙunshi pollen daga cloves. Likitan Dutch Pieter Van Foreest ya rubuta girke-girke da yawa don embalming wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da cloves. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan girke-girke da ya rubuta shi ne wanda abokan aikinsa likitoci Spierinck da Goethals suka yi amfani da shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vermeeren |first=Caroline |last2=van Haaster |first2=Henk |date=June 2002 |title=The embalming of the ancestors of the Dutch royal family |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s003340200013 |journal=Vegetation History and Archaeobotany |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1–2 |pages=121–126 |bibcode=2002VegHA..11..121V |doi=10.1007/s003340200013 |issn=0939-6314 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wani kwalba da ke da alaƙa da Vittoria della Rovere kuma yana dauke da pollen. Wannan mai yiwuwa ya fito ne daga cinyewar man clove a matsayin magani a kwanakin karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schrage |first=Scott |title=In case you missed it: Study reveals deathbed detail of 17th-century duchess |url=https://newsroom.unl.edu/announce/snr/8481/49117 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009002521/https://newsroom.unl.edu/announce/snr/8481/49117 |archive-date=9 October 2021 |access-date=26 July 2024 |website=University of Nebraska Lincoln Newsroom}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wei-Haas |first=Maya |date=21 September 2018 |title=Noble's Embalming Jar Reveals Traces of 17th-Century Medicine |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/news-medici-family-embalming-jars-mummy-medicine |access-date=26 July 2024 |website=National Geographic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reinhard |first=Karl |last2=Lynch |first2=Kelsey B. |last3=Larsen |first3=Annie |last4=Adams |first4=Braymond |last5=Higley |first5=Leon |last6=do Amaral |first6=Marina Milanello |last7=Russ |first7=Julia |last8=Zhou |first8=You |last9=Lippi |first9=Donatella |last10=Morrow |first10=Johnica J. |last11=Piombino-Mascali |first11=Dario |date=October 2018 |title=Pollen evidence of medicine from an embalming jar associated with Vittoria della Rovere, Florence, Italy |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352409X18301603 |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports |language=en |volume=21 |pages=238–242 |bibcode=2018JArSR..21..238R |doi=10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.06.039 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙaura da jana'iza daga cocin Saint Germain a Flowers, Faransa an kuma yi nazarin su don ragowar botanical. Jikin da akwatin gawa na Philippe René de la Motte Ango, mai suna Flers wanda aka binne a 1737 AD ya ƙunshi dukkan cloves.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Corbineau |first=Rémi |last2=Ruas |first2=Marie-Pierre |last3=Barbier-Pain |first3=Delphine |last4=Fornaciari |first4=Gino |last5=Dupont |first5=Hélène |last6=Colleter |first6=Rozenn |date=January 2018 |title=Plants and aromatics for embalming in Late Middle Ages and modern period: a synthesis of written sources and archaeobotanical data (France, Italy) |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00334-017-0620-4 |journal=Vegetation History and Archaeobotany |language=en |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=151–164 |bibcode=2018VegHA..27..151C |doi=10.1007/s00334-017-0620-4 |issn=0939-6314}}</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka, ana sayar da cloves kamar mai, tare da iyaka a kan fitarwa.<ref name="BBC" /> Yayinda Kamfanin Dutch East India ya karfafa iko da cinikin kayan yaji a karni na 17, sun nemi samun iko a cikin cloves kamar yadda suke da shi a cikin nutmeg. Koyaya, "ba kamar nutmeg da mace ba, waɗanda aka iyakance su ga minti Bandas, itatuwan clove sun girma a duk faɗin Moluccas, kuma cinikin cloves ya wuce iyakantaccen ikon 'yan sanda na kamfanin". Ɗaya daga cikin itatuwan clove mai suna ''Afo'' wanda masana suka yi imanin cewa shine mafi tsufa a duniya a kan Ternate na iya zama shekaru 350-400. An gaya wa masu yawon bude ido cewa wani Faransanci mai suna Pierre Poivre ya sace shuke-shuke daga wannan itacen a cikin 1770, ya tura shi zuwa Isle de France ([[Moris|Mauritius]]), sannan daga baya zuwa [[Zanzibar]], wanda ya kasance mafi girma a duniya mai samar da cloves.<ref name="BBC" /> Shugabannin yanzu a cikin samar da clove sune [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Sri Lanka]], da [[Komoros|Comoros]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Pratama |first=Adnan Putra |last2=Darwanto |first2=Dwidjono Hadi |last3=Masyhuri |first3=Masyhuri |date=2020-02-01 |title=Indonesian Clove Competitiveness and Competitor Countries in International Market |url=https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/edaj/article/view/38075 |journal=Economics Development Analysis Journal |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=39–54 |doi=10.15294/edaj.v9i1.38075 |issn=2252-6560 |s2cid=219679994 |doi-access=free |access-date=2025-08-31 |archive-date=2024-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519055858/https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/edaj/article/view/38075 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Indonesia ita ce mafi girma mai samar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, amma kusan kashi 10-15% ne kawai ake fitar da ƙwayoyi, kuma a wasu lokuta dole ne a cika raguwar cikin gida da shigo da su daga Madagascar.<ref name=":1" /> Lardin Maluku na zamani ya kasance mafi girman tushen cloves a Indonesia tare da kusan 15% na samar da ƙasa, kodayake larduna da suka hada da tsibirin [[Sulawesi]] sun samar da sama da 40% gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OUTLOOK KOMODITAS PERKEBUNAN PUSAT DATA DAN SISTEM INFORMASI PERTANIAN SEKRETARIAT JENDERAL - KEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN TAHUN 2022 CENGKEH |url=https://satudata.pertanian.go.id/assets/docs/publikasi/OUTLOOK_CENGKEH_2022.pdf |access-date=15 October 2024 |publisher=[[Ministry of Agriculture (Indonesia)|Ministry of Agriculture]] |language=id}}</ref> == Kayan shafawa == [[Fayil:Eugenol_acsv.svg|right|thumb|Maganin eugenol yana da alhakin mafi yawan ƙanshin ƙanshin cloves.]] Eugenol ya ƙunshi 72-90% na man fetur mai mahimmanci da aka cire daga cloves, kuma shine fili mafi alhakin ƙanshin clove.<ref name="eugenol"/><ref name="pubchem">{{Cite web |date=2 November 2019 |title=Eugenol |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3314 |access-date=10 November 2019 |publisher=PubChem, US National Library of Medicine}}</ref> Cikakken cirewa yana faruwa a minti 80 a cikin ruwa mai matsin lamba a {{Convert|125|C}} ° C (257 ° F). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rovio, S. |last2=Hartonen, K. |last3=Holm, Y. |last4=Hiltunen, R. |last5=Riekkola, M.-L. |date=7 February 2000 |title=Extraction of clove using pressurized hot water |journal=Flavour and Fragrance Journal |volume=14 |issue=6 |pages=399–404 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199911/12)14:6<399::AID-FFJ851>3.0.CO;2-A}}</ref> Hanyoyin cirewa da taimakon ultrasound da microwave suna samar da karin saurin cirewa tare da ƙananan farashin makamashi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khalil, A.A. |last2=ur Rahman, U. |last3=Khan, M.R. |last4=Sahar, A. |last5=Mehmood, T. |last6=Khan, M. |date=2017 |title=Essential oil eugenol: sources, extraction techniques and nutraceutical perspectives |journal=RSC Advances |volume=7 |issue=52 |pages=32669–32681 |bibcode=2017RSCAd...732669K |doi=10.1039/C7RA04803C |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sauran phytochemicals na man clove sun hada da acetyl eugenol, beta-caryophyllene, vanillin, crategolic acid, tannins, kamar bicornin, gallotannic acid, methyl salicylate, flavonoids eugenin, kaempferol, rhamnetin, da eugenitin, triterpenoids kamar oleanolic acid, Stigmasterol, da campesterol da sesquiterpenes da yawa.<ref name="eugenol"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Li-Ming Bao, Eerdunbayaer |last2=Nozaki, Akiko |last3=Takahashi, Eizo |last4=Okamoto, Keinosuke |last5=Ito, Hideyuki |last6=Hatano, Tsutomu |year=2012 |title=Hydrolysable tannins isolated from ''Syzygium aromaticum'': Structure of a new c-glucosidic ellagitannin and spectral features of tannins with a tergalloyl group |journal=Heterocycles |volume=85 |issue=2 |pages=365–381 |doi=10.3987/COM-11-12392 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="drugs"/> Kodayake ba a rarraba eugenol ba saboda yiwuwar guba, an nuna cewa yana da guba don gwada kwayoyin a cikin maida hankali na 50, 75, da 100 MG a kowace lita. <ref name="pubchem"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gueretz |first=Juliano Santos |last2=Somensi |first2=Cleder Alexandre |last3=Martins |first3=Maurício Laterça |last4=Souza |first4=Antonio Pereira de |date=2017-12-07 |title=Evaluation of eugenol toxicity in bioassays with test-organisms |journal=Ciência Rural |volume=47 |issue=12 |doi=10.1590/0103-8478cr20170194 |issn=1678-4596 |doi-access=free}}</ref>&nbsp; == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == == Dubi kuma == * Kasuwancin kayan yaji * ''Cinnamomum cassia'' * Tsire-tsire da dabbobi na gida na Austronesia * Gallic acid * Kayan kashe kwari * Shuka mai magani == Manzarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dhfbz5ffnm3ckacjqb39rupzzt9x6sw 0 117544 827740 786653 2026-04-29T15:05:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joe Ghartey''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Yunin shekarar 1961, a Accra babban birnin dake Ghana) lauya ne [[Ghana|Dan Ghana]], [[ɗan siyasa]] kuma memba na New Patriotic Party (NPP). Ya kasance tsohon Babban Lauyan [[Ghana]] (2006-2009), Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar na biyu daga shekarar (2013-2017) da Ministan Ci gaban Railways (2017-2021).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allotey |first=Godwin Akweiteh |date=2017-01-11 |title=Atta Akyea, Joe Ghartey named in ministerial list |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/01/11/atta-kyea-joe-ghartey-makes-it-unto-nana-addos-ministerial-list/ |access-date=2017-01-12 |website=Ghana News |archive-date=2018-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526095845/http://citifmonline.com/2017/01/11/atta-kyea-joe-ghartey-makes-it-unto-nana-addos-ministerial-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Railways Development – Ghana – ghana is transforming its rail sector joe ghartey at international rail equipment exhibition 2019 new delhi india |url=http://www.mrd.gov.gh/4/16/104/ghana-is-transforming-its-rail-sector-joe-ghartey-at-international-rail-equipment-exhibition-2019-new-delhi-india |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=Ministry of railways development}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-15 |title=Rail transport will reduce road tragedies – Joe Ghartey |url=https://myjoyonline.com/news/national/rail-transport-will-reduce-road-tragedies-joe-ghartey/ |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=MyJoyOnline. |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-07 |title=Govt is committed to revamping railway system – Joe Ghartey |url=https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/govt-is-committed-to-revamping-railway-system-joe-ghartey/ |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=Ghanaian Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Ports & Harbours Authority |url=https://www.ghanaports.gov.gh/Media/news-details/1125/NRQ1G2CV/RAILWAYS-MINISTRY-TO-ORDER-ABOUT-35-TRAINS-TO-GHANA-IN-JUNE- |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003030827/https://www.ghanaports.gov.gh/Media/news-details/1125/NRQ1G2CV/RAILWAYS-MINISTRY-TO-ORDER-ABOUT-35-TRAINS-TO-GHANA-IN-JUNE- |archive-date=3 October 2021 |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=Ghana ports}}</ref> Joe Ghartey ya fito ne daga [[Shama, Ghana|Shama]] a Yankin Yamma.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=116 |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=Parliament Of Ghana |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120233610/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=116 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Joe Ghartey a [[Accra]], [[Ghana]], ga malami, Lauraine Ghartey (née Daniels), da kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati, Joseph Ghartey, a ranar 15 ga Yunin shekarar 1961. Ya fara karatunsa na farko a Makarantar Ikilisiyar Ridge a Accra sannan daga baya ya koma makarantar kwana ta sakandare, Makarantar Mfantsipim, a Cape Coast. Bayan Mfantsipim, Ghartey ya shiga karatun shari'a kuma ya sami digiri na LLB (Hons) a 1986 daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]], da BL daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana a 1988. A cikin wannan shekarar an kira shi zuwa mashaya.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs – MP Details – Ghartey, Joe |url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2605 |access-date=2020-08-03 |website=Ghana MPs}}</ref> == Ayyukan shari'a da ilimi == Ghartey ya fara aikinsa na kasa a matsayin Jami'in Shari'a a Majalisar Gundumar Komenda Eguafo Abirem a Yankin Tsakiya na Jamhuriyar Ghana . Ya kuma dauki aiki a matsayin Mataimakin a Chambers of Lawyer Gwira a Sekondi . Daga baya, zai shiga kamfanin Akufo-Addo, Prempeh & Co., babban kamfanin lauya a Ghana, wanda abokin aikinsa na gaba da Ministan majalisar ministoci a gwamnatin [[John Kufuor]], Nana Akufo- Addo ya kafa. Ghartey ya bar wannan kamfani bayan shekaru bakwai kuma a cikin 1994 ya kafa kamfanin lauya, Ghartey & Ghartey tare da matarsa [[Efua Ghartey]], wanda shi ma lauya ne. Shi ne babban abokin tarayya na kamfanin lauya na Labone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joe Ghartey, Biography |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Joe-Ghartey-2464 |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> Ghartey ya ba da sabis na shari'a ga ƙungiyoyin kamfanoni da yawa da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru, a cikin ƙasa da ƙasa, daga fagen Haraji har zuwa Dokar aiki, [[Dokar muhalli|Muhalli]] da Dokar Kamfanin. Ya goyi bayan abubuwan kare hakkin dan adam a Ghana. A matsayinta na co-kafa Kwamitin Ghana kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a, Ghartey ya ba da ilimi kan' Yancin Dan Adam, 'Yancin Bil'adama da Hakki ga kungiyoyin' yan ƙasa daban-daban. An ba kwamitin matsayin mai lura a [[Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a ta Afirka|Hukumar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a]]. Ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Inter African Network of Human Rights Organizations da ke [[Zambiya|Zambia]]. Ghartey ya kasance mataimakin malami na Dokar Zuba Jari a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . Ya kasance malami a cikin Gudanar da Kamfanoni da Executive MBA a [[Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana]] (GIMPA). Ya kasance malami a Ghana Stock Exchange . A shekara ta 2004, ya rubuta Doing Business and Investing in Ghana - Legal and Institutional Framework . Ya kuma koyar da Dokar Kamfanin a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana da Jami'ar Mountcrest a Accra. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] at7mqjnruevbh38x9jqargaadizg7q1 0 118182 827957 723874 2026-04-30T11:09:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Reflist}} '''Kountze''' (/kuːnts/ koonts) birni ne a cikin kuma kujerar gundumar Hardin County, Texas, Amurka . <ref name="GR6">{{Cite web |title=Find a County |url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 |access-date=2011-06-07 |publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> Yawan jama'a ya kai 1,981 a ƙidayar jama'a ta 2020.<ref name="Census 2010">{{Cite web |title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Kountze city, Texas |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4839868 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213051633/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4839868 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |website=American Factfinder |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> Birnin yana daga cikin yankin Beaumont-Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area . An kafa Kountze a matsayin garin layin dogo a 1881. An sanya sunan birnin don Herman da Augustus Kountze, masu tallafawa kudi na Sabine da Gabashin Texas Railroad.  Wurin zama na gundumar Hardin, Kountze yana alfahari da yanki fiye da 89% gandun daji mai lush.  Yankin yanki yana samar da katako sama da miliyan 3.5 (8,300 m3) na katako a shekara Kountze ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "The Gateway to the Big Thicket". Ginin babban yanki ne mai rikitarwa, sau da yawa ba za a iya shiga cikin dazuzzuka, rafi, da marshes wanda ke mamaye kewayon kilomita 50 (kilomita 80) na kudu maso gabashin Texas, kimanin kilomita 25 (40 arewacin Beaumont. An samo asalin masana'antar mai ta Amurka a yankin. Yanzu ana kare wasu sassan daji a matsayin Babban Tsaro na Kasa. A shekara ta 1991, Kountze ya zama birni na farko na Amurka tare da magajin gari [[Musulmi]], Ba'amurke mai suna Charles Bilal . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hasan |first=Asma Gull |date=June 12, 2002 |title=American Muslims: The New Generation Second Edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ncTEcoynNr0C&dq=%22kountze,+texas%22+mayor&pg=PA159 |publisher=A&C Black |via=Google Books}}</ref> == Wuraren sha'awa == '''Gidan Kirby-Hill''': Wannan tsohuwar gida an gina shi ne a shekarar '''1902''' ta '''James L. Kirby''', ɗan’uwan sanannen attajirin itace kuma mai taimakon jama’a '''John Henry Kirby'''. ’Yar James, wato '''Lucy Kirby Hill''', ta sayi gidan daga mahaifinta a shekarar '''1907'''. Wannan shi ne '''gida na farko a Hardin County''' da aka saka cikin '''Rajistar Ƙasa ta Gidajen Tarihi (National Register of Historic Place''' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kirby-Hill House |url=http://www.kirbyhillhouse.com |access-date=February 2, 2018 |publisher=Kirby-Hill House Educational Foundation, Inc.}}</ref> Babban Majalisa ce ta kafa Babban Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Kasa a shekara ta 1974. Wannan haɗuwa da budurwa pine da gandun daji na cypress, gandun daji mai wuya, ciyawa, da kuma ruwan baƙar fata ana sarrafa su ta hanyar National Park Service. An kafa wurin adanawa don kare ragowar bambancin halittu masu rikitarwa. == Yanayin ƙasa == Kountze yana dan arewa maso gabas na tsakiyar gundumar Hardin, arewacin Cypress Creek, wani yanki mai gudana na gabas na Village Creek da wani yanki na kogin Neches.  Hanyar Amurka 287 (Titin Pine) ita ce babbar babbar hanya ta cikin birni, wacce ke jagorantar arewa mil 31 (kilomita 50) zuwa Woodville da kudu mil 25 (kilomita 40) zuwa Beaumont.  Hanyar Jihar Texas 326 (W. Monroe Street) tana kaiwa kudu maso yamma daga Kountze mil 18 (kilomita 29) zuwa tafkin Sour. A cewar , birnin Kountze yana da jimlar yanki na murabba'in kilomita 4.0 (10.3 ), wanda 0.01 murabba'i kilomita (0.0 km2), ko 0.20%, ruwa ne.<ref name="Census 2010"/> === Yanayi === Yanayin yanayi a wannan yanki yana da zafi, lokacin rani mai zafi da kuma sanyi zuwa sanyi. Dangane da tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, Kountze yana da yanayi mai zafi, ''Cfa'' akan taswirar yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kountze, Texas Koppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase) |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=878414&cityname=Kountze,+Texas,+United+States+of+America&units= |website=Weatherbase.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Yawan jama'a == {{Notelist}} {| class="wikitable" |+'''Kountze launin fata har zuwa 2020''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4839868&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=Data.census.gov}}</ref> (NH = Ba na Hispanic ba) {{Efn|Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Hispanic Population and its Origin |url=https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html |website=Census.gov |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>}}<br /> !Tseren !Adadin !Kashi |- |Fararen fata |1,327 |66.99% |- |[[Afirkawan Amurka|Baƙar fata ko Baƙar fata]] na Amurka (NH) |443 |22.36% |- |'Yan asalin Amurka ko' 'Yan asalin Alaska (NH) |5 |0.25% |- |Asiya (NH) |19 |0.96% |- |Mutumin tsibirin Pacific (NH) |1 |0.05% |- |Wasu Sauran Tsaro (NH) |8 |0.4% |- |Haɗin kai / Ƙungiya da yawa (NH) |72 |3.63% |- |Hispanic ko Latino |106 |5.35% |- |'''Jimillar''' |'''1,981''' | |} Ya zuwa Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2020, akwai mutane 1,981 da gidaje 704, da iyalai 496 da ke zaune a cikin birni. Ya zuwa ƙidayar shekara ta 2010, Kountze tana da yawan mutane 2,123. Tsarin kabilanci da launin fata na yawan jama'a ya kasance 70.1% wanda ba White ba ne, 23.1% Ba'amurke Ba'amurkiya, 0.2% 'yan asalin Amurka, 0.3% Indiyawan Asiya, 0.4% Filipino, 0.1% wasu Asiya, 1.3% wasu kabilu, da 2.2% suna ba da rahoton kabilanci biyu ko fiye, gami da 5.0% Hispanic. Dangane da ƙidayar jama'a na 2000, mutane 2,115, gidaje 747, da iyalai 537 sun zauna a cikin birni.  Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mazauna 532.7 a kowace murabba'in mil (205.7/km2).  Matsakaicin rukunin gidaje 897 sun kai 225.9 a kowace murabba'in mil (87.2/km2).  Tsarin launin fata na birnin ya kasance 70.59% Fari, 26.43% Ba'amurke, 0.66% Ba'amurke, 0.43% Asiya, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.71% daga sauran jinsi, da 1.09% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye.  Mutanen Hispanic ko Latinos na kowace kabila sun kasance 2.84% na yawan jama'a. Daga cikin gidaje 747, kashi 36.3% suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 50.9% ma'aurata ne da ke zaune mmogo, kashi 15.9% suna da mace mai gida ba tare da miji ba, kuma kashi 28.0% ba iyalai ba ne; kashi 25.8% na dukkan gidaje sun kunshi mutane, kuma kashi 11.1% suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 2.67 kuma matsakaicin girman iyalin ya kasance 3.20. A cikin birni, an rarraba yawan jama'a a matsayin 29.1% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 8.9% daga 18 zuwa 24, 28.6% daga 25 zuwa 44, 20.7% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 12.7% waɗanda suka kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 34. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 96.2. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 da sama da haka, akwai maza 91.7. Matsakaicin kudin shiga na gida a cikin garin shi ne dala '''$28,352''', kuma na iyali shi ne '''$34,318'''. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na '''$30,656''', yayin da mata ke da '''$22,083'''. Kudin shiga na mutum ɗaya (per capita income) a cikin garin shi ne '''$13,522'''. Kimanin '''19.0%''' na iyalai da '''21.0%''' na jama’ar garin suna ƙarƙashin layin talauci, ciki har da '''29.8%''' na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekara 18 da kuma '''24.9%''' na waɗanda shekarunsu suka haura 65. == Ilimi == Gundumar Kountze Independent School District ce ke ba da sabis ga birnin. Kungiyar kwallon kwando ta Kountze Lions ta lashe lambobin yabo a 1970, 2004, 2005, 2007, da 2025 a duka 2A da 3A na matsayi na UIL. Kungiyar kwallon kwando ta Kountze Lionette ta kuma buga wasanni hudu a Cibiyar Frank Erwin a Jami'ar Texas a Austin. Kungiyar volleyball ta Kountze ta kuma kawo gida lambobin zakarun jihohi da yawa, da kuma ci gaba zuwa karshe sau hudu da yawa. == Shahararrun mutane == * Grayland Arnold, Tsaro na kyauta ga Houston Texans'Yan kasar Houston * Geater Davis, mawaƙin rai == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Bayani == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> pstufcuaxg17u80pxf770ghlnpd7shb 0 119625 827927 729823 2026-04-30T08:25:26Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 827927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} "Objection (tango) " waƙa ce ta mawaƙan Colombia [[Shakira]] don kundi na biyar na studio da kundi na farko na harshen Ingilishi Laundry Service (2001). Ita ce waƙar farko da Shakira ta rubuta a Turanci bayan mawaƙan Amurka Gloria Estefan ta ƙarfafa ta don yin rikodin kayan cikin yaren. "Objection (Tango) " ta hanyar kiɗa ta haɗu da abubuwa na pop rock da tango, kuma ta ƙunshi kayan aiki daga ''bandoneon'' da guitar. Ta hanyar kalmomin waƙar, Shakira tana da niyyar kawo ƙarshen triangle na soyayya da take cikinta. An saki waƙar a matsayin na huɗu daga cikin kundin a ranar 24 ga Mayu shekarar 2002. Wani nau'in Mutanen Espanya na waƙar, mai taken "Te Aviso, Te Anuncio (Tango) " ("Ina gargadi ka, ina gaya ka"), an kuma rubuta shi. Bayan da aka saki shi, "Objection (Tango) " ya sami ra'ayoyi mutane masu kyau daga Masu sukar kiɗa, wasu daga cikinsu sun sami kama da aikin sabon rukunin Amurka na B-52. Kasuwanci, "Objection (Tango) " ya kasance mai nasara kuma ya kai kololuwa a cikin manyan goma na sigogi na kasashe daban-daban kamar [[Asturaliya|Australia]], Belgium, Italiya, [[Holand|Netherlands]] da Faransa. Waƙar ta zama ta ƙarshe daga kundin zuwa ginshiƙi a Ƙasar Ingila kuma a kan jadawalin [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Billboard_Hot_100" id="mwJg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Billboard Hot 100">''Billboard'' Hot 100] a Amurka, ta kai lambobi 17 da 55, bi da bi. "Te Aviso, Te Anuncio (Tango) " an tsara shi a cikin manyan goma na US Billboard Latin Pop Airplay da Latin Tropical / Salsa Airplay charts. "Objection (Tango) " an tabbatar da platinum da zinariya a Ostiraliya da Faransa ta Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) da Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP), bi da bi. Wani bidiyon kiɗa na "Objection (Tango) " Dave Meyers ne ya ba da umarni kuma ya nuna Shakira yana yaƙi da ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunatacciya da uwargidansa a cikin kulob. An fassara wani ɓangare na bidiyon a cikin zane-zane mai motsi. Don ƙarin gabatarwa, Shakira ta yi waƙar Afro-punk da Reggae da aka yi wahayi zuwa ga waƙar a 2002 MTV Video Music Awards . An kuma haɗa shi a cikin jerin abubuwan da suka faru na Tour of the Mongoose (2002-2003), wanda aka ƙaddamar don inganta Sabis na Laundry, da Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran World Tour (2025). An kuma yi amfani da "Objection (Tango) " a cikin tallan [[Pepsi]] wanda ke nuna Shakira. == .<ref name="elespectador2">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2001 |title=Shakira en 'Servicio de Lavandería' |url=http://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/2001/12/8/ESCENARIOS/escen3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019101327/http://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/2001/12/8/ESCENARIOS/escen3.html |archive-date=19 October 2013 |access-date=10 November 2013 |website=[[El Diario de Hoy]] |publisher=Editorial Altamirano Madriz, S.A |language=es}}</ref>''[[Billboard|Billb]]'' . <ref name="dondereviewallmusic2">{{Cite web |last=Henderson |first=Alex |title=Dónde Están los Ladrones? - Shakira |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/d%C3%B3nde-est%C3%A1n-los-ladrones-mw0000045951 |access-date=10 November 2013 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]. [[Rovi Corporation]]}}</ref><ref name="shakibioallmusic2">{{Cite web |last=Heuy |first=Steve |title=Shakira - Biography |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/shakira-mn0000790797/biography |access-date=10 November 2013 |publisher=AllMusic. Rovi Corporation}}</ref><ref name="dondeuscert2">{{Cite web |title=Gold & Platinum Searchable Database |url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Donde+Estan+los+Ladrones%22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924132229/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Donde+Estan+los+Ladrones%22 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=10 November 2013 |publisher=[[RIAA]]}}</ref><ref name="shakibioallmusic2" /> == Ojection (Tango) " an sake shi a matsayin na uku daga Laundry Service a cikin tsarin CD guda ɗaya a ranar 6 ga Yuli 2002. Daga baya aka sake shi a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta a matsayin CD guda wanda ke nuna waƙar da ta gabata daga kundin "A ƙarƙashin tufafinka" a matsayin B-gefe.<ref name="releaseallmusic">{{Cite web |title=Objection (Tango) - Shakira |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/objection-tango-mw0000980540 |access-date=30 November 2013 |publisher=AllMusic. Rovi Corporation}}</ref> == Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci == Alex Henderson daga [./AllMu&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]sic" id="mw4Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="AllMusic">AllMusic ya zaɓi waƙar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa daga Laundry Service kuma ya yi sharhi cewa "[Shakira] ya sami nasarar haɗawa da pop / rock tare da [...] tango a kan 'Objection (Tango) '. <ref name="reviewallmusic">{{Cite web |last=Henderson |first=Alex |title=Laundry Service - Shakira |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/laundry-service-mw0000016418 |access-date=30 November 2013 |publisher=AllMusic. Rovi Corporation}}</ref> Chuck Taylor daga ''Billboard'' ya ba shi bita mai kyau, yana yabon isar da muryar Shakira, gadar magana, da sauti mai kyau, da rediyo-friendly, yana cewa "cikakken lokaci don raira tare da kwanakin bazara kuma yana ƙara man fetur ga sabon waƙar 'Liv' yan wasan kwaikwayo na Puerto R2 ya kunnawa wanda wannan mai suna "Shaker" (Shaker) Alexis Petridis daga ''[[The Guardian]]'' ya zaɓi "Objection (Tango) " a matsayin misali na salon samar da Shakira mai ban mamaki kuma ya yi imanin cewa "yana kama da jamming na B-52 tare da haɗin liyafar aure [sic]. " Matt Cibula daga ''PopMatters'' ya yaba da rubuce-rubucen waƙoƙin Shakira kuma ya kira waƙar "kyakkyawan dutse tare da wasan kwaikwayo da jin dadi". Mai sukar ya ji daɗin gadar waƙar, duk da haka Oliver ya ji kamar yadda farin ciki".<ref name="reviewguardian">{{Cite web |last=Petridis |first=Alexis |date=8 March 2002 |title=Thong songs |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2002/mar/08/popandrock.shopping |access-date=30 November 2013 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="reviewpopmatters">{{Cite web |last=Cibula |first=Matt |date=12 November 2001 |title=Shakira: Laundry Service |url=http://www.popmatters.com/review/shakira-laundry/ |access-date=30 November 2013 |publisher=[[PopMatters]]}}</ref><ref name="reviewyahoo">{{Cite web |last=Oliver |first=Lisa |date=12 March 2002 |title=Shakira - 'Laundry Service' |url=http://uk.launch.yahoo.com/l_reviews_a/24260.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718133846/http://uk.launch.yahoo.com/l_reviews_a/24260.html |archive-date=18 July 2011 |access-date=30 November 2013 |publisher=[[Yahoo! Music]]. [[Yahoo!]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] 1k4mtugch358h97wzjcssbmlmp581hm 0 122054 827803 781422 2026-04-29T18:51:56Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 827803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Faia Younan''' ( Arabic ; an haife shi 20 Yuni 1992) mawaƙiyar Siriya ce - Assuriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Faia wishes everyone a Happy Assyrian New Year |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BDqmAWnIzrN/?hl=en |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222155824/https://www.instagram.com/p/BDqmAWnIzrN/?hl=en |archive-date=2022-12-22 |access-date=2025-12-06 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>, wacce aka ɗauki mawaƙin farko na Gabas ta Tsakiya da ta taɓa samun kuɗin fito na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Faia Younan: Viral video singer becomes the first Middle Eastern artist to crowdfund her debut in the music industry |url=https://www.albawaba.com/mena_voices/faia-younan-viral-video-singer-becomes-first-middle-eastern-artist-crowdfund-her-debut- |website=www.albawaba.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Younan a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1992 ga dangin Kirista na Assuriya a garin Tell Tamer, Siriya, kuma ya girma a birnin Aleppo . [1] A lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha ɗaya ta koma Sweden tare da iyalinta kuma ta zauna a can har sai da ta koma Scotland a 2010 don karatun Kimiyya ta Jama'a; Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci a Jami'ar Glasgow.[2] Bayan kammala karatunta ta koma Sweden.[3] Younan ya kasance mai sa kai a cikin Red Cross na Sweden kuma ya raira waƙa a abubuwan da suka faru a cikin gida.[3] == Sana'a == Acikin watan Oktoban shekara ta 442014, wanda ya samu kwarin guiwar yanayin siyasa a kasarta ta Siriya da kuma kasashen Larabawa makwabta da ta bayyana a matsayin " lodi da rashin bege", Younan ta buga wani faifan bidiyo da ta kirkira tare da 'yar uwarta Rihan, mai taken "Zuwa kasashenmu". <ref name="Orient">{{Cite web |last=Aschkar |first=Diala |date=22 October 2016 |title=Interview with Faia Younan – A voice of the Levant |url=http://www.orientpalms.com/interview-faia-younan |website=Orient Palms}}</ref> Bidiyon, wanda ke magana akan gaskiyar siyasar Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma yana nuna fassarar Younan na waƙoƙi da yawa ta diva [[Fairuz]] na Lebanon, <ref name="Orient" /> ya shiga bidiyo akan YouTube kuma ya sami kulawa na musamman, yana ƙarfafa Younan ya ci gaba da neman sana'a a cikin kiɗa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Faia wishes everyone a Happy Assyrian New Year |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BDqmAWnIzrN/?hl=en |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222155824/https://www.instagram.com/p/BDqmAWnIzrN/?hl=en |archive-date=2022-12-22 |access-date=2025-12-06 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Nasarar bidiyon <ref>{{Cite web |title=Faia Younan: Viral video singer becomes the first Middle Eastern artist to crowdfund her debut in the music industry |url=https://www.albawaba.com/mena_voices/faia-younan-viral-video-singer-becomes-first-middle-eastern-artist-crowdfund-her-debut- |website=www.albawaba.com}}</ref> ta sami babban tasiri a kan shawararta game da juya waƙa daga sha'awa kawai zuwa sadaukarwa ta cikakken lokaci. Bayan nasarar kamfen ɗin taron jama'a, Younan ta saki waƙarta ta farko "Ohebbou Yadayka" (I Love Your Hands) tare da wasu 'yan wasa biyu. Yakin neman tallafin jama'a na "Ohebbou Yadayka" ya samu Younan, tare da hadin gwiwar manajanta Houssam Abdul Khalek, zuwa ga [[Guinness World Records]] a matsayin mai zane-zane na farko a Gabas ta Tsakiya da ta samu kudin shiga wakar ta na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Faia wishes everyone a Happy Assyrian New Year |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BDqmAWnIzrN/?hl=en |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222155824/https://www.instagram.com/p/BDqmAWnIzrN/?hl=en |archive-date=2022-12-22 |access-date=2025-12-06 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Wannan ya sa Younan ta zama mace ta farko da ta kasance mace mai fasaha daga Ƙasar Larabawa da ta shiga littafin Guinness World Records. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Faia Younan: Viral video singer becomes the first Middle Eastern artist to crowdfund her debut in the music industry |url=https://www.albawaba.com/mena_voices/faia-younan-viral-video-singer-becomes-first-middle-eastern-artist-crowdfund-her-debut- |website=www.albawaba.com}}</ref> A cikin 2017, ta fitar da kundi na farko, ''A Teku Tsakanin Mu'' . <ref name="Orient"/> An nuna ta a kan waƙar " Busted and Blue " (Faia Younan Special)" daga madaidaicin band Gorillaz 'wanda ke bayyana akan nau'ikan kundi guda biyu na ''Humanz'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Faia wishes everyone a Happy Assyrian New Year |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BDqmAWnIzrN/?hl=en |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222155824/https://www.instagram.com/p/BDqmAWnIzrN/?hl=en |archive-date=2022-12-22 |access-date=2025-12-06 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> . A cikin Maris 2019, Younan ta fara fitar da albam dinta na biyu ''Tales of the HEart'' a dijital. Kundin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi 8, waɗanda ake magana da su a matsayin tatsuniyoyi, tunda kowace waƙa ta bambanta da nau'in kiɗa da maudu'i. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Faia wishes everyone a Happy Assyrian New Year |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BDqmAWnIzrN/?hl=en |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222155824/https://www.instagram.com/p/BDqmAWnIzrN/?hl=en |archive-date=2022-12-22 |access-date=2025-12-06 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> == Hotuna == === Albums === {| class="wikitable" !Album ! Cikakkun bayanai |- | ''Teku Tsakanin Mu'' | * An saki: Maris 25, 2017 * Tsarin: Zazzagewar dijital; CD |- | ''Tatsuniyoyi na Zuciya'' | * An saki: Maris 7, 2019 * Tsarin: Zazzagewar dijital; CD |} === Marasa aure === {| class="wikitable" ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" |Shekara ! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | Take |- | 2015 | "Ohebbou Yadayka" |- | 2015 | "Nohebbou Al Bilad" <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Faia wishes everyone a Happy Assyrian New Year |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BDqmAWnIzrN/?hl=en |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222155824/https://www.instagram.com/p/BDqmAWnIzrN/?hl=en |archive-date=2022-12-22 |access-date=2025-12-06 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Faia Younan: Viral video singer becomes the first Middle Eastern artist to crowdfund her debut in the music industry |url=https://www.albawaba.com/mena_voices/faia-younan-viral-video-singer-becomes-first-middle-eastern-artist-crowdfund-her-debut- |website=www.albawaba.com}}</ref> |- | 2015 | "Nam Ya Habibi" |- | 2017 | "Shabbaik" |- | 2018 | "Hob Al Akwiyaa" |- | 2018 | "Baghdad" |- | 2021 | "Metel Elyom" |- | 2022 | "Kun Ashiqan" |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] d6e4sz5b4abibtncv67dw6jlz171dvv 0 123410 827916 748258 2026-04-30T07:51:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827916 wikitext text/x-wiki PC Sharon Beshenivsky (née Jagger; 14 Janairu 1967 - 18 Nuwamba 2005) [1] ta kasance <nowiki>''</nowiki>Yan sanda na Yammacin Yorkshire da aka harbe ta kuma ta kashe ta ƙungiyar masu aikata laifuka a lokacin fashi a Bradford a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 2005, ta zama mace ta bakwai a cikin Birtaniya da aka kashe a kan aiki. Abokin aikinta, PC Teresa Milburn, ta ji rauni sosai a wannan lamarin. Milburn ta shiga rundunar kasa da shekaru biyu da suka gabata; Beshenivsky ya yi aiki ne kawai watanni tara a matsayin dan sanda a cikin rundunar a lokacin mutuwarta, tun da yake ya kasance Jami'in tallafin al'umma a baya. Kamara na talabijin na rufewa sun bi motar da ke gaggauta daga wurin kuma sun yi amfani da tsarin gane lambobin atomatik don gano masu shi. Wannan ya haifar da kama mutane shida da ake zargi; daga baya aka yanke wa uku hukunci kan kisan kai, fashi, da laifin bindigogi; biyu na kisan kai. Wani wanda ake zargi, Piran Ditta Khan, an kama shi a [[Pakistan]] fiye da shekaru 14 bayan haka kuma an mika shi zuwa Ingila daga Pakistan a watan Afrilu na 2023. An same shi da laifin kisan kai, a Kotun Leeds Crown, a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024. A watan da ya biyo baya an yanke masa hukuncin rai da rai, tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru 40. == Tarihi == Beshenivsky ya kasance yana aiki a matsayin jami'in 'yan sanda na watanni tara. Ta kasance jami'in tallafin 'yan sanda a baya tare da' yan sanda na West Yorkshire . <ref>[http://www.findmypast.com/BirthsMarriagesDeaths.jsp Sharon Beshenivsky info] {{Webarchive}}, findmypast.co.uk; accessed 5 May 2014.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=http://sharon-beshenivsky.gonetoosoon.org |access-date=5 May 2014 |website=sharon-beshenivsky.gonetoosoon.org }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An sanya ta a matsayin mai gwaji a karkashin kulawar wani abokin aiki mai gogewa. == Kisan kai == A yammacin 18 ga Nuwamba 2005, Beshenivsky da Milburn sun amsa ga rahotanni cewa an kunna ƙararrawar hari a wani wakilin tafiye-tafiye a titin Morley a Bradford. Bayan isowar jami'an sun gamu da mutane uku wadanda suka sace wakilin £ 5,405; biyu suna dauke da bindiga, wani da wuka. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan bindigar ya harbe su nan da nan a bayyane, ya ji wa Beshenivsky rauni a kirji kuma ya bugi Milburn a kirji, kafin dukkan maza uku su tsere a cikin motar motoci. Beshenivsky ita ce mace ta bakwai da ta mutu a cikin aikin a Ingila da Wales kuma mace ta biyu da aka harbe ta; ta farko ita ce Yvonne Fletcher a London a shekarar 1984. Tana da 'ya'ya uku da' ya'ya biyu. Ta mutu a ranar haihuwar 'yarta ta hudu. An yi jana'izar Beshenivsky a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2006 a Cathedral na Bradford . == Kaddamarwa == A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 2005, 'yan sanda sun kira' yan uwan Somaliya Mustaf Jama, mai shekaru 25, da Yusuf Jama, mai shekara 19, da kuma Muzzaker Imtiaz Shah mai shekaru 24 'Yan Pakistan a matsayin Manyan wadanda ake zargi. An kama Yusuf Jama a [[Birmingham]] washegari kuma daga baya aka tuhume shi da kisan kai da fashi. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba, an kama Shah a Newport, South Wales; daga baya aka tuhume shi da kisan kai. Mustaf Jama ya gudu zuwa Somaliya amma an mika shi bayan shekaru biyu. Amfani da fasahar gane lambobin lambobi ta atomatik da aka shigar kwanan nan a tsakiyar birnin Bradford ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gano wadanda ake zargi kafin kama su. Fiye da shekaru 14 bayan laifin, a watan Janairun 2020, an kama wani wanda ake zargi a [[Islamabad]], Pakistan. An ba da rahoton cewa ana neman Piran Dhitta Khan, mai shekaru 71 a lokacin da aka kama shi, don ya jagoranci fashi. An ba da izinin 'yan sanda na Burtaniya a watan Afrilun 2023. === Tabbacin da aka yi === A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2006, an sami Yusuf Jama da laifin duk tuhumar da aka yi masa, gami da kisan Beshenivsky . An yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru 35. Ana sa ran wannan zai tsare Yusuf Jama a kurkuku har zuwa akalla 2040 da shekaru 60. {| class="wikitable" style="float: right;" !Wanda ake zargi !Tabbacin da aka yi !Hukuncin |- |Mustaf Jama |Kisan kai; fashi; bindigogi |Rayuwa tare da farashin shekaru 35 |- |Yusuf Jama |Kisan kai; fashi; bindigogi |Rayuwa tare da farashin shekaru 35 |- |Muzzaker Shah |Kisan kai; fashi; bindigogi |Rayuwa tare da farashin shekaru 35 |- |Faisal Razzaq |Kashewa; fashi; bindigogi |Rayuwa tare da farashin shekaru 11 |- |Hassan Razzaq |Kashewa; fashi; bindigogi |Shekaru 20 |- |Raza Ul-Haq Aslam |Fashi |Shekaru 8 |} An kuma yanke wa Shah hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru 35, wanda kuma ana sa ran zai tsare shi a kurkuku har zuwa akalla 2040 da shekaru 60. Faisal Razzaq, mai shekaru 25 daga London, an wanke shi da kisan kai amma an same shi da laifin kisan kai. An yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru 11 kafin a yi la'akari da shi don sallama. Ana sa ran wannan zai tsare shi a kurkuku har zuwa 2017 kuma yana da shekaru 36 an sake shi. Ya kori motar jagorancin ƙungiyar daga [[Leeds]] zuwa Bradford kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kallo a lokacin fashi. A ranar 2 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2007, Hassan Razzaq, ɗan'uwan Faisal mai shekaru 26, an kuma yanke masa hukuncin kisa kuma an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 20 a kurkuku. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai kallo. Raza Ul-Haq Aslam ya kasance mai kallo na 3 kuma an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru takwas a kurkuku saboda laifin fashi guda daya. Dukkanin wadanda ake zargi sai dai Aslam an kuma same su da laifin fashi da jerin laifukan bindiga. A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 2007, an fitar da Mustaf Jama daga Somaliya, bayan wani aikin da Ofishin Gida ya ba da kuɗin da ya shafi Land Rover da 'yan bindiga 15 na cikin gida suka yi wa kwanton bauna sannan kuma Jama da aka tashi da jirgin sama mai zaman kansa zuwa Burtaniya ta hanyar [[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]], kuma aka kai shi hannun' yan sanda a ofishin 'yan sanda na Bridewell a Leeds. An tuhume shi washegari da kisan Beshenivsky, ya bayyana a gaban majistare na Leeds, kuma an tsare shi.<ref name=":0" /> A ranar 22 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2009 a Kotun Crown ta Newcastle, an sami Mustaf Jama da laifin kisan kai kuma an gaya masa cewa zai yi akalla shekaru 35 a kurkuku, wanda ake sa ran zai tsare shi a kurkuku har zuwa shekara ta 2044 kuma yana da shekaru 64. Daga baya ya bayyana cewa an sake shi daga kurkuku, bayan an yanke masa hukunci kan fashi da fashi, watanni shida kafin kisan Beshenivsky kuma an yi la'akari da shi don korar shi zuwa asalinsa Somalia. === Daukaka kara === Yusuf Jama da Muzzaker Shah sun yi kira da a rage hukuncin su. Babban Kotun ta saurari roko amma ta amince da mafi ƙarancin lokacin da alƙalin ya ba da shawarar ga maza biyu kuma ta ƙi roko. A shekara ta 2010, Mustaf Jama ya nemi izini don daukaka kara a hukuncinsa. Kotun daukaka kara ta ki amincewa da bukatarsa a shekarar 2011. An daure Hewan Gordon na tsawon watanni 18 a 2007 saboda taimakawa Shah ya guje wa kamawa. A shekara ta 2010, ya lashe roko game da yunkurin gwamnati na korar shi zuwa Somaliya. An fahimci roƙonsa ne a kan dalilan kare hakkin dan adam.<ref>[http://www.findmypast.com/BirthsMarriagesDeaths.jsp Sharon Beshenivsky info] {{Webarchive}}, findmypast.co.uk; accessed 5 May 2014.</ref> === Wani wanda ake zargi === Wanda ake zargi da fashi, Piran Ditta Khan, ya gudu zuwa Pakistan. An ba da lada na £ 20,000 don bayanan da suka kai ga kama shi. A cikin 2014, 'yan sanda sun sabunta roƙonsu don bayanan da za su iya haifar da kama Khan. Detective Superintendent Simon Atkinson ya ce: "Wannan binciken bai riga ya cika ba kuma ba zai kasance ba har sai duk wanda ke da hannu a kowace hanya a kisan PC Beshenivsky an kawo shi gaban shari'a. Ba mu da, kuma ba za mu bar wani dutse ba a juya shi ba a cikin nemanmu na adalci. Kyautar £ 20,000 da aka bayar kuma ina so in yi amfani da wannan damar don sake yin kira ga mutanen Pakistan ko kuma duk wanda ya san inda wannan mutumin yake don tuntuɓar".<ref>[http://www.findmypast.com/BirthsMarriagesDeaths.jsp Sharon Beshenivsky info] {{Webarchive}}, findmypast.co.uk; accessed 5 May 2014.</ref> An kama Khan a Pakistan a ranar 14 ga watan Janairun 2020. <ref name="Sky">{{Cite web |title=Sharon Beshenivsky: Man arrested in Pakistan over murder of British policewoman in 2005 |url=https://news.sky.com/story/sharon-beshenivsky-man-arrested-in-pakistan-over-murder-of-british-policewoman-in-2005-11909249 |access-date=15 January 2020 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref> Ya bayyana a kotu a [[Islamabad]] washegari kuma an tsare shi har zuwa 29 ga Janairu.<ref name="Sky" /> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023, an fitar da Khan zuwa Burtaniya kuma an kai shi ofishin 'yan sanda na Yammacin Yorkshire, inda aka tuhume shi da kisan kai, fashi, laifuka biyu na mallakar bindiga tare da niyyar yin barazana ga rayuwa da laifuka guda biyu na mallak da makami da aka haramta.<ref>[http://www.findmypast.com/BirthsMarriagesDeaths.jsp Sharon Beshenivsky info] {{Webarchive}}, findmypast.co.uk; accessed 5 May 2014.</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairun 2024, ya bayyana a Kotun Leeds Crown yana sauraron shari'ar tare da taimakon mai fassara, yayin da aka tsara karar. Khan ya yarda da shirya fashi don sake dawo da £ 12,000 da mai shi na wakilin tafiye-tafiye ya ci shi amma ya musanta sauran zarge-zargen, yana mai cewa Hassan Razzaq ya ba da damar "karɓar kuɗin" kuma bai gaya masa cewa za a yi amfani da bindigogi ba. Koyaya, masu gabatar da kara sun zargi Khan da sanin cewa an yi amfani da makamai masu ɗorawa, da kuma yin aiki a matsayin mai tsaro a lokacin fashi. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2024 an same shi da laifin kisan kai. A ranar 10 ga Mayu 2024, kotun ta yanke masa hukuncin rai da rai, tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru 40.<ref>[http://www.findmypast.com/BirthsMarriagesDeaths.jsp Sharon Beshenivsky info] {{Webarchive}}, findmypast.co.uk; accessed 5 May 2014.</ref> == Abubuwan da suka faru na gaba == A watan Yunin 2007, Shah ya kara shekaru tara ga hukuncinsa saboda laifuffukan bindiga da aka aikata yayin bin mota a shekara ta 2004. Faisal Razzaq ya kara shekaru bakwai da rabi a cikin hukuncinsa a watan Yunin 2007 don mallakar bindigogi a shekara ta 2004. <ref>[http://www.findmypast.com/BirthsMarriagesDeaths.jsp Sharon Beshenivsky info] {{Webarchive}}, findmypast.co.uk; accessed 5 May 2014.</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2008, duka Shah da Yusuf Jama sun kara shekaru hudu a cikin hukuncin da aka yanke musu saboda rauni da niyya bayan sun soke wani fursuna a gidan yarin Frankland a Brasside, County Durham . <ref>[http://www.findmypast.com/BirthsMarriagesDeaths.jsp Sharon Beshenivsky info] {{Webarchive}}, findmypast.co.uk; accessed 5 May 2014.</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2008, an hukunta Jam'iyyar Burtaniya saboda amfani da kisan a matsayin misali na aikata laifuka na wariyar launin fata a cikin wani wallafe-wallafen da aka rarraba ga masu jefa kuri'a. Masu adawa da manufofin jam'iyyar suna da sha'awar nuna cewa babu wata manufa ta launin fata ga kisan, kuma cewa masu kisan sun kashe duk wanda ya fito daga kowane kabilanci wanda zai iya ƙoƙarin hana su.<ref>[http://www.findmypast.com/BirthsMarriagesDeaths.jsp Sharon Beshenivsky info] {{Webarchive}}, findmypast.co.uk; accessed 5 May 2014.</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h1k86no8oiinb2uk2c8mfgtqcu1y25e 0 123546 827895 748850 2026-04-30T04:17:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Keb Cuevas''' (; Sinanci; ; an haife shi '''Kevin San Miguel Cuevas'''; 6 ga Oktoba, 1995) ɗan kasuwa ne na fasahar Filipino, masanin noma kuma ɗan Jaridar kimiyya. An fi saninsa da Babban Masanin Noma kuma wanda ya kafa Tagani, dandalin aikin gona na dijital, da kuma samar da abubuwan ilimin kimiyya a kan [[TikTok]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dulay |first=Patch |date=December 11, 2020 |title=The Spark Project – Beyond FarmVille and Convention: Tagani and The Farming Millennial |url=https://www.thesparkproject.com/beyond-farmville-and-convention-tagani-and-the-farming-millennial/ |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=The Spark Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Cuevas a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida ga gidan yanar gizon labarai na zamantakewa na Philippines Rappler.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Muck Rack {{!}} For journalists and public relations |url=https://muckrack.com/kebcuevas |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=muckrack.com |language=en}}</ref>{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}}{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}}{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}} A cikin 2018, an lasafta shi daya daga cikin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta Matasan Shugabannin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya (YSEALI) don kasuwanci na zamantakewa da Ci gaban tattalin arziki.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=March 19, 2019 |title=YSEALI Brown University Fall 2018 Highlights |url=https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/sites/academics-college-swearer/files/Yseali_Yearbook_5.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426022209/https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/sites/academics-college-swearer/files/Yseali_Yearbook_5.pdf |archive-date=April 26, 2019 |website=Brown University Swearer Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Ya kuma sami ganuwar jama'a a matsayin mai hamayya a jerin wasannin cinikayya na gaskiya Project GO.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Keb Cuevas |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm17233640/ |access-date=April 21, 2025 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane a ƙarƙashin "Kym Chua Valencia". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Keb Cuevas a matsayin Kevin San Miguel Cuevas ne a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1995, a [[Las Piñas|Birnin Las Piñas]] kuma ya fito ne daga asalin kasar Sin-Filipino.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2025 |title=Keb Cuevas {{!}} Data Science Leader – About |url=https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314085641/https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-date=March 14, 2025 |access-date=March 27, 2025}}</ref> Shi ne ɗan farko na direban keke uku da mai shagon sari-sari kuma yana da ƙaramar 'yar'uwa. Yayinda yake girma, Cuevas ya fara aiki tun yana ƙarami, yana shiga cikin gasa na mawaƙa don taimakawa wajen tallafawa iliminsa, kuma ya taimaka wajen gudanar da kasuwancin kantin sayar da kwamfuta na iyalinsa har sai da ya koma [[Los Baños|Los Baños, Laguna]] don kwaleji. Ya kammala karatunsa na firamare a shekara ta 2008 a makarantar firamare ta Almanza, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin editan jaridar makaranta.<ref name=":22" /> Ya girma [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]], ya kammala makarantar sakandare a Makarantar Saint Anthony ta Las Piñas a matsayin babban editan makarantar. Daga baya ya bi shekarunsa na farko na kwaleji a Jami'ar Adamson, duka cibiyoyin Katolika. Bayan lokaci, dangin Cuevas sun rungumi [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha na Mahayana]] kuma ya fara yin Wushu, fasahar yaƙi ta kasar Sin.<ref name=":2"/> Ya sami digiri na farko a cikin gudanar da kasuwancin gona a Jami'ar Philippines Los Baños kuma ya zama mai lasisi mai aikin gona.<ref name=":2"/> A lokacin da yake UPLB, ya kafa Amiga Philippines, aikin da ke koyar da lissafin kuɗi ga mata manoma a Calauan, Laguna.<ref name=":0"/> Shirin ya sami karbuwa ta kasa, ya zama wani ɓangare na Kyaututtuka Goma na Ƙungiyoyin Matasa (TAYO) na Hukumar Matasa ta Kasa a cikin 2016.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Serafica |first=Raisa Marielle |date=April 2, 2017 |title=WATCH: Empowering housewives through social enterprises |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/165884-empowering-housewives-social-enterprises-enactus-uplb/ |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da karatun tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Brown daga tallafin karatu na Ofishin Al'adu da Ilimi na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka.<ref name=":7"/> Ya kuma bi digiri na Master's Science a kimiyyar bayanai a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Philippines Manila . A cikin 2023, an shigar da shi cikin Doctor of Philosophy in Data Science program a Jami'ar Philippines Diliman, ci gaba da inganta kwarewarsa a kimiyyar bayanai da aikace-aikacenta.<ref name=":2"/> == Ayyuka == === Jarida da sadarwa ta kimiyya === Cuevas ya fara aikin jarida a Rappler, cibiyar sadarwar labarai ta zamantakewa da ta lashe kyautar Nobel, inda ya yi aiki a karkashin MovePH, aikinta na al'umma da aikin jarida na dijital. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da aikin jarida na bayanai, aikin jarida, rashin gaskiya, Shirye-shiryen bala'i, da [[Sabuntawa|kirkire-kirkire]].<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> Ayyukansa na rahoto da multimedia sun mayar da hankali kan tasirin tasirin dandamali na dijital, [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]], da kuma shirya kamfen ɗin yaudara kan maganganun jama'a da shugabanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> A waje da kafofin watsa labarai na gargajiya, Cuevas yana samar da bidiyo masu bayani a kan [[TikTok]], inda yake tattauna batutuwa kamar ilimin kimiyya, tatsuniyoyin abinci, tattalin arziki da manufofin jama'a. Abubuwan da ke ciki - daga karkatar da tatsuniyoyin tattalin arziki a karkashin Dokar Martial zuwa bayyana kuskuren ra'ayoyi game da abinci kamar margarine da man shanu - ya sami mabiya tsakanin masu sauraron matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana rufe Aikin noma na birane, ka'idojin ainihi don abinci, da abubuwan da ke cikin jarrabawar kwamitin, yana ba da jagorar kimiyya ga ɗalibai da masu kallo gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Kasuwanci da manufofin kirkire-kirkire === A cikin 2019, yana da shekaru 22, <ref name=":2"/> Cuevas ya kafa Tagani, farawa na fasaha na gona wanda ya fara ne a matsayin kasuwar kan layi kuma ya fadada cikin dandalin ilimi da mafita na dijital ga manoma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Tagani ya kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona a karkashin shirin Kadiwa don inganta damar kasuwa ga manoma masu karamin manoma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga Hukumar Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Kasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Majalisar Innovation ta Kasa, inda ya zama shugaban Sashen Kula da Manufofin Innovation da Bincike. Ya jagoranci tsarin tsarin tsarin National Innovation Agenda da Strategy Document, babban fitowar manufofi da Dokar Innovation ta Philippines ta ba da umarni.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> A cikin 2023, ya kafa Taxikel, aikace-aikacen jigilar kaya da ake buƙata da kuma hawa keke uku don al'ummomin karkara da ke Pangasinan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Ayyukan kamfanoni da kimiyyar bayanai === Tun daga shekara ta 2018, Cuevas ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan sauye-sauyen dijital ga hukumomin gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, ta amfani da kimiyyar bayanai don inganta ayyukan jama'a da inganta manufofin da suka shafi shaidu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A baya ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban nazari a Solaire Resort & Casino kuma a matsayin shugaban kimiyyar bayanai don kamfanin tsaro na yanar gizo.<ref name=":2"/> A cikin 2023, ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa da Kwalejin Injiniya ta UP a matsayin dalibi na PhD da kuma abokin tarayya a karkashin ƙungiyar bincike ta SyncBioOptics. Ayyukansa suna mai da hankali kan kimiyyar cibiyar sadarwa da sarrafa harshe na halitta. Ya kuma koyar da kimiyyar bayanai a Kwalejin Fasaha da Fasaha ta CIIT . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2025 |title=Keb Cuevas {{!}} Data Science Leader – About |url=https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314085641/https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-date=March 14, 2025 |access-date=March 27, 2025}}</ref> == Ayyukan bayar da shawarwari == === Rashin dorewar aikin gona, juriya na yanayi da lafiyar kwakwalwa === [[Fayil:Keb_Cuevas_speaks_at_UNDP_Youth_CoLab.jpg|alt=Keb Cuevas speaks at a UNDP event in Bangkok|thumb|300x300px|Cuevas yana magana a wani taron UNDP a [[Bangkok]]]] A matsayinsa na mai lasisi na aikin gona, Cuevas ya shiga cikin ilimin jama'a da kuma gabatar da manufofi da suka shafi aikin gona da tsarin abinci. A lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Philippines, ya yi gargadi game da sake amfani da abin rufe fuska da aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin jaka, yana mai da hankali kan damuwa game da lafiya da aminci. Ya bayyana cewa kayan masks suna sa su lalace cikin sauƙi tare da ban ruwa kuma suna iya ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, da ƙwayoyin daji, suna haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar shuke-shuke da lafiyar ɗan adam. Cuevas yana ba da shawara don sabunta aikin gona ta hanyar fasahar dijital da kuma mafi girman aikin matasa a aikin gona. Nuni da wahayi daga samfuran a ƙasashe kamar [[Kenya]], ya jaddada rawar da kafofin sada zumunta da kasuwancin e-commerce ke takawa wajen haɗa manoma zuwa kasuwanni, yada ilimi, da kuma canza ra'ayin jama'a game da aikin gona a matsayin hanyar aiki ta zamani.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Valencia |first=Sean Phillipp C. |title=Filipino Farmers Need You! |url=https://pdfcoffee.com/problem-solution-essay-10-pdf-free.html |website=PDF Coffee}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Plaridel |date=December 13, 2020 |title=Pagtugon sa hinaing ng mga magsasaka, binigyang-tuon sa Peasant Situationer |url=https://www.plaridel.ph/index.php/2020/12/13/pagtugon-sa-hinaing-ng-mga-magsasaka-binigyang-tuon-sa-peasant-situationer/ |access-date=March 28, 2025 |website=Ang Pahayagang Plaridel |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga cikin Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Wellness Check Series, inda ya tattauna fa'idodin lambu na birane don lafiyar kwakwalwa. Ya nuna yadda aikin lambu zai iya zama aikin warkewa, inganta jin daɗi da inganta ilimin muhalli. Ya kuma ba da jagora mai amfani don kafa lambuna masu ɗorewa a cikin saitunan birane.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Save the Philippine Seas a cikin 2022, Cuevas ya jaddada bukatar gaggawa don daidaita [[Canjin yanayi]] a aikin gona. Ya gano barazanar da ke da alaƙa da yanayi kamar matsanancin yanayi, sauya yanayin hazo, da yaduwar cututtukan shuke-shuke, kuma ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da amfanin gona mai tsayayya da yanayi, ayyukan noma masu ɗorewa, da manufofi masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke inganta kula da muhalli da [[Tsaron abinci|Tsaro na abinci]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Hakkin LGBTQ+, daidaito tsakanin jinsi da kuma fafutukar al'adu === [[Fayil:Kym_Chua_(drag_queen).jpg|thumb|315x315px|Kym Chua Valencia shine mutumin da ke cikin Keb Cuevas]] Cuevas mai ba da shawara ce ga haƙƙin mata da al'ummar LGBTQ+ +, tare da mai da hankali kan adawa da nuna bambanci, hadawa, da lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa. Ya goyi bayan wucewar Dokar Daidaitawar SOGIE kuma ya nuna goyon bayan jama'a ga auren jinsi guda da kuma samun damar hana cutar [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], gami da inganta PrEP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> Tallafinsa ya kai ga shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa tare da dandamali kamar [[TikTok]] da Queer Safe Spaces, inda yake taimakawa wajen fadada ganuwa da kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a. Cuevas ya kuma shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru kamar tafiye-tafiye na girman kai da sauran tarurruka na al'umma da ke murna da LGBTQ +.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga cikin jawabin jama'a da ke kewaye da [[Nas Daily]] da abubuwan da yake koyawa a kan layi wanda ke nuna mai zane-zane na kabilar Whang-od. Cuevas ya nuna damuwa game da al'adun al'adu da wakilci, yana ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawa mai zurfi game da ba da labari na ɗabi'a da kuma alhakin kasuwanci na zamantakewa a cikin Philippines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> == Kym Chua Valencia (mai zane-zane) == ''''''Kym Chua''' Valencia''', wani lokacin ana kiranta da Kym Chia ko kuma '''Miss Kym''', ita ce mai jan hankali na Keb Cuevas, musamman a cikin jan hankali na Filipino da kuma LGBTQ +.<ref name=":2"/> A matsayinsa na Kym, an san shi da mai zane-zane, mai karɓar bakuncin abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma mai shirya al'umma, yana inganta ganuwar jinsi da haɗin kai. Kym 'yar jan [[Riri Valencia Andrews]] ce, 'yar'uwar Arizona Brandy da matar Casa de Valencia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Sunan Kym ya ba da shi ne daga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Salmo Nella, wanda ya gabatar da shi a matsayin ''Kimberly Valencia'' a [[Hoesik Bar & Lounge]] . A matsayin girmamawa ga Al'adun kasar Sin, ya kara da Chua ga sunan, yayin da Kym ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga shahararriyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta kasar Sin-Filipino Kim Chiu.<ref name=":2"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dzsx1pip5uydeov8tbtjp1o71fqtrz7 0 123572 827925 795069 2026-04-30T08:24:16Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 827925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marek Kowalkiewicz''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1978) masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta ne na Poland-Australia. Shi farfesa ne kuma kujera a cikin tattalin arzikin dijital a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Queensland (QUT), inda yake mai da hankali kan [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]] (AI) da dabarun sauya dijital don gwamnati da masana'antu.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |last=Technology (QUT) |first=Queensland University of |title=Professor Marek Kowalkiewicz |url=https://www.qut.edu.au/about/our-people/academic-profiles/marek.kowalkiewicz |website=QUT}}</ref> Ya yi dukkan bincikensa a cikin kwanaki 30 "bincike na kirkiro", wani ra'ayi mai cin nasara da ya fara a QUT a shekarar 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Innovation Sprints |url=https://good-design.org/projects/research-innovation-sprints/ |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Good Design |language=en-AU}}</ref> An tsara tseren bincike na Kowalkiewicz don ƙirƙirar da hanzarta sakamakon bincike na masana'antu ta hanyar haɗa falsafar kasuwanci na tseren zane na kwanaki biyar na Google tare da tsananin bincike na ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bongiovanni |first=Ivano |last2=Kowalkiewicz |first2=Marek |last3=Townson |first3=Peter |date=May 21, 2023 |title=We solve problems in 30 days through 'research sprints': other academics can do this too |url=http://theconversation.com/we-solve-problems-in-30-days-through-research-sprints-other-academics-can-do-this-too-204373 |website=The Conversation}}</ref> Kowalkiewicz ya shiga QUT daga [[Silicon Valley]] inda ya jagoranci ƙungiyoyin kirkire-kirkire na duniya don SAP. Ya kasance Manajan Bincike a SAP's Machine Learning Lab a Singapore, <ref name="auto7">{{Cite web |title=Machine Learning Lab |url=https://sap.github.io/machine-learning-lab/ |website=sap.github.io |access-date=2025-12-24 |archive-date=2024-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216105225/https://sap.github.io/machine-learning-lab/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> jagorancin shirin bincike na duniya a SAP Research [[Asturaliya|Australia]], kuma ɗan bincike a Microsoft Research Asia. Shi ne marubucin littafin The Economy of Algorithms: Rise of the Digital Minions, wanda La Trobe University Press ta buga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2024. Littafin ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga fagen AI mai saurin canzawa.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Innovation Sprints |url=https://good-design.org/projects/research-innovation-sprints/ |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Good Design |language=en-AU}}</ref> == Ilimi == === Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci ta Poznań === Kowalkiewicz ya sami Jagora na Tsarin Bayanai na Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci ta Poznań (PUEB) a [[Poland]] a shekara ta 2002. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Ya kammala digirinsa na PhD a cikin tsarin bayanai a PUEB a shekara ta 2006, inda ya kammala summa cum laude . Yankin binciken Kowalkiewicz ya kasance a cikin cire abun ciki daga shafukan yanar gizo; rubutun nasa mai taken "Cire Bayanai da Tattara don Kasuwancin Kasuwanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Innovation Sprints |url=https://good-design.org/projects/research-innovation-sprints/ |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Good Design |language=en-AU}}</ref> == Ayyuka da bincike == === Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci ta Poznań === Daga 2002 - 2006, yayin kammala digirinsa na PhD, Kowalkiewicz ya rike mukamin mataimakin farfesa a Sashen Tsarin Bayanai a Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci ta Poznań . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> === Binciken Microsoft na Asiya === Kafin ya sami digirinsa na PhD a shekara ta 2006, Kowalkiewicz ya koma Beijing don ya zama abokin bincike a Microsoft Research Asia, inda ya gina tsarin gano wuri don Windows Live Spaces, aikin da daga baya aka gabatar a cikin binciken blog.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> === Binciken SAP Australia === A shekara ta 2007, ya shiga SAP Research Australia a matsayin babban mai bincike da ƙwararren mai ci gaba wanda ke jagorantar ƙungiyoyin masu haɓakawa da masu bincike a cikin ayyuka daban-daban ciki har da ƙaddamar da 2010 na aikace-aikacen SAP na farko a cikin AppStore, AUS Traffic, <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> wanda ya haifar da mayar da hankali ga SAP kan aikace-aikace na hannu da haɗin gwiwar Apple. Ya kuma jagoranci aikin IdeaWall (wanda aka fi sani da InnoBoard), aikace-aikacen haɗin gwiwa mai nisa wanda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyoyin da aka rarraba suyi aiki tare da bayanan jiki da na kama-da-wane, ra'ayi har yanzu ana amfani dashi a wasu aikace-aikace na SAP na ciki.<ref name="auto62">{{Cite web |last=Purnell |first=Freya |date=September 16, 2011 |title=Australian innovation wins the 2011 TechEd Demo Jam |url=https://insidesap.com/australian-innovation-wins-the-2011-teched-demo-jam-3/ |website=InsideSAP}}</ref> Yayinda yake a Binciken SAP, an nada Kowalkiewicz a matsayin Manajan Shirin Bincike na Duniya, Kwarewar Mai amfani, inda ya kafa ƙungiyar bincike ta ƙwarewar mai amfani ta duniya da shirin. Ya kuma jagoranci jerin duniya na SAP InnoJam <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> hackathons wanda ke inganta amfani da fasahar SAP ta hanyar farawa, kuma ya lashe SAP TechEd DemoJams a Las Vegas <ref name="auto6">{{Cite web |last=Purnell |first=Freya |date=September 16, 2011 |title=Australian innovation wins the 2011 TechEd Demo Jam |url=https://insidesap.com/australian-innovation-wins-the-2011-teched-demo-jam-3/ |website=InsideSAP}}</ref> da Bangalore <ref name="auto5">{{Cite web |last=Queensland |first=The University of |last2=Lucia |first2=Australia Brisbane St |last3=Gatton |first3=QLD 4072 +61 7 3365 1111 Other Campuses: UQ |last4=Maps |first4=UQ Herston |last5=Queensland |first5=Directions © 2023 The University of |title=UQ students win first prize at international software conference |url=https://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2011/10/uq-students-win-first-prize-international-software-conference |website=UQ News}}</ref> tare da zanga-zangar ingantaccen gaskiyar (AR) a cikin tsarin kasuwanci. === SAP Singapore === A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, Kowalkiewicz ya koma Singapore don taimakawa wajen kafa hedkwatar SAP Research ta Asiya-Pacific [[Japan]] (APJ). A matsayinsa na manajan bincike kuma shugaban ci gaba na APJ, ya kirkiro dakin bincike na farko na SAP.<ref name="auto7"/> === SAP Amurka === A shekara ta 2014, an nada shi babban darektan, kayayyaki da kirkire-kirkire, a SAP Americas a Palo Alto, California. Kowalkiewicz ya kasance abun ciki na duniya da kuma dabarun jagora don jerin tarurruka na ciki mafi girma na SAP, d-kom, <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> inda ya tsara kuma ya ƙaddamar da taron shekara-shekara, mai haɓaka duniya don sama da masu halarta 25,000. Ya kuma gina cibiyar sadarwa ta makerspaces ga masu haɓaka SAP, gabatar da AR / VR, bugawa 3D, da robotics. Kowalkiewicz ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga SAP a cikin shirin su na SAP Influencer daga 2013 zuwa 2018.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> A cewar shafin yanar gizon SAP, SAP Mentors sune "Manyan masu tasiri a cikin tsarin halittu na SAP, wakiltar abokan ciniki, abokan tarayya, da masu ba da shawara".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Innovation Sprints |url=https://good-design.org/projects/research-innovation-sprints/ |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Good Design |language=en-AU}}</ref> === QUT da kujera a cikin tattalin arzikin dijital === A cikin 2015, an nada Kowalkiewicz farfesa kuma Shugaban PwC a cikin Tattalin Arziki na Dijital <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Queensland (QUT).<ref name="auto4"/> Wannan hadin gwiwa tsakanin QUT, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Innovation Sprints |url=https://good-design.org/projects/research-innovation-sprints/ |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Good Design |language=en-AU}}</ref> PwC, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bongiovanni |first=Ivano |last2=Kowalkiewicz |first2=Marek |last3=Townson |first3=Peter |date=May 21, 2023 |title=We solve problems in 30 days through 'research sprints': other academics can do this too |url=http://theconversation.com/we-solve-problems-in-30-days-through-research-sprints-other-academics-can-do-this-too-204373 |website=The Conversation}}</ref> Brisbane Marketing <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> da Gwamnatin Queensland wani shiri ne na bincike na shekaru biyar wanda ya ba da damar hadin gwiwa magareng ga masana'antu, ilimi da gwamnati kuma an ba shi aiki tare da "tsarin dabarun sauyawar dijital don ƙalubalen tattalin arziki da zamantakewa masu rikitarwa".<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Economy |first=Chair in Digital |title=About us |url=https://research.qut.edu.au/cde/about-us/}}</ref> A cikin 2016, Kowalkiewicz ya kasance memba na Opportunities for Personal Transport Review Taskforce wanda ke jagorantar Gwamnatin Queensland kan bunkasa sabon tsarin raba tafiye-tafiye.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Gidauniyar NewDemocracy ta sanya ka'idar, wacce ake kira "Hannun Uber," a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan shirye-shiryen manufofi na shekara bayan rahotanni da Per Capita da Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a suka bayar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Innovation Sprints |url=https://good-design.org/projects/research-innovation-sprints/ |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Good Design |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bongiovanni |first=Ivano |last2=Kowalkiewicz |first2=Marek |last3=Townson |first3=Peter |date=May 21, 2023 |title=We solve problems in 30 days through 'research sprints': other academics can do this too |url=http://theconversation.com/we-solve-problems-in-30-days-through-research-sprints-other-academics-can-do-this-too-204373 |website=The Conversation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Daga 2016 - 2019, Kowalkiewicz ya kasance Jagoran Bincike na Bincike: Ɗauki Zamanin Dijital . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> A cikin 2020, Kowalkiewicz ya kafa Queensland AI Hub <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the Queensland AI Hub - Artificial Intelligence &#124; ML |url=https://qldaihub.com/ |website=Queensland AI Hub}}</ref> tare da hadin gwiwar gwamnatin Queensland, jami'o'i da shugabannin masana'antu. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> An kafa AI Hub a lokacin rikicin COVID-19 don inganta ikon AI na Queensland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Innovation Sprints |url=https://good-design.org/projects/research-innovation-sprints/ |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Good Design |language=en-AU}}</ref> A cikin 2020, Kowalkiewicz ya kafa Cibiyar QUT don Tattalin Arziki ta Dijital, a matsayin darakta mai kafa ta.<ref name="auto1"/> A cikin 2022, an haɗa Cibiyar tare da irin wannan Cibiyar QUT don Kasuwanci na gaba, kuma Kowalkiewicz tana gudanar da bincikenta na "Algorithmic Enterprise".<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Innovation Sprints |url=https://good-design.org/projects/research-innovation-sprints/ |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Good Design |language=en-AU}}</ref> [[Fayil:Marek_Kowalkiewicz_at_SXSW_2025.jpg|thumb|Kowalkiewicz a SXSW 2025]] === Kwamitoci, zumunci, membobin === * memba na kwamitin, Laburaren Jihar Queensland, 2017 - 2023 * Wanda ya kafa kuma memba na kwamitin masu ba da shawara, Queensland AI Hub, <ref name="auto"/> 2020 - 2023 * Fellow, On Deck, 2020 - yanzu<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> * memba na Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta ICT ta Ministoci, Gwamnatin Queensland, 2019 - yanzu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Innovation Sprints |url=https://good-design.org/projects/research-innovation-sprints/ |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Good Design |language=en-AU}}</ref> === Kalmomin da ke tattare da shi === Kowalkiewicz ya ba da ma'anar ma'ana sama da 100 ga ilimi da masana'antu.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Da farko yana magana ne game da filin da ke saurin canzawa na [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]] da ƙalubale da damar da yake gabatar wa kungiyoyi. Batutuwan da suka shafi sun haɗa da tattalin arzikin dijital, canjin dijital, tattalin arzikin algorithms, tseren kirkire-kirkire, hankali na wucin gadi, sarrafa harshe na halitta, Gudanar da fasaha, da tsarin bayanai na kasuwanci. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ehzhh3hwp0ikhbe4hxrdnbnl2wvpmqy 0 124879 827885 752653 2026-04-30T01:16:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:SDE_Karel_Rüütli.jpg|thumb|Karel Rüütli (2011) ]] '''Karel Rüütli''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba 1978, a Valga) ya kasance Shugaban Kungiyar Jama'ar Estonia (''Eestimaa Rahvaliit'') kuma shugaban kungiyar Tarayyar Jama'ar Estonia a Majalisar dokokin Estonia. Ya bar ERL kuma ya shiga jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Estonia a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2010. == Ilimi == Karel Rüütli ta sami ilimin sakandare a Valga Gymnasium a shekarar 1997. Rüütli ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Rayuwa ta Estonia (Eesti Maaülikool) a Cibiyar Kula da dazuzzuka da Injiniyan Karkara kuma ya kammala karatu a shekara ta 2004. Ya rubuta takardar shaidarsa ta dan takara a kan batun siyasar gandun daji a Estonia. == Ayyuka == Daga 2005 zuwa 2007 Karel Rüütli ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan siyasa a Ma'aikatar Muhalli. An zabe shi a Majalisar Majalisa ta Birnin Tartu daga 2005 zuwa 2007. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Ƙungiyar Biranen Estonia . A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2007, an zabe shi a majalisar dokoki ta kasa. Ya kasance memba na kwamitocin sa ido na kamfanoni da yawa na jihohi ko na birni: Estonian Lottery (2003-2007), National Forest Administration (2005-2007) da Tartu Waterworks (2005-2007). A halin yanzu shi memba ne na majalisar dokokin Estonia (Riigikogu) kuma Shugaban Jam'iyyar Majalisar . Ya ƙware a cikin batutuwan harkokin ilimi da kulawar farar hula na 'yan sanda, masu gabatar da kara da hukumomin basira kasancewar memba ne na Kwamitin Harkokin Al'adu da Kwamitin Zaɓin Kula da Hukumomin Tsaro. == Ayyukan siyasa na jam'iyya == Karel Rüütli ta kasance memba na Tarayyar Jama'ar Estonia daga shekara ta 2001 kuma memba na kwamitin zartarwa na jam'iyyar daga shekara ta 2002. Daga 2001 zuwa 2003 ya kasance shugaban kungiyar matasa ta jam'iyyar (''Rahvaliidu Noored''). Ya kasance daga 2005 zuwa 2008 mataimakin shugaban majalisar jam'iyyar. Daga Nuwamba 2008 zuwa 28 Mayu 2010 ya kasance shugaban jam'iyyar kasancewar shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin jam'iyyun da aka wakilta a majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa. Ya bar ERL tare da Jaanus Marrandi, Jaan Õunapuu da Rein Randverd a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2010 kuma daga baya suka shiga Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Estonia bayan yunkurin hadewa da Social Democrats. == Al'umma da Jama'a == Karel memba ne na kungiyar Estonian Society of Foresters (Eesti Metsaüli提拉last Selts), kungiyar Alumni ta Tarayyar Tarayyar Dalibai ta Estonia, kungiyar Alumni Association of Valga Gymnasium kuma memba ne na Kwamitin Kulawa na Cibiyar Horar da Gidauniyar Heino Teder Forestry. Karel ya fara rayuwarsa ta zamantakewa a makarantar sakandare yana daya daga cikin shugabannin majalisar dalibai. Daga 2000 zuwa 2002 ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kwamitin zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Dalibai ta Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Rayuwa ta Estonia, kuma memba ne na majalisar jami'a kuma memba ne ya Majalisar Tarayyar Ƙungiyar Daliban Estonia. A shekara ta 2002 ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Gidauniyar Tarayyar Dalibai ta Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Estonia. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Karel Rüütli yana zaune tare da budurwarsa Merylin da 'ya'yansu maza biyu - Karl-Erik da Hans-Robert . == Tushen == * [http://www.riigikogu.ee/?op=ems&page=isikukaart&pid=73179&lang=en&u=20081118151134/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na majalisar dokokin Estonia game da Karel Rüütli] * [http://www.erl.ee/ Shafukan yanar gizo na hukuma na Tarayyar Jama'ar Estonia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221090537/http://www.erl.ee/ |date=2011-02-21 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090210205624/http://www.karelruutli.com/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na Karel Rüütli] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pvvfqrx36s3d2hm45fi842dtjb9ds24 0 125197 827955 753572 2026-04-30T10:43:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827955 wikitext text/x-wiki Kamfanin '''Koorie Heritage Trust''' wata ƙungiya ce ta al'adu ta 'yan asalin ƙasar da ba ta neman riba ba da ke Melbourne. Tana ɗauke da kayayyaki sama da 100,000 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Koorie Art and Artefacts |url=http://www.cv.vic.gov.au/stories/aboriginal-culture/koorie-art-and-artefacts/ |access-date=2020-10-02 |website=Culture Victoria |language=en}}</ref> a cikin tarinta, daga zane-zane da kayan tarihi har zuwa littattafai, bidiyo da hotuna. Tana da "...alƙawarin karewa, kiyayewa da haɓaka al'adun 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke kudu maso gabashin Ostiraliya."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Koorie Heritage Trust - Culture Victoria |url=https://cv.vic.gov.au/organisations/koorie-heritage-trust/ |access-date=2018-05-18 |website=Culture Victoria |language=en |archive-date=2018-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518200003/https://cv.vic.gov.au/organisations/koorie-heritage-trust/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamfanin Koorie Heritage Trust kuma yana gudanar da shirye-shiryen ilimi na al'adu iri-iri da kuma hidimar tarihin iyali ta Koorie. == Wuri == Asusun Kula da Gado na Koorie yana cikin ginin Yarra da ke Federation Square, [[Melbourne]], [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Koorie Art and Artefacts |url=http://www.cv.vic.gov.au/stories/aboriginal-culture/koorie-art-and-artefacts/ |access-date=2020-10-02 |website=Culture Victoria |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, shugabannin Federation Square sun nemi a rushe ginin Yarra, tare da sake gina amintaccen wurin a wani wuri a yankin, don gina shagon Apple da aka tsara a wurin. Hukumar National Trust ta nemi a ƙara Federation Square a cikin Rijistar Gado ta Victoria, kuma a watan Afrilun 2019 Heritage Victoria ta ƙi amincewa da buƙatar rushewa.[1] == Manazarta == <references /> 9ycl4ja4o22kyqa8q97xk2cgr0pag8w 0 126381 827763 757077 2026-04-29T17:26:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jordan Daykin''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1995), ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan kasuwa na Burtaniya. An fi saninsa da bayyanarsa ta 2014 a shirin kasuwanci na BBC Two Dragons' Den, inda ya zama ɗan kasuwa mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi cin nasara don samun saka hannun jari <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burn-Callander |first=Rebecca |date=17 August 2014 |title=19-year-old becomes youngest entrepreneur to win backing on Dragons' Den |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/11037944/19-year-old-becomes-youngest-entrepreneur-to-win-backing-on-Dragons-Den.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> lokacin da ya sami £ 80,000 daga Deborah Meaden don kirkirarsa ta gyaran allon. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2016 |title=From Dragons' Den to £10&nbsp;million business: Meet the show's biggest ever success story |url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/02/23/from-dragons-den-to-10-million-business-meet-the-shows-biggest-ever-success-story-5713248/ |website=Metro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Grip it Fixings |url=http://www.deborahmeaden.com/investment/grip-it-fixings |website=Deborah Meaden |access-date=2025-12-30 |archive-date=2019-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408122814/https://www.deborahmeaden.com/investment/grip-it-fixings |url-status=dead }}</ref> An kira shi "Daya daga cikin Matasan Matasa na Burtaniya" a cikin jerin City AM na 100 Mafi Girma a Burtaniya a watan Maris na shekara ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Emma Haslett, Harriet |date=25 March 2016 |title=The 100 most powerful entrepreneurs in the UK |url=http://www.cityam.com/220386/uk-entrepreneurs-top-100-richard-branson-edwina-dunn-these-are-most-influential-business |access-date=2016-04-20 |publisher=cityam.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Daykin ne a Trowbridge, Wiltshire, inda ya halarci Makarantar John na Gaunt . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burn-Callander |first=Rebecca |date=17 August 2014 |title=19-year-old becomes youngest entrepreneur to win backing on Dragons' Den |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/11037944/19-year-old-becomes-youngest-entrepreneur-to-win-backing-on-Dragons-Den.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Iyayensa sun rabu lokacin da yake dan shekara tara; Daykin ya zauna tare da mahaifinsa har sai ya kai shekara 13, lokacin da ya koma bungalow na kakanninsa saboda mahaifinsa ya tafi Saliyo don aiki. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 13, ya bar makaranta don ya zama mai koyarwa a gida.<ref name="Management Today">{{Cite web |title=A 19-year-old school dropout has just won £80,000 investment from Deborah Meaden on Dragon's Den |url=http://www.managementtoday.co.uk/news/1308073/a-19-year-old-school-dropout-just-won-80000-investment-deborah-meaden-dragons-den/ |website=Management Today}}</ref> == Kasuwanci na farko == Yayinda yake a makaranta yana da shekaru 12, Daykin ya kafa kasuwancinsa na farko, RS2Services, wanda ke sayar da asusun wasa da kuɗi na kama-da-wane ga magoya bayan wasan kwaikwayo na Runescape . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burn-Callander |first=Rebecca |date=17 August 2014 |title=19-year-old becomes youngest entrepreneur to win backing on Dragons' Den |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/11037944/19-year-old-becomes-youngest-entrepreneur-to-win-backing-on-Dragons-Den.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Bayan shekara guda ya fara kasuwancinsa na biyu, wata hukumar koyarwa ta kasa da ake kira Tutor Magnet .<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2016 |title=From Dragons' Den to £10&nbsp;million business: Meet the show's biggest ever success story |url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/02/23/from-dragons-den-to-10-million-business-meet-the-shows-biggest-ever-success-story-5713248/ |website=Metro}}</ref> == GripIt gyare-gyare == A shekara ta 2008, jim kadan bayan Daykin ya koma gidan kakanninsa, shi da kakansa Stanley Daykin sun fara canza garage zuwa ɗakin kwana a gare shi. Daykin yana son makantar rufewa da layin dogo don tabbatar da cewa babu haske da zai iya shiga cikin dakin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burn-Callander |first=Rebecca |date=17 August 2014 |title=19-year-old becomes youngest entrepreneur to win backing on Dragons' Den |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/11037944/19-year-old-becomes-youngest-entrepreneur-to-win-backing-on-Dragons-Den.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Bayan Daykin da kakansa sun karya gyare-gyare da yawa da kuma raguwa da ke ƙoƙarin rataye layin dogo, sai ya tafi shagon DIY na gida don neman mafita mafi kyau, amma bai iya samun wani abu da ya dace ba. A wannan rana dukansu biyu sun tafi gidan, kuma sun kirkiro GripIt. [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] Ba da daɗewa ba gyaran ya yi nasara wajen sanya talabijin a bango, kuma Daykin ya hango rata a kasuwa. Shekaru hudu bayan haka an ba da takardar shaidar GripIt kuma an fitar da abin kirkirar zuwa kasuwa.  A cikin 2014, Daykin ya bayyana a kan Dragons' Den kuma ya sami saka hannun jari na £ 80,000 don kashi 25% na kamfaninsa daga Deborah Meaden . <ref name="Management Today"/> A watan Fabrairun 2016, an kiyasta darajar Daykin ta kai fam miliyan 10.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=23 February 2016 |title=Dragons' Den entrepreneur reveals staggering £10m fortune |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/youngest-ever-dragons-den-entrepreneur-now-worth-10-million-a3186676.html |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=London Evening Standard}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2019, Daykin ya yi murabus a matsayin darektan UK Building Products Limited kuma ya bar kamfanin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burn-Callander |first=Rebecca |date=17 August 2014 |title=19-year-old becomes youngest entrepreneur to win backing on Dragons' Den |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/11037944/19-year-old-becomes-youngest-entrepreneur-to-win-backing-on-Dragons-Den.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019 kamfanin ya samu nasarar shigar da kara don biyan bashin da aka yi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2016 |title=From Dragons' Den to £10&nbsp;million business: Meet the show's biggest ever success story |url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/02/23/from-dragons-den-to-10-million-business-meet-the-shows-biggest-ever-success-story-5713248/ |website=Metro}}</ref> == Ayyukan Shirye-shiryen Motoci == A watan Janairun 2018, an ruwaito cewa Daykin ya sayi kamfanin kwangilar kwangila na motoci na Wiltshire daga mahaifinsa Adrian Daykin, don ya bambanta fayil din kasuwancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burn-Callander |first=Rebecca |date=17 August 2014 |title=19-year-old becomes youngest entrepreneur to win backing on Dragons' Den |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/11037944/19-year-old-becomes-youngest-entrepreneur-to-win-backing-on-Dragons-Den.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Daykin ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba na VPS tsakanin Janairu 2018 da Nuwamba 2018, kafin a mayar da iko ga mahaifinsa kuma kamfanin ya sha wahala a watan da ya biyo baya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2016 |title=From Dragons' Den to £10&nbsp;million business: Meet the show's biggest ever success story |url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/02/23/from-dragons-den-to-10-million-business-meet-the-shows-biggest-ever-success-story-5713248/ |website=Metro}}</ref> == Rashin jituwa == A watan Fabrairun 2025, an fallasa Jordan Daykin saboda sayar da lambobin motar ba bisa ka'ida ba ta hanyar kamfaninsa, SLS UK Holdings Ltd, a kan Amazon. Kasuwancin ya wuce ID da binciken abin hawa da dokar Burtaniya ta buƙaci, wanda ya haifar da damuwa mai tsanani game da lafiyar jama'a. Bayan binciken da Wiltshire Trading Standards suka yi, Amazon ya cire jerin sunayen kuma ya haramta masu siyarwa da aka samu suna samar da faranti ba tare da takardun da suka dace ba [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==manazarta == 20l0pe3z27mffwg91r829wz7tq3fc1p 0 130149 827801 766993 2026-04-29T18:48:08Z Enrevseluj 16009 Oxford Dictionary error, there is no lady named Mary Western in Queen Mary College 827801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ethel Sykes''' ko '''Ethel Rosalie Sykes''' (30 Oktoba 1864 - 8 Maris 1945) malamar Burtaniya ce kuma marubuciya. Ta kula da dubban mata da ke aiki a Bankin Lloyds a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. An tsare ta lokacin da aka kori da yawa daga cikinsu yayin da sojoji suka dawo. == Rayuwa == An haifi Sykes a Stoke . Iyayenta fasto ne na soja Rev. William Sykes (an haife shi a shekara ta 1829) kuma matarsa Mary, 'yar Kyaftin Anthony Oliver Molesworth, na Royal Artillery, ta fito daga Robert Molesworth, Viscount Molesworth na 1.<ref name="Foreign Parts 1900, p. 929">Two Hundred Years of the S.P.G.: An Historical Account of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 1701-1900, Based on a Digest of the Society's Records, vol. I, Charles Frederick Pascoe, 1901, p. 929</ref> Mahaifinta fasto ne na girmamawa ga Sarauniya Victoria. 'Yar uwarta Ella Sykes matafiyi ce kuma marubuciya, kuma ɗan'uwansu tilo Percy Sykes ya zama birgediya, diflomasiyya kuma marubuciya. Mahaifinta, William shine ɗa na biyu ga Richard Sykes, na Edgeley House, Stockport, mai kamfanin Sykes Bleaching Company ; Percy Sykes ɗan'uwan Richard Sykes ne wanda ya kafa garuruwa a Amurka, kuma ɗan'uwan Sir Alan Sykes, Baronet na 1 wanda ya kasance ɗan majalisar dokoki na Knutsford, Cheshire . <ref>name="Foreign Parts 1900, p. 929" </ref> Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Plymouth sannan ta yi makarantar kwana ta Royal School for Daughters of Officers of the Army in Bath. Daga nan ta shiga kwalejin mata ta Oxford da aka buɗe kwanan nan , Lady Margaret Hall, a shekarar 1881, ta tafi a shekarar 1884. 'Yar uwarta wacce take da irin wannan ilimin ta tafi a shekarar 1883. Tana da isassun kuɗi da ba ta buƙatar yin aiki, amma a shekarar 1910 ta sami aikin koyarwa a Kwalejin Queen Mary da aka sake wa suna kwanan nan a [[Lahore]] . Za ta ci gaba da zama a wurin har zuwa 1912. A shekarar 1915 ta buga ''Littafin Karatu daga Tarihin Indiya don Maza da Mata'' a cikin juzu'i biyu. A shekarar 1917, Bankin Lloyds ya naɗa ta a matsayin "mai kula da mata". Wannan lokaci ne na canji yayin da ƙaramin adadin ma'aikata mata kafin yaƙi ya ƙaru a lokacin yaƙin yayin da mata 3,300 suka karɓi ayyukan da maza ke ɗauka a cikin rundunar sojoji. A ƙarshen yaƙin, lamarin ya sauya kuma ba za a sake ɗaukar mata a matsayin magatakarda ba. Zuwa shekarar 1920, akwai ma'aikata mata kimanin 1,500 kuma galibi suna yin rajista da bugawa. Ta yi aikin agaji a asibitin St Mary Abbots kuma ta wakilci Lady Margaret Hall a Jami'ar Mata Club da ke Landan - inda mata za su iya samun "ƙungiyar maza". <ref> name="ethel" </ref> Sykes ta mutu a wani gidan kula da tsofaffi a Hurstpierpoint kuma ta bar wani babban tarihi ga 'yan'uwa mata a Cocin Oxford Mission da ke cikin abin da yanzu ake kira Bangladesh. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} hl4tmgqb9xyk2ip8fgfvjyx888xgy0x 0 130609 827798 825994 2026-04-29T18:45:27Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 827798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Jonathan Joss Gonzales''' (22 ga Disamba, 1965 - 1 ga Yuni, 2025) ta kasance yar wasar kwaikwayo ce kuma mawaƙiyab ta asalin ƙasar [[Amurka]]. An fi saninsa da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Cif Ken Hotate a cikin Parks and Recreation da kuma samar da muryar John Redcorn a King of the Hill. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Joss a ranar 22 ga watan Disamban,shekara ta 1965, a [[San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]], <ref name="THR Obit">{{Cite web |last=Vlessing |first=Etan |date=June 2, 2025 |title=Jonathan Joss, 'King of the Hill' Voice Actor, Dies at 59 After Shooting |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/jonathan-joss-dead-king-of-the-hill-actor-murdered-1236235169/ |access-date=June 6, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> ga dangin Comanche da White Mountain Apache <ref name="Horton 2022">{{Cite web |last=Horton |first=Adrian |date=September 3, 2022 |title='It's a completely new day': the rise of Indigenous films and TV shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/sep/02/its-a-completely-new-day-the-rise-of-indigenous-films-and-tv-shows |access-date=January 5, 2024 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="Cruz 2016">{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Lenika |date=February 19, 2016 |title=The U.S. May Finally Get a TV Network for Native Americans |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/02/native-americans-television/463392/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105101153/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/02/native-americans-television/463392/ |archive-date=January 5, 2024 |access-date=January 5, 2024 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref><ref name="Corbiere 2019">{{Cite web |last=Corbiere |first=Keith |date=December 27, 2019 |title=The hilariously honest depictions of Indians in NBC's Parks and Recreation |url=https://anishinabeknews.ca/2019/12/27/the-hilariously-honest-depictions-of-indians-in-nbcs-parks-and-recreation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105095654/https://anishinabeknews.ca/2019/12/27/the-hilariously-honest-depictions-of-indians-in-nbcs-parks-and-recreation/ |archive-date=January 5, 2024 |access-date=January 5, 2024 |website=Anishinabek News}}</ref> Iyayensa sun mallaki kuma suna gudanar da gidan cin abinci na Mexico. Joss ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta McCollum, ya kammala acikin shekarar 1984. Ya shiga Jami'ar Jihar Texas-San Marcos (a lokacin Jami'ar Jiha ta Kudu maso Yammacin Texas), amma ya bar kafin ya kammala karatu. Joss daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin San Antonio, kafin ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Our Lady of the Lake tare da digiri a wasan kwaikwayo da magana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Acikin shekara ta 1994, ya bayyana a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Walker, Texas Ranger . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> Joss ya ba da muryar John Redcorn daga yanayi na 2 zuwa 13 na jerin shirye-shiryen King of the Hill, ya maye gurbin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na asali Victor Aaron bayan mutuwar Haruna a 1996. Ya kuma nuna rawar da Cif Ken Hotate ke takawa a cikin Parks and Recreation . <ref name="Corbiere 2019"/> Joss ya kasance mawaƙi, kuma ya yi a matsayin wani ɓangare na The Red Corn Band, ambaton halin da ya bayyana a King of the Hill . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, waɗanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayon Joss, marubutan King of the Hill sun gabatar da ƙungiyar almara ta Big Mountain Fudgecake, wanda halin Joss ke jagoranta.<ref name="ictnews">{{Cite web |last=Tahmahkera |first=Dustin |date=March 5, 2013 |title=Actor Jonathan Joss Talks 'Parks and Rec,' 'King of the Hill,' and His NAMA Nomination |url=http://ictnews.org/archive/actor-jonathan-joss-talks-parks-and-rec-king-of-the-hill-and-his-nama-nomination/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602212906/https://ictnews.org/archive/actor-jonathan-joss-talks-parks-and-rec-king-of-the-hill-and-his-nama-nomination/ |archive-date=June 2, 2025 |access-date=June 4, 2025 |website=[[Indian Country Today]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya yi aiki tare da Graywolf Blues Band a kan waƙoƙin "Boogey Man" da "Still No Good", waɗanda aka saki a cikin kundin Graywolf blues Band Dancing in the Rain . <ref name="ictnews" /> == Watanni na Ƙarshe == === Wutar gida === A ranar 23 ga watan Janairu, 2025, gidan Joss na [[San Antonio]] ya lalace a cikin wuta. A baya an lalata shi, kuma matsalolin lantarki sun sa Joss da mijinta su zauna a otal.<ref name="fire">{{Cite web |last=Parker |first=Kolten |date=January 23, 2025 |title='King of the Hill,' 'Parks and Rec' actor loses San Antonio home, dogs in fire |url=https://www.ksat.com/news/local/2025/01/23/jonathan-joss-king-of-the-hills-john-redcorn-loses-house-dogs-in-fire-in-san-antonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602162656/https://www.ksat.com/news/local/2025/01/23/jonathan-joss-king-of-the-hills-john-redcorn-loses-house-dogs-in-fire-in-san-antonio/ |archive-date=June 2, 2025 |access-date=June 2, 2025 |publisher=[[KSAT-TV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> Joss ya ce yana amfani da mai dumama propane kuma ya bar gidan. "Matsananci sun faru, mutum. Kuma laifin ni ne, ina tsammanin, ya bar wani abu", in ji Joss. "Ko kuma idan wani ya shigo ya yi wani abu, wanene ya sani?" <ref name="fire" /> Joss ya auri Tristan Kern de Gonzales a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> Ba a gayyaci Joss zuwa kwamiti Sarki na Hill wanda ke nuna wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daga wasan kwaikwayon a lokacin bikin ATX TV na 2025 a Austin, Texas ba.[1] A cikin wani sakon Facebook wanda daga baya aka share, ya ce ba a gayyace shi ya halarta ba.[2] Koyaya, ya bayyana a cikin masu sauraro a maimakon haka.[2] Joss ya tashi zuwa saitin makirufo don zaman Q&A inda ya gaya wa masu sauraro cewa gidansa ya ƙone kuma "saboda ni ɗan luwaɗi ne". Bayan haka, jami'an tsaro sun fitar da shi. == Bayanan da aka yi == * Red Corn Sessions (2004) <ref name="Music">{{Cite web |title=The Red Corn Band &#124; CD Baby |url=http://www.cdbaby.com/Artist/TheRedCornBand |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115093513/http://www.cdbaby.com/Artist/TheRedCornBand |archive-date=November 15, 2010 |access-date=October 12, 2009 |website=Cdbaby.com}}</ref> * Har yanzu Babu Kyau (2006) <ref name="Music" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] ===MANAZARTA=== k80xpubr4q3w5ul7mbuk6vlu4ow6ebz 827799 827798 2026-04-29T18:46:01Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 827799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Jonathan Joss Gonzales''' (22 ga Disamba, 1965 - 1 ga Yuni, 2025) ta kasance yar wasar kwaikwayo ce kuma mawaƙiyab ta asalin ƙasar [[Amurka]]. An fi saninsa da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Cif Ken Hotate a cikin Parks and Recreation da kuma samar da muryar John Redcorn a King of the Hill. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Joss a ranar 22 ga watan Disamban,shekara ta 1965, a [[San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]], <ref name="THR Obit">{{Cite web |last=Vlessing |first=Etan |date=June 2, 2025 |title=Jonathan Joss, 'King of the Hill' Voice Actor, Dies at 59 After Shooting |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/jonathan-joss-dead-king-of-the-hill-actor-murdered-1236235169/ |access-date=June 6, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> ga dangin Comanche da White Mountain Apache <ref name="Horton 2022">{{Cite web |last=Horton |first=Adrian |date=September 3, 2022 |title='It's a completely new day': the rise of Indigenous films and TV shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/sep/02/its-a-completely-new-day-the-rise-of-indigenous-films-and-tv-shows |access-date=January 5, 2024 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="Cruz 2016">{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Lenika |date=February 19, 2016 |title=The U.S. May Finally Get a TV Network for Native Americans |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/02/native-americans-television/463392/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105101153/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/02/native-americans-television/463392/ |archive-date=January 5, 2024 |access-date=January 5, 2024 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref><ref name="Corbiere 2019">{{Cite web |last=Corbiere |first=Keith |date=December 27, 2019 |title=The hilariously honest depictions of Indians in NBC's Parks and Recreation |url=https://anishinabeknews.ca/2019/12/27/the-hilariously-honest-depictions-of-indians-in-nbcs-parks-and-recreation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105095654/https://anishinabeknews.ca/2019/12/27/the-hilariously-honest-depictions-of-indians-in-nbcs-parks-and-recreation/ |archive-date=January 5, 2024 |access-date=January 5, 2024 |website=Anishinabek News}}</ref> Iyayensa sun mallaki kuma suna gudanar da gidan cin abinci na Mexico. Joss ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta McCollum, ya kammala acikin shekarar 1984. Ya shiga Jami'ar Jihar Texas-San Marcos (a lokacin Jami'ar Jiha ta Kudu maso Yammacin Texas), amma ya bar kafin ya kammala karatu. Joss daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin San Antonio, kafin ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Our Lady of the Lake tare da digiri a wasan kwaikwayo da magana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Acikin shekara ta 1994, ya bayyana a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Walker, Texas Ranger . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> Joss ya ba da muryar John Redcorn daga yanayi na 2 zuwa 13 na jerin shirye-shiryen King of the Hill, ya maye gurbin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na asali Victor Aaron bayan mutuwar Haruna a 1996. Ya kuma nuna rawar da Cif Ken Hotate ke takawa a cikin Parks and Recreation . <ref name="Corbiere 2019"/> Joss ya kasance mawaƙi, kuma ya yi a matsayin wani ɓangare na The Red Corn Band, ambaton halin da ya bayyana a King of the Hill . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, waɗanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayon Joss, marubutan King of the Hill sun gabatar da ƙungiyar almara ta Big Mountain Fudgecake, wanda halin Joss ke jagoranta.<ref name="ictnews">{{Cite web |last=Tahmahkera |first=Dustin |date=March 5, 2013 |title=Actor Jonathan Joss Talks 'Parks and Rec,' 'King of the Hill,' and His NAMA Nomination |url=http://ictnews.org/archive/actor-jonathan-joss-talks-parks-and-rec-king-of-the-hill-and-his-nama-nomination/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602212906/https://ictnews.org/archive/actor-jonathan-joss-talks-parks-and-rec-king-of-the-hill-and-his-nama-nomination/ |archive-date=June 2, 2025 |access-date=June 4, 2025 |website=[[Indian Country Today]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya yi aiki tare da Graywolf Blues Band a kan waƙoƙin "Boogey Man" da "Still No Good", waɗanda aka saki a cikin kundin Graywolf blues Band Dancing in the Rain . <ref name="ictnews" /> == Watanni na Ƙarshe == === Wutar gida === A ranar 23 ga watan Janairu,shekara ta 2025, gidan Joss na [[San Antonio]] ya lalace a cikin wuta. A baya an lalata shi, kuma matsalolin lantarki sun sa Joss da mijinta su zauna a otal.<ref name="fire">{{Cite web |last=Parker |first=Kolten |date=January 23, 2025 |title='King of the Hill,' 'Parks and Rec' actor loses San Antonio home, dogs in fire |url=https://www.ksat.com/news/local/2025/01/23/jonathan-joss-king-of-the-hills-john-redcorn-loses-house-dogs-in-fire-in-san-antonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602162656/https://www.ksat.com/news/local/2025/01/23/jonathan-joss-king-of-the-hills-john-redcorn-loses-house-dogs-in-fire-in-san-antonio/ |archive-date=June 2, 2025 |access-date=June 2, 2025 |publisher=[[KSAT-TV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> Joss ya ce yana amfani da mai dumama propane kuma ya bar gidan. "Matsananci sun faru, mutum. Kuma laifin ni ne, ina tsammanin, ya bar wani abu", in ji Joss. "Ko kuma idan wani ya shigo ya yi wani abu, wanene ya sani?" <ref name="fire" /> Joss ya auri Tristan Kern de Gonzales a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> Ba a gayyaci Joss zuwa kwamiti Sarki na Hill wanda ke nuna wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daga wasan kwaikwayon a lokacin bikin ATX TV na 2025 a Austin, Texas ba.[1] A cikin wani sakon Facebook wanda daga baya aka share, ya ce ba a gayyace shi ya halarta ba.[2] Koyaya, ya bayyana a cikin masu sauraro a maimakon haka.[2] Joss ya tashi zuwa saitin makirufo don zaman Q&A inda ya gaya wa masu sauraro cewa gidansa ya ƙone kuma "saboda ni ɗan luwaɗi ne". Bayan haka, jami'an tsaro sun fitar da shi. == Bayanan da aka yi == * Red Corn Sessions (2004) <ref name="Music">{{Cite web |title=The Red Corn Band &#124; CD Baby |url=http://www.cdbaby.com/Artist/TheRedCornBand |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115093513/http://www.cdbaby.com/Artist/TheRedCornBand |archive-date=November 15, 2010 |access-date=October 12, 2009 |website=Cdbaby.com}}</ref> * Har yanzu Babu Kyau (2006) <ref name="Music" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] ===MANAZARTA=== di500vm31q1shno05k5pi6q0toxi823 827800 827799 2026-04-29T18:47:01Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 827800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Jonathan Joss Gonzales''' (22 ga Disamba, 1965 - 1 ga Yuni, 2025) ta kasance yar wasar kwaikwayo ce kuma mawaƙiyab ta asalin ƙasar [[Amurka]]. An fi saninsa da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Cif Ken Hotate a cikin Parks and Recreation da kuma samar da muryar John Redcorn a King of the Hill. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Joss a ranar 22 ga watan Disamban,shekara ta 1965, a [[San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]], <ref name="THR Obit">{{Cite web |last=Vlessing |first=Etan |date=June 2, 2025 |title=Jonathan Joss, 'King of the Hill' Voice Actor, Dies at 59 After Shooting |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/jonathan-joss-dead-king-of-the-hill-actor-murdered-1236235169/ |access-date=June 6, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> ga dangin Comanche da White Mountain Apache <ref name="Horton 2022">{{Cite web |last=Horton |first=Adrian |date=September 3, 2022 |title='It's a completely new day': the rise of Indigenous films and TV shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/sep/02/its-a-completely-new-day-the-rise-of-indigenous-films-and-tv-shows |access-date=January 5, 2024 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="Cruz 2016">{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Lenika |date=February 19, 2016 |title=The U.S. May Finally Get a TV Network for Native Americans |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/02/native-americans-television/463392/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105101153/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/02/native-americans-television/463392/ |archive-date=January 5, 2024 |access-date=January 5, 2024 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref><ref name="Corbiere 2019">{{Cite web |last=Corbiere |first=Keith |date=December 27, 2019 |title=The hilariously honest depictions of Indians in NBC's Parks and Recreation |url=https://anishinabeknews.ca/2019/12/27/the-hilariously-honest-depictions-of-indians-in-nbcs-parks-and-recreation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105095654/https://anishinabeknews.ca/2019/12/27/the-hilariously-honest-depictions-of-indians-in-nbcs-parks-and-recreation/ |archive-date=January 5, 2024 |access-date=January 5, 2024 |website=Anishinabek News}}</ref> Iyayensa sun mallaki kuma suna gudanar da gidan cin abinci na Mexico. Joss ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta McCollum, ya kammala acikin shekarar 1984. Ya shiga Jami'ar Jihar Texas-San Marcos (a lokacin Jami'ar Jiha ta Kudu maso Yammacin Texas), amma ya bar kafin ya kammala karatu. Joss daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin San Antonio, kafin ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Our Lady of the Lake tare da digiri a wasan kwaikwayo da magana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Acikin shekara ta 1994, ya bayyana a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Walker, Texas Ranger . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> Joss ya ba da muryar John Redcorn daga yanayi na 2 zuwa 13 na jerin shirye-shiryen King of the Hill, ya maye gurbin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na asali Victor Aaron bayan mutuwar Haruna a 1996. Ya kuma nuna rawar da Cif Ken Hotate ke takawa a cikin Parks and Recreation . <ref name="Corbiere 2019"/> Joss ya kasance mawaƙi, kuma ya yi a matsayin wani ɓangare na The Red Corn Band, ambaton halin da ya bayyana a King of the Hill . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, waɗanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayon Joss, marubutan King of the Hill sun gabatar da ƙungiyar almara ta Big Mountain Fudgecake, wanda halin Joss ke jagoranta.<ref name="ictnews">{{Cite web |last=Tahmahkera |first=Dustin |date=March 5, 2013 |title=Actor Jonathan Joss Talks 'Parks and Rec,' 'King of the Hill,' and His NAMA Nomination |url=http://ictnews.org/archive/actor-jonathan-joss-talks-parks-and-rec-king-of-the-hill-and-his-nama-nomination/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602212906/https://ictnews.org/archive/actor-jonathan-joss-talks-parks-and-rec-king-of-the-hill-and-his-nama-nomination/ |archive-date=June 2, 2025 |access-date=June 4, 2025 |website=[[Indian Country Today]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya yi aiki tare da Graywolf Blues Band a kan waƙoƙin "Boogey Man" da "Still No Good", waɗanda aka saki a cikin kundin Graywolf blues Band Dancing in the Rain . <ref name="ictnews" /> == Watanni na Ƙarshe == === Wutar gida === A ranar 23 ga watan Janairu,shekara ta 2025, gidan Joss na [[San Antonio]] ya lalace a cikin wuta. A baya an lalata shi, kuma matsalolin lantarki sun sa Joss da mijinta su zauna a otal.<ref name="fire">{{Cite web |last=Parker |first=Kolten |date=January 23, 2025 |title='King of the Hill,' 'Parks and Rec' actor loses San Antonio home, dogs in fire |url=https://www.ksat.com/news/local/2025/01/23/jonathan-joss-king-of-the-hills-john-redcorn-loses-house-dogs-in-fire-in-san-antonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602162656/https://www.ksat.com/news/local/2025/01/23/jonathan-joss-king-of-the-hills-john-redcorn-loses-house-dogs-in-fire-in-san-antonio/ |archive-date=June 2, 2025 |access-date=June 2, 2025 |publisher=[[KSAT-TV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> Joss ya ce yana amfani da mai dumama propane kuma ya bar gidan. "Matsananci sun faru, mutum. Kuma laifin ni ne, ina tsammanin, ya bar wani abu", in ji Joss. "Ko kuma idan wani ya shigo ya yi wani abu, wanene ya sani?" <ref name="fire" /> Joss ya auri Tristan Kern de Gonzales a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu, 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> Ba a gayyaci Joss zuwa kwamiti Sarki na Hill wanda ke nuna wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daga wasan kwaikwayon a lokacin bikin ATX TV na 2025 a Austin, Texas ba.[1] A cikin wani sakon Facebook wanda daga baya aka share, ya ce ba a gayyace shi ya halarta ba.[2] Koyaya, ya bayyana a cikin masu sauraro a maimakon haka.[2] Joss ya tashi zuwa saitin makirufo don zaman Q&A inda ya gaya wa masu sauraro cewa gidansa ya ƙone kuma "saboda ni ɗan luwaɗi ne". Bayan haka, jami'an tsaro sun fitar da shi. == Bayanan da aka yi == * Red Corn Sessions (2004) <ref name="Music">{{Cite web |title=The Red Corn Band &#124; CD Baby |url=http://www.cdbaby.com/Artist/TheRedCornBand |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115093513/http://www.cdbaby.com/Artist/TheRedCornBand |archive-date=November 15, 2010 |access-date=October 12, 2009 |website=Cdbaby.com}}</ref> * Har yanzu Babu Kyau (2006) <ref name="Music" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] ===MANAZARTA=== 69jty7k7uak3vz4w0ekphdqhopcm194 827802 827800 2026-04-29T18:48:42Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 827802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Jonathan Joss Gonzales''' (22 ga Disamba, 1965 - 1 ga Yuni, 2025) ta kasance yar wasar kwaikwayo ce kuma mawaƙiyab ta asalin ƙasar [[Amurka]]. An fi saninsa da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Cif Ken Hotate a cikin Parks and Recreation da kuma samar da muryar John Redcorn a King of the Hill. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Joss a ranar 22 ga watan Disamban,shekara ta 1965, a [[San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]], <ref name="THR Obit">{{Cite web |last=Vlessing |first=Etan |date=June 2, 2025 |title=Jonathan Joss, 'King of the Hill' Voice Actor, Dies at 59 After Shooting |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/jonathan-joss-dead-king-of-the-hill-actor-murdered-1236235169/ |access-date=June 6, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> ga dangin Comanche da White Mountain Apache <ref name="Horton 2022">{{Cite web |last=Horton |first=Adrian |date=September 3, 2022 |title='It's a completely new day': the rise of Indigenous films and TV shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2022/sep/02/its-a-completely-new-day-the-rise-of-indigenous-films-and-tv-shows |access-date=January 5, 2024 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="Cruz 2016">{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Lenika |date=February 19, 2016 |title=The U.S. May Finally Get a TV Network for Native Americans |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/02/native-americans-television/463392/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105101153/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/02/native-americans-television/463392/ |archive-date=January 5, 2024 |access-date=January 5, 2024 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref><ref name="Corbiere 2019">{{Cite web |last=Corbiere |first=Keith |date=December 27, 2019 |title=The hilariously honest depictions of Indians in NBC's Parks and Recreation |url=https://anishinabeknews.ca/2019/12/27/the-hilariously-honest-depictions-of-indians-in-nbcs-parks-and-recreation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105095654/https://anishinabeknews.ca/2019/12/27/the-hilariously-honest-depictions-of-indians-in-nbcs-parks-and-recreation/ |archive-date=January 5, 2024 |access-date=January 5, 2024 |website=Anishinabek News}}</ref> Iyayensa sun mallaki kuma suna gudanar da gidan cin abinci na Mexico. Joss ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta McCollum, ya kammala acikin shekarar 1984. Ya shiga Jami'ar Jihar Texas-San Marcos (a lokacin Jami'ar Jiha ta Kudu maso Yammacin Texas), amma ya bar kafin ya kammala karatu. Joss daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin San Antonio, kafin ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Our Lady of the Lake tare da digiri a wasan kwaikwayo da magana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Acikin shekara ta 1994, ya bayyana a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Walker, Texas Ranger . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> Joss ya ba da muryar John Redcorn daga yanayi na 2 zuwa 13 na jerin shirye-shiryen King of the Hill, ya maye gurbin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na asali Victor Aaron bayan mutuwar Haruna a 1996. Ya kuma nuna rawar da Cif Ken Hotate ke takawa a cikin Parks and Recreation . <ref name="Corbiere 2019"/> Joss ya kasance mawaƙi, kuma ya yi a matsayin wani ɓangare na The Red Corn Band, ambaton halin da ya bayyana a King of the Hill . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> A cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya, waɗanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayon Joss, marubutan King of the Hill sun gabatar da ƙungiyar almara ta Big Mountain Fudgecake, wanda halin Joss ke jagoranta.<ref name="ictnews">{{Cite web |last=Tahmahkera |first=Dustin |date=March 5, 2013 |title=Actor Jonathan Joss Talks 'Parks and Rec,' 'King of the Hill,' and His NAMA Nomination |url=http://ictnews.org/archive/actor-jonathan-joss-talks-parks-and-rec-king-of-the-hill-and-his-nama-nomination/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602212906/https://ictnews.org/archive/actor-jonathan-joss-talks-parks-and-rec-king-of-the-hill-and-his-nama-nomination/ |archive-date=June 2, 2025 |access-date=June 4, 2025 |website=[[Indian Country Today]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya yi aiki tare da Graywolf Blues Band a kan waƙoƙin "Boogey Man" da "Still No Good", waɗanda aka saki a cikin kundin Graywolf blues Band Dancing in the Rain . <ref name="ictnews" /> == Watanni na Ƙarshe == === Wutar gida === A ranar 23 ga watan Janairu,shekara ta 2025, gidan Joss na [[San Antonio]] ya lalace a cikin wuta. A baya an lalata shi, kuma matsalolin lantarki sun sa Joss da mijinta su zauna a otal.<ref name="fire">{{Cite web |last=Parker |first=Kolten |date=January 23, 2025 |title='King of the Hill,' 'Parks and Rec' actor loses San Antonio home, dogs in fire |url=https://www.ksat.com/news/local/2025/01/23/jonathan-joss-king-of-the-hills-john-redcorn-loses-house-dogs-in-fire-in-san-antonio/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602162656/https://www.ksat.com/news/local/2025/01/23/jonathan-joss-king-of-the-hills-john-redcorn-loses-house-dogs-in-fire-in-san-antonio/ |archive-date=June 2, 2025 |access-date=June 2, 2025 |publisher=[[KSAT-TV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> Joss ya ce yana amfani da mai dumama propane kuma ya bar gidan. "Matsananci sun faru, mutum. Kuma laifin ni ne, ina tsammanin, ya bar wani abu", in ji Joss. "Ko kuma idan wani ya shigo ya yi wani abu, wanene ya sani?" <ref name="fire" /> Joss ya auri Tristan Kern de Gonzales a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairun,shekara ta 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Katherine |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Jonathan Joss Actor and OLLU Alumnus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215182838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65-RrqIYAc |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=December 11, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> Ba a gayyaci Joss zuwa kwamiti Sarki na Hill wanda ke nuna wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daga wasan kwaikwayon a lokacin bikin ATX TV na 2025 a Austin, Texas ba.[1] A cikin wani sakon Facebook wanda daga baya aka share, ya ce ba a gayyace shi ya halarta ba.[2] Koyaya, ya bayyana a cikin masu sauraro a maimakon haka.[2] Joss ya tashi zuwa saitin makirufo don zaman Q&A inda ya gaya wa masu sauraro cewa gidansa ya ƙone kuma "saboda ni ɗan luwaɗi ne". Bayan haka, jami'an tsaro sun fitar da shi. == Bayanan da aka yi == * Red Corn Sessions (2004) <ref name="Music">{{Cite web |title=The Red Corn Band &#124; CD Baby |url=http://www.cdbaby.com/Artist/TheRedCornBand |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115093513/http://www.cdbaby.com/Artist/TheRedCornBand |archive-date=November 15, 2010 |access-date=October 12, 2009 |website=Cdbaby.com}}</ref> * Har yanzu Babu Kyau (2006) <ref name="Music" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] ===MANAZARTA=== jg8uajpliztenbpau3v0g8uqgc2kdo4 0 130736 827823 813695 2026-04-29T20:16:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Juha_Sipilä_2015.JPG|right|thumb|Sipilä a cikin Vaasa, 2015]] '''Juha Petri Sipilä''' (pronunciation: [ˈjuhɑ ˈpetri ˈsipilæ]; an haife shi 25 Afrilu 1961) tsohon ɗan siyasan Finland ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin [[Firayim Minista na Finland]] daga 2015 zuwa 2019. Wani sabon dan siyasa ne, yana da nasarori a harkokin kasuwanci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kearney |first=Seamus |date=19 April 2015 |title=Opposition leader Juha Sipila wins elections in Finland |url=https://www.euronews.com/2015/04/19/opposition-leader-juha-sipila-wins-elections-in-finland |access-date=17 July 2020 |website=euronews |archive-date=20 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171220222055/http://www.euronews.com/2015/04/19/opposition-leader-juha-sipila-wins-elections-in-finland |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kasance shugaban jam'iyyar Center Party daga 2012 zuwa 2019. Bayan ya jagoranci jam'iyyar Cibiyar zuwa nasara a Babban zaben 2015, Sipilä ya kafa hadin gwiwa na tsakiya kuma Majalisar dokokin Finland ta nada shi Firayim Minista a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2015 |title=MPs vote Sipilä in as prime minister- result not unanimous |url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/mps_vote_sipila_in_as_prime_minister__result_not_unanimous/8025742 |publisher=YLE News}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2019, Sipilä ya bayyana niyyarsa ta yi murabus a matsayin Firayim Minista, yana mai ambaton matsaloli wajen sake fasalin Tsarin kiwon lafiya na Finland. Shugaba Sauli Niinistö ya nemi ya ci gaba da gwamnati mai kulawa har sai an nada sabon hadin gwiwar gwamnati a ranar 6 ga Yuni 2019 kuma [[Antti Rinne]] ya gaje shi.{{IPA|fi|ˈjuhɑ ˈpetri ˈsipilæ}}{{IPA|fi|ˈjuhɑ ˈpetri ˈsipilæ}}{{IPA|fi|ˈjuhɑ ˈpetri ˈsipilæ}}Finnish_IPA" id="mwEw" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/> == Ilimi da aikin soja == Sipilä ta kammala karatu daga Puolanka Luquio (makarantar sakandare ta Finland), ta kammala jarrabawar karatun tare da manyan maki a shekarar 1980. <ref name="Koskinen1">{{Cite web |last=Mika Koskinen |date=March 31, 2015 |title=Näin Juha Sipilä on muuttunut – katso lukio-, hää- ja lapsuuskuvat |url=http://www.iltasanomat.fi/vaalit2015/art-1427799759029.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403035604/http://www.iltasanomat.fi/vaalit2015/art-1427799759029.html |archive-date=April 3, 2015 |access-date=August 4, 2015 |website=Iltasanomat}}</ref> A shekara ta 1986 Sipilä ya sami Digiri na biyu a kimiyya (fasaha) daga Jami'ar Oulu . Sipilä tana da matsayin kyaftin a cikin ajiyar Sojojin Tsaro na Finland. == Kasuwanci == Sipilä ya kasance manajan darektan Solitra a 1992 kuma ya zama babban mai shi a 1994. Sipilä ya sayar da Solitra ga American ADC Telecommunications a cikin 1996, ya zama mai miliyoyin kudi daga kudaden da aka samu. Kasuwancin ADC Mersum Oy an sake siyar da shi ga Remec a shekara ta 2001. A shekara ta 1996, kudin shiga na Sipilä ya kasance mafi girma a Finland. A cewar ''Ilta-Sanomat'' ya kasance a cikin Kwamitin Daraktoci na kamfanoni 120. === Shirin Chempolis === Juha Sipilä ta kasance mai mallakar wani ɓangare a kamfanin farawa na Chempolis . Dangane da Shirin MOT (YLE) a cikin 2012, Chempolis ya sami Yuro miliyan 10 a cikin kudaden jama'a sama da shekaru 15 tare da ƙarin kudade daga Asusun Innovation na Finnish SITRA da kamfanin hada-hadar kudi na Finnvera. A cewar YLE TV News a cikin 2017, mafi yawan kamfanin makamashi na jihar Fortum ya ceci Chempolis daga fatarar kuɗi ta hanyar saka hannun jari na Yuro miliyan 6 a cikin kamfanin a watan Oktoba 2016. Bayan haka, yaran Sipilä sun mallaki 5% na kamfanin kuma Fortum 34%. Sipilä ta kasance a cikin iko da kamfanonin mallakar jihar ciki har da Fortum tun ƙarshen 2015. Firayim Ministocin Finland ba su da iko da kamfanonin gwamnati a baya. Firayim Minista Juha Sipilä ya yi kira ga Chempolis a Indiya a shekarar 2016. Chempolis ta fitar da sanarwar manema labarai game da hadin gwiwar ta tare da Numaligarh Refinery na Indiya don gina wani biorefinery a Arewa maso Gabashin Indiya (Assam) don samar da bioethanol bayan tarurruka tsakanin Firayim Minista Narendra Modi, Ministan Kudi na Indiya Arun Jaitley da Firayim Ministan Finland Juha Sipilä a ranar 12-14 ga Fabrairu 2016.[1] == Siyasa == Yayinda yake dalibi, Sipilä ya yi aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci a Cibiyar Matasa ta Finland, amma in ba haka ba ba shi da ƙwarewa a siyasar jam'iyya kafin a zabe shi a majalisar dokokin Finland a 2011 tare da kuri'u 5,543 na kansa.<ref name="Miska Rantanen 2012">{{Cite web |last=Miska Rantanen |date=2012 |title=PROFILE: Juha Sipilä |url=http://www.hs.fi/english/print/1329104294448 |access-date=28 June 2012 |publisher=Helsingin Sanomat}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, Sipilä ya sanar da takararsa don matsayin shugaban a taron jam'iyyar na lokacin rani. A ranar 9 ga Yuni, 2012, majalisar jam'iyyar ta zabe shi shugaban. Ya doke Tuomo Puumala a zagaye na biyu da kuri'un wakilai 1251 zuwa 872. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kearney |first=Seamus |date=19 April 2015 |title=Opposition leader Juha Sipila wins elections in Finland |url=https://www.euronews.com/2015/04/19/opposition-leader-juha-sipila-wins-elections-in-finland |access-date=17 July 2020 |website=euronews |archive-date=20 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171220222055/http://www.euronews.com/2015/04/19/opposition-leader-juha-sipila-wins-elections-in-finland |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sipilä ya jagoranci jam'iyyarsa zuwa nasara a zaben 2015, inda Jam'iyyar Tsakiya ta sami kujeru 14 idan aka kwatanta da zaben da ya gabata. Tare da kuri'u 30,758 na kansa shi ne dan takara mafi mashahuri a zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2015 |title=MPs vote Sipilä in as prime minister- result not unanimous |url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/mps_vote_sipila_in_as_prime_minister__result_not_unanimous/8025742 |publisher=YLE News}}</ref> Bayan zaben, an ba shi aikin kafa hadin gwiwar gwamnati; kuma a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Center Party, ya fara tattaunawa da Jam'iyyar Finns Party da National Coalition Party kuma ya kafa hadin gwiwa na jam'iyyun uku.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schaart |first1=Eline |date=8 March 2019 |title=Finland's government collapses over failed health care reform - PM Juha Sipilä resigns. |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/finlands-government-collapses-over-failed-health-care-reform/ |access-date=8 March 2019 |publisher=Politico SPRL |agency=Politico}}</ref> == Ofisoshin == * Ma'aikatar Sipilä == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f2dj0es7jkts9y6yt9phpzjaseablls 0 131426 827874 769845 2026-04-29T23:43:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Hukumar Digital (位置庁, Dejitaru-chō) hukuma ce ta Gwamnatin Japan da aka kafa a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2021, da nufin karfafa dijital a Japan.<ref name="nhk_20210901">{{Cite web |date=2021-09-01 |title=Japan launches digital agency to upgrade IT system |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20210901_14/ |access-date=2021-09-01 |website=[[NHK World-Japan|NHK WORLD-JAPAN]] |quote=Japan launched a new agency on Wednesday to upgrade and overhaul the country's digital systems.}}</ref> Taken shi ne "Gwamnati a matsayin Farawa". <ref name="Pamphlet">{{Cite web |date=2021-06-04 |title=Digital Agency Office Work Introduction Pamphlet 2021 Edition |url=https://cio.go.jp/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/saiyo_newgraduates_panf_20210603.pdf |access-date=2021-08-25 |website=Digital Agency (in preparation) |language=ja |archive-date=2021-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130184711/https://cio.go.jp/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/saiyo_newgraduates_panf_20210603.pdf |url-status=dead }} same as below</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Ko da kafin a zartar da dokar kafa Hukumar Digital, Ofishin Fasahar Bayanai na Sakatariyar Ma'aikatar (IT) da Ofishin Tsaro na Jama'a da Ofishin Gudanar da Lambar Haraji sun kasance masu aiki a fannonin su. Ma'aikatar Yoshihide Suga ta kafa manufofin alama na inganta dijital ta hanyar kafa sabuwar Hukumar Digital da kuma kawar da ayyukan gudanarwa da aka raba a tsaye. Hukumar Digital tana da alhakin filin IT don manufar inganta IT da DX (canjin dijital) na gwamnatocin ƙasa da na gida. Bugu da kari, kimanin 130 daga cikin kimanin ma'aikata 600 a lokacin rantsar da su an nada su ne daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu kamar kamfanonin IT. An nada Takuya Hirai a matsayin Ministan dijital na farko, kuma an nada Yoko Ishikura, farfesa a Jami'ar Hitotsubashi, a matsayin Babban Jami'in Digital na farko. An nada Karen Makishima a matsayin Minista a cikin majalisar ministoci ta gaba. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, an ruwaito cewa Yoko Ishikura za ta sauka a matsayin shugaban Hukumar Digital saboda matsalolin kiwon lafiya. Har yanzu ba a zabi wanda zai maye gurbin Ishikura ba amma gwamnati na shirin yin la'akari da zabar wani daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Takashi Asanuma ya maye gurbin Ishikura.<ref>{{Cite web |title=デジタル庁事務方トップに浅沼尚氏 石倉氏後任、同庁CDO |url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20220426/k00/00m/010/038000c |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=毎日新聞 |language=ja}}</ref> == Babban aikin == * Tsarin bayanai na gwamnati na kasa <ref name="Pamphlet"/> ** Cire mummunan tasirin gwamnati da aka raba a tsaye, inganta hadewa da hadewar tsarin bayanai na gwamnati, da sauƙaƙe hadin gwiwa tare da tsarin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu * Kayan aikin dijital na kowa ga dukkan yankuna ** daidaita tsarin bayanai na kananan hukumomi <ref name="nhk_20210901"/> * Lamba ta Mutum (Tsaron Jama'a da Tsarin Haraji na Lamba) Samun al'umma inda mutane za su iya aiwatar da hanyoyin gudanarwa a kan layi ta hanyar amfani da Lamba ta Ɗaya Majalisar Suga ta himmatu ga samun dukkan 'yan ƙasa su mallaki katin tantancewa na Lamba ta mutum a ƙarshen 2022. ** Samun al'umma inda mutane za su iya aiwatar da hanyoyin gudanarwa a kan layi ta hanyar tsayawa daya ta hanyar amfani da Lambar MutumAdadin mutum ** Ma'aikatar Suga ta himmatu ga samun dukkan 'yan ƙasa su mallaki katin shaida na mutum a ƙarshen 2022. * Yankin "Semi-public" ** Inganta fasahar dijital a fannonin da ke da alaƙa da rayuwar yau da kullun kamar kula da lafiya, ilimi, da rigakafin bala'i <ref name="nhk_20210901" /> * Amfani da bayanai Ci gaban "masu rajista" wanda ke aiki a matsayin bayanai na asali ga al'umma Nasarar hanyoyin gudanarwa "sau ɗaya kawai" (ka'idar cewa bayanin da aka aika ba ya buƙatar yin fushi) ** Ci gaban "masu rajista" wanda ke aiki a matsayin bayanan asali ga al'umma ** Samun hanyoyin gudanarwa "sau ɗaya kawai" (ka'idar cewa bayanin da aka aika ba ya buƙatar yin fushi) == Rashin amincewa == === Nishaɗi na shugabannin NTT === Bayan Takuya Hirai ya zama Ministan Digital na farko, an ruwaito cewa Hirai ana zarginsa da zama mai nishadantarwa ta kamfanin Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) Shugaba Jun Sawada sau biyu, a ranar 2 ga Oktoba da 4 ga Disamba, 2020. <ref>{{cite news |date=2021-06-21 |title=New digital agency's move to set up in high-end Tokyo complex sparks controversy |url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20210619/p2a/00m/0na/016000c |access-date=2021-08-24 |work=[[The Mainichi]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ay84q860rwmq3s08lodmiu7dld56iby 0 135329 827937 792282 2026-04-30T08:46:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827937 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} () rawa ce ta gargajiya da ta samo asali ne daga tsaunukan Armenia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Kochari |url=https://www.bennettpilgrimages.org/kochari/ |access-date=11 December 2023 |publisher=Bennet Pilgrimages |archive-date=11 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211045507/https://www.bennettpilgrimages.org/kochari/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Armeniyawa ne ke yin sa a yau, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Elia |first=Anthony J. |year=2013 |title=Kochari (Old Armenian Folk Tune) for Solo Piano |url=http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:160871 |access-date=6 November 2013 |publisher=[[Center for Digital Research and Scholarship]] at [[Columbia University]] |doi=10.7916/D8S75QNP |doi-access=free}}</ref> yayin da Assuriyawa, <ref>{{Cite web |last=BetBasoo |first=Peter Pnuel |date=30 April 2003 |title=Thirty Assyrian Folk Dances |url=http://www.aina.org/articles/tafd.pdf |access-date=6 November 2013 |publisher=Assyrian International News Agency}}</ref> Azerbaijani, <ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |title=Yalli (Kochari, Tenzere), traditional group dances of Nakhchivan - intangible heritage - Culture Sector - UNESCO |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/USL/yalli-kochari-tenzere-traditional-group-dances-of-nakhchivan-01190?USL=01190 |access-date=2018-11-29 |website=ich.unesco.org |language=en}}</ref> da Pontic Helenawa ke yin bambance-bambance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kotsari |url=http://www.pontian.info/dance/kotsari.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016041345/http://www.pontian.info/dance/kotsari.htm |archive-date=16 October 2012 |access-date=6 November 2013 |publisher=Pontian.info}}</ref> Wani nau'i ne na rawa na zagaye. Kowane yanki a cikin tsaunukan Armenia yana da nasa Kochari, tare da hanyarsa ta musamman ta rawa da kiɗa. == Magana == * In Armenian, "Kochari" literally means "knee-come". Գուճ (gudj or goudj) means "knee" and արի (ari) means "come". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2023)">page<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> * In Azerbaijani Turkish, "köç" means "to move" used both as a verb and as a noun,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elia |first=Anthony J. |year=2013 |title=Kochari (Old Armenian Folk Tune) for Solo Piano |url=http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:160871 |access-date=6 November 2013 |publisher=[[Center for Digital Research and Scholarship]] at [[Columbia University]] |doi=10.7916/D8S75QNP |doi-access=free}}</ref> with the latter used more in the context of nomads' travelling. "Köçəri" is also both an adjective and a noun, meaning a "nomad" and "nomadic" simultaneously.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> * In Pontic Greek, from the Greek "κότσι" (in Pontic Greek "κοτς") meaning "heel" (from Medieval Greek "κόττιον" meaning the same) and "αίρω" meaning "raise", all together "raising the heel", since the Greeks consider the heel to be the main part of the foot which the dancer uses.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Fassara == John Blacking ya bayyana Kochari kamar haka: {{Cquote|Group dancing, when dancers imitate jumping goats, is known as kochari. Dancers stand abreast, holding each other's hands, The tempo of the dance ranges from moderate to fast. Squatting and butting an imagined opponent are followed by high jumps.<ref>{{cite book|last=Blacking|first=John|title=The Performing Arts: Music and Dance|year=1979|page=71|publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-90-279-7870-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKs16WBAaiIC&q=kochari+dance}}</ref>}} === Armeniya === [[Fayil:A_part_of_Kochari_dance_sheet_music.svg|thumb|Wani bangare na Armenian kochari]] Armeniyawa sun kasance suna rawa Kochari sama da shekaru dubu. Maza da mata ne ke rawa kuma an yi niyyar tsoratar da shi. Ƙarin siffofin zamani na Kochari sun kara da "mataki na tremolo", wanda ya haɗa da girgiza dukan jiki. Ya bazu zuwa gabashin Armenia bayan [[Armenian genocide|Kisan kare dangi na Armeniya]]. An haɗa Kochari na Armeniya a cikin Jerin Al'adun Al'adu marasa Ganuwa da ke Bukatar Tsaro na Gaggawa na [[UNESCO]] a cikin 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elia |first=Anthony J. |year=2013 |title=Kochari (Old Armenian Folk Tune) for Solo Piano |url=http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:160871 |access-date=6 November 2013 |publisher=[[Center for Digital Research and Scholarship]] at [[Columbia University]] |doi=10.7916/D8S75QNP |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Azerbaijani === A yau ana yin wannan rawa a ƙasar Nakhchivan wanda Sharur, Sadarak, Kangarli, Julfa da Shahbuz yankuna suka hada da al'adun gargajiya kuma ana yin sa a bukukuwan aure.[1] Kochari tare da tenzere an haɗa su cikin jerin abubuwan Al'adu marasa ganuwa da ke buƙatar Tsaro na gaggawa na UNESCO a watan Nuwamba 2018 a matsayin nau'ikan rawa na Yalli.[2][3] === Girkanci na Pontic Kόtsari === Helenawa da Armeniyawa suna da raye-raye masu yawa irin su Kochari . Ba kamar yawancin raye-raye na Pontic ba, Kotsari yana cikin sautin ko da shi (24), an fara rawa ne a cikin wani da'irar da aka rufe.<ref name="pontos world">{{Cite web |date=10 November 2019 |title=Kotchari |url=https://pontosworld.com/index.php/music/dances/585-kotchari |website=Pontos World}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d57hg61ojfctnw7b8pqu3ynm24eyak8 0 136226 827816 779291 2026-04-29T19:58:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Juanita Suazo Dubray''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1930) wacce aka fi sani da Juanita DuBray, kwararren mai yin tukwane ne ɗan asalin Amurka daga Taos Pueblo, [[New Mexico]] . Tana zaune a Taos Pueblo har tsawon rayuwarta kuma ta fito ne daga zuriyar mutanen Taos Pueblo marasa karyewa. Mahaifiyarta Tonita ta yi tukwanen gargajiya na micaceous don amfanin amfani. Ta fara sha'awar al'adar tukwanen micaceous a shekara ta 1980 bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren ma'aikacin magunguna. Ta fara yin tukwanen mayya tun tana da shekaru 50 da ƙarfafa gwiwa daga maƙwabciyarta wadda ta ba ta yumbu. Lokacin da ta fara yin tukwanen mayya, ta yi tukwanen mayya na musamman ta amfani da zane-zane da alamomi daban-daban na da. Daga ƙarshe ta fara amfani da ƙira da alamomi na zamani a kan tukwanen ta, tana yin su daga yumbun mayya da fari. Ta ƙara wani sinadari na sassaka, tana samar da guntu-guntu da yawa tare da gumakan masara, kunkuru, ƙadangaru, da matattakalar kiva a cikin sauƙi. Tsarin masararta na asali ya zama alamarta da aka fi sani. Hakanan sau da yawa tana haɗa da kayan ado na gargajiya na igiya, gefuna masu ban sha'awa na kayan aiki da madauri a kan tukwanen ta. Juanita ta kuma samar da abubuwa masu sassaka waɗanda suka haɗa da yanayin haihuwar <ref name="dayton">{{Cite web |title=Pueblo Nativities from New Mexico |url=https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/c/creche-collection-of-the-marian-library/creches-usa-pueblo.php |access-date=20 December 2020 |publisher=University of Dayton}}</ref> da 'yan tsana masu ba da labari . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Juanita Dubray, John Suazo's mother, with one of her storyteller dolls. |url=https://nmdigital.unm.edu/digital/collection/NWood/id/162/ |access-date=20 December 2020 |publisher=New Mexico Digital Collections, University of New Mexico}}</ref> A matsayinta na mai tukwane mai koyar da kanta, Juanita ta yi ƙoƙari sosai wajen ƙwarewa wajen yin tukwanen gargajiya na micaceous, waɗanda kyawawan ayyukan fasaha ne. Ta halarci nune-nune da nune-nune da yawa, ciki har da Kasuwar Indiya ta Santa Fe, Kasuwar Indiya ta Denver, San Ildefonso da San Juan Pueblo Kasuwannin Indiya ta Arewa da sauransu. A shekarar 1988 ta sami matsayi na farko a Kasuwar Indiya ta Arewa ta San Ildefonso. A shekarar 1994 , Makarantar Bincike ta Amurka ta naɗa ta a matsayin Babbar Mai Tukwane kuma an gayyace ta ta halarci taron ƙungiyar masu fasahar tukwane na Micaceous. [1] Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun masu tukwane na micaceous goma da za su halarta. A watan Yunin 2004, ta kuma koyar da wani bita a Makarantar Fasaha ta Taos kan yin tukwanen gargajiya na Taos Pueblo micaceous. == Tarin abubuwa == Aikin Dubray yana cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Millicent Rogers, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Juanita Dubray, John Suazo's mother, with one of her storyteller dolls. |url=https://nmdigital.unm.edu/digital/collection/NWood/id/162/ |access-date=20 December 2020 |publisher=New Mexico Digital Collections, University of New Mexico}}</ref> tarin Samuel Poliakoff na Fasaha ta Yamma a Tsarin Laburare na Gundumar Abbeville, Abbeville, SC, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Juanita Dubray, John Suazo's mother, with one of her storyteller dolls. |url=https://nmdigital.unm.edu/digital/collection/NWood/id/162/ |access-date=20 December 2020 |publisher=New Mexico Digital Collections, University of New Mexico}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Holmes na Anthropology a Jami'ar Wichita, <ref name="Holmes collection">{{Cite web |title=The Morgan Collection of Southwest Pottery |url=https://soar.wichita.edu/bitstream/handle/10057/128/Morgan+Collection.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=20 December 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> da kuma tarin Crèche na Jami'ar Dayton Marian Library. <ref name="dayton"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930]] 6f0tsgirgm67dzokb3yjoeo2kfrw207 0 137899 827905 782348 2026-04-30T06:19:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kie Kitano (北乃 きい, Kitano Kii; an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1991) <ref name="basicprofile">{{Cite web |script-title=ja:北乃きい（女優）のプロフィール |url=http://talent.yahoo.co.jp/talent/7/w06-0041.html |access-date=November 7, 2008 |publisher=Yahoo! Japan |language=Japanese |archive-date=December 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223204657/http://talent.yahoo.co.jp/talent/7/w06-0041.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Japan. == Ayyuka == An haifi Kitano ne a yankin Kanagawa, kuma tsohuwar memba ce ta ƙungiyar 'yan mata masu daraja Miss Magazine . A shekara ta 2005, Kitano ta lashe kyautar Miss Magazine, [1] ta zama mafi ƙanƙanta (shekara 14) don karɓar wannan kyautar. A shekara ta 2007, an zabi Kitano a karo na farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Life . Don nuna halayenta yadda ya kamata, Kitano ta adana kuma ta sayi kowane kundin manga wanda wasan kwaikwayon ya dogara. Tare da Happy Dining Table, ta lashe lambar yabo ta 31 ta Japan Academy a cikin sabon Actor category.[2][3] A watan Fabrairun 2008, ta kuma lashe bikin fina-finai na 29 na Yokohama tare da wannan fim din.[3] Bayan ta yi aiki a Life da Kofuku no Shokutaku, an zaba ta don bayyana a cikin bidiyon gabatarwa don ɗayan da Little ya fitar a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2007. Tsakanin Disamba 2007 da Janairu 2008, an zaba ta a matsayin manajan murna na uku na gasar kwallon kafa ta makarantar sakandare ta Japan, bayan Maki Horikita da Yui Aragaki . An zabi ta ne don Kyautar Mataimakin Mataimakin a bikin fina-finai na Milano a shekarar 2014 saboda kyawawan halayenta na mataimakin mai samar da kiɗa a cikin "The Tenor Lirico Spinto . " == Hotunan fina-finai == === Wasanni === * ''14 Sai no Haha'' (2006) <ref name="basicprofile"/> * ''Junjo Kirari'' (2006) <ref name="basicprofile" /> * ''Rayuwa'' (2007) <ref name="basicprofile" /> * ''Taiyo zuwa Umi no Kyoshitsu'' (2008) * ''Nagareboshi'' (2010) * Kuna Kame's Cicada (2010) * ''Wurin wanka ba tare da Kamisama ba'' (2011) * Makarantar (2011) * Cleopatra Ladies -Ƙaunar Har abada don Kyau (2012) * ''Gintama Mitsuba Arc'' (2017), Mitsuba * ''Konuka Ame'' (2017), Osumi * ''Natsuzora'' (2019) * ''Ƙone Gidan'' (2023), Kurea <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflixシリーズ「御手洗家、炎上する」新キャストに工藤阿須加、中川大志、恒松祐里ら |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/524092 |access-date=May 11, 2023 |website=Natalie}}</ref> === Fim din === * ''Yubisaki kara Sekai wo'' (2006) <ref name="basicprofile"/> * ''Tebur mai Farin Ciki'' (2007) - mai gabatarwa <ref name="basicprofile" /> * Speed Master (2007) <ref name="basicprofile" /> * ''Spider-Man 3'' (2007) - Mary Jane Watson (murya ga Kirsten Dunst) * ''GeGeGe no Kitaro Sennen Noroi Uta'' (2008) a matsayin Kaede Hiramoto <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflixシリーズ「御手洗家、炎上する」新キャストに工藤阿須加、中川大志、恒松祐里ら |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/524092 |access-date=May 11, 2023 |website=Natalie}}</ref> * Love Fight (2008) - mai gabatarwa <ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:腹筋割れとるで～！北乃きいがボクシング特訓でムキムキ変身 |url=http://www.sanspo.com/geino/top/gt200804/gt2008040310.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404134237/http://www.sanspo.com/geino/top/gt200804/gt2008040310.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=April 4, 2008 |access-date=April 2, 2008 |publisher=Sankei Sports |language=Japanese}}</ref> * Postman (2008) <ref name="basicprofile" /> * Half Way (2009) * Pokémon: Arceus da Jewel of Life - Sheena (murya, 2009) * ''Bandage'' (2010) * ''Bushido Goma sha shida'' (2010) * ''Labarin Tokyo'' (2013) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Autobiographical Tokyo Story Comic To Become A Live Action Movie |url=http://japanverse.com/2013/03/autobiographical-tokyo-story-comic-to-become-a-live-action-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411043828/http://japanverse.com/2013/03/autobiographical-tokyo-story-comic-to-become-a-live-action-movie/ |archive-date=April 11, 2013 |access-date=March 23, 2013 |publisher=Japanverse}}</ref> * ''Jōkyō Monogatari'' (2013) <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 22, 2013 |title=Rieko Saibara's Jōkyō Monogatari Manga Gets Live-Action Film |url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-03-22/rieko-saibara-jokyo-monogatari-manga-gets-live-action-film |access-date=March 27, 2013 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> * ''Tenor Lirico Spinto'' (2014) * ''Ba ni da Abokai da yawa'' (2014) * Malami da Barkace (2015) * Tap The Last Show (2017) * Sengoku Girl da Kendō Boy (2020) * ''Oshorin'' (2023) <ref>{{Cite web |title=映画「おしょりん」制作開始を発表 福井の眼鏡産業黎明期描く |url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20220127/k00/00m/040/156000c |access-date=January 31, 2022 |website=Mainichi Shimbun}}</ref> * Teppen no Ken (2024) <ref>{{Cite web |title=北乃きい＆本郷奏多が剣道映画「てっぺんの剣」でW主演、ロケ地・大分で先行公開 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/584695 |access-date=3 August 2024 |website=Natalie}}</ref> === Littattafan hoto === * ''Mataki na Farko'' (2007) <ref name="basicprofile"/> * Kitano Moyō (2008) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflixシリーズ「御手洗家、炎上する」新キャストに工藤阿須加、中川大志、恒松祐里ら |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/524092 |access-date=May 11, 2023 |website=Natalie}}</ref> === Bidiyo na talla === * "Zan iya Ganin A bayyane Yanzu" na Beat Crusaders (2005) * "Pink Candy - fim din-" na Kotaro Oshio (2007) * "Yume no Sei" (夢の 生) by Little (2007) * "Kibō no Uta/Kaze" (soyayyaの__ilo____ilo____ilo__/風) by Funky Monkey Babys (2008) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflixシリーズ「御手洗家、炎上する」新キャストに工藤阿須加、中川大志、恒松祐里ら |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/524092 |access-date=May 11, 2023 |website=Natalie}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4u5n1omlgdmcw74lb7hocwhupwiki4y 0 138536 827797 825997 2026-04-29T18:43:49Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 827797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nicole Lapin''' (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Maris, acikin shekara ta 1984) 'yar Amurka ce mai gabatar da labarai a talabijin, marubuciya, kuma 'yar kasuwa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da labarai a CNBC, [[CNN]] da Bloomberg . Lapin ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin wakilin kuɗi ga ''Morning Joe'' a MSNBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga ''The Today Show'' a [[NBC]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> Ita ce marubucin littafin ''Rich Bitch'', ''Boss Bitch'' da kuma ''Becoming Super Woman'', wanda ya bayyana a jerin littattafan ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'' Best Seller. <ref name="Mediabistro">{{Cite web |title=Harlequin Signs Nicole Lapin for Rich Bitch |url=https://www.mediabistro.com/galleycat/harlequin-signs-nicole-lapin-for-rich-bitch_b81505 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409002108/https://www.mediabistro.com/galleycat/harlequin-signs-nicole-lapin-for-rich-bitch_b81505 |archive-date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=April 7, 2014 }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. </cite></ref> <ref name="adweek.com">{{Cite web |date=December 14, 2015 |title=Rich Bitch Author Inks Second Book Deal |url=http://www.adweek.com/galleycat/rich-bitch-author-inks-second-book-deal/113726 |access-date=January 19, 2016 |website=www.adweek.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.adweek.com/galleycat/rich-bitch-author-inks-second-book-deal/113726 "Rich Bitch Author Inks Second Book Deal"]. </cite></ref> An fitar da littafinta na huɗu, ''Miss Independent'', a shekarar 2022 kuma ya fito a jerin littattafan ''The Wall Street Journal'' mafi sayarwa a cikin rukunin "Hardcover Business". Lapin ta haɗu da shirya shirin gasar kasuwanci ''mai suna Hatched'' tare da Carter Reum a The CW Network, wanda ake watsawa a safiyar Asabar na tsawon yanayi biyu. <ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |title=Hatched – One Magnificent Morning |url=http://www.onemagnificentmorning.com/programs/hatched/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707090156/http://www.onemagnificentmorning.com/programs/hatched/ |archive-date=July 7, 2016 |access-date=July 23, 2016 }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. </cite></ref> <ref name="hatchedtv.com">{{Cite web |title=Hatched – Accelerating Consumer Brands Across America |url=http://hatchedtv.com/ |access-date=April 21, 2018 |website=hatchedtv.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://hatchedtv.com/ "Hatched – Accelerating Consumer Brands Across America"]. </cite></ref> Ta kuma fito a shirye-shirye kamar ''Good Morning America'', <ref name="GMA">{{Cite web |last=ABC News |date=August 3, 2012 |title=ABC "At Work with Tory Johnson" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuNI7xtMVhI |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425122421/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuNI7xtMVhI&feature=player_embedded |archive-date=2025-04-25 |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=2026-01-14 }}</ref> [[CNN]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> ''Entertainment Tonight'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> The Kelly Clarkson Show, The Tamron Hall Show, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> da The Drew Barrymore Show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Access Hollywood Live |title=Nicole Lapin's Tips to Giving Kids an Allowance |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeHV2bWVfdY |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322042005/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeHV2bWVfdY |archive-date=2014-03-22 |website=[[YouTube]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAccess_Hollywood_Live">Access Hollywood Live. </cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, ta ƙaddamar da Money News Network (MNN), wata hanyar sadarwa ta podcast da ta mayar da hankali kan kasuwanci da kuɗi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Littleton |first=Cynthia |date=2023-02-27 |title='Money Rehab' Podcaster Nicole Lapin Launches Money News Network |url=https://variety.com/2023/biz/news/nicole-lapin-money-rehab-news-network-nely-galan-1235536048/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> Tana ɗaukar nauyin shirin yau da kullun na "Money Rehab with Nicole Lapin" kuma tana ɗaukar nauyin shirin "Help Wanted" tare da babban editan Entrepreneur Jason Feifer . <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lapin kuma ta girma a [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]], ga masanin kimiyya kuma sarauniyar kyau, dukkansu 'yan asalin [[Yahudanci|Yahudawa]] ne. Sha'awarta ga aikin jarida ta taso ne yayin da take kallon labaran [[CNN]] game da Yaƙin Gulf, wani aiki da iyayenta suka fara takaitawa saboda abin da suka ɗauka a matsayin rashin tausayi da tashin hankali. Yayin da take makarantar sakandare, Lapin ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da labarai a wani gidan talabijin na talabijin mai amfani da jama'a . Tana da shekaru 15, ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen rubutu a Harvard. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> Lapin ta kammala karatunta a matsayin mai digiri na uku a fannin aikin jarida daga Makarantar Medill ta Aikin Jarida a Jami'ar Northwestern, inda ta kuma yi karatun digiri a [[Kimiyyar siyasa|fannin kimiyyar siyasa]] . <ref name="wired">{{Cite web |last=Eric Steuer |date=June 26, 2007 |title=CNN.com's Nicole Lapin Talks Up Citizen Journalists |url=https://www.wired.com/techbiz/people/magazine/15-07/st_cnn |access-date=February 23, 2008 |publisher=Wired}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> An bayyana ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin ɗaliban da suka kammala karatunsu. Ta kuma yi karatun siyasa a Tarayyar Turai a ''L'Institut d'études politiques de Paris'' . <ref name="Nicole Lapin" /> == Sana'a == Lapin ta fara aikinta a matsayin wakiliya a tashoshin CBS a [[South Dakota]] da [[Kentucky]] . Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na "I-Team" na KPSP-LP a Palm Springs, California . <ref name="atlantan" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> A lokacin da take wannan tashar, ta ba da rahoto kai tsaye daga gidan yarin San Quentin a lokacin da aka kashe Stanley Williams . <ref name="atlantan" /> Lapin ta kuma ba da rahoto daga bene na cibiyar sadarwa ta Chicago Mercantile Exchange for the ''First Business'' a Chicago. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> Ta shiga CNN a shekarar 2005 kuma tana cikin matasan da suka kafa cibiyar sadarwa a wancan lokacin. <ref name="wired"/> A CNN ta kafa cibiyar watsa labarai game da abubuwan da suka faru kamar kisan kiyashin Virginia Tech, rikicin Isra'ila da Hezbollah, da kuma zaben shugaban kasa na 2008. Acikin shekarar 2009, Lapin ta ba da rahoto game da wurin da take a Los Angeles yayin bikin tunawa da [[Michael Jackson]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> Ta gudanar da hirarraki ciki har da ganawa da Gwamna [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] a lokacin rikicin kasafin kudi na California. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> Tana cikin wadanda suka kafa cibiyar CNN Live, kuma tana fitowa akai-akai a CNN Headline News, [[CNN]], da CNN International . <ref name="wired" /> Lapin ta shiga CNBC a watan Janairun 2010 a matsayin mai gabatar da shirye-shirye a Worldwide Exchange da ke New York, tana aiki tare da Ross Westgate na CNBC Turai da Christine Tan na CNBC Asia . A watan Yunin 2010, ta ƙara ayyukan haɗin gwiwa a Rahoton Kudlow daga ƙarfe 7-8 na yamma na EST. A CNBC ta yi hira da shugabannin kamfanoni kuma ta rufe motsin kasuwa, gami da bayar da kyaututtukan jama'a na farko da ayyukan kafin kasuwa. Lapin ta yi aiki daga Washington, DC, yayin tattaunawar kasafin kuɗin Amurka na 2011 kuma ta samar da rahotanni kan batutuwan kuɗi na jiha. Ta shirya wani shiri kan ƙalubalen kuɗi na jiha mai taken "Jihohin Ciwo" kuma ta ba da rahoto kan batutuwa kamar yanayin masana'antu na cikin gida. Ta ba da gudummawa a shafi na yau da kullun akan CNBC.com kuma ta rubuta game da wasu jarin da suka bayyana a wasu kantuna, ciki har da USA Today . Yayin da take ba da gudummawa ga NBC, Lapin ta ba da rahoto game da kuɗaɗen kai na Today kuma ta ba da sabuntawar kasuwanci ta yau da kullun kan Morning Joe da MSNBC . Ta kuma ba da gudummawar sassan kasuwanci ga rassan NBC ciki har da KNBC da WNBC, kuma ta samar da rahotannin kasuwanci don shirin "Morning Drive" na The Golf Channel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2012, Lapin ta shiga Bloomberg Television a matsayin mai gabatar da shirye-shirye kuma [[Ɗan jarida|wakili na musamman]] . A Bloomberg ta gabatar da shirin "Bloomberg West" kuma ta yi bayani kan batutuwan fasaha da kasuwanci, tana yin hira da shugabannin kamfanoni kamar LinkedIn da Zappos . <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> Ta kuma yi bayani kan aikace-aikacen fasaha a wasanni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, an nada Lapin a matsayin wakili na musamman wanda ya mai da hankali kan harkokin nishaɗi ga ''omg!'' ''Insider'' and ''Entertainment Tonight'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin da ke adana kuɗi ga ''The Wendy Williams Show'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> Lapin ta kafa wani kamfanin samar da kayayyaki wanda ya ƙirƙiri shafin labarai na kuɗi na Recessionista, wanda aka daidaita shi azaman shiri a Ora TV . <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> Ta sanar da wani shiri na AOL Originals mai taken ''I'll Never Forget My First'', wanda ta dauki nauyinsa kuma ta shirya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> Kamfaninta ya kuma ƙaddamar da wani samfuri mai sauƙin ɗauka, CASH Smartwatch, wanda aka tallata shi tare da abokin hulɗar dillalai na HSN . <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, Harlequin (wanda yanzu HarperCollins ce ) ta sanar da shirin buga littafin Lapin ''mai suna Rich Bitch'' . <ref name="Mediabistro"/> Littafin ya bayyana a jerin wadanda suka fi samun karbuwa a ''jaridar The New York Times'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> Daga baya Lapin ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar littafi da Crown Business for ''Boss Bitch'' kuma ta buga wasu kasidu ciki har da ''Becoming Super Woman'' . <ref name="adweek.com"/> A watan Oktoban 2020, ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar littattafai da dama tare da HarperCollins Leadership. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> Mujallar ''Redbook'' ta sanya wa Lapin mai rubuta makalar kudi a shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> Haka kuma a shekarar 2015, ta kasance mai masaukin baki kuma alkali a shirin ''Hatched'', wani shirin gasa na kasuwanci a The CW Network . <ref name="Archived copy"/> An sabunta shirin don kakar wasa ta biyu a shekarar 2016 a [[CBS]] . <ref name="hatchedtv.com"/> A shekarar 2017, Lapin ta kasance alkali a gasar Miss America 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> A shekarar 2018, ta ƙaddamar da azuzuwan farko na kan layi mai taken "Makarantar Kuɗin Kuɗi" da "Makarantar Boss". A cikin shirin "Makarantar Boss", ta yi hira da shugabannin kasuwanci da waɗanda suka kafa ta. A shekarar 2019, an naɗa ta memba a ma'aikatar ilimi a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jack Welch da ke Jami'ar Strayer . <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ta sami karramawa daga Webby Awards saboda nau'ikan shirye-shiryen podcasting. <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> Ta bayar da rahotannin kuɗi da sassan ga Rachael Ray, The Kelly Clarkson Show, The Doctors da Access Hollywood . <ref name=":0"/> Lapin ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararriyar masaniyar kuɗi a shirye-shirye kamar GMA3 da E! Daily Pop kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga kantuna kamar Forbes, Entrepreneur da Thrive Online. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> Shirye-shiryen da ke kan hanyar sadarwarta ta MNN sun haɗa da: "Money Rehab with Nicole Lapin", "Help Wanted with Jason Feifer and Nicole Lapin", "We Have Options with Dominque Broadway", "Money Maker with Nely Galán / Mi Mundo Rico con Nely Galán", "Filthy Rich with Hill Harper" da "Pitch Me with Jesse Draper". <ref name=":1"/> == Taimakon jama'a == Lapin ta yi aiki a ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama. Ta yi aiki a matsayin jakada ga Gidauniyar Yara ta Starlight Starbright kuma ta ƙirƙiri wani shiri na tattaunawa mai suna "Being Smart is Cool" wanda aka yi niyya don ilmantar da yara masu fama da rashin lafiya game da batutuwan duniya. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin jakada ga Points of Light <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> kuma ta ƙaddamar da kamfen na ranar haihuwa wanda ke da alaƙa da shirin "Girl Up" na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> An saka ta a cikin jerin "jakadan murmushi" tare da Jessica Simpson a cikin Operation Smile . <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> Tana da alaƙa da kwamitin ba da shawara na Step Up <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> kuma ta yi aiki a kwamitin Women in Need. <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Lapin ta fito a shafin ''mujallar PowerGirls'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> da mujallar <nowiki><i id="mwAeg">Eliza</i></nowiki> . A shekarar 2008, ta sami kyautar "Power 30 under 30". <ref>{{Cite web |title=TODAY Video Player |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124013124/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/38393098#38393098 |archive-date=January 24, 2011 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> Ta kasance alkali a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca a shekarar 2011 <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> da kuma Miss America a shekarar 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> A shekarar 2020, Lapin ta yi magana a bainar jama'a game da fuskantar zubar ciki kuma ta fara neman kamfanoni su amince da manufofin hutun zubar ciki. Ta kuma yi hira da Sanata Tammy Duckworth game da shawarar da aka gabatar don ba da damar hutu bayan rashin ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> A baya an ruwaito cewa ta yi soyayya da wanda ya kafa shafin Twitter, [[Jack Dorsey|Jack Dorsey.]] , kuma na zauna tare da ɗan kasuwa Michael G. Rubin tsawon shekaru huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=NicoleLapinCNBC |date=November 17, 2010 |title=CNBC's Nicole Lapin on MSNBC's "Morning Joe" 11-17-10 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605173205/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dlUapuydpk |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> == Littattafan tarihi == * 2016 - ''Rich Bitch: Tsarin Mataki 12 Mai Sauƙi Don Haɗa Rayuwar Kuɗinku...'' ''A ƙarshe <ref name="Mediabistro"/> <ref name="adweek.com"/>'' * 2017 - ''Boss Bitch: Tsarin Mataki 12 Mai Sauƙi Don Ɗauki Nauyin Aikinka'' <ref name="Mediabistro" /> <ref name="adweek.com" /> * 2019 – ''Zama Babbar Mace'' <ref name="KTLA">{{Cite web |last=KTLA |date=September 23, 2019 |title=Nicole Lapin Launches New Book |url=https://ktla.com/2019/09/23/a-plan-to-go-from-burnout-to-balance-with-becoming-super-woman-author-nicole-lapin/}}</ref> * 2019 - Jaridar Super Woman * 2022 – ''Miss Independent: Tsarin Mataki 12 Mai Sauƙi don Fara Zuba Jari da Haɓaka Arzikinka'' == Duba kuma == * 'Yan New York a fannin aikin jarida == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0awkrjiukjjqy1vaxb0hiv3hnxqeay9 0 139709 827811 791027 2026-04-29T19:30:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joyce Anne Barr''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1951) jami'ar diflomasiyya ce ta Amurka kuma jami'ar harkokin waje ce a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje . Ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Sakatare ta Harkokin Gwamnati da kuma Babbar Jami'ar Dokar 'Yancin Bayanai. Kafin wannan lokacin, Barr ta kasance Mai Ba da Shawara kan Harkokin Ƙasa da Ƙasa a Kwalejin Sojojin Ƙasa ta Masana'antu . <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Affairs Advisor - Ambassador Joyce Anne Barr |url=http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/people/leadership/ambassador.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331120802/http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/people/leadership/ambassador.htm |archive-date=March 31, 2012 |access-date=August 20, 2011 |publisher=Industrial College of the Armed Forces}}</ref> Aikinta na baya shine Darakta Mai Gudanarwa ta Harkokin Gabashin Asiya da Pacific (EAP) a cikin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje. <ref name="eap">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2008 |title=African American History Month: Joyce Barr |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/pix/b/ocr/aahm/2008/99883.htm |access-date=August 23, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin jakada a Namibia daga 2004 zuwa 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2011 |title=Officially In: Joyce A. Barr to be Asst Secretary for Administration |url=http://diplopundit.net/2011/05/23/officially-in-joyce-a-barr-to-be-asst-secretary-for-administration/ |access-date=November 17, 2015 |publisher=Diplopundit |archive-date=November 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118012234/http://diplopundit.net/2011/05/23/officially-in-joyce-a-barr-to-be-asst-secretary-for-administration/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Barr a shekarar 1951, a Tacoma, [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Affairs Advisor - Ambassador Joyce Anne Barr |url=http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/people/leadership/ambassador.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331120802/http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/people/leadership/ambassador.htm |archive-date=March 31, 2012 |access-date=August 20, 2011 |publisher=Industrial College of the Armed Forces}}</ref> == Ilimi == Barr ta sami digirin BA a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Pacific Lutheran, inda ta kammala karatun digirin magna cum laude. Ta kuma sami digirin MPA daga [[Jami'ar Harvard]] da kuma digirin MS a fannin Dabaru na Albarkatun Ƙasa daga Kwalejin Masana'antu ta Sojoji . == Sana'a == Barr ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'ar diflomasiyya ta aiki, bayan ta shiga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a shekarar 1979. Ta yi ayyuka a [[Stockholm]] (1980), [[Budapest]] (1982), [[Nairobi]] (1985), [[Khartoum]] (1989), [[Ashgabat]] (1998), da [[Kuala Lumpur]], inda ta kasance Mai Ba da Shawara kan Harkokin Gudanarwa. Barr ta kuma yi ayyukan gida a Washington, DC, inda ta yi aiki a Ofishin Ma'aikata na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje, Ofishin 'Yancin Dan Adam da Harkokin Jin Kai, da Ofishin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasa da Ƙasa a Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Masana'antu ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da Ƙungiyar Yawon Bude Ido ta Duniya . [[George W. Bush|Shugaba Bush]] ya naɗa Barr a matsayin jakadar Amurka a Namibia kuma Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta amince da ita. Jakadiya Barr ta fara naɗinta ne a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Affairs Advisor - Ambassador Joyce Anne Barr |url=http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/people/leadership/ambassador.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331120802/http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/people/leadership/ambassador.htm |archive-date=March 31, 2012 |access-date=August 20, 2011 |publisher=Industrial College of the Armed Forces}}</ref> Barr ta kuma shiga cikin Shirin Ayyukan Cikin Gida na Ma'aikatar Jiha, wanda aka fi sani da Shirin Pearson. An fara wannan shirin ne a shekarun 1970, inda aka tura jami'an Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a wajen sashen domin haɓaka iliminsu game da dokokin harkokin waje da kuma damuwar jama'a. A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan aikin, ta yi aiki tare da Sanata Daniel Patrick Moynihan da ɗan majalisa [[Bennie Thompson]] . A ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2011, Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta tabbatar da Barr a matsayin Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Waje na Gudanarwa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Affairs Advisor - Ambassador Joyce Anne Barr |url=http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/people/leadership/ambassador.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331120802/http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/people/leadership/ambassador.htm |archive-date=March 31, 2012 |access-date=August 20, 2011 |publisher=Industrial College of the Armed Forces}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Janairu, 2017, lokacin da Rex Tillerson, wanda [[Donald Trump]] ya naɗa a matsayin Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka, ya ziyarci Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Barr, Patrick F. Kennedy, Michele Bond, da Gentry O. Smith duk an nemi su yi murabus daga ma'aikatar a lokaci guda. Barr memba ne na Kwalejin Gudanarwa ta Ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Affairs Advisor - Ambassador Joyce Anne Barr |url=http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/people/leadership/ambassador.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331120802/http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/people/leadership/ambassador.htm |archive-date=March 31, 2012 |access-date=August 20, 2011 |publisher=Industrial College of the Armed Forces}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4mxytwrso8amizeqxyv0bqsc1gasoif 0 140202 827733 814077 2026-04-29T13:22:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jhijjiya (wanda kuma ake kira Jhijhari)''' rawa ce ta al'adu ta yankin Mithila na [[Indiya]] da [[Nepal]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=झिझिया लोक अनुष्ठान सुरू |url=https://www.setopati.com/samaj/35315/ |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Setopati |language=ne |archive-date=2022-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007173814/https://www.setopati.com/samaj/35315/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana yin ta ne a lokacin bikin Dusshera, a watan Ashwin na Hindu (Satumba/Oktoba). Ana yin ta ne don bayar da ibada ga allahiya Durga - allahiyar nasara da kuma kare iyali, yara da al'umma daga mayu da sihiri mai duhu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=सिरहामा झिझिया नृत्यको रौनक शुरू |url=https://lokaantar.com/story/198268/2022/9/27/jiban-darshan/dance |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Lokaantar |language=ne}}</ref> Ana yin sa na tsawon dare goma a jere, tun daga ranar Ghatasthapana zuwa Bijaya Dashami, ta hanyar mata da 'yan mata, cikin rukuni na biyar zuwa goma sha biyar, ta hanyar sanya tulun ƙasa a kansu suna rawa suna juyawa. A cikin tulun, ana sanya fitilar wuta kuma ana yin ramuka da yawa a kan tulun. Ana kyautata zaton idan mayya ta yi nasarar ƙirga ramukan da ke kan tulun, mai rawan zai mutu nan take. == Tatsuniyar asali == [[Fayil:Durga_Puja_DS.jpg|alt=Jhijhiya is performed from the first day of Navaratri to Bijaya Dashami|thumb|228x228px|Ana yin Jhijhiya daga ranar farko ta Navaratri zuwa Bijaya Dashami a cikin watan Hindu na Ashvin .]] Tunda al'adar ta kan yaɗu ta hanyar baki daga tsara zuwa tsara, babu wani cikakken iko game da asalin salon rawa. A cewar wani tatsuniya da ke da alaƙa da rawa, akwai wani sarki mai suna Chitrasen da ya taɓa rayuwa. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Matarsa, sarauniya ƙwararriya ce a fannin fasahar duhu. Ita ma ta fi sarki ƙanƙanta sosai. Duk da haka, ma'auratan sarauta ba su da ɗa. Sarki ya yanke shawarar sanya wa ɗan uwansa Balruchi suna a matsayin magajinsa. Sarauniyar ta yi sha'awar Balruchi. Ta yi ƙoƙarin jan hankalinsa sau da yawa amma ta gaza a kowane lokaci. Wata rana, sarauniyar ta fusata ta yanke shawarar ɗaukar fansa kan Balruchi. Ta yi amfani da sihirinta na baƙar fata don yin kamar ba ta da lafiya. Sarki ya umarci likitan Ayurveda don yi mata magani. Maganin Ayurvedic bai yi nasara ba a kan sihirin sarauniya. Sai ta gaya wa sarki cewa hanya ɗaya tilo da za ta iya sake samun lafiya ita ce idan ta yi wanka da jinin Balruchi. Sarki ya yi shakkar wannan maganin amma tunda yana son matarsa kuma yana son ceton rayuwarta, ya umarci sojoji su kashe Balruchi su kawo jininsa. Sojojin sarki ba su iya kashe Balruchi ba, sai suka yanke shawarar 'yantar da shi a cikin daji. Maimakon haka, suka kawo jinin barewa, wanda sarauniya ta yi wanka da shi ta sake samun lafiya. A cikin daji, Balruchi ya haɗu da wata tsohuwa. Tunda Balruchi yana jin yunwa kuma yana buƙatar mafaka, sai ya nemi abinci da wurin kwana tare da wannan matar. Matar ta tausaya masa ta ɗauke shi maimakon haka. Tsohuwar mayya ce mai ƙarfi. Ita da Balruchi sun zauna tare. Wata rana, sarki da sarauniya suna wucewa ta cikin daji, sai ɗaya daga cikin masu ɗaukar balaraben sarki ya mutu. An yi bincike don neman wani mai ɗaukar balaraben sarki a cikin daji kuma aka sami Balruchi. Duk da haka, Balruchi da sarki ba su gane juna ba, Balruchi da sarauniya ma ba su gane juna ba. Yayin da jerin gwanon sarki ya ci gaba, sarkin ya fara rera waƙa amma ya manta da wasu layukan. Sarki bai iya tuna layukan ba ko da bayan an yi ƙoƙari da yawa. Sai sarki ya ji sabon mai ɗaukar waƙoƙin palanquin yana rera sauran layukan. Mutum ɗaya ne kawai kusa da sarki ya san kalmomin waƙar kuma wannan mutumin shine Balruchi. Ta wannan hanyar, ya gane Balruchi. Sarauniyar kuma ta ji laifi a wannan lokacin kuma ita da sarki duka sun nemi afuwar Balruchi suka roƙe shi ya dawo fadar. Balruchi ya yanke shawarar komawa tare da su, wanda hakan ya fusata tsohuwar mayya sosai. Ta fara yi masa sihiri, wanda ya cutar da shi. Sarauniyar ta fahimci cewa akwai wani sihirin baƙar fata a bayan Balruchi da ya ji rauni. Don haka, ta kuma fara yin sihiri don yaƙar sihirin tsohuwar mayya. Sarauniya da tsohuwar mayya sun yi yaƙin sihiri, inda aka ci tsohuwar mayya bayan haka sarki, sarauniya da Balruchi suka koma fadar. An sake ayyana Balruchi a matsayin magajin sarki kuma sarauniya ta ba da umarnin yin al'adun tantrik kowace shekara don kare Balruchi. Daga nan sai mutanen yau da kullun suka fara amfani da al'adar, suka fara yin ta don kare 'ya'yansu da iyalansu. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> == Aiki == Mutanen yankin Mithila na Indiya da Nepal ne ke yin wannan rawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=झिझिया लोक अनुष्ठान सुरू |url=https://www.setopati.com/samaj/35315/ |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Setopati |language=ne |archive-date=2022-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007173814/https://www.setopati.com/samaj/35315/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana yin wannan rawa kowace maraice daga ranar Ghatasthapana zuwa Bijaya Dashami . Ana kyautata zaton ana yin wannan rawa ne don kare yara da al'umma daga mayu. Ana kyautata zaton an fara wannan al'ada ne don rage tasirin sihirin mayu akan iyalan mutum. Mata suna rawa da tukunyar yumbu a kansu. Ana yin ramuka da yawa a cikin tukunya kuma ana ajiye fitila a ciki. Akwai kuma sanannen imani cewa idan mayya ta yi nasarar ƙirga ramukan da ke cikin tukunyar da aka sanya a kan mace, matar da ke rawa za ta mutu nan take. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Neha |title=मिथिलामा झिझिया नाचको रौनक |url=https://www.setopati.com/index.php/social/190860/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Setopati |language=ne }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan yin rawa a wani wuri mai tsarki a ranar farko ta Dusshera, Jhijjiya ta fara aiki a hukumance. Bayan fara rawar Jhijjiya a hukumance, akwai al'adar tafiya gida-gida da nuna rawa. Sai masu rawa su nemi hatsi da abinci don bayarwa a ranar ƙarshe. A ranar Vijayadashami, ana yin addu'o'in ƙarshe kuma ana amfani da hatsi da kuɗi da aka tattara don shirya biki. <ref name=":0"/> == Waƙar Jhijjiya == Rawar tana da nata nau'in waƙoƙi da waƙoƙin. Ana yin rawa ta hanyar juyawa da zagaye a wuri ɗaya yayin da ake rera waƙoƙin Jhijjiya. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Waƙoƙin suna tare da kiɗa daga kayan kida na gargajiya kamar Dhol, Manjira, da sauransu. Akwai nau'ikan waƙoƙi guda biyu da ake rerawa yayin yin rawa. Na farko waƙa ce ta yabon allahiya, kuma waƙa ta biyu ana rera ta ne don kariya daga mayu da sihiri mai duhu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=झिझिया लोक अनुष्ठान सुरू |url=https://www.setopati.com/samaj/35315/ |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Setopati |language=ne |archive-date=2022-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007173814/https://www.setopati.com/samaj/35315/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=सिरहामा झिझिया नृत्यको रौनक शुरू |url=https://lokaantar.com/story/198268/2022/9/27/jiban-darshan/dance |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Lokaantar |language=ne}}</ref> An bayar da baitin waƙar Jhijjiya a cikin yaren Maithili, tare da fassarar Turanci, a ƙasa:   == Duba kuma == * Sama Chakeva * Chhath * Deusi/Bhailo == Manazarta == n6fks4rpp3vnfyorqxi65nhkq1cfm3v 0 140242 827734 793425 2026-04-29T13:25:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jia Michelle Cobb''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1980) <ref name="Questionnaire">{{Cite web |title=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary: Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees: Gia Michelle Cobb |url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Cobb%20SJQ%20Public%20Final.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> lauya ce 'yar Amurka da ke aiki a matsayin alkali a kotun gundumar Amurka ta gundumar Columbia . Ta taɓa yin aiki a kamfanin lauyoyi na Relman Colfax PLLC, ta shiga aikin lauya a shekara ta 2012 kuma ta zama abokin tarayya daga 2019 zuwa 2021. <ref name="CourtBio">{{Cite web |title=District Judge Jia M. Cobb &#124; District of Columbia &#124; United States District Court |url=https://www.dcd.uscourts.gov/content/district-judge-jia-m-cobb}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Cobb a Springfield, Ohio . Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Mercy da ke Farmington Hills, Michigan, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Judge Jia M. Cobb '98 United States District Court for the District of Columbia {{!}} Mercy High School |url=https://www.mhsmi.org/headlines/21/12/10/judge-jia-m-cobb-98-united-states-district-court-district-columbia |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=www.mhsmi.org}}</ref> ta halarci Jami'ar Northwestern, inda ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Fasaha, <nowiki><i id="mwHg">magna cum laude</i></nowiki> a shekarar 2002. Daga nan ta halarci Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard, inda ta kasance editan gudanarwa na ''Harvard Law Review'' . Ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 2005 tare da Likitan Shari'a, ''cum laude'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-15 |title=President Biden Announces 4th Slate of Judicial Nominations |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/06/15/president-biden-announces-4th-slate-of-judicial-nominations/ |access-date=2021-06-15 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Cobb ta fara aikinta a matsayin magatakardar shari'a ga Alkali Diane Wood ta Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Amurka ta Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Bakwai daga 2005 zuwa 2006. Cobb a lokacin ta kasance lauya mai shigar da kara a Gundumar Columbia Public Defender Service daga 2006 zuwa 2012. Cobb ta kula da lauyoyin da suka shigo kuma memba ce a Kungiyar Ayyukan Bincike. Cobb ta kuma koyar da shari'a a Kwalejin Shari'a ta Washington da Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard . Ta yi aiki a matsayin abokin tarayya a fannin shari'a a Relman Colfax, wani kamfanin lauyoyi na kasa mai kare hakkin jama'a daga 2012 zuwa 2021. Cobb ta taba yin aiki a matsayin zababben memba na Kwamitin Kula da Dokokin Laifuka na Lauyoyi na Gundumar Columbia da Kwamitin Kula da Haƙƙoƙin Mutum. === Hukumar shari'a ta tarayya === A ranar 15 ga Yuni, 2021, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya zaɓi Cobb don yin aiki a matsayin alkali a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Columbia . Alkali Emmet G. Sullivan ne ya zaɓe ta a matsayin alkali a Kotun Gundumar Amurka, wadda ta hau kujerar babban mukami a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 15, 2021 |title=Nominations Sent to the Senate |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/06/15/nominations-sent-to-the-senate-20/ |website=The White House}}</ref> A baya, Wakilin Majalisar Dokoki Eleanor Holmes Norton ya ba da shawarar Cobb don wannan matsayi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Norton Recommends Jia Cobb for U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia |url=https://norton.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/norton-recommends-jia-cobb-for-us-district-court-for-the-district-of |access-date=2021-06-15 |website=Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2021, an gudanar da zaman sauraren ƙara kan zaɓenta a gaban Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2021 |title=Nominations &#124; United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary |url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/07/07/2021/nominations |website=www.judiciary.senate.gov}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Agusta, 2021, an ba da rahoton cewa an fitar da ita daga kwamitin da kuri'u 13-9. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 5, 2021 |title=Results of Executive Business Meeting – August 5, 2021 |url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Results%20of%20Executive%20Business%20Meeting%20August%205,%202021.pdf |publication-place=Washington, D.C.}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2021, Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta amince da ƙuri'u 51-46 kan zaɓenta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 26, 2021 |title=On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Jia M. Cobb to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Columbia) |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1171/vote_117_1_00427.htm |access-date=October 26, 2021 |website=[[United States Senate]]}}</ref> An tabbatar da zaɓenta daga baya a wannan rana da kuri'u 52-45. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 26, 2021 |title=On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jia M. Cobb, of Virginia, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Columbia) |url=https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1171/vote_117_1_00432.htm |access-date=October 26, 2021 |website=[[United States Senate]]}}</ref> Ta karɓi kwamitin shari'arta a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2021. == Duba kuma == * Jerin Alkalan Tarayya na Bakar fata-Amurka * Jerin Masu Shari'ar Bakar fata == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] qedb3mg822yhnfl35wr174ouk0hlay3 0 140350 827735 793972 2026-04-29T13:31:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:HaymakersJig.jpg|thumb|Rawar Jig na Haymakers a wani ceilidh na Irish]] '''Jig''' ( Irish , Scottish Gaelic ) wani nau'i ne na rawa ta gargajiya mai rai a cikin mita mai hade, da kuma waƙar rawa mai rakiya. Ya fara samun karbuwa a duk faɗin Tsibiran Burtaniya a ƙarni na 16, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anglo-Irish Music in the Sixteenth Century |url=https://www.libraryireland.com/IrishMusic/XVI.php |access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The jig dance tradition: five centuries old and still counting {{!}} Music Tales |url=https://musictales.club/article/jig-dance-tradition-five-centuries-old-and-still-counting |access-date=4 March 2021 |website=musictales.club}}</ref> kuma an karɓe shi a babban yankin Turai inda daga ƙarshe ya zama motsi na ƙarshe na babban ɗakin rawa [[Baroque|na Baroque]] ( gigue na Faransa; giga na Italiya da Sifaniyanci). A yau an fi danganta shi da kiɗan rawa na Irish, rawa na ƙasar Scotland, kiɗan gargajiya na Faransa da rawa da mutanen Métis a Kanada. Jigs da farko suna cikin mita mai hade huɗu, (misali, 12 sau 12 ), amma an daidaita su da nau'ikan sa hannu na lokaci daban-daban, wanda galibi ana rarraba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi, gami da jigs biyu ( 6 8 ), zamewar jigs ( 9 8 ) da jigs guda ɗaya ( 12 8 ). == Asalin == Kalmar ''jig'' wataƙila an samo ta ne daga ''giguer'' na Faransa, ma'ana 'tsallake' ko ''giga'' [[Italiyanci|na Italiya]] . Amfani da 'jig' a cikin rawar Irish ya samo asali ne daga ''jigeánnai'' [[Harshen Irish|na Irish]], wanda aka aro daga Old English ''giga'' ma'ana 'tsohon rawa'. An san shi da rawa a Ingila ta ƙarni na 16, sau da yawa a cikin 12 Sau 12, kuma an yi amfani da kalmar don nishaɗin bayan wasa wanda ke nuna rawa a farkon Ingila ta zamani, amma wanda 'mai yiwuwa ya yi amfani da nau'ikan rawa iri-iri, solo (wanda ya dace da jigs), biyu, zagaye, ƙasa ko kotu'; {{Sfn|Clegg|Skeaping|2014}} a cikin Playford's <nowiki><i id="mwVw">Dancing Master</i></nowiki> (1651) 'wasan rawa a cikin "Kemps Jegg" yanayi ne na yau da kullun daga jig mai ban mamaki kuma yana iya yiwuwa haɗin mitar rawa don matakai da sassan da ba na ma'auni ba don pantomime yana nuna yadda 'yan wasan mataki za su iya rawa da jig na solo ko ƙungiya.' {{Sfn|Clegg|Skeaping|2014}} Daga baya rawan ta fara da alaƙa da kiɗa musamman a cikin 6 Sau 6, kuma tare da zamewa jigs 9 Sau 9 == Ireland da Scotland == A tsakiyar karni na 16, an rungumi rawa a Ireland da kuma a Scotland a karni na 17, inda aka saba da ita sosai, kuma yanzu ana danganta rawa da waɗannan ƙasashe, musamman Ireland. Jig ɗin shine na biyu a shahararriyar rawa bayan reel a cikin rawa ta gargajiya ta Irish; yana da shahara amma ba a saba da shi ba a cikin kiɗan rawa na ƙasar Scotland. Ana rubuta shi a cikin mita mai hade, kasancewarsa 6 Sau 6 Tsarin da aka fi amfani da shi na jig shine sassa biyu masu sanduna takwas, suna yin matakai biyu daban-daban, kowannensu yana kan ƙafar dama, ɗaya kuma yana kan ƙafar hagu. Kamar yadda yake da yawancin sauran nau'ikan waƙoƙin rawa a cikin kiɗan Irish, a zaman ko rawa, abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a haɗa jig biyu ko fiye a cikin saiti, suna gudana ba tare da katsewa ba. == A cikin rawar mataki na Irish == Ana lura da wannan bambanci a cikin rawar Irish ta zamani mai gasa kuma bai kamata a rikita shi da ra'ayin gabaɗaya game da yadda ake buga jigs da rarraba su tsakanin mawakan gargajiya na Irish ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhythm (Tune Type) Definitions |url=https://www.irishtune.info/rhythm/ |access-date=30 November 2021 |website=irishtune.info}}</ref> === Ƙananan jigs === [[Fayil:Jig_shoe_3.jpg|thumb|Takalmi mai tauri na rawa na Irish]] Jig mai sauƙi shine na biyu mafi sauri a cikin dukkan jig. Ƙafafun mai wasan kwaikwayo ba sa barin ƙasa na dogon lokaci, saboda matakin yana da sauri, yawanci ana yin sa a gudu kusa da 116 a feiseanna . Akwai matakai da yawa na jig mai sauƙi, suna bambanta da kowace makarantar rawa, amma matakin tashi, ko kuma hawa da niƙa, daidaitacce ne a kusan dukkan jig mai sauƙi. Sigar gefen dama na matakin tashi ana yin ta ne ta hanyar sanya nauyi a kan ƙafar hagu, ɗaga ƙafar dama daga ƙasa sannan a yi tsalle a ƙafar hagu sau ɗaya. Yi tsalle a ƙafar hagu, dawo da ƙafar dama a bayan ƙafar hagu sannan a motsa nauyin a kan ƙafar dama, a bar ƙafar hagu a sararin sama. Masu rawa suna amfani da kalmar "yi tsalle, yi tsalle baya" don waɗannan motsi uku, kuma akwai ɗan ɗan dakata tsakanin tsalle, da tsalle baya. Motsi na gaba shine tsalle a ƙafar dama. Sannan a canza nauyin, hagu-dama-hagu-dama. Kalmomin wannan duka motsi shine: "yi tsalle, yi tsalle baya, yi tsalle baya 2-3." Don yin matakin a ƙafar hagu, juya alkiblar hagu da dama. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Machaffie |first=Scott |date=5 November 1999 |title=Footwork for Irish and Scottish dancing |url=http://www.nonvi.com/sm/footwork.html#irish |access-date=4 November 2017 |website=NonVi |archive-date=1 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501093807/http://www.nonvi.com/sm/footwork.html#irish |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Zamewa jigs === Zane-zanen slip suna cikin 9 Sau 9 Saboda tsayin ma'auni, sun fi tsayi fiye da reel da haske jig, tare da adadin sanduna iri ɗaya ga kiɗan. Ana yin rawan a kan yatsun kafa, kuma sau da yawa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin "ballet of Irish dance" saboda kyawawan motsinsa waɗanda suke kama da suna zamewa a ƙasa. Ana yin jig ɗin zamewa a gudun 113 bpm a feiseanna. === Jigs guda ɗaya da biyu === [[Fayil:Swallowtail_Jig_-_Irish_Fiddle_Tune!.webm|thumb| [[Swallowtail jig|Jig ɗin haɗiya]], jig biyu <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2019 |title=Swallowtail Jig |url=https://tunearch.org/wiki/Annotation:Swallowtail_Jig_(2)_(The) |access-date=15 February 2021 |website=[[The Traditional Tune Archive]] |language=en}}</ref>]] Bai kamata a rikita jigs guda ɗaya da zamiya ba; su ne mafi ƙarancin jigs da aka saba yi, ana yin su a cikin glillies, a cikin 6 8 ko ƙasa da haka yawanci 12 Sau 12 A fannin kiɗa, jig ɗin guda ɗaya yana bin tsarin bayanin kwata sai kuma bayanin lamba ta takwas (sau biyu a kowace 6 8 sandar), yayin da tsarin jig ɗin sau biyu shine rubutu uku na takwas sau biyu a kowace 6 8 mashaya. === Jigs na Hop === Jig ɗin Hop sune mafi sauri daga cikin dukkan jig ɗin da ke kusa da jig masu haske, amma kalmar ''jig ɗin hop'' tana haifar da wasu ruɗani, kamar yadda wasu mutane ke amfani da ita don jig ɗaya, yayin da wasu ke amfani da wannan kalmar don nufin waƙa a cikin 9 Sau 9 . Daga cikin na ƙarshe, wasu ba sa bambanta shi da jig ɗin zamewa, yayin da wasu ke keɓe kalmar ga nau'in jig ɗin zamewa wanda ke da halaye na musamman, musamman ma fi mai da hankali kan kwata-kwata - nau'ikan note na takwas . === Jerin wasannin Treble === Ana yin jigs masu ƙarfi (wanda kuma ake kira jig mai ƙarfi ko mai nauyi) a cikin takalma masu tauri, da kuma zuwa ga 6 Mita 6 Ana siffanta su da stumps, trebles, da clicks. Ana yin rawa da yawa a lokacin treble jig, kaɗan daga cikinsu su ne Drunken Gauger, Blackthorn Stick, The Three Sea Captains, da kuma St Patrick's Day. Ana yin nau'ikan treble jigs guda biyu a feiseanna: na gargajiya da na gargajiya (a hankali). Masu farawa za su yi treble jig a saurin gargajiya (92 bpm), yayin da masu rawa masu ci gaba za su yi rawa da treble jig wanda ba na gargajiya ba (a hankali) a lokacin 72 bpm.   == Jigs madaidaiciya da yashi == A ƙarni na 19 a Amurka, jig shine sunan da aka yi amfani da shi don wani nau'in rawa na mataki wanda 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa suka ƙirƙira kuma daga baya masu wasan kwaikwayo na mistrel suka karɓe shi. An yi rawa ga waƙoƙin banjo ko fiddle masu igiya biyar a cikin waƙoƙin 2 2 ko 2 An yi wasan mita 2 a schottische tempo, waƙar mistrel (wanda kuma ake kira "jig madaidaiciya" don bambanta ta da raye-rayen Irish) ta hanyar haɗakar rawa da motsin da ba a saba gani ba. Masu rawa na jig sun yi amfani da jerin "bugawa" a kan diddige ko yatsa, "hops" a ƙafa ɗaya, "springs" daga ƙafa biyu da kuma zamewa da shuffles daban-daban. Shahararren mai rawa na farko shine Master Juba, Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka wanda ya zaburar da ɗimbin masu kwaikwayon fararen fata, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu suka yi wasan baƙaƙe . John Diamond, ɗan ƙasar Ireland-Ba'amurke wanda ya yi gasa da Master Juba a cikin jerin "rawar ƙalubale", yana cikin fitattun waɗannan masu rawa na farin mistrel jig. Waƙar Minstrel, da kuma toshewar ƙafafu da fasawa, sun kasance masu mahimmanci ga juyin halittar rawa tap da soft-shoe na ƙarni na 20. Wani nau'in wasan kwaikwayo mai madaidaiciya shine " jig ɗin yashi " ko "rawar yashi", wanda aka yi a matsayin jerin shuffles da slides a kan dandamali mai yashi. Fitattun wasan kwaikwayo na yashi na ƙarni na 19 mata biyu ne, waɗanda aka haifa a New York a 1855: Kitty O'Neil 'yar asalin Buffalo da kishiyarta Kitty Sharpe da aka haifa a Manhattan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Meade |first=Don |date=September 2014 |title=Kitty O'Neil and Her 'Champion Jig': A Forgotten Irish-American Variety Theater Star |url=http://blarneystar.com/Kitty_090114.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://blarneystar.com/Kitty_090114.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref> Rawar yashi wani muhimmin abu ne na wasan kwaikwayo, iri-iri da kuma vaudeville, kuma an kiyaye ta a cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan ta hanyar masu rawa na Afirka-Amurka, ciki har da John Bubbles, Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, Sammy Davis Jr., Harriet Browne da kuma, mafi mahimmanci, Howard "Sandman" Sims . == Duba kuma == * Rawar Shakespeare * Matar Wanka ta Irish * Swing == Manazarta == === Bayanan kula === {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0sh66l55smbciega4e49pemaa1e4akw 0 140456 827881 794417 2026-04-30T00:56:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Karancin ruwa a Amherst, Massachusetts, na shekarar 1980''' ya kasance babban matsalar ruwa da ta shafi garin Amherst, Massachusetts kuma ta haifar da rufe Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) daga 4-8 ga Satumba, 1980. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Majchrowicz, Michael |date=August 27, 2016 |title=Remembering the Amherst water crisis of 1980 |url=https://www.gazettenet.com/Remembering-the-Amherst-water-crisis-of-1980-4359310 |access-date=April 5, 2023 |publisher=Daily Hampshire Gazette}}</ref> Wannan rikicin wani bangare ne na wani yanayi na [[Rashin ruwa|karancin ruwa]] da ya shafi al'ummomi a fadin Massachusetts tun 1965, a lokacin daya daga cikin mafi munin fari a yankin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1980 Water Shortage – The Consecrated Eminence |url=https://consecratedeminence.wordpress.amherst.edu/2016/10/21/1980-water-shortage/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayani == Lokacin bazara na shekarar 1980 ya kasance cike da yanayi na bushewa a duk faɗin Massachusetts, wanda ya ƙara ta'azzara fari. A ƙarshen watan Agusta, ma'ajiyar ruwa da ke bai wa Amherst ruwa ta faɗi ƙasa da yadda take a da. Ma'ajiyar Ruwa ta Atkins, wadda ke kusa da Shutesbury, ta faɗi ƙafa shida ƙasa da yadda take a da. A lokaci guda, Ma'ajiyar Ruwa ta Hills da ke kusa da Pelham ta faɗi da ƙafa 13, inda ta rage fitar da ita da rabi. Wani ma'ajiyar ruwa ta uku a Pelham shi ma ya ga matakanta sun faɗi ƙafa 2.5 ƙasa da matsakaicin. Waɗannan yanayi sun ƙara ta'azzara ta hanyar haɗuwa da ruwan sama mai ƙarancin matsakaici, yanayin zafi fiye da na yau da kullun, da kuma ƙaruwar amfani da ruwa a ƙarshen mako na Ranar Ma'aikata . Wannan ƙaruwar buƙata ta tura tsarin ruwan Amherst zuwa inda ya fara aiki. A ranar 31 ga Agusta, 1980, yayin da UMass Amherst ta buɗe don zangon karatu na kaka, buƙatar ruwa ta ƙaru zuwa galan miliyan 4.5, fiye da rikodin da ya gabata da 700,000. Yawanci, UMass Amherst ta cinye kusan rabin galan miliyan 3.4 da garin ya samar a matsakaici, amma ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye ƙarancin ruwan da aka samar.<ref name="Tappedout">{{Cite web |last=Fitzgibbons, Daniel J. |date=9 September 2005 |title=Tapped out: 1980 water crisis forced campus evacuation |url=http://www.umass.edu/loop/lookingback/articles/20732.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213233954/http://www.umass.edu/loop/lookingback/articles/20732.php |archive-date=February 13, 2007 |access-date=7 December 2015 |publisher=[[University of Massachusetts Amherst]]}}</ref><ref name="Michigan">{{Cite web |last=<!-- Unknown --> |date=6 September 1980 |title=Water shortage cripples Amherst |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UhNKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bx4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1321,201052 |access-date=8 August 2011 |publisher=[[The Michigan Daily]]}}</ref> == Ƙara == Manajan Garin Amherst, Louis Hayward, ya fuskanci shawarwari masu wahala yayin da karancin ruwa ya ta'azzara. Wata sabuwar rijiya a yankin Lawrence Swamp na Kudancin Amherst, wadda aka yi niyya don rage matsalolin, har yanzu ba ta cika ba. Wannan ya bar birnin da ƙarancin zaɓuɓɓuka. A ranar 1 ga Satumba, Hukumar Zaɓe ta Amherst ta ayyana dokar ta-baci ta ruwa. Wannan sanarwar ta haɗa da haramta amfani da duk wani ruwa a waje da kuma izinin siyan ruwa daga garin Hadley da ke makwabtaka da shi. Duk da waɗannan ƙoƙarin, matakan adana ruwa na garin sun ci gaba da raguwa.<ref name="Tappedout"/> Alamun farko na ƙarancin ruwa mai tsanani a UMass Amherst sun bayyana a ranar 2 ga Satumba, lokacin da mazauna William M. Cashin House suka ba da rahoton ƙarancin ruwa. Lamarin ya ƙara ta'azzara, inda ya shafi ɗakunan kwanan dalibai a manyan tuddai. A wannan maraice, sama da ɗalibai 3,000 ba su da ruwa, yayin da lamarin ya ci gaba da taɓarɓarewa. == Kwasowa == A safiyar ranar 4 ga Satumba, Chancellor Henry Koffler ya sanar da rufe harabar jami'ar. An rufe harabar jami'ar yadda ya kamata, tare da umurtar ɗalibai da su tafi. Kafin ƙarshen rana, kashi saba'in cikin ɗari na famfunan ruwa a ɗakunan kwana 41 sun bushe. Amherst ta mayar da martani ta hanyar kunna rijiyar gaggawa da kuma amfani da tsarin ruwa na Hadley. Jami'an tsaron ƙasa na Massachusetts sun kuma samar da ƙarin albarkatun ruwa. Duk da waɗannan ƙoƙarin, rikicin ya ci gaba da tsananta. An shirya motocin bas don jigilar ɗalibai zuwa wurare daban-daban a faɗin jihar, ciki har da Worcester, Natick, da [[Boston]].<ref name="Michigan"/> == Bayan haka == Gwamna [[Edward J. King]] ya umarci '[[Massachusetts State Police|Yan sandan Jihar Massachusetts]] da su yi sintiri a harabar makarantar da babu kowa domin hana masu satar kayan jama'a. Jami'an tsaron ƙasa sun kawo ƙarin kayan ruwa. Jami'ai sun yi aiki don sake cika tankunan ruwa da kuma dawo da ayyukan da suka saba. An sake buɗe harabar a ranar 8 ga Satumba.<ref name="Tappedout2">{{Cite web |last=Fitzgibbons, Daniel J. |date=9 September 2005 |title=Tapped out: 1980 water crisis forced campus evacuation |url=http://www.umass.edu/loop/lookingback/articles/20732.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213233954/http://www.umass.edu/loop/lookingback/articles/20732.php |archive-date=February 13, 2007 |access-date=7 December 2015 |publisher=[[University of Massachusetts Amherst]]}}</ref> Bayan haka, an biya wa ɗaliban kuɗin ɗaki da abinci, kuma harabar makarantar ta koma aiki yadda ya kamata a hankali. Rikicin ya haifar da bincike, wanda ya haifar da gyare-gyare na dogon lokaci a ayyukan kula da ruwa. Lamarin ya nuna ƙalubalen kula da albarkatun ruwa a cikin al'umma mai tasowa cikin sauri tare da ƙarancin kayayyakin more rayuwa.<ref name="Telegraph">{{Cite web |last=Stanton, Mike |date=November 18, 1980 |title=Water shortage a worry in N.E. |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kqUrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0vwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=7191,3424468 |access-date=8 August 2011 |publisher=The Associated Press, reprinted in [[Nashua Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref name="Milwaukee">{{Cite web |last=<!-- Unknown --> |date=8 September 1980 |title=Water shortage alleviated |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1q8oAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rCsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4683,3867080 |access-date=8 August 2011 |publisher=The Associated Press, reprinted in [[The Milwaukee Journal]] }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == 5avo840nibpoyqvfty4zs8hz2rlsytw 0 140586 827890 808663 2026-04-30T02:54:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kate Bolick''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1972) ita ce marubucin littafin ''Spinster: Making a Life of One's Own na'' New York Times kuma Malamar Turanci a Jami'ar Yale. A da, ta kasance edita mai ba da gudummawa ga ''The Atlantic ,'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-28 |title=Kate Bolick, The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/author/kate-bolick/ |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref>, babban editan mujallar Domino, kuma mai masaukin baki na "Touchstones at The Mount," <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-12 |title=BREAKING: Touchstones at The Mount |url=http://www.katebolick.com/archive/blog/2015/3/16/breaking-touchstones-at-the-mount |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=Kate Bolick |language=en-US}}</ref>, wani shiri na shekara-shekara na hirar adabi a gidan Edith Wharton da ke Berkshires . Bolick ya halarci Kwalejin Colby da Jami'ar New York . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kate Bolick {{!}} Bio |url=http://www.katebolick.com/about |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=Kate Bolick |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Kate Bolick an fi saninta da marubucin littafin ''Spinster: Making a Life of One's Own'' na New York Times. Baya ga aikinta da ''The Atlantic'', Bolick ta ba da gudummawa ga rubuce-rubuce ga <nowiki><i id="mwJQ">Elle</i></nowiki>, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kate Bolick |url=https://www.elle.com/author/2099/kate-bolick/ |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=ELLE |language=en-US}}</ref> <nowiki><i id="mwKw">Cosmopolitan</i></nowiki>, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kate Bolick |url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/author/12810/kate-bolick/ |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=Cosmopolitan |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428140635/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/author/12810/kate-bolick/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <nowiki><i id="mwMQ">Vogue</i></nowiki>, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vogue |date=2015-04-06 |title=Why Having an Affair Was the Best Mistake I Ever Made |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/author-kate-bolick-affair-best-mistake |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'', da ''The Wall Street Journal'', da sauran wallafe-wallafe. A da, Bolick ita ce babban editan <nowiki><i id="mwQw">Domino</i></nowiki>, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kate Bolick |url=https://www.domino.com/authors/kate-bolick/ |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=domino |language=en-US}}</ref> da kuma marubuciya a sashen ra'ayoyin <nowiki><i id="mwSQ">The Boston Globe</i></nowiki> . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kate Bolick {{!}} Bio |url=http://www.katebolick.com/about |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=Kate Bolick |language=en-US}}</ref> Fitowar Bolick ta haɗa da shirye-shiryen ''The Today Show'', CBS Sunday Morning, [[CNN]], Fox News, MSNBC, da NPR a faɗin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bolick |first=Kate |title=Bio |url=http://www.katebolick.com/about/ |access-date=5 March 2016 |website=Kate Bolick}}</ref> === ''Spinster: Yin Rayuwa Ta Kansa'' === A cikin littafinta mai suna New York Times na shekarar 2015, Bolick ta yi tambaya kuma ta amsa tambayar da ta yi a cikin wani labarin murfin mujallar The Atlantic na shekarar 2011: "Ta yaya mace ke rayuwa ita kaɗai?" Heather Havrilesky, wacce ta rubuta a jaridar The New York Times, ta ba littafin sharhi mai kyau, tana mai cewa "abin da Spinster ya bayar a zahiri tafiya ce ta musamman ta binciken Bolick na tsawon shekaru da dama na yadda ake rayuwa da kanta, tare da alamu daga nau'ikan mata marasa al'ada." == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] r9jp9c1b60l0i1dhym19yv8fsgbtm1c 0 140762 827908 802189 2026-04-30T07:13:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kis Din Mera Viyah Howay Ga (Season 4) ''' jerin wasan kwaikwayo ne [['Yan Pakistan]] wanda aka watsa a Geo Entertainment wanda shine kakar wasa ta huɗu ta Kis Din Mera Vyah Howay ga a matsayin sitcom na musamman na Ramadan. A baya jerin sun fara kakar wasa ta 1, 2 da 3 a cikin 2011, 2012, da 2013 bi da bi. Kowace shekara ana gabatar da sabbin jagororin mata yayin da manyan haruffa na Nazaakat (Aijaz Aslam) da Sheedo (Faysal Qureshi) sun kasance iri ɗaya. Shirin ya fara shi a karo na 4 bayan rata na shekaru biyar a ranar 17 ga Mayu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kis Din Mera Viyah Howay Ga is Back this Ramadan |url=https://celebdhaba.com/kis-din-mera-viyah-howay-ga-back-new-season/ |access-date=19 May 2018 |publisher=celebdhaba.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Comedy series sake gudana a tashar daga 25 ga Agusta 2018 sannan Tohmat ya biyo baya kuma ana watsa shi kowane mako. Wannan kakar ta nuna bayyanar farko ta Ghana Ali, Shafaat Ali, Fakhr-e-Alam da Yashma Gill a cikin wannan jerin wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan kakar ta samar da gidan samar da Aijaz Aslam, Ice Media da Entertainment. Aijaz Alsam kuma ya sake taka rawa sau biyu a cikin sitcom a matsayin mai adawa Don Bhai da [[Salman Khan]] mai tsananin sha'awar Chaudhary Nazakat . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2018 |title=Your favorite Chaudhry Nazakat and Sheedo return with Kis Din Mera Viyah Howay Ga season 4, this Ramazan! |url=https://www.oyeyeah.com/entertainment/favorite-chaudhry-nazakat-sheedo-return-kis-din-mera-viyah-howay-ga-season-4-ramazan/ |access-date=20 September 2018 |publisher=Oye Yeah! |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213103/https://www.oyeyeah.com/entertainment/favorite-chaudhry-nazakat-sheedo-return-kis-din-mera-viyah-howay-ga-season-4-ramazan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Makirci == Don, gaba ɗaya homomorphic kuma mutum ɗaya na Nazakat, yana nan a Duniya. Shin Nazakat zai iya yin bikin aure a wannan kakar, ko kuma Don zai sami rana? == Hotuna da haruffa == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !'Yan wasan kwaikwayo !Halinsa !Matsayi |- |Aijaz Aslam |Chaudhary Nazakat / Don |Ɗan Ch. Takat, kuma ɗan'uwan Don da Ch. Barkat |- |Faysal Qureshi |Sheeda / Sheedo / Jabar Khan / Samso Sehgawara |Sunan gaskiya shine Sheeda amma ya canza kansa zuwa haruffa da yawa kamar Sheedo, Jabar Khan, Samso Sehgawara . |- |Maira Bangash |Jeanie |Yarinyar Johny Dollar |- |Fakhr-e-Alam |Maseedo/Ka/Maddy |Disguiser a cikin DIG Ejaz House, kamar Sheedo. |- |Ghana Ali |Hania |'Yar'uwar Taniya |- |Hashim Butt |Chaudhary Barkat |Ɗan Ch. Takat da ɗan'uwan Ch. Nazakat da Don |- |Sangeeta |Zubaida / Chaudrain |Matar farko ta Ch. Barkat |- |Yashma Gill |Taniya |'Yar'uwar Haniya |- |Shafaat Ali |Shafaat / Chacha Hero |Bhateeja na Ch. Nazakat da Ɗan Ch. Barkat da Hameeda |- |Shermeen Ali |Masooma Pyaari |Sakataren Don |- |Salahudin Tunio |DIG Ejaz |Mahaifin Haniya da Taniya |- |Raza mai laushi |Johnny dollar / Rose Marry | |- |Sophia Ahmed |Shahnaz Phupho |'Yar'uwar DIG Ejaz |- |Ali Salman |Chaudhary Takat |Mahaifin Ch. Nazakat, Don da Ch. Barkat |- |Humaira Zahid |Hameeda |Matar Ch ta biyu. Barkat da Uwar Shafaat |- |Adnan Shah Tipu |Sufeto Saleem |Wani Sufeto a cikin birni. |- |Ayaz Ahmed |Abin da aka yi amfani da shi |Maza Mad a Gidan DIG |- |Asma Saif |Gulabo |Mata Mad a Gidan DIG |- |Wajhi Farooqi |Sata |Guy na Don. |- |Faysal Mehmood Khan |Wata |Guy na Don. |} == Bayani game da lokacin == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="padding: 0 8px" |Lokacin ! rowspan="2" style="padding: 0 8px" |A'a. na abubuwan da suka faru ! colspan="2" |An fara watsa shirye-shirye <small> ([[Pakistan]]) </small> |- ! style="padding: 0 8px" |Abu na farko ! style="padding: 0 8px" |Abu na karshe |- | style="background:#f00;" | | style="text-align:center;" |4 | style="text-align:center;" |31 | style="text-align:center;" |{{Start date|2018|5|17}} | style="text-align:center;" |{{End date|2018|6|18}} |} == Bayani na watsa shirye-shirye == {| class="sortable wikitable" !Kasar !Cibiyar sadarwa !Jerin farko !Bayani |- |{{Flag|Pakistan}} |Geo Nishaɗi |17 ga Mayu 2018 |[[Urdu]] |} == Dubi kuma == * Jerin shirye-shiryen da Geo TV ta watsa * Geo Nishaɗi * Suno Chanda == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Kis Din Mera Viyah Howay Ga season 4a kanFacebook s8c21k4hcr0cmchq7kbpl1w34dgak20 0 141051 827818 814683 2026-04-29T20:10:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Judy Blunt''' (an haife ta a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1954) [[Marubuci|marubuciya]] ce 'yar Amurka daga [[Montana]] . Babban aikinta na yau shine ''Breaking Clean'', tarin kasidu masu alaƙa da ke bincika yadda ta girma a karkara. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Blunt a wani wurin kiwon shanu a wani yanki mai nisa na gundumar Phillips, Montana, kusa da Regina, kudu da Malta, Montana . A shekarar 1986, ta ƙaura da ƙananan 'ya'yanta uku zuwa Missoula don halartar Jami'ar Montana . <ref> name="MainHalltoMainStreet">{{Cite web |title=UM author Judy Blunt hits the big time with 'Breaking Clean' |url=http://www.umt.edu/urelations/MainHall/302/blunt.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108211501/http://www.umt.edu/urelations/MainHall/302/blunt.htm |archive-date=8 November 2010 |access-date=18 January 2010 |publisher=[[University of Montana]]}}</ref> Daga baya ta mayar da labaran rayuwar gonarta zuwa tarihin rayuwarta, ''Breaking Clean'' (Knopf 2002), wanda ya lashe kyautar Whiting Award, kyautar PEN/Jerard Fund Award, <ref>name="MainHalltoMainStreet">{{Cite web |title=UM author Judy Blunt hits the big time with 'Breaking Clean' |url=http://www.umt.edu/urelations/MainHall/302/blunt.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108211501/http://www.umt.edu/urelations/MainHall/302/blunt.htm |archive-date=8 November 2010 |access-date=18 January 2010 |publisher=[[University of Montana]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101108211501/http://www.umt.edu/urelations/MainHall/302/blunt.htm "UM author Judy Blunt hits the big time with 'Breaking Clean'"]. [[University of Montana]]. Archived from [http://www.umt.edu/urelations/MainHall/302/blunt.htm the original] on 8 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> kyautar littattafai marasa almara na Mountains and Plains, da kyautar Willa Cather Literary Award, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin Littattafan da aka fi sani {{'}} ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'' . Ta sami lambar yabo ta Jacob K. Javits Graduate Fellowship da kuma ƙungiyar masu fasaha ta Montana Arts Council. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking Clean (reading group guide) |url=http://www.readinggroupguides.com/guides3/breaking_clean2.asp#bio |access-date=18 January 2010 |publisher=Reading Group Guides }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, ta sami lambar yabo ta National Endowment for the Arts award, kuma a shekara ta 2006 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Guggenheim a cikin Nonfiction. Rubuce-rubucenta da waƙoƙinta sun bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafe kamar ''The New York Times'', ''Big Sky Journal'' da ''Oprah Magazine'' . Ta kuma rubuta gabatarwar Joaquina Ballard Howles, ''No More Giants'' . Blunt ta sami digirinta na MFA daga Jami'ar Montana a shekarar 1994. A halin yanzu tana zaune a Missoula, inda ita Farfesa ce mai ritaya kuma darakta a fannin rubuce-rubuce na kirkire-kirkire a Jami'ar Montana . == Littattafan tarihi == * ''Breaking Clean'', Knopf: 2002 (rufe mai kauri), <small>[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780753198223|<bdi>9780753198223</bdi>]]</small> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060430182507/http://www.powells.com/authors/blunt.html Hira da Powells.com] * [http://www.randomhouse.com/author/results.pperl?authorid=2624 Tarihin marubucin Random House] * [http://januarymagazine.com/biography/breakingclean.html Sharhin Mujallar Janairu na] ''Breaking Clean'' * [http://randomhouse.com/knopf/authors/blunt/excerpt.html An ɗauko daga] ''Breaking Clean'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101108211501/http://www.umt.edu/urelations/MainHall/302/blunt.htm Bayanin tarihin rayuwar U na M/jawabin manema labarai] * [http://www.bookbrowse.com/author_interviews/full/index.cfm?author_number=743 Tattaunawa da Judy Blunt, marubucin littafin Breaking Clean] * [http://www.whiting.org/awards/winners/judy-blunt#/ Bayanin martaba a Gidauniyar Whiting] * https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/52959.Judy_Blunt * [https://www.ancestry.com/stories/public/connect/matches-found?gender=female&firstname=Mary&lastname=Fields&birthlocation=Hickman%20County,%20Tennessee,%20USA&birthlocationid=1362&campaign=8b78cd49-faa2-40fe-8603-ce282d3013e1&_gl=1*1lqmuio*_ga*MjA3OTQyNzczMi4xNzQxMTI0MTY1*_ga_LMK6K2LSJH*YWMxOGNkZGQtZmUxNi00NTZlLWFhN2QtM2QzYzIxMzVjNTQ1LjIuMC4xNzQxMTQxMzk2LjAuMC4w*_gcl_au*OTE4MDc2MzkwLjE3NDExMjQxNTk.*_ga_4QT8FMEX30*YWMxOGNkZGQtZmUxNi00NTZlLWFhN2QtM2QzYzIxMzVjNTQ1LjIuMC4xNzQxMTQxMzkxLjYwLjAuMA.. https://www.ancestry.com/stories/public/connect/matches-found?gender=female&firstname=Mary&lastname=Fields&birthlocation=Hickman%20County,%20Tennessee,%20USA&birthlocaid=1362&campaign=8b78cd49-faa2-40fe-8603-ce282d3013e1&_gl=1*1lqmuio*_ga*MjA3O TQyNzczMi4xNzQxMTI0MTY1*_ga_LMK6K2LSJH*YWMxOGNkZGQtZmUxNi00NTZlLWFhN2QtM2QzYzIxMzVjNTQ1LjIuMC4xNzQxQxMzk2Lw_ OTE4MDc2MzkwLjE3NDExMjQxNTk.*_ga_4QT8FMEX30*YWMxOGNkZGQtZmUxNi00NTZlLWFhN2QtM2QzYzYzIxMzVjNTQ1LjIuMC4xNzQxMTQ1LjIuMC4xNzQxMTQxMzLk.] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] 6osf15jwyo4jwl4so1q8o771m0r6z14 0 141642 827886 814860 2026-04-30T01:27:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karilyn Crockett''' (an haife ta a watan Yuni 1973) ƙwararriyar masaniyar tarihi ce, malamar makaranta, kuma mai tsara al'umma, wacce ke mai da hankali kan ci gaban birane, daidaiton launin fata, da kuma tunawa da al'umma. Crockett, wacce take zaune a [[Boston]], Massachusetts, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara manufofin birane na gida da kuma hulɗar jama'a ta hanyar aikinta na ilimi da kuma rawar da take takawa a gwamnatin birni. An fi saninta da littafinta na ''People Before Highways: Boston Activists, Urban Planners and a New Movement for City Making,'' wanda ke binciko juriyar gine-ginen manyan hanyoyi a Boston a shekarun 1960 da kuma jagorantar Hacking the Archive, wani shiri na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin al'umma don amfani da kayan tarihi da na tarihi don tsara ayyukan adalci. A shekarar 2024, mujallar Boston ta naɗa ta ɗaya daga cikin 150 mafi tasiri a Bostonians. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-22 |title=The 150 Most Influential Bostonians in 2024 |url=https://www.bostonmagazine.com/boston-power-list-2024/ |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=Boston Magazine}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Crockett a watan Yunin 1973 kuma ta girma a unguwar Dorchester da ke Boston, Massachusetts. Bayan kammala karatunta na farko, Crockett ta sami digirin farko a fannin Al'adu da Dan Adam daga Jami'ar Yale a shekarar 1995. Ta ci gaba da karatunta a ƙasashen waje, inda ta sami digirin Master of Science a fannin Geography daga Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London . Daga baya ta koma Yale, inda ta sami digirin Master of Arts a fannin Addini da Ɗabi'a daga Makarantar Yale Divinity, da kuma digirin Ph.D. a fannin Nazarin Amirka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=In the news: Karilyn Crockett – The Bay State Banner |url=https://baystatebanner.com/2018/08/03/in-the-news-karilyn-crockett/ |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=baystatebanner.com}}</ref> A shekarar 1995, Crockett ta haɗu ta kafa MYTOWN, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mytown: Youth, Change and History in Boston |url=https://www.thepolisblog.org/2010/06/mytown-youth-change-and-history-in.html |access-date=2025-05-15}}</ref> wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke Boston wadda ke jan hankalin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a tarihin jama'a . Ta hanyar MYTOWN, ɗalibai sun gudanar da bincike na tarihi kuma sun jagoranci yawon shakatawa a unguwanninsu, suna nuna tarihin baƙar fata da baƙi da aka saba watsi da su a birnin. An yaba wa MYTOWN wajen samar da ayyuka ga matasa sama da 300 a Boston kuma an sanya mata suna "Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun Shirye-shiryen Bil Adama na Matasa goma a Amurka" ta National Endowment for the Humanities . <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-06-29 |title=Dr. Karilyn Crockett appointed as Chief of Equity for the City of Boston {{!}} Boston.gov |url=https://www.boston.gov/news/dr-karilyn-crockett-appointed-chief-equity-city-boston |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=www.boston.gov |language=en}}</ref> Crockett ta bayyana MYTOWN a matsayin "aikinta na farko da ta yi daga kwaleji" kuma wani ɓangare na aikinta na ƙwararru. == Sana'a == Crockett mataimakiyar farfesa ce a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) a Sashen Nazarin Birane da Tsare-tsare. Aikinta na ilimi ya binciko mahadar launin fata, yanayin ƙasa, da manufofin jama'a, yana mai da hankali kan yadda tunawa da tarihi zai iya taimaka wa ayyukan tsare-tsare na zamani. Kafin ta zama farfesa a MIT, Crockett ta riƙe manyan mukamai da dama a gwamnatin birnin Boston, ciki har da Daraktan Manufofin Tattalin Arziki da Bincike da kuma Daraktan Ci gaban Ƙananan Kasuwanci. A shekarar 2020, magajin garin Boston Martin J. Walsh ya naɗa Crockett a matsayin Shugaban Daidaito na farko, wani matsayi na matakin majalisar ministoci. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-06-29 |title=Dr. Karilyn Crockett appointed as Chief of Equity for the City of Boston {{!}} Boston.gov |url=https://www.boston.gov/news/dr-karilyn-crockett-appointed-chief-equity-city-boston |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=www.boston.gov |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.boston.gov/news/dr-karilyn-crockett-appointed-chief-equity-city-boston "Dr. Karilyn Crockett appointed as Chief of Equity for the City of Boston | Boston.gov"]. ''www.boston.gov''. 2020-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-15</span></span>.</cite></ref> A matsayinta na Babban Jami'in Daidaito na farko a Boston, Crockett ta mayar da hankali kan haɗa adalci da adalci a cikin ayyukan birni da tsare-tsare. Aikinta ya ta'allaka ne kan gina tsare-tsaren manufofi na dogon lokaci waɗanda ke magance rashin daidaito na tsarin. Ta yi murabus daga muƙamin bayan ƙasa da shekara guda, inda wasu ke hasashen cewa za ta tsaya takarar magajin gari don maye gurbin Walsh. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-04 |title=Boston Equity Chief Karilyn Crockett Resigns |url=https://www.wgbh.org/news/politics/2021-03-03/boston-equity-chief-karilyn-crockett-resigns |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=GBH |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, Crockett ta buga littafin ''People Before Highways: Boston Activist, Urban Planners, and a New Movement for City Making'' tare da Jami'ar Massachusetts Press . Littafin ya ba da labarin adawar jama'a ga shirin fadada manyan hanyoyi a Boston a shekarun 1960. Yana nuna kokarin masu fafutukar unguwa, Crockett ya yi bayani dalla-dalla kan yadda talakawa 'yan kasa ke kalubalantar shirye-shiryen sabunta birane daga sama zuwa sama da kuma sake fasalin muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi ci gaban birnin. Laburaren Jama'a na Boston ya sanya wa littafin suna daya daga cikin "Littattafai Goma Mafi Kyau Game da Boston na shekarun 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 Boston Books of the 2010s |url=https://bpl.bibliocommons.com/v2/list/display/587282867/1534376779 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=Boston Public Library |language=en-US}}</ref> == Daraja da kyaututtuka == An ba Crockett kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da dama saboda kyawunta a fannin bincike da tsara al'umma. Kyaututtukanta sun haɗa da: * Kyautar Paul Gray don Ayyukan Jama'a, Cibiyar Hidima ta Jama'a ta MIT Priscilla King Gray, 2025 <ref>{{Cite web |title=🎉Congratulations to Dr. Karilyn Crockett, the recipient of the Paul Gray… {{!}} MIT Priscilla King Gray Public Service Center (PKG Center) {{!}} 37 comments |url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/pkg-psc_congratulations-to-dr-karilyn-crockett-activity-7326621991887675393-SXkR |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=www.linkedin.com |language=en}}</ref> * Mata Baƙaƙe Masu Jagoranci, Babban Titina Babban Shirin Mata Baƙaƙe Masu Jagoranci, 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Women Lead |url=https://www.greatergrovehall.org/black-women-lead/ |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=Greater Grove Hall Main Streets |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516191601/https://www.greatergrovehall.org/black-women-lead/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kyautar William Sloane Coffin '56 don Zaman Lafiya da Adalci, Makarantar Allahntaka ta Yale, 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Karilyn Crockett '95 B.A. '06 M.A.R. '13 Ph.D. {{!}} Yale Divinity School |url=https://divinity.yale.edu/alumni/alumni-awards/award-recipients/prof-karilyn-crockett-95-ba-06-mar-13-phd |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=divinity.yale.edu |archive-date=2025-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250326140719/https://divinity.yale.edu/alumni/alumni-awards/award-recipients/prof-karilyn-crockett-95-ba-06-mar-13-phd |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Jami'in Gwamnati na Addini da Rayuwar Jama'a, Makarantar Allahntaka ta Harvard, 2021-2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-11 |title=Government Fellow 2021-22 {{!}} Religion and Public Life |url=https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/news/2022/04/government-fellow-2021-22 |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=rpl.hds.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref> * Kyautar Takalmin Zinare na Walk Massachusetts, Walk Massachusetts, 2003 == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] 9lnnj177b5snxqdtsvkuueysw65nqhe 0 141689 827813 799091 2026-04-29T19:47:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joycelyn Harrison''' (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga Janairu, 1964) injiniya ce 'yar asalin Afirka-Amurka wacce ita ce mataimakiyar shugabar Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha ta Jami'ar Jihar Kent . A shekara ta 2006 an ba ta lambar yabo ta NASA . Bincikenta ya yi la'akari da haɓaka sabbin kayan piezoelectric . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Harrison a Chattanooga, Tennessee . <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers Video Oral History with Joycelyn Harrison |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2012_173_Harrison_Joycelyn_EAD.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=The History Makers}}</ref> Aikinta na farko shine wanke gashin mutane a cikin salon gyaran gashi na mahaifiyarta. <ref> name=":0" </ref> Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta North Chattanooga inda malamarta, Stu Silvernman, ta ƙarfafa ta ta nemi aiki a fannin injiniyan sinadarai. <ref> name=":0" </ref> Ta shiga Kwalejin Spelman a matsayin ɗaliba ta farko, inda ta yi digiri a fannin injiniyan sinadarai. Bayan ta sami digiri na farko, Harrison ta koma Georgia Tech . <ref> name=":0" </ref> <ref> name=":3">{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Sensing/Actuating Materials Made from Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites Patent (2008) |url=https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-33882 |access-date=2020-08-22 |website=Oxford African American Studies Center |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.33882 |isbn=9780195301731}}</ref> == Bincike da aiki == A shekarar 1994, Harrison ta shiga Cibiyar Bincike ta NASA Langley a matsayin injiniyan bincike. <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Joycelyn Harrison's Biography |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/joycelyn-harrison-1 |access-date=2020-08-21 |website=The HistoryMakers |language=en}}</ref> A Langley ta yi aiki tare da Terry L. St. Clair kan kayan piezoelectric da polymers masu aiki da lantarki. Zuwa shekarar 1999, an ƙara wa Harrison matsayi zuwa Reshen Kayan Aiki da Sarrafawa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers Video Oral History with Joycelyn Harrison |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2012_173_Harrison_Joycelyn_EAD.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=The History Makers}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2012_173_Harrison_Joycelyn_EAD.pdf "Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers Video Oral History with Joycelyn Harrison"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''The History Makers''.</cite></ref> Harrison ya yi aiki a kan Thin-Layer Composite-Unimorph Piezoelectric Driver and Sensor, ''THUNDER'', wata sabuwar na'ura da za ta iya gano canje-canje a cikin kayan wayo masu amsawa. Musamman ma, ana iya amfani da THUNDER a tsarin lantarki, kayan gani da kuma duk inda ake buƙatar rage hayaniya ko jitter. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bellis |first=Mary |last2=films |first2=inventors for ThoughtCo for 18 years She is known for her independent |last3=documentaries |last4=Alex |first4=including one about |last5=Bellis |first5=er Graham Bell our editorial process Mary |date= |title=African American Inventors You Should Know: Joycelyn Harrison |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/african-american-inventors-at-nasa-p3-1991905 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-08-22 |website=ThoughtCo |language=en}}</ref> An ba ''THUNDER'' kyautar Advantage Business Media R&D 100. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers Video Oral History with Joycelyn Harrison |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2012_173_Harrison_Joycelyn_EAD.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=The History Makers}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2012_173_Harrison_Joycelyn_EAD.pdf "Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers Video Oral History with Joycelyn Harrison"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''The History Makers''.</cite></ref> THUNDER wani ɓangare ne na shirin gyaran NASA, wanda ya yi kama da zai ba da damar ƙirƙirar saman tauraron dan adam daga nesa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Sensing/Actuating Materials Made from Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites Patent (2008) |url=https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-33882 |access-date=2020-08-22 |website=Oxford African American Studies Center |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.33882 |isbn=9780195301731}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-33882 "Sensing/Actuating Materials Made from Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites Patent (2008)"]. ''Oxford African American Studies Center''. 2009. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.33882|10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.33882]]. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780195301731|<bdi>9780195301731</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2009 Harrison ta shiga dakin gwaje-gwajen binciken sojojin sama, inda ta yi aiki a kan shirin kayan aiki marasa yawa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Joycelyn Harrison's Biography |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/joycelyn-harrison-1 |access-date=2020-08-21 |website=The HistoryMakers |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/joycelyn-harrison-1 "Joycelyn Harrison's Biography"]. ''The HistoryMakers''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-21</span></span>.</cite></ref> Daga ƙarshe aka naɗa ta Daraktan Tsarin Kasafin Kuɗi, kuma ta kula da fayil ɗin bincike na [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka]] na dala miliyan 500. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=CAE's Associate Dean Harrison Wins Dominion's Strong Men, Strong Women Award {{!}} Kent State University |url=https://www.kent.edu/cae/news/caes-associate-dean-harrison-wins-dominions-strong-men-strong-women-award |access-date=2020-08-21 |website=www.kent.edu |language=en}}</ref> Harrison ta shiga Jami'ar Kent State a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Bincike a Kwalejin Injiniya da Sararin Sama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=5 African-American leaders recognized as 'Strong Men & Women in Virginia History' |url=http://richmondfreepress.com/news/2020/feb/14/5-african-american-leaders-recognized-strong-men-w/ |access-date=2020-08-21 |website=richmondfreepress.com}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == * Kyautar Tauraro ta Mata ta Ƙasa a Fasahar Launi ta 1998 <ref name=":2"/> * Lambar Nasara ta Musamman ta 2000 <ref name=":1"/> * Kyautar Jagoranci Mai Kyau ta NASA ta 2006 <ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA - Outstanding Leadership Medal |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_OLM_06.26.06.html |access-date=2020-08-21 |website=www.nasa.gov |language=en |archive-date=2017-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704232749/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_OLM_06.26.06.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * An karrama Dominion Energy da Laburare na Virginia na 2020 "Maza da Mata Masu Ƙarfi" a Virginia <ref name=":2" /> == Zaɓi wallafe-wallafe == * {{Cite journal |last=Ounaies |first=Z. |author-link=Zoubeida Ounaies |last2=Park |first2=C. |last3=Wise |first3=K. E. |last4=Siochi |first4=E. J. |last5=Harrison |first5=J. S. |date=2003-08-01 |title=Electrical properties of single wall carbon nanotube reinforced polyimide composites |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266353803000678 |journal=Composites Science and Technology |series=Modeling and Characterization of Nanostructured Materials |language=en |volume=63 |issue=11 |pages=1637–1646 |doi=10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00067-8 |issn=0266-3538 |url-access=subscription}} *   * {{Cite journal |last=Park |first=Cheol |last2=Ounaies |first2=Zoubeida |author-link2=Zoubeida Ounaies |last3=Watson |first3=Kent A |last4=Crooks |first4=Roy E |last5=Smith |first5=Joseph |last6=Lowther |first6=Sharon E |last7=Connell |first7=John W |last8=Siochi |first8=Emilie J |last9=Harrison |first9=Joycelyn S |last10=Clair |first10=Terry L. St |date=2002-10-04 |title=Dispersion of single wall carbon nanotubes by in situ polymerization under sonication |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000926140201326X |journal=Chemical Physics Letters |language=en |volume=364 |issue=3 |pages=303–308 |bibcode=2002CPL...364..303P |doi=10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01326-X |issn=0009-2614 |url-access=subscription}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] slyz9d05vhjcdjga0i55ab0vdppd2sm 0 141958 827880 800063 2026-04-30T00:55:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Kadavul_tandavas.jpg|thumb|Sculptures na Karanas da allahn rawa - Nataraja - yayi a Kadavul Hindu Temple, akan Kauai, Hawaii.]] '''Karana''' s su ne manyan sauyi 108 <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title="108 Karanas: The Karanas are synchronized movement of hands and feet" |url=http://site.voila.fr/bharatanatyam/natya_karanas.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722092513/http://bharatanatyam.voila.net/natya_karanas.html |archive-date=2012-07-22 |access-date=2012-05-09 |publisher=Site.voila.fr}}</ref> a cikin rawar gargajiya ta Indiya da aka bayyana a Babi na 4 mai suna "Tandava Lakshana" na Natya Shastra . ''Karana'' suna ne na baki [[Sanskrit|na Sanskrit]], ma'ana "yi". == Bayani == Natya Shastra ta bayyana cewa Karanas su ne tsarin shirye-shiryen "margi" (pan-Indian classic) waɗanda ake tsammanin za su haskaka masu kallo a ruhaniya, sabanin shirye-shiryen "desi" (rawar jama'a ta yanki ko ta pop) waɗanda za su iya nishadantar da masu kallo kawai. "Wanda ya yi kyau wannan rawar Karana da Maheswara ta ƙirƙira zai 'yantu daga dukkan zunubai zuwa gidan wannan allahn," in ji Natya Shastra <ref>Natya Shastra translated by Manmohan Ghosh 2002 Chowkhamba Press, Varanasi {{ISBN|81-7080-079-X}} - Page 75.</ref> [[Fayil:Vrscikakuttitam_Karana.png|left|thumb|Bambancin Vrscikakuttitam karana]] Wasu daga cikin sanannun fassarorin karanas sun fito ne daga Padma Subramanyam waɗanda suka dogara ne akan gajerun jimloli 108 na motsi waɗanda ke bayyana takamaiman motsi na ƙafa, kwatangwalo, jiki, da hannu tare da hasta mudras da aka bayyana a cikin Natya shastra da sauran littattafai, da kuma daga zane-zanen motsi a cikin sassaka a cikin gidajen ibada guda biyar na Kudancin Indiya, musamman haikalin Chidambaram wanda ya ƙunshi hotunan cikakken saitin. Padma Subrahmanyam ta rubuta wani littafi mai suna Karanas-Codes na rawa na Indiya da Indonesia, bisa ga bincikenta na karanas daga gidajen ibada na Prambanan (Indonesia), Thanjavur, Kumbakonam, Chidambaram, Thiruvannamalai, da Vriddhachalam. A ƙarni na 20, ita ce 'yar rawa ta farko da ta sake gina Karanas a matsayin motsi, waɗanda aka ɗauke su a matsayin kawai yanayin da suka gabata. Wasu malaman addinin Bharatanatyam, kamar Adyar Lakshman (makarantar Kalakshetra), da kuma malaman addinin Kuchipudi Vempati Chinna Satyam da CRAcharya suma sun yi ƙoƙarin sake gina dukkan karana 108, waɗanda galibi sun bambanta sosai da fassarar Padma Subrahmanyam har ma a matakin chari (motsi ƙafa) babu wata yarjejeniya game da fassarar wace ce daidai. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (November 2019)">a cewar wa?</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Saboda bambance-bambancen da ke cikin zane-zanen, yawancin makarantun gargajiya na Bharatanatyam sun ɗauki salon Padma Subrahmanyam, wanda ya haɗa Karanas a matsayin ba daidai ba, wanda ya tilasta mata sanya salon nata a matsayin [[Bharatanrityam]] maimakon Bharatanatyam . Yawancin almajiran Padma Subrahmanyam, kamar Bala Devi Chandrashekar (SPNAP Academy of performing art) - [https://dancersujathamohan.com/ Sujatha Mohan] (Padmashree Nrithyalaya), Uma Sriram, Jayashree Rajagopalan, Dominique Delorme (Faransa) da sauransu suna koyar da karanas 108 bisa ga binciken Subramanyam. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Akwai da. devadasis wanda ya yi dukkan karana 108. Duk da haka, yanzu a mafi yawan makarantun Bharatanatyam ko Odissi na zamani, ƙaramin adadin karanas da abubuwan da suka samo asali ne kawai aka yada ta hanyar parampara har zuwa yanzu. Baya ga haka, yin wasan Karana iri ɗaya ya bambanta sosai a cikin salon gargajiya na Indiyawa daban-daban. A halin yanzu, dangane da ainihin dabarar, babu ƙa'idodi da aka kafa kuma babu fassarar rubuce-rubuce da sassaka da aka amince da su a duk duniya. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Jerin Karanas 108 == # Talapuṣpapuṭam # Vartitam # Valitōrukam # Apaviddham # Samanakham # Līnam # Swastikarēchitam # Manḍalaswastikam # Nikuṭṭakam # Ardhanikuṭṭam # Kaṭīchinnam # Ardharēchitam # Vakśaswastikam # Unmattam # Swastikam # Pṭhaswastikam # Dikswastikam # Alātam # Kaṭīsam # Ākśiptarēchitam # Babban Shafi # Ardhaswastikam # Añchitam # Bhujaṅgatrāsitam # Ūrdhvajānu # Nikuñchitam # Mattalli # Ardhamattalli # Rēchitanikuṭṭam # Pādāpaviddakam # Valitam # Gūrṇitam # Lalitam # Daḍapakśam # Bhujagatrastarēchitam # Nūpuram # Vaiṣākharēchitam # Bhramaram # Chaturam # Bhujaṅgāñchitam # Daḍarēchitam # Vṛśchikakuṭṭitam # Kaṭībhrāntam # Latāvṛśchikam # Chinnam # Vṛśchikarēchitam # Vṛśchikam # Vyamsitam # Pārśvanikuṭṭakam # Lalāṭatilakam # Krāntam # Kuñchitam # Chakramaṇḍalam # Urōmaṇḍalam # Akśiptam # Talavilāsitam # Argaḷam # Vikṣiptam # Avartam # Dōlāpādam # Vivṛttam # Vinivṛttam # Pārśvakrāntam # Niṣumbhitam # Vidyutbhrāntam # Atikrāntam # Vivartitakam # Gajakrīḍitam # Talasamsphoṭitam # Garuḍaplutam # Gaṇḍasūchī # Parīvṛttam # Pārśvajānu # Gṛdrāvalīnakam # Sannatam # Sūchi # Ardhasūchī # Sūchīviddham # Apakrāntam # Mayuralatim # Sarpitam # Danɗapādam # Harinaplutam # Prēnkōlitam # Nitambam # Skalitam # Karihastam # Prasarpitam # Simhavikrīḍitam # Simhākarṣitam # Udvṛttam # Upaśṛtam # Talasaṅghaṭṭitam # Janitam # Avahittakam # Nivēśam # Ēlakākrīditam # Ūrūdvṛttam # Madaskalitam # Viṣṇukrāntam # Sambhrāntam # Viśkhambam # Udghaṭṭitam # Vṛśabhakrīḍitam # Lōlitam # Nagāpasarpitam # Śakaṭāsyam # Gaṅgāvataranam == Duba kuma == * Kuchipudi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://site.voila.fr/bharatanatyam/Karana.html Padma Subrahmanyam, "Bharatha Natyam - Rawar Gargajiya ta Tsoffin Tamils. Matsayin Zane-zanen Rawa a Tamilnad (1968)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901235017/http://site.voila.fr/bharatanatyam/Karana.html |date=2009-09-01 }} Archived Gabatarwar P. Subrahmanyam, tare da hotuna da ke nuna karana 108. fauakjofl3erggc8z5v2ctr28tf6767 0 142506 827902 801680 2026-04-30T05:11:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Keren D. Rice''' OC (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949) [[ilimin harsuna|masanin harshe]] ne na [[Canadians|Kanada]]. Ita farfesa ce a fannin ilimin harshe kuma tana aiki a matsayin darakta na Cibiyar Aboriginal Initiatives a [[University of Toronto|Jami'ar Toronto]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Office of the Vice-Provost and Provost, University of Toronto |url=http://www.provost.utoronto.ca/awards/presidentaward/kerenrice.htm |access-date=January 13, 2015}}</ref><ref name="aaa&s2">{{Cite web |title=Keren D. Rice |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/keren-d-rice |access-date=17 July 2023 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == Rice ta sami digirinta na PhD a 1976 daga Jami'ar Toronto, tare da rubutun da ake kira, "Hare phonology. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-18 |title=PhD Alumni |url=https://www.linguistics.utoronto.ca/graduate-programs/phd-alumni |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=Department of Linguistics |language=en}}</ref> Ta wallafa ayyuka da yawa a cikin ilimin harsuna da na 'yan asalin Amurka, musamman a kan Harsunan Athabaskan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Scholar – Keren Rice citations |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,32&q=Keren+Rice&btnG= |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> Ta ƙware a cikin bincike kan Slavey, yaren asalin da ake magana a yankunan Arewa maso Yammacin Kanada, kuma ta daɗe tana da hannu wajen kiyayewa da sake farfado da yaren. Ta ba da gudummawa ga nazarin alamar sauti (Rice 2007) da kuma hulɗar ilimin sauti, ilimin halitta da kuma ma'anar (Rice 2000). == Kyaututtuka da bambance-bambance == * An zabi Rice a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar American Association for the Advancement of Science a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AAAS Member Central: Fellows |url=http://membercentral.aaas.org/fellows?LastName=R&Section=All&Country=CANADA&State=All&name=Rice&company= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150125182610/http://membercentral.aaas.org/fellows?LastName=R&Section=All&Country=CANADA&State=All&name=Rice&company= |archive-date=January 25, 2015 |access-date=January 25, 2015}}</ref> An zabe ta a matsayin abokiyar kungiyar Linguistic Society of America a shekara ta 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=LSA Fellows by Year of Induction {{!}} Linguistic Society of America |url=https://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/lsa-fellows-year-induction |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=www.linguisticsociety.org}}</ref> * An zabi Rice a matsayin memba na American Philosophical Society a shekarar 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?smode=advanced;f1-date=2014;startDoc=21}}</ref> * Daga 2002 zuwa 2008 ta yi aiki a kwamitin Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Kimiyya ta Jama'a (SSHRC), hukumar bayar da tallafi ta gwamnatin tarayya ta Kanada . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Keren Rice |url=http://www.provost.utoronto.ca/awards/uprofessors/complete/KerenRice.htm |access-date=February 1, 2015}}</ref> * A shekara ta 2011 ta sami Kyautar Killam, wacce ake ba da ita a kowace shekara ga manyan malaman kimiyya biyar na Kanada saboda nasarorin da suka samu a fannonin kimiyya da bincike na ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 19, 2011 |title=Canada Council awards five prominent scholars $100,000 Killam Prizes |url=http://canadacouncil.ca/council/news-room/news/2011/killam-prizes-%282011%29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217003616/http://canadacouncil.ca/council/news-room/news/2011/killam-prizes-(2011) |archive-date=December 17, 2015 |access-date=January 25, 2015}}</ref> * A shekara ta 2013 ta lashe lambar yabo ta kasa daga Kungiyar Harshe ta Kanada don gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga fannin ilimin harshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prix nationaux d'excellence / National Achievement Awards |url=http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cla-acl/excellence.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816112605/http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cla-acl/excellence.html |archive-date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=January 25, 2014}}</ref> * A shekara ta 2013 Gwamna Janar na Kanada ya nada ta a matsayin Jami'i a cikin Order of Canada, wanda shine daya daga cikin manyan girmamawar farar hula na Kanada. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Order of Canada Appointments |url=http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=15482 |access-date=January 13, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114110441/http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=15482 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LSA : Laurels for Linguists |url=http://www.linguisticsociety.org/news/2014/01/17/laurels-linguists-keren-rice-made-officer-order-canada |access-date=January 25, 2015}}</ref> * A shekara ta 2015 an zabe ta a matsayin Fellow a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka.<ref name="aaa&s">{{Cite web |title=Keren D. Rice |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/keren-d-rice |access-date=17 July 2023 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> * A cikin 2015 Rice ta sami lambar yabo ta Pierre Chauveau na Royal Society of Canada, wanda aka ba ta kyauta saboda ci gaba da gudummawarta a matsayin malami, gami da aikinta mai yawa a cikin takardun harshe, gwagwarmaya, da ilimin harshe. * Rice ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar harshe ta Kanada daga 1998 zuwa 2002 * Rice ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Linguistic Society of America (LSA) a shekarar 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Presidents: Linguistic Society of America |url=http://www.linguisticsociety.org/about/who-we-are/presidents |access-date=January 13, 2015}}</ref> * Rice ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Association for Linguistic Typology (ALT) daga 2020 har zuwa 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Association for Linguistic Typology – Officers |url=https://linguistic-typology.org/officers/ |access-date=May 26, 2023}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==manazarta== f750buyn7y9ynqzfc9g4m240kxxr2o8 0 142600 827742 801917 2026-04-29T15:24:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Johanna Baxter''' 'yar siyasa ce ta jam'iyyar Labour ta Scotland wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin ' yar majalisar dokoki (MP) mai wakiltar Paisley da Renfrewshire South tun daga shekarar 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paisley and Renfrewshire South {{!}} General Election 2024 |url=https://election.news.sky.com/elections/general-election-2024/paisley-and-renfrewshire-south-453 |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haife ta a Saltcoats, Baxter ta zama wakiliyar ƙungiyar kwadago tana da shekaru 18. Baxter ta ba ta kuɗin shiga jami'a ta hanyar yin aiki a cibiyar kira. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Johanna Baxter |url=https://www.johannabaxter.scot/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=Scottish Labour }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sana'a == Baxter ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙananan hukumomi a Unison Scotland . <ref name=":0"/> Ta kasance Shugabar Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙasa na Jam'iyyar Labour a 2022-2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of the NEC |url=https://labour.org.uk/whos-on-the-nec/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=Labour Party}}</ref> Ta tsaya takarar kujerar Renfrewshire North and West a zaɓen Holyrood na 2021 da kuma kujerar Cunninghame North a zaɓen Holyrood na 2016. Baxter memba ne na NEC na Labour, kuma a shekarar 2016 ya soki rashin kuri'ar sirri don yanke shawara kan ko za a bar shugaban jam'iyyar Labour na wancan lokacin Jeremy Corbyn ya shiga kuri'ar shugabanci, yana mai cewa hakan ya haifar da tsoratarwa daga magoya bayan Corbyn kan 'yan NEC waɗanda suka kaɗa ƙuri'ar kin amincewa da shi ya tsaya takarar shugabancin jam'iyyar Labour: "Dalilin da ya sa za a kaɗa ƙuri'a a kan hakan shi ne don a ci gaba da tsoratarwa. Wannan shine abin kunya mafi muni da na taɓa gani. Ya nuna ainihin launinsa a cikin wannan ƙuri'ar. Na sami mutane suna tweet kuma suna saka wayar hannu ta ta yanar gizo, suna tura mutane gare ni, suna tura masu zanga-zangar su zo gare ni," in ji Baxter. [1] === Majalisar Wakilai === A babban zaɓen 2024, an zaɓi Baxter a matsayin ' yar majalisar dokoki mai wakiltar Paisley da Renfrewshire South, da ƙuri'u 19,583 (kashi na 47.4%) da kuma mafi rinjayen ƙuri'u 6,527 akan Jacqueline Cameron ta SNP mai matsayi na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2024 |title=Paisley and Renfrewshire South results - General election results 2024 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election/2024/uk/constituencies/S14000102 |access-date=4 August 2024 |website=BBC News}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, Baxter ta yi jawabinta na farko a Majalisar Wakilai a lokacin muhawara kan ilimi da damammaki. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Baxter yana auren Mark Glover, Shugaban Gudanarwa na SEC Newgate UK. == Kyaututtuka == * Order of Merit, 3rd classes (Ukraine, 2026) <ref>{{Cite web |title=УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №68/2026 Про відзначення державними нагородами України |url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/682026-58117}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] j0gc78wsf0xnpuh68az1va9gsetv8gn 0 144264 827904 806430 2026-04-30T05:40:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Khadra Ahmed Dualeh''' 'yar siyasa ce kuma masaniya a fannin diflomasiyya 'yar Somaliya. Ta taɓa zama Ministar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu ta Somaliya daga shekarun 2017 zuwa 2018 kuma wakiliyar dindindin ta Somaliya a Ofishin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke Geneva (UNOG) daga shekarun 2024 zuwa 2025. Tun daga watan Afrilun 2025, ta yi aiki a matsayin Jakadiyar Somaliya a Ofishin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke Vienna (UNOV). == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Dualeh a Somalia. Mahaifinta shine Ahmed Haji Dualeh Abdullah, mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Somalia, kuma goggon mahaifinta masanin zamantakewa ce kuma 'yar siyasa [[Raqiya Haji Dualeh Abdalla]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-10 |title=Ahmed keyse Dualeh: A Somaliland Independence Hero Passes Away |url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2020/01/ahmed-keyse-dualeh-a-somaliland-independence-hero-passes-away/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Horn Diplomat |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tana da 'yan'uwa uku, Harbi, Nura da Ayanle. Dualeh ta yi karatun digirin farko a fannin Kimiyya a fannin Nazarin Kasuwanci da Gudanar da Ofisoshi a Jami'ar Jihar Buffalo, sannan ta yi digirin Master a fannin Ilimi na Ƙasa da Ƙasa a Jami'ar New York. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-05 |title=New Permanent Representative of Somalia Presents Credentials to the Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva |url=https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/presentation-of-credentials/2024/09/new-permanent-representative-somalia-presents |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602094135/https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/presentation-of-credentials/2024/09/new-permanent-representative-somalia-presents |archive-date=2 June 2025 |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=The United Nations Office at Geneva |language=en}}</ref> Kafin ta shiga aikin diflomasiyya, ta kasance Darakta a fannin Ci gaban Ƙwararru a Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon da ke Qatar. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=15 April 2025 |title=New Permanent Representative of Somalia presents credentials |url=https://unis.unvienna.org/unis/en/pressrels/2025/unisbio1443.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528195015/https://unis.unvienna.org/unis/en/pressrels/2025/unisbio1443.html |archive-date=28 May 2025 |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=United Nations: Information Service Vienna |language=en}}</ref> Dualeh ta riƙe muƙaman Darakta Janar na Sashen Haɗin Kan Ƙasashen Duniya a Ma'aikatar Tsare-tsare da Haɗin Kan Ƙasashen Duniya daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2017. <ref name=":0"/> A shekarar 2017, Dualeh ta halarci bukukuwa bayan shekaru uku da aka yi ba tare da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] ba a Somaliya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Photo story: Somalia celebrates 3 years polio-free |url=http://www.emro.who.int/about-who/photos/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602094136/https://www.emro.who.int/about-who/photos/index.html |archive-date=2 June 2025 |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=[[World Health Organization]] - Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean |language=en-gb}}</ref> Dualeh ta kasance Ministan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu na Somaliya na Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Somaliya daga shekarun 2017, <ref name=":0"/> ta maye gurbin Abdirashid Mohamed Ahmed. A cikin wannan muƙamin, ta yi aiki kan ƙarfafa ciniki da Uganda <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-10 |title=UGANDA WILL SUPPORT SOMALIA'S APPLICATION TO JOIN EAC, H.E MUSEVENI ASSURES VISITING SOMALI PRESIDENT |url=https://ubc.go.ug/2022/08/10/uganda-will-support-somalias-application-to-join-eac-h-e-museveni-assures-visiting-somali-president/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=[[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation]] |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ta ƙarfafa saka hannun jari a ƙasashen waje zuwa Somaliya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2017 |title=Helping Somalia attract private investment will require realism, rigor and reforms |url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/psd/helping-somalia-attract-private-investment-will-require-realism-rigor-and-reforms-0 |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=World Bank Blogs |language=en}}</ref> tana kula da ci gaban Takardar Yarjejeniyar Kan Tsarin Ciniki na Ƙasashen Waje (MFTR). <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2017 |title=Regional Dialogue on WTO Accessions for the Greater Horn of Africa: Nairobi Outcome |url=https://www.tralac.org/news/article/12118-regional-dialogue-on-wto-accessions-for-the-greater-horn-of-africa-nairobi-outcome.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810002441/https://www.tralac.org/news/article/12118-regional-dialogue-on-wto-accessions-for-the-greater-horn-of-africa-nairobi-outcome.html |archive-date=10 August 2024 |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=TRALAC Trade Law Centre |language=en-gb}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na 2017, ta halarci taron ƙasa da ƙasa na Save Somalia a [[Landan|London]], Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2017 |title='You need commitment at the highest level' |url=https://www.dw.com/en/you-need-commitment-at-the-highest-level/video-38806673 |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en}}</ref> Firayim Ministan Somaliya [[Hassan Ali Khayre]] ya kori Dualeh daga muƙamin ta a watan Janairun 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-19 |title=SOMALIA • The Arab crisis is driving policy in Mogadishu |url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/eastern-africa-and-the-horn/2018/01/19/the-arab-crisis-is-driving-policy-in-mogadishu,108290262-art |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Africa Intelligence |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-02 |title=SOMALIE • Les raisons de l'éviction de Khadra Ahmed Duale |url=https://www.africaintelligence.fr/afrique-est-et-corne/2018/02/02/les-raisons-de-l-eviction-de-khadra-ahmed-duale,108292373-art |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Africa Intelligence |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-02 |title=SOMALIA • Why has Khadra Ahmed Duale been sacked? |url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/eastern-africa-and-the-horn/2018/02/02/why-has-khadra-ahmed-duale-been-sacked,108292423-art |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Africa Intelligence |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-05 |title=Somalia fires top ministers in reshuffle |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/somalia-fires-top-ministers-reshuffle/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Mohamed Abdi Hayir ne ya gaje ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheikh |first=Abdi |date=2018-01-04 |title=Somalia PM sacks three ministers as country battles insurgency |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/somalia-pm-sacks-three-ministers-country-battles-insurgency-062601848.html |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=[[Reuters]] |language=en-GB |via=Yahoo News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-30 |title=Somalia: Prime Minister sacks 3 Cabinet Ministers |url=https://www.garoweonline.com/index.php/en/news/somalia/somalia-pm-khaire-fires-three-key-cabinet-ministers |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Garowe Online |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, an naɗa Dualeh a matsayin Jakadiyar Somaliya a Austria da Switzerland kuma a matsayin Wakiliyar Somaliya ta Dindindin a Ofishin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke Geneva, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Khadra Ahmed Dualeh, Somalia's New Ambassador in Vienna |url=https://www.vindobona.org/article/meet-khadra-ahmed-dualeh-somalias-new-ambassador-in-vienna |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Vienna International News |language=en}}</ref> ta gabatar da takardun shaidarta ga Darakta Janar Tatiana Valovaya. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2025 |title=New Somali Ambassador to Switzerland Presents Credentials to Swiss President |url=https://www.ftlsomalia.com/new-somali-ambassador-to-switzerland-presents-credentials-to-swiss-president/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602094135/https://www.ftlsomalia.com/new-somali-ambassador-to-switzerland-presents-credentials-to-swiss-president/ |archive-date=2 June 2025 |access-date=2 June 2025 |website=Facility for Talo and Leadership}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambassador Khadra Ahmed H. Dualeh Presents Credentials to Swiss President |url=https://web.mfa.gov.so/ambassador-khadra-ahmed-h-dualeh-presents-credentials-to-swiss-president/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=The Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na Jakadiya, Dualeh ta halarci taron Majalisar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na shekarar 2024 a [[Rabat]], Morocco. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-22 |title=Somalia’s Ambassador To Switzerland Participates in Human Rights Council Retreat 2024 in Morocco |url=https://mustaqbalmedia.net/en/somalias-ambassador-to-switzerland-participates-in-human-rights-council-retreat-2024-in-morocco/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Mustaqbal Media (English) |language=en}}</ref> Ta gabatar da takardun shaidarta ga Shugabar Switzerland, Karin Keller-Sutter a watan Janairun 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hussein |first=Abdullahi |date=2025-01-15 |title=Somalia's Ambassador to Switzerland Presents Credentials to Swiss President |url=https://sonna.so/en/somalias-ambassador-to-switzerland-presents-credentials-to-swiss-president/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=Somali National News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2025, an naɗa Dualeh a matsayin Jakadiyar Somaliya a Ofishin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke Vienna (UNOV). <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-04-16 |title=Ambassador of Somalia to Switzerland and Austria Presents Credentials to UNOV Director-General, Reaffirms Commitment to Strength |url=https://www.radiodalsan.com/ambassador-of-somalia-to-switzerland-and-austria-presents-credentials-to-unov-director-general-reaffirms-commitment-to-strengthening-bilateral-cooperation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250614162823/https://www.radiodalsan.com/ambassador-of-somalia-to-switzerland-and-austria-presents-credentials-to-unov-director-general-reaffirms-commitment-to-strengthening-bilateral-cooperation/ |archive-date=14 June 2025 |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=[[Radio Dalsan]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta gabatar da takardun shaidarta ga Darakta Janar, Ghada Waly. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> A watan Oktoban 2024, tare da Wakilin Dindindin na Burtaniya, Simon Manley, Dualeh ta gabatar da wani kuduri [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] don tsawaita gyare-gyaren kare hakkin ɗan adam da kuma sabunta wa'adin Kwararru Masu Zaman Kansu kan Somaliya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UK, Somalia introduce UN resolution to extend human rights reforms assistance |url=http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2024/oct/198404/uk_somalia_introduce_un_resolution_to_extend_human_rights_reforms_assistance.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602094135/https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2024/oct/198404/uk_somalia_introduce_un_resolution_to_extend_human_rights_reforms_assistance.aspx |archive-date=2 June 2025 |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=Hiiraan.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kuma shirya yadda Shugaban Somaliya zai halarci taron tattalin arziki na duniya na shekarar 2025 da aka gudanar a Davos, Switzerland, <ref name=":1"/> ta kasance cikin wakilan Somaliya a taron duniya kan sarrafa sinadarai da sharar gida da aka yi a Geneva <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-01 |title=Somali Delegation Attends Global Meeting on Chemical and Waste Management in Geneva |url=https://www.radiodalsan.com/somali-delegation-attends-global-meeting-on-chemical-and-waste-management-in-geneva/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Radio Dalsan |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Somalia Participates in Global Summit on Chemical and Hazardous Waste Management |url=https://www.sccwg.org/somalia-participates-in-global-summit-on-chemical-and-hazardous-waste-management/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Somalia Climate Change Working Group (SCCWG) |language=en-US}}</ref> da kuma taron ICT na duniya na Kungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya (ITU), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Somalia Reaffirms Commitment to Digital Transformation at Global ICT Summit |url=https://en.goobjoog.com/somalia-reaffirms-commitment-to-digital-transformation-at-global-ict-summit/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Goobjoog English}}</ref> kuma ta goyi bayan taron da aka gudanar don ci gaba da yarjejeniyar aiki tsakanin Somaliya da Turkiyya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdullahi |first=Abdiqani |date=2025-06-05 |title=Somalia and Turkey Aim to Revitalize Bilateral Labor Agreement Following Geneva Talks |url=https://sonna.so/en/somalia-and-turkey-aim-to-revitalize-bilateral-labor-agreement-following-geneva-talks/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Somali National News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 80v7w1qb3obf6xfyklon1ux2th75jiy 0 144775 827783 807738 2026-04-29T18:27:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Josefina García de Noia''' (6 ga Yuli 1921 - 31 ga Agusta 2015), wacce aka fi sani da '''Pepa Noia''', ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam ta Argentina kuma memba ce ta kafa Uwargidan Plaza de Mayo ( ''Madres de Plaza de Mayo'' ), wani ɓangare na Línea Fundadora (Layin Tushen). Ta zama fitacciyar jama'a bayan [[Rashin da aka tilasta|bacewar]] 'yarta, María de Lourdes Noia de Mezzadra, a lokacin mulkin kama-karya na ƙarshe na Argentina (1976-1983). <ref name="BN-testimonio">{{Cite web |date=11 July 2017 |title=Testimonio de Josefina Pepa García de Noia / 15 de agosto 2012 |url=https://www.bn.gov.ar/micrositios/multimedia/ddhh/testimonio-de-josefina-pepa-garcia-de-noia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506141139/https://www.bn.gov.ar/micrositios/multimedia/ddhh/testimonio-de-josefina-pepa-garcia-de-noia |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=1 January 2026 |publisher=Biblioteca Nacional Mariano Moreno |language=es}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da iyali == An haifi García de Noia a Buenos Aires. Jaridun Argentina da Galicia sun bayyana ta a matsayin 'yar bakin haure daga Leiro (lardin Ourense, Galicia, Spain). <ref name="EspanaExterior2019">{{Cite web |date=25 October 2019 |title=El PSOE pide que el Ayuntamiento de Leiro honre la memoria de los emigrantes del municipio a Argentina |url=https://www.espanaexterior.com/el-psoe-pide-que-el-ayuntamiento-de-leiro-honre-la-memoria-de-los-emigrantes-del-municipio-a-argentina/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105213318/https://www.espanaexterior.com/el-psoe-pide-que-el-ayuntamiento-de-leiro-honre-la-memoria-de-los-emigrantes-del-municipio-a-argentina/ |archive-date=5 January 2026 |access-date=1 January 2026 |website=España Exterior |language=es}}</ref> A cewar Uwayen Plaza de Mayo Línea Fundadora, ta auri Juan Carlos Noia kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya huɗu. <ref name="CTA-2015">{{Cite web |date=1 September 2015 |title=Adiós a Pepa Noia: ¡Hasta la victoria siempre! |url=https://www.ctacapital.org/adios-a-pepa-noia-hasta-la-victoria-siempre/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105213718/https://www.ctacapital.org/adios-a-pepa-noia-hasta-la-victoria-siempre/ |archive-date=5 January 2026 |access-date=1 January 2026 |publisher=CTA Capital |language=es}}</ref> <ref name="MPLF-bio">{{Cite web |title=Biografías |url=https://www.madresfundadoras.org.ar/biografias/ |access-date=1 January 2026 |publisher=Madres de Plaza de Mayo Línea Fundadora (sitio oficial) |language=es }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Majiyoyi da yawa sun bayyana aikinta a matsayin ma'aikacin masaku, kuma sun lura cewa ta zauna tsawon shekaru da yawa a Castelar (a Morón Partido ). == Bacewar 'yarta == A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1976, an sace 'yar García de Noia, María de Lourdes Noia de Mezzadra (wanda galibi ana kiransa "Lourdes Noia"), daga gidanta tare da mijinta, Enrique Mario Mezzadra. [1] [2] [3] Jaridar Biblioteca Nacional Mariano Moreno ta bayyana cewa an kai su gidan yarin ESMA na ɓoye ; ta ruwaito cewa an saki Enrique Mezzadra a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 1976, yayin da María de Lourdes ta ɓace. [1] Rahotannin manema labarai sun kuma ruwaito cewa ɗan ma'auratan mai watanni 18, Pablo, an bar shi da wani maƙwabci a lokacin sace shi. [3] == Iyayen Plaza de Mayo == Bayan ɓacewar 'yarta, García de Noia ta fara bincike a ofisoshin 'yan sanda, ma'aikatu, da asibitoci, kuma a hankali ta haɗu da wasu mata suna neman 'ya'yansu da suka ɓace. Tana cikin mata goma sha huɗu na farko da suka yi yawo a kusa da [[Pyramid of May|Dala na Mayu]] a Plaza de Mayo a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 1977 - wani aiki da aka yi la'akari da shi sosai a matsayin wurin fara zanga-zangar jama'a ta Uwaye a kowane mako. <ref name="BN-testimonio"/> <ref name="ElComercio-2015" /> <ref name="Accion-2015">{{Cite web |date=9 September 2015 |title=Madre por siempre |url=https://accion.coop/sin-categoria/madre-por-siempre/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720130335/https://accion.coop/sin-categoria/madre-por-siempre/ |archive-date=20 July 2025 |access-date=1 January 2026 |website=Revista Acción |language=es}}</ref> Shekaru da dama, ta ci gaba da halartar zanga-zangar ranar Alhamis ta Uwa a Plaza de Mayo kuma ta kasance mai himma a cikin ƙungiyar Línea Fundadora. <ref name="Accion-2015"/> <ref name="BN-testimonio"/> == Ganewa == A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2010, Majalisar Dokokin Birnin Buenos Aires mai suna García de Noia wani ɗan ƙasa mai ban sha'awa na birnin Buenos Aires ( ''Ciudadana Ilustre de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires'' ). <ref name="Consello-entrev">{{Cite web |title=Pepa Noia (entrevista) |url=https://consellodacultura.gal/mediateca/extras/ccg_pr_a19-mulleres_CCG_ig_album_pepa_noia_entrev_02.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215122132/https://consellodacultura.gal/mediateca/extras/ccg_pr_a19-mulleres_CCG_ig_album_pepa_noia_entrev_02.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=1 January 2026 |publisher=Consello da Cultura Galega |language=gl |format=PDF}}</ref> Iyaye na Plaza de Mayo Línea Fundadora kuma sun bayyana ta kamar yadda cibiyoyin gida a Morón suka amince da ita. <ref name="MPLF-bio"/> == Mutuwa == García de Noia ta mutu a ranar 31 ga Agusta 2015, tana da shekaru 94. <ref name="BN-testimonio"/> <ref name="Accion-2015"/> == Gado == A cikin 2011, ɗan tarihi Enrique Arrosagaray ya buga bayanin tsawon littafin rayuwarta da gwagwarmayar ta, ''Josefina Pepa de Noia.'' ''Una Madre de la primera hora'' . <ref name="Accion-2015"/> == Duba kuma == * Iyayen Plaza de Mayo * [[Ƙazamin yaƙi|Yaƙin Datti]] * [[Rashin da aka tilasta|Bacewar tilas]] * ESMA * Rundunar Sojojin Argentina * Fina-finai da ke nuna mulkin kama-karya na sojojin Latin Amurka * Héctor Germán Oesterheld, wani mai zane-zanen barkwanci wanda ya ɓace a lokacin Yaƙin Dirty kuma an yi zaton ya mutu a shekarar 1977 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] lcfsz2j1s70po40zdw4w65rwf1q68lt 0 144910 827833 808131 2026-04-29T20:40:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Julia Mary Yeomans''' OBE FRS masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne na Burtaniya mai aiki a fannonin kwayoyin halitta masu laushi da kimiyyar halitta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Swift |first=M. |last2=Osborn |first2=W. |last3=Yeomans |first3=J. |year=1995 |title=Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Nonideal Fluids |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=75 |issue=5 |pages=830–833 |arxiv=comp-gas/9502002 |bibcode=1995PhRvL..75..830S |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.830 |pmid=10060129 |s2cid=15016659}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaufman |first=M. |last2=Griffiths |first2=R. |last3=Yeomans |first3=J. |last4=Fisher |first4=M. |year=1981 |title=Three-component model and tricritical points: A renormalization-group study. Two dimensions |journal=Physical Review B |volume=23 |issue=7 |pages=3448–3459 |bibcode=1981PhRvB..23.3448K |doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.23.3448}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Price |first=G. D. |last2=Yeomans |first2=J. |year=1984 |title=The application of the ANNNI model to polytypic behaviour |journal=Acta Crystallographica Section B |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=448–454 |bibcode=1984AcCrB..40..448P |doi=10.1107/S0108768184002469 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a [[Jami'ar Oxford]] tun shekara ta 2002.<ref name="cv">{{Cite web |title=Oxford Physics: Soft and Biological Matter |url=http://www-thphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/people/JuliaYeomans/ |access-date=10 October 2013 |publisher=Oxford University}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Yeomans ta yi karatu a [[Jami'ar Oxford]] inda ta kasance dalibi na farko a Kwalejin Somerville, Oxford, don BA da ɗaliban digiri na biyu a Kwaleji ta Wolfson, Oxford . <ref name="yeomansphd" /> An ba ta digiri na Doctor of Philosophy a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a shekarar 1979. inda [[Robin Stinchcombe]] ya kula da bincikenta na digiri a kan muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a cikin samfuran juyawa. == Bincike da aiki == Bayan shekaru biyu na aiki a matsayin Mai bincike na postdoctoral a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] tare da Michael E. Fisher, an nada ta a matsayin malami a Sashen Physics a Jami'an Southampton a 1981. A shekara ta 1983, ta koma Jami'ar Oxford inda ta zama farfesa a shekara ta 2002.<ref name="cv"/> Yeomans farfesa ne a cibiyar Rudolf Peierls don ilimin lissafi. Binciken ta yana bincika ƙirar ka'idoji game da matakai a cikin ruwa mai rikitarwa ciki har da lu'ulu'u na ruwa, saukowa a kan wuraren hydrophobic, microchannels, da kuma [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]].<ref name="rs">{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2013 |title=Professor Julia Yeomans FRS |url=http://royalsociety.org/people/julia-yeomans/ |access-date=10 October 2013 |website=royalsociety.org |publisher=[[ Royal Society]]}}</ref> An gabatar da binciken Yeomans ga matasa da masu sauraro a cikin Nature's Raincoats: Kimiyya ta Bio-inspired a baje kolin kimiyyar bazara na Royal Society a shekara ta 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nature's Raincoats |url=http://www.naturesraincoats.org/ |access-date=11 October 2013 |website=naturesraincoats.org }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Daraja da kyaututtuka === A cikin shekara ta 2012, an ba Yeomans kyautar tallafin bincike na Cibiyar Nazarin Turai don shawararta ta bincike ''Microflow a cikin yanayi mai rikitarwa''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ERC Advanced Grant 2011 |url=http://erc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/document/file/erc_2011_adg_results_all_domains.pdf |access-date=10 October 2013 |website=erc.europa.eu |publisher=European Research Council}}</ref> A shekara ta 2024 an ba ta tallafi na biyu mai zurfi "Yin amfani da daidaituwa tsakanin Matsalar Aiki da Mechanobiology".<ref>{{Cite web |title=ERC Advanced Grant 2011 |url=https://erc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-01/erc-2022-adg-results-reserve-list-PE-domain.pdf |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=erc.europa.eu}}</ref> An zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) a shekarar 2013, inda aka zaba ta: <ref name="rs"/> A cikin 2021 ta sami lambar yabo ta Sam Edwards da Kyautar daga Cibiyar Kimiyya, saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga abubuwa masu taushi da masu aiki, kimiyyar lissafi da kimiyyar halittu.[1] A shekara ta 2024 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Liquid Matter daga European Physical Society . [2] An nada Yeomans a matsayin [[Order of the British Empire|Jami'in Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) a cikin Girmamawar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2024 don hidimomi ga kimiyyar lissafi. A cikin 2025, an ba Yeomans lambar yabo ta Dirac da Kyautar daga Cibiyar Kimiyya.<ref name="IOP Paul Dirac">{{Cite web |date=2025-10-13 |title=2025 Paul Dirac Medal and Prize: Professor Julia Mary Yeomans |url=https://www.iop.org/about/awards/2025-paul-dirac-medal-and-prize |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=2025 Paul Dirac Medal and Prize: Professor Julia Mary Yeomans}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Yeomans ta auri farfesa a fannin ilmin sunadarai Peter Hore a shekarar 1990. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1kr61rfykwwgnlfzwdr3hetqttbln9x 0 145726 827812 810522 2026-04-29T19:40:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joyce Cherono Abonyo''' (née '''Laboso'''; 25 Nuwamba 1960 - 29 Yuli 2019)<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.k24tv.co.ke/news/joyce-laboso-university-don-who-rose-to-national-prominence-4748/|title = Joyce Laboso: An extraordinary woman of many firsts|last = Maritim|first = Evans|date = 29 July 2019|accessdate = 29 July 2019|work = [[K24 (Kenya)|K24]]|archive-date = 5 October 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231005191213/https://www.k24tv.co.ke/news/joyce-laboso-university-don-who-rose-to-national-prominence-4748/|url-status = dead}}</ref> 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin gwamna ta biyu na gundumar Bomet daga shekarun 2017 har zuwa rasuwarta a ranar 29 ga watan Yuli 2019. Ta kasance 'yar majalisa mai wakiltar mazaɓar Sotik, kafin a zaɓe ta a matsayin gwamna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kbc.co.ke/muturi-re-elected-national-assembly-speaker/|title=Muturi re-elected National Assembly Speaker|date=31 August 2017}}</ref> Ta auri Dr. Edwin Abonyo, kuma tana da 'ya'ya maza biyu. A shekarar 2008, dole ta cire sunan mijinta ta koma Laboso saboda matsayin aurenta da wani mutum daga wata al'umma ya samar da harsasai ga masu sukarta don su wulakanta ta a tafiyarta ta siyasa. <ref name="joygov">{{Cite web |last=Mabel |first=Winnie |date=29 July 2019 |title=Meet Bomet Governor Joyce Laboso's rarely seen husband and handsome sons |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/250485-meet-bomet-governor-joyce-labosos-rarely-husband-handsome-sons.html |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.}}</ref> == Rayuwar Siyasa == An zaɓi Joyce Laboso a Majalisar Dokokin Kenya don wakiltar Mazaɓar Sotik a zaɓen maye gurbin da aka gudanar a ranar 25 ga watan Satumba, 2008. Ta maye gurbin 'yar uwarta, [[Lorna Laboso]], wacce ta mutu a hatsarin jirgin sama. Ta fito takarar Jam'iyyar Jubilee, ta kayar da wasu 'yan takara 11 bayan ta sami kuri'u 23,880 da rinjayen kuri'u 10,000 akan wanda ya fi kusa da ita, '''Brigadier Alexander Sitienei''' mai ritaya (tsohon mataimakin Daniel arap Moi) wanda ya sami kuri'u 13,843. Ita ce shugabar [[Ƙungiyar Afirka, Caribbean da Pacific|ACP]] ta haɗin gwiwa a Majalisar Dokokin ACP da EU. Ta yi aiki a matsayin malama mai koyarwa a Sashen Harshe da Harsuna a [[Jami'ar Egerton]] kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishiniya a Hukumar Ƙasa kan Jinsi da Cigaba. Laboso tana ɗaya daga cikin gwamnoni mata uku na farko a Kenya, tare da Gwamnan gundumar Kitui [[Charity Ngilu]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charity Ngilu wins round 2 : The Standard |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001285865/charity-ngilu-wins-round-2 |access-date=30 July 2019 |website=The Standard}}</ref> da Gwamnan gundumar Kirinyaga [[Anne Waiguru]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Waiguru win upheld, Karua moves to top court : The Standard |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001307011/waiguru-win-upheld-karua-moves-to-top-court |access-date=30 July 2019 |website=The Standard}}</ref> Laboso ta doke Isaac Rutto, wanda ke kan mulki wanda ya shiga ƙungiyar NASA Coalition. Daga baya Rutto ya amince da shan kaye a bainar jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Otinga |first=Rene |date=10 August 2017 |title=Ruto asked to concede defeat after losing tragically in Bomet |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/249032-ruto-asked-concede-defeat-losing-tragically-bomet.html |access-date=30 July 2019 |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Laboso ta halarci makarantun firamare na Kaplong da Molo, kafin ta ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Kaplong don neman O-Level. Daga baya ta shiga Makarantar Sakandare ta Kenya inda ta zauna a matakin A. An fara gano cutar daji a Laboso a shekarar 1991. A cewar mijinta, Edwin, Laboso ta yi nasarar tsira daga cutar daji tsawon shekaru 28. Cutar ta sake kama ta sosai a watan Maris a shekarar 2019. Iyalan sun nemi taimakon likita a Burtaniya da Indiya, abin takaici, likitocin sun sanar da su cewa babu wani abu da za a iya yi don ceton rayuwar gwamnar. Daga baya ta kamu da cutar daji a ranar 29 ga watan Yuli, 2019 a Asibitin Nairobi. An yi mata hidimar neman magani a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, 2019 kuma an yi mata jana'iza a gidanta da ke Fort Ternan, gundumar Kisumu a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta, 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutinda |first=Tracy |date=29 July 2019 |title=Joyce Laboso: Iron lady who conquered male dominated Rift politics |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2019-07-29-joyce-laboso-iron-lady-who-conquered-male-dominated-rift-politics/ |access-date=29 July 2019 |website=the-star.co.ke}}</ref> <ref name="Daily Nation">{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=Bomet Governor Joyce Laboso is dead |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Governor-Joyce-Laboso-dies-in-Nairobi/1056-5214862-4062mg/index.html |access-date=29 July 2019 |website=nation.co.ke |publisher=Standard Media Group}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] 95oxe6nqi3cpmvlfa0hk307gavti4kp 0 146772 827870 814500 2026-04-29T22:59:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Edith Kahbang Walla''' (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 1965), <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2011 |title=Kah Walla : la femme dont la pugnacité fait rêver |url=http://www.cameroonvoice.com/news/article-news-4772.html |access-date=2016-01-29 |website=www.cameroonvoice.com |archive-date=2016-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204055318/http://www.cameroonvoice.com/news/article-news-4772.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> wacce aka fi sani da '''Kah Walla''', ' [[Ɗan siyasa|yar siyasa]] ce [[Kamaru|ta Kamaru]], 'yar kasuwa kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Clark Arend » Kah Walla, Cameroonian Activist and former Presidential Candidate, will speak on "Leadership: Africa in the World and Women in Africa," Thur, Nov 21st, 2013, 12:15 |url=http://anthonyclarkarend.com/humanrights/kah-walla-cameroonian-activist-and-former-presidential-candidate-will-speak-on-leadership-africa-in-the-world-and-women-in-africa-thur-nov-21-2013-1215/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329221812/http://anthonyclarkarend.com/humanrights/kah-walla-cameroonian-activist-and-former-presidential-candidate-will-speak-on-leadership-africa-in-the-world-and-women-in-africa-thur-nov-21-2013-1215/ |archive-date=2016-03-29 |access-date=2016-03-21 |website=anthonyclarkarend.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2013 |title=Unleashing Africa's Potential With Cameroon's Kah Walla - Ventures Africa |url=http://venturesafrica.com/unleashing-africas-potential-with-cameroons-kah-walla/ |access-date=2016-03-21 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> shiga siyasa a shekarar 2007 tare da Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Front (SDF), <ref name="cameroonpostline.com">{{Cite web |title=Kah Walla In SDF {{!}} CameroonPostline |url=http://www.cameroonpostline.com/kahwallainsdf/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401050533/http://www.cameroonpostline.com/kahwallainsdf/ |archive-date=2016-04-01 |access-date=2016-03-21 |website=www.cameroonpostline.com}}</ref> babbar jam'iyyar adawa ta Kamaru a wancan lokacin, sannan aka zabe ta a majalisar kananan hukumomi ta [[Douala]] I. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Equipe Agence AIC |title=Kah Walla, candidate à la présidentielle, face à Henri FOTSO - AIC - Agence Africaine d'Information et de Communication |url=http://agenceaic.net/Kah-Walla-candidate-a-la.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718070032/http://agenceaic.net/Kah-Walla-candidate-a-la.html |archive-date=2015-07-18 |access-date=2016-01-29 |website=agenceaic.net}}</ref> A shekarar 2010, ta yi murabus daga SDF bayan rashin jituwa kan dabarun siyasa <ref name="chiareport.com">{{Cite web |title=The Chia Report: Kah Walla Resigns from the SDF... |url=http://www.chiareport.com/2010/10/kah-walla-resigns-from-the-sdf.html |access-date=2016-03-21 |website=www.chiareport.com}}</ref> kuma ta bayyana niyyarta ta tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa a shekarar 2011 a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kah Walla Dumps SDF, Declares Presidential Candidature {{!}} CameroonPostline |url=http://www.cameroonpostline.com/kah-walla-dumps-sdf-declares-presidential-candidature/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401034800/http://www.cameroonpostline.com/kah-walla-dumps-sdf-declares-presidential-candidature/ |archive-date=2016-04-01 |access-date=2016-03-21 |website=www.cameroonpostline.com}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2011, an zabe ta a matsayin shugabar [[Cameroon People's Party|Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Kamaru]] (CPP) kuma 'yar takarar jam'iyya a zaben shugaban kasa na 2011. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Cameroun : Kah Walla, une candidate ambitieuse à la présidentielle de 2011 - JeuneAfrique.com |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/181012/politique/cameroun-kah-walla-une-candidate-ambitieuse-la-pr-sidentielle-de-2011/ |access-date=2016-01-29 |website=JeuneAfrique.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2015 |title=CAMEROUN LE TOP 5 DES FEMMES POLITQUES CELIBATAIRES : TUTU MUNA, KAH WALLA, AMINATOU AHIDJO, Denise FAMPOU et KALLA LOBE CAMEROON - Camer.be |url=http://www.camer.be/42526/11:1/cameroun-le-top-5-des-femmes-politques-celibataires-tutu-muna-kah-walla-aminatou-ahidjo-denise-fampou-et-kalla-lobe-cameroon.html |access-date=2016-01-29 |website=camer.be |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Kah Walla ita ce Shugabar Kamfanin STRATEGIES!, wani kamfanin ba da shawara kan shugabanci da gudanarwa wanda ta kafa a shekarar 1995. [1] Bankin Duniya ya amince da ita a shekarar 2007 a matsayin daya daga cikin mata bakwai masu tasiri a fannin kasuwanci a Afirka, kuma an kirga ta cikin mata 150 da ke kawo sauyi a duniya a Newsweek . [2] == Iyali == An haifi Kah Walla a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 1965, a [[Ibadan]], [[Najeriya]] . Ta fito daga Yankin Arewa maso Yamma, ɗaya daga cikin yankuna biyu na Ingilishi <ref name=":0"/> na Kamaru, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroon-Info.Net - Presidentielle 2011: Portraits des 21 Candidats retenus par ELECAM |url=http://www.cameroon-info.net/stories/0,29455,@,presidentielle-2011-portraits-des-21-candidats-retenus-par-elecam.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201144226/http://www.cameroon-info.net/stories/0,29455,@,presidentielle-2011-portraits-des-21-candidats-retenus-par-elecam.html |archive-date=2016-02-01 |access-date=2016-01-29 |website=www.cameroon-info.net}}</ref> mafi daidai daga Bali Nyonga daga mahaifinta da kuma Pinyin daga mahaifiyarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Présidentielle camerounaise : les principaux outsiders de Paul Biya - JeuneAfrique.com |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/189897/politique/pr-sidentielle-camerounaise-les-principaux-outsiders-de-paul-biya/ |access-date=2016-03-21 |website=JeuneAfrique.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Mahaifinta, John Solomon Walla, kafin rasuwarsa shi ne Daraktan wani kamfanin ba da shawara mallakar [[John Ngu Foncha]] da Salomon Tandeng Muna, a lokacin Sufeto Janar, Daraktan Sufuri a Douala kuma a ƙarshe wakiliyar Kamaru a taron ministoci na ƙasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yamma]] da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Tsakiyar Afirka]] kan Sufurin Jiragen Ruwa a Abidjan. Mahaifiyarta, Grace Ebako Walla, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vie publique - Edith Kahbang Walla candidate du CPP |url=http://www.guide.mboa.info/vie-publique/fr/content/actualite/2280,edith-kahbang-walla-candidate-du-cpp.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311092003/http://www.guide.mboa.info/vie-publique/fr/content/actualite/2280,edith-kahbang-walla-candidate-du-cpp.html |archive-date=2016-03-11 |access-date=2016-01-29 |website=www.guide.mboa.info}}</ref> tana da digirin digirgir biyu: ɗaya a fannin lafiyar jama'a da ɗaya a fannin ilimin lafiya; ta jagoranci ƙungiyoyin NGO [[CAMNAFAW]] (Ƙungiyar Kula da Jin Daɗin Iyali ta Kamaru). Kah Walla ba ta da aure kuma tana da yara bakwai da aka ɗauka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kah Walla : la présidente de CPP contre le Sénat - JeuneAfrique.com |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/136334/politique/kah-walla-la-pr-sidente-de-cpp-contre-le-s-nat/ |access-date=2016-03-21 |website=JeuneAfrique.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ilimi == Walla ta fara karatun firamare a Makarantar Amurka ta Yaounde . Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Kwalejin Ivory Coast ta [[Bouaké|Bouake]] da ke [[Ivory Coast]] . Bayan kammala karatunta, ta sami shiga [[Jami'ar Howard]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cameroun : Kah Walla, une candidate ambitieuse à la présidentielle de 2011 - JeuneAfrique.com |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/181012/politique/cameroun-kah-walla-une-candidate-ambitieuse-la-pr-sidentielle-de-2011/ |access-date=2016-01-29 |website=JeuneAfrique.com |language=fr}}</ref> da ke [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] inda ta sami digirin farko a fannin [[Zoology|ilmin dabbobi]] sannan ta yi karatun digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci a shekarar 1990. == Aikin siyasa == === Shiga Siyasa === Walla says her family has always been a source of motivation and inspiration for her in the political field.<ref name=":0"/> She gained experience over the years with the support of one of her colleagues in the SDF as they wrote the last Speech for the SDF chairman [[John Ndi Fru|Ni John Fru Ndi]] during his campaign in 1992.<ref name=":0" /> She was an adviser and a trainer to the party until 2007, when she decided to officially join the party and was elected councilor in the city of Douala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Journal Du Cameroun.com: Kah Walla, le visage féminin de la politique au Cameroun |url=http://www.journalducameroun.com/article.php?aid=9801 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204082339/http://www.journalducameroun.com/article.php?aid=9801 |archive-date=2016-02-04 |access-date=2016-01-29 |website=www.journalducameroun.com}}</ref> In 2010, she stood against party's decision forbidding its militants from taking part in the ongoing voters' registration.<ref name="cameroonpostline.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kah Walla: The Audacity To Dream Change - Eyeball To Eyeball |url=http://www.franciswache.com/2010/11/kah-walla-the-audacity-to-dream-change.html |access-date=2016-03-21 |website=www.franciswache.com}}</ref> She was later accused of lack of accountability in the management of party funds,<ref name="chiareport.com"/> On October 23, 2010, she resigned from the SDF and announced her candidature for the 2011 presidential election<ref name=":1"/> An zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar jam'iyyar jama'ar Kamaru a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2011, <ref name=":1"/> ta maye gurbin Samuel Tita Fon wanda ya kafa jam'iyyar a shekarar 1991. === Ɗan takara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2011 === A shekarar 2010, Walla ta yi taron manema labarai don sanar da shawararta ta fice daga jam'iyyar SDF ta tsaya takarar shugaban kasa a shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Voice Of The Oppressed: The Possible Impact of Kah Walla's Presidential Bid. |url=http://www.nebafuh.com/2010/10/the-possible-impact-of-kah-wallas-presidential-bid.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322103433/http://www.nebafuh.com/2010/10/the-possible-impact-of-kah-wallas-presidential-bid.html |archive-date=2016-03-22 |access-date=2016-03-21 |website=www.nebafuh.com}}</ref> Ta rabu da SDF ta hanyar yin murabus. Kuma bayan wani lokaci, ta shiga jam'iyyar CPP ta zama shugabar kasa a watan Afrilun 2011. Ta bayyana daga baya cewa jam'iyyar da ta yi yakin neman zabe a kanta tun lokacin da aka kafa ta ba ta sake samun irin wannan manufa ba, musamman game da hangen nesa na zaben shugaban kasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kah Walla, adhérente au RFD, candidate à la présidence du Cameroun Women's Democracy Network |url=http://www.wdn.org/fr/news-events-press-center/news/kah-walla-adh%25C3%25A9rente-au-rfd-candidate-%25C3%25A0-la-pr%25C3%25A9sidence-du-cameroun |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401003857/http://www.wdn.org/fr/news-events-press-center/news/kah-walla-adh%25C3%25A9rente-au-rfd-candidate-%25C3%25A0-la-pr%25C3%25A9sidence-du-cameroun |archive-date=2018-04-01 |access-date=2016-01-29 |website=www.wdn.org}}</ref> Ana kiranta da mace ta farko da ta taɓa tsayawa takarar shugaban ƙasa a Kamaru. Domin jawo hankalin matasa sosai kafin zaben shugaban ƙasa, ta ƙarfafa yin rijista a cikin jerin zaɓe a ƙasar. Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya ba ta damar yin jawabi ga 'yan Kamaru sama da 500,000 cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. <ref name=":0"/> She stood for the presidency along with 22 other candidates including [[Paul Biya]], [[John Ndi Fru|John Fru Ndi]] . She campaigned under the slogan "Kah Walla 2011 - The Time is Now".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Les 23 candidats à l'élection présidentielle 2011 |url=https://www.cameroon-tribune.cm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65217%253Ales-23-candidats-a-lelection-presidentielle&catid=1%253Apolitique&Itemid=3&showall=1 |access-date=2016-01-29 |website=www.cameroon-tribune.cm}}</ref> She was ranked 6th out of the 23 candidates,<ref name=":2" /> with 0.72% of the vote,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Journal Du Cameroun.com: Cameroun: Voici les résultats de l'élection présidentielle du 09 octobre 2011 |url=http://www.journalducameroun.com/article.php?aid=10079 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204043453/http://www.journalducameroun.com/article.php?aid=10079 |archive-date=2016-02-04 |access-date=2016-01-29 |website=www.journalducameroun.com}}</ref> at the end of the election which was won by incumbent President [[Paul Biya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2011 |title=Paul Biya remporte sans surprise l'élection présidentielle au Cameroun |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20111022-paul-biya-remporte-surprise-election-presidentielle-cameroun |access-date=2016-01-29 |website=RFI Afrique |language=fr-FR}}</ref> === Rikicin Ingilishi === A watan Maris na 2019, ta tayar da cece-kuce da suka a tsakanin 'yan Kamaru da yawa masu magana da Ingilishi saboda kalaman da ta yi a lokacin wani taron tattaunawa a Makarantar Harkokin Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Elliott da ke Jami'ar George Washington. Tana magana ne a wani taron mai taken "Rikicin Kamaru." <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2019 |title=Dsc04559 |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/elliottschool/46907162024}}</ref> Tana zaune tare da Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka, Jennifer Cooke, da R. Maxwell Bone, da kuma ɗaliba a jami'ar da ta shafe lokaci a yankunan Ingilishi na Kamaru. Ta yi tsokaci tana zargin 'yan aware masu magana da Ingilishi da ke aiki daga ƙasashen waje da ƙarya da munafunci. Kalaman da ta yi sun haifar da yarjejeniya daga Jennifer Cooke da R. Maxwell Bone kuma daga baya sun yaɗu a shafukan sada zumunta. Wannan ya haifar da suka ga sauran masu magana da yawun da ke adawa da rabuwar kan Ingila, da kuma zargin cewa tana son zama minista a gwamnatin Paul Biya ta yanzu. Ita, tare da sauran masu magana biyu sun ce an ɗauke maganganun ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, kuma ita da Bone da Cooke duk sun soki gwamnatin Kamaru a wasu sassan kwamitin. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://twitter.com/apocsnet/status/1119175000202842112}}</ref> Bayan kwamitin, ita da R. Maxwell Bone sun fuskanci barazanar kisa, da kuma barazana daga mutanen da ke da alaƙa da manufar Ambazonian. Wannan abin damuwa ne musamman ga R. Maxwell Bone wanda ke aiki sosai tare da ƙungiyoyin agaji na ƙasashen waje a Kamaru masu magana da Ingilishi. Kah tana zaune a Douala, don haka ba a ɗauki barazanar a matsayin haɗari nan take a gare ta ba. Tun daga lokacin bazara na 2019, har yanzu suna ci gaba da zama batun barazana, bayanai marasa tushe, da barazana. An yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana nuna ainihin yanayin masu ra'ayin raba ƙasar Ambazonian, ikirarin da masu ra'ayin raba ƙasar suka musanta. == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == * 2015 : Kyautar Vanguard ta Vital Voices ta 2015 * 2014: Kyautar DVF ( [[Diane von Fürstenberg|Diane Von Furstenberg]] ) <ref>{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Lauren |date=7 April 2014 |title=DVF Awards Honor Extraordinary Women |url=http://wwd.com/eye/parties/dvf-awards-honor-extraordinary-women-7632844/ |access-date=2016-03-21 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2011: Kyautar Jagoranci ta Duniya ta Vital Voices a Rayuwar Jama'a <ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Leadership Awards 2011: Kah Walla {{!}} Vital Voices |url=http://www.vitalvoices.org/media/global-leadership-awards-2011-kah-walla |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602093026/http://vitalvoices.org/media/global-leadership-awards-2011-kah-walla |archive-date=2012-06-02 |access-date=2016-03-21 |website=www.vitalvoices.org}}</ref> * 2010: Newsweek & Daily Beast sun ambace shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 150 da ke girgiza duniya <ref name=":1"/> * 2007: Bankin Duniya ya amince da ita a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 'yan kasuwa 7 da ke aiki don inganta yanayin kasuwanci a Afirka == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pg9o3e57kf63sfjhdi1zk3xm5qfjbey 0 146807 827914 814713 2026-04-30T07:37:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kisan Magdalena Stoffels''' ya faru ne a [[Windhoek]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] a ranar 27 ga Yuli, 2010. Fyade da kisan da aka yi wa yarinyar 'yar shekara 17 ya haifar da zanga-zanga da muhawara kan matsayin Namibia kan [[Hukuncin Kisa|hukuncin kisa]] . Ba a sake samun wanda ya aikata laifin ba. == Shari'ar == An gano Stoffels, wata yarinya ' yar shekara 17 a wani bakin kogi kusa da Makarantar Sakandare ta David Bezuidenhout bayan an yi [[Fyade|mata fyade]] aka kuma kashe ta . Daga baya a wannan rana, wani jami'in 'yan sanda ya sami wani mutum mai suna Junias Fillipus (32), yana wanke tufafi a cikin wannan bakin kogi. Nisa tsakanin mita 300 zuwa 500 daga inda aka gano gawar Stoffels. Bayan ya lura da abin da ya yi imanin cewa alamun karce ne a gwiwoyinsa da baya da kuma tabon jini a kan tufafin, jami'in 'yan sandan ya kama Fillipus dangane da harin.<ref name="evidence">{{cite news |title=Question mark over murder evidence |first=Werner |last=Menges |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/question-mark-over-murder-evidence/ |newspaper=[[The Namibian]] |date=28 January 2011 |access-date=18 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527175222/http://www.namibian.com.na/news/full-story/archive/2011/january/article/question-mark-over-murder-evidence/ |archive-date=27 May 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Bayan haka == Jaridar ''The Namibia'' ta bayyana laifin a matsayin daya daga cikin "mafi shahararru shari'o'in cin zarafin mata da yara da aka rubuta a [Namibia] a shekarar 2010". <ref>{{cite news |title=Pohamba deplores violence against women in 2010 |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201101040291.html |newspaper=[[The Namibian]] |date=January 4, 2011}}</ref> Jaridar ''Windhoek Observer'' ta lura cewa "kama Fillipus ya haifar da koke-koke a bainar jama'a game da cin zarafin da ya danganci jinsi ". Kimanin mutane 3,000, ciki har da 'yan makaranta daga makarantu 10, sun yi tattaki daga makarantar Stoffels zuwa Kotun Majistare da ke Katutura don nuna rashin amincewarta da fyade da kisan da ta yi da kuma mika takardar koke ga Mataimakin Babban Mai Shari'a, Johnny Truter, wanda ya nuna yawan laifukan da ake aikatawa kan yaran Namibia. <ref>{{cite news |title=Murder suspect's bail application postponed |url=http://www.observer.com.na/archives/581-murder-suspects-bail-application-postponed |newspaper=[[Windhoek Observer]] |date=2011 |access-date=March 17, 2011}}</ref>''Jaridar Southern Times'' ta ruwaito cewa kisan Stoffels "ya haifar da muhawara kan sake aiwatar da [[Hukuncin Kisa|hukuncin kisa]] " a Namibia. <ref>{{cite news |title=Forget about death penalty in Namibia |first=Charles |last=Tjatindi |url=http://www.southerntimesafrica.com/article.php?title=%27Forget_about_death_penalty_in_Namibia%27__%A0_&id=4539 |newspaper=[[The Southern Times]] |date=6 August 2010 |access-date=28 March 2026 |archive-date=13 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213043450/https://southerntimesafrica.com/article.php?title=%27Forget_about_death_penalty_in_Namibia%27__%A0_&id=4539 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Binciken shaidun bincike ya ɗauki kusan shekara guda. Sakamakon bai danganta Fillipus da laifin ba, kuma an janye tuhumar da ake masa. A watan Mayu na 2011, an sake shi daga tsarewa. Fillipus ya kai ƙarar 'Yan sandan Namibia kan kama shi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, tsare shi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, da kuma gurfanar da shi a gaban kuliya a shekarar 2013. A shekarar 2016, an yi watsi da tuhume-tuhume biyu na farko daga [[Windhoek High Court|Babbar Kotun Windhoek]] saboda dokar hana irin waɗannan tuhume-tuhumen na tsawon shekara ɗaya. Har yanzu ba a saurari ƙarar ta uku a kotu ba. A halin yanzu, masu bincike suna fargabar cewa shari'ar ta yi sanyi . A shekarar 2013, an sanya wa wata gadar masu tafiya a ƙasa a yankin Khomasdal na Windhoek suna bayan Magdalena Stoffels. Tana kusa da makarantar David Bezuidenhout inda Stoffels ɗalibi ne, kuma tana ratsa gadar kogin Arebbusch inda kisan ya faru. Akwai fatan cewa gadar za ta hana aikata laifuka a nan gaba a cikin gadar da ke da dazuzzuka.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Magdalena Stoffels bridge nearly ready |newspaper=[[Namibian Sun]] |date=28 February 2013 |url=http://sun.com.na/content/national-news/magdalena-stoffels-bridge-nearly-ready}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin kisan gillar da ba a warware ba (2000-yanzu) == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} qo842m29pgd8khyaw19op04vbylvlhe 0 146878 827743 815171 2026-04-29T15:31:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Johariah binti Haji Abdul Wahab''' jami'ar diflomasiyya ce ta Brunei wadda a baya ta riƙe muƙamin jakada mai girma ta [[Brunei]] a [[Filipin|Philippines]] daga 2016 zuwa 2022. == Aikin diflomasiyya == === Philippines === Johariah ta taɓa zama darektan Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Ciniki (MOFAT) na Ma'aikatar ASEAN . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2016-11-02 |title=Crown Prince grants audience to newly-appointed envoys |url=https://borneo363.rssing.com/chan-61976226/article1559.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=borneo363.rssing.com}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2016, Johariah ta sami takardar shaidar amincewa daga [[Hassanal Bolkiah|Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah]] . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2016-10-31 |title=COURTESY CALL BY BRUNEI DARUSSALAM’S NEW AMBASSADOR TO THE REPUBLIC OF PHILIPPINES |url=https://www.mindef.gov.bn/Lists/News/DispForm.aspx?ID=3938&Source=https://www.mindef.gov.bn/Lists/News/All%2520News.aspx?Paged=TRUE&p_Published_x0020_Date=20161206%252016%253A00%253A00&p_ordering=1%252E00000000000000&p_ID=3972&PageFirstRow=1351&&View=%257BF4E5D0B9-B02F-42F3-AF3E-515EDD1BC05C%257D&ContentTypeId=0x0100CAC0162585062A43B942A7BC2F0B9F04 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.mindef.gov.bn}}</ref> A matsayinta na sabuwar jakadar Brunei Darussalam da aka naɗa a Philippines, [[Al-Muhtadee Billah|Yarima Al-Muhtadee Billah]] ya yi mata jawabi. <ref name=":1" /> Ta ziyarci Dato Abdul Aziz, mataimakin ministan tsaro, a ranar 31 ga Oktoba, inda ministar ta yi kira da a ƙara yin aiki tare da ma'aikatan RBAF da ke wurin da kuma tabbatar da jin daɗinsu, musamman na membobin Ƙungiyar Kula da Ƙasashen Duniya (IMT) da ke Mindanao . <ref name=":2" /> A ranar 6 ga Disamba, ta wuce ta gaban masu gadin girmamawa a kan hanyarta ta zuwa Fadar Malacañang don ba wa Shugaba Rodrigo Roa Duterte takardar shaidarta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-06 |title=December 06, 2016 – Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary (AEP) Designate of Brunei Johariah Wahab walks past the honor guards on his way to presenting her credentials to President Rodrigo Roa Duterte… |url=https://pco.gov.ph/photo09-120616-2/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=pco.gov.ph}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2019, Johariah tana cikin jami'an Brunei da suka halarci bude gasar wasannin SEA ta 30. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-01 |title=Brunei Darussalam National Olympic Council |url=https://www.bruneiolympic.org/?t=news/index&p=news/2019/20191201a |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.bruneiolympic.org}}</ref> A wata ziyarar girmamawa da suka kai a ranar 15 ga Maris, 2021, mataimakiyar sakatariya mai kula da harkokin Asiya da Pacific ta gana da ita don tattauna karfafa dangantakar kasashen biyu, musamman a fannin kasuwanci da saka hannun jari a Mindanao da yankin BIMP-EAGA, da kuma hadin gwiwar tsaro da dabaru yayin da babban yankin ASEAN ke ci gaba da fama da [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=salama |date=2021-03-29 |title=Indonesia, Brunei strengthen bilateral relations with Philippines |url=https://halalfocus.net/indonesia-brunei-strengthen-bilateral-relations-with-philippines/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=halalfocus.net |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_poses_for_a_photo_opportunity_with_the_ASEAN_Ambassadors.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Johariah (shuɗi) tare da Shugaba Duterte da jakadun ASEAN a shekarar 2022]] A ranar 6 ga Yuni 2022, ta gana da zababben shugaban ƙasa Bongbong Marcos a ofisoshinsa na Mandaluyong don nuna ƙudurin ƙasashen biyu na ƙarfafa alaƙa da Philippines a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin da ke tafe. A lokacin wata ziyara ta bazata a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a ranar 22 ga Yuni 2022, Sakataren Harkokin Waje Teodoro Locsin Jr. da Johariah sun yi bitar muhimman ci gaban da aka samu a dangantakar da ke tsakanin Philippines da Brunei a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. === Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje === Daga ranar 10 ga Agusta 2022, [[Hassanal Bolkiah|Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah]] ya amince da nadin Johariah a matsayin sakatare na dindindin a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje (MFA). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-10 |title=New permanent secretary appointed |url=https://borneobulletin.com.bn/new-permanent-secretary-appointed/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=borneobulletin.com.bn |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2022 |title=New Appointments |url=https://www.information.gov.bn/Brunei%20Today%20PDF%20Library/BDN%202022/BDN%20AUGUST%202022_FINAL.pdf |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.information.gov.bn}}</ref> Shugaban ya nuna godiyarsa a madadin dukkan ƙasar game da ƙoƙarin da Brunei Darussalam ke yi na ƙarfafa alaƙa tsakanin ƙasashen biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-28 |title=Marcos wishes safe travels for outgoing Brunei envoy Wahab |url=https://politiko.com.ph/2022/08/28/marcos-wishes-safe-travels-for-outgoing-brunei-envoy-wahab/daily-feed/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=politiko.com.ph |language=en-US}}</ref> Daga baya a ranar 26 ga Agusta, Shugaba Bongbong Marcos ya shirya mata gaisuwar bankwana, jakadiyar da ta bar aiki, a ɗakin kiɗa da ke Fadar Malacañang . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-26 |title=Farewell Call of H.E. Johariah Wahab, Ambassador of Brunei Darussalam to the Philippines |url=https://rtvm.gov.ph/farewell-call-of-h-e-johariah-wahab-ambassador-of-brunei-darussalam-to-the-philippines%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=rtvm.gov.ph }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-27 |title=PBBM commends Obiena for topping Germany meet |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1182327 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.pna.gov.ph |language=en}}</ref> Johariah ta wakilci Brunei a tarurruka da tarurruka da dama tun bayan barin mukaminta na jakada a Philippines, ciki har da taron Majalisar Tsaron Siyasa ta ASEAN a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2023; <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-09 |title=ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting in Labuan Bajo |url=https://epaimages.com/search.pp?pictureid=11459769&title=ASEAN-Foreign-Ministers-Meeting-in-Labuan-Bajo |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=epaimages.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-09 |title=Indonesia seeks to strengthen ASEAN's foundation at 42nd Summit |url=https://en.antaranews.com/news/280974/indonesia-seeks-to-strengthen-aseans-foundation-at-42nd-summit |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=en.antaranews.com |language=en}}</ref> shugabar taron manyan jami'ai na ASEAN-UK karo na 2 a ranar 8 ga Yuni 2023; <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-06-09 |title=ASEAN, UK commit to enhancing dialogue partnership {{!}} ASEAN {{!}} Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus) |url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/asean-uk-commit-to-enhancing-dialogue-partnership/254462.vnp |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=en.vietnamplus.vn |language=en}}</ref> taron ministocin harkokin waje na ASEAN a taron ministocin bayan ASEAN a ranar 14 ga Yuli 2023; <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Jakarta Post |first= |date=2023-07-15 |title=ASEAN remains focused on economy - Asia & Pacific |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/world/2023/07/15/analysts-fear-aseans-focus-on-economics-may-limit-regional-security-progress.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.thejakartapost.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Niniek Karmini and Jim Gomez |first= |date=2023-07-14 |title=Southeast Asian leaders condemn Myanmar violence, but can't agree on solution |url=http://sahanjournal.com/news-partners/myanmar-violence-southeast-asian-nations-diplomats-cant-settle-on-solution/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=sahanjournal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma shugabar taron tattaunawa na 31 na ASEAN-New Zealand a ranar 19 ga Afrilu 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=ASEAN, New Zealand echo commitment to energise strategic partnership |url=https://asean.org/asean-new-zealand-echo-commitment-to-energise-strategic-partnership/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=asean.org}}</ref> A matsayinta na memba mai daraja a bikin, ta halarci bikin buɗe bikin abinci a [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] a ranar 4 ga Agusta 2023, tare da bikin cika shekaru 50 na abota da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ASEAN da Japan, wanda aka gudanar a ofishin jakadancin Philippines . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Haniza Abdul Latif |date=2023-08-05 |title=Mempromosikan kepelbagaian makanan tradisi |url=https://www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn/Arkib%20Dokumen/2023/PELITA%20BRUNEI%2007082023.pdf |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-05 |title=50th Year of ASEAN -Japan Friendship and Cooperation |url=https://bsb.thaiembassy.org/th/content/50th-year-of-asean-japan-friendship-and-cooperatio?page=5d830eec15e39c31b400260a&menu=5d830eec15e39c31b400260b |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=bsb.thaiembassy.org |language=th}}</ref> Sakatare Janar na Cibiyar ASEAN-China (ACC) ya yi taro da ita a MFA ta Brunei a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-29 |title=中国—东盟中心 |url=http://www.asean-china-center.org/english/2024-02/13235.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.asean-china-center.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-02 |title=Brunei commits to foster ASEAN-China bilateral ties » Borneo Bulletin Online |url=https://borneobulletin.com.bn/brunei-commits-to-foster-asean-china-bilateral-ties/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=borneobulletin.com.bn |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Johariah tana auren Haseri bin Haji Asli, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohamad |first=Lyna |date=2023-08-06 |title=Showcase of ASEAN, Japan, Timor-Leste flavours |url=https://borneobulletin.com.bn/showcase-of-asean-japan-timor-leste-flavours/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240729020048/https://borneobulletin.com.bn/showcase-of-asean-japan-timor-leste-flavours/#selection-2391.186-2391.198 |archive-date=2024-07-29 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Borneo Bulletin Online |language=en-US}}</ref> tsohon ɗan tseren ƙasa wanda ya fafata a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brunei Darussalam National Olympic Council |url=https://www.bruneiolympic.org/?t=news/index&p=news/2020/20200403a |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.bruneiolympic.org}}</ref> Ma'auratan suna da 'ya mace ɗaya tare. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arcache |first=Maurice |title=A taste of ASEAN diplomacy & cuisine at SM Aura |url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/2019/09/18/1952630/taste-asean-diplomacy-cuisine-sm-aura |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.philstar.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ci79xodqvgzf0zxuyjt1o41544ulwuz 0 147904 827891 821143 2026-04-30T03:20:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Katherine Grace Hammack''' (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 1959) ita ce tsohuwar Mataimakiyar Sakataren Soja [[Tarayyar Amurka|ta Amurka]] (Kayan Aiki, Makamashi da Muhalli), bayan ta hau mulki a ranar 28 ga Yuni, 2010, kuma ta kammala nadinta a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2017. Daga nan ta koma wurin tsohon ma'aikacinta, Ernst &amp;amp; Young LLP, a matsayin babbar darekta a fannin ba da shawara kan harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |date=August 7, 2017 |title=Former Assistant Secretary of the Army Katherine Hammack returns to Ernst & Young LLP as Executive Director in the Government and Public Sector Advisory practice |url=http://www.ey.com/us/en/newsroom/news-releases/news-ey-former-assistant-secretary-of-the-army-katherine-hammack-returns-to-ernst-young-llp-as-executive-director |access-date=May 8, 2018 |website=Ernst and Young, LLP }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eric White |date=August 8, 2017 |title=Senate approves bill to take on government card fraud |url=https://federalnewsradio.com/federal-newscast/2017/08/senate-approves-bill-to-take-on-government-card-fraud/ |access-date=May 8, 2018 |website=Federal News Radio}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Katherine Grace Dellett a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], kuma ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Jihar Oregon, inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniyan injiniya tare da ƙwarewa a fannin [[Rashin zafi, iska, da sanyaya iska|HVAC]] a shekarar 1981. Daga baya ta sami digiri na MBA daga Jami'ar Hartford a shekarar 1990. <ref name="ReferenceA"/> Aikin Hammack ya mayar da hankali kan [[wiktionary:advisor|ayyukan ba da shawara kan]] [[makamashi]] da dorewa . Musamman ma, ta yi aiki kan kimanta ayyukan [[Tsaro na makamashi|kiyaye makamashi]], ciki har da haɓaka [[Samun iska (ginin gine-gine)|iska]], rarraba iska a ɗaki, [[Ingancin iska na cikin gida|ingancin iska a cikin gida]], ingancin haske, haɓaka haɗuwa, [[Fasaha mai daurewa|ƙira mai ɗorewa]], makamashin rana, da ayyukan gini . Daga Nuwamba 1995 zuwa Maris 2001, Hammack babbar jami'a ce a fannin asusun gwamnati a Arizona Public Service . Daga Maris 2001 zuwa Yuni 2010, ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar manaja a fannin Ernst &amp;amp; Young Climate Change and Sustainability Services. A can, aikinta ya mayar da hankali kan taimaka wa abokan cinikinta su sami takardar shaidar LEED . A watan Janairun 2010, Shugaban Amurka [[Barack Obama]] ya naɗa Hammack a matsayin Mataimakin Sakataren Sojoji (Kayan Aiki, Makamashi da Muhalli) kuma, bayan da Majalisar Dattawa ta tabbatar da ita, aka rantsar da ita a matsayin mukami a ranar 28 ga Yuni, 2010. A ranar 7 ga Agusta, 2017, an sanar da cewa za ta koma ga tsohon ma'aikacinta, Ernst & Young LLP, a matsayin babbar darekta a fannin ba da shawara kan harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] 24vryfy0j7i9o7gmwip2v34lblmjt04 0 147994 827720 820552 2026-04-29T12:05:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Wannan '''jerin wuraren Superfund ne a Maine''' da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin Dokar Muhalli Mai Cikakken Amsawa, Diyya, da Alhaki (CERCLA). Dokar tarayya ta CERCLA ta 1980 ta ba wa [[Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka]] (EPA) izinin ƙirƙirar jerin wuraren da [[Gurbatar yanayi|suka gurɓata]] waɗanda ke buƙatar magani na dogon lokaci don tsaftace gurɓatattun abubuwa masu haɗari. Waɗannan wurare ana kiransu wuraren Superfund, kuma an sanya su a cikin Jerin Fifiko na Ƙasa (NPL). Hukumar NPL ce ke jagorantar EPA wajen "ƙayyade waɗanne wurare ne suka cancanci ƙarin bincike" don [[gyara muhalli]].<ref name="NPL">{{Cite web |title=National Priorities List |url=http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205073817/http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/ |archive-date=December 5, 2012 |access-date=January 17, 2011 |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 2010, akwai wurare 12 na Superfund a cikin Jerin Fifiko na Ƙasa a [[Maine (Tarayyar Amurka)|Maine]].<ref name="NPL" /> A halin yanzu ba a ba da shawarar ƙarin shafuka don shiga cikin jerin ba. <ref name="NPL"/> An tsaftace wurare uku kuma an cire su daga jerin.<ref name="NPL"/> == Shafukan Superfund == : {{Legend inline|#d0f0c0|Deleted from National Priorities List}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !CERCLIS ID !Name !County !Reason !Proposed !Listed !Construction<br /><br />completed !Partially<br /><br />deleted !Deleted |- |ME9570024522 |Loring Air Force Base |Aroostook |Groundwater is contaminated with [[Magungunan kwayoyin halitta masu tashi|volatile organic compounds]] (VOCs) such as trichloroethylene (TCE), and fuel-related compounds, including benzene and toluene. Soils contain significant amounts of fuel, oil, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCBs, and various VOCs. Surface water and sediment contaminated with VOCs, PCBs, PAHs, and heavy metals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Loring Air Force Base |url=https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0101074 |access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NPL Site Narrative for Loring Air Force Base |url=https://semspub.epa.gov/work/01/75001256.pdf |access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref> |Jul 14, 1989 |Feb 21, 1990 |Mar 23, 2001 |{{Center|&ndash;}} |{{Center|&ndash;}} |- style="background:#d0f0c0" |MED980732291 |[[Pinette's Salvage Yard]] |Aroostook |900 to 1,000 gallons of dielectrical fluids from Loring containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) spilled directly onto the ground. The oil migrated through the soil and contaminated groundwater and surface water.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pinette's Salvage Yard |url=https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0101036 |access-date=April 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NPL Site Narrative for Pinette's Salvage Yard |url=http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar33.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024044948/http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar33.htm |archive-date=October 24, 2012 |access-date=December 6, 2009}}</ref> |Dec 30, 1982 |Sep 8, 1983 |Jun 3, 1997 |{{Center|&ndash;}} |Sep 30, 2002 |- |ME8170022018 |Brunswick Naval Air Station |Cumberland |Wastes and chemicals from pesticides, ordnance, firefighting foam, and uncapped landfill.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brunswick Naval Air Station Site Profile |url=https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0101073 |access-date=January 12, 2020 |website=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]]}}</ref> |Oct 15, 1984 |Jul 22, 1987 |Sep 27, 2002 |{{Center|&ndash;}} |{{Center|&ndash;}} |- |MED980524078 |[[McKin Co.]] |Cumberland |soil and water contamination from 1965 liquid waste storage and incinerator<ref>{{Cite web |title=MCKIN CO. Site Profile |url=https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.Cleanup&id=0101027#bkground |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=cumulis.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> [https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0101027] |Dec 30, 1982 |Sep 8, 1983 |Mar 24, 1992 |{{Center|&ndash;}} |{{Center|&ndash;}} |- |MED980524128 |[[Callahan Mine]] |Hancock |soil and water contamination from mining tailings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Callahan Mining Corp Site Profile |url=https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0101028 |access-date=January 12, 2020 |website=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]]}}</ref> |Sep 13, 2001 |Sep 5, 2002 |{{Center|&ndash;}} |{{Center|&ndash;}} |{{Center|&ndash;}} |- style="background:#d0f0c0" |MED980731475 |[[O'Connor Co.]] |Kennebec |soil and water contamination from salvage and electrical transformer recycling business.[https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0101031] |Dec 30, 1982 |Sep 8, 1983 |Sep 26, 2002 |{{Center|&ndash;}} |Jul 22, 2014 |- |MED980504435 |[[Winthrop Landfill]] |Kennebec |soil and water contamination from landfill since the 1930s, more than 3 million gallons of chemical wastes, mostly complex organic compounds including resins, plasticizers, solvents and other chemicals<ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA OSRTI |date=nd |title=WINTHROP LANDFILL Site Profile |url=https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/CurSites/srchsites.cfm |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=cumulis.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> |Dec 30, 1982 |Sep 8, 1983 |Dec 23, 1997 |{{Center|&ndash;}} |{{Center|&ndash;}} |- |MED042143883 |[[Union Chemical Co., Inc.]] |Knox |soil and water contamination from 1967 paint and coating strippers manufacture, 1969 handling and recovering petrochemical-based solvents, 1979 incinerator to burn contaminated sludge<ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA OSRTI |date=nd |title=UNION CHEMICAL CO., INC. Site Profile |url=https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/CurSites/srchsites.cfm |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=cumulis.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> |Jun 24, 1988 |Oct 4, 1989 |Sep 30, 1997 |{{Center|&ndash;}} |{{Center|&ndash;}} |- |MED980915474 |[[Eastland Woolen Mill]] |Penobscot |soil and water contamination from manufacturer and finisher (dyeing) of wool and fabric with biphenyl and chlorinated benzene compounds. Liquid wastes discharged to ground beneath mill buildings until 1977. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA OSRTI |date=nd |title=EASTLAND WOOLEN MILL Site Profile |url=https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/CurSites/srchsites.cfm |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=cumulis.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> |Apr 23, 1999 |Jul 22, 1999 |Sep 28, 2006 |Oct 1, 2012 |{{Center|&ndash;}} |- |MED985466168 |[[West Site/Hows Corners]] |Penobscot |soil and groundwater contamination with perchloroethylene (PCE) and other contaminants from Portland/Bangor Waste Oil Company (1965 to 1980) |Feb 13, 1995 |Sep 29, 1995 |{{Center|&ndash;}} |{{Center|&ndash;}} |{{Center|&ndash;}} |- |MED981073711 |[[Eastern Surplus]] |Washington |soil and groundwater incl. Dennys River contaminated with hazardous chemicals like calcium carbide, polychlorinated biphenyls and volatile organic compounds from retailer of army surplus and salvage items (from 1946 to the early 1980s)<ref>{{Cite web |last=EPA |date=nd |title=EASTERN SURPLUS Site Profile |url=https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.Cleanup&id=0101054#bkground |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=cumulis.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> |Oct 2, 1995 |Jun 17, 1996 |Sep 25, 2001 |{{Center|&ndash;}} |{{Center|&ndash;}} |- |ME7170022019 |Portsmouth Naval Shipyard |York |Contamination in groundwater, soils, and sediments with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), metals and benzene from shipbuilding and submarine repair work since 1917, landfill operations, spills and leaks from industrial operations and piping, storage of batteries and other materials, filling of land, and outfalls to the river.<ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA OSRTI |date=nd |title=PORTSMOUTH NAVAL SHIPYARD Site Profile |url=https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/CurSites/srchsites.cfm |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=cumulis.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> |Jun 23, 1993 |May 31, 1994 |{{Center|&ndash;}} |{{Center|&ndash;}} |{{Center|&ndash;}} |- |MED980504393 |[[Saco Municipal Landfill]] |York |Soil and groundwater contamination from tannery sludge containing chromium and other heavy metals, and volatile organic compounds on Saco Municipal Landfill since 1960<ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA OSRTI |date=nd |title=SACO MUNICIPAL LANDFILL Site Profile |url=https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/CurSites/srchsites.cfm |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=cumulis.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> |Jun 24, 1988 |Feb 21, 1990 |Sep 29, 2000 |{{Center|&ndash;}} |{{Center|&ndash;}} |- style="background:#d0f0c0" |MED980520241 |[[Saco Tannery Waste Pits]] |York |Disposal area for process wastes such as chromium sludges, acid wastes, methylene chloride and caustic substances.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saco Tannery Waste Pits Site Profile |url=https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0101014 |access-date=January 12, 2020 |website=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] |archive-date=July 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718003317/https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0101014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Dec 30, 1982 |Sep 8, 1983 |Sep 30, 1993 |{{Center|&ndash;}} |Sep 29, 1999 |- |} == Manazarta == 7ubx3eitqf4tqbo5xszlklh7sr4z4id 0 148324 827882 822856 2026-04-30T00:58:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Karasawa Cirque''' yana daya daga cikin manyan cirques na kankara a kasar[[Japan]], wanda ke cikin yankin [[Kamikochi]] na Azumi, Matsumoto City, a cikin [[Nagano prefecture|Gundumar Nagano]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-13 |title=The Karasawa Cirque, round trip from Kamikochi |url=https://hikesinjapan.yamakei-online.com/course/31.php |access-date=2022-08-27 |publisher=Hikes in Japan}}</ref> Dukan cirque da tsaunuka da ke kewaye da su duk suna cikin [[Chūbu-Sangaku National Park|Gidan shakatawa na Chūbu-Sangaku]], wanda aka sanya shi wurin shakatawa na kasa a ranar 4 ga Disamba, 1934. == Bayani == Karasawa Cirque yana ƙarƙashin kololuwar Dutsen Hotakadake, gami da Dutsen Okuhatakadake mafi girma (3,190m), a cikin tsaunin Hida ko Arewacin Jafananci Alps.  Sauran kololuwan da ke kewaya kwarin glacial sun haɗa da Dutsen Karasawa (3,110m), Dutsen Kitahotakadake, da (3,106m) Maehotakadake (3,090m).  Sauran wurare masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da: Shirade Col (白出のコル) inda Hotakadake dutsen gida (穂高岳山荘, Hotakadake sansou), wanda aka gina a 1924, yana a 2983m;  da wani tudu, Seitengrat (ザイテングラート) wanda ke kaiwa Dutsen Okuhatakakadake. Diamita na cirque yana da kimanin 2,000m. Ƙasa ta cirque tana da 2,300m sama da matakin teku, tare da bambanci a tsawo na 900m. Rage dusar ƙanƙara daga cirque yana taimakawa wajen samar da Kogin Azusa, wanda ke gudana ta kwarin Kamikochi, kafin ya shiga Kogin Sai sannan kuma Kogin Shinano, mafi tsawo a Japan. Yankin Karasawa, Matsumoto an sanya shi a matsayin yanki mai wahala a samu (交通困難地, Kōtsū kon'nan-chi) ta Japan Post, don haka ba zai yiwu a aika wasika zuwa wannan yanki daga waje ba. == Gudun dutse da hawan dutse == [[Fayil:Overflow_(248063459).jpeg|left|thumb|Bayyanar dare na alfarwa a cirque a ƙasa da saman Dutsen Kitahotaka]] [[Fayil:Okuhotaka_behind_Karasawa_Hutte.jpg|left|thumb|Ra'ayi na Dutsen Okuhotaka sama da Karasawa Hütte a Karasawa Cirque]] Karasawa Cirque ita ce cibiyar hawan dutse Dutsen Hotakadake, kuma tana cike da alfarwa a lokacin rani. Masu hawan dutse na iya zaɓar zama a Karasawa Hütte ko Karasawa Hut. Wasu dusar ƙanƙara suna kasancewa a lokacin rani. Har ila yau, cirque ya shahara da launuka masu haske na ganye na kaka, kuma shine "mafi kyawun tafiya na kaka a Kamikochi".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-13 |title="Karasawa Cirque", the Best Autumn Hike in Kamikochi |url=https://www.alpico.co.jp/en/travelog/post/karasawa-cirque-best-autumn-hike-in-kamikochi/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |publisher=[[Alpico Kōtsū]]}}</ref> Wata sananniyar hanyar tafiye-tafiye ta kwana 2, kilomita 30, tare da karuwar tsawo 800m, zuwa cirque ya fara ne a Kamikochi Bus Terminal (1,504m), yana ɗaukar masu hawan dutse da masu hawan hawa da suka wuce Myojinkan (明神館, Myoujinkan) (kimanin + 1 awa) (1,504 m), Tokusawa-en (徳沢園, Tokusawa -en) + 1 awa (徳沢), (尾, Yokoo) (+ 1 awa) (1,620m), Hontani Bridge (谷橋, 1 awa) (+300 Hontani) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-13 |title=The Karasawa Cirque, round trip from Kamikochi |url=https://hikesinjapan.yamakei-online.com/course/31.php |access-date=2022-08-27 |publisher=Hikes in Japan}}</ref> Hanyar tana da faɗi har zuwa Yokoo, sannan ta tashi zuwa gadar Hontani, kuma daga can tsawo ya tashi sosai zuwa 2300m a kan nisan kilomita 2. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a yi tafiya zuwa Yokoo daga Dutsen Yari (3,180) ko Dutsen Chō (2,677m) kuma a ci gaba zuwa Hontani Bridge da bayan. Masu hawan dutse da suka fi kwarewa za su iya ratsawa cikin cirque, misali daga Dutsen Yari, zuwa Dutsen Nakadake, zuwa Dutsan Minamidake, sannan tare da rata ta Daikiretto zuwa Dutsen Kitahotakadake . <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Daikiretto Gap |url=https://hikesinjapan.com/daikiretto-gap |access-date=2022-08-27 |publisher=Hikes in Japan }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lura cewa hanyar da ke tsakanin Dutsen Yari da Dutsen Kitahotakadake an kiyasta ta hanyar da ta fi ƙalubale a Nagano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagano Trail Guide by Grade |url=https://www.pref.nagano.lg.jp/kankoki/smartphone/documents/english2018.pdf |access-date=August 26, 2022}}</ref> == Karasawa Glacier == Masanin ilimin ƙasa Tomoya Iozawa ya ba da shawarar matakai biyu na kankara a Japan ta hanyar karanta hotunan sama na Alps na Japan. Na farko daga cikin wadannan shine Yokoo Glacier (shekaru dubu 60 da suka gabata) ɗayan kuma Karasawa Glacier (ishekaru dubu 20 da suka gabata).<ref>{{Cite web |title=地球実感！長野県の地質風景／環境保全研究所 |url=https://www.pref.nagano.lg.jp/kanken/chosa/kenkyu/chishitsu/chishitsu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115025053/https://www.pref.nagano.lg.jp/kanken/chosa/kenkyu/chishitsu/chishitsu.html |archive-date=2021-01-15 |access-date=2019-01-30 |website=www.pref.nagano.lg.jp}}</ref> == Gidajen tsaunuka == Akwai manyan gidaje biyu na dutse a cikin cirque, [https://karasawa-hyutte.com/ Karasawa Hutte] da Hut na Karasawa, da sauransu kusa da tsaunuka da koguna da ke kewaye. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|36.2933991|N|137.6588256|E}} c8gxr8laguv8cba2l2ihol79mahimbe 0 148432 827723 824662 2026-04-29T12:36:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jermod Iverson McCoy''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka. McCoy ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Oregon State Beavers da Tennessee Volunteers . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi McCoy a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 2005, a Tyler, Texas . <ref name="TheBeast">{{Cite web |last=Brugler |first=Dane |date=April 8, 2026 |title=The Beast: 2026 NFL Draft Guide |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/interactive/the-beast-2026/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 8, 2026 |website=[[The Athletic]]}}</ref> Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Whitehouse a Whitehouse, Texas . <ref name="f823">{{Cite web |last=Hicks |first=Phil |date=May 22, 2023 |title=Whitehouse shining star Jermod Isaiah McCoy 'going places' |url=https://tylerpaper.com/graduation2023/whitehouse-shining-star-jermod-mccoy-going-places/article_8106a6cc-f534-11ed-a664-7328413c3fad.html |access-date=October 19, 2024 |website=TylerPaper.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya taka leda a bangaren da kuma mai karɓar karɓa a makarantar sakandare. A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, yana da 28 tackles da biyu interceptions a matsayin cornerback da 57 receptions for 784 yadudduka da takwas touchdowns a matsayin mai karɓa. Wani tauraron taurari uku, McCoy ya himmatu ga Jami'ar Jihar Oregon don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Machado |first=Angie |date=2022-11-21 |title=COMMITMENT: CB Jermod McCoy Commits to Oregon State |url=https://247sports.com/college/oregon-state/article/jermod-mccoy-commitment-oregon-state-198206555/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=247Sports}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A cikin shekara guda a Jihar Oregon a 2023, McCoy ya buga wasanni 12 tare da farawa biyar kuma yana da 31 tackles da biyu interceptions.<ref name="k796">{{Cite web |last=Paschall |first=David |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Transfer cornerback Jermod McCoy already leading for Vols |url=https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2024/aug/12/transfer-cornerback-jermod-mccoy-already-leading/ |access-date=October 19, 2024 |website=Chattanooga Times Free Press}}</ref><ref name="d566">{{Cite web |last=Ogden |first=Brandon |date=December 20, 2023 |title=Whitehouse's Jermod McCoy transfers to Tennessee; former TJC standout Kobe Savage headed to Oregon |url=https://tylerpaper.com/news/whitehouses-jermod-mccoy-transfers-to-tennessee-former-tjc-standout-kobe-savage-headed-to-oregon/article_c6e1daf2-9f81-11ee-8c13-13cb33d295fe.html |access-date=October 19, 2024 |website=TylerPaper.com}}</ref> Bayan kakar, ya shiga tashar canja wuri kuma ya koma [[Jami'ar Tennessee]].<ref name="q863">{{Cite web |last=Daschel |first=Nick |date=December 5, 2023 |title=Jermod McCoy, Oregon State’s only true freshman to play in every game in 2023, enters transfer portal |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/beavers/2023/12/jermod-mccoy-oregon-states-only-true-freshman-to-play-in-every-game-in-2023-enters-transfer-portal.html |access-date=October 19, 2024 |website=OregonLive}}</ref><ref name="z645">{{Cite web |last=Sparks |first=Adam |date=December 20, 2023 |title=Tennessee football gets Oregon State CB Jermod McCoy in transfer portal |url=https://www.knoxnews.com/story/sports/college/university-of-tennessee/football/2023/12/20/jermod-mccoy-tennessee-football-transfer-portal-oregon-state-cornerback/71969847007/ |access-date=October 19, 2024 |website=Knoxville News Sentinel}}</ref> McCoy ya zama mai farawa a shekarar farko a Tennessee a shekarar 2024. <ref name="z808">{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Cora |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Transfer Jermod McCoy already a 'playmaker' for Tennessee football |url=https://www.knoxnews.com/story/sports/college/university-of-tennessee/football/2024/08/12/jermod-mccoy-tennessee-football-secondary-cornerback-oregon-state-transfer/74761101007/ |access-date=October 19, 2024 |website=Knoxville News Sentinel}}</ref><ref name="t747">{{Cite web |last=Paschall |first=David |date=April 2, 2024 |title=Athletic McCoy developing rapidly at corner for Vols |url=https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2024/apr/02/athletic-mccoy-developing-rapidly-at-corner-for/ |access-date=October 19, 2024 |website=Chattanooga Times Free Press}}</ref> Bayan ya rasa dukkan kakar 2025 saboda tsage ACL, McCoy ya sanar da cewa zai bar shekarar karshe ta cancanta kuma ya bayyana don Draft na NFL na 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sisk |first=Caleb |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Jermod McCoy Set to Leave Tennessee Football for The NFL Draft |url=https://www.si.com/college/tennessee/football/jermod-mccoy-set-to-leave-tennessee-football-for-the-nfl-draft-01kc5cpvg8fv |access-date=December 12, 2025 |publisher=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Kididdigar kwaleji ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |GP ! colspan="5" |Takalma ! colspan="5" |Tsayarwa ! colspan="3" |Rashin hankali |- !Kawai !Ast !Cmb !TFL !Sck !Intane-tashen hankula !Yds !Avg !TD !PD !FR !FF !TD |- !2023 !Jihar Oregon |12 |16 |15 |31 |1 |0.0 |2 |17 |8.5 |0 |7 |1 |0 |0 |- !2024 !Tennessee |13 |26 |18 |44 |1 |0.0 |4 |71 |17.8 |0 |9 |0 |0 |0 |- !2025 !Tennessee |0 | colspan="13" |''Wadanda suka ji rauni'' |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/jermod-mccoy-1.html Ayyuka] !25 !42 !33 !75 !2 !0.0 !6 !88 !14.7 !0 !16 !1 !0 !0 |} == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Twitter|JermodMcCoy}} * [https://utsports.com/sports/football/roster/jermod-mccoy/20156 Bayanan masu sa kai na Tennessee] * [https://osubeavers.com/sports/football/roster/jermod-mccoy/9658 Bayanan Bayanan Bayani na Jihar Oregon] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] f4v1k2plbb50907uu1uvbqx3t6k0cq4 0 148590 827746 826786 2026-04-29T16:48:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827746 wikitext text/x-wiki -{{Databox}}   '''John Ternus'''(an haife shi a shekarar 1975 ko 1976) injiniya ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka kuma babban jami'in kasuwanci wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mataimakin shugaban injiniyan kayan aiki a [[Apple Network Server|Apple Inc]]. tun daga shekarar 2021. Ya fara aiki da Apple a shekarar 2001. Apple ta sanar a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2026 cewa Ternus zai gaji Tim Cook a matsayin Shugaba, daga ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2026. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ternus a shekara ta 1975 or 1976.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2026-04-20 |title=Apple Inc. (Form: 8-K, Received: 04/20/2026 17:30:14) |url=https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0000320193/7b513b27-d159-4d85-99f8-5bc1638cd2e7.html |access-date=2026-04-21 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.]] |quote=Mr. Ternus, 50, joined Apple in 2001 and assumed his current position in 2021.}}</ref> Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniya daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania a shekarar 1997. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Apple Leadership - John Ternus |url=https://www.apple.com/leadership/john-ternus/ |access-date=July 14, 2021 |website=Apple |language=en-US}}</ref> Yayinda yake Penn, Ternus ya yi gasa a cikin ƙungiyar yin iyo ta maza.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 3, 1994 |title=M. Swim coasts to easy win |url=https://www.thedp.com/article/1994/02/m-swim-coasts-to-easy-win |access-date=October 9, 2025 |website=[[The Daily Pennsylvanian]] |publisher=}}</ref> Don babban aikinsa, ya haɓaka hannayen ciyarwa na inji wanda mutane masu fama da quadriplegia ke aiki da shi ta amfani da motsi na kai. == Ayyuka == Ternus ya fara aikinsa a matsayin injiniyan injiniya wanda ke tsara belun kunne na gaskiya na kama-da-wane a Tsarin Bincike na Virtual. Ya shiga Apple a shekarar 2001 a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar ƙirar samfura, inda ya fara aiki a kan Apple Cinema Display. A shekarar 2013, an naɗa shi mataimakin shugaban injiniyan kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin Dan Riccio, yana kula da haɓaka layin samfuran AirPods, Mac da iPad..<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mann |first=Jyoti |date=November 17, 2025 |title=Who is John Ternus, the Apple exec tipped to take over from Tim Cook? |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-john-ternus-exec-tipped-replace-tim-cook-ceo-2024-9 |access-date=May 15, 2025 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2020, an kuma sanya shi a matsayin mai kula da kayan aikin iPhone, wanda Riccio ke kula da shi kai tsaye.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="72" href="./Tim_Cook" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook's Run as Apple CEO Could End as Early as 2025. Who Will Replace Him?<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2021-08-29/who-will-replace-tim-cook-as-the-next-ceo-of-apple-aapl-ksxiq29z&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;access-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;October</nowiki> 16, 2023<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;work<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[Bloomberg News]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;language<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;en<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mw7Q\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt29\" class=\"citation news cs1\" data-x-id=\"CITEREFGurman2021\" id=\"mw7g\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"97\" href=\"./Mark_Gurman_(journalist)\" id=\"mw7w\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Mark Gurman (journalist)\">Gurman, Mark</a></nowiki> (August 29, 2021). <nowiki><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2021-08-29/who-will-replace-tim-cook-as-the-next-ceo-of-apple-aapl-ksxiq29z\" id=\"mw8A\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Tim Cook's Run as Apple CEO Could End as Early as 2025. Who Will Replace Him?\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mw8Q\"><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"98\" href=\"./Bloomberg_News\" id=\"mw8g\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Bloomberg News\">Bloomberg News</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki><nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mw8w\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mw9A\">October 16,</span></nowiki> 2023<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./John_Ternus#cite_note-:2-9 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> An ci gaba da shi zuwa babban mataimakin shugaban injiniyan kayan aiki a 2021, ya maye gurbin Riccio, <ref name=":1" /> kuma an sanya shi a matsayin mai kula da kayan aikin Apple Watch a ƙarshen 2022. Bloomberg News ta ruwaito cewa Ternus shine "mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin ƙungiyar zartarwa ta Apple", kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ƙwarewa da ƙaunatacce". <ref name=":1" /> Kafofin yada labarai sun ruwaito shi a ko'ina don ya zama mai maye gurbin Tim Cook a matsayin shugaban zartarwa na gaba na kamfanin. <ref name=":3"/><ref name="macr_charlton">{{Cite web |last=Charlton |first=Hartley |date=October 6, 2025 |title=Gurman: Major Apple Leadership Shakeup Impending With John Ternus as Next CEO |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2025/10/06/apple-leadership-shakeup-impending/ |access-date=October 9, 2025 |website=[[MacRumors]]}}</ref> Ternus ya gabatar da sabbin kayan aiki a wasu tarurrukan WWDC, inda ya bayyana sabbin abubuwan da suka shafi iMac da MacBook Pro, iPad Pros na 2018, iMac Pro da kuma sabon tsarin Mac Pro na 2019. Daga baya ya bayyana a matsayin mai gabatarwa na yau da kullun a tarurrukan Apple..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple Events - October 2021 |url=https://www.apple.com/apple-events/october-2021/ |access-date=November 11, 2021 |website=Apple |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WWDC22 Keynote |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/wwdc22-keynote/id275834665?i=1000565413850 |access-date=April 21, 2025 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-US |archive-date=November 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128202513/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/wwdc22-keynote/id275834665?i=1000565413850 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple Event — May 7 |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/apple-event-may-7/id275834665?i=1000654821230 |access-date=April 21, 2025 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-US |archive-date=November 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128202513/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/apple-event-may-7/id275834665?i=1000654821230 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2026, Apple ta sanar da cewa Ternus zai maye gurbin Tim Cook a matsayin shugaban kamfanin a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2026.. <ref name="cnbc">{{Cite web |last=Vanian |first=Jonathan |last2=Elias |first2=Jennifer |date=2026-04-20 |title=Apple names John Ternus as CEO to replace Tim Cook, who will become chairman |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/20/apple-names-john-ternus-ceo-replacing-tim-cook-who-becomes-chairman.html |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=[[CNBC]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="apple1">{{Cite web |title=Tim Cook to become Apple Executive Chairman John Ternus to become Apple CEO |url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2026/04/tim-cook-to-become-apple-executive-chairman-john-ternus-to-become-apple-ceo/ |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=Apple Newsroom |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin kayayyakin Apple == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] rmifjga303whf28eqraeluqilqg4pvc 0 148695 827830 827520 2026-04-29T20:25:41Z Mahuta 11340 827830 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Chelsea Football Club, Stamford Bridge (Ank kumar) 08.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Chelsea FC Women v Arsenal WFC, 29 February 2020 (02).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Chelsea Football Club, Stamford Bridge (Ank kumar) 25.jpg|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''Chelsea Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Ingila wacce ke da tushe a birnin London. Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya kuma tana taka leda a gasar Premier League. <!-- Manazarcin sakin layi: Wannan sakin layi yana gabatar da Chelsea FC a matsayin babban kulob na duniya tare da bayyana wurinta da gasar da take bugawa. --> == Tarihi == Chelsea FC an kafa ta a shekara ta 1905 a yankin Fulham, London. Tun farkon kafuwarta, kulob ɗin ya fara samun suna saboda salon wasansa mai ƙayatarwa da kuma goyon bayan magoya baya masu yawa. A shekarun baya-bayan nan, kulob ɗin ya samu babban cigaba musamman bayan zuwan masu saka jari daga ƙasashen waje. <!-- Manazarcin sakin layi: Wannan ɓangaren yana bayyana kafuwar Chelsea da yadda ta haɓaka daga ƙaramin kulob zuwa babban ƙungiya mai tasiri a Turai. --> == Filin Wasa == Chelsea tana buga wasanta a filin wasa na Stamford Bridge wanda ke London. Filin wasan yana ɗaukar dubban magoya baya kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin filayen wasa a Ingila. A nan ne kulob ɗin ke gudanar da dukkanin wasanninta na gida. <!-- Manazarcin sakin layi: Wannan sakin layi yana mayar da hankali kan filin wasa na Chelsea da muhimmancinsa a matsayin cibiyar wasannin gida. --> == Nasarori == Chelsea ta lashe manyan kofuna da dama ciki har da Premier League, FA Cup, da [[UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions]] League. Daga cikin manyan lokutan nasararta akwai lashe Champions League a shekarar 2012 da kuma 2021. Wannan ya sa Chelsea ta shiga jerin manyan kulob na Turai. <!-- Manazarcin sakin layi: Wannan ɓangaren yana nuna manyan nasarorin kulob ɗin musamman a matakin Turai da cikin gida. --> == Manyan 'Yan Wasa == Kulob ɗin ya samar da ko ya ɗauki manyan 'yan wasa kamar Frank Lampard, [[Didier Drogba]], John Terry da Eden Hazard. Wadannan 'yan wasa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen nasarorin kulob ɗin. <!-- Manazarcin sakin layi: Wannan sakin layi yana nuna gudunmawar fitattun 'yan wasa wajen gina tarihin Chelsea. --> == Kishi (Rivalries) == Chelsea na da gasa mai zafi da wasu kulob kamar Arsenal, [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] da Manchester United. Wasannin da suke yi da waɗannan ƙungiyoyi kan kasance masu jan hankali sosai a duniya. <!-- Manazarcin sakin layi: Wannan ɓangaren yana bayyana manyan abokan hamayyar Chelsea da muhimmancin wasannin derby. --> == Kammalawa == Chelsea FC na daga cikin manyan kulob na ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya tare da tarihi mai cike da nasarori da ci gaba. Tana ci gaba da kasancewa ƙarfi a gasar Ingila da Turai. <!-- Manazarcin sakin layi: Wannan sakin layi yana taƙaita darajar Chelsea a matsayin babban kulob mai tasiri a duniya. --> kuqzpk9imvw5nghngq8tsbron1aqr7a 0 148696 827829 827521 2026-04-29T20:24:54Z Mahuta 11340 827829 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Eden Hazard at Baku before 2019 UEFA Europe League Final.jpg|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''Eden Hazard''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Belgium wanda ya shahara a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan gaba na zamani. Ya taka leda a manyan kungiyoyi irin su Lille, Chelsea da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]], sannan ya wakilci ƙasar Belgium a gasar duniya da ta Turai. [[Eden Hazard]] an fi saninsa da kwarewar dribbling, saurin kai hari da kuma ƙirƙirar damar zura ƙwallo.<ref>Eden Hazard profile – general football records</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Eden Hazard ya girma a cikin iyali mai sha’awar kwallon kafa a Belgium. Mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa sun kasance ‘yan wasan kwallon kafa, wanda hakan ya taimaka masa fara wasan tun yana ƙarami. Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyoyin matasa kafin ya shiga tsarin horar da ƙwararru na Lille a Faransa.<ref>Biography sources on Belgian football development</ref> == Fara wasan ƙwararru (Lille) == Hazard ya fara wasan ƙwararru da kungiyar Lille a shekarar 2007. A nan ya fara bayyana basirarsa sosai, inda ya taimaka wa kungiyar ta lashe Ligue 1 da Coupe de France a kakar 2010–2011. A lokacin ne ya fara jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin Turai.<ref>Ligue 1 historical records on Lille achievements</ref> == Chelsea == A shekarar 2012, Hazard ya koma Chelsea FC a Ingila. A nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasan Premier League. Ya taimaka wa Chelsea lashe kofuna da dama ciki har da Premier League, FA Cup da [[Europa League]]. A Chelsea, Hazard ya lashe kyautar PFA Player of the Year kuma ya zama tauraron kungiyar.<ref>Premier League archives on Eden Hazard Chelsea career</ref> == Real Madrid == A shekarar 2019, Hazard ya koma Real Madrid a Spain. Duk da raunin da ya samu sau da yawa, ya samu damar lashe La Liga da UEFA Champions League tare da kungiyar. Duk da haka, raunin ya rage masa tasiri sosai a filin wasa.<ref>Real Madrid official records and UEFA competition history</ref> == Tawagar ƙasar Belgium == Hazard ya wakilci Belgium a manyan gasa kamar FIFA World Cup da UEFA European Championship. Ya jagoranci Belgium zuwa matsayi na uku a gasar World Cup ta 2018, wanda shi ne mafi kyawun sakamakon da ƙasar ta samu a tarihi.<ref>FIFA World Cup 2018 official statistics</ref> == Salon wasa == Hazard yana da salon wasa mai dogaro da saurin gudu, fasaha wajen dribbling da iya tsallake ‘yan wasan baya. Ana yawan kwatanta shi da manyan ‘yan wasa saboda kwarewar sa wajen kirkirar damar zura kwallo da taimakawa abokan wasa.<ref>Football analysis reports on Eden Hazard playing style</ref> == Nasarori == * Premier League Champion (Chelsea) * Ligue 1 Champion (Lille) * La Liga Champion (Real Madrid) * UEFA Europa League Winner * FIFA World Cup Third Place (Belgium 2018) == Manazarta == {{reflist}} ktkqjlbdba37ccz3h3x4b908l2s1j6o 0 148697 827828 827524 2026-04-29T20:24:11Z Mahuta 11340 827828 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:20161011 U21 AUT GER 9328.jpg|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''Nadiem Amiri''' shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. An haife shi a ranar 27 Oktoba 1996 a Ludwigshafen, Jamus. Yana daga cikin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa masu fasaha da ke iya sarrafa kwallo da kirkirar damammaki a fili. <ref name="intro"/> == Rayuwar Farko == Nadiem Amiri ya girma a Jamus cikin iyali mai tushen Afganistan. Tun yana ƙarami ya fara nuna sha'awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, inda ya shiga makarantar koyon ƙwallon ƙafa ta Hoffenheim. A nan ne ya gina ƙwarewarsa har ya kai matakin ƙwararren ɗan wasa. <ref name="earlylife"/> == Aikin Kulob == Amiri ya fara bugawa kulob ɗin Hoffenheim wasa a matakin manya a shekarar 2015. Ya yi fice sosai saboda ƙwarewarsa wajen sarrafa tsakiya da taimakawa kai hari. Daga baya a 2019, ya koma Bayer 04 Leverkusen inda ya ci gaba da taka rawar gani a Bundesliga. <ref name="clubcareer"/> A Leverkusen, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin muhimman 'yan wasa da ke taimakawa wajen kai farmaki da kuma ƙirƙirar kwallaye. Ya kuma yi amfani da fasaharsa wajen taimakawa kulob ɗin a gasannin cikin gida da na Turai. <ref name="leverkusen"/> == Aikin Ƙasa == Amiri ya wakilci ƙasar Jamus a matakan matasa daban-daban kafin ya shiga tawagar manyan 'yan wasa. Ya buga wasa a gasar Euro da kuma wasu wasannin sada zumunci na ƙasa. Kwarewarsa ta sa aka riƙa kiransa cikin tawagar Jamus akai-akai. <ref name="nationalteam"/> == Salon Wasa == Nadiem Amiri ɗan wasa ne mai ƙwarewa wajen wucewa (passing), sarrafa kwallo, da kuma yin ƙirƙira a tsakiyar fili. Yana iya taka rawa a matsayin attacking midfielder ko central midfielder. <ref name="style"/> == Manazarta == <references> <ref name="intro">Bayanin rayuwa da taƙaitaccen tarihin ɗan wasa</ref> <ref name="earlylife">Tarihin farkon rayuwa da horo a Hoffenheim</ref> <ref name="clubcareer">Aikin kulob da ci gaban Hoffenheim zuwa Leverkusen</ref> <ref name="leverkusen">Rawar da ya taka a Bayer Leverkusen</ref> <ref name="nationalteam">Wakilcin ƙasar Jamus a wasannin ƙasa</ref> <ref name="style">Binciken salon wasa da fasaha</ref> </references> h4p9hdjo3jhpk0ff8gt28jfmsa7xmnv 0 148698 827831 827556 2026-04-29T20:26:29Z Mahuta 11340 827831 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Robin Gosens 01.jpg|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''Robin Everardus Gosens''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1994) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[Jamus]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gefe ko mai taka leda a bangaren hagu. An san shi da ƙwarewar kai hari da kuma taimakawa wajen tsaro a lokaci guda.<ref>Wikipedia: Robin Gosens biography</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Robin Gosens a Emmerich am Rhein, a Jamus. Ya taso cikin iyali mai asalin Jamus da Netherlands, wanda ya ba shi damar samun bambancin al’adu a rayuwarsa. Tun yana ƙarami ya fara sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ya shiga ƙungiyoyin matasa kafin ya fara sana’ar ƙwararru.<ref>Football career development records</ref> == Fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa == Gosens bai fara fitowa a manyan kulob-kulob na Jamus kai tsaye ba. Ya fara ne a ƙananan kulob kafin daga baya ya koma Netherlands inda ya taka leda a kulob ɗin Vitesse. Wannan mataki ya taimaka masa wajen gina kwarewa da fahimtar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Turai.<ref>Club career history sources</ref> == Aikin kulob == Bayan zaman sa a Netherlands, Gosens ya koma Italiya inda ya taka leda a Atalanta BC. A nan ne ya yi fice sosai, musamman a gasar Serie A da UEFA Champions League. Daga baya ya koma Inter Milan sannan ya koma Union Berlin a Jamus, inda yake ci gaba da taka leda.<ref>Serie A and Bundesliga records</ref> == Salon wasa == Robin Gosens ya shahara da gudu, ƙarfin jiki da kuma iya kai hari daga gefe. Yana taka rawar wing-back wanda ke haɗa aikin tsaro da kai hari. Haka kuma yana da ƙwarewar zura kwallaye da taimakawa wajen cin ƙwallo.<ref>Tactical analysis reports</ref> == Ayyuka a tawagar ƙasa == Gosens yana buga wa tawagar ƙasar Jamus wasa. Ya fara samun damar shiga tawagar manya bayan ya yi fice a Italiya. Ya kuma wakilci Jamus a manyan gasa na duniya.<ref>Germany national team records</ref> == Kammalawa == Robin Gosens ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan gefe a Turai saboda salon wasansa mai ƙarfi da kuma gudummawarsa a bangaren kai hari da tsaro. == Manazarta == <references /> ljt4ilhcv6cnszcczslwcoxyyg9ec3f 0 148716 827749 2026-04-29T17:08:04Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338386680|Bill Wilson (convict)]]" 827749 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu Bill Wilson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1880) manomi ne na Amurka a Blount County, Alabama wanda aka yanke masa hukunci ba bisa ka'ida ba game da kashe matarsa da ƙarami, dukansu biyu daga baya aka same su da rai. == Tarihi == Bill Wilson, manomi a Blount County, Alabama, ya auri Jenny Wade a cikin 1900. An haifi ɗansu na uku a shekara ta 1907. Jenny ta bar Wilson watanni 19 bayan haka tare da ɗansu na uku don komawa ga iyalinta. Wilson ya zaɓi ya koma tare da mahaifinsa tare da manyan yara biyu tare da shi. A lokacin kisan aure, Wade da yaro na uku sun ɓace. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin a ga Jenny na ƙarshe, Jane McClendon, 'yar manomi ta yankin, ita ma ta ɓace. Makonni da yawa jita-jita sun bazu cewa mummunan wasa yana da hannu a cikin ɓacewar duka biyu.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> A ƙarshen 1912, Dolphus Tidwell da ɗansa suna kamun kifi a Kogin Black Warrior kusa da dukiyar mahaifin Wilson lokacin da suka lura da ƙashi yana fitowa daga ƙasa. Tidwells sun sami mat a ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ya fallasa abin da suka yi imanin cewa gawarwakin wani babba ne da yaro. Da yake tunanin cewa akwai yiwuwar wani kabari na 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke kusa, sun bincika yankin don kayan tarihi amma ba su sami komai ba. Sun sake binne ƙasusuwa kuma suka koma gida. Labarin binciken ya bazu, kuma na kwanaki da yawa mazauna yankin sun bincika kayan tarihi na 'yan asalin Amurka har sai sun rasa sha'awa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Lokacin da ba a sami kayan tarihi ba wani ma'aikacin gona mai suna Jim House ya fara hasashen cewa ragowar ba ta 'yan asalin ba ne amma maƙwabcinsa Jenny Wilson da ɗanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Wilson - National Registry of Exonerations Pre 1989 |url=https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetailpre1989.aspx?caseid=365 |website=www.law.umich.edu}}</ref> Ya ba da labarin yadda ya ga Jenny ta ziyarci gidan surukinta tana ɗauke da kwando a 1908 kuma washegari ya lura da sawun da ke kaiwa ga kogi. Bayan bin waƙoƙin, ya sami tufafin yara da jini a kan dutse. Ba da daɗewa ba labarin ya bazu har sai bayanan ya koma ga mai gabatar da kara na gundumar James Embry. Embry ya kira babban juri kuma ya zargi Bill Wilson da kisan matarsa da ɗansa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> == Shari'a == James Embry ya gurfanar da karar a gaban Alkalin J. E. Blackwood . A cikin maganganunsa na buɗewa, ya ce Jenny Wilson ta tafi gidan surukinta don ziyartar 'ya'yanta biyu a ƙarshen Nuwamba ko farkon Disamba 1908. Jenny da Bill Wilson sun yi jayayya, wanda ya haifar da Wilson ya kashe matarsa da ɗansa. Wilson ya ɗauki gawarwakin zuwa dutsen kuma ya ƙone su don lalata shaidar laifinsa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar masu gabatar da kara === Dolphus Tidwell ya shaida cewa ya sami ƙasusuwan da aka sanya a cikin shaida. Wadannan ƙasusuwa an yi hasashen su ne gawar Jenny Wilson da jaririnta mai watanni 19. Dokta Marvin Denton ya ba da shaida ga jihar game da binciken da ya samu daga binciken ƙasusuwa. Kodayake ya yarda cewa ƙasusuwan na babba ne da yaro, ya lura cewa yaron yana da hakora na dindindin. Hanci na dindindin yawanci ba ya bayyana har sai kusan shekaru shida. Ya kuma shaida cewa bai taba ganin hakora na dindindin a cikin yaro a ƙarƙashin shekaru huɗu ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Jim House ya sake maimaita labarinsa game da ziyarar Jenny zuwa gonar Wilson, ya kara da cewa ya damu da tsaronta kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana ta tafiya. Lokacin da ya sadu da Wilson washegari, House ya tambaye shi game da matarsa kuma ya bayyana cewa Wilson ya musanta cewa ta ziyarci gonar. Bayan wannan gamuwa ne House ya sami sawun sawun kuma ya bi su zuwa wurin da ya sami jini a kan dutse.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Wani mai laifi wanda ke da tantanin halitta a kusa da Wilson, Mack Holcomb, ya shaida cewa ya ji Wilson ya gaya wa 'yarsa ta fari Ruthie, "Idan ka faɗi wani abu, zan kula da ka lokacin da na fita. " Ruthie mai shekaru bakwai an yi masa tambayoyi game da wannan sanarwa kuma ya bayyana cewa mahaifinta ya ce idan ba yarinya ce ba ce, zai hukunta ta lokacin da ya fita daga kurkuku. <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Yawancin mazauna yankin sun ba da labarin tattaunawa da Wilson inda ya nuna ƙiyayya ga Jenny ko kuma ya yi tsokaci yana nuna cewa ba za ta dawo ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar karewa === Lizzie McClendon, mahaifiyar Jane McClendon، wacce ta ɓace jim kadan kafin Jenny, ta gaya wa juri cewa House ya ziyarce ta bayan 'yarta ta ɓace kuma ta ce zai ba da shaida cewa ya ga Wilsons sun kashe 'yarta idan ta yi rantsuwa da takardar shaidar kama su. A karkashin jarrabawar, House ya musanta da'awar amma ya yarda da rashin jin daɗi tsakanin kansa da Bill Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Shaidu shida, ciki har da 'yar'uwar Jenny, sun rantse cewa sun ga Jenny a lokuta daban-daban a cikin 1909 kuma tana zaune tare da wani mutum mai suna John Wilson, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da Bill Wilson. Misis Benton Cornelius ta shaida cewa Jenny ta gaya mata a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1908 cewa ta yi niyyar ƙaura zuwa [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] bayan rabuwa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Ɗan'uwan Wilson John, 'yar'uwarsa Frances, 'yarsa Ruthie, da John Rice, waɗanda suka yi aiki ga Wilson, duk sun musanta cewa Jenny ta ziyarci gidan Wilson a kowane lokaci bayan rabuwa. An ba da shaida cewa ragowar kwarangwal na mata ba ta da aikin hakora duk da cewa Jenny tana da cikawa a cikin hakora biyu na gaba. Dokta J. F. Hancock ya ce ya yi imanin cewa ƙasusuwan sun kasance aƙalla shekaru goma, cewa ragowar kwarangwal na tsofaffi ne, kuma cewa hakoran dindindin na yaron sun cire wannan kwarangwal daga kasancewa na jariri mai watanni 19.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Hukunci === A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1915, juriya ta sami Bill Wilson da laifi kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa a matakin farko. An yanke masa hukunci ɗaurin rai da rai, ya yi aiki a gidan yarin Jihar Wetumpka na Alabama. An soke roƙo, kuma an ki amincewa da korafe-korafe da yawa don gafartawa. == Gafartawa == A cikin 1916, Dokta Aleš Hrdlička, mai kula da ilimin ɗan adam na halitta a Cibiyar Smithsonian, ya bayyana ƙasusuwan su zama ɓangarorin akalla mutane huɗu ko biyar. Ragowar sun tsufa sosai, kuma babu wani abu da zai nuna cewa ba asalin asalin su ba ne. Alkalin shari'ar, J. E. Blackwood, ya yi imanin cewa Wilson ba shi da laifi, ya matsa wa gwamna da Babban Lauyan ba tare da nasara ba don sauya hukuncin. A wannan lokacin, jama'a sun yarda da rashin laifi na Wilson, amma mai gabatar da kara James Embry ya hana duk yunkurin samun gafara.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin 1918, tsohon lauyan daukaka kara na Wilson ya sami Jenny Wilson da 'yarta, yanzu tana da shekaru 11, suna zaune a Vincennes, Indiana tare da mijinta na biyu. Ta koma Blount County a ranar 8 ga Yuli kuma ta sanya hannu kan takardar shaidar da ke ba da cikakken labarin motsin zuciyarta daga lokacin da ta ɓace har sai an same ta. A wannan rana gwamnan ya ba da cikakken gafara, kuma an saki Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> == Sakamakon haka == A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1919, Majalisar Dokokin Alabama ta kafa [[Dokar|doka]] don nada kwamiti don tantance adadin diyya da Wilson zai samu a hukumance. Zai kasance "har zuwa adadin $ 3,500" kuma daidai da $ 65,000 , "don ayyukan da aka bayar jihar yayin da take kurkuku, " maimakon diyya don ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau.[5][to] An ba da lambar yabo don matsakaicin adadin $ 3,500 ga Mai kula da jama'a na jihar, alƙalin Kotun shaida na Blount County. Alkalin kotun shaida daga baya ya tsere daga jihar tare da kuɗin. Wilson ya kai karar mai ba da garantin alƙalin don dawo da diyya saboda wani mataki wanda ya kashe shi $ 700 a cikin kudaden shari'a ($ 13,000 a cikin 2025). [5] Ba a san yawan abin da ya samu ba, amma an yi imanin ya kasance kusan $ 2,500 ($ 46,400 a cikin 2025). <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref>[5] Wilson ya yi amfani da kuɗin don sayen ƙaramin gona amma ya shiga cikin bashi kuma ya rasa shi. Rubuce-rubucen karshe na Wilson ya nuna cewa yana aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin rana yana tono kwal a cikin ma'adinin Alabama.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin hukunce-hukuncen da ba daidai ba a Amurka * Wilson v. Jihar, 191 Ala, 7, 67 So. 1010 (1915). * Bill of Exceptions, Kotun da'ira ta Oneonta County, Alabama. * Ayyukan Janar na Alabama, 1919, shafi na 79.&nbsp; * Rahoton Hukumar Gafartawa ta Alabama, Oktoba 1, 1917, shafi na 126.&nbsp; == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jhe673n1ugllb7blb093crwpm9wklt6 827750 827749 2026-04-29T17:08:56Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 827750 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bill Wilson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1880) manomi ne na Amurka a Blount County, Alabama wanda aka yanke masa hukunci ba bisa ka'ida ba game da kashe matarsa da ƙarami, dukansu biyu daga baya aka same su da rai. == Tarihi == Bill Wilson, manomi a Blount County, Alabama, ya auri Jenny Wade a cikin 1900. An haifi ɗansu na uku a shekara ta 1907. Jenny ta bar Wilson watanni 19 bayan haka tare da ɗansu na uku don komawa ga iyalinta. Wilson ya zaɓi ya koma tare da mahaifinsa tare da manyan yara biyu tare da shi. A lokacin kisan aure, Wade da yaro na uku sun ɓace. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin a ga Jenny na ƙarshe, Jane McClendon, 'yar manomi ta yankin, ita ma ta ɓace. Makonni da yawa jita-jita sun bazu cewa mummunan wasa yana da hannu a cikin ɓacewar duka biyu.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> A ƙarshen 1912, Dolphus Tidwell da ɗansa suna kamun kifi a Kogin Black Warrior kusa da dukiyar mahaifin Wilson lokacin da suka lura da ƙashi yana fitowa daga ƙasa. Tidwells sun sami mat a ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ya fallasa abin da suka yi imanin cewa gawarwakin wani babba ne da yaro. Da yake tunanin cewa akwai yiwuwar wani kabari na 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke kusa, sun bincika yankin don kayan tarihi amma ba su sami komai ba. Sun sake binne ƙasusuwa kuma suka koma gida. Labarin binciken ya bazu, kuma na kwanaki da yawa mazauna yankin sun bincika kayan tarihi na 'yan asalin Amurka har sai sun rasa sha'awa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Lokacin da ba a sami kayan tarihi ba wani ma'aikacin gona mai suna Jim House ya fara hasashen cewa ragowar ba ta 'yan asalin ba ne amma maƙwabcinsa Jenny Wilson da ɗanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Wilson - National Registry of Exonerations Pre 1989 |url=https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetailpre1989.aspx?caseid=365 |website=www.law.umich.edu}}</ref> Ya ba da labarin yadda ya ga Jenny ta ziyarci gidan surukinta tana ɗauke da kwando a 1908 kuma washegari ya lura da sawun da ke kaiwa ga kogi. Bayan bin waƙoƙin, ya sami tufafin yara da jini a kan dutse. Ba da daɗewa ba labarin ya bazu har sai bayanan ya koma ga mai gabatar da kara na gundumar James Embry. Embry ya kira babban juri kuma ya zargi Bill Wilson da kisan matarsa da ɗansa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> == Shari'a == James Embry ya gurfanar da karar a gaban Alkalin J. E. Blackwood . A cikin maganganunsa na buɗewa, ya ce Jenny Wilson ta tafi gidan surukinta don ziyartar 'ya'yanta biyu a ƙarshen Nuwamba ko farkon Disamba 1908. Jenny da Bill Wilson sun yi jayayya, wanda ya haifar da Wilson ya kashe matarsa da ɗansa. Wilson ya ɗauki gawarwakin zuwa dutsen kuma ya ƙone su don lalata shaidar laifinsa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar masu gabatar da kara === Dolphus Tidwell ya shaida cewa ya sami ƙasusuwan da aka sanya a cikin shaida. Wadannan ƙasusuwa an yi hasashen su ne gawar Jenny Wilson da jaririnta mai watanni 19. Dokta Marvin Denton ya ba da shaida ga jihar game da binciken da ya samu daga binciken ƙasusuwa. Kodayake ya yarda cewa ƙasusuwan na babba ne da yaro, ya lura cewa yaron yana da hakora na dindindin. Hanci na dindindin yawanci ba ya bayyana har sai kusan shekaru shida. Ya kuma shaida cewa bai taba ganin hakora na dindindin a cikin yaro a ƙarƙashin shekaru huɗu ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Jim House ya sake maimaita labarinsa game da ziyarar Jenny zuwa gonar Wilson, ya kara da cewa ya damu da tsaronta kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana ta tafiya. Lokacin da ya sadu da Wilson washegari, House ya tambaye shi game da matarsa kuma ya bayyana cewa Wilson ya musanta cewa ta ziyarci gonar. Bayan wannan gamuwa ne House ya sami sawun sawun kuma ya bi su zuwa wurin da ya sami jini a kan dutse.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Wani mai laifi wanda ke da tantanin halitta a kusa da Wilson, Mack Holcomb, ya shaida cewa ya ji Wilson ya gaya wa 'yarsa ta fari Ruthie, "Idan ka faɗi wani abu, zan kula da ka lokacin da na fita. " Ruthie mai shekaru bakwai an yi masa tambayoyi game da wannan sanarwa kuma ya bayyana cewa mahaifinta ya ce idan ba yarinya ce ba ce, zai hukunta ta lokacin da ya fita daga kurkuku. <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Yawancin mazauna yankin sun ba da labarin tattaunawa da Wilson inda ya nuna ƙiyayya ga Jenny ko kuma ya yi tsokaci yana nuna cewa ba za ta dawo ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar karewa === Lizzie McClendon, mahaifiyar Jane McClendon، wacce ta ɓace jim kadan kafin Jenny, ta gaya wa juri cewa House ya ziyarce ta bayan 'yarta ta ɓace kuma ta ce zai ba da shaida cewa ya ga Wilsons sun kashe 'yarta idan ta yi rantsuwa da takardar shaidar kama su. A karkashin jarrabawar, House ya musanta da'awar amma ya yarda da rashin jin daɗi tsakanin kansa da Bill Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Shaidu shida, ciki har da 'yar'uwar Jenny, sun rantse cewa sun ga Jenny a lokuta daban-daban a cikin 1909 kuma tana zaune tare da wani mutum mai suna John Wilson, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da Bill Wilson. Misis Benton Cornelius ta shaida cewa Jenny ta gaya mata a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1908 cewa ta yi niyyar ƙaura zuwa [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] bayan rabuwa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Ɗan'uwan Wilson John, 'yar'uwarsa Frances, 'yarsa Ruthie, da John Rice, waɗanda suka yi aiki ga Wilson, duk sun musanta cewa Jenny ta ziyarci gidan Wilson a kowane lokaci bayan rabuwa. An ba da shaida cewa ragowar kwarangwal na mata ba ta da aikin hakora duk da cewa Jenny tana da cikawa a cikin hakora biyu na gaba. Dokta J. F. Hancock ya ce ya yi imanin cewa ƙasusuwan sun kasance aƙalla shekaru goma, cewa ragowar kwarangwal na tsofaffi ne, kuma cewa hakoran dindindin na yaron sun cire wannan kwarangwal daga kasancewa na jariri mai watanni 19.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Hukunci === A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1915, juriya ta sami Bill Wilson da laifi kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa a matakin farko. An yanke masa hukunci ɗaurin rai da rai, ya yi aiki a gidan yarin Jihar Wetumpka na Alabama. An soke roƙo, kuma an ki amincewa da korafe-korafe da yawa don gafartawa. == Gafartawa == A cikin 1916, Dokta Aleš Hrdlička, mai kula da ilimin ɗan adam na halitta a Cibiyar Smithsonian, ya bayyana ƙasusuwan su zama ɓangarorin akalla mutane huɗu ko biyar. Ragowar sun tsufa sosai, kuma babu wani abu da zai nuna cewa ba asalin asalin su ba ne. Alkalin shari'ar, J. E. Blackwood, ya yi imanin cewa Wilson ba shi da laifi, ya matsa wa gwamna da Babban Lauyan ba tare da nasara ba don sauya hukuncin. A wannan lokacin, jama'a sun yarda da rashin laifi na Wilson, amma mai gabatar da kara James Embry ya hana duk yunkurin samun gafara.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin 1918, tsohon lauyan daukaka kara na Wilson ya sami Jenny Wilson da 'yarta, yanzu tana da shekaru 11, suna zaune a Vincennes, Indiana tare da mijinta na biyu. Ta koma Blount County a ranar 8 ga Yuli kuma ta sanya hannu kan takardar shaidar da ke ba da cikakken labarin motsin zuciyarta daga lokacin da ta ɓace har sai an same ta. A wannan rana gwamnan ya ba da cikakken gafara, kuma an saki Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> == Sakamakon haka == A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1919, Majalisar Dokokin Alabama ta kafa [[Dokar|doka]] don nada kwamiti don tantance adadin diyya da Wilson zai samu a hukumance. Zai kasance "har zuwa adadin $ 3,500" kuma daidai da $ 65,000 , "don ayyukan da aka bayar jihar yayin da take kurkuku, " maimakon diyya don ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau.[5][to] An ba da lambar yabo don matsakaicin adadin $ 3,500 ga Mai kula da jama'a na jihar, alƙalin Kotun shaida na Blount County. Alkalin kotun shaida daga baya ya tsere daga jihar tare da kuɗin. Wilson ya kai karar mai ba da garantin alƙalin don dawo da diyya saboda wani mataki wanda ya kashe shi $ 700 a cikin kudaden shari'a ($ 13,000 a cikin 2025). [5] Ba a san yawan abin da ya samu ba, amma an yi imanin ya kasance kusan $ 2,500 ($ 46,400 a cikin 2025). <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref>[5] Wilson ya yi amfani da kuɗin don sayen ƙaramin gona amma ya shiga cikin bashi kuma ya rasa shi. Rubuce-rubucen karshe na Wilson ya nuna cewa yana aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin rana yana tono kwal a cikin ma'adinin Alabama.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin hukunce-hukuncen da ba daidai ba a Amurka * Wilson v. Jihar, 191 Ala, 7, 67 So. 1010 (1915). * Bill of Exceptions, Kotun da'ira ta Oneonta County, Alabama. * Ayyukan Janar na Alabama, 1919, shafi na 79.&nbsp; * Rahoton Hukumar Gafartawa ta Alabama, Oktoba 1, 1917, shafi na 126.&nbsp; == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ruwx31wrfpbncteys0a5ujrlym289h3 827752 827750 2026-04-29T17:10:34Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 827752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bill Wilson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1880) manomi ne na Amurka a Blount County, Alabama wanda aka yanke masa hukunci ba bisa ka'ida ba game da kashe matarsa da ƙarami, dukansu biyu daga baya aka same su da rai. == Tarihi == Bill Wilson, manomi a Blount County, Alabama, ya auri Jenny Wade a cikin 1900. An haifi ɗansu na uku a shekara ta 1907. Jenny ta bar Wilson watanni 19 bayan haka tare da ɗansu na uku don komawa ga iyalinta. Wilson ya zaɓi ya koma tare da mahaifinsa tare da manyan yara biyu tare da shi. A lokacin kisan aure, Wade da yaro na uku sun ɓace. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin a ga Jenny na ƙarshe, Jane McClendon, 'yar manomi ta yankin, ita ma ta ɓace. Makonni da yawa jita-jita sun bazu cewa mummunan wasa yana da hannu a cikin ɓacewar duka biyu.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> A ƙarshen 1912, Dolphus Tidwell da ɗansa suna kamun kifi a Kogin Black Warrior kusa da dukiyar mahaifin Wilson lokacin da suka lura da ƙashi yana fitowa daga ƙasa. Tidwells sun sami mat a ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ya fallasa abin da suka yi imanin cewa gawarwakin wani babba ne da yaro. Da yake tunanin cewa akwai yiwuwar wani kabari na 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke kusa, sun bincika yankin don kayan tarihi amma ba su sami komai ba. Sun sake binne ƙasusuwa kuma suka koma gida. Labarin binciken ya bazu, kuma na kwanaki da yawa mazauna yankin sun bincika kayan tarihi na 'yan asalin Amurka har sai sun rasa sha'awa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Lokacin da ba a sami kayan tarihi ba wani ma'aikacin gona mai suna Jim House ya fara hasashen cewa ragowar ba ta 'yan asalin ba ne amma maƙwabcinsa Jenny Wilson da ɗanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Wilson - National Registry of Exonerations Pre 1989 |url=https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetailpre1989.aspx?caseid=365 |website=www.law.umich.edu}}</ref> Ya ba da labarin yadda ya ga Jenny ta ziyarci gidan surukinta tana ɗauke da kwando a 1908 kuma washegari ya lura da sawun da ke kaiwa ga kogi. Bayan bin waƙoƙin, ya sami tufafin yara da jini a kan dutse. Ba da daɗewa ba labarin ya bazu har sai bayanan ya koma ga mai gabatar da kara na gundumar James Embry. Embry ya kira babban juri kuma ya zargi Bill Wilson da kisan matarsa da ɗansa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> == Shari'a == James Embry ya gurfanar da karar a gaban Alkalin J. E. Blackwood . A cikin maganganunsa na buɗewa, ya ce Jenny Wilson ta tafi gidan surukinta don ziyartar 'ya'yanta biyu a ƙarshen Nuwamba ko farkon Disamba 1908. Jenny da Bill Wilson sun yi jayayya, wanda ya haifar da Wilson ya kashe matarsa da ɗansa. Wilson ya ɗauki gawarwakin zuwa dutsen kuma ya ƙone su don lalata shaidar laifinsa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar masu gabatar da kara === Dolphus Tidwell ya shaida cewa ya sami ƙasusuwan da aka sanya a cikin shaida. Wadannan ƙasusuwa an yi hasashen su ne gawar Jenny Wilson da jaririnta mai watanni 19. Dokta Marvin Denton ya ba da shaida ga jihar game da binciken da ya samu daga binciken ƙasusuwa. Kodayake ya yarda cewa ƙasusuwan na babba ne da yaro, ya lura cewa yaron yana da hakora na dindindin. Hanci na dindindin yawanci ba ya bayyana har sai kusan shekaru shida. Ya kuma shaida cewa bai taba ganin hakora na dindindin a cikin yaro a ƙarƙashin shekaru huɗu ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Jim House ya sake maimaita labarinsa game da ziyarar Jenny zuwa gonar Wilson, ya kara da cewa ya damu da tsaronta kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana ta tafiya. Lokacin da ya sadu da Wilson washegari, House ya tambaye shi game da matarsa kuma ya bayyana cewa Wilson ya musanta cewa ta ziyarci gonar. Bayan wannan gamuwa ne House ya sami sawun sawun kuma ya bi su zuwa wurin da ya sami jini a kan dutse.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Wani mai laifi wanda ke da tantanin halitta a kusa da Wilson, Mack Holcomb, ya shaida cewa ya ji Wilson ya gaya wa 'yarsa ta fari Ruthie, "Idan ka faɗi wani abu, zan kula da ka lokacin da na fita. " Ruthie mai shekaru bakwai an yi masa tambayoyi game da wannan sanarwa kuma ya bayyana cewa mahaifinta ya ce idan ba yarinya ce ba ce, zai hukunta ta lokacin da ya fita daga kurkuku. <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Yawancin mazauna yankin sun ba da labarin tattaunawa da Wilson inda ya nuna ƙiyayya ga Jenny ko kuma ya yi tsokaci yana nuna cewa ba za ta dawo ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar karewa === Lizzie McClendon, mahaifiyar Jane McClendon، wacce ta ɓace jim kadan kafin Jenny, ta gaya wa juri cewa House ya ziyarce ta bayan 'yarta ta ɓace kuma ta ce zai ba da shaida cewa ya ga Wilsons sun kashe 'yarta idan ta yi rantsuwa da takardar shaidar kama su. A karkashin jarrabawar, House ya musanta da'awar amma ya yarda da rashin jin daɗi tsakanin kansa da Bill Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Shaidu shida, ciki har da 'yar'uwar Jenny, sun rantse cewa sun ga Jenny a lokuta daban-daban a cikin 1909 kuma tana zaune tare da wani mutum mai suna John Wilson, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da Bill Wilson. Misis Benton Cornelius ta shaida cewa Jenny ta gaya mata a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1908 cewa ta yi niyyar ƙaura zuwa [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] bayan rabuwa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Ɗan'uwan Wilson John, 'yar'uwarsa Frances, 'yarsa Ruthie, da John Rice, waɗanda suka yi aiki ga Wilson, duk sun musanta cewa Jenny ta ziyarci gidan Wilson a kowane lokaci bayan rabuwa. An ba da shaida cewa ragowar kwarangwal na mata ba ta da aikin hakora duk da cewa Jenny tana da cikawa a cikin hakora biyu na gaba. Dokta J. F. Hancock ya ce ya yi imanin cewa ƙasusuwan sun kasance aƙalla shekaru goma, cewa ragowar kwarangwal na tsofaffi ne, kuma cewa hakoran dindindin na yaron sun cire wannan kwarangwal daga kasancewa na jariri mai watanni 19.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Hukunci === A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1915, juriya ta sami Bill Wilson da laifi kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa a matakin farko. An yanke masa hukunci ɗaurin rai da rai, ya yi aiki a gidan yarin Jihar Wetumpka na Alabama. An soke roƙo, kuma an ki amincewa da korafe-korafe da yawa don gafartawa. == Gafartawa == A cikin 1916, Dokta Aleš Hrdlička, mai kula da ilimin ɗan adam na halitta a Cibiyar Smithsonian, ya bayyana ƙasusuwan su zama ɓangarorin akalla mutane huɗu ko biyar. Ragowar sun tsufa sosai, kuma babu wani abu da zai nuna cewa ba asalin asalin su ba ne. Alkalin shari'ar, J. E. Blackwood, ya yi imanin cewa Wilson ba shi da laifi, ya matsa wa gwamna da Babban Lauyan ba tare da nasara ba don sauya hukuncin. A wannan lokacin, jama'a sun yarda da rashin laifi na Wilson, amma mai gabatar da kara James Embry ya hana duk yunkurin samun gafara.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin 1918, tsohon lauyan daukaka kara na Wilson ya sami Jenny Wilson da 'yarta, yanzu tana da shekaru 11, suna zaune a Vincennes, Indiana tare da mijinta na biyu. Ta koma Blount County a ranar 8 ga Yuli kuma ta sanya hannu kan takardar shaidar da ke ba da cikakken labarin motsin zuciyarta daga lokacin da ta ɓace har sai an same ta. A wannan rana gwamnan ya ba da cikakken gafara, kuma an saki Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> == Sakamakon haka == A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1919, Majalisar Dokokin Alabama ta kafa [[Dokar|doka]] don nada kwamiti don tantance adadin diyya da Wilson zai samu a hukumance. Zai kasance "har zuwa adadin $ 3,500" kuma daidai da $ 65,000 , "don ayyukan da aka bayar jihar yayin da take kurkuku, " maimakon diyya don ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau.[5][to] An ba da lambar yabo don matsakaicin adadin $ 3,500 ga Mai kula da jama'a na jihar, alƙalin Kotun shaida na Blount County. Alkalin kotun shaida daga baya ya tsere daga jihar tare da kuɗin. Wilson ya kai karar mai ba da garantin alƙalin don dawo da diyya saboda wani mataki wanda ya kashe shi $ 700 a cikin kudaden shari'a ($ 13,000 a cikin 2025). [5] Ba a san yawan abin da ya samu ba, amma an yi imanin ya kasance kusan $ 2,500 ($ 46,400 a cikin 2025). <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref>[5] Wilson ya yi amfani da kuɗin don sayen ƙaramin gona amma ya shiga cikin bashi kuma ya rasa shi. Rubuce-rubucen karshe na Wilson ya nuna cewa yana aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin rana yana tono kwal a cikin ma'adinin Alabama.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin hukunce-hukuncen da ba daidai ba a Amurka * Wilson v. Jihar, 191 Ala, 7, 67 So. 1010 (1915). * Bill of Exceptions, Kotun da'ira ta Oneonta County, Alabama. * Ayyukan Janar na Alabama, 1919, shafi na 79.&nbsp; * Rahoton Hukumar Gafartawa ta Alabama, Oktoba 1, 1917, shafi na 126.&nbsp; == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 092tmk292jrk5dbp1he3vbcsd0blsfp 827754 827752 2026-04-29T17:13:25Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Tarihi */ 827754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bill Wilson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1880) manomi ne na Amurka a Blount County, Alabama wanda aka yanke masa hukunci ba bisa ka'ida ba game da kashe matarsa da ƙarami, dukansu biyu daga baya aka same su da rai. == Tarihi == Bill Wilson, manomi a Blount County, Alabama, ya auri Jenny Wade a cikin 1900. An haifi ɗansu na uku a shekara ta 1907. Jenny ta bar Wilson watanni 19 bayan haka tare da ɗansu na uku don komawa ga iyalinta. Wilson ya zaɓi ya koma tare da mahaifinsa tare da manyan yara biyu tare da shi. A lokacin kisan aure, Wade da yaro na uku sun ɓace. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin a ga Jenny na ƙarshe, Jane McClendon, 'yar manomi ta yankin, ita ma ta ɓace. Makonni da yawa jita-jita sun bazu cewa mummunan wasa yana da hannu a cikin ɓacewar duka biyu.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> A ƙarshen 1912, Dolphus Tidwell da ɗansa suna kamun kifi a Kogin Black Warrior kusa da dukiyar mahaifin Wilson lokacin da suka lura da ƙashi yana fitowa daga ƙasa. Tidwells sun sami mat a ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ya fallasa abin da suka yi imanin cewa gawarwakin wani babba ne da yaro. Da yake tunanin cewa akwai yiwuwar wani kabari na 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke kusa, sun bincika yankin don kayan tarihi amma ba su sami komai ba. Sun sake binne ƙasusuwa kuma suka koma gida. Labarin binciken ya bazu, kuma na kwanaki da yawa mazauna yankin sun bincika kayan tarihi na 'yan asalin Amurka har sai sun rasa sha'awa.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> Lokacin da ba a sami kayan tarihi ba wani ma'aikacin gona mai suna Jim House ya fara hasashen cewa ragowar ba ta 'yan asalin ba ne amma maƙwabcinsa Jenny Wilson da ɗanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Wilson - National Registry of Exonerations Pre 1989 |url=https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetailpre1989.aspx?caseid=365 |website=www.law.umich.edu}}</ref> Ya ba da labarin yadda ya ga Jenny ta ziyarci gidan surukinta tana ɗauke da kwando a 1908 kuma washegari ya lura da sawun da ke kaiwa ga kogi. Bayan bin waƙoƙin, ya sami tufafin yara da jini a kan dutse. Ba da daɗewa ba labarin ya bazu har sai bayanan ya koma ga mai gabatar da kara na gundumar James Embry. Embry ya kira babban juri kuma ya zargi Bill Wilson da kisan matarsa da ɗansa.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> == Shari'a == James Embry ya gurfanar da karar a gaban Alkalin J. E. Blackwood . A cikin maganganunsa na buɗewa, ya ce Jenny Wilson ta tafi gidan surukinta don ziyartar 'ya'yanta biyu a ƙarshen Nuwamba ko farkon Disamba 1908. Jenny da Bill Wilson sun yi jayayya, wanda ya haifar da Wilson ya kashe matarsa da ɗansa. Wilson ya ɗauki gawarwakin zuwa dutsen kuma ya ƙone su don lalata shaidar laifinsa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar masu gabatar da kara === Dolphus Tidwell ya shaida cewa ya sami ƙasusuwan da aka sanya a cikin shaida. Wadannan ƙasusuwa an yi hasashen su ne gawar Jenny Wilson da jaririnta mai watanni 19. Dokta Marvin Denton ya ba da shaida ga jihar game da binciken da ya samu daga binciken ƙasusuwa. Kodayake ya yarda cewa ƙasusuwan na babba ne da yaro, ya lura cewa yaron yana da hakora na dindindin. Hanci na dindindin yawanci ba ya bayyana har sai kusan shekaru shida. Ya kuma shaida cewa bai taba ganin hakora na dindindin a cikin yaro a ƙarƙashin shekaru huɗu ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Jim House ya sake maimaita labarinsa game da ziyarar Jenny zuwa gonar Wilson, ya kara da cewa ya damu da tsaronta kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana ta tafiya. Lokacin da ya sadu da Wilson washegari, House ya tambaye shi game da matarsa kuma ya bayyana cewa Wilson ya musanta cewa ta ziyarci gonar. Bayan wannan gamuwa ne House ya sami sawun sawun kuma ya bi su zuwa wurin da ya sami jini a kan dutse.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Wani mai laifi wanda ke da tantanin halitta a kusa da Wilson, Mack Holcomb, ya shaida cewa ya ji Wilson ya gaya wa 'yarsa ta fari Ruthie, "Idan ka faɗi wani abu, zan kula da ka lokacin da na fita. " Ruthie mai shekaru bakwai an yi masa tambayoyi game da wannan sanarwa kuma ya bayyana cewa mahaifinta ya ce idan ba yarinya ce ba ce, zai hukunta ta lokacin da ya fita daga kurkuku. <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Yawancin mazauna yankin sun ba da labarin tattaunawa da Wilson inda ya nuna ƙiyayya ga Jenny ko kuma ya yi tsokaci yana nuna cewa ba za ta dawo ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar karewa === Lizzie McClendon, mahaifiyar Jane McClendon، wacce ta ɓace jim kadan kafin Jenny, ta gaya wa juri cewa House ya ziyarce ta bayan 'yarta ta ɓace kuma ta ce zai ba da shaida cewa ya ga Wilsons sun kashe 'yarta idan ta yi rantsuwa da takardar shaidar kama su. A karkashin jarrabawar, House ya musanta da'awar amma ya yarda da rashin jin daɗi tsakanin kansa da Bill Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Shaidu shida, ciki har da 'yar'uwar Jenny, sun rantse cewa sun ga Jenny a lokuta daban-daban a cikin 1909 kuma tana zaune tare da wani mutum mai suna John Wilson, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da Bill Wilson. Misis Benton Cornelius ta shaida cewa Jenny ta gaya mata a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1908 cewa ta yi niyyar ƙaura zuwa [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] bayan rabuwa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Ɗan'uwan Wilson John, 'yar'uwarsa Frances, 'yarsa Ruthie, da John Rice, waɗanda suka yi aiki ga Wilson, duk sun musanta cewa Jenny ta ziyarci gidan Wilson a kowane lokaci bayan rabuwa. An ba da shaida cewa ragowar kwarangwal na mata ba ta da aikin hakora duk da cewa Jenny tana da cikawa a cikin hakora biyu na gaba. Dokta J. F. Hancock ya ce ya yi imanin cewa ƙasusuwan sun kasance aƙalla shekaru goma, cewa ragowar kwarangwal na tsofaffi ne, kuma cewa hakoran dindindin na yaron sun cire wannan kwarangwal daga kasancewa na jariri mai watanni 19.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Hukunci === A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1915, juriya ta sami Bill Wilson da laifi kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa a matakin farko. An yanke masa hukunci ɗaurin rai da rai, ya yi aiki a gidan yarin Jihar Wetumpka na Alabama. An soke roƙo, kuma an ki amincewa da korafe-korafe da yawa don gafartawa. == Gafartawa == A cikin 1916, Dokta Aleš Hrdlička, mai kula da ilimin ɗan adam na halitta a Cibiyar Smithsonian, ya bayyana ƙasusuwan su zama ɓangarorin akalla mutane huɗu ko biyar. Ragowar sun tsufa sosai, kuma babu wani abu da zai nuna cewa ba asalin asalin su ba ne. Alkalin shari'ar, J. E. Blackwood, ya yi imanin cewa Wilson ba shi da laifi, ya matsa wa gwamna da Babban Lauyan ba tare da nasara ba don sauya hukuncin. A wannan lokacin, jama'a sun yarda da rashin laifi na Wilson, amma mai gabatar da kara James Embry ya hana duk yunkurin samun gafara.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin 1918, tsohon lauyan daukaka kara na Wilson ya sami Jenny Wilson da 'yarta, yanzu tana da shekaru 11, suna zaune a Vincennes, Indiana tare da mijinta na biyu. Ta koma Blount County a ranar 8 ga Yuli kuma ta sanya hannu kan takardar shaidar da ke ba da cikakken labarin motsin zuciyarta daga lokacin da ta ɓace har sai an same ta. A wannan rana gwamnan ya ba da cikakken gafara, kuma an saki Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> == Sakamakon haka == A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1919, Majalisar Dokokin Alabama ta kafa [[Dokar|doka]] don nada kwamiti don tantance adadin diyya da Wilson zai samu a hukumance. Zai kasance "har zuwa adadin $ 3,500" kuma daidai da $ 65,000 , "don ayyukan da aka bayar jihar yayin da take kurkuku, " maimakon diyya don ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau.[5][to] An ba da lambar yabo don matsakaicin adadin $ 3,500 ga Mai kula da jama'a na jihar, alƙalin Kotun shaida na Blount County. Alkalin kotun shaida daga baya ya tsere daga jihar tare da kuɗin. Wilson ya kai karar mai ba da garantin alƙalin don dawo da diyya saboda wani mataki wanda ya kashe shi $ 700 a cikin kudaden shari'a ($ 13,000 a cikin 2025). [5] Ba a san yawan abin da ya samu ba, amma an yi imanin ya kasance kusan $ 2,500 ($ 46,400 a cikin 2025). <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref>[5] Wilson ya yi amfani da kuɗin don sayen ƙaramin gona amma ya shiga cikin bashi kuma ya rasa shi. Rubuce-rubucen karshe na Wilson ya nuna cewa yana aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin rana yana tono kwal a cikin ma'adinin Alabama.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin hukunce-hukuncen da ba daidai ba a Amurka * Wilson v. Jihar, 191 Ala, 7, 67 So. 1010 (1915). * Bill of Exceptions, Kotun da'ira ta Oneonta County, Alabama. * Ayyukan Janar na Alabama, 1919, shafi na 79.&nbsp; * Rahoton Hukumar Gafartawa ta Alabama, Oktoba 1, 1917, shafi na 126.&nbsp; == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8do3dp2atplkbk8rw4rfnbtxhtxfs6m 827755 827754 2026-04-29T17:15:39Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Shaidar karewa */ 827755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bill Wilson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1880) manomi ne na Amurka a Blount County, Alabama wanda aka yanke masa hukunci ba bisa ka'ida ba game da kashe matarsa da ƙarami, dukansu biyu daga baya aka same su da rai. == Tarihi == Bill Wilson, manomi a Blount County, Alabama, ya auri Jenny Wade a cikin 1900. An haifi ɗansu na uku a shekara ta 1907. Jenny ta bar Wilson watanni 19 bayan haka tare da ɗansu na uku don komawa ga iyalinta. Wilson ya zaɓi ya koma tare da mahaifinsa tare da manyan yara biyu tare da shi. A lokacin kisan aure, Wade da yaro na uku sun ɓace. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin a ga Jenny na ƙarshe, Jane McClendon, 'yar manomi ta yankin, ita ma ta ɓace. Makonni da yawa jita-jita sun bazu cewa mummunan wasa yana da hannu a cikin ɓacewar duka biyu.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> A ƙarshen 1912, Dolphus Tidwell da ɗansa suna kamun kifi a Kogin Black Warrior kusa da dukiyar mahaifin Wilson lokacin da suka lura da ƙashi yana fitowa daga ƙasa. Tidwells sun sami mat a ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ya fallasa abin da suka yi imanin cewa gawarwakin wani babba ne da yaro. Da yake tunanin cewa akwai yiwuwar wani kabari na 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke kusa, sun bincika yankin don kayan tarihi amma ba su sami komai ba. Sun sake binne ƙasusuwa kuma suka koma gida. Labarin binciken ya bazu, kuma na kwanaki da yawa mazauna yankin sun bincika kayan tarihi na 'yan asalin Amurka har sai sun rasa sha'awa.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> Lokacin da ba a sami kayan tarihi ba wani ma'aikacin gona mai suna Jim House ya fara hasashen cewa ragowar ba ta 'yan asalin ba ne amma maƙwabcinsa Jenny Wilson da ɗanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Wilson - National Registry of Exonerations Pre 1989 |url=https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetailpre1989.aspx?caseid=365 |website=www.law.umich.edu}}</ref> Ya ba da labarin yadda ya ga Jenny ta ziyarci gidan surukinta tana ɗauke da kwando a 1908 kuma washegari ya lura da sawun da ke kaiwa ga kogi. Bayan bin waƙoƙin, ya sami tufafin yara da jini a kan dutse. Ba da daɗewa ba labarin ya bazu har sai bayanan ya koma ga mai gabatar da kara na gundumar James Embry. Embry ya kira babban juri kuma ya zargi Bill Wilson da kisan matarsa da ɗansa.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> == Shari'a == James Embry ya gurfanar da karar a gaban Alkalin J. E. Blackwood . A cikin maganganunsa na buɗewa, ya ce Jenny Wilson ta tafi gidan surukinta don ziyartar 'ya'yanta biyu a ƙarshen Nuwamba ko farkon Disamba 1908. Jenny da Bill Wilson sun yi jayayya, wanda ya haifar da Wilson ya kashe matarsa da ɗansa. Wilson ya ɗauki gawarwakin zuwa dutsen kuma ya ƙone su don lalata shaidar laifinsa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar masu gabatar da kara === Dolphus Tidwell ya shaida cewa ya sami ƙasusuwan da aka sanya a cikin shaida. Wadannan ƙasusuwa an yi hasashen su ne gawar Jenny Wilson da jaririnta mai watanni 19. Dokta Marvin Denton ya ba da shaida ga jihar game da binciken da ya samu daga binciken ƙasusuwa. Kodayake ya yarda cewa ƙasusuwan na babba ne da yaro, ya lura cewa yaron yana da hakora na dindindin. Hanci na dindindin yawanci ba ya bayyana har sai kusan shekaru shida. Ya kuma shaida cewa bai taba ganin hakora na dindindin a cikin yaro a ƙarƙashin shekaru huɗu ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Jim House ya sake maimaita labarinsa game da ziyarar Jenny zuwa gonar Wilson, ya kara da cewa ya damu da tsaronta kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana ta tafiya. Lokacin da ya sadu da Wilson washegari, House ya tambaye shi game da matarsa kuma ya bayyana cewa Wilson ya musanta cewa ta ziyarci gonar. Bayan wannan gamuwa ne House ya sami sawun sawun kuma ya bi su zuwa wurin da ya sami jini a kan dutse.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Wani mai laifi wanda ke da tantanin halitta a kusa da Wilson, Mack Holcomb, ya shaida cewa ya ji Wilson ya gaya wa 'yarsa ta fari Ruthie, "Idan ka faɗi wani abu, zan kula da ka lokacin da na fita. " Ruthie mai shekaru bakwai an yi masa tambayoyi game da wannan sanarwa kuma ya bayyana cewa mahaifinta ya ce idan ba yarinya ce ba ce, zai hukunta ta lokacin da ya fita daga kurkuku. <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Yawancin mazauna yankin sun ba da labarin tattaunawa da Wilson inda ya nuna ƙiyayya ga Jenny ko kuma ya yi tsokaci yana nuna cewa ba za ta dawo ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar karewa === Lizzie McClendon, mahaifiyar Jane McClendon، wacce ta ɓace jim kadan kafin Jenny, ta gaya wa juri cewa House ya ziyarce ta bayan 'yarta ta ɓace kuma ta ce zai ba da shaida cewa ya ga Wilsons sun kashe 'yarta idan ta yi rantsuwa da takardar shaidar kama su. A karkashin jarrabawar, House ya musanta da'awar amma ya yarda da rashin jin daɗi tsakanin kansa da Bill Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> Shaidu shida, ciki har da 'yar'uwar Jenny, sun rantse cewa sun ga Jenny a lokuta daban-daban a cikin 1909 kuma tana zaune tare da wani mutum mai suna John Wilson, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da Bill Wilson. Misis Benton Cornelius ta shaida cewa Jenny ta gaya mata a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1908 cewa ta yi niyyar ƙaura zuwa [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] bayan rabuwa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> Ɗan'uwan Wilson John, 'yar'uwarsa Frances, 'yarsa Ruthie, da John Rice, waɗanda suka yi aiki ga Wilson, duk sun musanta cewa Jenny ta ziyarci gidan Wilson a kowane lokaci bayan rabuwa. An ba da shaida cewa ragowar kwarangwal na mata ba ta da aikin hakora duk da cewa Jenny tana da cikawa a cikin hakora biyu na gaba. Dokta J. F. Hancock ya ce ya yi imanin cewa ƙasusuwan sun kasance aƙalla shekaru goma, cewa ragowar kwarangwal na tsofaffi ne, kuma cewa hakoran dindindin na yaron sun cire wannan kwarangwal daga kasancewa na jariri mai watanni 19.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> === Hukunci === A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1915, juriya ta sami Bill Wilson da laifi kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa a matakin farko. An yanke masa hukunci ɗaurin rai da rai, ya yi aiki a gidan yarin Jihar Wetumpka na Alabama. An soke roƙo, kuma an ki amincewa da korafe-korafe da yawa don gafartawa. == Gafartawa == A cikin 1916, Dokta Aleš Hrdlička, mai kula da ilimin ɗan adam na halitta a Cibiyar Smithsonian, ya bayyana ƙasusuwan su zama ɓangarorin akalla mutane huɗu ko biyar. Ragowar sun tsufa sosai, kuma babu wani abu da zai nuna cewa ba asalin asalin su ba ne. Alkalin shari'ar, J. E. Blackwood, ya yi imanin cewa Wilson ba shi da laifi, ya matsa wa gwamna da Babban Lauyan ba tare da nasara ba don sauya hukuncin. A wannan lokacin, jama'a sun yarda da rashin laifi na Wilson, amma mai gabatar da kara James Embry ya hana duk yunkurin samun gafara.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin 1918, tsohon lauyan daukaka kara na Wilson ya sami Jenny Wilson da 'yarta, yanzu tana da shekaru 11, suna zaune a Vincennes, Indiana tare da mijinta na biyu. Ta koma Blount County a ranar 8 ga Yuli kuma ta sanya hannu kan takardar shaidar da ke ba da cikakken labarin motsin zuciyarta daga lokacin da ta ɓace har sai an same ta. A wannan rana gwamnan ya ba da cikakken gafara, kuma an saki Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> == Sakamakon haka == A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1919, Majalisar Dokokin Alabama ta kafa [[Dokar|doka]] don nada kwamiti don tantance adadin diyya da Wilson zai samu a hukumance. Zai kasance "har zuwa adadin $ 3,500" kuma daidai da $ 65,000 , "don ayyukan da aka bayar jihar yayin da take kurkuku, " maimakon diyya don ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau.[5][to] An ba da lambar yabo don matsakaicin adadin $ 3,500 ga Mai kula da jama'a na jihar, alƙalin Kotun shaida na Blount County. Alkalin kotun shaida daga baya ya tsere daga jihar tare da kuɗin. Wilson ya kai karar mai ba da garantin alƙalin don dawo da diyya saboda wani mataki wanda ya kashe shi $ 700 a cikin kudaden shari'a ($ 13,000 a cikin 2025). [5] Ba a san yawan abin da ya samu ba, amma an yi imanin ya kasance kusan $ 2,500 ($ 46,400 a cikin 2025). <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref>[5] Wilson ya yi amfani da kuɗin don sayen ƙaramin gona amma ya shiga cikin bashi kuma ya rasa shi. Rubuce-rubucen karshe na Wilson ya nuna cewa yana aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin rana yana tono kwal a cikin ma'adinin Alabama.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin hukunce-hukuncen da ba daidai ba a Amurka * Wilson v. Jihar, 191 Ala, 7, 67 So. 1010 (1915). * Bill of Exceptions, Kotun da'ira ta Oneonta County, Alabama. * Ayyukan Janar na Alabama, 1919, shafi na 79.&nbsp; * Rahoton Hukumar Gafartawa ta Alabama, Oktoba 1, 1917, shafi na 126.&nbsp; == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9tsk12dp2eiw9hp5x8cxof8ly5wkqyk 827756 827755 2026-04-29T17:16:55Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Sakamakon haka */ 827756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bill Wilson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1880) manomi ne na Amurka a Blount County, Alabama wanda aka yanke masa hukunci ba bisa ka'ida ba game da kashe matarsa da ƙarami, dukansu biyu daga baya aka same su da rai. == Tarihi == Bill Wilson, manomi a Blount County, Alabama, ya auri Jenny Wade a cikin 1900. An haifi ɗansu na uku a shekara ta 1907. Jenny ta bar Wilson watanni 19 bayan haka tare da ɗansu na uku don komawa ga iyalinta. Wilson ya zaɓi ya koma tare da mahaifinsa tare da manyan yara biyu tare da shi. A lokacin kisan aure, Wade da yaro na uku sun ɓace. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin a ga Jenny na ƙarshe, Jane McClendon, 'yar manomi ta yankin, ita ma ta ɓace. Makonni da yawa jita-jita sun bazu cewa mummunan wasa yana da hannu a cikin ɓacewar duka biyu.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> A ƙarshen 1912, Dolphus Tidwell da ɗansa suna kamun kifi a Kogin Black Warrior kusa da dukiyar mahaifin Wilson lokacin da suka lura da ƙashi yana fitowa daga ƙasa. Tidwells sun sami mat a ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ya fallasa abin da suka yi imanin cewa gawarwakin wani babba ne da yaro. Da yake tunanin cewa akwai yiwuwar wani kabari na 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke kusa, sun bincika yankin don kayan tarihi amma ba su sami komai ba. Sun sake binne ƙasusuwa kuma suka koma gida. Labarin binciken ya bazu, kuma na kwanaki da yawa mazauna yankin sun bincika kayan tarihi na 'yan asalin Amurka har sai sun rasa sha'awa.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> Lokacin da ba a sami kayan tarihi ba wani ma'aikacin gona mai suna Jim House ya fara hasashen cewa ragowar ba ta 'yan asalin ba ne amma maƙwabcinsa Jenny Wilson da ɗanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Wilson - National Registry of Exonerations Pre 1989 |url=https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetailpre1989.aspx?caseid=365 |website=www.law.umich.edu}}</ref> Ya ba da labarin yadda ya ga Jenny ta ziyarci gidan surukinta tana ɗauke da kwando a 1908 kuma washegari ya lura da sawun da ke kaiwa ga kogi. Bayan bin waƙoƙin, ya sami tufafin yara da jini a kan dutse. Ba da daɗewa ba labarin ya bazu har sai bayanan ya koma ga mai gabatar da kara na gundumar James Embry. Embry ya kira babban juri kuma ya zargi Bill Wilson da kisan matarsa da ɗansa.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> == Shari'a == James Embry ya gurfanar da karar a gaban Alkalin J. E. Blackwood . A cikin maganganunsa na buɗewa, ya ce Jenny Wilson ta tafi gidan surukinta don ziyartar 'ya'yanta biyu a ƙarshen Nuwamba ko farkon Disamba 1908. Jenny da Bill Wilson sun yi jayayya, wanda ya haifar da Wilson ya kashe matarsa da ɗansa. Wilson ya ɗauki gawarwakin zuwa dutsen kuma ya ƙone su don lalata shaidar laifinsa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar masu gabatar da kara === Dolphus Tidwell ya shaida cewa ya sami ƙasusuwan da aka sanya a cikin shaida. Wadannan ƙasusuwa an yi hasashen su ne gawar Jenny Wilson da jaririnta mai watanni 19. Dokta Marvin Denton ya ba da shaida ga jihar game da binciken da ya samu daga binciken ƙasusuwa. Kodayake ya yarda cewa ƙasusuwan na babba ne da yaro, ya lura cewa yaron yana da hakora na dindindin. Hanci na dindindin yawanci ba ya bayyana har sai kusan shekaru shida. Ya kuma shaida cewa bai taba ganin hakora na dindindin a cikin yaro a ƙarƙashin shekaru huɗu ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Jim House ya sake maimaita labarinsa game da ziyarar Jenny zuwa gonar Wilson, ya kara da cewa ya damu da tsaronta kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana ta tafiya. Lokacin da ya sadu da Wilson washegari, House ya tambaye shi game da matarsa kuma ya bayyana cewa Wilson ya musanta cewa ta ziyarci gonar. Bayan wannan gamuwa ne House ya sami sawun sawun kuma ya bi su zuwa wurin da ya sami jini a kan dutse.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Wani mai laifi wanda ke da tantanin halitta a kusa da Wilson, Mack Holcomb, ya shaida cewa ya ji Wilson ya gaya wa 'yarsa ta fari Ruthie, "Idan ka faɗi wani abu, zan kula da ka lokacin da na fita. " Ruthie mai shekaru bakwai an yi masa tambayoyi game da wannan sanarwa kuma ya bayyana cewa mahaifinta ya ce idan ba yarinya ce ba ce, zai hukunta ta lokacin da ya fita daga kurkuku. <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Yawancin mazauna yankin sun ba da labarin tattaunawa da Wilson inda ya nuna ƙiyayya ga Jenny ko kuma ya yi tsokaci yana nuna cewa ba za ta dawo ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar karewa === Lizzie McClendon, mahaifiyar Jane McClendon، wacce ta ɓace jim kadan kafin Jenny, ta gaya wa juri cewa House ya ziyarce ta bayan 'yarta ta ɓace kuma ta ce zai ba da shaida cewa ya ga Wilsons sun kashe 'yarta idan ta yi rantsuwa da takardar shaidar kama su. A karkashin jarrabawar, House ya musanta da'awar amma ya yarda da rashin jin daɗi tsakanin kansa da Bill Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> Shaidu shida, ciki har da 'yar'uwar Jenny, sun rantse cewa sun ga Jenny a lokuta daban-daban a cikin 1909 kuma tana zaune tare da wani mutum mai suna John Wilson, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da Bill Wilson. Misis Benton Cornelius ta shaida cewa Jenny ta gaya mata a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1908 cewa ta yi niyyar ƙaura zuwa [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] bayan rabuwa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> Ɗan'uwan Wilson John, 'yar'uwarsa Frances, 'yarsa Ruthie, da John Rice, waɗanda suka yi aiki ga Wilson, duk sun musanta cewa Jenny ta ziyarci gidan Wilson a kowane lokaci bayan rabuwa. An ba da shaida cewa ragowar kwarangwal na mata ba ta da aikin hakora duk da cewa Jenny tana da cikawa a cikin hakora biyu na gaba. Dokta J. F. Hancock ya ce ya yi imanin cewa ƙasusuwan sun kasance aƙalla shekaru goma, cewa ragowar kwarangwal na tsofaffi ne, kuma cewa hakoran dindindin na yaron sun cire wannan kwarangwal daga kasancewa na jariri mai watanni 19.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> === Hukunci === A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1915, juriya ta sami Bill Wilson da laifi kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa a matakin farko. An yanke masa hukunci ɗaurin rai da rai, ya yi aiki a gidan yarin Jihar Wetumpka na Alabama. An soke roƙo, kuma an ki amincewa da korafe-korafe da yawa don gafartawa. == Gafartawa == A cikin 1916, Dokta Aleš Hrdlička, mai kula da ilimin ɗan adam na halitta a Cibiyar Smithsonian, ya bayyana ƙasusuwan su zama ɓangarorin akalla mutane huɗu ko biyar. Ragowar sun tsufa sosai, kuma babu wani abu da zai nuna cewa ba asalin asalin su ba ne. Alkalin shari'ar, J. E. Blackwood, ya yi imanin cewa Wilson ba shi da laifi, ya matsa wa gwamna da Babban Lauyan ba tare da nasara ba don sauya hukuncin. A wannan lokacin, jama'a sun yarda da rashin laifi na Wilson, amma mai gabatar da kara James Embry ya hana duk yunkurin samun gafara.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin 1918, tsohon lauyan daukaka kara na Wilson ya sami Jenny Wilson da 'yarta, yanzu tana da shekaru 11, suna zaune a Vincennes, Indiana tare da mijinta na biyu. Ta koma Blount County a ranar 8 ga Yuli kuma ta sanya hannu kan takardar shaidar da ke ba da cikakken labarin motsin zuciyarta daga lokacin da ta ɓace har sai an same ta. A wannan rana gwamnan ya ba da cikakken gafara, kuma an saki Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> == Sakamakon haka == A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1919, Majalisar Dokokin Alabama ta kafa [[Dokar|doka]] don nada kwamiti don tantance adadin diyya da Wilson zai samu a hukumance. Zai kasance "har zuwa adadin $ 3,500" kuma daidai da $ 65,000 , "don ayyukan da aka bayar jihar yayin da take kurkuku, " maimakon diyya don ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau.[5][to] An ba da lambar yabo don matsakaicin adadin $ 3,500 ga Mai kula da jama'a na jihar, alƙalin Kotun shaida na Blount County. Alkalin kotun shaida daga baya ya tsere daga jihar tare da kuɗin. Wilson ya kai karar mai ba da garantin alƙalin don dawo da diyya saboda wani mataki wanda ya kashe shi $ 700 a cikin kudaden shari'a ($ 13,000 a cikin 2025). [5] Ba a san yawan abin da ya samu ba, amma an yi imanin ya kasance kusan $ 2,500 ($ 46,400 a cikin 2025). <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> Wilson ya yi amfani da kuɗin don sayen ƙaramin gona amma ya shiga cikin bashi kuma ya rasa shi. Rubuce-rubucen karshe na Wilson ya nuna cewa yana aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin rana yana tono kwal a cikin ma'adinin Alabama.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin hukunce-hukuncen da ba daidai ba a Amurka * Wilson v. Jihar, 191 Ala, 7, 67 So. 1010 (1915). * Bill of Exceptions, Kotun da'ira ta Oneonta County, Alabama. * Ayyukan Janar na Alabama, 1919, shafi na 79.&nbsp; * Rahoton Hukumar Gafartawa ta Alabama, Oktoba 1, 1917, shafi na 126.&nbsp; == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 398v7cn72ar1oaxoshxhdwoayc3yaw7 827757 827756 2026-04-29T17:18:16Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Gafartawa */ 827757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bill Wilson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1880) manomi ne na Amurka a Blount County, Alabama wanda aka yanke masa hukunci ba bisa ka'ida ba game da kashe matarsa da ƙarami, dukansu biyu daga baya aka same su da rai. == Tarihi == Bill Wilson, manomi a Blount County, Alabama, ya auri Jenny Wade a cikin 1900. An haifi ɗansu na uku a shekara ta 1907. Jenny ta bar Wilson watanni 19 bayan haka tare da ɗansu na uku don komawa ga iyalinta. Wilson ya zaɓi ya koma tare da mahaifinsa tare da manyan yara biyu tare da shi. A lokacin kisan aure, Wade da yaro na uku sun ɓace. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin a ga Jenny na ƙarshe, Jane McClendon, 'yar manomi ta yankin, ita ma ta ɓace. Makonni da yawa jita-jita sun bazu cewa mummunan wasa yana da hannu a cikin ɓacewar duka biyu.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> A ƙarshen 1912, Dolphus Tidwell da ɗansa suna kamun kifi a Kogin Black Warrior kusa da dukiyar mahaifin Wilson lokacin da suka lura da ƙashi yana fitowa daga ƙasa. Tidwells sun sami mat a ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ya fallasa abin da suka yi imanin cewa gawarwakin wani babba ne da yaro. Da yake tunanin cewa akwai yiwuwar wani kabari na 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke kusa, sun bincika yankin don kayan tarihi amma ba su sami komai ba. Sun sake binne ƙasusuwa kuma suka koma gida. Labarin binciken ya bazu, kuma na kwanaki da yawa mazauna yankin sun bincika kayan tarihi na 'yan asalin Amurka har sai sun rasa sha'awa.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> Lokacin da ba a sami kayan tarihi ba wani ma'aikacin gona mai suna Jim House ya fara hasashen cewa ragowar ba ta 'yan asalin ba ne amma maƙwabcinsa Jenny Wilson da ɗanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Wilson - National Registry of Exonerations Pre 1989 |url=https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetailpre1989.aspx?caseid=365 |website=www.law.umich.edu}}</ref> Ya ba da labarin yadda ya ga Jenny ta ziyarci gidan surukinta tana ɗauke da kwando a 1908 kuma washegari ya lura da sawun da ke kaiwa ga kogi. Bayan bin waƙoƙin, ya sami tufafin yara da jini a kan dutse. Ba da daɗewa ba labarin ya bazu har sai bayanan ya koma ga mai gabatar da kara na gundumar James Embry. Embry ya kira babban juri kuma ya zargi Bill Wilson da kisan matarsa da ɗansa.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> == Shari'a == James Embry ya gurfanar da karar a gaban Alkalin J. E. Blackwood . A cikin maganganunsa na buɗewa, ya ce Jenny Wilson ta tafi gidan surukinta don ziyartar 'ya'yanta biyu a ƙarshen Nuwamba ko farkon Disamba 1908. Jenny da Bill Wilson sun yi jayayya, wanda ya haifar da Wilson ya kashe matarsa da ɗansa. Wilson ya ɗauki gawarwakin zuwa dutsen kuma ya ƙone su don lalata shaidar laifinsa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar masu gabatar da kara === Dolphus Tidwell ya shaida cewa ya sami ƙasusuwan da aka sanya a cikin shaida. Wadannan ƙasusuwa an yi hasashen su ne gawar Jenny Wilson da jaririnta mai watanni 19. Dokta Marvin Denton ya ba da shaida ga jihar game da binciken da ya samu daga binciken ƙasusuwa. Kodayake ya yarda cewa ƙasusuwan na babba ne da yaro, ya lura cewa yaron yana da hakora na dindindin. Hanci na dindindin yawanci ba ya bayyana har sai kusan shekaru shida. Ya kuma shaida cewa bai taba ganin hakora na dindindin a cikin yaro a ƙarƙashin shekaru huɗu ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Jim House ya sake maimaita labarinsa game da ziyarar Jenny zuwa gonar Wilson, ya kara da cewa ya damu da tsaronta kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana ta tafiya. Lokacin da ya sadu da Wilson washegari, House ya tambaye shi game da matarsa kuma ya bayyana cewa Wilson ya musanta cewa ta ziyarci gonar. Bayan wannan gamuwa ne House ya sami sawun sawun kuma ya bi su zuwa wurin da ya sami jini a kan dutse.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Wani mai laifi wanda ke da tantanin halitta a kusa da Wilson, Mack Holcomb, ya shaida cewa ya ji Wilson ya gaya wa 'yarsa ta fari Ruthie, "Idan ka faɗi wani abu, zan kula da ka lokacin da na fita. " Ruthie mai shekaru bakwai an yi masa tambayoyi game da wannan sanarwa kuma ya bayyana cewa mahaifinta ya ce idan ba yarinya ce ba ce, zai hukunta ta lokacin da ya fita daga kurkuku. <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Yawancin mazauna yankin sun ba da labarin tattaunawa da Wilson inda ya nuna ƙiyayya ga Jenny ko kuma ya yi tsokaci yana nuna cewa ba za ta dawo ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar karewa === Lizzie McClendon, mahaifiyar Jane McClendon، wacce ta ɓace jim kadan kafin Jenny, ta gaya wa juri cewa House ya ziyarce ta bayan 'yarta ta ɓace kuma ta ce zai ba da shaida cewa ya ga Wilsons sun kashe 'yarta idan ta yi rantsuwa da takardar shaidar kama su. A karkashin jarrabawar, House ya musanta da'awar amma ya yarda da rashin jin daɗi tsakanin kansa da Bill Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> Shaidu shida, ciki har da 'yar'uwar Jenny, sun rantse cewa sun ga Jenny a lokuta daban-daban a cikin 1909 kuma tana zaune tare da wani mutum mai suna John Wilson, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da Bill Wilson. Misis Benton Cornelius ta shaida cewa Jenny ta gaya mata a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1908 cewa ta yi niyyar ƙaura zuwa [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] bayan rabuwa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> Ɗan'uwan Wilson John, 'yar'uwarsa Frances, 'yarsa Ruthie, da John Rice, waɗanda suka yi aiki ga Wilson, duk sun musanta cewa Jenny ta ziyarci gidan Wilson a kowane lokaci bayan rabuwa. An ba da shaida cewa ragowar kwarangwal na mata ba ta da aikin hakora duk da cewa Jenny tana da cikawa a cikin hakora biyu na gaba. Dokta J. F. Hancock ya ce ya yi imanin cewa ƙasusuwan sun kasance aƙalla shekaru goma, cewa ragowar kwarangwal na tsofaffi ne, kuma cewa hakoran dindindin na yaron sun cire wannan kwarangwal daga kasancewa na jariri mai watanni 19.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> === Hukunci === A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1915, juriya ta sami Bill Wilson da laifi kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa a matakin farko. An yanke masa hukunci ɗaurin rai da rai, ya yi aiki a gidan yarin Jihar Wetumpka na Alabama. An soke roƙo, kuma an ki amincewa da korafe-korafe da yawa don gafartawa. == Gafartawa == A cikin 1916, Dokta Aleš Hrdlička, mai kula da ilimin ɗan adam na halitta a Cibiyar Smithsonian, ya bayyana ƙasusuwan su zama ɓangarorin akalla mutane huɗu ko biyar. Ragowar sun tsufa sosai, kuma babu wani abu da zai nuna cewa ba asalin asalin su ba ne. Alkalin shari'ar, J. E. Blackwood, ya yi imanin cewa Wilson ba shi da laifi, ya matsa wa gwamna da Babban Lauyan ba tare da nasara ba don sauya hukuncin. A wannan lokacin, jama'a sun yarda da rashin laifi na Wilson, amma mai gabatar da kara James Embry ya hana duk yunkurin samun gafara.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> A cikin 1918, tsohon lauyan daukaka kara na Wilson ya sami Jenny Wilson da 'yarta, yanzu tana da shekaru 11, suna zaune a Vincennes, Indiana tare da mijinta na biyu. Ta koma Blount County a ranar 8 ga Yuli kuma ta sanya hannu kan takardar shaidar da ke ba da cikakken labarin motsin zuciyarta daga lokacin da ta ɓace har sai an same ta. A wannan rana gwamnan ya ba da cikakken gafara, kuma an saki Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1919, Majalisar Dokokin Alabama ta kafa [[Dokar|doka]] don nada kwamiti don tantance adadin diyya da Wilson zai samu a hukumance. Zai kasance "har zuwa adadin $ 3,500" kuma daidai da $ 65,000 , "don ayyukan da aka bayar jihar yayin da take kurkuku, " maimakon diyya don ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau.[5][to] An ba da lambar yabo don matsakaicin adadin $ 3,500 ga Mai kula da jama'a na jihar, alƙalin Kotun shaida na Blount County. Alkalin kotun shaida daga baya ya tsere daga jihar tare da kuɗin. Wilson ya kai karar mai ba da garantin alƙalin don dawo da diyya saboda wani mataki wanda ya kashe shi $ 700 a cikin kudaden shari'a ($ 13,000 a cikin 2025). [5] Ba a san yawan abin da ya samu ba, amma an yi imanin ya kasance kusan $ 2,500 ($ 46,400 a cikin 2025). <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> Wilson ya yi amfani da kuɗin don sayen ƙaramin gona amma ya shiga cikin bashi kuma ya rasa shi. Rubuce-rubucen karshe na Wilson ya nuna cewa yana aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin rana yana tono kwal a cikin ma'adinin Alabama.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin hukunce-hukuncen da ba daidai ba a Amurka * Wilson v. Jihar, 191 Ala, 7, 67 So. 1010 (1915). * Bill of Exceptions, Kotun da'ira ta Oneonta County, Alabama. * Ayyukan Janar na Alabama, 1919, shafi na 79.&nbsp; * Rahoton Hukumar Gafartawa ta Alabama, Oktoba 1, 1917, shafi na 126.&nbsp; == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1jgm5qxurhgr7ubtaps1divdrmtamgn 827758 827757 2026-04-29T17:18:51Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Shaidar karewa */ 827758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bill Wilson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1880) manomi ne na Amurka a Blount County, Alabama wanda aka yanke masa hukunci ba bisa ka'ida ba game da kashe matarsa da ƙarami, dukansu biyu daga baya aka same su da rai. == Tarihi == Bill Wilson, manomi a Blount County, Alabama, ya auri Jenny Wade a cikin 1900. An haifi ɗansu na uku a shekara ta 1907. Jenny ta bar Wilson watanni 19 bayan haka tare da ɗansu na uku don komawa ga iyalinta. Wilson ya zaɓi ya koma tare da mahaifinsa tare da manyan yara biyu tare da shi. A lokacin kisan aure, Wade da yaro na uku sun ɓace. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin a ga Jenny na ƙarshe, Jane McClendon, 'yar manomi ta yankin, ita ma ta ɓace. Makonni da yawa jita-jita sun bazu cewa mummunan wasa yana da hannu a cikin ɓacewar duka biyu.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> A ƙarshen 1912, Dolphus Tidwell da ɗansa suna kamun kifi a Kogin Black Warrior kusa da dukiyar mahaifin Wilson lokacin da suka lura da ƙashi yana fitowa daga ƙasa. Tidwells sun sami mat a ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ya fallasa abin da suka yi imanin cewa gawarwakin wani babba ne da yaro. Da yake tunanin cewa akwai yiwuwar wani kabari na 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke kusa, sun bincika yankin don kayan tarihi amma ba su sami komai ba. Sun sake binne ƙasusuwa kuma suka koma gida. Labarin binciken ya bazu, kuma na kwanaki da yawa mazauna yankin sun bincika kayan tarihi na 'yan asalin Amurka har sai sun rasa sha'awa.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> Lokacin da ba a sami kayan tarihi ba wani ma'aikacin gona mai suna Jim House ya fara hasashen cewa ragowar ba ta 'yan asalin ba ne amma maƙwabcinsa Jenny Wilson da ɗanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Wilson - National Registry of Exonerations Pre 1989 |url=https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetailpre1989.aspx?caseid=365 |website=www.law.umich.edu}}</ref> Ya ba da labarin yadda ya ga Jenny ta ziyarci gidan surukinta tana ɗauke da kwando a 1908 kuma washegari ya lura da sawun da ke kaiwa ga kogi. Bayan bin waƙoƙin, ya sami tufafin yara da jini a kan dutse. Ba da daɗewa ba labarin ya bazu har sai bayanan ya koma ga mai gabatar da kara na gundumar James Embry. Embry ya kira babban juri kuma ya zargi Bill Wilson da kisan matarsa da ɗansa.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> == Shari'a == James Embry ya gurfanar da karar a gaban Alkalin J. E. Blackwood . A cikin maganganunsa na buɗewa, ya ce Jenny Wilson ta tafi gidan surukinta don ziyartar 'ya'yanta biyu a ƙarshen Nuwamba ko farkon Disamba 1908. Jenny da Bill Wilson sun yi jayayya, wanda ya haifar da Wilson ya kashe matarsa da ɗansa. Wilson ya ɗauki gawarwakin zuwa dutsen kuma ya ƙone su don lalata shaidar laifinsa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar masu gabatar da kara === Dolphus Tidwell ya shaida cewa ya sami ƙasusuwan da aka sanya a cikin shaida. Wadannan ƙasusuwa an yi hasashen su ne gawar Jenny Wilson da jaririnta mai watanni 19. Dokta Marvin Denton ya ba da shaida ga jihar game da binciken da ya samu daga binciken ƙasusuwa. Kodayake ya yarda cewa ƙasusuwan na babba ne da yaro, ya lura cewa yaron yana da hakora na dindindin. Hanci na dindindin yawanci ba ya bayyana har sai kusan shekaru shida. Ya kuma shaida cewa bai taba ganin hakora na dindindin a cikin yaro a ƙarƙashin shekaru huɗu ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Jim House ya sake maimaita labarinsa game da ziyarar Jenny zuwa gonar Wilson, ya kara da cewa ya damu da tsaronta kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana ta tafiya. Lokacin da ya sadu da Wilson washegari, House ya tambaye shi game da matarsa kuma ya bayyana cewa Wilson ya musanta cewa ta ziyarci gonar. Bayan wannan gamuwa ne House ya sami sawun sawun kuma ya bi su zuwa wurin da ya sami jini a kan dutse.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Wani mai laifi wanda ke da tantanin halitta a kusa da Wilson, Mack Holcomb, ya shaida cewa ya ji Wilson ya gaya wa 'yarsa ta fari Ruthie, "Idan ka faɗi wani abu, zan kula da ka lokacin da na fita. " Ruthie mai shekaru bakwai an yi masa tambayoyi game da wannan sanarwa kuma ya bayyana cewa mahaifinta ya ce idan ba yarinya ce ba ce, zai hukunta ta lokacin da ya fita daga kurkuku. <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Yawancin mazauna yankin sun ba da labarin tattaunawa da Wilson inda ya nuna ƙiyayya ga Jenny ko kuma ya yi tsokaci yana nuna cewa ba za ta dawo ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar karewa === Lizzie McClendon, mahaifiyar Jane McClendon، wacce ta ɓace jim kadan kafin Jenny, ta gaya wa juri cewa House ya ziyarce ta bayan 'yarta ta ɓace kuma ta ce zai ba da shaida cewa ya ga Wilsons sun kashe 'yarta idan ta yi rantsuwa da takardar shaidar kama su. A karkashin jarrabawar, House ya musanta da'awar amma ya yarda da rashin jin daɗi tsakanin kansa da Bill Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> Shaidu shida, ciki har da 'yar'uwar Jenny, sun rantse cewa sun ga Jenny a lokuta daban-daban a cikin 1909 kuma tana zaune tare da wani mutum mai suna John Wilson, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da Bill Wilson. Misis Benton Cornelius ta shaida cewa Jenny ta gaya mata a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1908 cewa ta yi niyyar ƙaura zuwa [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] bayan rabuwa. Ɗan'uwan Wilson John, 'yar'uwarsa Frances, 'yarsa Ruthie, da John Rice, waɗanda suka yi aiki ga Wilson, duk sun musanta cewa Jenny ta ziyarci gidan Wilson a kowane lokaci bayan rabuwa. An ba da shaida cewa ragowar kwarangwal na mata ba ta da aikin hakora duk da cewa Jenny tana da cikawa a cikin hakora biyu na gaba. Dokta J. F. Hancock ya ce ya yi imanin cewa ƙasusuwan sun kasance aƙalla shekaru goma, cewa ragowar kwarangwal na tsofaffi ne, kuma cewa hakoran dindindin na yaron sun cire wannan kwarangwal daga kasancewa na jariri mai watanni 19.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> === Hukunci === A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1915, juriya ta sami Bill Wilson da laifi kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa a matakin farko. An yanke masa hukunci ɗaurin rai da rai, ya yi aiki a gidan yarin Jihar Wetumpka na Alabama. An soke roƙo, kuma an ki amincewa da korafe-korafe da yawa don gafartawa. == Gafartawa == A cikin 1916, Dokta Aleš Hrdlička, mai kula da ilimin ɗan adam na halitta a Cibiyar Smithsonian, ya bayyana ƙasusuwan su zama ɓangarorin akalla mutane huɗu ko biyar. Ragowar sun tsufa sosai, kuma babu wani abu da zai nuna cewa ba asalin asalin su ba ne. Alkalin shari'ar, J. E. Blackwood, ya yi imanin cewa Wilson ba shi da laifi, ya matsa wa gwamna da Babban Lauyan ba tare da nasara ba don sauya hukuncin. A wannan lokacin, jama'a sun yarda da rashin laifi na Wilson, amma mai gabatar da kara James Embry ya hana duk yunkurin samun gafara.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> A cikin 1918, tsohon lauyan daukaka kara na Wilson ya sami Jenny Wilson da 'yarta, yanzu tana da shekaru 11, suna zaune a Vincennes, Indiana tare da mijinta na biyu. Ta koma Blount County a ranar 8 ga Yuli kuma ta sanya hannu kan takardar shaidar da ke ba da cikakken labarin motsin zuciyarta daga lokacin da ta ɓace har sai an same ta. A wannan rana gwamnan ya ba da cikakken gafara, kuma an saki Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1919, Majalisar Dokokin Alabama ta kafa [[Dokar|doka]] don nada kwamiti don tantance adadin diyya da Wilson zai samu a hukumance. Zai kasance "har zuwa adadin $ 3,500" kuma daidai da $ 65,000 , "don ayyukan da aka bayar jihar yayin da take kurkuku, " maimakon diyya don ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau.[5][to] An ba da lambar yabo don matsakaicin adadin $ 3,500 ga Mai kula da jama'a na jihar, alƙalin Kotun shaida na Blount County. Alkalin kotun shaida daga baya ya tsere daga jihar tare da kuɗin. Wilson ya kai karar mai ba da garantin alƙalin don dawo da diyya saboda wani mataki wanda ya kashe shi $ 700 a cikin kudaden shari'a ($ 13,000 a cikin 2025). [5] Ba a san yawan abin da ya samu ba, amma an yi imanin ya kasance kusan $ 2,500 ($ 46,400 a cikin 2025). <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> Wilson ya yi amfani da kuɗin don sayen ƙaramin gona amma ya shiga cikin bashi kuma ya rasa shi. Rubuce-rubucen karshe na Wilson ya nuna cewa yana aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin rana yana tono kwal a cikin ma'adinin Alabama.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin hukunce-hukuncen da ba daidai ba a Amurka * Wilson v. Jihar, 191 Ala, 7, 67 So. 1010 (1915). * Bill of Exceptions, Kotun da'ira ta Oneonta County, Alabama. * Ayyukan Janar na Alabama, 1919, shafi na 79.&nbsp; * Rahoton Hukumar Gafartawa ta Alabama, Oktoba 1, 1917, shafi na 126.&nbsp; == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] exwmfv9di40lbodgee9lr73b880muj5 827759 827758 2026-04-29T17:19:44Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Tarihi */ 827759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bill Wilson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1880) manomi ne na Amurka a Blount County, Alabama wanda aka yanke masa hukunci ba bisa ka'ida ba game da kashe matarsa da ƙarami, dukansu biyu daga baya aka same su da rai. == Tarihi == Bill Wilson, manomi a Blount County, Alabama, ya auri Jenny Wade a cikin 1900. An haifi ɗansu na uku a shekara ta 1907. Jenny ta bar Wilson watanni 19 bayan haka tare da ɗansu na uku don komawa ga iyalinta. Wilson ya zaɓi ya koma tare da mahaifinsa tare da manyan yara biyu tare da shi. A lokacin kisan aure, Wade da yaro na uku sun ɓace. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin a ga Jenny na ƙarshe, Jane McClendon, 'yar manomi ta yankin, ita ma ta ɓace. Makonni da yawa jita-jita sun bazu cewa mummunan wasa yana da hannu a cikin ɓacewar duka biyu.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref> A ƙarshen 1912, Dolphus Tidwell da ɗansa suna kamun kifi a Kogin Black Warrior kusa da dukiyar mahaifin Wilson lokacin da suka lura da ƙashi yana fitowa daga ƙasa. Tidwells sun sami mat a ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ya fallasa abin da suka yi imanin cewa gawarwakin wani babba ne da yaro. Da yake tunanin cewa akwai yiwuwar wani kabari na 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke kusa, sun bincika yankin don kayan tarihi amma ba su sami komai ba. Sun sake binne ƙasusuwa kuma suka koma gida. Labarin binciken ya bazu, kuma na kwanaki da yawa mazauna yankin sun bincika kayan tarihi na 'yan asalin Amurka har sai sun rasa sha'awa.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> Lokacin da ba a sami kayan tarihi ba wani ma'aikacin gona mai suna Jim House ya fara hasashen cewa ragowar ba ta 'yan asalin ba ne amma maƙwabcinsa Jenny Wilson da ɗanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Wilson - National Registry of Exonerations Pre 1989 |url=https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetailpre1989.aspx?caseid=365 |website=www.law.umich.edu}}</ref> Ya ba da labarin yadda ya ga Jenny ta ziyarci gidan surukinta tana ɗauke da kwando a 1908 kuma washegari ya lura da sawun da ke kaiwa ga kogi. Bayan bin waƙoƙin, ya sami tufafin yara da jini a kan dutse. Ba da daɗewa ba labarin ya bazu har sai bayanan ya koma ga mai gabatar da kara na gundumar James Embry. Embry ya kira babban juri kuma ya zargi Bill Wilson da kisan matarsa da ɗansa.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> == Shari'a == James Embry ya gurfanar da karar a gaban Alkalin J. E. Blackwood . A cikin maganganunsa na buɗewa, ya ce Jenny Wilson ta tafi gidan surukinta don ziyartar 'ya'yanta biyu a ƙarshen Nuwamba ko farkon Disamba 1908. Jenny da Bill Wilson sun yi jayayya, wanda ya haifar da Wilson ya kashe matarsa da ɗansa. Wilson ya ɗauki gawarwakin zuwa dutsen kuma ya ƙone su don lalata shaidar laifinsa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar masu gabatar da kara === Dolphus Tidwell ya shaida cewa ya sami ƙasusuwan da aka sanya a cikin shaida. Wadannan ƙasusuwa an yi hasashen su ne gawar Jenny Wilson da jaririnta mai watanni 19. Dokta Marvin Denton ya ba da shaida ga jihar game da binciken da ya samu daga binciken ƙasusuwa. Kodayake ya yarda cewa ƙasusuwan na babba ne da yaro, ya lura cewa yaron yana da hakora na dindindin. Hanci na dindindin yawanci ba ya bayyana har sai kusan shekaru shida. Ya kuma shaida cewa bai taba ganin hakora na dindindin a cikin yaro a ƙarƙashin shekaru huɗu ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Jim House ya sake maimaita labarinsa game da ziyarar Jenny zuwa gonar Wilson, ya kara da cewa ya damu da tsaronta kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana ta tafiya. Lokacin da ya sadu da Wilson washegari, House ya tambaye shi game da matarsa kuma ya bayyana cewa Wilson ya musanta cewa ta ziyarci gonar. Bayan wannan gamuwa ne House ya sami sawun sawun kuma ya bi su zuwa wurin da ya sami jini a kan dutse.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Wani mai laifi wanda ke da tantanin halitta a kusa da Wilson, Mack Holcomb, ya shaida cewa ya ji Wilson ya gaya wa 'yarsa ta fari Ruthie, "Idan ka faɗi wani abu, zan kula da ka lokacin da na fita. " Ruthie mai shekaru bakwai an yi masa tambayoyi game da wannan sanarwa kuma ya bayyana cewa mahaifinta ya ce idan ba yarinya ce ba ce, zai hukunta ta lokacin da ya fita daga kurkuku. <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Yawancin mazauna yankin sun ba da labarin tattaunawa da Wilson inda ya nuna ƙiyayya ga Jenny ko kuma ya yi tsokaci yana nuna cewa ba za ta dawo ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar karewa === Lizzie McClendon, mahaifiyar Jane McClendon، wacce ta ɓace jim kadan kafin Jenny, ta gaya wa juri cewa House ya ziyarce ta bayan 'yarta ta ɓace kuma ta ce zai ba da shaida cewa ya ga Wilsons sun kashe 'yarta idan ta yi rantsuwa da takardar shaidar kama su. A karkashin jarrabawar, House ya musanta da'awar amma ya yarda da rashin jin daɗi tsakanin kansa da Bill Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> Shaidu shida, ciki har da 'yar'uwar Jenny, sun rantse cewa sun ga Jenny a lokuta daban-daban a cikin 1909 kuma tana zaune tare da wani mutum mai suna John Wilson, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da Bill Wilson. Misis Benton Cornelius ta shaida cewa Jenny ta gaya mata a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1908 cewa ta yi niyyar ƙaura zuwa [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] bayan rabuwa. Ɗan'uwan Wilson John, 'yar'uwarsa Frances, 'yarsa Ruthie, da John Rice, waɗanda suka yi aiki ga Wilson, duk sun musanta cewa Jenny ta ziyarci gidan Wilson a kowane lokaci bayan rabuwa. An ba da shaida cewa ragowar kwarangwal na mata ba ta da aikin hakora duk da cewa Jenny tana da cikawa a cikin hakora biyu na gaba. Dokta J. F. Hancock ya ce ya yi imanin cewa ƙasusuwan sun kasance aƙalla shekaru goma, cewa ragowar kwarangwal na tsofaffi ne, kuma cewa hakoran dindindin na yaron sun cire wannan kwarangwal daga kasancewa na jariri mai watanni 19.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> === Hukunci === A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1915, juriya ta sami Bill Wilson da laifi kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa a matakin farko. An yanke masa hukunci ɗaurin rai da rai, ya yi aiki a gidan yarin Jihar Wetumpka na Alabama. An soke roƙo, kuma an ki amincewa da korafe-korafe da yawa don gafartawa. == Gafartawa == A cikin 1916, Dokta Aleš Hrdlička, mai kula da ilimin ɗan adam na halitta a Cibiyar Smithsonian, ya bayyana ƙasusuwan su zama ɓangarorin akalla mutane huɗu ko biyar. Ragowar sun tsufa sosai, kuma babu wani abu da zai nuna cewa ba asalin asalin su ba ne. Alkalin shari'ar, J. E. Blackwood, ya yi imanin cewa Wilson ba shi da laifi, ya matsa wa gwamna da Babban Lauyan ba tare da nasara ba don sauya hukuncin. A wannan lokacin, jama'a sun yarda da rashin laifi na Wilson, amma mai gabatar da kara James Embry ya hana duk yunkurin samun gafara.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> A cikin 1918, tsohon lauyan daukaka kara na Wilson ya sami Jenny Wilson da 'yarta, yanzu tana da shekaru 11, suna zaune a Vincennes, Indiana tare da mijinta na biyu. Ta koma Blount County a ranar 8 ga Yuli kuma ta sanya hannu kan takardar shaidar da ke ba da cikakken labarin motsin zuciyarta daga lokacin da ta ɓace har sai an same ta. A wannan rana gwamnan ya ba da cikakken gafara, kuma an saki Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1919, Majalisar Dokokin Alabama ta kafa [[Dokar|doka]] don nada kwamiti don tantance adadin diyya da Wilson zai samu a hukumance. Zai kasance "har zuwa adadin $ 3,500" kuma daidai da $ 65,000 , "don ayyukan da aka bayar jihar yayin da take kurkuku, " maimakon diyya don ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau.[5][to] An ba da lambar yabo don matsakaicin adadin $ 3,500 ga Mai kula da jama'a na jihar, alƙalin Kotun shaida na Blount County. Alkalin kotun shaida daga baya ya tsere daga jihar tare da kuɗin. Wilson ya kai karar mai ba da garantin alƙalin don dawo da diyya saboda wani mataki wanda ya kashe shi $ 700 a cikin kudaden shari'a ($ 13,000 a cikin 2025). [5] Ba a san yawan abin da ya samu ba, amma an yi imanin ya kasance kusan $ 2,500 ($ 46,400 a cikin 2025). <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> Wilson ya yi amfani da kuɗin don sayen ƙaramin gona amma ya shiga cikin bashi kuma ya rasa shi. Rubuce-rubucen karshe na Wilson ya nuna cewa yana aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin rana yana tono kwal a cikin ma'adinin Alabama.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin hukunce-hukuncen da ba daidai ba a Amurka * Wilson v. Jihar, 191 Ala, 7, 67 So. 1010 (1915). * Bill of Exceptions, Kotun da'ira ta Oneonta County, Alabama. * Ayyukan Janar na Alabama, 1919, shafi na 79.&nbsp; * Rahoton Hukumar Gafartawa ta Alabama, Oktoba 1, 1917, shafi na 126.&nbsp; == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 01i8lq6by3h7zemfngpvao4injc0ipi 827760 827759 2026-04-29T17:20:26Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Tarihi */ 827760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bill Wilson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1880) manomi ne na Amurka a Blount County, Alabama wanda aka yanke masa hukunci ba bisa ka'ida ba game da kashe matarsa da ƙarami, dukansu biyu daga baya aka same su da rai. == Tarihi == Bill Wilson, manomi a Blount County, Alabama, ya auri Jenny Wade a cikin 1900. An haifi ɗansu na uku a shekara ta 1907. Jenny ta bar Wilson watanni 19 bayan haka tare da ɗansu na uku don komawa ga iyalinta. Wilson ya zaɓi ya koma tare da mahaifinsa tare da manyan yara biyu tare da shi. A lokacin kisan aure, Wade da yaro na uku sun ɓace. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin a ga Jenny na ƙarshe, Jane McClendon, 'yar manomi ta yankin, ita ma ta ɓace. Makonni da yawa jita-jita sun bazu cewa mummunan wasa yana da hannu a cikin ɓacewar duka biyu.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref> A ƙarshen 1912, Dolphus Tidwell da ɗansa suna kamun kifi a Kogin Black Warrior kusa da dukiyar mahaifin Wilson lokacin da suka lura da ƙashi yana fitowa daga ƙasa. Tidwells sun sami mat a ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ya fallasa abin da suka yi imanin cewa gawarwakin wani babba ne da yaro. Da yake tunanin cewa akwai yiwuwar wani kabari na 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke kusa, sun bincika yankin don kayan tarihi amma ba su sami komai ba. Sun sake binne ƙasusuwa kuma suka koma gida. Labarin binciken ya bazu, kuma na kwanaki da yawa mazauna yankin sun bincika kayan tarihi na 'yan asalin Amurka har sai sun rasa sha'awa.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref><ref name="Borchard">{{cite web | last = Borchard | first = Edwin M. | year = 1932 | title = Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 | work = www.victimsofthestate.org | url = https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html | accessdate = December 6, 2012 }}</ref> Lokacin da ba a sami kayan tarihi ba wani ma'aikacin gona mai suna Jim House ya fara hasashen cewa ragowar ba ta 'yan asalin ba ne amma maƙwabcinsa Jenny Wilson da ɗanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Wilson - National Registry of Exonerations Pre 1989 |url=https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetailpre1989.aspx?caseid=365 |website=www.law.umich.edu}}</ref> Ya ba da labarin yadda ya ga Jenny ta ziyarci gidan surukinta tana ɗauke da kwando a 1908 kuma washegari ya lura da sawun da ke kaiwa ga kogi. Bayan bin waƙoƙin, ya sami tufafin yara da jini a kan dutse. Ba da daɗewa ba labarin ya bazu har sai bayanan ya koma ga mai gabatar da kara na gundumar James Embry. Embry ya kira babban juri kuma ya zargi Bill Wilson da kisan matarsa da ɗansa.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book | last = Collins | first = Wilkie | year = 2005 | title = The Dead Alive: The Novel, the Case, and Wrongful Convictions | publisher = [[Northwestern University Press]] | page=162 | isbn = 9780810122949 }}</ref> == Shari'a == James Embry ya gurfanar da karar a gaban Alkalin J. E. Blackwood . A cikin maganganunsa na buɗewa, ya ce Jenny Wilson ta tafi gidan surukinta don ziyartar 'ya'yanta biyu a ƙarshen Nuwamba ko farkon Disamba 1908. Jenny da Bill Wilson sun yi jayayya, wanda ya haifar da Wilson ya kashe matarsa da ɗansa. Wilson ya ɗauki gawarwakin zuwa dutsen kuma ya ƙone su don lalata shaidar laifinsa.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar masu gabatar da kara === Dolphus Tidwell ya shaida cewa ya sami ƙasusuwan da aka sanya a cikin shaida. Wadannan ƙasusuwa an yi hasashen su ne gawar Jenny Wilson da jaririnta mai watanni 19. Dokta Marvin Denton ya ba da shaida ga jihar game da binciken da ya samu daga binciken ƙasusuwa. Kodayake ya yarda cewa ƙasusuwan na babba ne da yaro, ya lura cewa yaron yana da hakora na dindindin. Hanci na dindindin yawanci ba ya bayyana har sai kusan shekaru shida. Ya kuma shaida cewa bai taba ganin hakora na dindindin a cikin yaro a ƙarƙashin shekaru huɗu ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Jim House ya sake maimaita labarinsa game da ziyarar Jenny zuwa gonar Wilson, ya kara da cewa ya damu da tsaronta kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana ta tafiya. Lokacin da ya sadu da Wilson washegari, House ya tambaye shi game da matarsa kuma ya bayyana cewa Wilson ya musanta cewa ta ziyarci gonar. Bayan wannan gamuwa ne House ya sami sawun sawun kuma ya bi su zuwa wurin da ya sami jini a kan dutse.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Wani mai laifi wanda ke da tantanin halitta a kusa da Wilson, Mack Holcomb, ya shaida cewa ya ji Wilson ya gaya wa 'yarsa ta fari Ruthie, "Idan ka faɗi wani abu, zan kula da ka lokacin da na fita. " Ruthie mai shekaru bakwai an yi masa tambayoyi game da wannan sanarwa kuma ya bayyana cewa mahaifinta ya ce idan ba yarinya ce ba ce, zai hukunta ta lokacin da ya fita daga kurkuku. <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> Yawancin mazauna yankin sun ba da labarin tattaunawa da Wilson inda ya nuna ƙiyayya ga Jenny ko kuma ya yi tsokaci yana nuna cewa ba za ta dawo ba.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorchard1932">Borchard, Edwin M. (1932). [https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html "Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48"]. ''www.victimsofthestate.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite></ref> === Shaidar karewa === Lizzie McClendon, mahaifiyar Jane McClendon، wacce ta ɓace jim kadan kafin Jenny, ta gaya wa juri cewa House ya ziyarce ta bayan 'yarta ta ɓace kuma ta ce zai ba da shaida cewa ya ga Wilsons sun kashe 'yarta idan ta yi rantsuwa da takardar shaidar kama su. A karkashin jarrabawar, House ya musanta da'awar amma ya yarda da rashin jin daɗi tsakanin kansa da Bill Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> Shaidu shida, ciki har da 'yar'uwar Jenny, sun rantse cewa sun ga Jenny a lokuta daban-daban a cikin 1909 kuma tana zaune tare da wani mutum mai suna John Wilson, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da Bill Wilson. Misis Benton Cornelius ta shaida cewa Jenny ta gaya mata a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1908 cewa ta yi niyyar ƙaura zuwa [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] bayan rabuwa. Ɗan'uwan Wilson John, 'yar'uwarsa Frances, 'yarsa Ruthie, da John Rice, waɗanda suka yi aiki ga Wilson, duk sun musanta cewa Jenny ta ziyarci gidan Wilson a kowane lokaci bayan rabuwa. An ba da shaida cewa ragowar kwarangwal na mata ba ta da aikin hakora duk da cewa Jenny tana da cikawa a cikin hakora biyu na gaba. Dokta J. F. Hancock ya ce ya yi imanin cewa ƙasusuwan sun kasance aƙalla shekaru goma, cewa ragowar kwarangwal na tsofaffi ne, kuma cewa hakoran dindindin na yaron sun cire wannan kwarangwal daga kasancewa na jariri mai watanni 19.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> === Hukunci === A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1915, juriya ta sami Bill Wilson da laifi kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa a matakin farko. An yanke masa hukunci ɗaurin rai da rai, ya yi aiki a gidan yarin Jihar Wetumpka na Alabama. An soke roƙo, kuma an ki amincewa da korafe-korafe da yawa don gafartawa. == Gafartawa == A cikin 1916, Dokta Aleš Hrdlička, mai kula da ilimin ɗan adam na halitta a Cibiyar Smithsonian, ya bayyana ƙasusuwan su zama ɓangarorin akalla mutane huɗu ko biyar. Ragowar sun tsufa sosai, kuma babu wani abu da zai nuna cewa ba asalin asalin su ba ne. Alkalin shari'ar, J. E. Blackwood, ya yi imanin cewa Wilson ba shi da laifi, ya matsa wa gwamna da Babban Lauyan ba tare da nasara ba don sauya hukuncin. A wannan lokacin, jama'a sun yarda da rashin laifi na Wilson, amma mai gabatar da kara James Embry ya hana duk yunkurin samun gafara.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> A cikin 1918, tsohon lauyan daukaka kara na Wilson ya sami Jenny Wilson da 'yarta, yanzu tana da shekaru 11, suna zaune a Vincennes, Indiana tare da mijinta na biyu. Ta koma Blount County a ranar 8 ga Yuli kuma ta sanya hannu kan takardar shaidar da ke ba da cikakken labarin motsin zuciyarta daga lokacin da ta ɓace har sai an same ta. A wannan rana gwamnan ya ba da cikakken gafara, kuma an saki Wilson.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1919, Majalisar Dokokin Alabama ta kafa [[Dokar|doka]] don nada kwamiti don tantance adadin diyya da Wilson zai samu a hukumance. Zai kasance "har zuwa adadin $ 3,500" kuma daidai da $ 65,000 , "don ayyukan da aka bayar jihar yayin da take kurkuku, " maimakon diyya don ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau.[5][to] An ba da lambar yabo don matsakaicin adadin $ 3,500 ga Mai kula da jama'a na jihar, alƙalin Kotun shaida na Blount County. Alkalin kotun shaida daga baya ya tsere daga jihar tare da kuɗin. Wilson ya kai karar mai ba da garantin alƙalin don dawo da diyya saboda wani mataki wanda ya kashe shi $ 700 a cikin kudaden shari'a ($ 13,000 a cikin 2025). [5] Ba a san yawan abin da ya samu ba, amma an yi imanin ya kasance kusan $ 2,500 ($ 46,400 a cikin 2025). <ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> Wilson ya yi amfani da kuɗin don sayen ƙaramin gona amma ya shiga cikin bashi kuma ya rasa shi. Rubuce-rubucen karshe na Wilson ya nuna cewa yana aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin rana yana tono kwal a cikin ma'adinin Alabama.<ref name="Borchard">{{Cite web |last=Borchard |first=Edwin M. |year=1932 |title=Convicting the Innocent: Errors of Criminal Justice Case #48 |url=https://www.victimsofthestate.org/AL/Wilson.html |access-date=December 6, 2012 |website=www.victimsofthestate.org}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin hukunce-hukuncen da ba daidai ba a Amurka * Wilson v. Jihar, 191 Ala, 7, 67 So. 1010 (1915). * Bill of Exceptions, Kotun da'ira ta Oneonta County, Alabama. * Ayyukan Janar na Alabama, 1919, shafi na 79.&nbsp; * Rahoton Hukumar Gafartawa ta Alabama, Oktoba 1, 1917, shafi na 126.&nbsp; == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ayyh5prv7edawep8nx2cknnkn9rjb2q 0 148717 827761 2026-04-29T17:21:22Z M Bash Ne 12403 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345273442|Enefiok Essien]]" 827761 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Enefiok Essien''' listenⓘ ''' (SAN) ''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1960 a ƙaramar hukumar [[Ibiono-Ibom|Ibiono-Ibom, Akwa Ibom]]) sannan kuma[[farfesa]] ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], sannan [[lauya]] kuma Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Uyo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Theinknewspaper |date=2015-11-24 |title=Prof. Enefiok Essien: A worthy successor for UNIUYO leadership ~ Welcome to the Official Blog of THE INK Newspaper- Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. |url=http://theinknewspaper.blogspot.com.ng/2015/11/prof-enefiok-essien-worthy-successor.html |access-date=2017-08-30 |website=Prof. Enefiok Essien}}</ref> == Tarihi == An haifi Enefiok Effiong Essien a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1960 a ƙaramar hukumar [[Ibiono-Ibom]] ta Akwa Ibom . An haife shi a cikin iyalin Effiong Okon da Ayie-Ubok James Essien . == Ilimi == A shekara ta 1984, ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na Shari'a tare da girmamawa daga [[Jami'ar Calabar]], [[Najeriya]] . A shekara ta 1985 ya halarci [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya]], Legas kuma ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na shari'a na Kasuwanci kuma a shekarar 1988 ya halarci [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] inda ya kammala karatu tare le Master of Laws . A cikin shekara ta 1998 ya sami [[Law|doka]]-Dokta na Falsafa a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Birmingham, Ingila . == Ayyuka == Shi lauya ne, farfesa a fannin shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban [[Jami'ar Uyo]]. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == * ''Babban Lauyan Najeriya, SAN.'' == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] lp8wy0544bfoev6qai3lqhh9arm0i1w 827762 827761 2026-04-29T17:21:49Z M Bash Ne 12403 827762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Enefiok Essien''' listenⓘ ''' (SAN) ''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1960 a ƙaramar hukumar [[Ibiono-Ibom|Ibiono-Ibom, Akwa Ibom]]) sannan kuma[[farfesa]] ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], sannan [[lauya]] kuma Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Uyo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Theinknewspaper |date=2015-11-24 |title=Prof. Enefiok Essien: A worthy successor for UNIUYO leadership ~ Welcome to the Official Blog of THE INK Newspaper- Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. |url=http://theinknewspaper.blogspot.com.ng/2015/11/prof-enefiok-essien-worthy-successor.html |access-date=2017-08-30 |website=Prof. Enefiok Essien}}</ref> == Tarihi == An haifi Enefiok Effiong Essien a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1960 a ƙaramar hukumar [[Ibiono-Ibom]] ta Akwa Ibom . An haife shi a cikin iyalin Effiong Okon da Ayie-Ubok James Essien . == Ilimi == A shekara ta 1984, ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na Shari'a tare da girmamawa daga [[Jami'ar Calabar]], [[Najeriya]] . A shekara ta 1985 ya halarci [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya]], Legas kuma ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na shari'a na Kasuwanci kuma a shekarar 1988 ya halarci [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] inda ya kammala karatu tare le Master of Laws . A cikin shekara ta 1998 ya sami [[Law|doka]]-Dokta na Falsafa a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Birmingham, Ingila . == Ayyuka == Shi lauya ne, farfesa a fannin shari'a kuma mataimakin shugaban [[Jami'ar Uyo]]. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == * ''Babban Lauyan Najeriya, SAN.'' == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] 409d2lm545g8y0lxowlofy7xqhqr4xh 0 148718 827764 2026-04-29T17:28:21Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1331949467|Johannes Driesch]]" 827764 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Driesch-Selfportrait.jpg|thumb|278x278px|Hoton kai tare da Matar (1925) ]] [[Fayil:Johannes_Driesch_Der_Töpfer_und_sein_Schutzengel.jpg|thumb|417x417px|The Potter and His Guardian Angel (Erich Dieckmann (mai tsara kayan gida) tare da Driesch da iyalinsa) ]] '''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na Johannes Driesch''' (21 Nuwamba 1901, [[Krefeld]] - 18 Fabrairu 1930, [[Erfurt]]) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus, mai zane-zanen zane, masanin yumbu da kuma mai tsara murfin littafi. Abubuwan da ya fi so sune matarsa, Lydia, da yaransu. == Tarihin rayuwa == Ya fito ne daga babban dangin ma'aikata kuma ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai horar da dutse a Krefeld, sannan ya shafe watanni uku a [[Kunstgewerbeschule]] a can. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1919, ya shiga cikin darussan shirye-shirye a Staatliche Bauhaus a Weimar, inda ya yi karatu tare da Johannes Itten da Lyonel Feininger . A cikin 1920, ya tafi bitar tukwane a Bauhaus a Dornburg . Malamansa na farko a can sune Gerhard Marcks da [[Max Krehan]] . A shekara mai zuwa, ya auri Lydia Foucar (1895-1980), ɗalibar da ya sadu da ita a Munich a shekara da ta gabata. Suna da 'ya'ya hudu tare, wanda ya kawo karatunsu zuwa farkon ƙarshe, yayin da dole ne su kafa kasuwancin iyali don samar da kudin shiga. A shekara ta 1922, ya bar tukwane kuma ya mai zane-zane, tare da goyon bayan Marcks da masanin tarihin fasaha, {{Interlanguage link|Walter Kaesbach|de}} [de]. Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da karatunsa da kansa, yana kwafin Tsohon Masters. Bayan yunkurin da bai yi nasara ba don samun Farfesa a [[Düsseldorf]], shi da iyalinsa sun koma [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt da Main]] a 1928 kuma sun buɗe ɗakin karatu a can. Ya mutu shekaru biyu bayan haka, bayan ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya, yayin da yake aiki a kwamiti a Erfurt. Gwamnatin Nazi ta kwace mafi yawan ayyukansa a shekarar 1935, bayan an rarraba su a matsayin "ƙwarewar lalacewa". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * (in German)Dankmar Trier: Driesch, Johannes. A cikin:Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon. == Haɗin waje == {{Commons category-inline|Johannes Driesch}} * Literature by and about Johannes Driescha cikinLaburaren Kasa na Jamuskatako [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1901]] gr5yug4bht7je3a6hcith3zpcnhk428 827765 827764 2026-04-29T17:29:33Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 827765 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Driesch-Selfportrait.jpg|thumb|278x278px|Hoton kai tare da Matar (1925) ]] [[Fayil:Johannes_Driesch_Der_Töpfer_und_sein_Schutzengel.jpg|thumb|417x417px|The Potter and His Guardian Angel (Erich Dieckmann (mai tsara kayan gida) tare da Driesch da iyalinsa) ]] '''Johannes Driesch''' (21 Nuwamba 1901, [[Krefeld]] - 18 Fabrairu 1930, [[Erfurt]]) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus, mai zane-zanen zane, masanin yumbu da kuma mai tsara murfin littafi. Abubuwan da ya fi so sune matarsa, Lydia, da yaransu. == Tarihin rayuwa == Ya fito ne daga babban dangin ma'aikata kuma ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai horar da dutse a Krefeld, sannan ya shafe watanni uku a [[Kunstgewerbeschule]] a can. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1919, ya shiga cikin darussan shirye-shirye a Staatliche Bauhaus a Weimar, inda ya yi karatu tare da Johannes Itten da Lyonel Feininger . A cikin 1920, ya tafi bitar tukwane a Bauhaus a Dornburg . Malamansa na farko a can sune Gerhard Marcks da [[Max Krehan]] . A shekara mai zuwa, ya auri Lydia Foucar (1895-1980), ɗalibar da ya sadu da ita a Munich a shekara da ta gabata. Suna da 'ya'ya hudu tare, wanda ya kawo karatunsu zuwa farkon ƙarshe, yayin da dole ne su kafa kasuwancin iyali don samar da kudin shiga. A shekara ta 1922, ya bar tukwane kuma ya mai zane-zane, tare da goyon bayan Marcks da masanin tarihin fasaha, {{Interlanguage link|Walter Kaesbach|de}} [de]. Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da karatunsa da kansa, yana kwafin Tsohon Masters. Bayan yunkurin da bai yi nasara ba don samun Farfesa a [[Düsseldorf]], shi da iyalinsa sun koma [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt da Main]] a 1928 kuma sun buɗe ɗakin karatu a can. Ya mutu shekaru biyu bayan haka, bayan ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya, yayin da yake aiki a kwamiti a Erfurt. Gwamnatin Nazi ta kwace mafi yawan ayyukansa a shekarar 1935, bayan an rarraba su a matsayin "ƙwarewar lalacewa". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * (in German)Dankmar Trier: Driesch, Johannes. A cikin:Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon. == Haɗin waje == {{Commons category-inline|Johannes Driesch}} * Literature by and about Johannes Driescha cikinLaburaren Kasa na Jamuskatako [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1901]] fuhpdj2hki4lzleqa3msccxo29efo95 827766 827765 2026-04-29T17:29:55Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 827766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Driesch-Selfportrait.jpg|thumb|278x278px|Hoton kai tare da Matar (1925) ]] [[Fayil:Johannes_Driesch_Der_Töpfer_und_sein_Schutzengel.jpg|thumb|417x417px|The Potter and His Guardian Angel (Erich Dieckmann (mai tsara kayan gida) tare da Driesch da iyalinsa) ]] '''Johannes Driesch''' (21 Nuwamba 1901, [[Krefeld]] - 18 Fabrairu 1930, [[Erfurt]]) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus, mai zane-zanen zane, masanin yumbu da kuma mai tsara murfin littafi. Abubuwan da ya fi so sune matarsa, Lydia, da yaransu. == Tarihin rayuwa == Ya fito ne daga babban dangin ma'aikata kuma ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai horar da dutse a Krefeld, sannan ya shafe watanni uku a [[Kunstgewerbeschule]] a can. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1919, ya shiga cikin darussan shirye-shirye a Staatliche Bauhaus a Weimar, inda ya yi karatu tare da Johannes Itten da Lyonel Feininger . A cikin 1920, ya tafi bitar tukwane a Bauhaus a Dornburg . Malamansa na farko a can sune Gerhard Marcks da [[Max Krehan]] . A shekara mai zuwa, ya auri Lydia Foucar (1895-1980), ɗalibar da ya sadu da ita a Munich a shekara da ta gabata. Suna da 'ya'ya hudu tare, wanda ya kawo karatunsu zuwa farkon ƙarshe, yayin da dole ne su kafa kasuwancin iyali don samar da kudin shiga. A shekara ta 1922, ya bar tukwane kuma ya mai zane-zane, tare da goyon bayan Marcks da masanin tarihin fasaha, {{Interlanguage link|Walter Kaesbach|de}} [de]. Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da karatunsa da kansa, yana kwafin Tsohon Masters. Bayan yunkurin da bai yi nasara ba don samun Farfesa a [[Düsseldorf]], shi da iyalinsa sun koma [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt da Main]] a 1928 kuma sun buɗe ɗakin karatu a can. Ya mutu shekaru biyu bayan haka, bayan ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya, yayin da yake aiki a kwamiti a Erfurt. Gwamnatin Nazi ta kwace mafi yawan ayyukansa a shekarar 1935, bayan an rarraba su a matsayin "ƙwarewar lalacewa". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * (in German)Dankmar Trier: Driesch, Johannes. A cikin:Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon. == Haɗin waje == {{Commons category-inline|Johannes Driesch}} * Literature by and about Johannes Driescha cikinLaburaren Kasa na Jamuskatako [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1901]] s9k72b0huuoa0sxnoog2qe9f9d2phls 827767 827766 2026-04-29T17:31:27Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 827767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Driesch-Selfportrait.jpg|thumb|278x278px|Hoton kai tare da Matar (1925) ]] [[Fayil:Johannes_Driesch_Der_Töpfer_und_sein_Schutzengel.jpg|thumb|417x417px|The Potter and His Guardian Angel (Erich Dieckmann (mai tsara kayan gida) tare da Driesch da iyalinsa) ]] '''Johannes Driesch''' (21 Nuwamba 1901, [[Krefeld]] - 18 Fabrairu 1930, [[Erfurt]]) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus, mai zane-zanen zane, masanin yumbu da kuma mai tsara murfin littafi. Abubuwan da ya fi so sune matarsa, Lydia, da yaransu. == Tarihin rayuwa == Ya fito ne daga babban dangin ma'aikata kuma ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai horar da dutse a Krefeld, sannan ya shafe watanni uku a [[Kunstgewerbeschule]] a can. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1919, ya shiga cikin darussan shirye-shirye a Staatliche Bauhaus a Weimar, inda ya yi karatu tare da Johannes Itten da Lyonel Feininger . A cikin 1920, ya tafi bitar tukwane a Bauhaus a Dornburg . Malamansa na farko a can sune Gerhard Marcks da [[Max Krehan]] . A shekara mai zuwa, ya auri Lydia Foucar (1895-1980), ɗalibar da ya sadu da ita a Munich a shekara da ta gabata.<ref>Magdalena Droste: [https://blog.klassik-stiftung.de/ueberleben-mit-formgebaeck/ ''Überleben mit Formgebäck''], bei [[Klassik Stiftung Weimar]], 26. September 2017</ref><ref>[http://www.friedrichsdorf.de/lebeninfriedrichsdorf/unserestadt/geschichte/persoenlichkeiten/lydiadriesch.php ''Lydia Driesch-Foucar''], bei: [[Friedrichsdorf]], Website</ref> Suna da 'ya'ya hudu tare, wanda ya kawo karatunsu zuwa farkon ƙarshe, yayin da dole ne su kafa kasuwancin iyali don samar da kudin shiga. A shekara ta 1922, ya bar tukwane kuma ya mai zane-zane, tare da goyon bayan Marcks da masanin tarihin fasaha, {{Interlanguage link|Walter Kaesbach|de}} [de]. Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da karatunsa da kansa, yana kwafin Tsohon Masters. Bayan yunkurin da bai yi nasara ba don samun Farfesa a [[Düsseldorf]], shi da iyalinsa sun koma [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt da Main]] a 1928 kuma sun buɗe ɗakin karatu a can. Ya mutu shekaru biyu bayan haka, bayan ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya, yayin da yake aiki a kwamiti a Erfurt. Gwamnatin Nazi ta kwace mafi yawan ayyukansa a shekarar 1935, bayan an rarraba su a matsayin "ƙwarewar lalacewa". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * (in German)Dankmar Trier: Driesch, Johannes. A cikin:Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon. == Haɗin waje == {{Commons category-inline|Johannes Driesch}} * Literature by and about Johannes Driescha cikinLaburaren Kasa na Jamuskatako [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1901]] k7z28jv0zcu7n3t5y8cnrbzz3j8hh1i 827768 827767 2026-04-29T17:31:50Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 827768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|2}} [[Fayil:Driesch-Selfportrait.jpg|thumb|278x278px|Hoton kai tare da Matar (1925) ]] [[Fayil:Johannes_Driesch_Der_Töpfer_und_sein_Schutzengel.jpg|thumb|417x417px|The Potter and His Guardian Angel (Erich Dieckmann (mai tsara kayan gida) tare da Driesch da iyalinsa) ]] '''Johannes Driesch''' (21 Nuwamba 1901, [[Krefeld]] - 18 Fabrairu 1930, [[Erfurt]]) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus, mai zane-zanen zane, masanin yumbu da kuma mai tsara murfin littafi. Abubuwan da ya fi so sune matarsa, Lydia, da yaransu. == Tarihin rayuwa == Ya fito ne daga babban dangin ma'aikata kuma ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai horar da dutse a Krefeld, sannan ya shafe watanni uku a [[Kunstgewerbeschule]] a can. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1919, ya shiga cikin darussan shirye-shirye a Staatliche Bauhaus a Weimar, inda ya yi karatu tare da Johannes Itten da Lyonel Feininger . A cikin 1920, ya tafi bitar tukwane a Bauhaus a Dornburg . Malamansa na farko a can sune Gerhard Marcks da [[Max Krehan]] . A shekara mai zuwa, ya auri Lydia Foucar (1895-1980), ɗalibar da ya sadu da ita a Munich a shekara da ta gabata.<ref>Magdalena Droste: [https://blog.klassik-stiftung.de/ueberleben-mit-formgebaeck/ ''Überleben mit Formgebäck''], bei [[Klassik Stiftung Weimar]], 26. September 2017</ref><ref>[http://www.friedrichsdorf.de/lebeninfriedrichsdorf/unserestadt/geschichte/persoenlichkeiten/lydiadriesch.php ''Lydia Driesch-Foucar''], bei: [[Friedrichsdorf]], Website</ref> Suna da 'ya'ya hudu tare, wanda ya kawo karatunsu zuwa farkon ƙarshe, yayin da dole ne su kafa kasuwancin iyali don samar da kudin shiga. A shekara ta 1922, ya bar tukwane kuma ya mai zane-zane, tare da goyon bayan Marcks da masanin tarihin fasaha, {{Interlanguage link|Walter Kaesbach|de}} [de]. Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da karatunsa da kansa, yana kwafin Tsohon Masters. Bayan yunkurin da bai yi nasara ba don samun Farfesa a [[Düsseldorf]], shi da iyalinsa sun koma [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt da Main]] a 1928 kuma sun buɗe ɗakin karatu a can. Ya mutu shekaru biyu bayan haka, bayan ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya, yayin da yake aiki a kwamiti a Erfurt. Gwamnatin Nazi ta kwace mafi yawan ayyukansa a shekarar 1935, bayan an rarraba su a matsayin "ƙwarewar lalacewa". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * (in German)Dankmar Trier: Driesch, Johannes. A cikin:Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon. == Haɗin waje == {{Commons category-inline|Johannes Driesch}} * Literature by and about Johannes Driescha cikinLaburaren Kasa na Jamuskatako [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1901]] 911w82dedmcotmz36n33ygl67th921p 827769 827768 2026-04-29T17:33:08Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Ƙarin karantawa */ 827769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|2}} [[Fayil:Driesch-Selfportrait.jpg|thumb|278x278px|Hoton kai tare da Matar (1925) ]] [[Fayil:Johannes_Driesch_Der_Töpfer_und_sein_Schutzengel.jpg|thumb|417x417px|The Potter and His Guardian Angel (Erich Dieckmann (mai tsara kayan gida) tare da Driesch da iyalinsa) ]] '''Johannes Driesch''' (21 Nuwamba 1901, [[Krefeld]] - 18 Fabrairu 1930, [[Erfurt]]) ya kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus, mai zane-zanen zane, masanin yumbu da kuma mai tsara murfin littafi. Abubuwan da ya fi so sune matarsa, Lydia, da yaransu. == Tarihin rayuwa == Ya fito ne daga babban dangin ma'aikata kuma ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai horar da dutse a Krefeld, sannan ya shafe watanni uku a [[Kunstgewerbeschule]] a can. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1919, ya shiga cikin darussan shirye-shirye a Staatliche Bauhaus a Weimar, inda ya yi karatu tare da Johannes Itten da Lyonel Feininger . A cikin 1920, ya tafi bitar tukwane a Bauhaus a Dornburg . Malamansa na farko a can sune Gerhard Marcks da [[Max Krehan]] . A shekara mai zuwa, ya auri Lydia Foucar (1895-1980), ɗalibar da ya sadu da ita a Munich a shekara da ta gabata.<ref>Magdalena Droste: [https://blog.klassik-stiftung.de/ueberleben-mit-formgebaeck/ ''Überleben mit Formgebäck''], bei [[Klassik Stiftung Weimar]], 26. September 2017</ref><ref>[http://www.friedrichsdorf.de/lebeninfriedrichsdorf/unserestadt/geschichte/persoenlichkeiten/lydiadriesch.php ''Lydia Driesch-Foucar''], bei: [[Friedrichsdorf]], Website</ref> Suna da 'ya'ya hudu tare, wanda ya kawo karatunsu zuwa farkon ƙarshe, yayin da dole ne su kafa kasuwancin iyali don samar da kudin shiga. A shekara ta 1922, ya bar tukwane kuma ya mai zane-zane, tare da goyon bayan Marcks da masanin tarihin fasaha, {{Interlanguage link|Walter Kaesbach|de}} [de]. Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da karatunsa da kansa, yana kwafin Tsohon Masters. Bayan yunkurin da bai yi nasara ba don samun Farfesa a [[Düsseldorf]], shi da iyalinsa sun koma [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt da Main]] a 1928 kuma sun buɗe ɗakin karatu a can. Ya mutu shekaru biyu bayan haka, bayan ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya, yayin da yake aiki a kwamiti a Erfurt. Gwamnatin Nazi ta kwace mafi yawan ayyukansa a shekarar 1935, bayan an rarraba su a matsayin "ƙwarewar lalacewa". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{AKL|29|446||Driesch, Johannes|Dankmar Trier}} * Cornelia Nowak, Michael Siebenbrodt (Eds.): ''Johannes Driesch – Vom Bauhaus nach Arkadien''. Exhibition catalog, Kunstsammlungen zu Weimar/Bauhaus-Museum (2001) {{ISBN|3-929323-20-6}} * Klaus Weber, Daniela Sannwald (Eds.): ''Keramik und Bauhaus. Geschichte und Wirkungen der keramischen Werkstatt des Bauhauses''. Exhibition catalog. Berlin : Kupfergraben, 1989 == Haɗin waje == {{Commons category-inline|Johannes Driesch}} * Literature by and about Johannes Driescha cikinLaburaren Kasa na Jamuskatako [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1901]] 0wdn37cbxcj0j1q30555oozc35jd0up 0 148719 827770 2026-04-29T17:43:38Z M Bash Ne 12403 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345026354|Olusegun Adeniyi]]" 827770 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olusegun Adeniyi''' Listenⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1965) ɗan jaridar Najeriya ne, shugaban kwamitin edita na yanzu na jaridu na ThisDay kuma tsohon mai magana da yawun shugaban ƙasa ga marigayi Shugaba [[Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olusegun Adeniyi |date= |title=Discussions on Pragmatic steps to moving Nigeria forward- How Understanding & Building the Right Institutions is Driving the Growth of Nations and Understanding the New Global Economy: How the internet, Social Media & Technology is Driving Business & Entrepreneurship |url=http://www.theplatformnigeria.com/sites/2012/oct/olusegun-adeniyi/ |access-date=2015-04-28 |publisher=The Platform Nigeria 10.1 & 10.2}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeniyi a Ile-Ife, [[Najeriya]] . Ya kasance mai riƙe da BSc na shekarar 1989 a cikin Harkokin Ƙasashen Duniya daga [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]], Ile-Ife tare da Masters na shekarar 1997 a cikin Shari'ar Ƙasa da Ƙasa da diflomasiyya (MILD) daga Jami'an Legas, kuma ya kasance Fellow a Cibiyar Weatherhead don Harkokin Kasuwanci, [[Jami'ar Harvard]] a cikin zaman ilimi na shekarar 2010/2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-05-30 |title=Olusegun Adeniyi, Chairman of the Editorial Board, ThisDay &#124; The Future Project |url=http://thefutureafrica.com/menu/olusegun-adeniyi/ |access-date=2015-04-28 |publisher=Thefutureafrica.com}}</ref> Ya gudanar da bincikensa kan abubuwan da ke tsara zaɓen shugaban ƙasa a Afirka. == Ayyuka == Ya fara aikin jarida a matsayin mai ba da rahoto tare da jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|The Guardian]]'' a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1990. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1992, ya bar ya shiga mujallar Concord ta Afirka da ke hutawa yanzu a matsayin Babban Mawallafin Ma'aikata kuma a watan Satumba na wannan shekarar, an naɗa shi Babban Ofishin Abuja na mujallar tare da takardar shaidar don rufe Gidan Jiha. Adeniyi, wanda ya shiga jaridar ThisDay a watan Janairun shekarar 1999 a matsayin Mataimakin Edita na jaridar Asabar, ya tashi ya zama edita na Lahadi THISDAY kuma a watan Agustan shekara ta 2005, an nada shi edita na takardar taken THISDAJ. A ranar 30 ga Mayun shekara ta 2007, marigayi Shugaba Umaru Musa Yar"Adua ya naɗa shi ya zama Mai ba da shawara na Musamman kan kafofin watsa labarai da talla, matsayin da ya riƙe har sai da Yar"Aduwa mutu a ranar 5 ga Mayun shekarar 2010. Tun daga wannan lokacin ya rubuta game da kwarewarsa yana aiki ga marigayi shugaban.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Category: ARTICLES |date=2014-08-24 |title=Power, Politics and Death: Confession of Yaradua's Segun Adeniyi |url=http://elombah.com/index.php/articles-mainmenu/25182-power-politics-and-death-confession-of-yaradua-s-segun-adeniyi |access-date=2015-04-28 |publisher=Elombah.com}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026}}</ref> A watan Yulin shekarar 2007, Adeniyi ya halarci Shirin Jagorancin Baƙi na Duniya wanda Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta shirya. Ya kuma kasance Fellow a Cibiyar Weatherhead don Harkokin Ƙasa da Ƙasa, Jami'ar Harvard a cikin zaman ilimi na shekarar 2010/2011. A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban kwamitin edita na jaridu na ThisDay . Wani ɗan'uwan Nigeria Leadership Initiative (NLI), Adeniyi kuma memba ne na kafa Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyar Mahimmanci ta Najeriya (NEITI). == Rayuwa ta mutum == Adeniyi ya yi aure, yana da 'ya'ya guda uku. == Littattafai == Adeniyi shine marubucin littattafai masu zuwa kamar haka: * ''Kwanaki 100 na ƙarshe na Abacha'' * ''Ayyukan Abiola'' * ''Ginin da ke kan Quicksand'' * ''POLITRICKS: Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a karkashin mulkin kama karya na Soja'' * ''Ikon, Siyasa da Mutuwa: Labarin gaba na Najeriya a karkashin marigayi Shugaba Yar"Adua'' * ''A kan Run of Play: Yadda aka ci wani shugaban kasa a Najeriya'' * ''Daga Fry Pan zuwa Wuta''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=December 31, 2019 |title='Afonja', 'Be(com)ing Nigerian' – The Top Nigerian Books Of 2019 |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/12/31/afonja-becoming-nigerian-the-top-nigerian-books-of-2019/ |access-date=August 15, 2021 |via=[[Channels Television]]}}</ref> * ''Cin zarafin tsirara: Jima'i don Matsayi a Jami'o'in Afirka'' == Kyaututtuka == * 1992 Kyautar Jakande ko Mai ba da rahoto na siyasa na shekara a Kyautar Kyautar Media Merit ta Najeriya (NMMA) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Yan jaridar Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 1xili41ci5ggrsbnc3tae3sg9en4mom 827771 827770 2026-04-29T17:44:14Z M Bash Ne 12403 827771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Olusegun Adeniyi''' Listenⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1965) ɗan jaridar Najeriya ne, shugaban kwamitin edita na yanzu na jaridu na ThisDay kuma tsohon mai magana da yawun shugaban ƙasa ga marigayi Shugaba [[Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olusegun Adeniyi |date= |title=Discussions on Pragmatic steps to moving Nigeria forward- How Understanding & Building the Right Institutions is Driving the Growth of Nations and Understanding the New Global Economy: How the internet, Social Media & Technology is Driving Business & Entrepreneurship |url=http://www.theplatformnigeria.com/sites/2012/oct/olusegun-adeniyi/ |access-date=2015-04-28 |publisher=The Platform Nigeria 10.1 & 10.2}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeniyi a Ile-Ife, [[Najeriya]] . Ya kasance mai riƙe da BSc na shekarar 1989 a cikin Harkokin Ƙasashen Duniya daga [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]], Ile-Ife tare da Masters na shekarar 1997 a cikin Shari'ar Ƙasa da Ƙasa da diflomasiyya (MILD) daga Jami'an Legas, kuma ya kasance Fellow a Cibiyar Weatherhead don Harkokin Kasuwanci, [[Jami'ar Harvard]] a cikin zaman ilimi na shekarar 2010/2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-05-30 |title=Olusegun Adeniyi, Chairman of the Editorial Board, ThisDay &#124; The Future Project |url=http://thefutureafrica.com/menu/olusegun-adeniyi/ |access-date=2015-04-28 |publisher=Thefutureafrica.com}}</ref> Ya gudanar da bincikensa kan abubuwan da ke tsara zaɓen shugaban ƙasa a Afirka. == Ayyuka == Ya fara aikin jarida a matsayin mai ba da rahoto tare da jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|The Guardian]]'' a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1990. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1992, ya bar ya shiga mujallar Concord ta Afirka da ke hutawa yanzu a matsayin Babban Mawallafin Ma'aikata kuma a watan Satumba na wannan shekarar, an naɗa shi Babban Ofishin Abuja na mujallar tare da takardar shaidar don rufe Gidan Jiha. Adeniyi, wanda ya shiga jaridar ThisDay a watan Janairun shekarar 1999 a matsayin Mataimakin Edita na jaridar Asabar, ya tashi ya zama edita na Lahadi THISDAY kuma a watan Agustan shekara ta 2005, an nada shi edita na takardar taken THISDAJ. A ranar 30 ga Mayun shekara ta 2007, marigayi Shugaba Umaru Musa Yar"Adua ya naɗa shi ya zama Mai ba da shawara na Musamman kan kafofin watsa labarai da talla, matsayin da ya riƙe har sai da Yar"Aduwa mutu a ranar 5 ga Mayun shekarar 2010. Tun daga wannan lokacin ya rubuta game da kwarewarsa yana aiki ga marigayi shugaban.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Category: ARTICLES |date=2014-08-24 |title=Power, Politics and Death: Confession of Yaradua's Segun Adeniyi |url=http://elombah.com/index.php/articles-mainmenu/25182-power-politics-and-death-confession-of-yaradua-s-segun-adeniyi |access-date=2015-04-28 |publisher=Elombah.com}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026}}</ref> A watan Yulin shekarar 2007, Adeniyi ya halarci Shirin Jagorancin Baƙi na Duniya wanda Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta shirya. Ya kuma kasance Fellow a Cibiyar Weatherhead don Harkokin Ƙasa da Ƙasa, Jami'ar Harvard a cikin zaman ilimi na shekarar 2010/2011. A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban kwamitin edita na jaridu na ThisDay . Wani ɗan'uwan Nigeria Leadership Initiative (NLI), Adeniyi kuma memba ne na kafa Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyar Mahimmanci ta Najeriya (NEITI). == Rayuwa ta mutum == Adeniyi ya yi aure, yana da 'ya'ya guda uku. == Littattafai == Adeniyi shine marubucin littattafai masu zuwa kamar haka: * ''Kwanaki 100 na ƙarshe na Abacha'' * ''Ayyukan Abiola'' * ''Ginin da ke kan Quicksand'' * ''POLITRICKS: Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a karkashin mulkin kama karya na Soja'' * ''Ikon, Siyasa da Mutuwa: Labarin gaba na Najeriya a karkashin marigayi Shugaba Yar"Adua'' * ''A kan Run of Play: Yadda aka ci wani shugaban kasa a Najeriya'' * ''Daga Fry Pan zuwa Wuta''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=December 31, 2019 |title='Afonja', 'Be(com)ing Nigerian' – The Top Nigerian Books Of 2019 |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/12/31/afonja-becoming-nigerian-the-top-nigerian-books-of-2019/ |access-date=August 15, 2021 |via=[[Channels Television]]}}</ref> * ''Cin zarafin tsirara: Jima'i don Matsayi a Jami'o'in Afirka'' == Kyaututtuka == * 1992 Kyautar Jakande ko Mai ba da rahoto na siyasa na shekara a Kyautar Kyautar Media Merit ta Najeriya (NMMA) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Yan jaridar Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 52qt8wzendj9om6hsg6rmfy3wgflynf 0 148720 827772 2026-04-29T17:55:44Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:2019-06-11 Fußball, Männer, Länderspiel, Deutschland-Estland StP 2073 LR10 by Stepro.jpg|thumb|250x250px]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Thilo Kehrer | hoto = Thilo Kehrer 2022.jpg | cikakken_suna = Thilo Kehrer | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1996|9|21}} | wurin_haihuwa = Tübingen, Jamus | tsawo = 1.86 m | matsayi = Mai tsaron baya | kulob_na_yanzu = West Ham United | lamba = 24 }} '''Thilo Kehrer''' (an haife shi ranar 21 ga Satumba, 1996) ɗan wasan... 827772 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:2019-06-11 Fußball, Männer, Länderspiel, Deutschland-Estland StP 2073 LR10 by Stepro.jpg|thumb|250x250px]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Thilo Kehrer | hoto = Thilo Kehrer 2022.jpg | cikakken_suna = Thilo Kehrer | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1996|9|21}} | wurin_haihuwa = Tübingen, Jamus | tsawo = 1.86 m | matsayi = Mai tsaron baya | kulob_na_yanzu = West Ham United | lamba = 24 }} '''Thilo Kehrer''' (an haife shi ranar 21 ga Satumba, 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga kulob din West Ham United da kuma tawagar ƙasar Jamus. Ya shahara saboda iya taka rawar gani a wurare daban-daban na tsaron baya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thilo Kehrer Profile|url=https://www.whufc.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Thilo Kehrer a garin Tübingen na ƙasar Jamus, amma ya yi girma a Faransa. Wannan haɗin al'adu biyu ya taimaka masa wajen haɓaka kwarewa a ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami.<ref>{{cite web|title=Early life of Thilo Kehrer|url=https://www.bundesliga.com}}</ref> == Aikin Kulob == === Schalke 04 === Kehrer ya fara sana'ar ƙwallon ƙafarsa a makarantar koyon matasa ta Schalke 04, inda ya fara buga wa manyan 'yan wasa wasa a shekarar 2016. Ya zama muhimmin ɗan wasa a tsaron ƙungiyar saboda ƙwarewarsa da jajircewarsa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kehrer at Schalke|url=https://www.kicker.de}}</ref> === Paris Saint-Germain === A shekarar 2018, ya koma kulob din [[Paris Saint-Germain]] (PSG) a [[Faransa]]. A PSG, ya lashe kofuna da dama ciki har da Ligue 1, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tawagar.<ref>{{cite web|title=PSG signing Kehrer|url=https://www.psg.fr}}</ref> === West Ham United === A shekarar 2022, Kehrer ya koma [[West Ham United FC|West Ham]] United a gasar [[Premier League]] ta Ingila. Ya ci gaba da nuna ƙwarewarsa a matsayin mai tsaron baya mai iya taka leda a wurare da dama.<ref>{{cite web|title=West Ham transfer|url=https://www.whufc.com}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Kehrer ya wakilci Jamus a matakin matasa kafin ya fara bugawa babbar tawagar ƙasar wasa. Ya shiga cikin tawagar Jamus a gasa daban-daban na ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Germany national team profile|url=https://www.dfb.de}}</ref> == Salon Wasa == An san Kehrer da ƙwarewarsa wajen tsaron baya, saurin motsi, da kuma iya taka leda a matsayin center-back ko full-back. Haka kuma yana da ƙarfi a fannin kare kwallaye da fara kai hari daga baya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Playing style|url=https://www.goal.com}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Paris Saint-Germain === * Ligue 1: 2018–19, 2019–20, 2021–22 * Coupe de France: 2019–20, 2020–21 * Coupe de la Ligue: 2019–20<ref>{{cite web|title=PSG trophies|url=https://www.psg.fr}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> pty06iuoubj8e2koaf7de8kr1bzrwbb 827827 827772 2026-04-29T20:21:48Z Mahuta 11340 827827 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:2019-06-11 Fußball, Männer, Länderspiel, Deutschland-Estland StP 2073 LR10 by Stepro.jpg|thumb|250x250px]] {{Databox}} '''Thilo Kehrer''' (an haife shi ranar 21 ga Satumba, 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga kulob din West Ham United da kuma tawagar ƙasar Jamus. Ya shahara saboda iya taka rawar gani a wurare daban-daban na tsaron baya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thilo Kehrer Profile|url=https://www.whufc.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Thilo Kehrer a garin Tübingen na ƙasar Jamus, amma ya yi girma a Faransa. Wannan haɗin al'adu biyu ya taimaka masa wajen haɓaka kwarewa a ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami.<ref>{{cite web|title=Early life of Thilo Kehrer|url=https://www.bundesliga.com}}</ref> == Aikin Kulob == === Schalke 04 === Kehrer ya fara sana'ar ƙwallon ƙafarsa a makarantar koyon matasa ta Schalke 04, inda ya fara buga wa manyan 'yan wasa wasa a shekarar 2016. Ya zama muhimmin ɗan wasa a tsaron ƙungiyar saboda ƙwarewarsa da jajircewarsa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kehrer at Schalke|url=https://www.kicker.de}}</ref> === Paris Saint-Germain === A shekarar 2018, ya koma kulob din [[Paris Saint-Germain]] (PSG) a [[Faransa]]. A PSG, ya lashe kofuna da dama ciki har da Ligue 1, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tawagar.<ref>{{cite web|title=PSG signing Kehrer|url=https://www.psg.fr}}</ref> === West Ham United === A shekarar 2022, Kehrer ya koma [[West Ham United FC|West Ham]] United a gasar [[Premier League]] ta Ingila. Ya ci gaba da nuna ƙwarewarsa a matsayin mai tsaron baya mai iya taka leda a wurare da dama.<ref>{{cite web|title=West Ham transfer|url=https://www.whufc.com}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Kehrer ya wakilci Jamus a matakin matasa kafin ya fara bugawa babbar tawagar ƙasar wasa. Ya shiga cikin tawagar Jamus a gasa daban-daban na ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Germany national team profile|url=https://www.dfb.de}}</ref> == Salon Wasa == An san Kehrer da ƙwarewarsa wajen tsaron baya, saurin motsi, da kuma iya taka leda a matsayin center-back ko full-back. Haka kuma yana da ƙarfi a fannin kare kwallaye da fara kai hari daga baya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Playing style|url=https://www.goal.com}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Paris Saint-Germain === * Ligue 1: 2018–19, 2019–20, 2021–22 * Coupe de France: 2019–20, 2020–21 * Coupe de la Ligue: 2019–20<ref>{{cite web|title=PSG trophies|url=https://www.psg.fr}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> 85d10uocijhjzxnzsslti0533dxexhp 0 148721 827773 2026-04-29T18:00:08Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Wolves take a corner.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Armel Bella-Kotchap | hoto = Armel Bella-Kotchap 2022.jpg | cikakken_suna = Armel Bella-Kotchap | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|2001|12|11}} | wurin_haihuwa = Paris, Faransa | kasa = Jamus | tsawo = 1.90 m | matsayi = Mai tsaron baya | kungiyar_yanzu = [[Southampton]] | lamba = 37 }} '''Armel Bella-Kotchap''' (an haife shi ranar 11 ga Disamba, 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda... 827773 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Wolves take a corner.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Armel Bella-Kotchap | hoto = Armel Bella-Kotchap 2022.jpg | cikakken_suna = Armel Bella-Kotchap | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|2001|12|11}} | wurin_haihuwa = Paris, Faransa | kasa = Jamus | tsawo = 1.90 m | matsayi = Mai tsaron baya | kungiyar_yanzu = [[Southampton]] | lamba = 37 }} '''Armel Bella-Kotchap''' (an haife shi ranar 11 ga Disamba, 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya. An haife shi a Faransa amma yana wakiltar ƙasar [[Jamus]] a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>Transfermarkt – Armel Bella-Kotchap Profile</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Bella-Kotchap a birnin Paris na ƙasar [[Faransa]], amma ya taso ne a Jamus inda ya fara harkar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Ya fito daga dangin da ke da asalin ƙasar Kamaru, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar zaɓar ƙasashen da zai wakilta.<ref>DFB Official Website – Player Biography</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == === VfL Bochum === Bella-Kotchap ya fara taka leda a ƙungiyar matasa ta VfL Bochum kafin daga bisani ya shiga babban rukuni a shekarar 2019. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa ƙungiyar ta samu daukaka zuwa [[Bundesliga]].<ref>Bundesliga Official Records</ref> === [[Southampton]] === A shekarar 2022, ya koma ƙungiyar [[Southampton]] ta Ingila inda ya fara nuna bajinta a gasar [[Premier League]]. Duk da ƙalubalen da ƙungiyar ta fuskanta, Bella-Kotchap ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ‘yan wasan tsaron baya.<ref>Premier League Player Stats</ref> == Aikin Kasa == Bella-Kotchap ya wakilci Jamus a matakin matasa kafin daga bisani ya samu damar taka leda a babbar ƙungiyar ƙasa. Ya fara buga wa Jamus wasa a shekarar 2022.<ref>German FA (DFB) Match Records</ref> == Salon Wasa == An san Bella-Kotchap da ƙarfi, sauri, da iya tsayawa kan abokin hamayya. Haka kuma yana da ƙwarewa wajen dakile hare-hare da kuma iya fara kai hari daga baya.<ref>Football Analysis Reports</ref> == Rayuwar Kai == Bella-Kotchap na da alaƙa da ƙasar Kamaru ta hanyar iyayensa, amma ya zaɓi wakiltar [[Jamus]] a fagen ƙasa da ƙasa. Yana ɗaya daga cikin matasan ‘yan wasan da ake sa ran za su yi fice a nan gaba.<ref>Player Interviews and Media Reports</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> tn1zeh4n2266uicq4u27pguip5zisyq 827817 827773 2026-04-29T20:05:51Z Mahuta 11340 827817 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Wolves take a corner.jpg|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''Armel Bella-Kotchap''' (an haife shi ranar 11 ga Disamba, 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya. An haife shi a Faransa amma yana wakiltar ƙasar [[Jamus]] a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>Transfermarkt – Armel Bella-Kotchap Profile</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Bella-Kotchap a birnin Paris na ƙasar [[Faransa]], amma ya taso ne a Jamus inda ya fara harkar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Ya fito daga dangin da ke da asalin ƙasar Kamaru, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar zaɓar ƙasashen da zai wakilta.<ref>DFB Official Website – Player Biography</ref> == Aikin Kungiya == === VfL Bochum === Bella-Kotchap ya fara taka leda a ƙungiyar matasa ta VfL Bochum kafin daga bisani ya shiga babban rukuni a shekarar 2019. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa ƙungiyar ta samu daukaka zuwa [[Bundesliga]].<ref>Bundesliga Official Records</ref> === [[Southampton]] === A shekarar 2022, ya koma ƙungiyar [[Southampton]] ta Ingila inda ya fara nuna bajinta a gasar [[Premier League]]. Duk da ƙalubalen da ƙungiyar ta fuskanta, Bella-Kotchap ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ‘yan wasan tsaron baya.<ref>Premier League Player Stats</ref> == Aikin Kasa == Bella-Kotchap ya wakilci Jamus a matakin matasa kafin daga bisani ya samu damar taka leda a babbar ƙungiyar ƙasa. Ya fara buga wa Jamus wasa a shekarar 2022.<ref>German FA (DFB) Match Records</ref> == Salon Wasa == An san Bella-Kotchap da ƙarfi, sauri, da iya tsayawa kan abokin hamayya. Haka kuma yana da ƙwarewa wajen dakile hare-hare da kuma iya fara kai hari daga baya.<ref>Football Analysis Reports</ref> == Rayuwar Kai == Bella-Kotchap na da alaƙa da ƙasar Kamaru ta hanyar iyayensa, amma ya zaɓi wakiltar [[Jamus]] a fagen ƙasa da ƙasa. Yana ɗaya daga cikin matasan ‘yan wasan da ake sa ran za su yi fice a nan gaba.<ref>Player Interviews and Media Reports</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> 25deydxap4oywkc4qhey5u5ys18yl96 0 148722 827774 2026-04-29T18:03:18Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Milan Lecce 2023 Thiaw.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Malick Thiaw | hoto = Malick Thiaw 2022.jpg | cikakken_suna = Malick Laye Thiaw | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|2001|8|8}} | wurin_haihuwa = Düsseldorf, Jamus | tsawo = 1.94 m | matsayi = Mai tsaron baya | kulob_na_yanzu = AC Milan | lamba = 28 | matasa_kulob1 = Fortuna Düsseldorf | matasa_kulob2 = Bayer Leverkusen | matasa_kulob3 = Schalke 04 | shekaru1 = 2020–2022 | kulob1 = Schalke 04 |... 827774 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Milan Lecce 2023 Thiaw.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Malick Thiaw | hoto = Malick Thiaw 2022.jpg | cikakken_suna = Malick Laye Thiaw | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|2001|8|8}} | wurin_haihuwa = Düsseldorf, Jamus | tsawo = 1.94 m | matsayi = Mai tsaron baya | kulob_na_yanzu = AC Milan | lamba = 28 | matasa_kulob1 = Fortuna Düsseldorf | matasa_kulob2 = Bayer Leverkusen | matasa_kulob3 = Schalke 04 | shekaru1 = 2020–2022 | kulob1 = Schalke 04 | wasanni1 = 57 | kwallaye1 = 3 | shekaru2 = 2022– | kulob2 = AC Milan | wasanni2 = 30 | kwallaye2 = 1 | kasa1 = Jamus U21 | wasanni_kasa1 = 10 | kwallaye_kasa1 = 0 | kasa2 = Jamus | wasanni_kasa2 = 3 | kwallaye_kasa2 = 0 }} '''Malick Laye Thiaw''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga ƙungiyar '''AC Milan''' a gasar Serie A, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Jamus. An san shi da ƙarfinsa, tsayinsa da kuma iya kare ƙwallo a iska.<ref>Transfermarkt Profile</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Malick Thiaw a Düsseldorf, [[Jamus]], yana da asalin ƙasar Senegal ta wajen mahaifinsa. Ya taso ne a Jamus inda ya fara koyon wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami.<ref>DFB Official Website</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Schalke 04 === Thiaw ya fara taka leda a matakin ƙwararru tare da Schalke 04 a shekarar 2020. Duk da ƙungiyar na fama da matsaloli a lokacin, ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a matsayin mai tsaron baya, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan 'yan wasa masu tasowa a [[Bundesliga]].<ref>Bundesliga Records</ref> === AC Milan === A shekarar 2022, ya koma AC Milan daga Schalke 04. A farkon lokacinsa, bai samu damar taka leda sosai ba, amma daga baya ya samu gurbi a cikin tawagar farko inda ya fara nuna ƙwarewarsa a gasar Serie A da kuma gasannin Turai.<ref>AC Milan Official</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == Thiaw ya wakilci Jamus a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 21 (U21) kafin daga baya a kira shi cikin babbar ƙungiyar ƙasa. Ya fara buga wasa a matakin babbar ƙungiya a shekarar 2023.<ref>Germany National Team Data</ref> == Salon wasa == Malick Thiaw ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai tsaron baya mai ƙarfi da tsayi, wanda yake da kwarewa wajen dakatar da abokan hamayya, da kuma iya taka leda da ƙwallo daga baya. Haka kuma yana da kyau a bugun kai saboda tsayinsa.<ref>Player Analysis Report</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> bt6432u0sd7jq0c8frhmjkcuzzftcl9 0 148723 827775 2026-04-29T18:09:25Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:AC Milan.png|thumb]] [[Fayil:The San Siro Stadium before a match between AC Milan and SSC Napoli in December 2021.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:2009-08 Derby- AC Milan vs Inter at San Siro.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox kungiyar kwallon kafa | suna = Associazione Calcio Milan | gajeren_suna = AC Milan | lakabi = Rossoneri (Ja da Baki), Il Diavolo (Aljani) | kafa = 16 Disamba 1899 | fili = San Siro | birni = Milan, Italiya | shugaban_kungiya = Paolo Scaroni | koci = Stefano Pioli | gasar =... 827775 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:AC Milan.png|thumb]] [[Fayil:The San Siro Stadium before a match between AC Milan and SSC Napoli in December 2021.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:2009-08 Derby- AC Milan vs Inter at San Siro.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox kungiyar kwallon kafa | suna = Associazione Calcio Milan | gajeren_suna = AC Milan | lakabi = Rossoneri (Ja da Baki), Il Diavolo (Aljani) | kafa = 16 Disamba 1899 | fili = San Siro | birni = Milan, Italiya | shugaban_kungiya = Paolo Scaroni | koci = Stefano Pioli | gasar = Serie A | yanar_gizo = https://www.acmilan.com }} '''Associazione Calcio Milan''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''AC Milan''') ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar [[Italiya]] wadda ke da hedkwata a birnin Milan. An kafa ƙungiyar a ranar 16 Disamba 1899, kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin da suka fi samun nasara a duniya.<ref>AC Milan Official History</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa AC Milan ne da wani ɗan kasuwa ɗan Ingila mai suna Herbert Kilpin tare da wasu abokansa. Tun daga farkon kafuwarta, ƙungiyar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasar Italiya.<ref>Encyclopedia of Italian Football</ref> A shekarun farko, AC Milan ta lashe gasar Serie A sau da dama, wanda ya taimaka wajen kafa sunanta a matsayin babbar ƙungiya a Turai.<ref>Italian Serie A Records</ref> == Nasarori == AC Milan tana daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka fi lashe kofuna a duniya. Ta lashe gasar '''Serie A''' fiye da sau 18 da kuma '''UEFA Champions League''' sau 7.<ref>UEFA Official Records</ref> Har ila yau, ta lashe '''Coppa Italia''', '''Supercoppa Italiana''', da sauran kofuna na duniya kamar '''FIFA Club World Cup'''.<ref>FIFA Club Records</ref> == Filin wasa == AC Milan tana buga wasanninta a filin wasan '''San Siro''' wanda aka fi sani da Stadio Giuseppe Meazza. Filin yana da damar ɗaukar sama da mutane 75,000.<ref>San Siro Stadium Info</ref> AC Milan tana raba filin wasa da abokiyar hamayyarta Inter Milan.<ref>Italian Football Stadium Guide</ref> == Hamayya == Babbar hamayyar AC Milan ita ce da Inter Milan, wadda ake kira '''Derby della Madonnina'''. Wannan wasa na daga cikin manyan wasannin derby a duniya.<ref>Football Rivalries Book</ref> Haka kuma tana da hamayya da Juventus a gasar Serie A.<ref>Serie A Rivalries Analysis</ref> == Fitattun 'yan wasa == Wasu daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taba bugawa AC Milan sun hada da: * [[Paolo Maldini]] * Franco Baresi * Kaká * Andriy Shevchenko * [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]]<ref>AC Milan Legends</ref> == Alamar ƙungiya == Launin AC Milan ja da baki ne, wanda ke wakiltar ƙarfi da tsoro. Wannan ne ya sa ake kiran su '''Rossoneri'''.<ref>Club Identity Sources</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> 20rfncett8081c0uarktshv930e723c 827825 827775 2026-04-29T20:20:05Z Mahuta 11340 827825 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:AC Milan.png|thumb]] [[Fayil:The San Siro Stadium before a match between AC Milan and SSC Napoli in December 2021.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:2009-08 Derby- AC Milan vs Inter at San Siro.jpg|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''Associazione Calcio Milan''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''AC Milan''') ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar [[Italiya]] wadda ke da hedkwata a birnin Milan. An kafa ƙungiyar a ranar 16 Disamba 1899, kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin da suka fi samun nasara a duniya.<ref>AC Milan Official History</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa AC Milan ne da wani ɗan kasuwa ɗan Ingila mai suna Herbert Kilpin tare da wasu abokansa. Tun daga farkon kafuwarta, ƙungiyar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasar Italiya.<ref>Encyclopedia of Italian Football</ref> A shekarun farko, AC Milan ta lashe gasar Serie A sau da dama, wanda ya taimaka wajen kafa sunanta a matsayin babbar ƙungiya a Turai.<ref>Italian Serie A Records</ref> == Nasarori == AC Milan tana daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka fi lashe kofuna a duniya. Ta lashe gasar '''Serie A''' fiye da sau 18 da kuma '''UEFA Champions League''' sau 7.<ref>UEFA Official Records</ref> Har ila yau, ta lashe '''Coppa Italia''', '''Supercoppa Italiana''', da sauran kofuna na duniya kamar '''FIFA Club World Cup'''.<ref>FIFA Club Records</ref> == Filin wasa == AC Milan tana buga wasanninta a filin wasan '''San Siro''' wanda aka fi sani da Stadio Giuseppe Meazza. Filin yana da damar ɗaukar sama da mutane 75,000.<ref>San Siro Stadium Info</ref> AC Milan tana raba filin wasa da abokiyar hamayyarta Inter Milan.<ref>Italian Football Stadium Guide</ref> == Hamayya == Babbar hamayyar AC Milan ita ce da Inter Milan, wadda ake kira '''Derby della Madonnina'''. Wannan wasa na daga cikin manyan wasannin derby a duniya.<ref>Football Rivalries Book</ref> Haka kuma tana da hamayya da Juventus a gasar Serie A.<ref>Serie A Rivalries Analysis</ref> == Fitattun 'yan wasa == Wasu daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taba bugawa AC Milan sun hada da: * [[Paolo Maldini]] * Franco Baresi * Kaká * Andriy Shevchenko * [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]]<ref>AC Milan Legends</ref> == Alamar ƙungiya == Launin AC Milan ja da baki ne, wanda ke wakiltar ƙarfi da tsoro. Wannan ne ya sa ake kiran su '''Rossoneri'''.<ref>Club Identity Sources</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> ftxadqzacpjizji3tyoj2pr4kjyitfj 0 148724 827776 2026-04-29T18:14:44Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Ricardo Kaká in 2023.png|thumb]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Kaká | hoto = Kaká 2018.jpg | cikakken_suna = Ricardo Izecson dos Santos Leite | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1982|4|22}} | wurin_haihuwa = Brasília, Brazil | tsawo = 1.86 m | matsayi = Dan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari | kafa = Dama }} '''Ricardo Izecson dos Santos Leite''' (an haife shi ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1982), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kaká''', tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙa... 827776 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Ricardo Kaká in 2023.png|thumb]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Kaká | hoto = Kaká 2018.jpg | cikakken_suna = Ricardo Izecson dos Santos Leite | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1982|4|22}} | wurin_haihuwa = Brasília, Brazil | tsawo = 1.86 m | matsayi = Dan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari | kafa = Dama }} '''Ricardo Izecson dos Santos Leite''' (an haife shi ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1982), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kaká''', tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar [[Brazil]] wanda ya yi fice a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari. An san shi da [[fasaha]], sauri da kuma iya zura kwallaye daga nesa. Kaká yana daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan duniya a farkon shekarun 2000 zuwa 2010.<ref>FIFA Player Profile</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Kaká a birnin Brasília amma ya taso a São Paulo. Ya fito daga gida mai matsakaicin hali inda iyayensa suka ba shi damar yin karatu tare da wasa. A lokacin yana yaro, ya samu rauni mai tsanani a baya wanda ya kusa hana shi ci gaba da wasa, amma daga baya ya warke.<ref>Biography.com – Kaká</ref> == Ayyukan kulob == === [[São Paulo]] FC === Kaká ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru a ƙungiyar São Paulo FC a Brazil, inda ya nuna kwarewa sosai kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar lashe kofuna. Wannan ya ja hankalin manyan kulob na Turai.<ref>São Paulo Club Records</ref> === AC Milan === A shekara ta 2003, Kaká ya koma AC Milan a Italiya inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasa a duniya. Ya taimaka wa Milan lashe gasar UEFA Champions League a 2007 kuma ya lashe kyautar Ballon d'Or a shekarar nan.<ref>UEFA Records</ref> === [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] === A 2009, Kaká ya koma Real Madrid kan kudi mai yawa. Duk da cewa ya nuna hazaka, raunin da ya sha ya rage yawan wasannin da ya buga.<ref>Real Madrid Official</ref> === Komawa AC Milan da Orlando City === Daga baya ya koma AC Milan kafin ya koma Amurka ya buga wa Orlando City SC a Major League Soccer, inda ya zama tauraro kuma jagora ga kungiyar.<ref>MLS Official</ref> == Ayyukan kasa == Kaká ya taka rawa a tawagar ƙasar [[Brazil]], inda ya taka leda a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA da kuma Copa América. Ya taimaka wa [[Brazil]] lashe kofin duniya na 2002, kodayake bai taka rawa sosai a wancan lokaci ba.<ref>FIFA World Cup Records</ref> == Salon wasa == An san Kaká da gudu da iya sarrafa [[ƙwallo]] cikin sauri, tare da kwarewar zura kwallo daga nesa. Yana da ikon wuce ‘yan baya cikin sauƙi kuma yana da hangen nesa mai kyau a fili.<ref>ESPN Analysis</ref> == Nasarori == * Ballon d'Or: 2007 * [[UEFA Champions League]]: 2007 (AC Milan) * Serie A: 2004 (AC Milan) * FIFA World Cup: 2002 (Brazil)<ref>FIFA Awards</ref> == Rayuwa ta bayan wasa == Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, Kaká ya shiga harkokin kasuwanci da ayyukan jin kai. Har ila yau yana aiki a matsayin jakadan FIFA da sauran kungiyoyi.<ref>FIFA Ambassadors</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> 9mhfaho5wwhoj3ohuo56mdoojdq1fu9 0 148725 827777 2026-04-29T18:21:11Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:FIFA World Cup Trophy at National Football Museum, Manchester 02.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:The opening ceremony of the FIFA World Cup 2014 27.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:The opening ceremony of the FIFA World Cup 2014 44.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:The opening ceremony of the FIFA World Cup 2014 26.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:FIFA World Cup Trophy (Ank Kumar, Infosys Limited) 03.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox gasar kwallon kafa | suna = FIFA World Cup | kafa = 1930 | mai shirya = [[FIFA]] | nau'i = Gasar ƙw... 827777 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:FIFA World Cup Trophy at National Football Museum, Manchester 02.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:The opening ceremony of the FIFA World Cup 2014 27.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:The opening ceremony of the FIFA World Cup 2014 44.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:The opening ceremony of the FIFA World Cup 2014 26.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:FIFA World Cup Trophy (Ank Kumar, Infosys Limited) 03.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox gasar kwallon kafa | suna = FIFA World Cup | kafa = 1930 | mai shirya = [[FIFA]] | nau'i = Gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da ƙasa | yawan ƙungiyoyi = 32 (za su zama 48 daga 2026) | na yanzu = 2022 | zakara na ƙarshe = Argentina | mafi nasara = Brazil (5) }} '''FIFA World Cup''' gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta duniya da ake gudanarwa tsakanin ƙasashe mambobin [[FIFA]]. Ana gudanar da ita duk bayan shekara huɗu, kuma ita ce mafi girman gasar ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya. An fara gasar a shekarar 1930 a ƙasar Uruguay. <ref>FIFA Official History</ref> == Tarihi == An fara shirya FIFA World Cup ne bayan ƙoƙarin shugaban [[FIFA]] na wancan lokaci, Jules Rimet, domin samar da gasa ta duniya. Gasar farko ta gudana a shekarar 1930 inda Uruguay ta zama zakara. Tun daga lokacin, gasar ta ci gaba da bunƙasa har ta zama mafi shahara a wasannin duniya. <ref>History of the World Cup, FIFA.com</ref> Ba a gudanar da gasar a shekarun 1942 da 1946 ba saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]]. Bayan yaƙin, gasar ta dawo a 1950 a Brazil. <ref>World Cup Archive</ref> == Tsarin Gasar == Gasar FIFA World Cup tana da matakai biyu: * Matakin cancanta (qualifiers) * Babban gasar ƙarshe A halin yanzu, ƙasashe 32 ne ke shiga gasar, amma daga shekarar 2026 za a ƙara zuwa 48. Ana raba ƙungiyoyi zuwa rukuni (groups), sannan mafi kyau su wuce zuwa zagayen fitar da gasa (knockout stage). <ref>FIFA Competition Format</ref> == Manyan Nasarori == Ƙasashe da suka fi lashe gasar sun haɗa da: * Brazil – sau 5 * [[Jamus|Germany]] – sau 4 * Italy – sau 4 * Argentina – sau 3 Brazil ce ƙasa mafi nasara a tarihin gasar. <ref>FIFA Statistics</ref> == Muhimmanci == FIFA World Cup na da matuƙar muhimmanci saboda: * Yana haɗa al’ummomi daga sassa daban-daban na duniya * Yana ƙarfafa zaman lafiya da haɗin kai * Yana da babbar tasiri a tattalin arziƙi da al’adu Ana kallon gasar a duniya baki ɗaya tare da miliyoyin masu kallo. <ref>Global Viewership Report</ref> == Zakaran Karshe == A gasar ƙarshe ta 2022 da aka gudanar a Qatar, Argentina ta lashe kofin bayan ta doke [[Faransa]] a wasan ƙarshe. <ref>FIFA World Cup 2022 Final Report</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[FIFA]] * [[UEFA Champions League]] * [[Olympics]] == Manazarta == <references/> 99wd1s3ywpyokzj97lfbl15xd73zrqs 827824 827777 2026-04-29T20:18:47Z Mahuta 11340 827824 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:FIFA World Cup Trophy at National Football Museum, Manchester 02.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:The opening ceremony of the FIFA World Cup 2014 27.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:The opening ceremony of the FIFA World Cup 2014 44.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:The opening ceremony of the FIFA World Cup 2014 26.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:FIFA World Cup Trophy (Ank Kumar, Infosys Limited) 03.jpg|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''FIFA World Cup''' gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta duniya da ake gudanarwa tsakanin ƙasashe mambobin [[FIFA]]. Ana gudanar da ita duk bayan shekara huɗu, kuma ita ce mafi girman gasar ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya. An fara gasar a shekarar 1930 a ƙasar Uruguay. <ref>FIFA Official History</ref> == Tarihi == An fara shirya FIFA World Cup ne bayan ƙoƙarin shugaban [[FIFA]] na wancan lokaci, Jules Rimet, domin samar da gasa ta duniya. Gasar farko ta gudana a shekarar 1930 inda Uruguay ta zama zakara. Tun daga lokacin, gasar ta ci gaba da bunƙasa har ta zama mafi shahara a wasannin duniya. <ref>History of the World Cup, FIFA.com</ref> Ba a gudanar da gasar a shekarun 1942 da 1946 ba saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]]. Bayan yaƙin, gasar ta dawo a 1950 a Brazil. <ref>World Cup Archive</ref> == Tsarin Gasar == Gasar FIFA World Cup tana da matakai biyu: * Matakin cancanta (qualifiers) * Babban gasar ƙarshe A halin yanzu, ƙasashe 32 ne ke shiga gasar, amma daga shekarar 2026 za a ƙara zuwa 48. Ana raba ƙungiyoyi zuwa rukuni (groups), sannan mafi kyau su wuce zuwa zagayen fitar da gasa (knockout stage). <ref>FIFA Competition Format</ref> == Manyan Nasarori == Ƙasashe da suka fi lashe gasar sun haɗa da: * Brazil – sau 5 * [[Jamus|Germany]] – sau 4 * Italy – sau 4 * Argentina – sau 3 Brazil ce ƙasa mafi nasara a tarihin gasar. <ref>FIFA Statistics</ref> == Muhimmanci == FIFA World Cup na da matuƙar muhimmanci saboda: * Yana haɗa al’ummomi daga sassa daban-daban na duniya * Yana ƙarfafa zaman lafiya da haɗin kai * Yana da babbar tasiri a tattalin arziƙi da al’adu Ana kallon gasar a duniya baki ɗaya tare da miliyoyin masu kallo. <ref>Global Viewership Report</ref> == Zakaran Karshe == A gasar ƙarshe ta 2022 da aka gudanar a Qatar, Argentina ta lashe kofin bayan ta doke [[Faransa]] a wasan ƙarshe. <ref>FIFA World Cup 2022 Final Report</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[FIFA]] * [[UEFA Champions League]] * [[Olympics]] == Manazarta == <references/> gj8bn5892kdw43jvq6rm752wbl9st5m 0 148726 827779 2026-04-29T18:24:00Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348657327|Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa]]" 827779 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa''' (Al-Miskeen Bilahi) shi ne Babban Mufti na yanzu na [[Masarautar Ilorin]] kuma Mai mallakar Markaz Al-Amani Li-Tahliimil Arabiy Wal Islamiy School, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Abubakar |first=Jamiu |date=2022-04-13 |title=Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-11 |title=Double celebrations as Sheikh Onikijipa's scions marry Emir of Ilorin, Hussaini Mohammed's children - Muslim News Nigeria |url=https://muslimnews.com.ng/2025/01/11/double-celebrations-as-sheikh-onikijipas-scions-marry-emir-of-ilorin-hussaini-mohammeds-children/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1962 ga iyalin Onikijipa a Omoda, Ilorin Yamma Karamar Hukumar [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] ta Sheikh Umar Faruq, ɗan Sheikh Abdullah Onikijipi da Alhaja Aminat Faruq، 'yar Fadilat Sheikh Sa'adullahi, Imam na tsohuwar Masallacin Okekere a Oke-Male, Ilorin . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Orisile |first=Abiola |date=2018-05-21 |title=10 Popular Islamic Sheiks From KWARA State |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/10-popular-islamic-sheiks-from-kwara-state/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Sulaiman Faruq ya fara karatunsa na yau da kullun a shekarar 1969 a makarantar firamare ta Alore, Oke-Apomu, [[Ilorin]] inda ya sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko a shekarar 1974. <ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlabidun2021">Alabidun (2021-08-14). [https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ "Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin"]. ''IntercontinentalNews247''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ya fara karatunsa na Larabci da Musulunci a karkashin jagorancin mahaifinsa inda aka koya masa karatun [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani mai tsarki]] kuma daga baya ya shiga makarantar Alkur'an mai zurfi a Ataragba Compound, Agbaji a [[Ilorin]] tsakanin 1974 da 1979. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Orisile |first=Abiola |date=2018-05-21 |title=10 Popular Islamic Sheiks From KWARA State |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/10-popular-islamic-sheiks-from-kwara-state/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOrisile2018">Orisile, Abiola (2018-05-21). [https://www.citypeopleonline.com/10-popular-islamic-sheiks-from-kwara-state/ "10 Popular Islamic Sheiks From KWARA State"]. ''City People Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlabidun2021">Alabidun (2021-08-14). [https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ "Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin"]. ''IntercontinentalNews247''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 1979, Sulaiman Faruq ya ci gaba da ilimin Larabci da Islama a makarantar Darul-ulum Larabci le Islama, Ilorin kuma ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta farko a Larabci kuma a ilimin Islama a shekara ta 1983. <ref name=":1" /><ref name="Alabidun" /> Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa Cibiyar Horar da Larabci da Musulunci (Markaz), Agege, wanda mai ba da shawara, Sheikh Adam Abdullahi Al-Ilory ya kafa kuma ya kammala karatun sakandare a makarantar a shekarar 1986. Ya ci gaba da shiga Cibiyar Ilimi ta Addini da Halin, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], a shekarar 1998. Ya kammala karatu tare da difloma da difloma mafi girma a cikin Nazarin Addinin Musulunci a cikin 2000 da 2002 bi da bi.<ref name="Bolakale">{{Cite web |last=Bolakale |first=Oluwatoyin Luqman |date=2021-07-22 |title=Sheikh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: An Islamic Scholar Par Excellence - |url=https://www.thesatcommedia.com/sheikh-sulaiman-faruq-onikijipa-an-islamic-scholar-par-excellence/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Alabidun" /> Yana da takardar shaidar Doctorate a cikin Ayyukan Dan Adam a kwalejin Columbus a duniya, Neutron, [[Ingila]] a shekara ta 2005. Daga baya aka ba shi digiri na biyu a tushe na Ilimi na Addini da Halin, Legas, [[Najeriya]], da kuma digiri na farko a Nazarin Musulunci daga Jami'ar Pebble, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] a cikin 2007. <ref name="Bolakale">{{Cite web |last=Bolakale |first=Oluwatoyin Luqman |date=2021-07-22 |title=Sheikh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: An Islamic Scholar Par Excellence - |url=https://www.thesatcommedia.com/sheikh-sulaiman-faruq-onikijipa-an-islamic-scholar-par-excellence/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBolakale2021">Bolakale, Oluwatoyin Luqman (2021-07-22). [https://www.thesatcommedia.com/sheikh-sulaiman-faruq-onikijipa-an-islamic-scholar-par-excellence/ "Sheikh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: An Islamic Scholar Par Excellence -"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlabidun2021">Alabidun (2021-08-14). [https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ "Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin"]. ''IntercontinentalNews247''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ayyuka da Nasarar da aka samu == An nada Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa a matsayin Babban Mufti na 4 na [[Masarautar Ilorin]] ta Sarkin Masarautar, Babban Sarkinsa, Sheikh Alhaji [[Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari|Ibrahim Sulu Gambari]] (GCFR) a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Abubakar |first=Jamiu |date=2022-04-13 |title=Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAbubakar2022">Abubakar, Jamiu (2022-04-13). [https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ "Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like"]. ''City People Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2022, marigayi Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]], GCFR ya girmama shi da taken kasa na Order of the Niger (OON) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Voice |first=Muslim |date=2022-09-22 |title=Ilorin's Grand Mufti, Onikijipa, Set to Receive OON Award {{!}} The Muslim Voice, Nigeria |url=https://muslimvoice.com.ng/2022/09/22/ilorins-grand-mufti-onikijipa-set-to-receive-oon-award/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Iyali == Ya yi aure da farin ciki kuma yana da albarka tare da yara 6.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kehinde |first=Seye |date=2022-03-28 |title=City People Publisher Meets Sheikh FARUQ ONIKIJIPA |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/city-people-publisher-meets-sheikh-faruq-onikijipa/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] 9nscdekqws2ljsrg9rv5xps8uhnacg4 827780 827779 2026-04-29T18:25:06Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 827780 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa''' (Al-Miskeen Bilahi) shi ne Babban Mufti na yanzu na [[Masarautar Ilorin]] kuma Mai mallakar Markaz Al-Amani Li-Tahliimil Arabiy Wal Islamiy School, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Abubakar |first=Jamiu |date=2022-04-13 |title=Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-11 |title=Double celebrations as Sheikh Onikijipa's scions marry Emir of Ilorin, Hussaini Mohammed's children - Muslim News Nigeria |url=https://muslimnews.com.ng/2025/01/11/double-celebrations-as-sheikh-onikijipas-scions-marry-emir-of-ilorin-hussaini-mohammeds-children/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1962 ga iyalin Onikijipa a Omoda, Ilorin Yamma Karamar Hukumar [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] ta Sheikh Umar Faruq, ɗan Sheikh Abdullah Onikijipi da Alhaja Aminat Faruq، 'yar Fadilat Sheikh Sa'adullahi, Imam na tsohuwar Masallacin Okekere a Oke-Male, Ilorin . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Orisile |first=Abiola |date=2018-05-21 |title=10 Popular Islamic Sheiks From KWARA State |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/10-popular-islamic-sheiks-from-kwara-state/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Sulaiman Faruq ya fara karatunsa na yau da kullun a shekarar 1969 a makarantar firamare ta Alore, Oke-Apomu, [[Ilorin]] inda ya sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko a shekarar 1974. <ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlabidun2021">Alabidun (2021-08-14). [https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ "Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin"]. ''IntercontinentalNews247''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ya fara karatunsa na Larabci da Musulunci a karkashin jagorancin mahaifinsa inda aka koya masa karatun [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani mai tsarki]] kuma daga baya ya shiga makarantar Alkur'an mai zurfi a Ataragba Compound, Agbaji a [[Ilorin]] tsakanin 1974 da 1979. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Orisile |first=Abiola |date=2018-05-21 |title=10 Popular Islamic Sheiks From KWARA State |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/10-popular-islamic-sheiks-from-kwara-state/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOrisile2018">Orisile, Abiola (2018-05-21). [https://www.citypeopleonline.com/10-popular-islamic-sheiks-from-kwara-state/ "10 Popular Islamic Sheiks From KWARA State"]. ''City People Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlabidun2021">Alabidun (2021-08-14). [https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ "Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin"]. ''IntercontinentalNews247''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 1979, Sulaiman Faruq ya ci gaba da ilimin Larabci da Islama a makarantar Darul-ulum Larabci le Islama, Ilorin kuma ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta farko a Larabci kuma a ilimin Islama a shekara ta 1983. <ref name=":1" /><ref name="Alabidun" /> Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa Cibiyar Horar da Larabci da Musulunci (Markaz), Agege, wanda mai ba da shawara, Sheikh Adam Abdullahi Al-Ilory ya kafa kuma ya kammala karatun sakandare a makarantar a shekarar 1986. Ya ci gaba da shiga Cibiyar Ilimi ta Addini da Halin, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], a shekarar 1998. Ya kammala karatu tare da difloma da difloma mafi girma a cikin Nazarin Addinin Musulunci a cikin 2000 da 2002 bi da bi.<ref name="Bolakale">{{Cite web |last=Bolakale |first=Oluwatoyin Luqman |date=2021-07-22 |title=Sheikh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: An Islamic Scholar Par Excellence - |url=https://www.thesatcommedia.com/sheikh-sulaiman-faruq-onikijipa-an-islamic-scholar-par-excellence/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Alabidun" /> Yana da takardar shaidar Doctorate a cikin Ayyukan Dan Adam a kwalejin Columbus a duniya, Neutron, [[Ingila]] a shekara ta 2005. Daga baya aka ba shi digiri na biyu a tushe na Ilimi na Addini da Halin, Legas, [[Najeriya]], da kuma digiri na farko a Nazarin Musulunci daga Jami'ar Pebble, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] a cikin 2007. <ref name="Bolakale">{{Cite web |last=Bolakale |first=Oluwatoyin Luqman |date=2021-07-22 |title=Sheikh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: An Islamic Scholar Par Excellence - |url=https://www.thesatcommedia.com/sheikh-sulaiman-faruq-onikijipa-an-islamic-scholar-par-excellence/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBolakale2021">Bolakale, Oluwatoyin Luqman (2021-07-22). [https://www.thesatcommedia.com/sheikh-sulaiman-faruq-onikijipa-an-islamic-scholar-par-excellence/ "Sheikh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: An Islamic Scholar Par Excellence -"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlabidun2021">Alabidun (2021-08-14). [https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ "Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin"]. ''IntercontinentalNews247''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ayyuka da Nasarar da aka samu == An nada Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa a matsayin Babban Mufti na 4 na [[Masarautar Ilorin]] ta Sarkin Masarautar, Babban Sarkinsa, Sheikh Alhaji [[Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari|Ibrahim Sulu Gambari]] (GCFR) a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Abubakar |first=Jamiu |date=2022-04-13 |title=Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAbubakar2022">Abubakar, Jamiu (2022-04-13). [https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ "Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like"]. ''City People Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2022, marigayi Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]], GCFR ya girmama shi da taken kasa na Order of the Niger (OON) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Voice |first=Muslim |date=2022-09-22 |title=Ilorin's Grand Mufti, Onikijipa, Set to Receive OON Award {{!}} The Muslim Voice, Nigeria |url=https://muslimvoice.com.ng/2022/09/22/ilorins-grand-mufti-onikijipa-set-to-receive-oon-award/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Iyali == Ya yi aure da farin ciki kuma yana da albarka tare da yara 6.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kehinde |first=Seye |date=2022-03-28 |title=City People Publisher Meets Sheikh FARUQ ONIKIJIPA |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/city-people-publisher-meets-sheikh-faruq-onikijipa/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] s2vknmsutbp5x8usxx6yrbkjsbkhfb9 827784 827780 2026-04-29T18:27:54Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi */ 827784 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa''' (Al-Miskeen Bilahi) shi ne Babban Mufti na yanzu na [[Masarautar Ilorin]] kuma Mai mallakar Markaz Al-Amani Li-Tahliimil Arabiy Wal Islamiy School, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Abubakar |first=Jamiu |date=2022-04-13 |title=Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-11 |title=Double celebrations as Sheikh Onikijipa's scions marry Emir of Ilorin, Hussaini Mohammed's children - Muslim News Nigeria |url=https://muslimnews.com.ng/2025/01/11/double-celebrations-as-sheikh-onikijipas-scions-marry-emir-of-ilorin-hussaini-mohammeds-children/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1962 ga iyalin Onikijipa a Omoda, Ilorin Yamma Karamar Hukumar [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] ta Sheikh Umar Faruq, ɗan Sheikh Abdullah Onikijipi da Alhaja Aminat Faruq، 'yar Fadilat Sheikh Sa'adullahi, Imam na tsohuwar Masallacin Okekere a Oke-Male, Ilorin . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Orisile |first=Abiola |date=2018-05-21 |title=10 Popular Islamic Sheiks From KWARA State |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/10-popular-islamic-sheiks-from-kwara-state/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Sulaiman Faruq ya fara karatunsa na yau da kullun a shekarar 1969 a makarantar firamare ta Alore, Oke-Apomu, [[Ilorin]] inda ya sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko a shekarar 1974. <ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> Ya fara karatunsa na Larabci da Musulunci a karkashin jagorancin mahaifinsa inda aka koya masa karatun [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani mai tsarki]] kuma daga baya ya shiga makarantar Alkur'an mai zurfi a Ataragba Compound, Agbaji a [[Ilorin]] tsakanin 1974 da 1979. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Orisile |first=Abiola |date=2018-05-21 |title=10 Popular Islamic Sheiks From KWARA State |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/10-popular-islamic-sheiks-from-kwara-state/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> A shekara ta 1979, Sulaiman Faruq ya ci gaba da ilimin Larabci da Islama a makarantar Darul-ulum Larabci le Islama, Ilorin kuma ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta farko a Larabci kuma a ilimin Islama a shekara ta 1983. <ref name=":1" /><ref name="Alabidun" /> Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa Cibiyar Horar da Larabci da Musulunci (Markaz), Agege, wanda mai ba da shawara, Sheikh Adam Abdullahi Al-Ilory ya kafa kuma ya kammala karatun sakandare a makarantar a shekarar 1986. Ya ci gaba da shiga Cibiyar Ilimi ta Addini da Halin, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], a shekarar 1998. Ya kammala karatu tare da difloma da difloma mafi girma a cikin Nazarin Addinin Musulunci a cikin 2000 da 2002 bi da bi.<ref name="Bolakale">{{Cite web |last=Bolakale |first=Oluwatoyin Luqman |date=2021-07-22 |title=Sheikh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: An Islamic Scholar Par Excellence - |url=https://www.thesatcommedia.com/sheikh-sulaiman-faruq-onikijipa-an-islamic-scholar-par-excellence/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Alabidun" /> Yana da takardar shaidar Doctorate a cikin Ayyukan Dan Adam a kwalejin Columbus a duniya, Neutron, [[Ingila]] a shekara ta 2005. Daga baya aka ba shi digiri na biyu a tushe na Ilimi na Addini da Halin, Legas, [[Najeriya]], da kuma digiri na farko a Nazarin Musulunci daga Jami'ar Pebble, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] a cikin 2007. <ref name="Bolakale">{{Cite web |last=Bolakale |first=Oluwatoyin Luqman |date=2021-07-22 |title=Sheikh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: An Islamic Scholar Par Excellence - |url=https://www.thesatcommedia.com/sheikh-sulaiman-faruq-onikijipa-an-islamic-scholar-par-excellence/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> == Ayyuka da Nasarar da aka samu == An nada Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa a matsayin Babban Mufti na 4 na [[Masarautar Ilorin]] ta Sarkin Masarautar, Babban Sarkinsa, Sheikh Alhaji [[Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari|Ibrahim Sulu Gambari]] (GCFR) a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Abubakar |first=Jamiu |date=2022-04-13 |title=Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAbubakar2022">Abubakar, Jamiu (2022-04-13). [https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ "Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like"]. ''City People Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2022, marigayi Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]], GCFR ya girmama shi da taken kasa na Order of the Niger (OON) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Voice |first=Muslim |date=2022-09-22 |title=Ilorin's Grand Mufti, Onikijipa, Set to Receive OON Award {{!}} The Muslim Voice, Nigeria |url=https://muslimvoice.com.ng/2022/09/22/ilorins-grand-mufti-onikijipa-set-to-receive-oon-award/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Iyali == Ya yi aure da farin ciki kuma yana da albarka tare da yara 6.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kehinde |first=Seye |date=2022-03-28 |title=City People Publisher Meets Sheikh FARUQ ONIKIJIPA |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/city-people-publisher-meets-sheikh-faruq-onikijipa/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] 07vxsm7208sngknrajhg7xq8pfc9xpe 827785 827784 2026-04-29T18:28:52Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 827785 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa''' (Al-Miskeen Bilahi) shi ne Babban Mufti na yanzu na [[Masarautar Ilorin]] kuma Mai mallakar Markaz Al-Amani Li-Tahliimil Arabiy Wal Islamiy School, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-11 |title=Double celebrations as Sheikh Onikijipa's scions marry Emir of Ilorin, Hussaini Mohammed's children - Muslim News Nigeria |url=https://muslimnews.com.ng/2025/01/11/double-celebrations-as-sheikh-onikijipas-scions-marry-emir-of-ilorin-hussaini-mohammeds-children/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1962 ga iyalin Onikijipa a Omoda, Ilorin Yamma Karamar Hukumar [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] ta Sheikh Umar Faruq, ɗan Sheikh Abdullah Onikijipi da Alhaja Aminat Faruq، 'yar Fadilat Sheikh Sa'adullahi, Imam na tsohuwar Masallacin Okekere a Oke-Male, Ilorin . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Orisile |first=Abiola |date=2018-05-21 |title=10 Popular Islamic Sheiks From KWARA State |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/10-popular-islamic-sheiks-from-kwara-state/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Sulaiman Faruq ya fara karatunsa na yau da kullun a shekarar 1969 a makarantar firamare ta Alore, Oke-Apomu, [[Ilorin]] inda ya sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko a shekarar 1974. <ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> Ya fara karatunsa na Larabci da Musulunci a karkashin jagorancin mahaifinsa inda aka koya masa karatun [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani mai tsarki]] kuma daga baya ya shiga makarantar Alkur'an mai zurfi a Ataragba Compound, Agbaji a [[Ilorin]] tsakanin 1974 da 1979. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Orisile |first=Abiola |date=2018-05-21 |title=10 Popular Islamic Sheiks From KWARA State |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/10-popular-islamic-sheiks-from-kwara-state/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> A shekara ta 1979, Sulaiman Faruq ya ci gaba da ilimin Larabci da Islama a makarantar Darul-ulum Larabci le Islama, Ilorin kuma ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta farko a Larabci kuma a ilimin Islama a shekara ta 1983. <ref name=":1" /><ref name="Alabidun" /> Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa Cibiyar Horar da Larabci da Musulunci (Markaz), Agege, wanda mai ba da shawara, Sheikh Adam Abdullahi Al-Ilory ya kafa kuma ya kammala karatun sakandare a makarantar a shekarar 1986. Ya ci gaba da shiga Cibiyar Ilimi ta Addini da Halin, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], a shekarar 1998. Ya kammala karatu tare da difloma da difloma mafi girma a cikin Nazarin Addinin Musulunci a cikin 2000 da 2002 bi da bi.<ref name="Bolakale">{{Cite web |last=Bolakale |first=Oluwatoyin Luqman |date=2021-07-22 |title=Sheikh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: An Islamic Scholar Par Excellence - |url=https://www.thesatcommedia.com/sheikh-sulaiman-faruq-onikijipa-an-islamic-scholar-par-excellence/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Alabidun" /> Yana da takardar shaidar Doctorate a cikin Ayyukan Dan Adam a kwalejin Columbus a duniya, Neutron, [[Ingila]] a shekara ta 2005. Daga baya aka ba shi digiri na biyu a tushe na Ilimi na Addini da Halin, Legas, [[Najeriya]], da kuma digiri na farko a Nazarin Musulunci daga Jami'ar Pebble, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] a cikin 2007. <ref name="Bolakale">{{Cite web |last=Bolakale |first=Oluwatoyin Luqman |date=2021-07-22 |title=Sheikh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: An Islamic Scholar Par Excellence - |url=https://www.thesatcommedia.com/sheikh-sulaiman-faruq-onikijipa-an-islamic-scholar-par-excellence/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> == Ayyuka da Nasarar da aka samu == An nada Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa a matsayin Babban Mufti na 4 na [[Masarautar Ilorin]] ta Sarkin Masarautar, Babban Sarkinsa, Sheikh Alhaji [[Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari|Ibrahim Sulu Gambari]] (GCFR) a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Abubakar |first=Jamiu |date=2022-04-13 |title=Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAbubakar2022">Abubakar, Jamiu (2022-04-13). [https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ "Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like"]. ''City People Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2022, marigayi Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]], GCFR ya girmama shi da taken kasa na Order of the Niger (OON) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Voice |first=Muslim |date=2022-09-22 |title=Ilorin's Grand Mufti, Onikijipa, Set to Receive OON Award {{!}} The Muslim Voice, Nigeria |url=https://muslimvoice.com.ng/2022/09/22/ilorins-grand-mufti-onikijipa-set-to-receive-oon-award/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Iyali == Ya yi aure da farin ciki kuma yana da albarka tare da yara 6.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kehinde |first=Seye |date=2022-03-28 |title=City People Publisher Meets Sheikh FARUQ ONIKIJIPA |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/city-people-publisher-meets-sheikh-faruq-onikijipa/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] 1tfhkls2jdyc2h7rwwrr5jb5ehsdi55 827786 827785 2026-04-29T18:29:25Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 827786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa''' (Al-Miskeen Bilahi) shi ne Babban Mufti na yanzu na [[Masarautar Ilorin]] kuma Mai mallakar Markaz Al-Amani Li-Tahliimil Arabiy Wal Islamiy School, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-11 |title=Double celebrations as Sheikh Onikijipa's scions marry Emir of Ilorin, Hussaini Mohammed's children - Muslim News Nigeria |url=https://muslimnews.com.ng/2025/01/11/double-celebrations-as-sheikh-onikijipas-scions-marry-emir-of-ilorin-hussaini-mohammeds-children/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1962 ga iyalin Onikijipa a Omoda, Ilorin Yamma Karamar Hukumar [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] ta Sheikh Umar Faruq, ɗan Sheikh Abdullah Onikijipi da Alhaja Aminat Faruq، 'yar Fadilat Sheikh Sa'adullahi, Imam na tsohuwar Masallacin Okekere a Oke-Male, Ilorin . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Orisile |first=Abiola |date=2018-05-21 |title=10 Popular Islamic Sheiks From KWARA State |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/10-popular-islamic-sheiks-from-kwara-state/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Sulaiman Faruq ya fara karatunsa na yau da kullun a shekarar 1969 a makarantar firamare ta Alore, Oke-Apomu, [[Ilorin]] inda ya sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko a shekarar 1974. <ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> Ya fara karatunsa na Larabci da Musulunci a karkashin jagorancin mahaifinsa inda aka koya masa karatun [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani mai tsarki]] kuma daga baya ya shiga makarantar Alkur'an mai zurfi a Ataragba Compound, Agbaji a [[Ilorin]] tsakanin 1974 da 1979. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Orisile |first=Abiola |date=2018-05-21 |title=10 Popular Islamic Sheiks From KWARA State |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/10-popular-islamic-sheiks-from-kwara-state/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> A shekara ta 1979, Sulaiman Faruq ya ci gaba da ilimin Larabci da Islama a makarantar Darul-ulum Larabci le Islama, Ilorin kuma ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta farko a Larabci kuma a ilimin Islama a shekara ta 1983. <ref name=":1" /><ref name="Alabidun" /> Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa Cibiyar Horar da Larabci da Musulunci (Markaz), Agege, wanda mai ba da shawara, Sheikh Adam Abdullahi Al-Ilory ya kafa kuma ya kammala karatun sakandare a makarantar a shekarar 1986. Ya ci gaba da shiga Cibiyar Ilimi ta Addini da Halin, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], a shekarar 1998. Ya kammala karatu tare da difloma da difloma mafi girma a cikin Nazarin Addinin Musulunci a cikin 2000 da 2002 bi da bi.<ref name="Bolakale">{{Cite web |last=Bolakale |first=Oluwatoyin Luqman |date=2021-07-22 |title=Sheikh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: An Islamic Scholar Par Excellence - |url=https://www.thesatcommedia.com/sheikh-sulaiman-faruq-onikijipa-an-islamic-scholar-par-excellence/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Alabidun" /> Yana da takardar shaidar Doctorate a cikin Ayyukan Dan Adam a kwalejin Columbus a duniya, Neutron, [[Ingila]] a shekara ta 2005. Daga baya aka ba shi digiri na biyu a tushe na Ilimi na Addini da Halin, Legas, [[Najeriya]], da kuma digiri na farko a Nazarin Musulunci daga Jami'ar Pebble, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] a cikin 2007. <ref name="Bolakale">{{Cite web |last=Bolakale |first=Oluwatoyin Luqman |date=2021-07-22 |title=Sheikh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: An Islamic Scholar Par Excellence - |url=https://www.thesatcommedia.com/sheikh-sulaiman-faruq-onikijipa-an-islamic-scholar-par-excellence/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> == Ayyuka da Nasarar da aka samu == An nada Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa a matsayin Babban Mufti na 4 na [[Masarautar Ilorin]] ta Sarkin Masarautar, Babban Sarkinsa, Sheikh Alhaji [[Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari|Ibrahim Sulu Gambari]] (GCFR) a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Abubakar |first=Jamiu |date=2022-04-13 |title=Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAbubakar2022">Abubakar, Jamiu (2022-04-13). [https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ "Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like"]. ''City People Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2022, marigayi Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]], GCFR ya girmama shi da taken kasa na Order of the Niger (OON) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Voice |first=Muslim |date=2022-09-22 |title=Ilorin's Grand Mufti, Onikijipa, Set to Receive OON Award {{!}} The Muslim Voice, Nigeria |url=https://muslimvoice.com.ng/2022/09/22/ilorins-grand-mufti-onikijipa-set-to-receive-oon-award/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Iyali == Ya yi aure da farin ciki kuma yana da albarka tare da yara 6.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kehinde |first=Seye |date=2022-03-28 |title=City People Publisher Meets Sheikh FARUQ ONIKIJIPA |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/city-people-publisher-meets-sheikh-faruq-onikijipa/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] rancpxt5n452koz4qoxnuekrrr1u5oh 827788 827786 2026-04-29T18:30:47Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi */ 827788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa''' (Al-Miskeen Bilahi) shi ne Babban Mufti na yanzu na [[Masarautar Ilorin]] kuma Mai mallakar Markaz Al-Amani Li-Tahliimil Arabiy Wal Islamiy School, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-11 |title=Double celebrations as Sheikh Onikijipa's scions marry Emir of Ilorin, Hussaini Mohammed's children - Muslim News Nigeria |url=https://muslimnews.com.ng/2025/01/11/double-celebrations-as-sheikh-onikijipas-scions-marry-emir-of-ilorin-hussaini-mohammeds-children/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1962 ga iyalin Onikijipa a Omoda, Ilorin Yamma Karamar Hukumar [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] ta Sheikh Umar Faruq, ɗan Sheikh Abdullah Onikijipi da Alhaja Aminat Faruq، 'yar Fadilat Sheikh Sa'adullahi, Imam na tsohuwar Masallacin Okekere a Oke-Male, Ilorin .<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Onikijipa: As Ilorin welcomes youngest mufti in history |url=https://dailytrust.com/onikijipa-as-ilorin-welcomes-youngest-mufti-in-history/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Orisile |first=Abiola |date=2018-05-21 |title=10 Popular Islamic Sheiks From KWARA State |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/10-popular-islamic-sheiks-from-kwara-state/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Sulaiman Faruq ya fara karatunsa na yau da kullun a shekarar 1969 a makarantar firamare ta Alore, Oke-Apomu, [[Ilorin]] inda ya sami takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko a shekarar 1974. <ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> Ya fara karatunsa na Larabci da Musulunci a karkashin jagorancin mahaifinsa inda aka koya masa karatun [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani mai tsarki]] kuma daga baya ya shiga makarantar Alkur'an mai zurfi a Ataragba Compound, Agbaji a [[Ilorin]] tsakanin 1974 da 1979. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Orisile |first=Abiola |date=2018-05-21 |title=10 Popular Islamic Sheiks From KWARA State |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/10-popular-islamic-sheiks-from-kwara-state/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> A shekara ta 1979, Sulaiman Faruq ya ci gaba da ilimin Larabci da Islama a makarantar Darul-ulum Larabci le Islama, Ilorin kuma ya sami takardar shaidarsa ta farko a Larabci kuma a ilimin Islama a shekara ta 1983. <ref name=":1" /><ref name="Alabidun" /> Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa Cibiyar Horar da Larabci da Musulunci (Markaz), Agege, wanda mai ba da shawara, Sheikh Adam Abdullahi Al-Ilory ya kafa kuma ya kammala karatun sakandare a makarantar a shekarar 1986. Ya ci gaba da shiga Cibiyar Ilimi ta Addini da Halin, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], a shekarar 1998. Ya kammala karatu tare da difloma da difloma mafi girma a cikin Nazarin Addinin Musulunci a cikin 2000 da 2002 bi da bi.<ref name="Bolakale">{{Cite web |last=Bolakale |first=Oluwatoyin Luqman |date=2021-07-22 |title=Sheikh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: An Islamic Scholar Par Excellence - |url=https://www.thesatcommedia.com/sheikh-sulaiman-faruq-onikijipa-an-islamic-scholar-par-excellence/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Alabidun" /> Yana da takardar shaidar Doctorate a cikin Ayyukan Dan Adam a kwalejin Columbus a duniya, Neutron, [[Ingila]] a shekara ta 2005. Daga baya aka ba shi digiri na biyu a tushe na Ilimi na Addini da Halin, Legas, [[Najeriya]], da kuma digiri na farko a Nazarin Musulunci daga Jami'ar Pebble, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] a cikin 2007. <ref name="Bolakale">{{Cite web |last=Bolakale |first=Oluwatoyin Luqman |date=2021-07-22 |title=Sheikh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: An Islamic Scholar Par Excellence - |url=https://www.thesatcommedia.com/sheikh-sulaiman-faruq-onikijipa-an-islamic-scholar-par-excellence/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Alabidun">{{Cite web |last=Alabidun |date=2021-08-14 |title=Shaykh Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa: The New Grand Mufti of Ilorin |url=https://incnews247.com/faruq-onikijipa-grand-mufti-ilorin/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=IntercontinentalNews247}}</ref> == Ayyuka da Nasarar da aka samu == An nada Sulaiman Faruq Onikijipa a matsayin Babban Mufti na 4 na [[Masarautar Ilorin]] ta Sarkin Masarautar, Babban Sarkinsa, Sheikh Alhaji [[Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari|Ibrahim Sulu Gambari]] (GCFR) a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Abubakar |first=Jamiu |date=2022-04-13 |title=Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAbubakar2022">Abubakar, Jamiu (2022-04-13). [https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-20-islamic-scholars-lagos-celebs-like/ "Meet 20 Islamic Scholars LAGOS Celebs Like"]. ''City People Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-09-27</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2022, marigayi Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]], GCFR ya girmama shi da taken kasa na Order of the Niger (OON) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Voice |first=Muslim |date=2022-09-22 |title=Ilorin's Grand Mufti, Onikijipa, Set to Receive OON Award {{!}} The Muslim Voice, Nigeria |url=https://muslimvoice.com.ng/2022/09/22/ilorins-grand-mufti-onikijipa-set-to-receive-oon-award/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Iyali == Ya yi aure da farin ciki kuma yana da albarka tare da yara 6.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kehinde |first=Seye |date=2022-03-28 |title=City People Publisher Meets Sheikh FARUQ ONIKIJIPA |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/city-people-publisher-meets-sheikh-faruq-onikijipa/ |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=City People Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] irsg00u6a1skcy224s86oyhf8kz5zx5 0 148727 827782 2026-04-29T18:26:20Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Olympic flag.svg|thumb]] {{Infobox gasa | suna = Wasannin Olympic | bayani = Tutar Olympic mai zobba guda biyar | fara = 776 K.Z (tsohon lokaci), 1896 (na zamani) | nau'i = Wasannin duniya | mazauni = Kasashe daban-daban | masu_shirya = Kwamitin Olympic na Duniya (IOC) | mahalarta = Kasashe sama da 200 | mita = Duk bayan shekara 4 }} '''Wasannin Olympic''' wata babbar gasa ce ta wasanni ta duniya da ke tattara 'yan wasa daga kasashe daban-daban domin fafatawa a fannoni... 827782 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Olympic flag.svg|thumb]] {{Infobox gasa | suna = Wasannin Olympic | bayani = Tutar Olympic mai zobba guda biyar | fara = 776 K.Z (tsohon lokaci), 1896 (na zamani) | nau'i = Wasannin duniya | mazauni = Kasashe daban-daban | masu_shirya = Kwamitin Olympic na Duniya (IOC) | mahalarta = Kasashe sama da 200 | mita = Duk bayan shekara 4 }} '''Wasannin Olympic''' wata babbar gasa ce ta wasanni ta duniya da ke tattara 'yan wasa daga kasashe daban-daban domin fafatawa a fannoni iri-iri na wasanni. Ana gudanar da ita duk bayan shekaru hudu, kuma tana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan wasanni mafi girma a duniya.<ref>International Olympic Committee. (2023). Olympic Charter.</ref> == Tarihi == Asalin Wasannin Olympic ya samo ne daga tsohuwar kasar Girka, inda aka fara gudanar da su a shekara ta 776 kafin zuwan haihuwar Annabi Isa (K.Z). Wadannan wasanni suna da alaƙa da bukukuwan addini na girmama gumakan Girka, musamman Zeus.<ref>Golden, M. (2015). Sport in the Ancient World from A to Z.</ref> A zamanin zamani kuwa, an sake farfado da Wasannin Olympic a shekara ta 1896 a birnin Athens na kasar Girka, karkashin jagorancin Pierre de Coubertin, wanda ya yi kokarin dawo da ruhin hadin kai ta hanyar wasanni.<ref>Young, D. (2004). A Brief History of the Olympic Games.</ref> == Nau'o'in Wasanni == Wasannin Olympic sun kasu gida biyu: * '''Wasannin bazara (Summer Olympics)''' – inda ake gudanar da wasanni kamar gudu, iyo, kwallon kafa, da sauransu. * '''Wasannin hunturu (Winter Olympics)''' – inda ake gudanar da wasanni kamar kankara da dusar kankara.<ref>IOC. (2022). Olympic Programme Overview.</ref> == Ka'idoji da Manufofi == Manufar Wasannin Olympic ita ce inganta zaman lafiya, hadin kai, da fahimtar juna tsakanin kasashe ta hanyar wasanni. Ana bin wasu ka'idoji da suka hada da: * Girmama juna * Adalci a gasar * Kauce wa amfani da kwayoyi masu kara kuzari (doping)<ref>WADA. (2021). World Anti-Doping Code.</ref> == Alamomi == Wasannin Olympic na da wasu muhimman alamomi: * '''Zobba biyar''' – suna wakiltar nahiyoyi biyar na duniya. * '''Tutar Olympic''' – fari ne mai dauke da zobba. * '''Wutar Olympic''' – ana kunna ta a farkon gasar kuma tana wakiltar zaman lafiya.<ref>IOC. (2020). Olympic Symbols Guide.</ref> == Muhimmanci == Wasannin Olympic na da muhimmanci sosai wajen bunkasa wasanni da hadin kai tsakanin al'ummomi. Haka kuma suna taimakawa wajen bunkasa tattalin arziki da yawon bude ido a kasashen da ke karbar bakuncin gasar.<ref>Preuss, H. (2008). The Economics of Staging the Olympics.</ref> == Kammalawa == Wasannin Olympic sun kasance wata muhimmiyar hanya ta hada kan duniya ta hanyar wasanni, inda 'yan wasa ke nuna kwarewa da jajircewa. Duk da kalubale, har yanzu gasar tana ci gaba da zama alamar zaman lafiya da hadin kai a duniya.<ref>IOC Annual Report. (2023).</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> q02jdxslr8tcc44xa8sv8bnty5mehn2 827826 827782 2026-04-29T20:20:59Z Mahuta 11340 827826 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Olympic flag.svg|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''Wasannin Olympic''' wata babbar gasa ce ta wasanni ta duniya da ke tattara 'yan wasa daga kasashe daban-daban domin fafatawa a fannoni iri-iri na wasanni. Ana gudanar da ita duk bayan shekaru hudu, kuma tana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan wasanni mafi girma a duniya.<ref>International Olympic Committee. (2023). Olympic Charter.</ref> == Tarihi == Asalin Wasannin Olympic ya samo ne daga tsohuwar kasar Girka, inda aka fara gudanar da su a shekara ta 776 kafin zuwan haihuwar Annabi Isa (K.Z). Wadannan wasanni suna da alaƙa da bukukuwan addini na girmama gumakan Girka, musamman Zeus.<ref>Golden, M. (2015). Sport in the Ancient World from A to Z.</ref> A zamanin zamani kuwa, an sake farfado da Wasannin Olympic a shekara ta 1896 a birnin Athens na kasar Girka, karkashin jagorancin Pierre de Coubertin, wanda ya yi kokarin dawo da ruhin hadin kai ta hanyar wasanni.<ref>Young, D. (2004). A Brief History of the Olympic Games.</ref> == Nau'o'in Wasanni == Wasannin Olympic sun kasu gida biyu: * '''Wasannin bazara (Summer Olympics)''' – inda ake gudanar da wasanni kamar gudu, iyo, kwallon kafa, da sauransu. * '''Wasannin hunturu (Winter Olympics)''' – inda ake gudanar da wasanni kamar kankara da dusar kankara.<ref>IOC. (2022). Olympic Programme Overview.</ref> == Ka'idoji da Manufofi == Manufar Wasannin Olympic ita ce inganta zaman lafiya, hadin kai, da fahimtar juna tsakanin kasashe ta hanyar wasanni. Ana bin wasu ka'idoji da suka hada da: * Girmama juna * Adalci a gasar * Kauce wa amfani da kwayoyi masu kara kuzari (doping)<ref>WADA. (2021). World Anti-Doping Code.</ref> == Alamomi == Wasannin Olympic na da wasu muhimman alamomi: * '''Zobba biyar''' – suna wakiltar nahiyoyi biyar na duniya. * '''Tutar Olympic''' – fari ne mai dauke da zobba. * '''Wutar Olympic''' – ana kunna ta a farkon gasar kuma tana wakiltar zaman lafiya.<ref>IOC. (2020). Olympic Symbols Guide.</ref> == Muhimmanci == Wasannin Olympic na da muhimmanci sosai wajen bunkasa wasanni da hadin kai tsakanin al'ummomi. Haka kuma suna taimakawa wajen bunkasa tattalin arziki da yawon bude ido a kasashen da ke karbar bakuncin gasar.<ref>Preuss, H. (2008). The Economics of Staging the Olympics.</ref> == Kammalawa == Wasannin Olympic sun kasance wata muhimmiyar hanya ta hada kan duniya ta hanyar wasanni, inda 'yan wasa ke nuna kwarewa da jajircewa. Duk da kalubale, har yanzu gasar tana ci gaba da zama alamar zaman lafiya da hadin kai a duniya.<ref>IOC Annual Report. (2023).</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> 4n3igegvcxxou607wnew5zhsh3nceut 0 148728 827789 2026-04-29T18:33:17Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Logo Eintracht Frankfurt 1970 - 1977.gif|thumb]] {{Infobox ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa | suna = Eintracht Frankfurt | cikakken_suna = Sportgemeinschaft Eintracht Frankfurt e.V. | suna_na_laƙabi = Die Adler (Gaggafa) | kafa ta = 8 Maris 1899 | filin_wasa = Deutsche Bank Park | gari = Frankfurt am Main, Jamus | ƙasa = Jamus | shugaban = Peter Fischer | kocin = Dino Toppmöller | liga = [[Bundesliga]] | launukan_riga = Ja da baki | nasarori = Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal, UEFA Eur... 827789 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Logo Eintracht Frankfurt 1970 - 1977.gif|thumb]] {{Infobox ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa | suna = Eintracht Frankfurt | cikakken_suna = Sportgemeinschaft Eintracht Frankfurt e.V. | suna_na_laƙabi = Die Adler (Gaggafa) | kafa ta = 8 Maris 1899 | filin_wasa = Deutsche Bank Park | gari = Frankfurt am Main, Jamus | ƙasa = Jamus | shugaban = Peter Fischer | kocin = Dino Toppmöller | liga = [[Bundesliga]] | launukan_riga = Ja da baki | nasarori = Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal, UEFA Europa League }} '''Eintracht Frankfurt''' (:contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}) ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Jamus wadda take da hedikwata a Frankfurt am Main. Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi a [[Bundesliga]], kuma tana da dogon tarihi tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. Ƙungiyar ta shahara da suna ''Die Adler'' (Gaggafa), wanda ke nuna alamar ƙarfin ta da jarumta a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref name="tarihi">Bayanan tarihi na ƙungiyar daga tarihin Bundesliga da shafukan kulob ɗin Eintracht Frankfurt</ref> Eintracht Frankfurt an kafa ta ne a shekara ta 1899 sakamakon haɗuwar ƙananan ƙungiyoyin wasanni a Frankfurt. A tsawon lokaci, ƙungiyar ta samu sauye-sauye da haɓaka har ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a Jamus. Ta lashe kofin Bundesliga sau ɗaya, amma ta fi yin suna a gasar kofin Jamus (DFB-Pokal) da kuma gasannin Turai. <ref name="kafa">Tarihin kafa kulob da ci gabansa a Jamus</ref> A matakin ƙasa, Eintracht Frankfurt ta yi nasarar lashe DFB-Pokal sau da dama, wanda ya ƙara mata daraja a fagen ƙwallon ƙafa na Jamus. Haka kuma, ta samu damar shiga gasar UEFA Europa League, inda ta lashe kofin a shekarar 2022 bayan ta doke Rangers a wasan ƙarshe. Wannan nasara ta ƙara nuna ƙwarewar ƙungiyar a Turai. <ref name="nasara">Bayanan UEFA Europa League 2022 da nasarorin DFB-Pokal</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar shi ne Deutsche Bank Park, wanda yake ɗaukar dubban magoya baya a kowace wasa. Magoya bayan Eintracht Frankfurt suna da suna mai ƙarfi a Jamus saboda goyon bayansu mara yankewa, musamman a wasannin gida. Wannan ya sa filin wasan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da ke da kuzari sosai a Bundesliga. <ref name="filin">Bayanan filin wasa da magoya baya daga Bundesliga</ref> A yau, Eintracht Frankfurt na ci gaba da kasancewa ƙungiya mai gasa a Jamus da Turai, tare da mayar da hankali kan haɓaka matasa da ƙarfafa tawagar ta. Tana kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka ƙwallon ƙafa a [[Jamus]] gaba ɗaya. <ref name="yanzu">Rahotannin Bundesliga na zamani da ci gaban kulob</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> 6r45e2uzlxzsrxe4wdpbyad3kimh52g 827822 827789 2026-04-29T20:15:47Z Mahuta 11340 827822 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Logo Eintracht Frankfurt 1970 - 1977.gif|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''Eintracht Frankfurt''' (:contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}) ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Jamus wadda take da hedikwata a Frankfurt am Main. Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi a [[Bundesliga]], kuma tana da dogon tarihi tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. Ƙungiyar ta shahara da suna ''Die Adler'' (Gaggafa), wanda ke nuna alamar ƙarfin ta da jarumta a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref name="tarihi">Bayanan tarihi na ƙungiyar daga tarihin Bundesliga da shafukan kulob ɗin Eintracht Frankfurt</ref> Eintracht Frankfurt an kafa ta ne a shekara ta 1899 sakamakon haɗuwar ƙananan ƙungiyoyin wasanni a Frankfurt. A tsawon lokaci, ƙungiyar ta samu sauye-sauye da haɓaka har ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a Jamus. Ta lashe kofin Bundesliga sau ɗaya, amma ta fi yin suna a gasar kofin Jamus (DFB-Pokal) da kuma gasannin Turai. <ref name="kafa">Tarihin kafa kulob da ci gabansa a Jamus</ref> A matakin ƙasa, Eintracht Frankfurt ta yi nasarar lashe DFB-Pokal sau da dama, wanda ya ƙara mata daraja a fagen ƙwallon ƙafa na Jamus. Haka kuma, ta samu damar shiga gasar UEFA Europa League, inda ta lashe kofin a shekarar 2022 bayan ta doke Rangers a wasan ƙarshe. Wannan nasara ta ƙara nuna ƙwarewar ƙungiyar a Turai. <ref name="nasara">Bayanan UEFA Europa League 2022 da nasarorin DFB-Pokal</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar shi ne Deutsche Bank Park, wanda yake ɗaukar dubban magoya baya a kowace wasa. Magoya bayan Eintracht Frankfurt suna da suna mai ƙarfi a Jamus saboda goyon bayansu mara yankewa, musamman a wasannin gida. Wannan ya sa filin wasan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da ke da kuzari sosai a Bundesliga. <ref name="filin">Bayanan filin wasa da magoya baya daga Bundesliga</ref> A yau, Eintracht Frankfurt na ci gaba da kasancewa ƙungiya mai gasa a Jamus da Turai, tare da mayar da hankali kan haɓaka matasa da ƙarfafa tawagar ta. Tana kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka ƙwallon ƙafa a [[Jamus]] gaba ɗaya. <ref name="yanzu">Rahotannin Bundesliga na zamani da ci gaban kulob</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> i93iofmqhru5t1ie537d19o5gr5qi7s 0 148729 827790 2026-04-29T18:34:54Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1152332780|Evans Shire]]" 827790 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai Evans Shire''' yanki ne na karamar hukuma wanda ke kewaye da [[Bathurst City Council|Birnin Bathurst]] a New South Wales, Australia . An kafa shi a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1977 bayan da aka raba Birnin Bathurst, Abercrombie Shire da Turon Shire tsakanin Bathurst City da Evans Shire . An rushe shi a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2004. Shire, lokacin da aka ayyana shi ne murabba'in kilomita 4277.57 kuma ya karu dan kadan zuwa murabba'i kilomita 4284 kafin rushewarsa. Ya haɗa da garuruwan Hill End, Sofala, Sunny Corner, Rockley, Burraga da Trunkey Creek. == Rushewa da haɗuwa == An sanya Majalisar Evans Shire a cikin jerin sa ido kan kudi na Ma'aikatar Karamar Hukumar a cikin 2002-2003 biyo bayan damuwa cewa ta zama mai dogaro da tallafi da gudummawa daga gwamnatocin jihohi da tarayya. Hukumar Kula da iyakokin karamar hukuma ta NSW ta gabatar da wani shiri don hada Evans Shire da Birnin Bathurst, tare da wasu canje-canjen iyaka da suka shafi LGA da yankin Oberon Shire a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2004. An rushe Evans Shire a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2004, tare da mafi yawan yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na sabon Majalisar Yankin Bathurst. Kimanin kashi 15% na yankin kudu maso gabashin yankin (ciki har da [[Mount David, New South Wales|Dutsen Dauda]] da Burraga) sun zama wani ɓangare na Oberon Shire, tare da karamin yanki na gabashin Tarana da aka raba zuwa Birnin Lithgow. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33|25|00.00|S|149|34|00.00|E|type:adm2nd_region:AU-NSW}} 1tlag2nx1kvebyrvedimayrek77qtvb 827791 827790 2026-04-29T18:35:48Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 827791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Evans Shire''' yanki ne na karamar hukuma wanda ke kewaye da [[Bathurst City Council|Birnin Bathurst]] a New South Wales, Australia . An kafa shi a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1977 bayan da aka raba Birnin Bathurst, Abercrombie Shire da Turon Shire tsakanin Bathurst City da Evans Shire . An rushe shi a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2004. Shire, lokacin da aka ayyana shi ne murabba'in kilomita 4277.57 kuma ya karu dan kadan zuwa murabba'i kilomita 4284 kafin rushewarsa. Ya haɗa da garuruwan Hill End, Sofala, Sunny Corner, Rockley, Burraga da Trunkey Creek. == Rushewa da haɗuwa == An sanya Majalisar Evans Shire a cikin jerin sa ido kan kudi na Ma'aikatar Karamar Hukumar a cikin 2002-2003 biyo bayan damuwa cewa ta zama mai dogaro da tallafi da gudummawa daga gwamnatocin jihohi da tarayya. Hukumar Kula da iyakokin karamar hukuma ta NSW ta gabatar da wani shiri don hada Evans Shire da Birnin Bathurst, tare da wasu canje-canjen iyaka da suka shafi LGA da yankin Oberon Shire a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2004. An rushe Evans Shire a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2004, tare da mafi yawan yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na sabon Majalisar Yankin Bathurst. Kimanin kashi 15% na yankin kudu maso gabashin yankin (ciki har da [[Mount David, New South Wales|Dutsen Dauda]] da Burraga) sun zama wani ɓangare na Oberon Shire, tare da karamin yanki na gabashin Tarana da aka raba zuwa Birnin Lithgow. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33|25|00.00|S|149|34|00.00|E|type:adm2nd_region:AU-NSW}} sklbor8hsey61blfjbkabx54lpahi1k 827792 827791 2026-04-29T18:38:07Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 827792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Evans Shire''' yanki ne na karamar hukuma wanda ke kewaye da [[Bathurst City Council|Birnin Bathurst]] a New South Wales, Australia . An kafa shi a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1977 bayan da aka raba Birnin Bathurst, Abercrombie Shire da Turon Shire tsakanin Bathurst City da Evans Shire.<ref>NSW State Records. [http://investigator.records.nsw.gov.au/Entity.aspx?Path=%5COrganisation%5C132 Evans Shire]</ref> An rushe shi a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2004. Shire, lokacin da aka ayyana shi ne murabba'in kilomita 4277.57 kuma ya karu dan kadan zuwa murabba'i kilomita 4284 kafin rushewarsa. Ya haɗa da garuruwan Hill End, Sofala, Sunny Corner, Rockley, Burraga da Trunkey Creek. == Rushewa da haɗuwa == An sanya Majalisar Evans Shire a cikin jerin sa ido kan kudi na Ma'aikatar Karamar Hukumar a cikin 2002-2003 biyo bayan damuwa cewa ta zama mai dogaro da tallafi da gudummawa daga gwamnatocin jihohi da tarayya. Hukumar Kula da iyakokin karamar hukuma ta NSW ta gabatar da wani shiri don hada Evans Shire da Birnin Bathurst, tare da wasu canje-canjen iyaka da suka shafi LGA da yankin Oberon Shire a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2004. An rushe Evans Shire a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2004, tare da mafi yawan yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na sabon Majalisar Yankin Bathurst. Kimanin kashi 15% na yankin kudu maso gabashin yankin (ciki har da [[Mount David, New South Wales|Dutsen Dauda]] da Burraga) sun zama wani ɓangare na Oberon Shire, tare da karamin yanki na gabashin Tarana da aka raba zuwa Birnin Lithgow. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33|25|00.00|S|149|34|00.00|E|type:adm2nd_region:AU-NSW}} owpefv9pafieixfz7mhnnshan27b64z 827794 827792 2026-04-29T18:39:37Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Rushewa da haɗuwa */ 827794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Evans Shire''' yanki ne na karamar hukuma wanda ke kewaye da [[Bathurst City Council|Birnin Bathurst]] a New South Wales, Australia . An kafa shi a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1977 bayan da aka raba Birnin Bathurst, Abercrombie Shire da Turon Shire tsakanin Bathurst City da Evans Shire.<ref>NSW State Records. [http://investigator.records.nsw.gov.au/Entity.aspx?Path=%5COrganisation%5C132 Evans Shire]</ref> An rushe shi a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2004. Shire, lokacin da aka ayyana shi ne murabba'in kilomita 4277.57 kuma ya karu dan kadan zuwa murabba'i kilomita 4284 kafin rushewarsa. Ya haɗa da garuruwan Hill End, Sofala, Sunny Corner, Rockley, Burraga da Trunkey Creek. == Rushewa da haɗuwa == An sanya Majalisar Evans Shire a cikin jerin sa ido kan kudi na Ma'aikatar Karamar Hukumar a cikin 2002-2003 biyo bayan damuwa cewa ta zama mai dogaro da tallafi da gudummawa daga gwamnatocin jihohi da tarayya.<ref>NSW Minister for Local Government. [http://www.dlg.nsw.gov.au/DLG/Documents/CommissionsTribunals/BC_Proposal_Greater_Bathurst.pdf Proposal for the Creation of a new Greater Bathurst Local Government Area (LGA)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304143912/http://www.dlg.nsw.gov.au/DLG/Documents/CommissionsTribunals/BC_Proposal_Greater_Bathurst.pdf |date=2012-03-04 }}, April 2004.</ref> Hukumar Kula da iyakokin karamar hukuma ta NSW ta gabatar da wani shiri don hada Evans Shire da Birnin Bathurst, tare da wasu canje-canjen iyaka da suka shafi LGA da yankin Oberon Shire a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2004. An rushe Evans Shire a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2004, tare da mafi yawan yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na sabon Majalisar Yankin Bathurst. Kimanin kashi 15% na yankin kudu maso gabashin yankin (ciki har da [[Mount David, New South Wales|Dutsen Dauda]] da Burraga) sun zama wani ɓangare na Oberon Shire, tare da karamin yanki na gabashin Tarana da aka raba zuwa Birnin Lithgow. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33|25|00.00|S|149|34|00.00|E|type:adm2nd_region:AU-NSW}} c24p8v9t1mseu9eutirh55djnwj6byy 827795 827794 2026-04-29T18:41:26Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Rushewa da haɗuwa */ 827795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Evans Shire''' yanki ne na karamar hukuma wanda ke kewaye da [[Bathurst City Council|Birnin Bathurst]] a New South Wales, Australia . An kafa shi a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1977 bayan da aka raba Birnin Bathurst, Abercrombie Shire da Turon Shire tsakanin Bathurst City da Evans Shire.<ref>NSW State Records. [http://investigator.records.nsw.gov.au/Entity.aspx?Path=%5COrganisation%5C132 Evans Shire]</ref> An rushe shi a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2004. Shire, lokacin da aka ayyana shi ne murabba'in kilomita 4277.57 kuma ya karu dan kadan zuwa murabba'i kilomita 4284 kafin rushewarsa. Ya haɗa da garuruwan Hill End, Sofala, Sunny Corner, Rockley, Burraga da Trunkey Creek. == Rushewa da haɗuwa == An sanya Majalisar Evans Shire a cikin jerin sa ido kan kudi na Ma'aikatar Karamar Hukumar a cikin 2002-2003 biyo bayan damuwa cewa ta zama mai dogaro da tallafi da gudummawa daga gwamnatocin jihohi da tarayya.<ref>NSW Minister for Local Government. [http://www.dlg.nsw.gov.au/DLG/Documents/CommissionsTribunals/BC_Proposal_Greater_Bathurst.pdf Proposal for the Creation of a new Greater Bathurst Local Government Area (LGA)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304143912/http://www.dlg.nsw.gov.au/DLG/Documents/CommissionsTribunals/BC_Proposal_Greater_Bathurst.pdf |date=2012-03-04 }}, April 2004.</ref> Hukumar Kula da iyakokin karamar hukuma ta NSW ta gabatar da wani shiri don hada Evans Shire da Birnin Bathurst, tare da wasu canje-canjen iyaka da suka shafi LGA da yankin Oberon Shire a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2004. An rushe Evans Shire a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2004, tare da mafi yawan yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na sabon Majalisar Yankin Bathurst. Kimanin kashi 15% na yankin kudu maso gabashin yankin (ciki har da [[Mount David, New South Wales|Dutsen Dauda]] da Burraga) sun zama wani ɓangare na Oberon Shire,<ref>NSW Minister for Local Government. [http://www.dlg.nsw.gov.au/DLG/Documents/CommissionsTribunals/BC_Proposal_Greater_Bathurst.pdf Proposal for the Creation of a new Greater Bathurst Local Government Area (LGA)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304143912/http://www.dlg.nsw.gov.au/DLG/Documents/CommissionsTribunals/BC_Proposal_Greater_Bathurst.pdf |date=2012-03-04 }}, April 2004.</ref> tare da karamin yanki na gabashin Tarana da aka raba zuwa Birnin Lithgow. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|33|25|00.00|S|149|34|00.00|E|type:adm2nd_region:AU-NSW}} f7wng732i0juhal8i1bls2o98wlpbnj 0 148730 827793 2026-04-29T18:38:11Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Europa League 2021.svg|thumb]] {{Infobox gasa ta ƙwallon ƙafa | suna = UEFA Europa League | girma_hoto = 200px | bayanin_hoto = Kofin UEFA Europa League | kafa = 1971 (kamar UEFA Cup) | yankin = Turai | ƙungiya = UEFA | yawan_ƙungiyoyi = 32 (matakin rukuni) + share fage | cancanta = Ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasashen UEFA | tsarin = Gasar ƙungiyoyi (group stage da knockout) | zakara_na_ƙarshe = (ya danganta da shekara) | mafi_yawan_zakara = [[Sevilla FC]] | k... 827793 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Europa League 2021.svg|thumb]] {{Infobox gasa ta ƙwallon ƙafa | suna = UEFA Europa League | girma_hoto = 200px | bayanin_hoto = Kofin UEFA Europa League | kafa = 1971 (kamar UEFA Cup) | yankin = Turai | ƙungiya = UEFA | yawan_ƙungiyoyi = 32 (matakin rukuni) + share fage | cancanta = Ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasashen UEFA | tsarin = Gasar ƙungiyoyi (group stage da knockout) | zakara_na_ƙarshe = (ya danganta da shekara) | mafi_yawan_zakara = [[Sevilla FC]] | kafafen_watsa_labari = [[UEFA Champions League|UEFA]], talabijin na ƙasashen Turai | shafin_yanar_gizo = https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/ }} '''UEFA Europa League''' gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙungiyoyi wadda Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Turai (UEFA) ke shiryawa duk shekara ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasashen [[Turai]]. Ita ce gasa ta biyu mafi girma bayan UEFA Champions League. <ref>UEFA Official Website</ref> == Tarihi == UEFA Europa League ta fara ne a shekarar 1971 da sunan '''UEFA Cup'''. An ƙirƙire ta domin bai wa ƙarin ƙungiyoyi damar shiga gasa ta Turai, musamman waɗanda ba su kai matakin Champions League ba. A shekarar 2009 aka sauya sunanta zuwa UEFA Europa League tare da sabbin tsare-tsare. <ref>UEFA Competition History</ref> A farkon kafuwarta, gasar tana da tsarin fita-fita kai tsaye (knockout only), amma daga baya aka ƙara tsarin rukuni (group stage) domin ƙara adalci da yawan wasanni. Wannan canji ya sa gasar ta zama mafi shahara da jan hankalin magoya baya. <ref>UEFA Format Changes Report</ref> == Tsarin Gasar == Gasar tana da matakai da dama, ciki har da share fage (qualifiers), matakin rukuni (group stage), da matakin fitar da kai tsaye (knockout stage). Ƙungiyoyi 32 ne ke shiga matakin rukuni inda ake rarraba su zuwa kungiyoyi takwas. <ref>UEFA Competition Regulations</ref> Ƙungiyoyin da suka ci gaba daga rukuni suna shiga zagaye na 16, sannan quarter-final, semi-final, har zuwa wasan ƙarshe. Wanda ya lashe gasar yana samun damar shiga UEFA Champions League na shekara mai zuwa. <ref>UEFA Qualification Rules</ref> == Muhimmancin Gasar == UEFA Europa League na da muhimmanci sosai ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa saboda tana ba su damar samun gogewa a matakin Turai. Haka kuma tana taimakawa ƙungiyoyi wajen samun kuɗin shiga daga tallace-tallace da watsa shirye-shirye. <ref>UEFA Financial Reports</ref> Gasar kuma tana ba ƙananan ƙungiyoyi damar fafatawa da manyan ƙungiyoyi, wanda ke ƙara ingancin ƙwallon ƙafa a Turai gaba ɗaya. <ref>UEFA Development Analysis</ref> == Zakaru da Nasarori == Ƙungiyar da ta fi lashe UEFA Europa League ita ce Sevilla FC daga ƙasar Spain. Sauran ƙungiyoyi masu nasara sun haɗa da Inter Milan, Liverpool, Chelsea, da Atlético Madrid. <ref>UEFA Historical Winners List</ref> == Kammalawa == UEFA Europa League tana daga cikin manyan gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya. Tana da tasiri mai yawa a ci gaban ƙungiyoyin Turai da kuma ƙara ingancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a matakin duniya. <ref>UEFA Overview</ref> 3do1bscri2mpjl6pjejbm0lam08ivb5 827820 827793 2026-04-29T20:14:05Z Mahuta 11340 827820 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Europa League 2021.svg|thumb]] {{Infobox gasa ta ƙwallon ƙafa | suna = UEFA Europa League | girma_hoto = 200px | bayanin_hoto = Kofin UEFA Europa League | kafa = 1971 (kamar UEFA Cup) | yankin = Turai | ƙungiya = UEFA | yawan_ƙungiyoyi = 32 (matakin rukuni) + share fage | cancanta = Ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasashen UEFA | tsarin = Gasar ƙungiyoyi (group stage da knockout) | zakara_na_ƙarshe = (ya danganta da shekara) | mafi_yawan_zakara = [[Sevilla FC]] | kafafen_watsa_labari = [[UEFA Champions League|UEFA]], talabijin na ƙasashen Turai | shafin_yanar_gizo = https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/ }} {{Databox}} '''UEFA Europa League''' gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙungiyoyi wadda Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Turai (UEFA) ke shiryawa duk shekara ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasashen [[Turai]]. Ita ce gasa ta biyu mafi girma bayan UEFA Champions League. <ref>UEFA Official Website</ref> == Tarihi == UEFA Europa League ta fara ne a shekarar 1971 da sunan '''UEFA Cup'''. An ƙirƙire ta domin bai wa ƙarin ƙungiyoyi damar shiga gasa ta Turai, musamman waɗanda ba su kai matakin Champions League ba. A shekarar 2009 aka sauya sunanta zuwa UEFA Europa League tare da sabbin tsare-tsare. <ref>UEFA Competition History</ref> A farkon kafuwarta, gasar tana da tsarin fita-fita kai tsaye (knockout only), amma daga baya aka ƙara tsarin rukuni (group stage) domin ƙara adalci da yawan wasanni. Wannan canji ya sa gasar ta zama mafi shahara da jan hankalin magoya baya. <ref>UEFA Format Changes Report</ref> == Tsarin Gasar == Gasar tana da matakai da dama, ciki har da share fage (qualifiers), matakin rukuni (group stage), da matakin fitar da kai tsaye (knockout stage). Ƙungiyoyi 32 ne ke shiga matakin rukuni inda ake rarraba su zuwa kungiyoyi takwas. <ref>UEFA Competition Regulations</ref> Ƙungiyoyin da suka ci gaba daga rukuni suna shiga zagaye na 16, sannan quarter-final, semi-final, har zuwa wasan ƙarshe. Wanda ya lashe gasar yana samun damar shiga UEFA Champions League na shekara mai zuwa. <ref>UEFA Qualification Rules</ref> == Muhimmancin Gasar == UEFA Europa League na da muhimmanci sosai ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa saboda tana ba su damar samun gogewa a matakin Turai. Haka kuma tana taimakawa ƙungiyoyi wajen samun kuɗin shiga daga tallace-tallace da watsa shirye-shirye. <ref>UEFA Financial Reports</ref> Gasar kuma tana ba ƙananan ƙungiyoyi damar fafatawa da manyan ƙungiyoyi, wanda ke ƙara ingancin ƙwallon ƙafa a Turai gaba ɗaya. <ref>UEFA Development Analysis</ref> == Zakaru da Nasarori == Ƙungiyar da ta fi lashe UEFA Europa League ita ce Sevilla FC daga ƙasar Spain. Sauran ƙungiyoyi masu nasara sun haɗa da Inter Milan, Liverpool, Chelsea, da Atlético Madrid. <ref>UEFA Historical Winners List</ref> == Kammalawa == UEFA Europa League tana daga cikin manyan gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya. Tana da tasiri mai yawa a ci gaban ƙungiyoyin Turai da kuma ƙara ingancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a matakin duniya. <ref>UEFA Overview</ref> j58h1btqrtxn559ax0apm5b5fmwfnfe 827821 827820 2026-04-29T20:14:39Z Mahuta 11340 827821 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Europa League 2021.svg|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''UEFA Europa League''' gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙungiyoyi wadda Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Turai (UEFA) ke shiryawa duk shekara ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasashen [[Turai]]. Ita ce gasa ta biyu mafi girma bayan UEFA Champions League. <ref>UEFA Official Website</ref> == Tarihi == UEFA Europa League ta fara ne a shekarar 1971 da sunan '''UEFA Cup'''. An ƙirƙire ta domin bai wa ƙarin ƙungiyoyi damar shiga gasa ta Turai, musamman waɗanda ba su kai matakin Champions League ba. A shekarar 2009 aka sauya sunanta zuwa UEFA Europa League tare da sabbin tsare-tsare. <ref>UEFA Competition History</ref> A farkon kafuwarta, gasar tana da tsarin fita-fita kai tsaye (knockout only), amma daga baya aka ƙara tsarin rukuni (group stage) domin ƙara adalci da yawan wasanni. Wannan canji ya sa gasar ta zama mafi shahara da jan hankalin magoya baya. <ref>UEFA Format Changes Report</ref> == Tsarin Gasar == Gasar tana da matakai da dama, ciki har da share fage (qualifiers), matakin rukuni (group stage), da matakin fitar da kai tsaye (knockout stage). Ƙungiyoyi 32 ne ke shiga matakin rukuni inda ake rarraba su zuwa kungiyoyi takwas. <ref>UEFA Competition Regulations</ref> Ƙungiyoyin da suka ci gaba daga rukuni suna shiga zagaye na 16, sannan quarter-final, semi-final, har zuwa wasan ƙarshe. Wanda ya lashe gasar yana samun damar shiga UEFA Champions League na shekara mai zuwa. <ref>UEFA Qualification Rules</ref> == Muhimmancin Gasar == UEFA Europa League na da muhimmanci sosai ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa saboda tana ba su damar samun gogewa a matakin Turai. Haka kuma tana taimakawa ƙungiyoyi wajen samun kuɗin shiga daga tallace-tallace da watsa shirye-shirye. <ref>UEFA Financial Reports</ref> Gasar kuma tana ba ƙananan ƙungiyoyi damar fafatawa da manyan ƙungiyoyi, wanda ke ƙara ingancin ƙwallon ƙafa a Turai gaba ɗaya. <ref>UEFA Development Analysis</ref> == Zakaru da Nasarori == Ƙungiyar da ta fi lashe UEFA Europa League ita ce Sevilla FC daga ƙasar Spain. Sauran ƙungiyoyi masu nasara sun haɗa da Inter Milan, Liverpool, Chelsea, da Atlético Madrid. <ref>UEFA Historical Winners List</ref> == Kammalawa == UEFA Europa League tana daga cikin manyan gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya. Tana da tasiri mai yawa a ci gaban ƙungiyoyin Turai da kuma ƙara ingancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a matakin duniya. <ref>UEFA Overview</ref> kesk07pv55oay22dlrwjwsbmpj9714d 0 148731 827805 2026-04-29T19:03:15Z M Bash Ne 12403 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345801127|Federal Government College, Wukari]]" 827805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya, [[Wukari]]''' babbar makarantar koyarwa ce ga maza da mata. Tana cikin Wukari dake jihar[[Jahar Taraba|Taraba]], Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-06 |title=FGC Wukari School Fees For New Students (JSS1 & SSS1) 2020/2021 Session |url=https://schoolings.org/fgc-wukari-school-fees-for-new-students/ |access-date=2020-08-18 |website=Schoolings |language=en-US}}</ref> An kafa shi tare da makarantar sakandare ta tarayya 109 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin makarantun hadin kai a jihohi daban-daban na tarayyar. An bude makarantar a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1978 a Wukari, Zaki Bam, wani wuri na wucin gadi kafin ya koma babban shafin a shekara ta 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |title=fgc Wukari |url=http://www.geocities.ws/fgc_wukari/home.htm |access-date=2020-08-18 |website=www.geocities.ws}}</ref> Shugaban farko shi ne Mista S.N. Abia . == Shahararrun ɗalibai == Daga cikin sanannun tsofaffin ɗaliban Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya, Wukari sune kamar haka: * Dokta Ahizechukwu Eke, Ba'amurke-Ba'amurke, Mataimakin Farfesa na Magungunan Maternal & Gynecology & Obstetrics, Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Johns Hopkins * [[Yohana Izam]] - malamin Najeriya da ma'aikacin gwamnati; ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Jihar Plateau (2018-2023) da Kwamishinan Gidaje da Sufuri a Jihar Platea * [[Babangida Nguroje]] - Dan siyasa; tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya na Sardauna / Gashaka / Kurmi (2003-2011), kuma Mai Gudanar da Ƙasa na Tsohon Majalisar Dokoki ta APC == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin Haɗin waje == [https://fgcwukari.centralbillingfuc.com/ Gidan yanar gizon makarantar] [[Rukuni:Makaranta]] [[Rukuni:Gine-gine]] [[Rukuni:Aji]] [[Rukuni:Najeriya]] 7j371qe3p8ihz2zzsppu2xyes0or9a8 827953 827805 2026-04-30T10:41:55Z M Bash Ne 12403 /* Manazarta */ 827953 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya, [[Wukari]]''' babbar makarantar koyarwa ce ga maza da mata. Tana cikin Wukari dake jihar[[Jahar Taraba|Taraba]], Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-06 |title=FGC Wukari School Fees For New Students (JSS1 & SSS1) 2020/2021 Session |url=https://schoolings.org/fgc-wukari-school-fees-for-new-students/ |access-date=2020-08-18 |website=Schoolings |language=en-US}}</ref> An kafa shi tare da makarantar sakandare ta tarayya 109 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin makarantun hadin kai a jihohi daban-daban na tarayyar. An bude makarantar a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1978 a Wukari, Zaki Bam, wani wuri na wucin gadi kafin ya koma babban shafin a shekara ta 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |title=fgc Wukari |url=http://www.geocities.ws/fgc_wukari/home.htm |access-date=2020-08-18 |website=www.geocities.ws}}</ref> Shugaban farko shi ne Mista S.N. Abia . == Shahararrun ɗalibai == Daga cikin sanannun tsofaffin ɗaliban Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya, Wukari sune kamar haka: * Dokta Ahizechukwu Eke, Ba'amurke-Ba'amurke, Mataimakin Farfesa na Magungunan Maternal & Gynecology & Obstetrics, Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Johns Hopkins * [[Yohana Izam]] - malamin Najeriya da ma'aikacin gwamnati; ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Jihar Plateau (2018-2023) da Kwamishinan Gidaje da Sufuri a Jihar Platea * [[Babangida Nguroje]] - Dan siyasa; tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya na Sardauna / Gashaka / Kurmi (2003-2011), kuma Mai Gudanar da Ƙasa na Tsohon Majalisar Dokoki ta APC == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin Haɗin waje == [https://fgcwukari.centralbillingfuc.com/ Gidan yanar gizon makarantar] [[Rukuni:Makaranta]] [[Rukuni:Gine-gine]] [[Rukuni:Aji]] [[Rukuni:Najeriya]] mhz501rwcg8zi7qbt7b603e1h8l7whq 827954 827953 2026-04-30T10:42:27Z M Bash Ne 12403 827954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya, [[Wukari]]''' babbar makarantar koyarwa ce ga maza da mata. Tana cikin Wukari dake jihar[[Jahar Taraba|Taraba]], Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-06 |title=FGC Wukari School Fees For New Students (JSS1 & SSS1) 2020/2021 Session |url=https://schoolings.org/fgc-wukari-school-fees-for-new-students/ |access-date=2020-08-18 |website=Schoolings |language=en-US}}</ref> An kafa shi tare da makarantar sakandare ta tarayya 109 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin makarantun hadin kai a jihohi daban-daban na tarayyar. An bude makarantar a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1978 a Wukari, Zaki Bam, wani wuri na wucin gadi kafin ya koma babban shafin a shekara ta 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |title=fgc Wukari |url=http://www.geocities.ws/fgc_wukari/home.htm |access-date=2020-08-18 |website=www.geocities.ws}}</ref> Shugaban farko shi ne Mista S.N. Abia . == Shahararrun ɗalibai == Daga cikin sanannun tsofaffin ɗaliban Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya, Wukari sune kamar haka: * Dokta Ahizechukwu Eke, Ba'amurke-Ba'amurke, Mataimakin Farfesa na Magungunan Maternal & Gynecology & Obstetrics, Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Johns Hopkins * [[Yohana Izam]] - malamin Najeriya da ma'aikacin gwamnati; ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Jihar Plateau (2018-2023) da Kwamishinan Gidaje da Sufuri a Jihar Platea * [[Babangida Nguroje]] - Dan siyasa; tsohon memba na Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya na Sardauna / Gashaka / Kurmi (2003-2011), kuma Mai Gudanar da Ƙasa na Tsohon Majalisar Dokoki ta APC == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin Haɗin waje == [https://fgcwukari.centralbillingfuc.com/ Gidan yanar gizon makarantar] [[Rukuni:Makaranta]] [[Rukuni:Gine-gine]] [[Rukuni:Aji]] [[Rukuni:Najeriya]] sk8mqe91c9wduevtbhf5w4hkk3x5jqq 3 148732 827835 2026-04-29T21:23:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827835 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hadiza muhammad! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hadiza muhammad|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) nopw2sij34du9cha5mso1u1jjmkg1l0 3 148733 827836 2026-04-29T21:23:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827836 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Zer0thenumber! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Zer0thenumber|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 6xgfouqu4n7mnamrr8lwu39xvicnpfg 3 148734 827837 2026-04-29T21:23:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827837 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ChristoRobin! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ChristoRobin|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) gy210nx2gulnxtgs5x5w8felm95droq 3 148735 827838 2026-04-29T21:23:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827838 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, P0pular Ahmad! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/P0pular Ahmad|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) i9z3o5awvnd01mbh3ully6ud9d5tass 3 148736 827840 2026-04-29T21:23:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827840 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Choi Saseum! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Choi Saseum|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) c0tx199x2b6vmqjy6zi72ygexh9a5mu 3 148737 827841 2026-04-29T21:24:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827841 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Rhjenkins! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Rhjenkins|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) fu4jtqwb0jklq6jkvfwmr33mz3rt2sd 3 148738 827842 2026-04-29T21:24:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827842 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tinkaer1991! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tinkaer1991|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) kgtpe2nd1w7dz1y6d1ueaap0103leqf 3 148739 827843 2026-04-29T21:24:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827843 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Chamaenerion! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Chamaenerion|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) tpl6rvbvjziljlalhogtdvfft33zadh 3 148740 827844 2026-04-29T21:24:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827844 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TangoAF! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TangoAF|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 00psgnuvgben2d0euzdqkpuzd3vilry 3 148741 827845 2026-04-29T21:24:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827845 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sita Begum! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sita Begum|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 7l9nxz1qo2fe77iarfozc0v8ys6bjjg 3 148742 827846 2026-04-29T21:24:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827846 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Isaacmuscat! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Isaacmuscat|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 8ftu1yruo9pxggzqtcf9x3hdiujhdx1 3 148743 827847 2026-04-29T21:25:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827847 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Salisu Amina Tasiu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Salisu Amina Tasiu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) hdnzhm1bn28t6w7gxfbnsl4zyputtk0 3 148744 827848 2026-04-29T21:25:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827848 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ishagx! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ishagx|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) ihsywinwe5wlxh13v5w4xopnyf630dn 3 148745 827849 2026-04-29T21:25:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827849 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Alexandra IDV! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Alexandra IDV|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) cx43et46jxdyfgfg45uhnhbge5067l7 3 148746 827850 2026-04-29T21:25:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827850 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, S maps! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/S maps|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) pwzo83qii3e7bzwgnss3cze3nv0mui1 3 148747 827851 2026-04-29T21:25:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827851 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 信号ハンマー! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/信号ハンマー|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) hnt5lbh3kaj5wtjw7hrfxhepru9x5s4 3 148748 827852 2026-04-29T21:25:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827852 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Roanryan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Roanryan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) sk0i0ziioz05sec4729474s89zk0gem 3 148749 827853 2026-04-29T21:26:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827853 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, AlbrtChan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/AlbrtChan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 2bh7cwtdib0gihfps4f7bxhoyjh6p4g 3 148750 827854 2026-04-29T21:26:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827854 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Skander zarrad! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Skander zarrad|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 5kf0tjyct8uyqez8bwgcmx2g2rz622s 3 148751 827855 2026-04-29T21:26:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827855 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ねこ8! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ねこ8|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) kfgfhr3fgnxvg6kxff6wg9mnoidacmo 3 148752 827856 2026-04-29T21:26:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827856 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Aman2327! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Aman2327|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) tly1a3fley2d7vyhk4vqktflsirfed8 3 148753 827857 2026-04-29T21:26:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827857 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Lord vom Ork! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Lord vom Ork|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) esefbk0ah6b7g5inpuldgl5r9bdzo30 3 148754 827858 2026-04-29T21:26:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827858 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Laban kure! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Laban kure|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 654p73omw80grn38jj36f8g78ygq61m 3 148755 827859 2026-04-29T21:27:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 827859 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Deen Ahmad! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Deen Ahmad|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) rte5dqqnyruelx6cjz5jkelohh280wm 0 148756 827900 2026-04-30T05:07:26Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1331522152|Further research is needed]]" 827900 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Pre-term_corticosteroid_data.svg|thumb|400x400px|An tsara blobbogram don nuna ko ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike. Nazarin da ke tsallaka layin tsaye ba su da tabbas. A nan taƙaitaccen (lu'u-lu'u na ƙasa) ya nuna cewa magani ya hana jarirai mutuwa. Ba a buƙatar ƙarin karatu kamar waɗannan.]] "'''Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike'''" ('''FRIN'''), "'''Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike'''<nowiki/>' kuma ana amfani da wasu bambance-bambance na irin waɗannan kalmomi a cikin takardun bincike. Wannan hoton ya zama ruwan dare gama gari har ya jawo hankalin bincike, tsari da sharhin al'adu. == Ma'anar == Wasu mujallu na bincike sun haramta kalmar nan "an buƙaci ƙarin bincike" saboda haka ba shi da amfani; kusan koyaushe gaskiya ne kuma ya dace da kusan kowane labarin, don haka ana iya ɗaukarsa kamar yadda aka fahimta. Binciken bincike na shekara ta 2004 ta hanyar Haɗin gwiwar Cochrane na nasu tsarin binciken likita ya gano cewa kashi 93% na sake dubawa da aka yi nazarin sun yi maganganun FRIN-kamar yadda ba su nuna bambanci ba, suna rage ikon su na jagorantar bincike na gaba. Kasancewar FRIN ba shi da alaƙa da ƙarfin shaidar da ke adawa da sa hannun likita. Marubutan da suka yi tunanin magani ba shi da amfani sun kasance masu yiwuwa ne su ba da shawarar ci gaba da bincike. Lalle ne, marubutan na iya ba da shawarar "ƙarin bincike" lokacin da, idan aka ba da shaidar da ke akwai, ƙarin bincike ba zai yiwu kwamitin ɗabi'a ya amince da shi ba. Binciken da aka gano cewa magani ba shi da wani tasiri mai bayyana, wani lokacin ana maraba da shi da maganganun cewa "ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike" daga waɗanda suka gamsu cewa maganin yana da tasiri, amma har yanzu ba a sami tasirin ba. Tunda ko da babban binciken ba zai iya kawar da tasirin da ba shi da iyaka ba, ana iya nuna cewa tasirin ba shi da mahimmanci, ba shi da wani tasiri. Hakazalika, Trish Greenhalgh, Farfesa a Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Farko a Jami'ar Oxford, ta yi jayayya cewa ana amfani da FRIN sau da yawa a matsayin hanyar da "[l] tarin shaidu masu ƙarfi don tallafawa hasashen asali za a sake tsara su a matsayin shaida cewa ana buƙatar ninka ƙoƙarin saka hannun jari", da kuma hanyar guje wa ɓata bege da sha'awa. Ta kuma bayyana FRIN a matsayin "alama cewa tunani mai zurfi kan batun ya daina", tana mai cewa "kusan ba shine kawai ƙarshen ma'ana da za a iya samowa daga tarin bayanai marasa kyau, marasa tabbas, marasa cikawa ko masu karo da juna ba." == Magana da wannan magana == Greenhalgh ya ba da shawarar cewa, saboda maganganun FRIN marasa ma'ana wata hujja ce cewa "ya kamata a sanya saka hannun jari na bincike na gobe a cikin daidai [[wiktionary:kick into the long grass|wannan yanki na dogon ciyawa]] kamar na jiya", ya kamata a ƙi kudade ga waɗanda ke yin su. Ita da sauransu suna jayayya cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin tunani da bincike a cikin hanyoyin don tantance inda ake buƙatar ƙarin bincike. Editocin mujallar ilimi sun haramta maganganun FRIN marasa cancanta tun daga farkon 1990, suna buƙatar ƙarin takamaiman bayani kamar wane irin bincike ake buƙata, da kuma waɗanne tambayoyin da ya kamata su magance. Masu bincike da kansu sun ba da shawarar cewa Labaran bincike sun ba da cikakken bayani game da abin da ake buƙata. Wannan al'ada ce a wasu fannoni. Sauran masu sharhi sun ba da shawarar cewa labaran za su amfana ta hanyar kimanta yiwuwar ƙimar ƙarin bincike. == Misali == Ana iya yin watsi da buƙatar ƙarin bincike da rashin buƙatarsa. Wannan rubutun da ke jagorantar wannan labarin ya fito ne daga wani bita na tsari; yana nuna gwaje-gwaje na asibiti na amfani da corticosteroids don hanzarta ci gaban huhu a cikin masu juna biyu inda ake iya haihuwar jariri da wuri. Bayan dogon lokaci da aka sami isassun shaidu da ke nuna cewa wannan maganin ya ceci rayukan jarirai, ba a san shaidar sosai ba, ba a yi amfani da maganin sosai ba, kuma an yi ƙarin bincike kan wannan tambayar. Bayan bitar ta ƙara bayyana shaidar, an yi amfani da maganin sosai, wanda ya hana dubban jarirai kafin lokacin haihuwa mutuwa daga ciwon numfashi na jarirai. Koyaya, lokacin da aka fitar da magani a cikin ƙasashe masu karami da matsakaicin kuɗi, bayanan farko sun nuna cewa wasu jarirai da ba su da haihuwa sun mutu. An yi tunanin cewa wannan na iya zama saboda haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, wanda zai iya kashe jariri a wuraren da ke da kulawar likita mara kyau da uwaye marasa abinci mai gina jiki. Sakamakon 2017 na bita ya ce akwai "karamin buƙata" don ƙarin bincike game da amfanin magani a ƙasashe masu samun kuɗi, amma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike kan mafi kyawun sashi da kuma yadda za a bi da iyaye mata masu karamin kuɗi da haɗari. An ci gaba da bincike, kuma an gano cewa maganin ya amfana da jarirai a kasashe masu karamin karfi. Sakamakon binciken na Disamba 2020 ya bayyana cewa "shaidar [cewa magani yana ceton jarirai] tana da ƙarfi, ba tare da la'akari da saitin albarkatun ba (babban, tsakiya ko ƙasa) " kuma cewa ci gaba da bincike ya kamata ya mai da hankali kan "ƙayyadaddun ƙananan ƙungiyoyi kamar juna biyu da sauran ƙungiyoyin haihuwa masu haɗari, da haɗari da fa'idodi a farkon ko ƙarshen lokaci". == A cikin al'adu == Ra'ayin cewa takardun bincike koyaushe suna ƙare tare da wasu bambance-bambance na FRIN an bayyana su a matsayin "tsohuwar wasa" a cikin editan cututtukan cututtukani na 1999. An ba da shawarar FRIN a matsayin matsayin da ya kamata 'yan siyasa su dauki ikirarin da ba a tabbatar da shi ba. Bukatar ci gaba da bincike kan tambayoyin da suka dace da manufofin siyasa na iya haifar da yanke shawara mafi kyau, amma kuma an yi amfani da maganganun FRIN cikin mummunar bangaskiya: alal misali, don jinkirta yanke shawara na siyasa, ko kuma a matsayin hujja don yin watsi da ilimin bincike na yanzu (kamar yadda kamfanonin nicotine suka yi). Masu tsara manufofi na iya ba su san binciken da ke akwai ba; ba sa yawan bincika bayanan bayanai na wallafe-wallafen bincike, sun fi son amfani da [[Google]] kuma su nemi abokan aiki don takardun bincike.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tellmann |first=Silje M. |title="Further Research is Needed!" - OSIRIS - Oslo Institute for Research on the Impact of Science |url=https://www.sv.uio.no/tik/english/research/centre/osiris/osirisblog/further-research-is-needed.html |access-date=30 October 2021 |website=www.sv.uio.no |publisher=OSIRIS - Oslo Institute for Research on the Impact of Science |language=en}}</ref> An ba da shawarar FRIN a matsayin ƙa'idar rayuwa, wanda ya dace a ko'ina sai dai takardun bincike; an buga shi a kan T-shirts, kuma shafin yanar gizon "Collectively Unconscious" ya yi masa ba'a, wanda ya ba da rahoton cewa wani labarin a cikin mujallar Science ya kammala cewa "babu ƙarin bincike da ake buƙata, a ko'ida, a ko ta yaya, ko'ina, ko'a. Webcomic xkcd ya kuma yi amfani da wannan magana a matsayin batu, don satire kai, kuma a matsayin bathetic punchline. [maɓuɓɓugar da aka samar da mai amfani] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a user-generated source. (January 2026)">user-generated source</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5dhlhbotvtwyp6hxzqnx2fyoj9fepnl 827901 827900 2026-04-30T05:08:05Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 827901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Pre-term_corticosteroid_data.svg|thumb|400x400px|An tsara blobbogram don nuna ko ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike. Nazarin da ke tsallaka layin tsaye ba su da tabbas. A nan taƙaitaccen (lu'u-lu'u na ƙasa) ya nuna cewa magani ya hana jarirai mutuwa. Ba a buƙatar ƙarin karatu kamar waɗannan.]] "'''Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike'''" ('''FRIN'''), "'''Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike'''<nowiki/>' kuma ana amfani da wasu bambance-bambance na irin waɗannan kalmomi a cikin takardun bincike. Wannan hoton ya zama ruwan dare gama gari har ya jawo hankalin bincike, tsari da sharhin al'adu. == Ma'anar == Wasu mujallu na bincike sun haramta kalmar nan "an buƙaci ƙarin bincike" saboda haka ba shi da amfani; kusan koyaushe gaskiya ne kuma ya dace da kusan kowane labarin, don haka ana iya ɗaukarsa kamar yadda aka fahimta. Binciken bincike na shekara ta 2004 ta hanyar Haɗin gwiwar Cochrane na nasu tsarin binciken likita ya gano cewa kashi 93% na sake dubawa da aka yi nazarin sun yi maganganun FRIN-kamar yadda ba su nuna bambanci ba, suna rage ikon su na jagorantar bincike na gaba. Kasancewar FRIN ba shi da alaƙa da ƙarfin shaidar da ke adawa da sa hannun likita. Marubutan da suka yi tunanin magani ba shi da amfani sun kasance masu yiwuwa ne su ba da shawarar ci gaba da bincike. Lalle ne, marubutan na iya ba da shawarar "ƙarin bincike" lokacin da, idan aka ba da shaidar da ke akwai, ƙarin bincike ba zai yiwu kwamitin ɗabi'a ya amince da shi ba. Binciken da aka gano cewa magani ba shi da wani tasiri mai bayyana, wani lokacin ana maraba da shi da maganganun cewa "ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike" daga waɗanda suka gamsu cewa maganin yana da tasiri, amma har yanzu ba a sami tasirin ba. Tunda ko da babban binciken ba zai iya kawar da tasirin da ba shi da iyaka ba, ana iya nuna cewa tasirin ba shi da mahimmanci, ba shi da wani tasiri. Hakazalika, Trish Greenhalgh, Farfesa a Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Farko a Jami'ar Oxford, ta yi jayayya cewa ana amfani da FRIN sau da yawa a matsayin hanyar da "[l] tarin shaidu masu ƙarfi don tallafawa hasashen asali za a sake tsara su a matsayin shaida cewa ana buƙatar ninka ƙoƙarin saka hannun jari", da kuma hanyar guje wa ɓata bege da sha'awa. Ta kuma bayyana FRIN a matsayin "alama cewa tunani mai zurfi kan batun ya daina", tana mai cewa "kusan ba shine kawai ƙarshen ma'ana da za a iya samowa daga tarin bayanai marasa kyau, marasa tabbas, marasa cikawa ko masu karo da juna ba." == Magana da wannan magana == Greenhalgh ya ba da shawarar cewa, saboda maganganun FRIN marasa ma'ana wata hujja ce cewa "ya kamata a sanya saka hannun jari na bincike na gobe a cikin daidai [[wiktionary:kick into the long grass|wannan yanki na dogon ciyawa]] kamar na jiya", ya kamata a ƙi kudade ga waɗanda ke yin su. Ita da sauransu suna jayayya cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin tunani da bincike a cikin hanyoyin don tantance inda ake buƙatar ƙarin bincike. Editocin mujallar ilimi sun haramta maganganun FRIN marasa cancanta tun daga farkon 1990, suna buƙatar ƙarin takamaiman bayani kamar wane irin bincike ake buƙata, da kuma waɗanne tambayoyin da ya kamata su magance. Masu bincike da kansu sun ba da shawarar cewa Labaran bincike sun ba da cikakken bayani game da abin da ake buƙata. Wannan al'ada ce a wasu fannoni. Sauran masu sharhi sun ba da shawarar cewa labaran za su amfana ta hanyar kimanta yiwuwar ƙimar ƙarin bincike. == Misali == Ana iya yin watsi da buƙatar ƙarin bincike da rashin buƙatarsa. Wannan rubutun da ke jagorantar wannan labarin ya fito ne daga wani bita na tsari; yana nuna gwaje-gwaje na asibiti na amfani da corticosteroids don hanzarta ci gaban huhu a cikin masu juna biyu inda ake iya haihuwar jariri da wuri. Bayan dogon lokaci da aka sami isassun shaidu da ke nuna cewa wannan maganin ya ceci rayukan jarirai, ba a san shaidar sosai ba, ba a yi amfani da maganin sosai ba, kuma an yi ƙarin bincike kan wannan tambayar. Bayan bitar ta ƙara bayyana shaidar, an yi amfani da maganin sosai, wanda ya hana dubban jarirai kafin lokacin haihuwa mutuwa daga ciwon numfashi na jarirai. Koyaya, lokacin da aka fitar da magani a cikin ƙasashe masu karami da matsakaicin kuɗi, bayanan farko sun nuna cewa wasu jarirai da ba su da haihuwa sun mutu. An yi tunanin cewa wannan na iya zama saboda haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, wanda zai iya kashe jariri a wuraren da ke da kulawar likita mara kyau da uwaye marasa abinci mai gina jiki. Sakamakon 2017 na bita ya ce akwai "karamin buƙata" don ƙarin bincike game da amfanin magani a ƙasashe masu samun kuɗi, amma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike kan mafi kyawun sashi da kuma yadda za a bi da iyaye mata masu karamin kuɗi da haɗari. An ci gaba da bincike, kuma an gano cewa maganin ya amfana da jarirai a kasashe masu karamin karfi. Sakamakon binciken na Disamba 2020 ya bayyana cewa "shaidar [cewa magani yana ceton jarirai] tana da ƙarfi, ba tare da la'akari da saitin albarkatun ba (babban, tsakiya ko ƙasa) " kuma cewa ci gaba da bincike ya kamata ya mai da hankali kan "ƙayyadaddun ƙananan ƙungiyoyi kamar juna biyu da sauran ƙungiyoyin haihuwa masu haɗari, da haɗari da fa'idodi a farkon ko ƙarshen lokaci". == A cikin al'adu == Ra'ayin cewa takardun bincike koyaushe suna ƙare tare da wasu bambance-bambance na FRIN an bayyana su a matsayin "tsohuwar wasa" a cikin editan cututtukan cututtukani na 1999. An ba da shawarar FRIN a matsayin matsayin da ya kamata 'yan siyasa su dauki ikirarin da ba a tabbatar da shi ba. Bukatar ci gaba da bincike kan tambayoyin da suka dace da manufofin siyasa na iya haifar da yanke shawara mafi kyau, amma kuma an yi amfani da maganganun FRIN cikin mummunar bangaskiya: alal misali, don jinkirta yanke shawara na siyasa, ko kuma a matsayin hujja don yin watsi da ilimin bincike na yanzu (kamar yadda kamfanonin nicotine suka yi). Masu tsara manufofi na iya ba su san binciken da ke akwai ba; ba sa yawan bincika bayanan bayanai na wallafe-wallafen bincike, sun fi son amfani da [[Google]] kuma su nemi abokan aiki don takardun bincike.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tellmann |first=Silje M. |title="Further Research is Needed!" - OSIRIS - Oslo Institute for Research on the Impact of Science |url=https://www.sv.uio.no/tik/english/research/centre/osiris/osirisblog/further-research-is-needed.html |access-date=30 October 2021 |website=www.sv.uio.no |publisher=OSIRIS - Oslo Institute for Research on the Impact of Science |language=en}}</ref> An ba da shawarar FRIN a matsayin ƙa'idar rayuwa, wanda ya dace a ko'ina sai dai takardun bincike; an buga shi a kan T-shirts, kuma shafin yanar gizon "Collectively Unconscious" ya yi masa ba'a, wanda ya ba da rahoton cewa wani labarin a cikin mujallar Science ya kammala cewa "babu ƙarin bincike da ake buƙata, a ko'ida, a ko ta yaya, ko'ina, ko'a. Webcomic xkcd ya kuma yi amfani da wannan magana a matsayin batu, don satire kai, kuma a matsayin bathetic punchline. [maɓuɓɓugar da aka samar da mai amfani] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a user-generated source. (January 2026)">user-generated source</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1afg47wpw8vwn8fobbyea6u15j6bsb0 0 148757 827909 2026-04-30T07:28:05Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333740489|Timestamp (film)]]" 827909 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Timestamp''''' (Ukrainian: «Стрічка часу», rumanci: Strichka chasu) fim din gaskiya ne wanda Kateryna Gornostai ya rubuta kuma ya bada umurni. Fim din labarin rayuwar malamai da dalibai ne na yau da kullum daga kowacce kusurwa na kasar Yukren.<ref name="ts:sd">{{Cite web |last=Leffler |first=Rebecca |date=21 January 2025 |title=Best Friend Forever scoops Ukrainian school doc 'Timestamp' ahead of Berlin competition bow (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/best-friend-forever-scoops-ukrainian-school-doc-timestamp-ahead-of-berlin-competition-bow-exclusive/5200968.article |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="pravda:ts">{{Cite web |last=Anastasiia Bolshakova |date=21 January 2025 |title=Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Pravda |language=en}}</ref> An zaɓi haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa tsakanin Yikren, Luxembourg, Netherlands, da Faransa, a yayin Gasar a Bikin Fina-Finai na Berlin na 75, inda fim in ya fafata don lamban yabo na Golden Bear kuma ta fara nunawa a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2025 a Berlinale Palast . <ref name="maincomp:sd">{{Cite web |last=Rosser |first=Michael |date=21 January 2025 |title=Berlin film festival reveals 2025 competition line-up 2025 |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/berlin-film-festival-reveals-2025-competition-line-up/5200946.article |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref> == Abunda ya kunsa == A shirin Timestamp ba’a yi amfani da murya ba, tambayoyi, da tarihi ba. Maimakon haka, yana mai da hankali kan kwatanta tasirin yaƙin da ya ke faruwa a Yukren a rayuwar yau da kullun, yana ɗaukar ƙalubale da wahalhalu na rayuwa a ƙarƙashin barazana ta yau da kullun.<ref name="pravda:ts">{{Cite web |last=Anastasiia Bolshakova |date=21 January 2025 |title=Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Pravda |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnastasiia_Bolshakova2025">Anastasiia Bolshakova (21 January 2025). [https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ "Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years"]. ''Pravda''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin kalmomin darektan Kateryna Gornostai, {{Blockquote|"We focused on the everyday moments and simple school experiences, like tears during the first bell ceremony, a senior playing Saint Nicholas, and the colorful ribbons in the hands of graduates. All of this, of course, is set against the backdrop of war. Students often study in shelters due to air raids, the principal shows the damaged and sealed-off parts of the school while lessons continue in another wing, and an online graduation is marked by a bell taken out of Bakhmut. The war has permeated everyday life, but all we can do is continue living and learning."}} Zoya Lytvyn, wanda ya kafa Osvitoria ya ce game da fim din, "Muna so mu tunatar da duniya cewa yakin a Yilukren yana nan yana ci gaba, yara da malamai suna biyan farashi mai tsanani ga ainihin haƙƙokin ilimi"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lina Mostavlyuk |date=21 January 2025 |title=Ukrainian film about schooling during war enters Berlinale's main competitio |url=https://global.espreso.tv/culture-ukrainian-film-about-schooling-during-war-enters-berlinales-main-competition |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Global Espresso |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya nuna rayuwar makaranta a Cherkasy, [[Kharkiv]], Borodianka, da Bucha a yankin [[Kiev|Kyiv]], yana nuna juriya da gwagwarmayar waɗannan al'ummomin. Akwai wani lokaci a cikin fim din inda, a lokacin jana'iza a Romny, Yankin Sumy, kwanaki biyu da suka gabata, wani harin jirgin sama na Rasha ya lalata makarantar garin, ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar shugaban makarantan, mataimakin shugaban makarantar, mai kula da ɗakin karatu, da sakatare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Polina Gorlach |date=21 January 2025 |title=Фільм Катерини Горностай "Стрічка часу" змагатиметься за головну нагороду Берлінале |trans-title=Kateryna Gornostai's film "The Tape of Time" will compete for the main award of the Berlinale |url=https://suspilne.media/culture/929463-za-golovnu-nagorodu-berlinale-zmagatimetsa-nova-dokumentalna-stricka-katerini-gornostaj-stricka-casu/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Suspilne Kultura |language=uk}}</ref> == ‘Yan wasa == * Olha Bryhynets * Borys Khovriak * Mykola Kolomiiets * Valeriia Hukova * Mykola Shpak == Godiya gaisuwa == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Kyautar !Ranar bikin !Sashe !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |CPH:FORUM |21 Maris 2024 |Eurimages New Lab Outreach Award |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Won}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vladan Petkovic |date=22 March 2024 |title=Kateryna Gornostai's Timestamp wins the top prize at CPH:FORUM |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/458950/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[Cineuropa]] |language=en}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Berlin | rowspan="2" |23 Fabrairu 2025 |Bear na Zinariya |Kateryna Gornostai| {{Nom}} | align="center" |<ref name="osc:hr">{{Cite web |last=Scott Roxborough |date=21 January 2025 |title=Berlin Film Festival Lineup: Movies From Richard Linklater, Michel Franco, Hang Song-Soo in Competition (Full List) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/berlin-film-festival-2025-lineup-competition-program-1236113007/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Fim ta Berlinale |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Nom}} | align="center" |<ref name="bda:acc">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2025 |title=Jury Berlinale Documentary Award |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/news-press-releases/262790.html |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=Berlinale}}</ref> |- |- |Bikin Fim na Warsaw |19 ga Oktoba 2025 |Kyautar Masu sauraro ta Ruhu Mai Kyau |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Won}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The winners of the Audience Poll |url=https://wff.pl/en/filmy/nada}}</ref> |- |} * Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine * Jerin gabatarwar Ukrainian don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Fim na Duniya {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|tt35500333}} * [https://osvitoria.org/en/timestamp/ ''Alamar Lokaci''] a Osvitoria * [https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/programme/202509478.html ''Alamar Lokaci''] a Berlinale ezqkn7ecrt2rte3nujsezorkwfokqsx 827910 827909 2026-04-30T07:28:48Z Uncle Bash007 9891 827910 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Timestamp''''' (Ukrainian: «Стрічка часу», rumanci: Strichka chasu) fim din gaskiya ne wanda Kateryna Gornostai ya rubuta kuma ya bada umurni. Fim din labarin rayuwar malamai da dalibai ne na yau da kullum daga kowacce kusurwa na kasar Yukren.<ref name="ts:sd">{{Cite web |last=Leffler |first=Rebecca |date=21 January 2025 |title=Best Friend Forever scoops Ukrainian school doc 'Timestamp' ahead of Berlin competition bow (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/best-friend-forever-scoops-ukrainian-school-doc-timestamp-ahead-of-berlin-competition-bow-exclusive/5200968.article |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="pravda:ts">{{Cite web |last=Anastasiia Bolshakova |date=21 January 2025 |title=Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Pravda |language=en}}</ref> An zaɓi haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa tsakanin Yikren, Luxembourg, Netherlands, da Faransa, a yayin Gasar a Bikin Fina-Finai na Berlin na 75, inda fim in ya fafata don lamban yabo na Golden Bear kuma ta fara nunawa a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2025 a Berlinale Palast . <ref name="maincomp:sd">{{Cite web |last=Rosser |first=Michael |date=21 January 2025 |title=Berlin film festival reveals 2025 competition line-up 2025 |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/berlin-film-festival-reveals-2025-competition-line-up/5200946.article |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref> == Abunda ya kunsa == A shirin Timestamp ba’a yi amfani da murya ba, tambayoyi, da tarihi ba. Maimakon haka, yana mai da hankali kan kwatanta tasirin yaƙin da ya ke faruwa a Yukren a rayuwar yau da kullun, yana ɗaukar ƙalubale da wahalhalu na rayuwa a ƙarƙashin barazana ta yau da kullun.<ref name="pravda:ts">{{Cite web |last=Anastasiia Bolshakova |date=21 January 2025 |title=Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Pravda |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnastasiia_Bolshakova2025">Anastasiia Bolshakova (21 January 2025). [https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ "Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years"]. ''Pravda''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin kalmomin darektan Kateryna Gornostai, {{Blockquote|"We focused on the everyday moments and simple school experiences, like tears during the first bell ceremony, a senior playing Saint Nicholas, and the colorful ribbons in the hands of graduates. All of this, of course, is set against the backdrop of war. Students often study in shelters due to air raids, the principal shows the damaged and sealed-off parts of the school while lessons continue in another wing, and an online graduation is marked by a bell taken out of Bakhmut. The war has permeated everyday life, but all we can do is continue living and learning."}} Zoya Lytvyn, wanda ya kafa Osvitoria ya ce game da fim din, "Muna so mu tunatar da duniya cewa yakin a Yilukren yana nan yana ci gaba, yara da malamai suna biyan farashi mai tsanani ga ainihin haƙƙokin ilimi"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lina Mostavlyuk |date=21 January 2025 |title=Ukrainian film about schooling during war enters Berlinale's main competitio |url=https://global.espreso.tv/culture-ukrainian-film-about-schooling-during-war-enters-berlinales-main-competition |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Global Espresso |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya nuna rayuwar makaranta a Cherkasy, [[Kharkiv]], Borodianka, da Bucha a yankin [[Kiev|Kyiv]], yana nuna juriya da gwagwarmayar waɗannan al'ummomin. Akwai wani lokaci a cikin fim din inda, a lokacin jana'iza a Romny, Yankin Sumy, kwanaki biyu da suka gabata, wani harin jirgin sama na Rasha ya lalata makarantar garin, ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar shugaban makarantan, mataimakin shugaban makarantar, mai kula da ɗakin karatu, da sakatare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Polina Gorlach |date=21 January 2025 |title=Фільм Катерини Горностай "Стрічка часу" змагатиметься за головну нагороду Берлінале |trans-title=Kateryna Gornostai's film "The Tape of Time" will compete for the main award of the Berlinale |url=https://suspilne.media/culture/929463-za-golovnu-nagorodu-berlinale-zmagatimetsa-nova-dokumentalna-stricka-katerini-gornostaj-stricka-casu/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Suspilne Kultura |language=uk}}</ref> == ‘Yan wasa == * Olha Bryhynets * Borys Khovriak * Mykola Kolomiiets * Valeriia Hukova * Mykola Shpak == Godiya gaisuwa == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Kyautar !Ranar bikin !Sashe !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |CPH:FORUM |21 Maris 2024 |Eurimages New Lab Outreach Award |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Won}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vladan Petkovic |date=22 March 2024 |title=Kateryna Gornostai's Timestamp wins the top prize at CPH:FORUM |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/458950/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[Cineuropa]] |language=en}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Berlin | rowspan="2" |23 Fabrairu 2025 |Bear na Zinariya |Kateryna Gornostai| {{Nom}} | align="center" |<ref name="osc:hr">{{Cite web |last=Scott Roxborough |date=21 January 2025 |title=Berlin Film Festival Lineup: Movies From Richard Linklater, Michel Franco, Hang Song-Soo in Competition (Full List) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/berlin-film-festival-2025-lineup-competition-program-1236113007/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Fim ta Berlinale |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Nom}} | align="center" |<ref name="bda:acc">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2025 |title=Jury Berlinale Documentary Award |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/news-press-releases/262790.html |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=Berlinale}}</ref> |- |- |Bikin Fim na Warsaw |19 ga Oktoba 2025 |Kyautar Masu sauraro ta Ruhu Mai Kyau |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Won}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The winners of the Audience Poll |url=https://wff.pl/en/filmy/nada}}</ref> |- |} == Manazarta == * Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine * Jerin gabatarwar Ukrainian don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Fim na Duniya {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|tt35500333}} * [https://osvitoria.org/en/timestamp/ ''Alamar Lokaci''] a Osvitoria * [https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/programme/202509478.html ''Alamar Lokaci''] a Berlinale d4mzxt19xyhu5bdovj4v2tbcma2z7n6 827911 827910 2026-04-30T07:29:15Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Godiya gaisuwa */ 827911 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Timestamp''''' (Ukrainian: «Стрічка часу», rumanci: Strichka chasu) fim din gaskiya ne wanda Kateryna Gornostai ya rubuta kuma ya bada umurni. Fim din labarin rayuwar malamai da dalibai ne na yau da kullum daga kowacce kusurwa na kasar Yukren.<ref name="ts:sd">{{Cite web |last=Leffler |first=Rebecca |date=21 January 2025 |title=Best Friend Forever scoops Ukrainian school doc 'Timestamp' ahead of Berlin competition bow (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/best-friend-forever-scoops-ukrainian-school-doc-timestamp-ahead-of-berlin-competition-bow-exclusive/5200968.article |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="pravda:ts">{{Cite web |last=Anastasiia Bolshakova |date=21 January 2025 |title=Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Pravda |language=en}}</ref> An zaɓi haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa tsakanin Yikren, Luxembourg, Netherlands, da Faransa, a yayin Gasar a Bikin Fina-Finai na Berlin na 75, inda fim in ya fafata don lamban yabo na Golden Bear kuma ta fara nunawa a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2025 a Berlinale Palast . <ref name="maincomp:sd">{{Cite web |last=Rosser |first=Michael |date=21 January 2025 |title=Berlin film festival reveals 2025 competition line-up 2025 |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/berlin-film-festival-reveals-2025-competition-line-up/5200946.article |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref> == Abunda ya kunsa == A shirin Timestamp ba’a yi amfani da murya ba, tambayoyi, da tarihi ba. Maimakon haka, yana mai da hankali kan kwatanta tasirin yaƙin da ya ke faruwa a Yukren a rayuwar yau da kullun, yana ɗaukar ƙalubale da wahalhalu na rayuwa a ƙarƙashin barazana ta yau da kullun.<ref name="pravda:ts">{{Cite web |last=Anastasiia Bolshakova |date=21 January 2025 |title=Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Pravda |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnastasiia_Bolshakova2025">Anastasiia Bolshakova (21 January 2025). [https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ "Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years"]. ''Pravda''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin kalmomin darektan Kateryna Gornostai, {{Blockquote|"We focused on the everyday moments and simple school experiences, like tears during the first bell ceremony, a senior playing Saint Nicholas, and the colorful ribbons in the hands of graduates. All of this, of course, is set against the backdrop of war. Students often study in shelters due to air raids, the principal shows the damaged and sealed-off parts of the school while lessons continue in another wing, and an online graduation is marked by a bell taken out of Bakhmut. The war has permeated everyday life, but all we can do is continue living and learning."}} Zoya Lytvyn, wanda ya kafa Osvitoria ya ce game da fim din, "Muna so mu tunatar da duniya cewa yakin a Yilukren yana nan yana ci gaba, yara da malamai suna biyan farashi mai tsanani ga ainihin haƙƙokin ilimi"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lina Mostavlyuk |date=21 January 2025 |title=Ukrainian film about schooling during war enters Berlinale's main competitio |url=https://global.espreso.tv/culture-ukrainian-film-about-schooling-during-war-enters-berlinales-main-competition |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Global Espresso |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya nuna rayuwar makaranta a Cherkasy, [[Kharkiv]], Borodianka, da Bucha a yankin [[Kiev|Kyiv]], yana nuna juriya da gwagwarmayar waɗannan al'ummomin. Akwai wani lokaci a cikin fim din inda, a lokacin jana'iza a Romny, Yankin Sumy, kwanaki biyu da suka gabata, wani harin jirgin sama na Rasha ya lalata makarantar garin, ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar shugaban makarantan, mataimakin shugaban makarantar, mai kula da ɗakin karatu, da sakatare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Polina Gorlach |date=21 January 2025 |title=Фільм Катерини Горностай "Стрічка часу" змагатиметься за головну нагороду Берлінале |trans-title=Kateryna Gornostai's film "The Tape of Time" will compete for the main award of the Berlinale |url=https://suspilne.media/culture/929463-za-golovnu-nagorodu-berlinale-zmagatimetsa-nova-dokumentalna-stricka-katerini-gornostaj-stricka-casu/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Suspilne Kultura |language=uk}}</ref> == ‘Yan wasa == * Olha Bryhynets * Borys Khovriak * Mykola Kolomiiets * Valeriia Hukova * Mykola Shpak == Nasarori == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Kyautar !Ranar bikin !Sashe !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |CPH:FORUM |21 Maris 2024 |Eurimages New Lab Outreach Award |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Won}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vladan Petkovic |date=22 March 2024 |title=Kateryna Gornostai's Timestamp wins the top prize at CPH:FORUM |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/458950/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[Cineuropa]] |language=en}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Berlin | rowspan="2" |23 Fabrairu 2025 |Bear na Zinariya |Kateryna Gornostai| {{Nom}} | align="center" |<ref name="osc:hr">{{Cite web |last=Scott Roxborough |date=21 January 2025 |title=Berlin Film Festival Lineup: Movies From Richard Linklater, Michel Franco, Hang Song-Soo in Competition (Full List) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/berlin-film-festival-2025-lineup-competition-program-1236113007/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Fim ta Berlinale |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Nom}} | align="center" |<ref name="bda:acc">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2025 |title=Jury Berlinale Documentary Award |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/news-press-releases/262790.html |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=Berlinale}}</ref> |- |- |Bikin Fim na Warsaw |19 ga Oktoba 2025 |Kyautar Masu sauraro ta Ruhu Mai Kyau |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Won}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The winners of the Audience Poll |url=https://wff.pl/en/filmy/nada}}</ref> |- |} == Manazarta == * Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine * Jerin gabatarwar Ukrainian don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Fim na Duniya {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|tt35500333}} * [https://osvitoria.org/en/timestamp/ ''Alamar Lokaci''] a Osvitoria * [https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/programme/202509478.html ''Alamar Lokaci''] a Berlinale isri1t5ty5s88nfvut62y2imxqvnbp4 827912 827911 2026-04-30T07:30:00Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Manazarta */ 827912 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Timestamp''''' (Ukrainian: «Стрічка часу», rumanci: Strichka chasu) fim din gaskiya ne wanda Kateryna Gornostai ya rubuta kuma ya bada umurni. Fim din labarin rayuwar malamai da dalibai ne na yau da kullum daga kowacce kusurwa na kasar Yukren.<ref name="ts:sd">{{Cite web |last=Leffler |first=Rebecca |date=21 January 2025 |title=Best Friend Forever scoops Ukrainian school doc 'Timestamp' ahead of Berlin competition bow (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/best-friend-forever-scoops-ukrainian-school-doc-timestamp-ahead-of-berlin-competition-bow-exclusive/5200968.article |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="pravda:ts">{{Cite web |last=Anastasiia Bolshakova |date=21 January 2025 |title=Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Pravda |language=en}}</ref> An zaɓi haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa tsakanin Yikren, Luxembourg, Netherlands, da Faransa, a yayin Gasar a Bikin Fina-Finai na Berlin na 75, inda fim in ya fafata don lamban yabo na Golden Bear kuma ta fara nunawa a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2025 a Berlinale Palast . <ref name="maincomp:sd">{{Cite web |last=Rosser |first=Michael |date=21 January 2025 |title=Berlin film festival reveals 2025 competition line-up 2025 |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/berlin-film-festival-reveals-2025-competition-line-up/5200946.article |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref> == Abunda ya kunsa == A shirin Timestamp ba’a yi amfani da murya ba, tambayoyi, da tarihi ba. Maimakon haka, yana mai da hankali kan kwatanta tasirin yaƙin da ya ke faruwa a Yukren a rayuwar yau da kullun, yana ɗaukar ƙalubale da wahalhalu na rayuwa a ƙarƙashin barazana ta yau da kullun.<ref name="pravda:ts">{{Cite web |last=Anastasiia Bolshakova |date=21 January 2025 |title=Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Pravda |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnastasiia_Bolshakova2025">Anastasiia Bolshakova (21 January 2025). [https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ "Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years"]. ''Pravda''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin kalmomin darektan Kateryna Gornostai, {{Blockquote|"We focused on the everyday moments and simple school experiences, like tears during the first bell ceremony, a senior playing Saint Nicholas, and the colorful ribbons in the hands of graduates. All of this, of course, is set against the backdrop of war. Students often study in shelters due to air raids, the principal shows the damaged and sealed-off parts of the school while lessons continue in another wing, and an online graduation is marked by a bell taken out of Bakhmut. The war has permeated everyday life, but all we can do is continue living and learning."}} Zoya Lytvyn, wanda ya kafa Osvitoria ya ce game da fim din, "Muna so mu tunatar da duniya cewa yakin a Yilukren yana nan yana ci gaba, yara da malamai suna biyan farashi mai tsanani ga ainihin haƙƙokin ilimi"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lina Mostavlyuk |date=21 January 2025 |title=Ukrainian film about schooling during war enters Berlinale's main competitio |url=https://global.espreso.tv/culture-ukrainian-film-about-schooling-during-war-enters-berlinales-main-competition |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Global Espresso |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya nuna rayuwar makaranta a Cherkasy, [[Kharkiv]], Borodianka, da Bucha a yankin [[Kiev|Kyiv]], yana nuna juriya da gwagwarmayar waɗannan al'ummomin. Akwai wani lokaci a cikin fim din inda, a lokacin jana'iza a Romny, Yankin Sumy, kwanaki biyu da suka gabata, wani harin jirgin sama na Rasha ya lalata makarantar garin, ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar shugaban makarantan, mataimakin shugaban makarantar, mai kula da ɗakin karatu, da sakatare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Polina Gorlach |date=21 January 2025 |title=Фільм Катерини Горностай "Стрічка часу" змагатиметься за головну нагороду Берлінале |trans-title=Kateryna Gornostai's film "The Tape of Time" will compete for the main award of the Berlinale |url=https://suspilne.media/culture/929463-za-golovnu-nagorodu-berlinale-zmagatimetsa-nova-dokumentalna-stricka-katerini-gornostaj-stricka-casu/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Suspilne Kultura |language=uk}}</ref> == ‘Yan wasa == * Olha Bryhynets * Borys Khovriak * Mykola Kolomiiets * Valeriia Hukova * Mykola Shpak == Nasarori == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Kyautar !Ranar bikin !Sashe !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |CPH:FORUM |21 Maris 2024 |Eurimages New Lab Outreach Award |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Won}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vladan Petkovic |date=22 March 2024 |title=Kateryna Gornostai's Timestamp wins the top prize at CPH:FORUM |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/458950/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[Cineuropa]] |language=en}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Berlin | rowspan="2" |23 Fabrairu 2025 |Bear na Zinariya |Kateryna Gornostai| {{Nom}} | align="center" |<ref name="osc:hr">{{Cite web |last=Scott Roxborough |date=21 January 2025 |title=Berlin Film Festival Lineup: Movies From Richard Linklater, Michel Franco, Hang Song-Soo in Competition (Full List) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/berlin-film-festival-2025-lineup-competition-program-1236113007/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Fim ta Berlinale |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Nom}} | align="center" |<ref name="bda:acc">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2025 |title=Jury Berlinale Documentary Award |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/news-press-releases/262790.html |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=Berlinale}}</ref> |- |- |Bikin Fim na Warsaw |19 ga Oktoba 2025 |Kyautar Masu sauraro ta Ruhu Mai Kyau |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Won}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The winners of the Audience Poll |url=https://wff.pl/en/filmy/nada}}</ref> |- |} == Hanyoyin waje == * Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine * Jerin gabatarwar Ukrainian don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Fim na Duniya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|tt35500333}} * [https://osvitoria.org/en/timestamp/ ''Alamar Lokaci''] a Osvitoria * [https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/programme/202509478.html ''Alamar Lokaci''] a Berlinale oangdz0xknzeuwup8kqx6b3zj54xzlc 827913 827912 2026-04-30T07:35:12Z Uncle Bash007 9891 827913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Timestamp''''' (Ukrainian: «Стрічка часу», rumanci: Strichka chasu) fim din gaskiya ne wanda Kateryna Gornostai ya rubuta kuma ya bada umurni. Fim din labarin rayuwar malamai da dalibai ne na yau da kullum daga kowacce kusurwa na kasar Yukren.<ref name="ts:sd">{{Cite web |last=Leffler |first=Rebecca |date=21 January 2025 |title=Best Friend Forever scoops Ukrainian school doc 'Timestamp' ahead of Berlin competition bow (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/best-friend-forever-scoops-ukrainian-school-doc-timestamp-ahead-of-berlin-competition-bow-exclusive/5200968.article |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="pravda:ts">{{Cite web |last=Anastasiia Bolshakova |date=21 January 2025 |title=Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Pravda |language=en}}</ref> An zaɓi haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa tsakanin Yikren, Luxembourg, Netherlands, da Faransa, a yayin Gasar a Bikin Fina-Finai na Berlin na 75, inda fim in ya fafata don lamban yabo na Golden Bear kuma ta fara nunawa a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2025 a Berlinale Palast . <ref name="maincomp:sd">{{Cite web |last=Rosser |first=Michael |date=21 January 2025 |title=Berlin film festival reveals 2025 competition line-up 2025 |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/berlin-film-festival-reveals-2025-competition-line-up/5200946.article |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref> == Abunda ya kunsa == A shirin Timestamp ba’a yi amfani da murya ba, tambayoyi, da tarihi ba. Maimakon haka, yana mai da hankali kan kwatanta tasirin yaƙin da ya ke faruwa a Yukren a rayuwar yau da kullun, yana ɗaukar ƙalubale da wahalhalu na rayuwa a ƙarƙashin barazana ta yau da kullun.<ref name="pravda:ts">{{Cite web |last=Anastasiia Bolshakova |date=21 January 2025 |title=Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Pravda |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnastasiia_Bolshakova2025">Anastasiia Bolshakova (21 January 2025). [https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ "Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years"]. ''Pravda''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin kalmomin darektan Kateryna Gornostai, {{Blockquote|"We focused on the everyday moments and simple school experiences, like tears during the first bell ceremony, a senior playing Saint Nicholas, and the colorful ribbons in the hands of graduates. All of this, of course, is set against the backdrop of war. Students often study in shelters due to air raids, the principal shows the damaged and sealed-off parts of the school while lessons continue in another wing, and an online graduation is marked by a bell taken out of Bakhmut. The war has permeated everyday life, but all we can do is continue living and learning."}} Zoya Lytvyn, wanda ya kafa Osvitoria ya ce game da fim din, "Muna so mu tunatar da duniya cewa yakin a Yilukren yana nan yana ci gaba, yara da malamai suna biyan farashi mai tsanani ga ainihin haƙƙokin ilimi"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lina Mostavlyuk |date=21 January 2025 |title=Ukrainian film about schooling during war enters Berlinale's main competitio |url=https://global.espreso.tv/culture-ukrainian-film-about-schooling-during-war-enters-berlinales-main-competition |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Global Espresso |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya nuna rayuwar makaranta a Cherkasy, [[Kharkiv]], Borodianka, da Bucha a yankin [[Kiev|Kyiv]], yana nuna juriya da gwagwarmayar waɗannan al'ummomin. Akwai wani lokaci a cikin fim din inda, a lokacin jana'iza a Romny, Yankin Sumy, kwanaki biyu da suka gabata, wani harin jirgin sama na Rasha ya lalata makarantar garin, ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar shugaban makarantan, mataimakin shugaban makarantar, mai kula da ɗakin karatu, da sakatare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Polina Gorlach |date=21 January 2025 |title=Фільм Катерини Горностай "Стрічка часу" змагатиметься за головну нагороду Берлінале |trans-title=Kateryna Gornostai's film "The Tape of Time" will compete for the main award of the Berlinale |url=https://suspilne.media/culture/929463-za-golovnu-nagorodu-berlinale-zmagatimetsa-nova-dokumentalna-stricka-katerini-gornostaj-stricka-casu/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Suspilne Kultura |language=uk}}</ref> == ‘Yan wasa == * Olha Bryhynets * Borys Khovriak * Mykola Kolomiiets * Valeriia Hukova * Mykola Shpak == Nasarori == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Kyautar !Ranar bikin !Sashe !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |CPH:FORUM |21 Maris 2024 |Eurimages New Lab Outreach Award |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Won}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vladan Petkovic |date=22 March 2024 |title=Kateryna Gornostai's Timestamp wins the top prize at CPH:FORUM |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/458950/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[Cineuropa]] |language=en}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Berlin | rowspan="2" |23 Fabrairu 2025 |Bear na Zinariya |Kateryna Gornostai| {{Nom}} | align="center" |<ref name="osc:hr">{{Cite web |last=Scott Roxborough |date=21 January 2025 |title=Berlin Film Festival Lineup: Movies From Richard Linklater, Michel Franco, Hang Song-Soo in Competition (Full List) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/berlin-film-festival-2025-lineup-competition-program-1236113007/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Fim ta Berlinale |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Nom}} | align="center" |<ref name="bda:acc">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2025 |title=Jury Berlinale Documentary Award |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/news-press-releases/262790.html |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=Berlinale}}</ref> |- |- |Bikin Fim na Warsaw |19 ga Oktoba 2025 |Kyautar Masu sauraro ta Ruhu Mai Kyau |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Won}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The winners of the Audience Poll |url=https://wff.pl/en/filmy/nada}}</ref> |- |} == Hanyoyin waje == * Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine * Jerin gabatarwar Ukrainian don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Fim na Duniya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|tt35500333}} * [https://osvitoria.org/en/timestamp/ ''Alamar Lokaci''] a Osvitoria * [https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/programme/202509478.html ''Alamar Lokaci''] a Berlinale 0ipahcwtvgk5f04bg4i98te9b39mruw 827915 827913 2026-04-30T07:43:29Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Abunda ya kunsa */ 827915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Timestamp''''' (Ukrainian: «Стрічка часу», rumanci: Strichka chasu) fim din gaskiya ne wanda Kateryna Gornostai ya rubuta kuma ya bada umurni. Fim din labarin rayuwar malamai da dalibai ne na yau da kullum daga kowacce kusurwa na kasar Yukren.<ref name="ts:sd">{{Cite web |last=Leffler |first=Rebecca |date=21 January 2025 |title=Best Friend Forever scoops Ukrainian school doc 'Timestamp' ahead of Berlin competition bow (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/best-friend-forever-scoops-ukrainian-school-doc-timestamp-ahead-of-berlin-competition-bow-exclusive/5200968.article |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="pravda:ts">{{Cite web |last=Anastasiia Bolshakova |date=21 January 2025 |title=Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Pravda |language=en}}</ref> An zaɓi haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa tsakanin Yikren, Luxembourg, Netherlands, da Faransa, a yayin Gasar a Bikin Fina-Finai na Berlin na 75, inda fim in ya fafata don lamban yabo na Golden Bear kuma ta fara nunawa a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2025 a Berlinale Palast . <ref name="maincomp:sd">{{Cite web |last=Rosser |first=Michael |date=21 January 2025 |title=Berlin film festival reveals 2025 competition line-up 2025 |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/berlin-film-festival-reveals-2025-competition-line-up/5200946.article |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref> == Abunda ya kunsa == A shirin Timestamp ba’a yi amfani da murya ba, tambayoyi, da tarihi ba. Maimakon haka, yana mai da hankali kan kwatanta tasirin yaƙin da ya ke faruwa a Yukren a rayuwar yau da kullun, yana ɗaukar ƙalubale da wahalhalu na rayuwa a ƙarƙashin barazana ta yau da kullun.<ref name="pravda:ts">{{Cite web |last=Anastasiia Bolshakova |date=21 January 2025 |title=Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Pravda |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnastasiia_Bolshakova2025">Anastasiia Bolshakova (21 January 2025). [https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/01/21/7494603/ "Timestamp: First Ukrainian film to be included in Berlinale main competition in last 25 years"]. ''Pravda''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin kalmomin darektan Kateryna Gornostai, {{Blockquote|"Mun mayar da hankali a kan al’amuran yau da kullum da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa a makarantu, kamar hawaye a lokacin buga kararrawa na farko, babban dalibi yana yi kamar Saint Nicholas, da kuma abun hannu masu launuka a hannun masu kammala karatu. Duka wannan an shirya su ne a fagen yaki. Dalibai su kanyi karatu a inuwa saboda hare-haren sama, shugaban makaranta yana nuna barna kuma yana gyara wasu sassan makarantan a yayinda karaty ke cigaba a wani bangaren, da kuma bikin kammala karatu yana faruwa ta yanar gizo tare da buga kararrawa daga Bakhmut. Yakin ya shafi kowanne bangare na rayuwa kuma abunda kawai muke iyawa shine mu cigaba da rayuwa muna karatu."}} Zoya Lytvyn, wanda ya kafa Osvitoria ya ce game da fim din, "Muna so mu tunatar da duniya cewa yakin a Yilukren yana nan yana ci gaba, yara da malamai suna biyan farashi mai tsanani ga ainihin haƙƙokin ilimi"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lina Mostavlyuk |date=21 January 2025 |title=Ukrainian film about schooling during war enters Berlinale's main competitio |url=https://global.espreso.tv/culture-ukrainian-film-about-schooling-during-war-enters-berlinales-main-competition |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Global Espresso |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya nuna rayuwar makaranta a Cherkasy, [[Kharkiv]], Borodianka, da Bucha a yankin [[Kiev|Kyiv]], yana nuna juriya da gwagwarmayar waɗannan al'ummomin. Akwai wani lokaci a cikin fim din inda, a lokacin jana'iza a Romny, Yankin Sumy, kwanaki biyu da suka gabata, wani harin jirgin sama na Rasha ya lalata makarantar garin, ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar shugaban makarantan, mataimakin shugaban makarantar, mai kula da ɗakin karatu, da sakatare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Polina Gorlach |date=21 January 2025 |title=Фільм Катерини Горностай "Стрічка часу" змагатиметься за головну нагороду Берлінале |trans-title=Kateryna Gornostai's film "The Tape of Time" will compete for the main award of the Berlinale |url=https://suspilne.media/culture/929463-za-golovnu-nagorodu-berlinale-zmagatimetsa-nova-dokumentalna-stricka-katerini-gornostaj-stricka-casu/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=Suspilne Kultura |language=uk}}</ref> == ‘Yan wasa == * Olha Bryhynets * Borys Khovriak * Mykola Kolomiiets * Valeriia Hukova * Mykola Shpak == Nasarori == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Kyautar !Ranar bikin !Sashe !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |CPH:FORUM |21 Maris 2024 |Eurimages New Lab Outreach Award |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Won}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vladan Petkovic |date=22 March 2024 |title=Kateryna Gornostai's Timestamp wins the top prize at CPH:FORUM |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/458950/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[Cineuropa]] |language=en}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Berlin | rowspan="2" |23 Fabrairu 2025 |Bear na Zinariya |Kateryna Gornostai| {{Nom}} | align="center" |<ref name="osc:hr">{{Cite web |last=Scott Roxborough |date=21 January 2025 |title=Berlin Film Festival Lineup: Movies From Richard Linklater, Michel Franco, Hang Song-Soo in Competition (Full List) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/berlin-film-festival-2025-lineup-competition-program-1236113007/ |access-date=23 January 2025 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Fim ta Berlinale |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Nom}} | align="center" |<ref name="bda:acc">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2025 |title=Jury Berlinale Documentary Award |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/news-press-releases/262790.html |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=Berlinale}}</ref> |- |- |Bikin Fim na Warsaw |19 ga Oktoba 2025 |Kyautar Masu sauraro ta Ruhu Mai Kyau |''Alamar Lokaci''| {{Won}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The winners of the Audience Poll |url=https://wff.pl/en/filmy/nada}}</ref> |- |} == Hanyoyin waje == * Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine * Jerin gabatarwar Ukrainian don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Fim na Duniya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|tt35500333}} * [https://osvitoria.org/en/timestamp/ ''Alamar Lokaci''] a Osvitoria * [https://www.berlinale.de/en/2025/programme/202509478.html ''Alamar Lokaci''] a Berlinale 43gfb8wn6mlqak8dckbku9850voj42m 0 148758 827917 2026-04-30T08:03:28Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1315344382|Luzon montane rain forests]]" 827917 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dazuzzukan ruwan sama na tsaunukan Luzon''' yanki ne na [[Kudancin zafi da na subtropical mai laushi|dazuzzukan da ke da ganye mai laushi]] a tsibirin Luzon a [[Filipin|Philippines]] . Yankin yana kan [[Tsauni|tsaunuka]] da dama na [[tsibirin]] [[Dutsen Volcano|masu aman wuta]] da waɗanda ba su da aman wuta. Luzon ita ce babbar tsibiri kuma mafi girma a arewaci na [[Filipin|Philippines]], wacce take a yammacin [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]] . [[Fayil:Northern_Philippines_(Luzon).jpg|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam na tsibirin Luzon]] == Yanayin ƙasa == Yankin muhallin ya ƙunshi [[Tsauni|tsaunuka]] da dama [[Dutsen Volcano|na aman wuta]] da waɗanda ba na aman wuta ba waɗanda suka wuce {{Convert|1000|m|ft}} a tsayi. Duwatsun aman wuta sun haɗa da Dutsen Makiling, Dutsen Banahaw, Dutsen Isarog, Dutsen Mayon, da Dutsen Bulusan . <ref name="WWF" /> Haka kuma a cikin yankin muhalli akwai Arewacin da Kudancin Sierra Madre, Dutsen Sapacoy, Dutsen Magnas, da Dutsen Agnamala a tsaunukan Cordillera na arewacin da kuma [[Duwatsun Zambales|tsaunukan Zambales]] a yamma. [[Fayil:Ultrabasic_forests_above_1200_m_at_Barangay_Diddadungan_-_ZooKeys-266-001-g006.jpg|left|thumb|Tsarin tsaunukan Sierra Madre .]] Ba a taɓa haɗa Luzon da babban yankin [[Asiya]] ba. Ko da lokacin da ci gaban [[Gileshiya (Tsaunin kankara)|ƙanƙara]] a lokacin Pleistocene ya sa matakan teku suka faɗi sama da mita 100 a duk duniya, wannan ya haɗa Luzon kawai da tsibiran zamani na Polillo, Marinduque, da Catanduanes . Aƙalla shekaru miliyan 15 da suka wuce, gogayya tsakanin faranti na tectonic na Australiya da Asiya da ayyukan aman wuta sun haifar da sassan tsaunukan Luzon, waɗanda a cikin shekaru miliyan 10 masu zuwa suka rikide zuwa yanayin zamani. Wannan dogon lokacin warewa da [[Labarin kasa|yanayin ƙasa]] mai rikitarwa shine babban dalilin babban bambancin halittu da babban matakin rashin daidaituwa da ake samu a tsibirin Luzon. <ref name="elevation">{{Cite journal |last=Rickart |first=E. A. |last2=Heaney |first2=L. R. |last3=Balete |first3=D. S. |last4=Tabaranza |first4=Jr. |year=2010 |title=Small Mammal Diversity Along An Elevational Gradient In Northern Luzon, Philippines |journal=Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |volume=76 |issue=1 |pages=12–21 |doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006}}</ref> == Yanayi == A wasu yankuna, [[ruwan sama]] na shekara-shekara na iya ninka sau huɗu fiye da abin da dazuzzukan ƙasa ke samu (har zuwa 10,000&nbsp;mm). Sierra Madres suna da yanayi mai sauƙi, tare da ɗan lokacin bushewa tsakanin Disamba da Afrilu. [[Duwatsun Zambales]] da tsaunukan arewacin Cordillera na tsakiya suna da yanayi mai ƙarfi tare da lokacin bushewa mai tsawo da ƙarancin ruwan sama gabaɗaya. <ref name="montane" /> [[Fayil:BatongBuhay1872.jpg|right|thumb|Jirgin Batong Buhay yana tafiya na tsawon awanni 5 sau ɗaya a rana ta Cordillera Central zuwa Tabuk, babban birnin lardin Kalinga .]] == Flora == A hankali ana maye gurbin bishiyoyin dipterocarp na ƙananan wurare da nau'in dajin oak da laurel tare da ƙaruwar tsayi. Dazuzzukan gabaɗaya ba su da isasshen girma a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma suna zama gajeru yayin da tsayi ke ƙaruwa. <ref name="montane" /> Tare da raguwar zafin jiki daga ƙaruwar tsayi, ruɓewar yana raguwa kuma yana haifar da ƙasan daji mai kauri da humus . <ref name="montane" /> A cikin dazuzzukan tsaunuka, rassan bishiyoyi masu kama da epiphytes, inabi, da rassan da aka rufe da gansakuka sun zama ruwan dare. Mafi tsayin dazuzzukan tsaunuka sune gandun daji na sama, ko kuma gandun daji na elfin, kuma sun fi tsauri: bishiyoyi sun fi guntu a tsayi, kuma rassan bishiyoyi suna da kauri da gansakuka da kayan halitta wanda zai iya jure wa tsirrai na sama waɗanda ba su da yawa a cikin epiphytes . <ref name="montane" /> Nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa mai kauri da matty na dazuzzukan saman tsaunuka. <ref name="montane" /> A gaskiya ma, wadatar nau'ikan halittu ta fi yawa a saman tsaunukan dazuzzukan tsaunuka na Luzon. <ref name="elevation" /> An ruwaito cewa yankunan da suka fi fama da rashin daidaito sune tsaunukan Cordillera Central, Sierra Madre, [[Duwatsun Zambales|tsaunukan Zambales]], da tsaunukan da ke yankin Bicol Peninsula . <ref name="elevation" /> == Fauna == Akwai aƙalla nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda 31 a tsibirin Luzon . Kashi sittin da takwas cikin ɗari na dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa da ba sa tashi a yankin suna da yawa (23 cikin 34). <ref name="elevation">{{Cite journal |last=Rickart |first=E. A. |last2=Heaney |first2=L. R. |last3=Balete |first3=D. S. |last4=Tabaranza |first4=Jr. |year=2010 |title=Small Mammal Diversity Along An Elevational Gradient In Northern Luzon, Philippines |journal=Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |volume=76 |issue=1 |pages=12–21 |doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRickartHeaneyBaleteTabaranza2010">Rickart, E. A.; Heaney, L. R.; Balete, D. S.; Tabaranza, Jr. (2010). "Small Mammal Diversity Along An Elevational Gradient In Northern Luzon, Philippines". ''Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde''. '''76''' (1): <span class="nowrap">12–</span>21. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006|10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006]].</cite></ref> [[Fayil:Pithecophaga_jefferyi.jpg|thumb|Gaggafa ta Philippines]] Gaggafar Philippines (Pithecophaga jefferyi) ita ce [[Mikiya|gaggafar]] ta biyu mafi girma a duniya da ake samu galibi a cikin tsaunukan Sierra Madre da ke Luzon. <ref name="birds" /> An [[Gandun daji|lalata]] manyan dazuzzukan dajin Philippines sosai, kuma gaggafar Philippines tana buƙatar wannan yanki don ta yi kiwo, da kuma yin gida a cikin manyan bishiyoyi da farauta a cikin bishiyoyi. <ref name="conservation" /> <ref name="birds">{{Cite journal |last=Poulsen |first=M. K. |year=1995 |title=The Threatened and Near-Threatened Birds of Luzon, Philippines, and the Role of the Sierra Madre Mountains in Their Conservation |url=http://www.journals.cup.org/download.php?file=%2FBCI%2FBCI5_01%2FS0959270900002963a.pdf&code=02b3b066159cb294533e435a6523a1b7 |journal=Bird Conservation International |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=79–115 |doi=10.1017/s0959270900002963 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Gaggafar tana da iyaka ga tsibiran Luzon, Samar, Leyte, da Mindanao . <ref name="birds" /> Ƙoƙarin kiwo da aka yi a kama ba su yi nasara ba kuma an kiyasta cewa ƙasa da mutane 700 ne suka rage. <ref name="conservation" /> Ana kiransa macijin Myer da sunan girmama Dr. George S. Myers, nau'in ''Myersofis'' wanda nau'in ''alpestris'' ne kawai ke wakilta, [[maciji]] ne da ake samu kawai a tsaunukan arewacin Luzon. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=E. H. |year=1963 |title=New and Rare Oriental Serpents |journal=Copeia |volume=1963 |issue=2 |pages=429–433 |doi=10.2307/1441364 |jstor=1441364}}</ref> [[Fayil:Opening_In_Jungle_Canopy,_Mt_Makiling_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Yana buɗewa a cikin gandun daji a Dutsen Makiling]] Kimanin kashi sittin da takwas cikin ɗari na dukkan dabbobi masu rarrafe [[Nau'in muhali na asali|na asali]] suna da alaƙa da yankin (kimanin 160 cikin 235). Kadan na ƙasar Philippines, Crocodylus mindorensis, [[Ruwa mai daɗi|kada ne mai ruwa-ruwa]] wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin kada mafi haɗari a duniya kuma yana da yaɗuwa a yankin; ana samunsa ne kawai a Mindanao, Negros, da Luzon . <ref name="croc">{{Cite journal |last=Ploeg |last2=Weerd |year=2003 |title=A New Future for the Philippine Crocodile, Crocodylus mindorensis |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235800476 |format=PDF |journal=The Technical Journal of Philippine Ecosystems and Natural Resources |volume=13 |issue=1&2 |pages=31–50}}</ref> Yawan daji a shekarar 1982 ya kai tsakanin mutane 500 zuwa 1000. <ref name="conservation" /> A shekarar 1995, wannan adadin ya ragu zuwa mutane 100 kacal. <ref name="conservation" /> Gano yawan wannan kada a Arewacin Sierra Madre a Luzon yana ba da bege ga [[Ilimin halittu na kiyayewa|kiyaye]] shi. <ref name="croc" /> Aikin Kula da Kula da Kare Kada (CROC) na Gidauniyar Mabuwaya yana aiki a cikin kiyaye ''Crocodylus mindorensis'' . <ref name="conservation" /> == Kiyayewa == Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2017 ya gano cewa mutane 3,813 ne suka rasa rayukansu&nbsp;^km2, ko kashi 46% na yankin muhalli yana cikin yankunan kariya . Wuraren kariya a cikin dazuzzukan ruwan sama na tsaunukan Luzon sun haɗa da: * Yanayin Kasa Mai Kariya Daga Casecnan (888.47)&nbsp;^km2 ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2000. * Wurin Shakatawa na Halitta na Arewacin Sierra Madre (3594.86)&nbsp;km ² ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2001. Haka kuma a cikin dazuzzukan ruwan sama na Luzon . * Peñablanca Tsarin Kasa mai Kariya (1187.82&nbsp;km ² ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2003. Haka kuma a cikin dazuzzukan ruwan sama na Luzon. * Yanayin Yanayi Mai Kariya na Quirino (1643.64)&nbsp;km ² ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2005. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kxydkya0ebl7hrcnqau6vb7lkllnrpm 827918 827917 2026-04-30T08:04:50Z Nnamadee 31123 827918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dazuzzukan ruwan sama na tsaunukan Luzon''' yanki ne na [[Kudancin zafi da na subtropical mai laushi|dazuzzukan da ke da ganye mai laushi]] a tsibirin Luzon a [[Filipin|Philippines]] . Yankin yana kan [[Tsauni|tsaunuka]] da dama na [[tsibirin]] [[Dutsen Volcano|masu aman wuta]] da waɗanda ba su da aman wuta. Luzon ita ce babbar tsibiri kuma mafi girma a arewaci na [[Filipin|Philippines]], wacce take a yammacin [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]] . [[Fayil:Northern_Philippines_(Luzon).jpg|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam na tsibirin Luzon]] == Yanayin ƙasa == Yankin muhallin ya ƙunshi [[Tsauni|tsaunuka]] da dama [[Dutsen Volcano|na aman wuta]] da waɗanda ba na aman wuta ba waɗanda suka wuce {{Convert|1000|m|ft}} a tsayi. Duwatsun aman wuta sun haɗa da Dutsen Makiling, Dutsen Banahaw, Dutsen Isarog, Dutsen Mayon, da Dutsen Bulusan . <ref name="WWF" /> Haka kuma a cikin yankin muhalli akwai Arewacin da Kudancin Sierra Madre, Dutsen Sapacoy, Dutsen Magnas, da Dutsen Agnamala a tsaunukan Cordillera na arewacin da kuma [[Duwatsun Zambales|tsaunukan Zambales]] a yamma. [[Fayil:Ultrabasic_forests_above_1200_m_at_Barangay_Diddadungan_-_ZooKeys-266-001-g006.jpg|left|thumb|Tsarin tsaunukan Sierra Madre .]] Ba a taɓa haɗa Luzon da babban yankin [[Asiya]] ba. Ko da lokacin da ci gaban [[Gileshiya (Tsaunin kankara)|ƙanƙara]] a lokacin Pleistocene ya sa matakan teku suka faɗi sama da mita 100 a duk duniya, wannan ya haɗa Luzon kawai da tsibiran zamani na Polillo, Marinduque, da Catanduanes . Aƙalla shekaru miliyan 15 da suka wuce, gogayya tsakanin faranti na tectonic na Australiya da Asiya da ayyukan aman wuta sun haifar da sassan tsaunukan Luzon, waɗanda a cikin shekaru miliyan 10 masu zuwa suka rikide zuwa yanayin zamani. Wannan dogon lokacin warewa da [[Labarin kasa|yanayin ƙasa]] mai rikitarwa shine babban dalilin babban bambancin halittu da babban matakin rashin daidaituwa da ake samu a tsibirin Luzon. <ref name="elevation">{{Cite journal |last=Rickart |first=E. A. |last2=Heaney |first2=L. R. |last3=Balete |first3=D. S. |last4=Tabaranza |first4=Jr. |year=2010 |title=Small Mammal Diversity Along An Elevational Gradient In Northern Luzon, Philippines |journal=Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |volume=76 |issue=1 |pages=12–21 |doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006}}</ref> == Yanayi == A wasu yankuna, [[ruwan sama]] na shekara-shekara na iya ninka sau huɗu fiye da abin da dazuzzukan ƙasa ke samu (har zuwa 10,000&nbsp;mm). Sierra Madres suna da yanayi mai sauƙi, tare da ɗan lokacin bushewa tsakanin Disamba da Afrilu. [[Duwatsun Zambales]] da tsaunukan arewacin Cordillera na tsakiya suna da yanayi mai ƙarfi tare da lokacin bushewa mai tsawo da ƙarancin ruwan sama gabaɗaya. <ref name="montane" /> [[Fayil:BatongBuhay1872.jpg|right|thumb|Jirgin Batong Buhay yana tafiya na tsawon awanni 5 sau ɗaya a rana ta Cordillera Central zuwa Tabuk, babban birnin lardin Kalinga .]] == Flora == A hankali ana maye gurbin bishiyoyin dipterocarp na ƙananan wurare da nau'in dajin oak da laurel tare da ƙaruwar tsayi. Dazuzzukan gabaɗaya ba su da isasshen girma a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma suna zama gajeru yayin da tsayi ke ƙaruwa. <ref name="montane" /> Tare da raguwar zafin jiki daga ƙaruwar tsayi, ruɓewar yana raguwa kuma yana haifar da ƙasan daji mai kauri da humus . <ref name="montane" /> A cikin dazuzzukan tsaunuka, rassan bishiyoyi masu kama da epiphytes, inabi, da rassan da aka rufe da gansakuka sun zama ruwan dare. Mafi tsayin dazuzzukan tsaunuka sune gandun daji na sama, ko kuma gandun daji na elfin, kuma sun fi tsauri: bishiyoyi sun fi guntu a tsayi, kuma rassan bishiyoyi suna da kauri da gansakuka da kayan halitta wanda zai iya jure wa tsirrai na sama waɗanda ba su da yawa a cikin epiphytes . <ref name="montane" /> Nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa mai kauri da matty na dazuzzukan saman tsaunuka. <ref name="montane" /> A gaskiya ma, wadatar nau'ikan halittu ta fi yawa a saman tsaunukan dazuzzukan tsaunuka na Luzon. <ref name="elevation" /> An ruwaito cewa yankunan da suka fi fama da rashin daidaito sune tsaunukan Cordillera Central, Sierra Madre, [[Duwatsun Zambales|tsaunukan Zambales]], da tsaunukan da ke yankin Bicol Peninsula . <ref name="elevation" /> == Fauna == Akwai aƙalla nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda 31 a tsibirin Luzon . Kashi sittin da takwas cikin ɗari na dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa da ba sa tashi a yankin suna da yawa (23 cikin 34). <ref name="elevation">{{Cite journal |last=Rickart |first=E. A. |last2=Heaney |first2=L. R. |last3=Balete |first3=D. S. |last4=Tabaranza |first4=Jr. |year=2010 |title=Small Mammal Diversity Along An Elevational Gradient In Northern Luzon, Philippines |journal=Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |volume=76 |issue=1 |pages=12–21 |doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRickartHeaneyBaleteTabaranza2010">Rickart, E. A.; Heaney, L. R.; Balete, D. S.; Tabaranza, Jr. (2010). "Small Mammal Diversity Along An Elevational Gradient In Northern Luzon, Philippines". ''Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde''. '''76''' (1): <span class="nowrap">12–</span>21. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006|10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006]].</cite></ref> [[Fayil:Pithecophaga_jefferyi.jpg|thumb|Gaggafa ta Philippines]] Gaggafar Philippines (Pithecophaga jefferyi) ita ce [[Mikiya|gaggafar]] ta biyu mafi girma a duniya da ake samu galibi a cikin tsaunukan Sierra Madre da ke Luzon. <ref name="birds" /> An [[Gandun daji|lalata]] manyan dazuzzukan dajin Philippines sosai, kuma gaggafar Philippines tana buƙatar wannan yanki don ta yi kiwo, da kuma yin gida a cikin manyan bishiyoyi da farauta a cikin bishiyoyi. <ref name="conservation" /> <ref name="birds">{{Cite journal |last=Poulsen |first=M. K. |year=1995 |title=The Threatened and Near-Threatened Birds of Luzon, Philippines, and the Role of the Sierra Madre Mountains in Their Conservation |url=http://www.journals.cup.org/download.php?file=%2FBCI%2FBCI5_01%2FS0959270900002963a.pdf&code=02b3b066159cb294533e435a6523a1b7 |journal=Bird Conservation International |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=79–115 |doi=10.1017/s0959270900002963 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Gaggafar tana da iyaka ga tsibiran Luzon, Samar, Leyte, da Mindanao . <ref name="birds" /> Ƙoƙarin kiwo da aka yi a kama ba su yi nasara ba kuma an kiyasta cewa ƙasa da mutane 700 ne suka rage. <ref name="conservation" /> Ana kiransa macijin Myer da sunan girmama Dr. George S. Myers, nau'in ''Myersofis'' wanda nau'in ''alpestris'' ne kawai ke wakilta, [[maciji]] ne da ake samu kawai a tsaunukan arewacin Luzon. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=E. H. |year=1963 |title=New and Rare Oriental Serpents |journal=Copeia |volume=1963 |issue=2 |pages=429–433 |doi=10.2307/1441364 |jstor=1441364}}</ref> [[Fayil:Opening_In_Jungle_Canopy,_Mt_Makiling_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Yana buɗewa a cikin gandun daji a Dutsen Makiling]] Kimanin kashi sittin da takwas cikin ɗari na dukkan dabbobi masu rarrafe [[Nau'in muhali na asali|na asali]] suna da alaƙa da yankin (kimanin 160 cikin 235). Kadan na ƙasar Philippines, Crocodylus mindorensis, [[Ruwa mai daɗi|kada ne mai ruwa-ruwa]] wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin kada mafi haɗari a duniya kuma yana da yaɗuwa a yankin; ana samunsa ne kawai a Mindanao, Negros, da Luzon . <ref name="croc">{{Cite journal |last=Ploeg |last2=Weerd |year=2003 |title=A New Future for the Philippine Crocodile, Crocodylus mindorensis |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235800476 |format=PDF |journal=The Technical Journal of Philippine Ecosystems and Natural Resources |volume=13 |issue=1&2 |pages=31–50}}</ref> Yawan daji a shekarar 1982 ya kai tsakanin mutane 500 zuwa 1000. <ref name="conservation" /> A shekarar 1995, wannan adadin ya ragu zuwa mutane 100 kacal. <ref name="conservation" /> Gano yawan wannan kada a Arewacin Sierra Madre a Luzon yana ba da bege ga [[Ilimin halittu na kiyayewa|kiyaye]] shi. <ref name="croc" /> Aikin Kula da Kula da Kare Kada (CROC) na Gidauniyar Mabuwaya yana aiki a cikin kiyaye ''Crocodylus mindorensis'' . <ref name="conservation" /> == Kiyayewa == Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2017 ya gano cewa mutane 3,813 ne suka rasa rayukansu&nbsp;^km2, ko kashi 46% na yankin muhalli yana cikin yankunan kariya . Wuraren kariya a cikin dazuzzukan ruwan sama na tsaunukan Luzon sun haɗa da: * Yanayin Kasa Mai Kariya Daga Casecnan (888.47)&nbsp;^km2 ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2000. * Wurin Shakatawa na Halitta na Arewacin Sierra Madre (3594.86)&nbsp;km ² ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2001. Haka kuma a cikin dazuzzukan ruwan sama na Luzon . * Peñablanca Tsarin Kasa mai Kariya (1187.82&nbsp;km ² ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2003. Haka kuma a cikin dazuzzukan ruwan sama na Luzon. * Yanayin Yanayi Mai Kariya na Quirino (1643.64)&nbsp;km ² ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2005. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] igdufq7cq4259q6a8ymalyeebhvwrlw 827919 827918 2026-04-30T08:07:52Z Nnamadee 31123 827919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dazuzzukan ruwan sama na tsaunukan Luzon''' yanki ne na [[Kudancin zafi da na subtropical mai laushi|dazuzzukan da ke da ganye mai laushi]] a tsibirin Luzon a [[Filipin|Philippines]] . Yankin yana kan [[Tsauni|tsaunuka]] da dama na [[tsibirin]] [[Dutsen Volcano|masu aman wuta]] da waɗanda ba su da aman wuta. Luzon ita ce babbar tsibiri kuma mafi girma a arewaci na [[Filipin|Philippines]], wacce take a yammacin [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]]. [[Fayil:Northern_Philippines_(Luzon).jpg|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam na tsibirin Luzon]] == Yanayin ƙasa == Yankin muhallin ya ƙunshi [[Tsauni|tsaunuka]] da dama [[Dutsen Volcano|na aman wuta]] da waɗanda ba na aman wuta ba waɗanda suka wuce {{Convert|1000|m|ft}} a tsayi. Duwatsun aman wuta sun haɗa da Dutsen Makiling, Dutsen Banahaw, Dutsen Isarog, Dutsen Mayon, da Dutsen Bulusan.<ref name="WWF" /> Haka kuma a cikin yankin muhalli akwai Arewacin da Kudancin Sierra Madre, Dutsen Sapacoy, Dutsen Magnas, da Dutsen Agnamala a tsaunukan Cordillera na arewacin da kuma [[Duwatsun Zambales|tsaunukan Zambales]] a yamma. [[Fayil:Ultrabasic_forests_above_1200_m_at_Barangay_Diddadungan_-_ZooKeys-266-001-g006.jpg|left|thumb|Tsarin tsaunukan Sierra Madre .]] Ba a taɓa haɗa Luzon da babban yankin [[Asiya]] ba. Ko da lokacin da ci gaban [[Gileshiya (Tsaunin kankara)|ƙanƙara]] a lokacin Pleistocene ya sa matakan teku suka faɗi sama da mita 100 a duk duniya, wannan ya haɗa Luzon kawai da tsibiran zamani na Polillo, Marinduque, da Catanduanes . Aƙalla shekaru miliyan 15 da suka wuce, gogayya tsakanin faranti na tectonic na Australiya da Asiya da ayyukan aman wuta sun haifar da sassan tsaunukan Luzon, waɗanda a cikin shekaru miliyan 10 masu zuwa suka rikide zuwa yanayin zamani. Wannan dogon lokacin warewa da [[Labarin kasa|yanayin ƙasa]] mai rikitarwa shine babban dalilin babban bambancin halittu da babban matakin rashin daidaituwa da ake samu a tsibirin Luzon.<ref name="elevation">{{Cite journal |last=Rickart |first=E. A. |last2=Heaney |first2=L. R. |last3=Balete |first3=D. S. |last4=Tabaranza |first4=Jr. |year=2010 |title=Small Mammal Diversity Along An Elevational Gradient In Northern Luzon, Philippines |journal=Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |volume=76 |issue=1 |pages=12–21 |doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006}}</ref> == Yanayi == A wasu yankuna, [[ruwan sama]] na shekara-shekara na iya ninka sau huɗu fiye da abin da dazuzzukan ƙasa ke samu (har zuwa 10,000&nbsp;mm). Sierra Madres suna da yanayi mai sauƙi, tare da ɗan lokacin bushewa tsakanin Disamba da Afrilu. [[Duwatsun Zambales]] da tsaunukan arewacin Cordillera na tsakiya suna da yanayi mai ƙarfi tare da lokacin bushewa mai tsawo da ƙarancin ruwan sama gabaɗaya.<ref name="montane" /> [[Fayil:BatongBuhay1872.jpg|right|thumb|Jirgin Batong Buhay yana tafiya na tsawon awanni 5 sau ɗaya a rana ta Cordillera Central zuwa Tabuk, babban birnin lardin Kalinga .]] == Flora == A hankali ana maye gurbin bishiyoyin dipterocarp na ƙananan wurare da nau'in dajin oak da laurel tare da ƙaruwar tsayi. Dazuzzukan gabaɗaya ba su da isasshen girma a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma suna zama gajeru yayin da tsayi ke ƙaruwa.<ref name="montane" /> Tare da raguwar zafin jiki daga ƙaruwar tsayi, ruɓewar yana raguwa kuma yana haifar da ƙasan daji mai kauri da humus.<ref name="montane" /> A cikin dazuzzukan tsaunuka, rassan bishiyoyi masu kama da epiphytes, inabi, da rassan da aka rufe da gansakuka sun zama ruwan dare. Mafi tsayin dazuzzukan tsaunuka sune gandun daji na sama, ko kuma gandun daji na elfin, kuma sun fi tsauri: bishiyoyi sun fi guntu a tsayi, kuma rassan bishiyoyi suna da kauri da gansakuka da kayan halitta wanda zai iya jure wa tsirrai na sama waɗanda ba su da yawa a cikin epiphytes.<ref name="montane" /> Nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa mai kauri da matty na dazuzzukan saman tsaunuka.<ref name="montane" /> A gaskiya ma, wadatar nau'ikan halittu ta fi yawa a saman tsaunukan dazuzzukan tsaunuka na Luzon.<ref name="elevation" /> An ruwaito cewa yankunan da suka fi fama da rashin daidaito sune tsaunukan Cordillera Central, Sierra Madre, [[Duwatsun Zambales|tsaunukan Zambales]], da tsaunukan da ke yankin Bicol Peninsula.<ref name="elevation" /> == Fauna == Akwai aƙalla nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda 31 a tsibirin Luzon . Kashi sittin da takwas cikin ɗari na dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa da ba sa tashi a yankin suna da yawa (23 cikin 34).<ref name="elevation">{{Cite journal |last=Rickart |first=E. A. |last2=Heaney |first2=L. R. |last3=Balete |first3=D. S. |last4=Tabaranza |first4=Jr. |year=2010 |title=Small Mammal Diversity Along An Elevational Gradient In Northern Luzon, Philippines |journal=Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |volume=76 |issue=1 |pages=12–21 |doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRickartHeaneyBaleteTabaranza2010">Rickart, E. A.; Heaney, L. R.; Balete, D. S.; Tabaranza, Jr. (2010). "Small Mammal Diversity Along An Elevational Gradient In Northern Luzon, Philippines". ''Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde''. '''76''' (1): <span class="nowrap">12–</span>21. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006|10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006]].</cite></ref> [[Fayil:Pithecophaga_jefferyi.jpg|thumb|Gaggafa ta Philippines]] Gaggafar Philippines (Pithecophaga jefferyi) ita ce [[Mikiya|gaggafar]] ta biyu mafi girma a duniya da ake samu galibi a cikin tsaunukan Sierra Madre da ke Luzon.<ref name="birds" /> An [[Gandun daji|lalata]] manyan dazuzzukan dajin Philippines sosai, kuma gaggafar Philippines tana buƙatar wannan yanki don ta yi kiwo, da kuma yin gida a cikin manyan bishiyoyi da farauta a cikin bishiyoyi.<ref name="conservation" /><ref name="birds">{{Cite journal |last=Poulsen |first=M. K. |year=1995 |title=The Threatened and Near-Threatened Birds of Luzon, Philippines, and the Role of the Sierra Madre Mountains in Their Conservation |url=http://www.journals.cup.org/download.php?file=%2FBCI%2FBCI5_01%2FS0959270900002963a.pdf&code=02b3b066159cb294533e435a6523a1b7 |journal=Bird Conservation International |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=79–115 |doi=10.1017/s0959270900002963 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Gaggafar tana da iyaka ga tsibiran Luzon, Samar, Leyte, da Mindanao.<ref name="birds" /> Ƙoƙarin kiwo da aka yi a kama ba su yi nasara ba kuma an kiyasta cewa ƙasa da mutane 700 ne suka rage.<ref name="conservation" /> Ana kiransa macijin Myer da sunan girmama Dr. George S. Myers, nau'in ''Myersofis'' wanda nau'in ''alpestris'' ne kawai ke wakilta, [[maciji]] ne da ake samu kawai a tsaunukan arewacin Luzon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=E. H. |year=1963 |title=New and Rare Oriental Serpents |journal=Copeia |volume=1963 |issue=2 |pages=429–433 |doi=10.2307/1441364 |jstor=1441364}}</ref> [[Fayil:Opening_In_Jungle_Canopy,_Mt_Makiling_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Yana buɗewa a cikin gandun daji a Dutsen Makiling]] Kimanin kashi sittin da takwas cikin ɗari na dukkan dabbobi masu rarrafe [[Nau'in muhali na asali|na asali]] suna da alaƙa da yankin (kimanin 160 cikin 235). Kadan na ƙasar Philippines, Crocodylus mindorensis, [[Ruwa mai daɗi|kada ne mai ruwa-ruwa]] wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin kada mafi haɗari a duniya kuma yana da yaɗuwa a yankin; ana samunsa ne kawai a Mindanao, Negros, da Luzon.<ref name="croc">{{Cite journal |last=Ploeg |last2=Weerd |year=2003 |title=A New Future for the Philippine Crocodile, Crocodylus mindorensis |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235800476 |format=PDF |journal=The Technical Journal of Philippine Ecosystems and Natural Resources |volume=13 |issue=1&2 |pages=31–50}}</ref> Yawan daji a shekarar 1982 ya kai tsakanin mutane 500 zuwa 1000.<ref name="conservation" /> A shekarar 1995, wannan adadin ya ragu zuwa mutane 100 kacal.<ref name="conservation" /> Gano yawan wannan kada a Arewacin Sierra Madre a Luzon yana ba da bege ga [[Ilimin halittu na kiyayewa|kiyaye]] shi.<ref name="croc" /> Aikin Kula da Kula da Kare Kada (CROC) na Gidauniyar Mabuwaya yana aiki a cikin kiyaye ''Crocodylus mindorensis.''<ref name="conservation" /> == Kiyayewa == Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2017 ya gano cewa mutane 3,813 ne suka rasa rayukansu&nbsp;^km2, ko kashi 46% na yankin muhalli yana cikin yankunan kariya . Wuraren kariya a cikin dazuzzukan ruwan sama na tsaunukan Luzon sun haɗa da: * Yanayin Kasa Mai Kariya Daga Casecnan (888.47)&nbsp;^km2 ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2000. * Wurin Shakatawa na Halitta na Arewacin Sierra Madre (3594.86)&nbsp;km ² ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2001. Haka kuma a cikin dazuzzukan ruwan sama na Luzon . * Peñablanca Tsarin Kasa mai Kariya (1187.82&nbsp;km ² ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2003. Haka kuma a cikin dazuzzukan ruwan sama na Luzon. * Yanayin Yanayi Mai Kariya na Quirino (1643.64)&nbsp;km ² ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2005. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kkh77we2gq0b4fv8exvpgre6fze9pjx 827920 827919 2026-04-30T08:09:31Z Nnamadee 31123 827920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dazuzzukan ruwan sama na tsaunukan Luzon''' yanki ne na [[Kudancin zafi da na subtropical mai laushi|dazuzzukan da ke da ganye mai laushi]] a tsibirin Luzon a [[Filipin|Philippines]] . Yankin yana kan [[Tsauni|tsaunuka]] da dama na [[tsibirin]] [[Dutsen Volcano|masu aman wuta]] da waɗanda ba su da aman wuta. Luzon ita ce babbar tsibiri kuma mafi girma a arewaci na [[Filipin|Philippines]], wacce take a yammacin [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]]. [[Fayil:Northern_Philippines_(Luzon).jpg|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam na tsibirin Luzon]] == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Ultrabasic_forests_above_1200_m_at_Barangay_Diddadungan_-_ZooKeys-266-001-g006.jpg|left|thumb|Tsarin tsaunukan Sierra Madre .]] Yankin muhallin ya ƙunshi [[Tsauni|tsaunuka]] da dama [[Dutsen Volcano|na aman wuta]] da waɗanda ba na aman wuta ba waɗanda suka wuce {{Convert|1000|m|ft}} a tsayi. Duwatsun aman wuta sun haɗa da Dutsen Makiling, Dutsen Banahaw, Dutsen Isarog, Dutsen Mayon, da Dutsen Bulusan.<ref name="WWF" /> Haka kuma a cikin yankin muhalli akwai Arewacin da Kudancin Sierra Madre, Dutsen Sapacoy, Dutsen Magnas, da Dutsen Agnamala a tsaunukan Cordillera na arewacin da kuma [[Duwatsun Zambales|tsaunukan Zambales]] a yamma. Ba a taɓa haɗa Luzon da babban yankin [[Asiya]] ba. Ko da lokacin da ci gaban [[Gileshiya (Tsaunin kankara)|ƙanƙara]] a lokacin Pleistocene ya sa matakan teku suka faɗi sama da mita 100 a duk duniya, wannan ya haɗa Luzon kawai da tsibiran zamani na Polillo, Marinduque, da Catanduanes . Aƙalla shekaru miliyan 15 da suka wuce, gogayya tsakanin faranti na tectonic na Australiya da Asiya da ayyukan aman wuta sun haifar da sassan tsaunukan Luzon, waɗanda a cikin shekaru miliyan 10 masu zuwa suka rikide zuwa yanayin zamani. Wannan dogon lokacin warewa da [[Labarin kasa|yanayin ƙasa]] mai rikitarwa shine babban dalilin babban bambancin halittu da babban matakin rashin daidaituwa da ake samu a tsibirin Luzon.<ref name="elevation">{{Cite journal |last=Rickart |first=E. A. |last2=Heaney |first2=L. R. |last3=Balete |first3=D. S. |last4=Tabaranza |first4=Jr. |year=2010 |title=Small Mammal Diversity Along An Elevational Gradient In Northern Luzon, Philippines |journal=Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |volume=76 |issue=1 |pages=12–21 |doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006}}</ref> == Yanayi == A wasu yankuna, [[ruwan sama]] na shekara-shekara na iya ninka sau huɗu fiye da abin da dazuzzukan ƙasa ke samu (har zuwa 10,000&nbsp;mm). Sierra Madres suna da yanayi mai sauƙi, tare da ɗan lokacin bushewa tsakanin Disamba da Afrilu. [[Duwatsun Zambales]] da tsaunukan arewacin Cordillera na tsakiya suna da yanayi mai ƙarfi tare da lokacin bushewa mai tsawo da ƙarancin ruwan sama gabaɗaya.<ref name="montane" /> [[Fayil:BatongBuhay1872.jpg|right|thumb|Jirgin Batong Buhay yana tafiya na tsawon awanni 5 sau ɗaya a rana ta Cordillera Central zuwa Tabuk, babban birnin lardin Kalinga .]] == Flora == A hankali ana maye gurbin bishiyoyin dipterocarp na ƙananan wurare da nau'in dajin oak da laurel tare da ƙaruwar tsayi. Dazuzzukan gabaɗaya ba su da isasshen girma a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma suna zama gajeru yayin da tsayi ke ƙaruwa.<ref name="montane" /> Tare da raguwar zafin jiki daga ƙaruwar tsayi, ruɓewar yana raguwa kuma yana haifar da ƙasan daji mai kauri da humus.<ref name="montane" /> A cikin dazuzzukan tsaunuka, rassan bishiyoyi masu kama da epiphytes, inabi, da rassan da aka rufe da gansakuka sun zama ruwan dare. Mafi tsayin dazuzzukan tsaunuka sune gandun daji na sama, ko kuma gandun daji na elfin, kuma sun fi tsauri: bishiyoyi sun fi guntu a tsayi, kuma rassan bishiyoyi suna da kauri da gansakuka da kayan halitta wanda zai iya jure wa tsirrai na sama waɗanda ba su da yawa a cikin epiphytes.<ref name="montane" /> Nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa da ke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa mai kauri da matty na dazuzzukan saman tsaunuka.<ref name="montane" /> A gaskiya ma, wadatar nau'ikan halittu ta fi yawa a saman tsaunukan dazuzzukan tsaunuka na Luzon.<ref name="elevation" /> An ruwaito cewa yankunan da suka fi fama da rashin daidaito sune tsaunukan Cordillera Central, Sierra Madre, [[Duwatsun Zambales|tsaunukan Zambales]], da tsaunukan da ke yankin Bicol Peninsula.<ref name="elevation" /> == Fauna == Akwai aƙalla nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda 31 a tsibirin Luzon . Kashi sittin da takwas cikin ɗari na dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa da ba sa tashi a yankin suna da yawa (23 cikin 34).<ref name="elevation">{{Cite journal |last=Rickart |first=E. A. |last2=Heaney |first2=L. R. |last3=Balete |first3=D. S. |last4=Tabaranza |first4=Jr. |year=2010 |title=Small Mammal Diversity Along An Elevational Gradient In Northern Luzon, Philippines |journal=Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |volume=76 |issue=1 |pages=12–21 |doi=10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRickartHeaneyBaleteTabaranza2010">Rickart, E. A.; Heaney, L. R.; Balete, D. S.; Tabaranza, Jr. (2010). "Small Mammal Diversity Along An Elevational Gradient In Northern Luzon, Philippines". ''Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde''. '''76''' (1): <span class="nowrap">12–</span>21. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006|10.1016/j.mambio.2010.01.006]].</cite></ref> [[Fayil:Pithecophaga_jefferyi.jpg|thumb|Gaggafa ta Philippines]] Gaggafar Philippines (Pithecophaga jefferyi) ita ce [[Mikiya|gaggafar]] ta biyu mafi girma a duniya da ake samu galibi a cikin tsaunukan Sierra Madre da ke Luzon.<ref name="birds" /> An [[Gandun daji|lalata]] manyan dazuzzukan dajin Philippines sosai, kuma gaggafar Philippines tana buƙatar wannan yanki don ta yi kiwo, da kuma yin gida a cikin manyan bishiyoyi da farauta a cikin bishiyoyi.<ref name="conservation" /><ref name="birds">{{Cite journal |last=Poulsen |first=M. K. |year=1995 |title=The Threatened and Near-Threatened Birds of Luzon, Philippines, and the Role of the Sierra Madre Mountains in Their Conservation |url=http://www.journals.cup.org/download.php?file=%2FBCI%2FBCI5_01%2FS0959270900002963a.pdf&code=02b3b066159cb294533e435a6523a1b7 |journal=Bird Conservation International |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=79–115 |doi=10.1017/s0959270900002963 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Gaggafar tana da iyaka ga tsibiran Luzon, Samar, Leyte, da Mindanao.<ref name="birds" /> Ƙoƙarin kiwo da aka yi a kama ba su yi nasara ba kuma an kiyasta cewa ƙasa da mutane 700 ne suka rage.<ref name="conservation" /> Ana kiransa macijin Myer da sunan girmama Dr. George S. Myers, nau'in ''Myersofis'' wanda nau'in ''alpestris'' ne kawai ke wakilta, [[maciji]] ne da ake samu kawai a tsaunukan arewacin Luzon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=E. H. |year=1963 |title=New and Rare Oriental Serpents |journal=Copeia |volume=1963 |issue=2 |pages=429–433 |doi=10.2307/1441364 |jstor=1441364}}</ref> [[Fayil:Opening_In_Jungle_Canopy,_Mt_Makiling_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Yana buɗewa a cikin gandun daji a Dutsen Makiling]] Kimanin kashi sittin da takwas cikin ɗari na dukkan dabbobi masu rarrafe [[Nau'in muhali na asali|na asali]] suna da alaƙa da yankin (kimanin 160 cikin 235). Kadan na ƙasar Philippines, Crocodylus mindorensis, [[Ruwa mai daɗi|kada ne mai ruwa-ruwa]] wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin kada mafi haɗari a duniya kuma yana da yaɗuwa a yankin; ana samunsa ne kawai a Mindanao, Negros, da Luzon.<ref name="croc">{{Cite journal |last=Ploeg |last2=Weerd |year=2003 |title=A New Future for the Philippine Crocodile, Crocodylus mindorensis |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235800476 |format=PDF |journal=The Technical Journal of Philippine Ecosystems and Natural Resources |volume=13 |issue=1&2 |pages=31–50}}</ref> Yawan daji a shekarar 1982 ya kai tsakanin mutane 500 zuwa 1000.<ref name="conservation" /> A shekarar 1995, wannan adadin ya ragu zuwa mutane 100 kacal.<ref name="conservation" /> Gano yawan wannan kada a Arewacin Sierra Madre a Luzon yana ba da bege ga [[Ilimin halittu na kiyayewa|kiyaye]] shi.<ref name="croc" /> Aikin Kula da Kula da Kare Kada (CROC) na Gidauniyar Mabuwaya yana aiki a cikin kiyaye ''Crocodylus mindorensis.''<ref name="conservation" /> == Kiyayewa == Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2017 ya gano cewa mutane 3,813 ne suka rasa rayukansu&nbsp;^km2, ko kashi 46% na yankin muhalli yana cikin yankunan kariya . Wuraren kariya a cikin dazuzzukan ruwan sama na tsaunukan Luzon sun haɗa da: * Yanayin Kasa Mai Kariya Daga Casecnan (888.47)&nbsp;^km2 ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2000. * Wurin Shakatawa na Halitta na Arewacin Sierra Madre (3594.86)&nbsp;km ² ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2001. Haka kuma a cikin dazuzzukan ruwan sama na Luzon . * Peñablanca Tsarin Kasa mai Kariya (1187.82&nbsp;km ² ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2003. Haka kuma a cikin dazuzzukan ruwan sama na Luzon. * Yanayin Yanayi Mai Kariya na Quirino (1643.64)&nbsp;km ² ), an kafa shi a shekarar 2005. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d4uelgjxqy56lexyce8s3iyvc10nf2p 0 148759 827921 2026-04-30T08:14:54Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1249877413|National Institute of Oceanography, India]]" 827921 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:National_Institute_of_Oceanography,_Kochi,_India.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar yanki a Kochi]] '''Cibiyar Nazarin Teku ta Ƙasa''', wacce aka kafa a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1966 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje 38 na CSIR, ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta a [[Indiya]] wacce ke gudanar da bincike da bincike na kimiyya kan fasalulluka na musamman na [[Tekun Indiya]] ta Arewa. Hedikwatarta tana [[Goa]] kuma tana da ofisoshin yanki a [[Kochi]], [[Mumbai]], da [[Visakhapatnam]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=CSIR-NIO |title=NIO at a Glance |url=https://www.nio.org/about_nio/general-information/nio-at-a-glance |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == Zuwa shekarun 1950, masana kimiyyar teku a duk faɗin duniya sun fahimci cewa, duk da cewa an sami ci gaba wajen bayyana da fahimtar abubuwan da aka lura da su na Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]], [[Tekun Indiya]] ya kasance ba a bincika shi ba sosai. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a magance muhimman batutuwan teku da suka shafi zagayowar damina [[Tekun Indiya|na arewacin Tekun Indiya]], halayen sinadarai na ginshiƙin ruwa, yalwa da rarraba albarkatun abinci kamar yawan kifi, da kuma fahimtar [[Ilmin duwatsu|ilimin ƙasa]] na Tekun Indiya ta hanyar taswirar gado da ɗaukar samfur. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci ba kawai ga al'ummar masu bincike na duniya ba, har ma ga yawan jama'ar da ke zaune a ƙasashen da ke kewaye da [[Tekun Indiya]] gabaɗaya, da kuma musamman Tekun Arewa maso Gabashin Indiya. Sakamakon haka, ƙungiyar masu nazarin teku ta duniya ta shirya Tafiyar Tekun Indiya ta Duniya (IIOE) daga 1959 zuwa 1965 don bayyana da fahimtar muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin [[Tekun Indiya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=CSIR-NIO |title=IIOE, A historical perspective |url=https://www.nio.org/iioe_1959_to_1965/A-historical-perspective |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) |language=en}}</ref> Gwamnatin Indiya ta goyi bayan wannan balaguron da himma. Yayin da IIOE ke gab da kammalawa, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar cewa 'yan Indiya da suka shiga balaguron suna buƙatar wata cibiya inda za su iya ginawa kan ƙwarewar bincike na teku da suka koya a lokacin balaguron. An kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Teku ta Ƙasa (NIO) sakamakon waɗannan la'akari. An naɗa Dr. NK Panikkar, Padma Shri, darektan wannan cibiyar, mukamin da ya riƙe har zuwa lokacin ritayarsa a watan Mayu 1973. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Illavia |first=Perin |title=Goa's NIO: Unravelling the mysteries of the ocean for decades |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/things-to-do/nio-in-goa-unravelling-the-mysteries-of-the-ocean |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=Gomantak Times |language=en}}</ref> A yau, cibiyar tana ɗaukar kimanin masana kimiyya 170 (ƙarfin da aka amince da shi shine 200), 120 daga cikinsu suna da digirin digirgir (Ph.D.), ma'aikatan fasaha da tallafi 210, da ma'aikatan gudanarwa 120. Malamai da ma'aikatan suna bazuwa a cikin harabar jami'o'i huɗu: [[Goa]], [[Mumbai]], [[Kochi]], da [[Visakhapatnam]] . Babban harabar jami'ar tana cikin Dona Paula, [[Goa]], inda kusan kashi 80% na ma'aikatan ke aiki. == Gudummawar bincike == Wani aiki kan ƙwayoyin polymetallic nodules, wanda Gwamnatin Indiya ta ɗauki nauyinsa sama da shekaru 25, misali ne na rawar da cibiyar ke takawa biyu. A ƙarshen shekarun 1970, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar cewa ya kamata a faɗaɗa [[Kadarorin muhalli|albarkatun ma'adinai]] na ƙasar masu mahimmanci. An ba wa NIO aikin bincika tekuna don wannan dalili. NIO ta gano ƙwayoyin polymetallic nodules daga zurfin mita 4,800 a yammacin [[Tekun Indiya]] a ranar 26 ga Janairu 1981, ta amfani da jirgin bincikenta na farko, RV Gaveshani, wanda aka saya a shekarar 1976. Daga baya, aikin da masu bincike na NIO suka yi ya taimaka wa [[Indiya]] wajen samun matsayin "Majagaba Mai Zuba Jari" daga Hukumar Kula da Teku ta Duniya . Duk da cewa wannan binciken an yi shi ne don sanya ƙasar cikin wani yanayi mai kyau, ya kuma ba wa cibiyar damar yin nazarin [[Ilmin duwatsu|ilimin ƙasa]] na teku da ilimin ƙasa na [[Tekun Indiya]] . Wasu daga cikin batutuwan da suka magance su sune kamar haka: Juyin halittar faranti na tectonic na Indiya da tasirinsa; tantance lokacin da [[Himalaya|Himalayas]] suka fara tashi wanda ya haifar da yanayin damina na yankin Indiya; yanayin tsaunukan tsakiyar teku (inda sabbin ɓawon burodi ke samuwa); halayen fuskokin sedimentary na ruwa; rawar da koguna ke takawa a yankin Indiya a cikin kasafin kuɗin sediment na ruwa da juyin halittar paleoclimatic kamar yadda aka adana a cikin tsakiyar sediment. A cikin shekaru goma da rabi na farko da kafa ta, ban da gina babban harabarta a [[Goa]], wani babban aikin da cibiyar ta ɗauka shine shirya balaguron farko na Indiya zuwa [[Antatika|Antarctica]] a shekarar 1981. Wannan aikin, tare da binciken ƙwayoyin ƙarfe, ya ƙulla alaƙar kut-da-kut tsakanin NIO da Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Teku ta wancan lokacin, sannan daga baya Ma'aikatar Kimiyyar Duniya, Gwamnatin Indiya . Waɗannan alaƙar sun taimaka wa cibiyar ta bunƙasa yayin da gwamnati ta faɗaɗa kayayyakin more rayuwa na binciken teku, [[fasaha]] da ayyuka a ƙasar. Tun farkon shekarun 1980, muhimmin jigo na bincike na asali a cibiyar ya kasance, kuma yana ci gaba da fahimtar tasirin teku na halaye na musamman na yankin Arewacin Indiya, wanda ke da wasu siffofi na musamman: yankin yana da zafi sosai, tare da yankin Asiya wanda ya takaita shi kudu da kusan digiri 25 na N; ƙaramin kwari ne idan aka kwatanta da Arewa/Kudu maso Atlantika/Pacific har ma da [[Tekun Indiya]] ta Kudu, kuma ba shakka, akwai yanayin yanayi da damina ke sanyawa. A cikin hoton da ke sama, yankunan ja suna wakiltar yankuna masu tsayin kilomita kaɗan. Kasancewar yankin Tibet da [[Himalaya|Himalayas]] yana shafar damina. Gudummawar bincike (wallafe-wallafen mujallu, rahotanni, [[Littafi|littattafai]], da sauransu) daga cibiyar da ke ba da cikakkun bayanai game da gudummawar da aka ambata a sama ana samun su daga gidan yanar gizon NIO, '''''www.nio.org.''''' == Kadarar fasaha == NIO tana da haƙƙin mallaka kusan 50, waɗanda kashi 60% daga cikinsu suna da alaƙa da binciken fasahar halittu ta teku. Halittu a cikin yanayin teku suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda za su iya zama masu amfani wajen haɓaka sabbin [[Ƙwaya|magunguna]] da sauran kayayyakin [[Kula da lafiya|kiwon lafiya]] . Wannan sabon fanni ne na bincike ga masu binciken NIO. Bincikensu ya haifar da takaddun bincike da haƙƙin ilimi ga cibiyar. Kayan aikin ruwa wani fanni ne na bincike wanda cibiyar ta sami lasisin mallaka. Maya AUV wata [[Vehicle|mota]] ce mai zaman kanta ta ƙarƙashin ruwa (AUV) da cibiyar ta ƙirƙiro. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Institute of Oceanography Bioinformatics Center, India |url=http://www.niobioinformatics.in/otherProject5_auv_maya.php |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=www.niobioinformatics.in}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Masu binciken NIO sun gudanar da ayyuka da dama don hidimar masana'antar a Indiya. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko da NIO ta ɗauka don siyan jirgin ruwan bincikenta na RV Gaveshani shine raba bututun mai don ɗaukar mai daga filin mai na farko na Indiya a Bombay High. An gudanar da wannan aikin ne bisa buƙatar ƙungiyar gwamnati ta Indiya, Hukumar Man Fetur da Iskar Gas (ONGC). Tun daga lokacin, NIO ta gudanar da ayyuka da dama ga kamfanonin gwamnati na Indiya da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Jerin abokan hulɗar NIO sun haɗa da manyan kamfanonin mai da tashoshin jiragen ruwa. An yi amfani da ayyukan NIO wajen haɓaka yankunan bakin teku ta Bharuch Eco-Aqua Infrastructure Ltd., Ankleshwar, da Coastal Marine Construction & Engineering Ltd., Mumbai. Haka kuma gwamnatocin tsakiya da na jihohi sun nemi ayyukan NIO. Ayyukan tallafi da shawarwari da NIO ta ɗauka sun haɗa da Kimanta Tasirin Muhalli (EIA), Gudanar da Yankin Teku, Binciken Albarkatu, Nazarin Biofouling & Corrosion, da haɓaka kayan aikin ruwa. Wata matsala da ta dame gwamnatoci a duniya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ita ce canja wurin halittu daga wata tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa wata da ke nesa saboda canja wurin ruwa da jiragen ruwa ke amfani da shi don yin amfani da shi. An nuna cewa irin wannan canja wurin yana haifar da ci gaban halittu da ba su dace da yanayin muhalli na gida ba, wanda hakan zai iya share kamun kifi na gida. Masana kimiyyar NIO sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaɗa wayar da kan jama'a game da matsalar a Indiya. Don gane da ƙoƙarinsu, daraktan janar na jigilar kaya, Gwamnatin Indiya, ya nemi taimakon NIO don tsara tsare-tsare don sarrafa ruwan ballast a manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Indiya. == Kayan aiki don bincike == Cibiyar Bayanai ta NIO (NIODC) tana samun bayanai, sarrafawa, tsara su, da kuma adana bayanai da cibiyar ta samar (daga kimanin jiragen ruwa 1000 a tsakanin 1973 zuwa 2009) a cikin rumbun adana bayanai don sauƙin samu da kuma isar da su ga masu amfani da su. Laburaren cibiyar suna da tarin littattafai sama da 35,000 kuma kundin mujallu kusan tabbas shine mafi girman tarin irin wannan a ƙasar a fannin nazarin teku. Baya ga tarin littattafai, ɗakin karatu yana da damar shiga mujallu sama da 3,000 ta hanyar intanet ko dai ta hanyar biyan kuɗi kai tsaye ko kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwa. Shiga cikin ɗakin karatu a shirye-shiryen ƙasashen duniya ya sanya wannan ɗakin karatu ya zama tushen bayanai game da nazarin teku na Indiya ga sauran duniya da kuma yin hulɗa da wasu manyan ɗakunan karatu don samun damar takardu waɗanda ba su cikin hannun jarinsa. Bincike a cibiyar yana samun goyon bayan adadi mai yawa na dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu kayan aiki a harabarta da kuma ƙarfin jiragen ruwanta da jiragen ruwanta ke bayarwa. Domin tallafawa shirye-shiryenta na bincike a teku daban-daban, cibiyar tana shirin kula da jiragen ruwa guda uku. Mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikinsu shine jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 23 na binciken bakin teku CRV Sagar Sukti. Jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 56.5 na RV Sindhu Sankalp da aka saya kwanan nan yana aiki ne musamman a gefen nahiyar, amma yana da ikon yin tafiye-tafiye a cikin teku. Jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 80 na NIO RV Sindhu Sadhana, wanda zai iya yin cikakken nazarin teku, an gina shi a tashar jiragen ruwa ta ABG, Surat. An shiga cibiyar a tsakanin 2011-12. Cibiyar, a tsawon lokaci, ta haɓaka ikon tura da kuma dawo da kayan aikin da aka ɗaga a kan madauri a zurfin mita 5 zuwa 5,000. Waɗannan kayan aikin suna rikodin bayanan jerin lokaci a lokacin da aka tura su, wanda zai iya ɗaukar shekaru biyu. == Damar da ake da ita don gudanar da bincike da kuma karatun digiri na uku == Domin tallafawa ayyukanta daban-daban, NIO tana amfani da ayyukan ma'aikatan da ba su da aikin yi, ciki har da ɗaliban digiri na uku, mataimakan ayyuka da kuma ɗaliban digiri na uku. Adadinsu ya ƙaru sosai tare da ƙaruwar shirye-shiryen bincike. Babban ƙaruwar da aka samu shine adadin mataimakan ayyuka tun lokacin da CSIR ta gabatar da "Shirin Mataimakin Ayyuka" don samun ayyukan sabbin waɗanda suka kammala karatun don haɓaka yawan aiki na cibiyoyinta. Ana ɗaukar sabbin waɗanda suka kammala karatun a kai a kai ta hanyar yin tambayoyi, wannan shirin yana ba su damar samun damar yin bincike a teku. Waɗanda suka kammala karatun kuma suna da zaɓin zama ɗaliban digiri na uku ta hanyar tsarin Babban Likitanci na Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Albarkatun Bil Adama (HRDG) na CSIR. Jami'o'i da dama sun amince da NIO a matsayin cibiyar binciken digiri na uku kuma kimanin masana kimiyya 50 daga cikin ma'aikatanta a halin yanzu an amince da su a matsayin jagororin binciken digiri na uku. Tare da kafa Kwalejin Bincike ta Kimiyya da Ƙirƙira (AcSIR), cibiyoyin CSIR suna shirye su ɗauki manyan matakai a fannin ilimi mai zurfi a ƙasar. Majalisar Bincike ta NIO ta ba da shawarar cewa cibiyar ta ɗauki matakai don fara makarantar nazarin teku da wuri-wuri don magance matsalar ƙarancin ma'aikata masu ci gaba a fannin kimiyyar teku a ƙasar. Adadin ɗaliban bincike na ƙananan yara, waɗanda suka cancanta ta hanyar NET (watau, Jarrabawar Cancantar Ƙasa, wadda CSIR ta gudanar), manyan ɗaliban bincike (wanda HRDG, CSIR suka zaɓa) da mataimakan ayyuka waɗanda suka yi rajista don digirin digirgir a cibiyar yanzu ya kai 80. Yawancin lokaci ana ba da masauki ga ɗaliban digiri na uku a harabar makarantar. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rcbs0x6hn1fcgviztgtn1ieqcc0qjfm 827922 827921 2026-04-30T08:15:34Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1249877413|National Institute of Oceanography, India]]" 827922 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:National_Institute_of_Oceanography,_Kochi,_India.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar yanki a Kochi]] '''Cibiyar Nazarin Teku ta Ƙasa''', wacce aka kafa a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1966 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje 38 na CSIR, ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta a [[Indiya]] wacce ke gudanar da bincike da bincike na kimiyya kan fasalulluka na musamman na [[Tekun Indiya]] ta Arewa. Hedikwatarta tana [[Goa]] kuma tana da ofisoshin yanki a [[Kochi]], [[Mumbai]], da [[Visakhapatnam]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=CSIR-NIO |title=NIO at a Glance |url=https://www.nio.org/about_nio/general-information/nio-at-a-glance |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == Zuwa shekarun 1950, masana kimiyyar teku a duk faɗin duniya sun fahimci cewa, duk da cewa an sami ci gaba wajen bayyana da fahimtar abubuwan da aka lura da su na Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]], [[Tekun Indiya]] ya kasance ba a bincika shi ba sosai. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a magance muhimman batutuwan teku da suka shafi zagayowar damina [[Tekun Indiya|na arewacin Tekun Indiya]], halayen sinadarai na ginshiƙin ruwa, yalwa da rarraba albarkatun abinci kamar yawan kifi, da kuma fahimtar [[Ilmin duwatsu|ilimin ƙasa]] na Tekun Indiya ta hanyar taswirar gado da ɗaukar samfur. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci ba kawai ga al'ummar masu bincike na duniya ba, har ma ga yawan jama'ar da ke zaune a ƙasashen da ke kewaye da [[Tekun Indiya]] gabaɗaya, da kuma musamman Tekun Arewa maso Gabashin Indiya. Sakamakon haka, ƙungiyar masu nazarin teku ta duniya ta shirya Tafiyar Tekun Indiya ta Duniya (IIOE) daga 1959 zuwa 1965 don bayyana da fahimtar muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin [[Tekun Indiya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=CSIR-NIO |title=IIOE, A historical perspective |url=https://www.nio.org/iioe_1959_to_1965/A-historical-perspective |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) |language=en}}</ref> Gwamnatin Indiya ta goyi bayan wannan balaguron da himma. Yayin da IIOE ke gab da kammalawa, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar cewa 'yan Indiya da suka shiga balaguron suna buƙatar wata cibiya inda za su iya ginawa kan ƙwarewar bincike na teku da suka koya a lokacin balaguron. An kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Teku ta Ƙasa (NIO) sakamakon waɗannan la'akari. An naɗa Dr. NK Panikkar, Padma Shri, darektan wannan cibiyar, mukamin da ya riƙe har zuwa lokacin ritayarsa a watan Mayu 1973. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Illavia |first=Perin |title=Goa's NIO: Unravelling the mysteries of the ocean for decades |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/things-to-do/nio-in-goa-unravelling-the-mysteries-of-the-ocean |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=Gomantak Times |language=en}}</ref> A yau, cibiyar tana ɗaukar kimanin masana kimiyya 170 (ƙarfin da aka amince da shi shine 200), 120 daga cikinsu suna da digirin digirgir (Ph.D.), ma'aikatan fasaha da tallafi 210, da ma'aikatan gudanarwa 120. Malamai da ma'aikatan suna bazuwa a cikin harabar jami'o'i huɗu: [[Goa]], [[Mumbai]], [[Kochi]], da [[Visakhapatnam]] . Babban harabar jami'ar tana cikin Dona Paula, [[Goa]], inda kusan kashi 80% na ma'aikatan ke aiki. == Gudummawar bincike == Wani aiki kan ƙwayoyin polymetallic nodules, wanda Gwamnatin Indiya ta ɗauki nauyinsa sama da shekaru 25, misali ne na rawar da cibiyar ke takawa biyu. A ƙarshen shekarun 1970, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar cewa ya kamata a faɗaɗa [[Kadarorin muhalli|albarkatun ma'adinai]] na ƙasar masu mahimmanci. An ba wa NIO aikin bincika tekuna don wannan dalili. NIO ta gano ƙwayoyin polymetallic nodules daga zurfin mita 4,800 a yammacin [[Tekun Indiya]] a ranar 26 ga Janairu 1981, ta amfani da jirgin bincikenta na farko, RV Gaveshani, wanda aka saya a shekarar 1976. Daga baya, aikin da masu bincike na NIO suka yi ya taimaka wa [[Indiya]] wajen samun matsayin "Majagaba Mai Zuba Jari" daga Hukumar Kula da Teku ta Duniya . Duk da cewa wannan binciken an yi shi ne don sanya ƙasar cikin wani yanayi mai kyau, ya kuma ba wa cibiyar damar yin nazarin [[Ilmin duwatsu|ilimin ƙasa]] na teku da ilimin ƙasa na [[Tekun Indiya]] . Wasu daga cikin batutuwan da suka magance su sune kamar haka: Juyin halittar faranti na tectonic na Indiya da tasirinsa; tantance lokacin da [[Himalaya|Himalayas]] suka fara tashi wanda ya haifar da yanayin damina na yankin Indiya; yanayin tsaunukan tsakiyar teku (inda sabbin ɓawon burodi ke samuwa); halayen fuskokin sedimentary na ruwa; rawar da koguna ke takawa a yankin Indiya a cikin kasafin kuɗin sediment na ruwa da juyin halittar paleoclimatic kamar yadda aka adana a cikin tsakiyar sediment. A cikin shekaru goma da rabi na farko da kafa ta, ban da gina babban harabarta a [[Goa]], wani babban aikin da cibiyar ta ɗauka shine shirya balaguron farko na Indiya zuwa [[Antatika|Antarctica]] a shekarar 1981. Wannan aikin, tare da binciken ƙwayoyin ƙarfe, ya ƙulla alaƙar kut-da-kut tsakanin NIO da Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Teku ta wancan lokacin, sannan daga baya Ma'aikatar Kimiyyar Duniya, Gwamnatin Indiya . Waɗannan alaƙar sun taimaka wa cibiyar ta bunƙasa yayin da gwamnati ta faɗaɗa kayayyakin more rayuwa na binciken teku, [[fasaha]] da ayyuka a ƙasar. Tun farkon shekarun 1980, muhimmin jigo na bincike na asali a cibiyar ya kasance, kuma yana ci gaba da fahimtar tasirin teku na halaye na musamman na yankin Arewacin Indiya, wanda ke da wasu siffofi na musamman: yankin yana da zafi sosai, tare da yankin Asiya wanda ya takaita shi kudu da kusan digiri 25 na N; ƙaramin kwari ne idan aka kwatanta da Arewa/Kudu maso Atlantika/Pacific har ma da [[Tekun Indiya]] ta Kudu, kuma ba shakka, akwai yanayin yanayi da damina ke sanyawa. A cikin hoton da ke sama, yankunan ja suna wakiltar yankuna masu tsayin kilomita kaɗan. Kasancewar yankin Tibet da [[Himalaya|Himalayas]] yana shafar damina. Masana kimiyyar NIO sun bayar da gudummawa mai kyau wajen fahimtar ma'anar waɗannan siffofi na musamman ta hanyar lura da nazari. Na farko sun haɗa da lura da jiragen ruwa, bayanai na jerin lokaci da aka tattara tare da kayan aiki da aka sanya a kan igiya da bayanan tauraron dan adam. ORV Sagar Kanya, wanda Gwamnatin Indiya ta saya don amfani da cibiyoyin bincike na teku a Indiya, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin waɗannan abubuwan lura. Kamar yadda aka lura a baya, wani muhimmin jigon bincike a NIO shine fahimtar yanayin teku na Tekun Indiya ta Arewa - wani yanki mai zafi da ƙaramin kwano wanda iska mai ƙarfi ke motsawa. Saman mita 200 (teku suna da zurfin kusan mita 4000) sune mafi yawan aiki a cikin teku. A nan, manyan kwararar ruwa suna tilastawa ta hanyar iska, kuma manyan masu samar da ruwa (tsirrai masu ƙananan halittu waɗanda ke yawo tare da kwararar ruwa) suna kafa matakin hulɗa mai rikitarwa waɗanda ke ratsa iyakokin gargajiya tsakanin fannoni, wanda ke haifar da sabon fanni, biogeochemistry na teku. Wasu daga cikin gudummawar bincike da NIO ta fi ambato sun kasance game da fannoni biyu na saman Layer: zagayawa da biogeochemistry. Ruwan da ke cikin wannan Layer ana tura su ta hanyar iska . Kamar yadda waɗannan suke lokaci-lokaci a kan [[Tekun Indiya|Tekun Indiya ta Arewa]], haka ma kwararar ruwa suke, wanda ya bambanta da sauran yankuna masu zafi na duniya. Alaƙar da ke tsakanin iska da kwararar ruwa, duk da haka, tana da rikitarwa. Masu binciken NIO sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bayyana yanayin yanayi a cikin kwararar ruwa a kan kwarin gabaɗaya, da kuma a bakin tekun Indiya musamman. Binciken da aka yi daga baya da kuma nazarin samfura sun nuna cewa ya kamata a duba yadda zagayawar Tekun Indiya ta Arewa ke tafiya a ko'ina cikin kwarin domin iskar da ke wani wuri ba wai kawai tana tasiri ga kwararar ruwa ta gida ba, har ma tana shafar kwararar ruwa a wurare masu nisa a wani lokaci daga baya saboda yaduwar manyan raƙuman ruwa. Misali, yanzu an san cewa iskar da ke gabar tekun gabashin Indiya tana tasiri sosai ga zagayowar yanayi na kwararar ruwa daga gabar tekun yammacin Indiya. Ta hanyar takaita Tekun Indiya ta Arewa zuwa kudu da digiri 25 na N, ƙasar Asiya tana hana kwarin samun damar shiga yankin haɗuwa na wurare masu zafi, yanki wanda yawanci yakan faru a latitude na kimanin digiri 40 kuma muhimmin mai samar da iskar oxygen ga teku. Rashin samun damar shiga irin wannan tsari, [[Tekun Indiya|Tekun Indiya ta Arewa]] yana fama da yunwar iskar oxygen. Wani dalili kuma da yasa iskar oxygen ta yi ƙasa shine sakamakon yawan yawan masu samar da manyan yankuna na yankin. Lokacin da waɗannan tsire-tsire da zooplankton da ke ciyar da su suka mutu suka nutse, suna lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka suna cinye iskar oxygen. Masu binciken NIO sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen amsa tambayoyi masu mahimmanci game da hanyoyin da ke gudana a cikin wannan kwarin tare da ƙarancin matakan iskar oxygen na yau da kullun. Wasu daga cikin tambayoyin da aka magance su sune kamar haka: Shin zagayowar damina tana haifar da wasu zagayowar yanayi, kamar na samar da halittu da kwararar ƙwayoyin da ke nutsewa? Menene fasalulluka na musamman na biogeochemistry na tsarin teku tare da ƙarancin iskar oxygen? Ta yaya hanyoyin biogeochemical (misali denitrification) waɗanda ke siffanta wannan tsarin suke aiki? Menene hanyoyin zahiri waɗanda ke ci gaba da samar da yawan aiki a yankin? Ta yaya zagayowar ruwan sama ke tasiri ga juyin halittar halittu a yankin? Gudummawar bincike (wallafe-wallafen mujallu, rahotanni, [[Littafi|littattafai]], da sauransu) daga cibiyar da ke ba da cikakkun bayanai game da gudummawar da aka ambata a sama ana samun su daga gidan yanar gizon NIO, '''''www.nio.org.''''' == Kadarar fasaha == NIO tana da haƙƙin mallaka kusan 50, waɗanda kashi 60% daga cikinsu suna da alaƙa da binciken fasahar halittu ta teku. Halittu a cikin yanayin teku suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda za su iya zama masu amfani wajen haɓaka sabbin [[Ƙwaya|magunguna]] da sauran kayayyakin [[Kula da lafiya|kiwon lafiya]] . Wannan sabon fanni ne na bincike ga masu binciken NIO. Bincikensu ya haifar da takaddun bincike da haƙƙin ilimi ga cibiyar. Kayan aikin ruwa wani fanni ne na bincike wanda cibiyar ta sami lasisin mallaka. Maya AUV wata [[Vehicle|mota]] ce mai zaman kanta ta ƙarƙashin ruwa (AUV) da cibiyar ta ƙirƙiro. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Institute of Oceanography Bioinformatics Center, India |url=http://www.niobioinformatics.in/otherProject5_auv_maya.php |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=www.niobioinformatics.in}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Masu binciken NIO sun gudanar da ayyuka da dama don hidimar masana'antar a Indiya. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko da NIO ta ɗauka don siyan jirgin ruwan bincikenta na RV Gaveshani shine raba bututun mai don ɗaukar mai daga filin mai na farko na Indiya a Bombay High. An gudanar da wannan aikin ne bisa buƙatar ƙungiyar gwamnati ta Indiya, Hukumar Man Fetur da Iskar Gas (ONGC). Tun daga lokacin, NIO ta gudanar da ayyuka da dama ga kamfanonin gwamnati na Indiya da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Jerin abokan hulɗar NIO sun haɗa da manyan kamfanonin mai da tashoshin jiragen ruwa. An yi amfani da ayyukan NIO wajen haɓaka yankunan bakin teku ta Bharuch Eco-Aqua Infrastructure Ltd., Ankleshwar, da Coastal Marine Construction & Engineering Ltd., Mumbai. Haka kuma gwamnatocin tsakiya da na jihohi sun nemi ayyukan NIO. Ayyukan tallafi da shawarwari da NIO ta ɗauka sun haɗa da Kimanta Tasirin Muhalli (EIA), Gudanar da Yankin Teku, Binciken Albarkatu, Nazarin Biofouling & Corrosion, da haɓaka kayan aikin ruwa. Wata matsala da ta dame gwamnatoci a duniya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ita ce canja wurin halittu daga wata tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa wata da ke nesa saboda canja wurin ruwa da jiragen ruwa ke amfani da shi don yin amfani da shi. An nuna cewa irin wannan canja wurin yana haifar da ci gaban halittu da ba su dace da yanayin muhalli na gida ba, wanda hakan zai iya share kamun kifi na gida. Masana kimiyyar NIO sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaɗa wayar da kan jama'a game da matsalar a Indiya. Don gane da ƙoƙarinsu, daraktan janar na jigilar kaya, Gwamnatin Indiya, ya nemi taimakon NIO don tsara tsare-tsare don sarrafa ruwan ballast a manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Indiya. == Kayan aiki don bincike == Cibiyar Bayanai ta NIO (NIODC) tana samun bayanai, sarrafawa, tsara su, da kuma adana bayanai da cibiyar ta samar (daga kimanin jiragen ruwa 1000 a tsakanin 1973 zuwa 2009) a cikin rumbun adana bayanai don sauƙin samu da kuma isar da su ga masu amfani da su. Laburaren cibiyar suna da tarin littattafai sama da 35,000 kuma kundin mujallu kusan tabbas shine mafi girman tarin irin wannan a ƙasar a fannin nazarin teku. Baya ga tarin littattafai, ɗakin karatu yana da damar shiga mujallu sama da 3,000 ta hanyar intanet ko dai ta hanyar biyan kuɗi kai tsaye ko kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwa. Shiga cikin ɗakin karatu a shirye-shiryen ƙasashen duniya ya sanya wannan ɗakin karatu ya zama tushen bayanai game da nazarin teku na Indiya ga sauran duniya da kuma yin hulɗa da wasu manyan ɗakunan karatu don samun damar takardu waɗanda ba su cikin hannun jarinsa. Bincike a cibiyar yana samun goyon bayan adadi mai yawa na dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu kayan aiki a harabarta da kuma ƙarfin jiragen ruwanta da jiragen ruwanta ke bayarwa. Domin tallafawa shirye-shiryenta na bincike a teku daban-daban, cibiyar tana shirin kula da jiragen ruwa guda uku. Mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikinsu shine jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 23 na binciken bakin teku CRV Sagar Sukti. Jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 56.5 na RV Sindhu Sankalp da aka saya kwanan nan yana aiki ne musamman a gefen nahiyar, amma yana da ikon yin tafiye-tafiye a cikin teku. Jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 80 na NIO RV Sindhu Sadhana, wanda zai iya yin cikakken nazarin teku, an gina shi a tashar jiragen ruwa ta ABG, Surat. An shiga cibiyar a tsakanin 2011-12. Cibiyar, a tsawon lokaci, ta haɓaka ikon tura da kuma dawo da kayan aikin da aka ɗaga a kan madauri a zurfin mita 5 zuwa 5,000. Waɗannan kayan aikin suna rikodin bayanan jerin lokaci a lokacin da aka tura su, wanda zai iya ɗaukar shekaru biyu. == Damar da ake da ita don gudanar da bincike da kuma karatun digiri na uku == Domin tallafawa ayyukanta daban-daban, NIO tana amfani da ayyukan ma'aikatan da ba su da aikin yi, ciki har da ɗaliban digiri na uku, mataimakan ayyuka da kuma ɗaliban digiri na uku. Adadinsu ya ƙaru sosai tare da ƙaruwar shirye-shiryen bincike. Babban ƙaruwar da aka samu shine adadin mataimakan ayyuka tun lokacin da CSIR ta gabatar da "Shirin Mataimakin Ayyuka" don samun ayyukan sabbin waɗanda suka kammala karatun don haɓaka yawan aiki na cibiyoyinta. Ana ɗaukar sabbin waɗanda suka kammala karatun a kai a kai ta hanyar yin tambayoyi, wannan shirin yana ba su damar samun damar yin bincike a teku. Waɗanda suka kammala karatun kuma suna da zaɓin zama ɗaliban digiri na uku ta hanyar tsarin Babban Likitanci na Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Albarkatun Bil Adama (HRDG) na CSIR. Jami'o'i da dama sun amince da NIO a matsayin cibiyar binciken digiri na uku kuma kimanin masana kimiyya 50 daga cikin ma'aikatanta a halin yanzu an amince da su a matsayin jagororin binciken digiri na uku. Tare da kafa Kwalejin Bincike ta Kimiyya da Ƙirƙira (AcSIR), cibiyoyin CSIR suna shirye su ɗauki manyan matakai a fannin ilimi mai zurfi a ƙasar. Majalisar Bincike ta NIO ta ba da shawarar cewa cibiyar ta ɗauki matakai don fara makarantar nazarin teku da wuri-wuri don magance matsalar ƙarancin ma'aikata masu ci gaba a fannin kimiyyar teku a ƙasar. Adadin ɗaliban bincike na ƙananan yara, waɗanda suka cancanta ta hanyar NET (watau, Jarrabawar Cancantar Ƙasa, wadda CSIR ta gudanar), manyan ɗaliban bincike (wanda HRDG, CSIR suka zaɓa) da mataimakan ayyuka waɗanda suka yi rajista don digirin digirgir a cibiyar yanzu ya kai 80. Yawancin lokaci ana ba da masauki ga ɗaliban digiri na uku a harabar makarantar. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ci12t7pur3ugkag7qz89937ct88rs04 827923 827922 2026-04-30T08:16:41Z Nnamadee 31123 827923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:National_Institute_of_Oceanography,_Kochi,_India.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar yanki a Kochi]] '''Cibiyar Nazarin Teku ta Ƙasa''', wacce aka kafa a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1966 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje 38 na CSIR, ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta a [[Indiya]] wacce ke gudanar da bincike da bincike na kimiyya kan fasalulluka na musamman na [[Tekun Indiya]] ta Arewa. Hedikwatarta tana [[Goa]] kuma tana da ofisoshin yanki a [[Kochi]], [[Mumbai]], da [[Visakhapatnam]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=CSIR-NIO |title=NIO at a Glance |url=https://www.nio.org/about_nio/general-information/nio-at-a-glance |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == Zuwa shekarun 1950, masana kimiyyar teku a duk faɗin duniya sun fahimci cewa, duk da cewa an sami ci gaba wajen bayyana da fahimtar abubuwan da aka lura da su na Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]], [[Tekun Indiya]] ya kasance ba a bincika shi ba sosai. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a magance muhimman batutuwan teku da suka shafi zagayowar damina [[Tekun Indiya|na arewacin Tekun Indiya]], halayen sinadarai na ginshiƙin ruwa, yalwa da rarraba albarkatun abinci kamar yawan kifi, da kuma fahimtar [[Ilmin duwatsu|ilimin ƙasa]] na Tekun Indiya ta hanyar taswirar gado da ɗaukar samfur. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci ba kawai ga al'ummar masu bincike na duniya ba, har ma ga yawan jama'ar da ke zaune a ƙasashen da ke kewaye da [[Tekun Indiya]] gabaɗaya, da kuma musamman Tekun Arewa maso Gabashin Indiya. Sakamakon haka, ƙungiyar masu nazarin teku ta duniya ta shirya Tafiyar Tekun Indiya ta Duniya (IIOE) daga 1959 zuwa 1965 don bayyana da fahimtar muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin [[Tekun Indiya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=CSIR-NIO |title=IIOE, A historical perspective |url=https://www.nio.org/iioe_1959_to_1965/A-historical-perspective |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) |language=en}}</ref> Gwamnatin Indiya ta goyi bayan wannan balaguron da himma. Yayin da IIOE ke gab da kammalawa, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar cewa 'yan Indiya da suka shiga balaguron suna buƙatar wata cibiya inda za su iya ginawa kan ƙwarewar bincike na teku da suka koya a lokacin balaguron. An kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Teku ta Ƙasa (NIO) sakamakon waɗannan la'akari. An naɗa Dr. NK Panikkar, Padma Shri, darektan wannan cibiyar, mukamin da ya riƙe har zuwa lokacin ritayarsa a watan Mayu 1973. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Illavia |first=Perin |title=Goa's NIO: Unravelling the mysteries of the ocean for decades |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/things-to-do/nio-in-goa-unravelling-the-mysteries-of-the-ocean |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=Gomantak Times |language=en}}</ref> A yau, cibiyar tana ɗaukar kimanin masana kimiyya 170 (ƙarfin da aka amince da shi shine 200), 120 daga cikinsu suna da digirin digirgir (Ph.D.), ma'aikatan fasaha da tallafi 210, da ma'aikatan gudanarwa 120. Malamai da ma'aikatan suna bazuwa a cikin harabar jami'o'i huɗu: [[Goa]], [[Mumbai]], [[Kochi]], da [[Visakhapatnam]] . Babban harabar jami'ar tana cikin Dona Paula, [[Goa]], inda kusan kashi 80% na ma'aikatan ke aiki. == Gudummawar bincike == Wani aiki kan ƙwayoyin polymetallic nodules, wanda Gwamnatin Indiya ta ɗauki nauyinsa sama da shekaru 25, misali ne na rawar da cibiyar ke takawa biyu. A ƙarshen shekarun 1970, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar cewa ya kamata a faɗaɗa [[Kadarorin muhalli|albarkatun ma'adinai]] na ƙasar masu mahimmanci. An ba wa NIO aikin bincika tekuna don wannan dalili. NIO ta gano ƙwayoyin polymetallic nodules daga zurfin mita 4,800 a yammacin [[Tekun Indiya]] a ranar 26 ga Janairu 1981, ta amfani da jirgin bincikenta na farko, RV Gaveshani, wanda aka saya a shekarar 1976. Daga baya, aikin da masu bincike na NIO suka yi ya taimaka wa [[Indiya]] wajen samun matsayin "Majagaba Mai Zuba Jari" daga Hukumar Kula da Teku ta Duniya . Duk da cewa wannan binciken an yi shi ne don sanya ƙasar cikin wani yanayi mai kyau, ya kuma ba wa cibiyar damar yin nazarin [[Ilmin duwatsu|ilimin ƙasa]] na teku da ilimin ƙasa na [[Tekun Indiya]] . Wasu daga cikin batutuwan da suka magance su sune kamar haka: Juyin halittar faranti na tectonic na Indiya da tasirinsa; tantance lokacin da [[Himalaya|Himalayas]] suka fara tashi wanda ya haifar da yanayin damina na yankin Indiya; yanayin tsaunukan tsakiyar teku (inda sabbin ɓawon burodi ke samuwa); halayen fuskokin sedimentary na ruwa; rawar da koguna ke takawa a yankin Indiya a cikin kasafin kuɗin sediment na ruwa da juyin halittar paleoclimatic kamar yadda aka adana a cikin tsakiyar sediment. A cikin shekaru goma da rabi na farko da kafa ta, ban da gina babban harabarta a [[Goa]], wani babban aikin da cibiyar ta ɗauka shine shirya balaguron farko na Indiya zuwa [[Antatika|Antarctica]] a shekarar 1981. Wannan aikin, tare da binciken ƙwayoyin ƙarfe, ya ƙulla alaƙar kut-da-kut tsakanin NIO da Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Teku ta wancan lokacin, sannan daga baya Ma'aikatar Kimiyyar Duniya, Gwamnatin Indiya . Waɗannan alaƙar sun taimaka wa cibiyar ta bunƙasa yayin da gwamnati ta faɗaɗa kayayyakin more rayuwa na binciken teku, [[fasaha]] da ayyuka a ƙasar. Tun farkon shekarun 1980, muhimmin jigo na bincike na asali a cibiyar ya kasance, kuma yana ci gaba da fahimtar tasirin teku na halaye na musamman na yankin Arewacin Indiya, wanda ke da wasu siffofi na musamman: yankin yana da zafi sosai, tare da yankin Asiya wanda ya takaita shi kudu da kusan digiri 25 na N; ƙaramin kwari ne idan aka kwatanta da Arewa/Kudu maso Atlantika/Pacific har ma da [[Tekun Indiya]] ta Kudu, kuma ba shakka, akwai yanayin yanayi da damina ke sanyawa. A cikin hoton da ke sama, yankunan ja suna wakiltar yankuna masu tsayin kilomita kaɗan. Kasancewar yankin Tibet da [[Himalaya|Himalayas]] yana shafar damina. Masana kimiyyar NIO sun bayar da gudummawa mai kyau wajen fahimtar ma'anar waɗannan siffofi na musamman ta hanyar lura da nazari. Na farko sun haɗa da lura da jiragen ruwa, bayanai na jerin lokaci da aka tattara tare da kayan aiki da aka sanya a kan igiya da bayanan tauraron dan adam. ORV Sagar Kanya, wanda Gwamnatin Indiya ta saya don amfani da cibiyoyin bincike na teku a Indiya, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin waɗannan abubuwan lura. Kamar yadda aka lura a baya, wani muhimmin jigon bincike a NIO shine fahimtar yanayin teku na Tekun Indiya ta Arewa - wani yanki mai zafi da ƙaramin kwano wanda iska mai ƙarfi ke motsawa. Saman mita 200 (teku suna da zurfin kusan mita 4000) sune mafi yawan aiki a cikin teku. A nan, manyan kwararar ruwa suna tilastawa ta hanyar iska, kuma manyan masu samar da ruwa (tsirrai masu ƙananan halittu waɗanda ke yawo tare da kwararar ruwa) suna kafa matakin hulɗa mai rikitarwa waɗanda ke ratsa iyakokin gargajiya tsakanin fannoni, wanda ke haifar da sabon fanni, biogeochemistry na teku. Wasu daga cikin gudummawar bincike da NIO ta fi ambato sun kasance game da fannoni biyu na saman Layer: zagayawa da biogeochemistry. Ruwan da ke cikin wannan Layer ana tura su ta hanyar iska . Kamar yadda waɗannan suke lokaci-lokaci a kan [[Tekun Indiya|Tekun Indiya ta Arewa]], haka ma kwararar ruwa suke, wanda ya bambanta da sauran yankuna masu zafi na duniya. Alaƙar da ke tsakanin iska da kwararar ruwa, duk da haka, tana da rikitarwa. Masu binciken NIO sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bayyana yanayin yanayi a cikin kwararar ruwa a kan kwarin gabaɗaya, da kuma a bakin tekun Indiya musamman. Binciken da aka yi daga baya da kuma nazarin samfura sun nuna cewa ya kamata a duba yadda zagayawar Tekun Indiya ta Arewa ke tafiya a ko'ina cikin kwarin domin iskar da ke wani wuri ba wai kawai tana tasiri ga kwararar ruwa ta gida ba, har ma tana shafar kwararar ruwa a wurare masu nisa a wani lokaci daga baya saboda yaduwar manyan raƙuman ruwa. Misali, yanzu an san cewa iskar da ke gabar tekun gabashin Indiya tana tasiri sosai ga zagayowar yanayi na kwararar ruwa daga gabar tekun yammacin Indiya. Ta hanyar takaita Tekun Indiya ta Arewa zuwa kudu da digiri 25 na N, ƙasar Asiya tana hana kwarin samun damar shiga yankin haɗuwa na wurare masu zafi, yanki wanda yawanci yakan faru a latitude na kimanin digiri 40 kuma muhimmin mai samar da iskar oxygen ga teku. Rashin samun damar shiga irin wannan tsari, [[Tekun Indiya|Tekun Indiya ta Arewa]] yana fama da yunwar iskar oxygen. Wani dalili kuma da yasa iskar oxygen ta yi ƙasa shine sakamakon yawan yawan masu samar da manyan yankuna na yankin. Lokacin da waɗannan tsire-tsire da zooplankton da ke ciyar da su suka mutu suka nutse, suna lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka suna cinye iskar oxygen. Masu binciken NIO sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen amsa tambayoyi masu mahimmanci game da hanyoyin da ke gudana a cikin wannan kwarin tare da ƙarancin matakan iskar oxygen na yau da kullun. Wasu daga cikin tambayoyin da aka magance su sune kamar haka: Shin zagayowar damina tana haifar da wasu zagayowar yanayi, kamar na samar da halittu da kwararar ƙwayoyin da ke nutsewa? Menene fasalulluka na musamman na biogeochemistry na tsarin teku tare da ƙarancin iskar oxygen? Ta yaya hanyoyin biogeochemical (misali denitrification) waɗanda ke siffanta wannan tsarin suke aiki? Menene hanyoyin zahiri waɗanda ke ci gaba da samar da yawan aiki a yankin? Ta yaya zagayowar ruwan sama ke tasiri ga juyin halittar halittu a yankin? Gudummawar bincike (wallafe-wallafen mujallu, rahotanni, [[Littafi|littattafai]], da sauransu) daga cibiyar da ke ba da cikakkun bayanai game da gudummawar da aka ambata a sama ana samun su daga gidan yanar gizon NIO, '''''www.nio.org.''''' == Kadarar fasaha == NIO tana da haƙƙin mallaka kusan 50, waɗanda kashi 60% daga cikinsu suna da alaƙa da binciken fasahar halittu ta teku. Halittu a cikin yanayin teku suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda za su iya zama masu amfani wajen haɓaka sabbin [[Ƙwaya|magunguna]] da sauran kayayyakin [[Kula da lafiya|kiwon lafiya]] . Wannan sabon fanni ne na bincike ga masu binciken NIO. Bincikensu ya haifar da takaddun bincike da haƙƙin ilimi ga cibiyar. Kayan aikin ruwa wani fanni ne na bincike wanda cibiyar ta sami lasisin mallaka. Maya AUV wata [[Vehicle|mota]] ce mai zaman kanta ta ƙarƙashin ruwa (AUV) da cibiyar ta ƙirƙiro. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Institute of Oceanography Bioinformatics Center, India |url=http://www.niobioinformatics.in/otherProject5_auv_maya.php |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=www.niobioinformatics.in}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Masu binciken NIO sun gudanar da ayyuka da dama don hidimar masana'antar a Indiya. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko da NIO ta ɗauka don siyan jirgin ruwan bincikenta na RV Gaveshani shine raba bututun mai don ɗaukar mai daga filin mai na farko na Indiya a Bombay High. An gudanar da wannan aikin ne bisa buƙatar ƙungiyar gwamnati ta Indiya, Hukumar Man Fetur da Iskar Gas (ONGC). Tun daga lokacin, NIO ta gudanar da ayyuka da dama ga kamfanonin gwamnati na Indiya da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Jerin abokan hulɗar NIO sun haɗa da manyan kamfanonin mai da tashoshin jiragen ruwa. An yi amfani da ayyukan NIO wajen haɓaka yankunan bakin teku ta Bharuch Eco-Aqua Infrastructure Ltd., Ankleshwar, da Coastal Marine Construction & Engineering Ltd., Mumbai. Haka kuma gwamnatocin tsakiya da na jihohi sun nemi ayyukan NIO. Ayyukan tallafi da shawarwari da NIO ta ɗauka sun haɗa da Kimanta Tasirin Muhalli (EIA), Gudanar da Yankin Teku, Binciken Albarkatu, Nazarin Biofouling & Corrosion, da haɓaka kayan aikin ruwa. Wata matsala da ta dame gwamnatoci a duniya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ita ce canja wurin halittu daga wata tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa wata da ke nesa saboda canja wurin ruwa da jiragen ruwa ke amfani da shi don yin amfani da shi. An nuna cewa irin wannan canja wurin yana haifar da ci gaban halittu da ba su dace da yanayin muhalli na gida ba, wanda hakan zai iya share kamun kifi na gida. Masana kimiyyar NIO sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaɗa wayar da kan jama'a game da matsalar a Indiya. Don gane da ƙoƙarinsu, daraktan janar na jigilar kaya, Gwamnatin Indiya, ya nemi taimakon NIO don tsara tsare-tsare don sarrafa ruwan ballast a manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Indiya. == Kayan aiki don bincike == Cibiyar Bayanai ta NIO (NIODC) tana samun bayanai, sarrafawa, tsara su, da kuma adana bayanai da cibiyar ta samar (daga kimanin jiragen ruwa 1000 a tsakanin 1973 zuwa 2009) a cikin rumbun adana bayanai don sauƙin samu da kuma isar da su ga masu amfani da su. Laburaren cibiyar suna da tarin littattafai sama da 35,000 kuma kundin mujallu kusan tabbas shine mafi girman tarin irin wannan a ƙasar a fannin nazarin teku. Baya ga tarin littattafai, ɗakin karatu yana da damar shiga mujallu sama da 3,000 ta hanyar intanet ko dai ta hanyar biyan kuɗi kai tsaye ko kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwa. Shiga cikin ɗakin karatu a shirye-shiryen ƙasashen duniya ya sanya wannan ɗakin karatu ya zama tushen bayanai game da nazarin teku na Indiya ga sauran duniya da kuma yin hulɗa da wasu manyan ɗakunan karatu don samun damar takardu waɗanda ba su cikin hannun jarinsa. Bincike a cibiyar yana samun goyon bayan adadi mai yawa na dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu kayan aiki a harabarta da kuma ƙarfin jiragen ruwanta da jiragen ruwanta ke bayarwa. Domin tallafawa shirye-shiryenta na bincike a teku daban-daban, cibiyar tana shirin kula da jiragen ruwa guda uku. Mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikinsu shine jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 23 na binciken bakin teku CRV Sagar Sukti. Jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 56.5 na RV Sindhu Sankalp da aka saya kwanan nan yana aiki ne musamman a gefen nahiyar, amma yana da ikon yin tafiye-tafiye a cikin teku. Jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 80 na NIO RV Sindhu Sadhana, wanda zai iya yin cikakken nazarin teku, an gina shi a tashar jiragen ruwa ta ABG, Surat. An shiga cibiyar a tsakanin 2011-12. Cibiyar, a tsawon lokaci, ta haɓaka ikon tura da kuma dawo da kayan aikin da aka ɗaga a kan madauri a zurfin mita 5 zuwa 5,000. Waɗannan kayan aikin suna rikodin bayanan jerin lokaci a lokacin da aka tura su, wanda zai iya ɗaukar shekaru biyu. == Damar da ake da ita don gudanar da bincike da kuma karatun digiri na uku == Domin tallafawa ayyukanta daban-daban, NIO tana amfani da ayyukan ma'aikatan da ba su da aikin yi, ciki har da ɗaliban digiri na uku, mataimakan ayyuka da kuma ɗaliban digiri na uku. Adadinsu ya ƙaru sosai tare da ƙaruwar shirye-shiryen bincike. Babban ƙaruwar da aka samu shine adadin mataimakan ayyuka tun lokacin da CSIR ta gabatar da "Shirin Mataimakin Ayyuka" don samun ayyukan sabbin waɗanda suka kammala karatun don haɓaka yawan aiki na cibiyoyinta. Ana ɗaukar sabbin waɗanda suka kammala karatun a kai a kai ta hanyar yin tambayoyi, wannan shirin yana ba su damar samun damar yin bincike a teku. Waɗanda suka kammala karatun kuma suna da zaɓin zama ɗaliban digiri na uku ta hanyar tsarin Babban Likitanci na Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Albarkatun Bil Adama (HRDG) na CSIR. Jami'o'i da dama sun amince da NIO a matsayin cibiyar binciken digiri na uku kuma kimanin masana kimiyya 50 daga cikin ma'aikatanta a halin yanzu an amince da su a matsayin jagororin binciken digiri na uku. Tare da kafa Kwalejin Bincike ta Kimiyya da Ƙirƙira (AcSIR), cibiyoyin CSIR suna shirye su ɗauki manyan matakai a fannin ilimi mai zurfi a ƙasar. Majalisar Bincike ta NIO ta ba da shawarar cewa cibiyar ta ɗauki matakai don fara makarantar nazarin teku da wuri-wuri don magance matsalar ƙarancin ma'aikata masu ci gaba a fannin kimiyyar teku a ƙasar. Adadin ɗaliban bincike na ƙananan yara, waɗanda suka cancanta ta hanyar NET (watau, Jarrabawar Cancantar Ƙasa, wadda CSIR ta gudanar), manyan ɗaliban bincike (wanda HRDG, CSIR suka zaɓa) da mataimakan ayyuka waɗanda suka yi rajista don digirin digirgir a cibiyar yanzu ya kai 80. Yawancin lokaci ana ba da masauki ga ɗaliban digiri na uku a harabar makarantar. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1iyx7mmdp0c6zd8hcxgef29flp7o8rg 827924 827923 2026-04-30T08:18:15Z Nnamadee 31123 827924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:National_Institute_of_Oceanography,_Kochi,_India.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar yanki a Kochi]] '''Cibiyar Nazarin Teku ta Ƙasa''', wacce aka kafa a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1966 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje 38 na CSIR, ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta a [[Indiya]] wacce ke gudanar da bincike da bincike na kimiyya kan fasalulluka na musamman na [[Tekun Indiya]] ta Arewa. Hedikwatarta tana [[Goa]] kuma tana da ofisoshin yanki a [[Kochi]], [[Mumbai]], da [[Visakhapatnam]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=CSIR-NIO |title=NIO at a Glance |url=https://www.nio.org/about_nio/general-information/nio-at-a-glance |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == Zuwa shekarun 1950, masana kimiyyar teku a duk faɗin duniya sun fahimci cewa, duk da cewa an sami ci gaba wajen bayyana da fahimtar abubuwan da aka lura da su na Tekun [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantika]] da [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]], [[Tekun Indiya]] ya kasance ba a bincika shi ba sosai. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a magance muhimman batutuwan teku da suka shafi zagayowar damina [[Tekun Indiya|na arewacin Tekun Indiya]], halayen sinadarai na ginshiƙin ruwa, yalwa da rarraba albarkatun abinci kamar yawan kifi, da kuma fahimtar [[Ilmin duwatsu|ilimin ƙasa]] na Tekun Indiya ta hanyar taswirar gado da ɗaukar samfur. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci ba kawai ga al'ummar masu bincike na duniya ba, har ma ga yawan jama'ar da ke zaune a ƙasashen da ke kewaye da [[Tekun Indiya]] gabaɗaya, da kuma musamman Tekun Arewa maso Gabashin Indiya. Sakamakon haka, ƙungiyar masu nazarin teku ta duniya ta shirya Tafiyar Tekun Indiya ta Duniya (IIOE) daga 1959 zuwa 1965 don bayyana da fahimtar muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin [[Tekun Indiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=CSIR-NIO |title=IIOE, A historical perspective |url=https://www.nio.org/iioe_1959_to_1965/A-historical-perspective |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) |language=en}}</ref> Gwamnatin Indiya ta goyi bayan wannan balaguron da himma. Yayin da IIOE ke gab da kammalawa, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar cewa 'yan Indiya da suka shiga balaguron suna buƙatar wata cibiya inda za su iya ginawa kan ƙwarewar bincike na teku da suka koya a lokacin balaguron. An kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Teku ta Ƙasa (NIO) sakamakon waɗannan la'akari. An naɗa Dr. NK Panikkar, Padma Shri, darektan wannan cibiyar, mukamin da ya riƙe har zuwa lokacin ritayarsa a watan Mayu 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Illavia |first=Perin |title=Goa's NIO: Unravelling the mysteries of the ocean for decades |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/things-to-do/nio-in-goa-unravelling-the-mysteries-of-the-ocean |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=Gomantak Times |language=en}}</ref> A yau, cibiyar tana ɗaukar kimanin masana kimiyya 170 (ƙarfin da aka amince da shi shine 200), 120 daga cikinsu suna da digirin digirgir (Ph.D.), ma'aikatan fasaha da tallafi 210, da ma'aikatan gudanarwa 120. Malamai da ma'aikatan suna bazuwa a cikin harabar jami'o'i huɗu: [[Goa]], [[Mumbai]], [[Kochi]], da [[Visakhapatnam]] . Babban harabar jami'ar tana cikin Dona Paula, [[Goa]], inda kusan kashi 80% na ma'aikatan ke aiki. == Gudummawar bincike == Wani aiki kan ƙwayoyin polymetallic nodules, wanda Gwamnatin Indiya ta ɗauki nauyinsa sama da shekaru 25, misali ne na rawar da cibiyar ke takawa biyu. A ƙarshen shekarun 1970, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar cewa ya kamata a faɗaɗa [[Kadarorin muhalli|albarkatun ma'adinai]] na ƙasar masu mahimmanci. An ba wa NIO aikin bincika tekuna don wannan dalili. NIO ta gano ƙwayoyin polymetallic nodules daga zurfin mita 4,800 a yammacin [[Tekun Indiya]] a ranar 26 ga Janairu 1981, ta amfani da jirgin bincikenta na farko, RV Gaveshani, wanda aka saya a shekarar 1976. Daga baya, aikin da masu bincike na NIO suka yi ya taimaka wa [[Indiya]] wajen samun matsayin "Majagaba Mai Zuba Jari" daga Hukumar Kula da Teku ta Duniya . Duk da cewa wannan binciken an yi shi ne don sanya ƙasar cikin wani yanayi mai kyau, ya kuma ba wa cibiyar damar yin nazarin [[Ilmin duwatsu|ilimin ƙasa]] na teku da ilimin ƙasa na [[Tekun Indiya]] . Wasu daga cikin batutuwan da suka magance su sune kamar haka: Juyin halittar faranti na tectonic na Indiya da tasirinsa; tantance lokacin da [[Himalaya|Himalayas]] suka fara tashi wanda ya haifar da yanayin damina na yankin Indiya; yanayin tsaunukan tsakiyar teku (inda sabbin ɓawon burodi ke samuwa); halayen fuskokin sedimentary na ruwa; rawar da koguna ke takawa a yankin Indiya a cikin kasafin kuɗin sediment na ruwa da juyin halittar paleoclimatic kamar yadda aka adana a cikin tsakiyar sediment. A cikin shekaru goma da rabi na farko da kafa ta, ban da gina babban harabarta a [[Goa]], wani babban aikin da cibiyar ta ɗauka shine shirya balaguron farko na Indiya zuwa [[Antatika|Antarctica]] a shekarar 1981. Wannan aikin, tare da binciken ƙwayoyin ƙarfe, ya ƙulla alaƙar kut-da-kut tsakanin NIO da Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Teku ta wancan lokacin, sannan daga baya Ma'aikatar Kimiyyar Duniya, Gwamnatin Indiya . Waɗannan alaƙar sun taimaka wa cibiyar ta bunƙasa yayin da gwamnati ta faɗaɗa kayayyakin more rayuwa na binciken teku, [[fasaha]] da ayyuka a ƙasar. Tun farkon shekarun 1980, muhimmin jigo na bincike na asali a cibiyar ya kasance, kuma yana ci gaba da fahimtar tasirin teku na halaye na musamman na yankin Arewacin Indiya, wanda ke da wasu siffofi na musamman: yankin yana da zafi sosai, tare da yankin Asiya wanda ya takaita shi kudu da kusan digiri 25 na N; ƙaramin kwari ne idan aka kwatanta da Arewa/Kudu maso Atlantika/Pacific har ma da [[Tekun Indiya]] ta Kudu, kuma ba shakka, akwai yanayin yanayi da damina ke sanyawa. A cikin hoton da ke sama, yankunan ja suna wakiltar yankuna masu tsayin kilomita kaɗan. Kasancewar yankin Tibet da [[Himalaya|Himalayas]] yana shafar damina. Masana kimiyyar NIO sun bayar da gudummawa mai kyau wajen fahimtar ma'anar waɗannan siffofi na musamman ta hanyar lura da nazari. Na farko sun haɗa da lura da jiragen ruwa, bayanai na jerin lokaci da aka tattara tare da kayan aiki da aka sanya a kan igiya da bayanan tauraron dan adam. ORV Sagar Kanya, wanda Gwamnatin Indiya ta saya don amfani da cibiyoyin bincike na teku a Indiya, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin waɗannan abubuwan lura. Kamar yadda aka lura a baya, wani muhimmin jigon bincike a NIO shine fahimtar yanayin teku na Tekun Indiya ta Arewa - wani yanki mai zafi da ƙaramin kwano wanda iska mai ƙarfi ke motsawa. Saman mita 200 (teku suna da zurfin kusan mita 4000) sune mafi yawan aiki a cikin teku. A nan, manyan kwararar ruwa suna tilastawa ta hanyar iska, kuma manyan masu samar da ruwa (tsirrai masu ƙananan halittu waɗanda ke yawo tare da kwararar ruwa) suna kafa matakin hulɗa mai rikitarwa waɗanda ke ratsa iyakokin gargajiya tsakanin fannoni, wanda ke haifar da sabon fanni, biogeochemistry na teku. Wasu daga cikin gudummawar bincike da NIO ta fi ambato sun kasance game da fannoni biyu na saman Layer: zagayawa da biogeochemistry. Ruwan da ke cikin wannan Layer ana tura su ta hanyar iska . Kamar yadda waɗannan suke lokaci-lokaci a kan [[Tekun Indiya|Tekun Indiya ta Arewa]], haka ma kwararar ruwa suke, wanda ya bambanta da sauran yankuna masu zafi na duniya. Alaƙar da ke tsakanin iska da kwararar ruwa, duk da haka, tana da rikitarwa. Masu binciken NIO sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bayyana yanayin yanayi a cikin kwararar ruwa a kan kwarin gabaɗaya, da kuma a bakin tekun Indiya musamman. Binciken da aka yi daga baya da kuma nazarin samfura sun nuna cewa ya kamata a duba yadda zagayawar Tekun Indiya ta Arewa ke tafiya a ko'ina cikin kwarin domin iskar da ke wani wuri ba wai kawai tana tasiri ga kwararar ruwa ta gida ba, har ma tana shafar kwararar ruwa a wurare masu nisa a wani lokaci daga baya saboda yaduwar manyan raƙuman ruwa. Misali, yanzu an san cewa iskar da ke gabar tekun gabashin Indiya tana tasiri sosai ga zagayowar yanayi na kwararar ruwa daga gabar tekun yammacin Indiya. Ta hanyar takaita Tekun Indiya ta Arewa zuwa kudu da digiri 25 na N, ƙasar Asiya tana hana kwarin samun damar shiga yankin haɗuwa na wurare masu zafi, yanki wanda yawanci yakan faru a latitude na kimanin digiri 40 kuma muhimmin mai samar da iskar oxygen ga teku. Rashin samun damar shiga irin wannan tsari, [[Tekun Indiya|Tekun Indiya ta Arewa]] yana fama da yunwar iskar oxygen. Wani dalili kuma da yasa iskar oxygen ta yi ƙasa shine sakamakon yawan yawan masu samar da manyan yankuna na yankin. Lokacin da waɗannan tsire-tsire da zooplankton da ke ciyar da su suka mutu suka nutse, suna lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka suna cinye iskar oxygen. Masu binciken NIO sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen amsa tambayoyi masu mahimmanci game da hanyoyin da ke gudana a cikin wannan kwarin tare da ƙarancin matakan iskar oxygen na yau da kullun. Wasu daga cikin tambayoyin da aka magance su sune kamar haka: Shin zagayowar damina tana haifar da wasu zagayowar yanayi, kamar na samar da halittu da kwararar ƙwayoyin da ke nutsewa? Menene fasalulluka na musamman na biogeochemistry na tsarin teku tare da ƙarancin iskar oxygen? Ta yaya hanyoyin biogeochemical (misali denitrification) waɗanda ke siffanta wannan tsarin suke aiki? Menene hanyoyin zahiri waɗanda ke ci gaba da samar da yawan aiki a yankin? Ta yaya zagayowar ruwan sama ke tasiri ga juyin halittar halittu a yankin? Gudummawar bincike (wallafe-wallafen mujallu, rahotanni, [[Littafi|littattafai]], da sauransu) daga cibiyar da ke ba da cikakkun bayanai game da gudummawar da aka ambata a sama ana samun su daga gidan yanar gizon NIO, '''''www.nio.org.''''' == Kadarar fasaha == NIO tana da haƙƙin mallaka kusan 50, waɗanda kashi 60% daga cikinsu suna da alaƙa da binciken fasahar halittu ta teku. Halittu a cikin yanayin teku suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda za su iya zama masu amfani wajen haɓaka sabbin [[Ƙwaya|magunguna]] da sauran kayayyakin [[Kula da lafiya|kiwon lafiya]] . Wannan sabon fanni ne na bincike ga masu binciken NIO. Bincikensu ya haifar da takaddun bincike da haƙƙin ilimi ga cibiyar. Kayan aikin ruwa wani fanni ne na bincike wanda cibiyar ta sami lasisin mallaka. Maya AUV wata [[Vehicle|mota]] ce mai zaman kanta ta ƙarƙashin ruwa (AUV) da cibiyar ta ƙirƙiro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Institute of Oceanography Bioinformatics Center, India |url=http://www.niobioinformatics.in/otherProject5_auv_maya.php |access-date=5 April 2022 |website=www.niobioinformatics.in}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Masu binciken NIO sun gudanar da ayyuka da dama don hidimar masana'antar a Indiya. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko da NIO ta ɗauka don siyan jirgin ruwan bincikenta na RV Gaveshani shine raba bututun mai don ɗaukar mai daga filin mai na farko na Indiya a Bombay High. An gudanar da wannan aikin ne bisa buƙatar ƙungiyar gwamnati ta Indiya, Hukumar Man Fetur da Iskar Gas (ONGC). Tun daga lokacin, NIO ta gudanar da ayyuka da dama ga kamfanonin gwamnati na Indiya da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Jerin abokan hulɗar NIO sun haɗa da manyan kamfanonin mai da tashoshin jiragen ruwa. An yi amfani da ayyukan NIO wajen haɓaka yankunan bakin teku ta Bharuch Eco-Aqua Infrastructure Ltd., Ankleshwar, da Coastal Marine Construction & Engineering Ltd., Mumbai. Haka kuma gwamnatocin tsakiya da na jihohi sun nemi ayyukan NIO. Ayyukan tallafi da shawarwari da NIO ta ɗauka sun haɗa da Kimanta Tasirin Muhalli (EIA), Gudanar da Yankin Teku, Binciken Albarkatu, Nazarin Biofouling & Corrosion, da haɓaka kayan aikin ruwa. Wata matsala da ta dame gwamnatoci a duniya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ita ce canja wurin halittu daga wata tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa wata da ke nesa saboda canja wurin ruwa da jiragen ruwa ke amfani da shi don yin amfani da shi. An nuna cewa irin wannan canja wurin yana haifar da ci gaban halittu da ba su dace da yanayin muhalli na gida ba, wanda hakan zai iya share kamun kifi na gida. Masana kimiyyar NIO sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaɗa wayar da kan jama'a game da matsalar a Indiya. Don gane da ƙoƙarinsu, daraktan janar na jigilar kaya, Gwamnatin Indiya, ya nemi taimakon NIO don tsara tsare-tsare don sarrafa ruwan ballast a manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Indiya. == Kayan aiki don bincike == Cibiyar Bayanai ta NIO (NIODC) tana samun bayanai, sarrafawa, tsara su, da kuma adana bayanai da cibiyar ta samar (daga kimanin jiragen ruwa 1000 a tsakanin 1973 zuwa 2009) a cikin rumbun adana bayanai don sauƙin samu da kuma isar da su ga masu amfani da su. Laburaren cibiyar suna da tarin littattafai sama da 35,000 kuma kundin mujallu kusan tabbas shine mafi girman tarin irin wannan a ƙasar a fannin nazarin teku. Baya ga tarin littattafai, ɗakin karatu yana da damar shiga mujallu sama da 3,000 ta hanyar intanet ko dai ta hanyar biyan kuɗi kai tsaye ko kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwa. Shiga cikin ɗakin karatu a shirye-shiryen ƙasashen duniya ya sanya wannan ɗakin karatu ya zama tushen bayanai game da nazarin teku na Indiya ga sauran duniya da kuma yin hulɗa da wasu manyan ɗakunan karatu don samun damar takardu waɗanda ba su cikin hannun jarinsa. Bincike a cibiyar yana samun goyon bayan adadi mai yawa na dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu kayan aiki a harabarta da kuma ƙarfin jiragen ruwanta da jiragen ruwanta ke bayarwa. Domin tallafawa shirye-shiryenta na bincike a teku daban-daban, cibiyar tana shirin kula da jiragen ruwa guda uku. Mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikinsu shine jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 23 na binciken bakin teku CRV Sagar Sukti. Jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 56.5 na RV Sindhu Sankalp da aka saya kwanan nan yana aiki ne musamman a gefen nahiyar, amma yana da ikon yin tafiye-tafiye a cikin teku. Jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 80 na NIO RV Sindhu Sadhana, wanda zai iya yin cikakken nazarin teku, an gina shi a tashar jiragen ruwa ta ABG, Surat. An shiga cibiyar a tsakanin 2011-12. Cibiyar, a tsawon lokaci, ta haɓaka ikon tura da kuma dawo da kayan aikin da aka ɗaga a kan madauri a zurfin mita 5 zuwa 5,000. Waɗannan kayan aikin suna rikodin bayanan jerin lokaci a lokacin da aka tura su, wanda zai iya ɗaukar shekaru biyu. == Damar da ake da ita don gudanar da bincike da kuma karatun digiri na uku == Domin tallafawa ayyukanta daban-daban, NIO tana amfani da ayyukan ma'aikatan da ba su da aikin yi, ciki har da ɗaliban digiri na uku, mataimakan ayyuka da kuma ɗaliban digiri na uku. Adadinsu ya ƙaru sosai tare da ƙaruwar shirye-shiryen bincike. Babban ƙaruwar da aka samu shine adadin mataimakan ayyuka tun lokacin da CSIR ta gabatar da "Shirin Mataimakin Ayyuka" don samun ayyukan sabbin waɗanda suka kammala karatun don haɓaka yawan aiki na cibiyoyinta. Ana ɗaukar sabbin waɗanda suka kammala karatun a kai a kai ta hanyar yin tambayoyi, wannan shirin yana ba su damar samun damar yin bincike a teku. Waɗanda suka kammala karatun kuma suna da zaɓin zama ɗaliban digiri na uku ta hanyar tsarin Babban Likitanci na Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Albarkatun Bil Adama (HRDG) na CSIR. Jami'o'i da dama sun amince da NIO a matsayin cibiyar binciken digiri na uku kuma kimanin masana kimiyya 50 daga cikin ma'aikatanta a halin yanzu an amince da su a matsayin jagororin binciken digiri na uku. Tare da kafa Kwalejin Bincike ta Kimiyya da Ƙirƙira (AcSIR), cibiyoyin CSIR suna shirye su ɗauki manyan matakai a fannin ilimi mai zurfi a ƙasar. Majalisar Bincike ta NIO ta ba da shawarar cewa cibiyar ta ɗauki matakai don fara makarantar nazarin teku da wuri-wuri don magance matsalar ƙarancin ma'aikata masu ci gaba a fannin kimiyyar teku a ƙasar. Adadin ɗaliban bincike na ƙananan yara, waɗanda suka cancanta ta hanyar NET (watau, Jarrabawar Cancantar Ƙasa, wadda CSIR ta gudanar), manyan ɗaliban bincike (wanda HRDG, CSIR suka zaɓa) da mataimakan ayyuka waɗanda suka yi rajista don digirin digirgir a cibiyar yanzu ya kai 80. Yawancin lokaci ana ba da masauki ga ɗaliban digiri na uku a harabar makarantar. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8yiuq2cfvs63y0lfyudibe1cd6bfvkk 0 148760 827928 2026-04-30T08:25:26Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349870393|Public Affairs Centre India]]" 827928 wikitext text/x-wiki An kafa '''Cibiyar Hulɗa da Jama'a (PAC)''' a shekarar 1994 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Affairs Centre – WE ARE 25! |url=https://pacindia.org/page/about |website=pacindia.org}}</ref> tana gudanar da binciken ayyuka ta hanyar amfani da nazarin bayanai yadda ya kamata. PAC ta fara aikin Kayan Aikin Kula da Al'umma (SATs) wanda aka karɓe shi da kyau kuma aka karɓe shi a duk duniya. Ta yin hakan, PAC ta tabbatar da cewa ta haɗa da al'umma ta hanyar ba da "murya ga marasa murya". A matsayinta na Tunani, koyaushe tana haɓaka bincike bisa ga shaida don manufofin jama'a waɗanda ke da abubuwan da za a iya aiwatarwa don haɓaka da amfani. A halin yanzu tana mai da hankali kan muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi SDGs don haɗawa da ilimin firamare, lafiya, rayuwa da ƙwarewa da jinsi wanda ya mamaye dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi SDGs. A takaice, tana gudanar da bincike mai inganci don samar da shawarwari masu inganci da adalci kan muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi manufofi. Don yin wannan, PAC tana tabbatar da cewa nazarin bayanai ya shiga cikin dukkan ayyukan bincikenta. Ta hanyar ayyukan manufofi da ayyukan sadarwa, tana bayyana mahimman abubuwan da suka shafi ayyuka ga masu ruwa da tsaki. == Tarihi == A shekarar 1992, Samuel Paul, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Shri Samuel Paul: He worked for clean public governance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Padma-Shri-Samuel-Paul-He-worked-for-clean-public-governance/articleshow/49575448.cms |website=indiatimes.com}}</ref> masanin tattalin arziki, malami kuma ƙwararre a fannin gudanarwa, yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta ƙirƙiro 'katin rahoto' kan ayyukan jama'a na Bangalore. Dangane da ra'ayoyi biyu na aunawa da kwatantawa, katunan rahoton sun haifar da ra'ayoyin jama'a masu inganci da sahihanci kan batutuwan da suka shafi isar da ayyukan jama'a kamar inganci, aminci, cin hanci da rashawa da gamsuwa. Hanyar ta sami kulawa sosai a ƙasa da ƙasa. Jama'a sun yi muhawara kan abubuwan da aka gano kuma sha'awar kafofin watsa labarai da batutuwa kamar cin hanci da rashawa suka haifar sun ba da kwarin gwiwa ga hukumomin gwamnati da dama a Bangalore don sake duba ayyukansu. Waɗannan martanin farko sun haifar da ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Hulɗa da Jama'a <ref>{{Cite web |title=Samuel Paul: Latest News, Videos and Photos on Samuel Paul - DNA News |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/topic/samuel-paul}}</ref> a hukumance a shekarar 1994 tare da tallafin kuɗi daga Gidauniyar Ƙasa ta Indiya da Gidauniyar Ford. Dr. Paul shine shugaban da ya kafa. [[Fayil:PAC_CAMPUS_PIC.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Hoton PAC Campus]] == Allon allo == * Sudhakar Rao, Shugaba * Uma Mahadevan, Memba * H. Sudarshan, Memba * LK Ateeq * Farfesa S Sadagopan, Memba * Dr. D. Rajasekhar, Memba * Dr. Sudeshna Mukherjee, Memba * Sujit Kumar Chowdhury, Director == Manazarta == 3fhn8cktaw220lhtliyptxm850rvyp7 827929 827928 2026-04-30T08:26:37Z Nnamadee 31123 827929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An kafa '''Cibiyar Hulɗa da Jama'a (PAC)''' a shekarar 1994 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Affairs Centre – WE ARE 25! |url=https://pacindia.org/page/about |website=pacindia.org}}</ref> tana gudanar da binciken ayyuka ta hanyar amfani da nazarin bayanai yadda ya kamata. PAC ta fara aikin Kayan Aikin Kula da Al'umma (SATs) wanda aka karɓe shi da kyau kuma aka karɓe shi a duk duniya. Ta yin hakan, PAC ta tabbatar da cewa ta haɗa da al'umma ta hanyar ba da "murya ga marasa murya". A matsayinta na Tunani, koyaushe tana haɓaka bincike bisa ga shaida don manufofin jama'a waɗanda ke da abubuwan da za a iya aiwatarwa don haɓaka da amfani. A halin yanzu tana mai da hankali kan muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi SDGs don haɗawa da ilimin firamare, lafiya, rayuwa da ƙwarewa da jinsi wanda ya mamaye dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi SDGs. A takaice, tana gudanar da bincike mai inganci don samar da shawarwari masu inganci da adalci kan muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi manufofi. Don yin wannan, PAC tana tabbatar da cewa nazarin bayanai ya shiga cikin dukkan ayyukan bincikenta. Ta hanyar ayyukan manufofi da ayyukan sadarwa, tana bayyana mahimman abubuwan da suka shafi ayyuka ga masu ruwa da tsaki. == Tarihi == A shekarar 1992, Samuel Paul, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Shri Samuel Paul: He worked for clean public governance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Padma-Shri-Samuel-Paul-He-worked-for-clean-public-governance/articleshow/49575448.cms |website=indiatimes.com}}</ref> masanin tattalin arziki, malami kuma ƙwararre a fannin gudanarwa, yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta ƙirƙiro 'katin rahoto' kan ayyukan jama'a na Bangalore. Dangane da ra'ayoyi biyu na aunawa da kwatantawa, katunan rahoton sun haifar da ra'ayoyin jama'a masu inganci da sahihanci kan batutuwan da suka shafi isar da ayyukan jama'a kamar inganci, aminci, cin hanci da rashawa da gamsuwa. Hanyar ta sami kulawa sosai a ƙasa da ƙasa. Jama'a sun yi muhawara kan abubuwan da aka gano kuma sha'awar kafofin watsa labarai da batutuwa kamar cin hanci da rashawa suka haifar sun ba da kwarin gwiwa ga hukumomin gwamnati da dama a Bangalore don sake duba ayyukansu. Waɗannan martanin farko sun haifar da ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Hulɗa da Jama'a <ref>{{Cite web |title=Samuel Paul: Latest News, Videos and Photos on Samuel Paul - DNA News |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/topic/samuel-paul}}</ref> a hukumance a shekarar 1994 tare da tallafin kuɗi daga Gidauniyar Ƙasa ta Indiya da Gidauniyar Ford. Dr. Paul shine shugaban da ya kafa. [[Fayil:PAC_CAMPUS_PIC.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Hoton PAC Campus]] == Allon allo == * Sudhakar Rao, Shugaba * Uma Mahadevan, Memba * H. Sudarshan, Memba * LK Ateeq * Farfesa S Sadagopan, Memba * Dr. D. Rajasekhar, Memba * Dr. Sudeshna Mukherjee, Memba * Sujit Kumar Chowdhury, Director == Manazarta == og9r7mvkt1t3lyn58fusgmx6chxh059 0 148761 827930 2026-04-30T08:29:59Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342294377|Pilar Bayer]]" 827930 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pilar Bayer Isant''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) ƙwararriyar masaniyar lissafi ce 'yar ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ta ƙware a fannin ka'idar lambobi . Ita farfesa ce ta Emerita a fannin Lissafi da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta ta Jami'ar Barcelona . {{R|ub}} == Ilimi da aiki == An haifi Bayer a Barcelona a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1946. Kafin ta zama ƙwararren masanin lissafi, ta sami takardar shaidar malamar piano daga Municipal Conservatory of Barcelona a shekarar 1967. {{R|ra}} Ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a Jami'ar Barcelona a shekarar 1968, {{R|ra}} kuma ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a can a shekarar 1975. Rafael Mallol Balmaña da Jürgen Neukirch ne suka kula da karatun digirinta na farko, ''Extensions maximales de un cuerpo global en las que un divisor primo descompone completamente'' . {{R|mg}} Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu na farko da suka sami digirin digirgir daga jami'a; ɗayan kuma malamar makarantar sakandare ce. {{R|ra}} Ta kasance mataimakiya a Jami'ar Jami'ar Regensburg daga 1977 zuwa 1980. Bayan ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Santander da Jami'ar Cin gashin kanta ta Barcelona, ta shiga jami'ar Jami'ar Barcelona a 1982. Ta yi ritaya a 2016. {{R|home}} == Gudummawa == Tare da Montserrat Alsina, Bayer ita ce marubucin littafin ''Quaternion Orders, Quadratic Forms, da Shimura Curves'' (American Mathematical Society, 2004). {{R|qqs}} Baya ga aljebras na quaternion, umarni na Eichler, siffofin quadratic, da kuma lanƙwasa Shimura (batun littafin), wasu batutuwa a cikin bincikenta sun haɗa da siffofin automorphic, lissafin diophantine, lanƙwasa elliptic, lanƙwasa masu motsi, da ayyukan zeta . {{R|ub}} Bayan ka'idar lamba, tare da Jordi Guàrdia da Artur Travesa ita ce marubucin ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' [[Tarihin lissafi|(]] Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2012) a tsakiyar karni na 9 a Jamus. tsakiyar karni na 20. {{R|sdo}} Gabaɗaya ita marubuciya ce ko editan littattafai 19. {{R|home}} == Ganewa == Bayer ta lashe lambar yabo ta Narcís Monturiol na Generalitat de Catalunya a cikin 1998. {{R|ub}} Littafinta ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' ta lashe lambar yabo ta Serra d'Or a Critic's {{R|sdo}} Ita ce Farfesa mai ziyara ta Emmy Noether a [[Jami'ar Göttingen]] a shekara ta 2004. {{R|en}} Ita ƙwararriya ce a fannin ilimi a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sarauta ta Spain, {{Interlanguage link|Royal European Academy of Doctors|ca|Reial Acadèmia Europea de Doctors}}, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Royal ta Barcelona, da Cibiyar Nazarin Catalan . {{R|ub}} Domin girmama cikarta shekaru 70, Jami'ar Barcelona ta buga bugu biyu na zaɓaɓɓun ayyukanta a shekarar 2016. {{R|sel}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] d83wqcmbp73vhtv2v76jaz79l6or45a 827931 827930 2026-04-30T08:31:36Z Nnamadee 31123 827931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pilar Bayer Isant''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) ƙwararriyar masaniyar lissafi ce 'yar ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ta ƙware a fannin ka'idar lambobi. Ita farfesa ce ta Emerita a fannin Lissafi da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta ta Jami'ar Barcelona. == Ilimi da aiki == An haifi Bayer a Barcelona a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1946. Kafin ta zama ƙwararren masanin lissafi, ta sami takardar shaidar malamar piano daga Municipal Conservatory of Barcelona a shekarar 1967. Ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a Jami'ar Barcelona a shekarar 1968, {{R|ra}} kuma ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a can a shekarar 1975. Rafael Mallol Balmaña da Jürgen Neukirch ne suka kula da karatun digirinta na farko, ''Extensions maximales de un cuerpo global en las que un divisor primo descompone completamente'' . {{R|mg}} Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu na farko da suka sami digirin digirgir daga jami'a; ɗayan kuma malamar makarantar sakandare ce. Ta kasance mataimakiya a Jami'ar Jami'ar Regensburg daga 1977 zuwa 1980. Bayan ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Santander da Jami'ar Cin gashin kanta ta Barcelona, ta shiga jami'ar Jami'ar Barcelona a 1982. Ta yi ritaya a 2016. == Gudummawa == Tare da Montserrat Alsina, Bayer ita ce marubucin littafin ''Quaternion Orders, Quadratic Forms, da Shimura Curves'' (American Mathematical Society, 2004). {{R|qqs}} Baya ga aljebras na quaternion, umarni na Eichler, siffofin quadratic, da kuma lanƙwasa Shimura (batun littafin), wasu batutuwa a cikin bincikenta sun haɗa da siffofin automorphic, lissafin diophantine, lanƙwasa elliptic, lanƙwasa masu motsi, da ayyukan zeta. Bayan ka'idar lamba, tare da Jordi Guàrdia da Artur Travesa ita ce marubucin ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' [[Tarihin lissafi|(]] Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2012) a tsakiyar karni na 9 a Jamus. tsakiyar karni na 20. {{R|sdo}} Gabaɗaya ita marubuciya ce ko editan littattafai 19.. == Ganewa == Bayer ta lashe lambar yabo ta Narcís Monturiol na Generalitat de Catalunya a cikin 1998. {{R|ub}} Littafinta ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' ta lashe lambar yabo ta Serra d'Or a Critic's. Ita ce Farfesa mai ziyara ta Emmy Noether a [[Jami'ar Göttingen]] a shekara ta 2004. {{R|en}} Ita ƙwararriya ce a fannin ilimi a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sarauta ta Spain, {{Interlanguage link|Royal European Academy of Doctors|ca|Reial Acadèmia Europea de Doctors}}, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Royal ta Barcelona, da Cibiyar Nazarin Catalan. Domin girmama cikarta shekaru 70, Jami'ar Barcelona ta buga bugu biyu na zaɓaɓɓun ayyukanta a shekarar 2016. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qc6w01gko0t5raeyb50pztu4jvp9ojy 827932 827931 2026-04-30T08:33:13Z Nnamadee 31123 827932 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pilar Bayer Isant''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) ƙwararriyar masaniyar lissafi ce 'yar ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ta ƙware a fannin ka'idar lambobi. Ita farfesa ce ta Emerita a fannin Lissafi da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta ta Jami'ar Barcelona. == Ilimi da aiki == An haifi Bayer a Barcelona a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1946. Kafin ta zama ƙwararren masanin lissafi, ta sami takardar shaidar malamar piano daga Municipal Conservatory of Barcelona a shekarar 1967. Ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a Jami'ar Barcelona a shekarar 1968, kuma ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a can a shekarar 1975. Rafael Mallol Balmaña da Jürgen Neukirch ne suka kula da karatun digirinta na farko, ''Extensions maximales de un cuerpo global en las que un divisor primo descompone completamente.'' Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu na farko da suka sami digirin digirgir daga jami'a; ɗayan kuma malamar makarantar sakandare ce. Ta kasance mataimakiya a Jami'ar Jami'ar Regensburg daga 1977 zuwa 1980. Bayan ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Santander da Jami'ar Cin gashin kanta ta Barcelona, ta shiga jami'ar Jami'ar Barcelona a 1982. Ta yi ritaya a 2016. == Gudummawa == Tare da Montserrat Alsina, Bayer ita ce marubucin littafin ''Quaternion Orders, Quadratic Forms, da Shimura Curves'' (American Mathematical Society, 2004). Baya ga aljebras na quaternion, umarni na Eichler, siffofin quadratic, da kuma lanƙwasa Shimura (batun littafin), wasu batutuwa a cikin bincikenta sun haɗa da siffofin automorphic, lissafin diophantine, lanƙwasa elliptic, lanƙwasa masu motsi, da ayyukan zeta. Bayan ka'idar lamba, tare da Jordi Guàrdia da Artur Travesa ita ce marubucin ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' [[Tarihin lissafi|(]] Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2012) a tsakiyar karni na 9 a Jamus. tsakiyar karni na 20. Gabaɗaya ita marubuciya ce ko editan littattafai 19.. == Ganewa == Bayer ta lashe lambar yabo ta Narcís Monturiol na Generalitat de Catalunya a cikin 1998. Littafinta ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' ta lashe lambar yabo ta Serra d'Or a Critic's. Ita ce Farfesa mai ziyara ta Emmy Noether a [[Jami'ar Göttingen]] a shekara ta 2004. Ita ƙwararriya ce a fannin ilimi a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sarauta ta Spain, {{Interlanguage link|Royal European Academy of Doctors|ca|Reial Acadèmia Europea de Doctors}}, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Royal ta Barcelona, da Cibiyar Nazarin Catalan. Domin girmama cikarta shekaru 70, Jami'ar Barcelona ta buga bugu biyu na zaɓaɓɓun ayyukanta a shekarar 2016. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mc4mofwmy3tslmvqi6jms6wgmx4tzb4 827933 827932 2026-04-30T08:34:17Z Nnamadee 31123 827933 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pilar Bayer Isant''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) ƙwararriyar masaniyar lissafi ce 'yar ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ta ƙware a fannin ka'idar lambobi. Ita farfesa ce ta Emerita a fannin Lissafi da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta ta Jami'ar Barcelona.<ref>Dra. Bayer Isant, Pilar, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, retrieved 2019-06-27</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == An haifi Bayer a Barcelona a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1946. Kafin ta zama ƙwararren masanin lissafi, ta sami takardar shaidar malamar piano daga Municipal Conservatory of Barcelona a shekarar 1967. Ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a Jami'ar Barcelona a shekarar 1968, kuma ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a can a shekarar 1975. Rafael Mallol Balmaña da Jürgen Neukirch ne suka kula da karatun digirinta na farko, ''Extensions maximales de un cuerpo global en las que un divisor primo descompone completamente.'' Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu na farko da suka sami digirin digirgir daga jami'a; ɗayan kuma malamar makarantar sakandare ce. Ta kasance mataimakiya a Jami'ar Jami'ar Regensburg daga 1977 zuwa 1980. Bayan ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Santander da Jami'ar Cin gashin kanta ta Barcelona, ta shiga jami'ar Jami'ar Barcelona a 1982. Ta yi ritaya a 2016. == Gudummawa == Tare da Montserrat Alsina, Bayer ita ce marubucin littafin ''Quaternion Orders, Quadratic Forms, da Shimura Curves'' (American Mathematical Society, 2004). Baya ga aljebras na quaternion, umarni na Eichler, siffofin quadratic, da kuma lanƙwasa Shimura (batun littafin), wasu batutuwa a cikin bincikenta sun haɗa da siffofin automorphic, lissafin diophantine, lanƙwasa elliptic, lanƙwasa masu motsi, da ayyukan zeta. Bayan ka'idar lamba, tare da Jordi Guàrdia da Artur Travesa ita ce marubucin ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' [[Tarihin lissafi|(]] Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2012) a tsakiyar karni na 9 a Jamus. tsakiyar karni na 20. Gabaɗaya ita marubuciya ce ko editan littattafai 19.. == Ganewa == Bayer ta lashe lambar yabo ta Narcís Monturiol na Generalitat de Catalunya a cikin 1998. Littafinta ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' ta lashe lambar yabo ta Serra d'Or a Critic's. Ita ce Farfesa mai ziyara ta Emmy Noether a [[Jami'ar Göttingen]] a shekara ta 2004. Ita ƙwararriya ce a fannin ilimi a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sarauta ta Spain, {{Interlanguage link|Royal European Academy of Doctors|ca|Reial Acadèmia Europea de Doctors}}, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Royal ta Barcelona, da Cibiyar Nazarin Catalan. Domin girmama cikarta shekaru 70, Jami'ar Barcelona ta buga bugu biyu na zaɓaɓɓun ayyukanta a shekarar 2016. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fcjx9l13vmhz945ghxww5g08nouinen 827934 827933 2026-04-30T08:34:59Z Nnamadee 31123 827934 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pilar Bayer Isant''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) ƙwararriyar masaniyar lissafi ce 'yar ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ta ƙware a fannin ka'idar lambobi. Ita farfesa ce ta Emerita a fannin Lissafi da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta ta Jami'ar Barcelona.<ref>Dra. Bayer Isant, Pilar, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, retrieved 2019-06-27</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == An haifi Bayer a Barcelona a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1946. Kafin ta zama ƙwararren masanin lissafi, ta sami takardar shaidar malamar piano daga Municipal Conservatory of Barcelona a shekarar 1967. Ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a Jami'ar Barcelona a shekarar 1968, kuma ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a can a shekarar 1975. Rafael Mallol Balmaña da Jürgen Neukirch ne suka kula da karatun digirinta na farko, ''Extensions maximales de un cuerpo global en las que un divisor primo descompone completamente.'' Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu na farko da suka sami digirin digirgir daga jami'a; ɗayan kuma malamar makarantar sakandare ce. Ta kasance mataimakiya a Jami'ar Jami'ar Regensburg daga 1977 zuwa 1980. Bayan ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Santander da Jami'ar Cin gashin kanta ta Barcelona, ta shiga jami'ar Jami'ar Barcelona a 1982. Ta yi ritaya a 2016. == Gudummawa == Tare da Montserrat Alsina, Bayer ita ce marubucin littafin ''Quaternion Orders, Quadratic Forms, da Shimura Curves'' (American Mathematical Society, 2004). Baya ga aljebras na quaternion, umarni na Eichler, siffofin quadratic, da kuma lanƙwasa Shimura (batun littafin), wasu batutuwa a cikin bincikenta sun haɗa da siffofin automorphic, lissafin diophantine, lanƙwasa elliptic, lanƙwasa masu motsi, da ayyukan zeta. Bayan ka'idar lamba, tare da Jordi Guàrdia da Artur Travesa ita ce marubucin ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' [[Tarihin lissafi|(]] Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2012) a tsakiyar karni na 9 a Jamus. tsakiyar karni na 20. Gabaɗaya ita marubuciya ce ko editan littattafai 19.. == Ganewa == Bayer ta lashe lambar yabo ta Narcís Monturiol na Generalitat de Catalunya a cikin 1998. Littafinta ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' ta lashe lambar yabo ta Serra d'Or a Critic's. Ita ce Farfesa mai ziyara ta Emmy Noether a [[Jami'ar Göttingen]] a shekara ta 2004. Ita ƙwararriya ce a fannin ilimi a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sarauta ta Spain, {{Interlanguage link|Royal European Academy of Doctors|ca|Reial Acadèmia Europea de Doctors}}, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Royal ta Barcelona, da Cibiyar Nazarin Catalan. Domin girmama cikarta shekaru 70, Jami'ar Barcelona ta buga bugu biyu na zaɓaɓɓun ayyukanta a shekarar 2016.<ref>The University of Barcelona publishes the selected work of the academician Pilar Bayer, Royal European Academy of Doctors, 23 April 2016, retrieved 2019-06-27</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mnos0squwmhhetk6z1ei6cjoc8la5dh 827935 827934 2026-04-30T08:35:38Z Nnamadee 31123 827935 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pilar Bayer Isant''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) ƙwararriyar masaniyar lissafi ce 'yar ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ta ƙware a fannin ka'idar lambobi. Ita farfesa ce ta Emerita a fannin Lissafi da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta ta Jami'ar Barcelona.<ref>Dra. Bayer Isant, Pilar, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, retrieved 2019-06-27</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == An haifi Bayer a Barcelona a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1946. Kafin ta zama ƙwararren masanin lissafi, ta sami takardar shaidar malamar piano daga Municipal Conservatory of Barcelona a shekarar 1967.<ref>Pilar Bayer Isant, retrato alfabético, Mujeres con ciencia, November 11, 2015, retrieved 2019-06-27</ref> Ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a Jami'ar Barcelona a shekarar 1968, kuma ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a can a shekarar 1975. Rafael Mallol Balmaña da Jürgen Neukirch ne suka kula da karatun digirinta na farko, ''Extensions maximales de un cuerpo global en las que un divisor primo descompone completamente.'' Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu na farko da suka sami digirin digirgir daga jami'a; ɗayan kuma malamar makarantar sakandare ce. Ta kasance mataimakiya a Jami'ar Jami'ar Regensburg daga 1977 zuwa 1980. Bayan ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Santander da Jami'ar Cin gashin kanta ta Barcelona, ta shiga jami'ar Jami'ar Barcelona a 1982. Ta yi ritaya a 2016. == Gudummawa == Tare da Montserrat Alsina, Bayer ita ce marubucin littafin ''Quaternion Orders, Quadratic Forms, da Shimura Curves'' (American Mathematical Society, 2004). Baya ga aljebras na quaternion, umarni na Eichler, siffofin quadratic, da kuma lanƙwasa Shimura (batun littafin), wasu batutuwa a cikin bincikenta sun haɗa da siffofin automorphic, lissafin diophantine, lanƙwasa elliptic, lanƙwasa masu motsi, da ayyukan zeta. Bayan ka'idar lamba, tare da Jordi Guàrdia da Artur Travesa ita ce marubucin ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' [[Tarihin lissafi|(]] Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2012) a tsakiyar karni na 9 a Jamus. tsakiyar karni na 20. Gabaɗaya ita marubuciya ce ko editan littattafai 19.. == Ganewa == Bayer ta lashe lambar yabo ta Narcís Monturiol na Generalitat de Catalunya a cikin 1998. Littafinta ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' ta lashe lambar yabo ta Serra d'Or a Critic's. Ita ce Farfesa mai ziyara ta Emmy Noether a [[Jami'ar Göttingen]] a shekara ta 2004. Ita ƙwararriya ce a fannin ilimi a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sarauta ta Spain, {{Interlanguage link|Royal European Academy of Doctors|ca|Reial Acadèmia Europea de Doctors}}, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Royal ta Barcelona, da Cibiyar Nazarin Catalan. Domin girmama cikarta shekaru 70, Jami'ar Barcelona ta buga bugu biyu na zaɓaɓɓun ayyukanta a shekarar 2016.<ref>The University of Barcelona publishes the selected work of the academician Pilar Bayer, Royal European Academy of Doctors, 23 April 2016, retrieved 2019-06-27</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6g2kqrmdhj0j1mvq01sznt24rfeh8sj 827936 827935 2026-04-30T08:36:20Z Nnamadee 31123 827936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pilar Bayer Isant''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) ƙwararriyar masaniyar lissafi ce 'yar ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ta ƙware a fannin ka'idar lambobi. Ita farfesa ce ta Emerita a fannin Lissafi da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta ta Jami'ar Barcelona.<ref>Dra. Bayer Isant, Pilar, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, retrieved 2019-06-27</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == An haifi Bayer a Barcelona a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1946. Kafin ta zama ƙwararren masanin lissafi, ta sami takardar shaidar malamar piano daga Municipal Conservatory of Barcelona a shekarar 1967.<ref>Pilar Bayer Isant, retrato alfabético, Mujeres con ciencia, November 11, 2015, retrieved 2019-06-27</ref> Ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a Jami'ar Barcelona a shekarar 1968, kuma ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a can a shekarar 1975. Rafael Mallol Balmaña da Jürgen Neukirch ne suka kula da karatun digirinta na farko, ''Extensions maximales de un cuerpo global en las que un divisor primo descompone completamente.'' Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu na farko da suka sami digirin digirgir daga jami'a; ɗayan kuma malamar makarantar sakandare ce. Ta kasance mataimakiya a Jami'ar Jami'ar Regensburg daga 1977 zuwa 1980. Bayan ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Santander da Jami'ar Cin gashin kanta ta Barcelona, ta shiga jami'ar Jami'ar Barcelona a 1982. Ta yi ritaya a 2016. == Gudummawa == Tare da Montserrat Alsina, Bayer ita ce marubucin littafin ''Quaternion Orders, Quadratic Forms, da Shimura Curves'' (American Mathematical Society, 2004). Baya ga aljebras na quaternion, umarni na Eichler, siffofin quadratic, da kuma lanƙwasa Shimura (batun littafin), wasu batutuwa a cikin bincikenta sun haɗa da siffofin automorphic, lissafin diophantine, lanƙwasa elliptic, lanƙwasa masu motsi, da ayyukan zeta. Bayan ka'idar lamba, tare da Jordi Guàrdia da Artur Travesa ita ce marubucin ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' [[Tarihin lissafi|(]] Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2012) a tsakiyar karni na 9 a Jamus. tsakiyar karni na 20. Gabaɗaya ita marubuciya ce ko editan littattafai 19.<ref>Pilar Bayer Isant, University of Barcelona, retrieved 2019-06-27</ref> == Ganewa == Bayer ta lashe lambar yabo ta Narcís Monturiol na Generalitat de Catalunya a cikin 1998. Littafinta ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' ta lashe lambar yabo ta Serra d'Or a Critic's. Ita ce Farfesa mai ziyara ta Emmy Noether a [[Jami'ar Göttingen]] a shekara ta 2004. Ita ƙwararriya ce a fannin ilimi a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sarauta ta Spain, {{Interlanguage link|Royal European Academy of Doctors|ca|Reial Acadèmia Europea de Doctors}}, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Royal ta Barcelona, da Cibiyar Nazarin Catalan. Domin girmama cikarta shekaru 70, Jami'ar Barcelona ta buga bugu biyu na zaɓaɓɓun ayyukanta a shekarar 2016.<ref>The University of Barcelona publishes the selected work of the academician Pilar Bayer, Royal European Academy of Doctors, 23 April 2016, retrieved 2019-06-27</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] azczdep3ghcfrqjqu1oyodhsgeqiist 0 148762 827939 2026-04-30T09:20:16Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1299802870|Timber Trail]]" 827939 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hanyar Timber''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Hanyar Jirgin Kasa ta Tsakiyar Tsibiri ta Arewa''' ko kuma '''Hanyar Timber ta Pureora''', a Tsibirin Arewacin New Zealand, tana da {{Convert|84|km}} hanyar keke (wanda masu tafiya da mafarauta ke amfani da ita) a Pureora Forest Park, an buɗe ta gaba ɗaya a shekarar 2013, tare da gadoji 35 (wanda ma'aikatan [[Ma'aikatar Karewa (New Zealand)|DoC]], ma'aikatan al'umma, ko 'yan kwangila suka gina), gami da manyan gadoji takwas masu dakatarwa (ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsayi akan hanyar keke ta New Zealand, mafi kwanciyar hankali fiye da gadoji masu juyawa da ake amfani da su akan tsoffin hanyoyi). Yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin keke da yawa da aka haɓaka a matsayin wani ɓangare na Hanyar Keke ta New Zealand kuma yana ratsa wasu daga cikin dazuzzukan podocarp na ƙarshe na rimu, tōtara, miro, mataī da kahikatea, da kuma wasu gandun daji na waje da kuma daji mai sake farfaɗowa. Kimanin rabin hanyar tana kan gadon tsohon hanyar Ellis da Burnand Tramway, gami da karkace da rami. Ya fi sauƙi a fara Hanyar Timber daga Pureora (ƙarshen Arewa na Hanyar Timber) zuwa Ongarue. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Timber Trail: Pureora – Ongarue |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/timber-trail |access-date=18 November 2017 |website=www.doc.govt.nz |language=en}}</ref> Duk da cewa akwai hawan tudu zuwa Dutsen Pureora a wannan hanyar. Masu hawan tudu masu kyau za su iya rufe hanyar a cikin rana ɗaya. Akwai manyan wuraren shiga guda uku zuwa Hanyar Timber: * Arewa – Kauyen Pureora, mai alama daga SH30 tsakanin Te Kuiti da Mangakino . * Cibiyar - daga sansanin Piropiro a ƙarshen Kokomiko Rd, Waimiha. * Kudu – Ongarue, an sanya alama daga SH4 . == Sashen Arewa == Daga Pureora zuwa Piropiro (39.5)&nbsp;km) Nau'in waƙa: Matsakaici/Aji na 3 [[Fayil:115m_Bog_Creek_suspension_bridge.JPG|thumb|{{Convert|115|m}} Bog Creek bridge]] Manyan gadoji biyu masu dakatarwa sun ratsa magudanar ruwa ta kogin a Bog Inn Creek ( {{Convert|115|m}} ) da kuma mahadar Orauhora mai girman iri ɗaya. '''23–40&nbsp;km''' — '''Hutun Mala’ika – Okauaka Ford – Kogin Maramataha''' Yana amfani da hanyar katako mai tsawon {{Convert|6|km}}, sannan galibi Okauaka Road. {{Convert|500|m}} bayan titin siminti da gadar hanya maƙwabta da ke kan Kogin Okauaka, hanyar ta haɗu da titin tram, ta sake ratsa Titin Okauaka, sannan ta ci gaba ta cikin daji zuwa Titin Kokomiko da filin sansanin Piropiro. Bayan sansanin, hanyar ta sake komawa titin tram zuwa Maramataha Rodd, sannan ta bi Piropiro River a kan sabuwar hanyar zuwa gadar Maramataha. == Sashen Kudu == (Sauƙi/Aji na 2) 43&nbsp;Daga Piropiro zuwa Ongarue '''40–52&nbsp;km''' – '''Piropiro zuwa Mala'iku Hutu''' Matsakaici/Aji na 3 [[Fayil:Maramataha_Bridge_opened_2011.JPG|thumb|{{Convert|141|m}} Gadar Maramataha akan [[Kogin Maramataha]]]] [[Fayil:Cutting_on_the_Ellis_and_Burnand_Ongarue_tramway,_now_the_Timber_Trail.JPG|thumb|Kilomita 52 - kowace kilomita an yi mata alama]] Tafiya daga sansanin Piropiro na minti 30 ta kai ga {{Convert|141|m}} Gadar [[Kogin Maramataha|Maramataha]], wasu {{Convert|60|m}} a saman Kwarin Maramatada da kuma babbar gadar dakatarwa irinta a kan kowace hanyar keke a New Zealand. Gine-gine ya buƙaci haƙa dutse da aikin anga. Ana tallafawa shi a kan {{Convert|12.8|m}} manyan hasumiyai masu girman glulam . '''52–64&nbsp;km''' - '''Kogin Maramataha - Junction Deer Park - Waione Stream''' Kudu da gadar, hawa mafi tsayi a kan hanyar yana tafiya ne zuwa wani tudu a kan sabuwar hanya. Daga layin dogo mai kusurwa huɗu zuwa ƙarshen arewa na Ellis da Burnand Tramway, hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Ongarue, wadda hanyar ke bi ta hanyar da ta fi sauƙi zuwa Ongarue. An share waɗannan hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa a shekarar 2011. <ref name="Poutama">[http://www.poutama.co.nz/community/documents/CyclewayupdateAug11.pdf Poutama update August 2011]{{Dead link|date=July 2018|fix-attempted=no}}</ref> '''64–74&nbsp;km''' — '''Rafi Waione – Rafi Waikoura – Goat Creek''' Tsawon {{Convert|40|m}} gadar dakatarwa ta ratsa kogin Waione, sannan hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta ratsa kogin Waikoura, ta ratsa sansanonin lamba 11 da lamba 10, da kuma mahadar hanyar jirgin ƙasa mai lamba 9. Hukumar bayanai ta ce sansanin Waikoura da ke lamba 9 shi ne mafi girma kuma sansanin ƙarshe a wannan hanyar jirgin ƙasa, wanda aka gina a shekarar 1950 kuma aka rufe shi a shekarar 1963, tare da gidaje 6 da bukkoki 9 na maza marasa aure. Tsawon {{Convert|28|m}} gadar dakatarwa ta ratsa Waikoura Stream da kuma hanyar jirgin ƙasa da ke haɗe da {{Convert|90|m}} Gadar dakatarwa ta Mangatukutuku, sannan hanyar jirgin ƙasa mai lamba 7 ta bi ta Goat Creek. <ref name="Poutama" /> '''74–83&nbsp;km''' — '''Goat Creek – Ongaru Spiral – Mangakahu Rd''' Gadar katako mai lanƙwasa mai tsawon ƙafa uku tana ratsa kogin Goat, kamar gadojin layin dogo da yawa, sannan {{Convert|4|km}} na hanyar jirgin ƙasa da aka share a shekarar 2011 ta kai ga karkacewar. [[Fayil:Ongarue_spiral_Timber_Trail_interpretation_panels.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ƙasa na Ellis da Burnand ya hau {{Convert|43|m}} a nan]] Jirgin '''Ongarue Spiral''' ya hau layin dogo mai tsawon {{Convert|43|m}} a kan wani mataki, daji lokeys za su iya jurewa (na tsawon {{Convert|6|km}} matsakaicin matakin ya kai 1 cikin 30). <ref name="Things to do">{{Cite web |title=Ongarue Tramway and Spiral |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/waikato/places/pureora-forest-park/ongarue-tramway-and-spiral/}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin karkacewar, an gina hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta hanyar yanke wani gangare a cikin tsaunin ignimbrite . Yana ci gaba da faɗuwa har sai ya isa bakin Kogin Mangakahu. {{Convert|4|km}} suna tafiya a gefen hanyar a wani wurin ajiye motoci kusa da titin Mangakahu, {{Convert|2|km}} daga Ongarue. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4caod81ch7spxy287vj4qs2io0lp0jy 827941 827939 2026-04-30T09:22:48Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1299802870|Timber Trail]]" 827941 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hanyar Timber''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Hanyar Jirgin Kasa ta Tsakiyar Tsibiri ta Arewa''' ko kuma '''Hanyar Timber ta Pureora''', a Tsibirin Arewacin New Zealand, tana da {{Convert|84|km}} hanyar keke (wanda masu tafiya da mafarauta ke amfani da ita) a Pureora Forest Park, an buɗe ta gaba ɗaya a shekarar 2013, tare da gadoji 35 (wanda ma'aikatan [[Ma'aikatar Karewa (New Zealand)|DoC]], ma'aikatan al'umma, ko 'yan kwangila suka gina), gami da manyan gadoji takwas masu dakatarwa (ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsayi akan hanyar keke ta New Zealand, mafi kwanciyar hankali fiye da gadoji masu juyawa da ake amfani da su akan tsoffin hanyoyi). Yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin keke da yawa da aka haɓaka a matsayin wani ɓangare na Hanyar Keke ta New Zealand kuma yana ratsa wasu daga cikin dazuzzukan podocarp na ƙarshe na rimu, tōtara, miro, mataī da kahikatea, da kuma wasu gandun daji na waje da kuma daji mai sake farfaɗowa. Kimanin rabin hanyar tana kan gadon tsohon hanyar Ellis da Burnand Tramway, gami da karkace da rami. Ya fi sauƙi a fara Hanyar Timber daga Pureora (ƙarshen Arewa na Hanyar Timber) zuwa Ongarue. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Timber Trail: Pureora – Ongarue |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/timber-trail |access-date=18 November 2017 |website=www.doc.govt.nz |language=en}}</ref> Duk da cewa akwai hawan tudu zuwa Dutsen Pureora a wannan hanyar. Masu hawan tudu masu kyau za su iya rufe hanyar a cikin rana ɗaya. Akwai manyan wuraren shiga guda uku zuwa Hanyar Timber: * Arewa – Kauyen Pureora, mai alama daga SH30 tsakanin Te Kuiti da Mangakino . * Cibiyar - daga sansanin Piropiro a ƙarshen Kokomiko Rd, Waimiha. * Kudu – Ongarue, an sanya alama daga SH4 . == Sashen Arewa == Daga Pureora zuwa Piropiro (39.5)&nbsp;km) Nau'in waƙa: Matsakaici/Aji na 3 [[Fayil:115m_Bog_Creek_suspension_bridge.JPG|thumb|{{Convert|115|m}} Bog Creek bridge]] Manyan gadoji biyu masu dakatarwa sun ratsa magudanar ruwa ta kogin a Bog Inn Creek ( {{Convert|115|m}} ) da kuma mahadar Orauhora mai girman iri ɗaya. '''23–40&nbsp;km''' — '''Hutun Mala’ika – Okauaka Ford – Kogin Maramataha''' Yana amfani da hanyar katako mai tsawon {{Convert|6|km}}, sannan galibi Okauaka Road. {{Convert|500|m}} bayan titin siminti da gadar hanya maƙwabta da ke kan Kogin Okauaka, hanyar ta haɗu da titin tram, ta sake ratsa Titin Okauaka, sannan ta ci gaba ta cikin daji zuwa Titin Kokomiko da filin sansanin Piropiro. Bayan sansanin, hanyar ta sake komawa titin tram zuwa Maramataha Rodd, sannan ta bi Piropiro River a kan sabuwar hanyar zuwa gadar Maramataha. == Sashen Kudu == (Sauƙi/Aji na 2) 43&nbsp;Daga Piropiro zuwa Ongarue '''40–52&nbsp;km''' – '''Piropiro zuwa Mala'iku Hutu''' Matsakaici/Aji na 3 [[Fayil:Maramataha_Bridge_opened_2011.JPG|thumb|{{Convert|141|m}} Gadar Maramataha akan [[Kogin Maramataha]]]] [[Fayil:Cutting_on_the_Ellis_and_Burnand_Ongarue_tramway,_now_the_Timber_Trail.JPG|thumb|Kilomita 52 - kowace kilomita an yi mata alama]] Tafiya daga sansanin Piropiro na minti 30 ta kai ga {{Convert|141|m}} Gadar [[Kogin Maramataha|Maramataha]], wasu {{Convert|60|m}} a saman Kwarin Maramatada da kuma babbar gadar dakatarwa irinta a kan kowace hanyar keke a New Zealand. Gine-gine ya buƙaci haƙa dutse da aikin anga. Ana tallafawa shi a kan {{Convert|12.8|m}} manyan hasumiyai masu girman glulam . '''52–64&nbsp;km''' - '''Kogin Maramataha - Junction Deer Park - Waione Stream''' Kudu da gadar, hawa mafi tsayi a kan hanyar yana tafiya ne zuwa wani tudu a kan sabuwar hanya. Daga layin dogo mai kusurwa huɗu zuwa ƙarshen arewa na Ellis da Burnand Tramway, hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Ongarue, wadda hanyar ke bi ta hanyar da ta fi sauƙi zuwa Ongarue. An share waɗannan hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa a shekarar 2011. <ref name="Poutama">[http://www.poutama.co.nz/community/documents/CyclewayupdateAug11.pdf Poutama update August 2011]{{Dead link|date=July 2018|fix-attempted=no}}</ref> '''64–74&nbsp;km''' — '''Rafi Waione – Rafi Waikoura – Goat Creek''' Tsawon {{Convert|40|m}} gadar dakatarwa ta ratsa kogin Waione, sannan hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta ratsa kogin Waikoura, ta ratsa sansanonin lamba 11 da lamba 10, da kuma mahadar hanyar jirgin ƙasa mai lamba 9. Hukumar bayanai ta ce sansanin Waikoura da ke lamba 9 shi ne mafi girma kuma sansanin ƙarshe a wannan hanyar jirgin ƙasa, wanda aka gina a shekarar 1950 kuma aka rufe shi a shekarar 1963, tare da gidaje 6 da bukkoki 9 na maza marasa aure. Tsawon {{Convert|28|m}} gadar dakatarwa ta ratsa Waikoura Stream da kuma hanyar jirgin ƙasa da ke haɗe da {{Convert|90|m}} Gadar dakatarwa ta Mangatukutuku, sannan hanyar jirgin ƙasa mai lamba 7 ta bi ta Goat Creek. <ref name="Poutama" /> '''74–83&nbsp;km''' — '''Goat Creek – Ongaru Spiral – Mangakahu Rd''' Gadar katako mai lanƙwasa mai tsawon ƙafa uku tana ratsa kogin Goat, kamar gadojin layin dogo da yawa, sannan {{Convert|4|km}} na hanyar jirgin ƙasa da aka share a shekarar 2011 ta kai ga karkacewar. [[Fayil:Ongarue_spiral_Timber_Trail_interpretation_panels.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ƙasa na Ellis da Burnand ya hau {{Convert|43|m}} a nan]] Jirgin '''Ongarue Spiral''' ya hau layin dogo mai tsawon {{Convert|43|m}} a kan wani mataki, daji lokeys za su iya jurewa (na tsawon {{Convert|6|km}} matsakaicin matakin ya kai 1 cikin 30). <ref name="Things to do">{{Cite web |title=Ongarue Tramway and Spiral |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/waikato/places/pureora-forest-park/ongarue-tramway-and-spiral/}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin karkacewar, an gina hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta hanyar yanke wani gangare a cikin tsaunin ignimbrite . Yana ci gaba da faɗuwa har sai ya isa bakin Kogin Mangakahu. {{Convert|4|km}} suna tafiya a gefen hanyar a wani wurin ajiye motoci kusa da titin Mangakahu, {{Convert|2|km}} daga Ongarue. == Tarihi == Hanyar Timber Trail, wacce aka fi sani da Hanyar Jirgin Kasa ta Tsakiyar Tsibiri ta Arewa, ta kashe kimanin dala miliyan 5.5 don ginawa. Yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan ' Farawa cikin Sauri ' guda bakwai da aka sanar a shekarar 2009, waɗanda aka tallata a matsayin haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki Hanyar Timber Trail ta ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin a kammala ta fiye da wasu ayyukan da suka gabata, don haka ita ce hanyar keke ta goma da aka kammala a New Zealand tun lokacin da Firayim Minista John Key ya ƙaddamar da hanyoyin keke tare da Jam'iyyar Green Party . Zuwa tsakiyar shekarar 2011 {{Convert|23|km}} a bude yake, kuma har yanzu ba a ba da tayin ga bangarorin fassara da gadoji guda biyar ba. A lokacin ne kwangilar da aka yi da Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Tattalin Arziki ga ma'aikatan kungiyar max da taskforce kore ta ƙare. An horar da ma'aikata 12 cikin watanni 12 a fannin aikin katako na asali, gina layin dogo, kekuna huɗu da tuki na 4WD da lafiya da aminci. DoC ta ɗauki ma'aikata biyar daga tsarin MED na tsawon watanni shida don gina {{Convert|6|to|10|m}}, matsugunan mafaka, wasu gine-gine, da wasu gine-gine na hanya. Wani kuma ya ci gaba da "mafi girman al'umma" tare da ƙungiyar nishaɗi. <ref name="Poutama2" /> An fara aikin gyaran karkace na Ongarue a watan Yulin 2011. An ƙarfafa ramin kuma rafin ya sake karkatar da shi (an karkatar da shi lokacin da aka maye gurbin layin jirgin ƙasa da motocin katako). An ƙarfafa rufin ramin da raga, wata gada ta ƙasa da aka gina a dama da gadar asali don adana sassan asali da ragowar gadar sama da aka adana a cikin sabuwar gadar hanya. <ref name="Things to do">{{Cite web |title=Ongarue Tramway and Spiral |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/waikato/places/pureora-forest-park/ongarue-tramway-and-spiral/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/waikato/places/pureora-forest-park/ongarue-tramway-and-spiral/ "Ongarue Tramway and Spiral"].</cite></ref> An yi tattaunawa kan gina wani katafaren gini {{Convert|30|m}} gadar dakatarwa ta kan rafin Mangakahu don kawo ƙarshen hanyar gabas a kan titin Mangakahu, amma hanyar da aka gina tana da wani {{Convert|4|km}} na tafiya mai tsayi da ke ci gaba da arewacin rafin, kusan bin hanyar jirgin ƙasa (duba taswirar da ke ƙasa) zuwa cikin {{Convert|2|km}} na Ongarue. A watan Yulin 2011, an gwada gadojin Maramatada, Waione, da Waikoura zuwa iyakar nauyinsu na mutum 10 ta amfani da nauyin ruwa don samun amincewar majalisar da kuma {{Convert|1.6|km}}an gina dogo (kodayake ba a gina shi a samansa ba). An kammala gadar Maramataha a farkon Oktoba 2012 kuma an buɗe ta a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 2012. An shirya gadar Bog Creek da gadojin dakatarwa na Orauhora na ƙarshen arewa kafin Disamba 2012. <ref name="Things to do" /> A ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2012, ranar buɗe sashen kudu, masu kekuna 150 sun hau gadoji huɗu na dakatarwa, layin jirgin ƙasa, da kuma Ongarue Spiral. <ref name="Things to do">{{Cite web |title=Ongarue Tramway and Spiral |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/waikato/places/pureora-forest-park/ongarue-tramway-and-spiral/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/waikato/places/pureora-forest-park/ongarue-tramway-and-spiral/ "Ongarue Tramway and Spiral"].</cite></ref> An ayyana hanyar katako a bude gaba daya lokacin da Ministan Kare Muhalli ya yanke igiyar a ranar Asabar, 30 ga Maris 2013. Bayan an ci gaba da inganta ayyukan buɗewa da kulawa; a lokacin hunturu na 2013 an yi amfani da ƙarin [[Dutsin gugar kaushi|ƙurajen hawa]] zuwa wuraren da ke da datti a ɓangaren Dutsen Pureora. Akwai yiwuwar wasu canje-canje. Misali, an yi shawarwari kan rangwame game da masauki a Piropiro Flats don ƙara wa sansanin da ke akwai, inda aka share kututturen. [[Fayil:Part_of_1956_one_inch_map_sheet_N92.jpg|thumb|Hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Ellis da Burnand Ongarue, yanzu ƙarshen kudu na Hanyar Timber. An samo ta daga takardar taswirar inci 1 ta 1956 N92. An kiyaye haƙƙin mallaka na Crown.]] Yawancin sashen kudancin Timber Trail yana bin layin dogo da JW Ellis da Harry Burnand suka gina. Masana'antar katakon su a Ongarue ta cika da katako (musamman rimu ) ta hanyar hanyar layin dogo da ke ƙaruwa a hankali tun daga shekarar 1903 har zuwa lokacin da ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata layukan a shekarar 1958. Daga lokacin har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe a shekarar 1966, an mayar da titin jirgin don amfani da motocin katako. Duk da haka, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun hanyoyin layin dogo na daji da aka kiyaye, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wuri mai mahimmanci a ƙasa baki ɗaya. == Ci gaban tattalin arziki == Ɗaya daga cikin manufofin hanyoyin keken hawa shine ƙarfafa ci gaban tattalin arziki a yankunan karkara masu nisa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7v6e6aofu1t7t85t548w415q2kdb4v1 827942 827941 2026-04-30T09:23:38Z Nnamadee 31123 827942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hanyar Timber''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Hanyar Jirgin Kasa ta Tsakiyar Tsibiri ta Arewa''' ko kuma '''Hanyar Timber ta Pureora''', a Tsibirin Arewacin New Zealand, tana da {{Convert|84|km}} hanyar keke (wanda masu tafiya da mafarauta ke amfani da ita) a Pureora Forest Park, an buɗe ta gaba ɗaya a shekarar 2013, tare da gadoji 35 (wanda ma'aikatan [[Ma'aikatar Karewa (New Zealand)|DoC]], ma'aikatan al'umma, ko 'yan kwangila suka gina), gami da manyan gadoji takwas masu dakatarwa (ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsayi akan hanyar keke ta New Zealand, mafi kwanciyar hankali fiye da gadoji masu juyawa da ake amfani da su akan tsoffin hanyoyi). Yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin keke da yawa da aka haɓaka a matsayin wani ɓangare na Hanyar Keke ta New Zealand kuma yana ratsa wasu daga cikin dazuzzukan podocarp na ƙarshe na rimu, tōtara, miro, mataī da kahikatea, da kuma wasu gandun daji na waje da kuma daji mai sake farfaɗowa. Kimanin rabin hanyar tana kan gadon tsohon hanyar Ellis da Burnand Tramway, gami da karkace da rami. Ya fi sauƙi a fara Hanyar Timber daga Pureora (ƙarshen Arewa na Hanyar Timber) zuwa Ongarue. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Timber Trail: Pureora – Ongarue |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/timber-trail |access-date=18 November 2017 |website=www.doc.govt.nz |language=en}}</ref> Duk da cewa akwai hawan tudu zuwa Dutsen Pureora a wannan hanyar. Masu hawan tudu masu kyau za su iya rufe hanyar a cikin rana ɗaya. Akwai manyan wuraren shiga guda uku zuwa Hanyar Timber: * Arewa – Kauyen Pureora, mai alama daga SH30 tsakanin Te Kuiti da Mangakino . * Cibiyar - daga sansanin Piropiro a ƙarshen Kokomiko Rd, Waimiha. * Kudu – Ongarue, an sanya alama daga SH4 . == Sashen Arewa == Daga Pureora zuwa Piropiro (39.5)&nbsp;km) Nau'in waƙa: Matsakaici/Aji na 3 [[Fayil:115m_Bog_Creek_suspension_bridge.JPG|thumb|{{Convert|115|m}} Bog Creek bridge]] Manyan gadoji biyu masu dakatarwa sun ratsa magudanar ruwa ta kogin a Bog Inn Creek ( {{Convert|115|m}} ) da kuma mahadar Orauhora mai girman iri ɗaya. '''23–40&nbsp;km''' — '''Hutun Mala’ika – Okauaka Ford – Kogin Maramataha''' Yana amfani da hanyar katako mai tsawon {{Convert|6|km}}, sannan galibi Okauaka Road. {{Convert|500|m}} bayan titin siminti da gadar hanya maƙwabta da ke kan Kogin Okauaka, hanyar ta haɗu da titin tram, ta sake ratsa Titin Okauaka, sannan ta ci gaba ta cikin daji zuwa Titin Kokomiko da filin sansanin Piropiro. Bayan sansanin, hanyar ta sake komawa titin tram zuwa Maramataha Rodd, sannan ta bi Piropiro River a kan sabuwar hanyar zuwa gadar Maramataha. == Sashen Kudu == (Sauƙi/Aji na 2) 43&nbsp;Daga Piropiro zuwa Ongarue '''40–52&nbsp;km''' – '''Piropiro zuwa Mala'iku Hutu''' Matsakaici/Aji na 3 [[Fayil:Maramataha_Bridge_opened_2011.JPG|thumb|{{Convert|141|m}} Gadar Maramataha akan [[Kogin Maramataha]]]] [[Fayil:Cutting_on_the_Ellis_and_Burnand_Ongarue_tramway,_now_the_Timber_Trail.JPG|thumb|Kilomita 52 - kowace kilomita an yi mata alama]] Tafiya daga sansanin Piropiro na minti 30 ta kai ga {{Convert|141|m}} Gadar [[Kogin Maramataha|Maramataha]], wasu {{Convert|60|m}} a saman Kwarin Maramatada da kuma babbar gadar dakatarwa irinta a kan kowace hanyar keke a New Zealand. Gine-gine ya buƙaci haƙa dutse da aikin anga. Ana tallafawa shi a kan {{Convert|12.8|m}} manyan hasumiyai masu girman glulam . '''52–64&nbsp;km''' - '''Kogin Maramataha - Junction Deer Park - Waione Stream''' Kudu da gadar, hawa mafi tsayi a kan hanyar yana tafiya ne zuwa wani tudu a kan sabuwar hanya. Daga layin dogo mai kusurwa huɗu zuwa ƙarshen arewa na Ellis da Burnand Tramway, hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Ongarue, wadda hanyar ke bi ta hanyar da ta fi sauƙi zuwa Ongarue. An share waɗannan hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa a shekarar 2011. <ref name="Poutama">[http://www.poutama.co.nz/community/documents/CyclewayupdateAug11.pdf Poutama update August 2011]{{Dead link|date=July 2018|fix-attempted=no}}</ref> '''64–74&nbsp;km''' — '''Rafi Waione – Rafi Waikoura – Goat Creek''' Tsawon {{Convert|40|m}} gadar dakatarwa ta ratsa kogin Waione, sannan hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta ratsa kogin Waikoura, ta ratsa sansanonin lamba 11 da lamba 10, da kuma mahadar hanyar jirgin ƙasa mai lamba 9. Hukumar bayanai ta ce sansanin Waikoura da ke lamba 9 shi ne mafi girma kuma sansanin ƙarshe a wannan hanyar jirgin ƙasa, wanda aka gina a shekarar 1950 kuma aka rufe shi a shekarar 1963, tare da gidaje 6 da bukkoki 9 na maza marasa aure. Tsawon {{Convert|28|m}} gadar dakatarwa ta ratsa Waikoura Stream da kuma hanyar jirgin ƙasa da ke haɗe da {{Convert|90|m}} Gadar dakatarwa ta Mangatukutuku, sannan hanyar jirgin ƙasa mai lamba 7 ta bi ta Goat Creek. <ref name="Poutama" /> '''74–83&nbsp;km''' — '''Goat Creek – Ongaru Spiral – Mangakahu Rd''' Gadar katako mai lanƙwasa mai tsawon ƙafa uku tana ratsa kogin Goat, kamar gadojin layin dogo da yawa, sannan {{Convert|4|km}} na hanyar jirgin ƙasa da aka share a shekarar 2011 ta kai ga karkacewar. [[Fayil:Ongarue_spiral_Timber_Trail_interpretation_panels.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ƙasa na Ellis da Burnand ya hau {{Convert|43|m}} a nan]] Jirgin '''Ongarue Spiral''' ya hau layin dogo mai tsawon {{Convert|43|m}} a kan wani mataki, daji lokeys za su iya jurewa (na tsawon {{Convert|6|km}} matsakaicin matakin ya kai 1 cikin 30). <ref name="Things to do">{{Cite web |title=Ongarue Tramway and Spiral |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/waikato/places/pureora-forest-park/ongarue-tramway-and-spiral/}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin karkacewar, an gina hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta hanyar yanke wani gangare a cikin tsaunin ignimbrite . Yana ci gaba da faɗuwa har sai ya isa bakin Kogin Mangakahu. {{Convert|4|km}} suna tafiya a gefen hanyar a wani wurin ajiye motoci kusa da titin Mangakahu, {{Convert|2|km}} daga Ongarue. == Tarihi == Hanyar Timber Trail, wacce aka fi sani da Hanyar Jirgin Kasa ta Tsakiyar Tsibiri ta Arewa, ta kashe kimanin dala miliyan 5.5 don ginawa. Yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan ' Farawa cikin Sauri ' guda bakwai da aka sanar a shekarar 2009, waɗanda aka tallata a matsayin haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki Hanyar Timber Trail ta ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin a kammala ta fiye da wasu ayyukan da suka gabata, don haka ita ce hanyar keke ta goma da aka kammala a New Zealand tun lokacin da Firayim Minista John Key ya ƙaddamar da hanyoyin keke tare da Jam'iyyar Green Party . Zuwa tsakiyar shekarar 2011 {{Convert|23|km}} a bude yake, kuma har yanzu ba a ba da tayin ga bangarorin fassara da gadoji guda biyar ba. A lokacin ne kwangilar da aka yi da Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Tattalin Arziki ga ma'aikatan kungiyar max da taskforce kore ta ƙare. An horar da ma'aikata 12 cikin watanni 12 a fannin aikin katako na asali, gina layin dogo, kekuna huɗu da tuki na 4WD da lafiya da aminci. DoC ta ɗauki ma'aikata biyar daga tsarin MED na tsawon watanni shida don gina {{Convert|6|to|10|m}}, matsugunan mafaka, wasu gine-gine, da wasu gine-gine na hanya. Wani kuma ya ci gaba da "mafi girman al'umma" tare da ƙungiyar nishaɗi. <ref name="Poutama2" /> An fara aikin gyaran karkace na Ongarue a watan Yulin 2011. An ƙarfafa ramin kuma rafin ya sake karkatar da shi (an karkatar da shi lokacin da aka maye gurbin layin jirgin ƙasa da motocin katako). An ƙarfafa rufin ramin da raga, wata gada ta ƙasa da aka gina a dama da gadar asali don adana sassan asali da ragowar gadar sama da aka adana a cikin sabuwar gadar hanya. <ref name="Things to do">{{Cite web |title=Ongarue Tramway and Spiral |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/waikato/places/pureora-forest-park/ongarue-tramway-and-spiral/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/waikato/places/pureora-forest-park/ongarue-tramway-and-spiral/ "Ongarue Tramway and Spiral"].</cite></ref> An yi tattaunawa kan gina wani katafaren gini {{Convert|30|m}} gadar dakatarwa ta kan rafin Mangakahu don kawo ƙarshen hanyar gabas a kan titin Mangakahu, amma hanyar da aka gina tana da wani {{Convert|4|km}} na tafiya mai tsayi da ke ci gaba da arewacin rafin, kusan bin hanyar jirgin ƙasa (duba taswirar da ke ƙasa) zuwa cikin {{Convert|2|km}} na Ongarue. A watan Yulin 2011, an gwada gadojin Maramatada, Waione, da Waikoura zuwa iyakar nauyinsu na mutum 10 ta amfani da nauyin ruwa don samun amincewar majalisar da kuma {{Convert|1.6|km}}an gina dogo (kodayake ba a gina shi a samansa ba). An kammala gadar Maramataha a farkon Oktoba 2012 kuma an buɗe ta a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 2012. An shirya gadar Bog Creek da gadojin dakatarwa na Orauhora na ƙarshen arewa kafin Disamba 2012. <ref name="Things to do" /> A ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2012, ranar buɗe sashen kudu, masu kekuna 150 sun hau gadoji huɗu na dakatarwa, layin jirgin ƙasa, da kuma Ongarue Spiral. <ref name="Things to do">{{Cite web |title=Ongarue Tramway and Spiral |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/waikato/places/pureora-forest-park/ongarue-tramway-and-spiral/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/waikato/places/pureora-forest-park/ongarue-tramway-and-spiral/ "Ongarue Tramway and Spiral"].</cite></ref> An ayyana hanyar katako a bude gaba daya lokacin da Ministan Kare Muhalli ya yanke igiyar a ranar Asabar, 30 ga Maris 2013. Bayan an ci gaba da inganta ayyukan buɗewa da kulawa; a lokacin hunturu na 2013 an yi amfani da ƙarin [[Dutsin gugar kaushi|ƙurajen hawa]] zuwa wuraren da ke da datti a ɓangaren Dutsen Pureora. Akwai yiwuwar wasu canje-canje. Misali, an yi shawarwari kan rangwame game da masauki a Piropiro Flats don ƙara wa sansanin da ke akwai, inda aka share kututturen. [[Fayil:Part_of_1956_one_inch_map_sheet_N92.jpg|thumb|Hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Ellis da Burnand Ongarue, yanzu ƙarshen kudu na Hanyar Timber. An samo ta daga takardar taswirar inci 1 ta 1956 N92. An kiyaye haƙƙin mallaka na Crown.]] Yawancin sashen kudancin Timber Trail yana bin layin dogo da JW Ellis da Harry Burnand suka gina. Masana'antar katakon su a Ongarue ta cika da katako (musamman rimu ) ta hanyar hanyar layin dogo da ke ƙaruwa a hankali tun daga shekarar 1903 har zuwa lokacin da ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata layukan a shekarar 1958. Daga lokacin har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe a shekarar 1966, an mayar da titin jirgin don amfani da motocin katako. Duk da haka, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun hanyoyin layin dogo na daji da aka kiyaye, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wuri mai mahimmanci a ƙasa baki ɗaya. == Ci gaban tattalin arziki == Ɗaya daga cikin manufofin hanyoyin keken hawa shine ƙarfafa ci gaban tattalin arziki a yankunan karkara masu nisa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n3fvxfjb10ikvwmegom6wkjkz2pjt4z 0 148763 827943 2026-04-30T09:40:51Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348290325|Mavka: The True Myth]]" 827943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=|image=|caption=|alt=|director=Katia Tsaryk|producer=Iryna Kostiuk<br>Anna Jelisejeva|writer=|based_on=|starring=|music=Dario Vero|cinematography=|editing=|studio=[[Film.UA]]|distributor=Green Light Films<br>[[Film.UA]]|released={{film date|2026|2|22|Ukraine|df=yes}}|runtime=92 minutes|country=Ukraine|language=[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]|budget=|gross=}}Mavka: Labari na Gaskiya fim ne na tatsuniya na Yukren na 2026 wanda [[:uk:Катя Царик|Katia Tsaryk]] ya jagoranta <ref>{{Cite web |last=Лобанок |first=Дар'я |date=2025-06-13 |title=Фільм "Мавка" вийде наступного року. Хто гратиме головну роль |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/film-mavka-viyde-nastupnogo-roku-hto-gratime-golovnu-rol-308658/ |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711064218/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/film-mavka-viyde-nastupnogo-roku-hto-gratime-golovnu-rol-308658/ |archive-date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Українська правда. Життя |publisher=[[Українська правда]]}}</ref> <ref name="suspilneshylova">{{Cite web |last=Шилова |first=Альона |date=2025-08-06 |title=Як знімають "Мавку. Справжній міф": нічні зміни, дощ і демонологія |url=https://suspilne.media/culture/1080063-ak-znimaut-mavku-spravznij-mif-nicni-zmini-dos-i-demonologia/ |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223215445/https://suspilne.media/culture/1080063-ak-znimaut-mavku-spravznij-mif-nicni-zmini-dos-i-demonologia/ |archive-date=2025-12-23 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=[[Суспільне Культура]] |publisher=[[Національна суспільна телерадіокомпанія України|НСТУ]]}}</ref> wanda Kamfanin Film.UA ta shirya a cikin shekara ta 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-23 |title=У Києві з аншлагом відбулася національна премʼєра фільму «Мавка. Справжній міф» |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/4094673-u-kievi-z-anslagom-vidbulasa-nacionalna-premera-filmu-mavka-spravznij-mif.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301100924/https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/4094673-u-kievi-z-anslagom-vidbulasa-nacionalna-premera-filmu-mavka-spravznij-mif.html |archive-date=2026-03-01 |access-date=2026-03-09 |website=[[Укрінформ]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-22 |title=Названа дата прем’єри фільму «Мавка. Справжній міф» |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/4072360-nazvana-data-premeri-filmu-mavka-spravznij-mif.html |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223212654/https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/4072360-nazvana-data-premeri-filmu-mavka-spravznij-mif.html |archive-date=2025-12-23 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=[[Укрінформ]]}}</ref> == Labari == Fim din ya faru ne a Yukren na yau kuma ya dogara ne akan tatsuniyoyi. Mavka wata mace ce hatsabibiya a tafkin daji. Kowanne bayan shekara huɗu ruhunai suna zuwa duniyar ɗan adam. A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar ɗaliban biology suna cikin dajin. Daga cikinsu akwai Lukian. Ya sadu da Mavka ba tare da zargin cewa ita aljana ba ce. Lukian ya fada cikin soyayya. Mavka kuma tana son Lukian. Mavka ba ta son kashe Lukian a tafkin daji. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|37556811|}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2026]] kb9sa4omiyq07yz8qlvvv0uwpx3gaxh 827947 827943 2026-04-30T10:11:13Z Uncle Bash007 9891 827947 wikitext text/x-wiki Mavka: Labari na Gaskiya fim ne na tatsuniya na Yukren na 2026 wanda [[:uk:Катя Царик|Katia Tsaryk]] ya jagoranta <ref>{{Cite web |last=Лобанок |first=Дар'я |date=2025-06-13 |title=Фільм "Мавка" вийде наступного року. Хто гратиме головну роль |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/film-mavka-viyde-nastupnogo-roku-hto-gratime-golovnu-rol-308658/ |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711064218/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/film-mavka-viyde-nastupnogo-roku-hto-gratime-golovnu-rol-308658/ |archive-date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Українська правда. Життя |publisher=[[Українська правда]]}}</ref> <ref name="suspilneshylova">{{Cite web |last=Шилова |first=Альона |date=2025-08-06 |title=Як знімають "Мавку. Справжній міф": нічні зміни, дощ і демонологія |url=https://suspilne.media/culture/1080063-ak-znimaut-mavku-spravznij-mif-nicni-zmini-dos-i-demonologia/ |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223215445/https://suspilne.media/culture/1080063-ak-znimaut-mavku-spravznij-mif-nicni-zmini-dos-i-demonologia/ |archive-date=2025-12-23 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=[[Суспільне Культура]] |publisher=[[Національна суспільна телерадіокомпанія України|НСТУ]]}}</ref> wanda Kamfanin Film.UA ta shirya a cikin shekara ta 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-23 |title=У Києві з аншлагом відбулася національна премʼєра фільму «Мавка. Справжній міф» |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/4094673-u-kievi-z-anslagom-vidbulasa-nacionalna-premera-filmu-mavka-spravznij-mif.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301100924/https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/4094673-u-kievi-z-anslagom-vidbulasa-nacionalna-premera-filmu-mavka-spravznij-mif.html |archive-date=2026-03-01 |access-date=2026-03-09 |website=[[Укрінформ]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-22 |title=Названа дата прем’єри фільму «Мавка. Справжній міф» |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/4072360-nazvana-data-premeri-filmu-mavka-spravznij-mif.html |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223212654/https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/4072360-nazvana-data-premeri-filmu-mavka-spravznij-mif.html |archive-date=2025-12-23 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=[[Укрінформ]]}}</ref> == Labari == Fim din ya faru ne a Yukren na yau kuma ya dogara ne akan tatsuniyoyi. Mavka wata mace ce hatsabibiya a tafkin daji. Kowanne bayan shekara huɗu ruhunai suna zuwa duniyar ɗan adam. A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar ɗaliban biology suna cikin dajin. Daga cikinsu akwai Lukian. Ya sadu da Mavka ba tare da zargin cewa ita aljana ba ce. Lukian ya fada cikin soyayya. Mavka kuma tana son Lukian. Mavka ba ta son kashe Lukian a tafkin daji. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|37556811|}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2026]] p18ey96jls7xc169pevne8rwydwxbff 827948 827947 2026-04-30T10:11:38Z Uncle Bash007 9891 827948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Mavka: Labari na Gaskiya fim ne na tatsuniya na Yukren na 2026 wanda [[:uk:Катя Царик|Katia Tsaryk]] ya jagoranta <ref>{{Cite web |last=Лобанок |first=Дар'я |date=2025-06-13 |title=Фільм "Мавка" вийде наступного року. Хто гратиме головну роль |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/film-mavka-viyde-nastupnogo-roku-hto-gratime-golovnu-rol-308658/ |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711064218/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/film-mavka-viyde-nastupnogo-roku-hto-gratime-golovnu-rol-308658/ |archive-date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Українська правда. Життя |publisher=[[Українська правда]]}}</ref> <ref name="suspilneshylova">{{Cite web |last=Шилова |first=Альона |date=2025-08-06 |title=Як знімають "Мавку. Справжній міф": нічні зміни, дощ і демонологія |url=https://suspilne.media/culture/1080063-ak-znimaut-mavku-spravznij-mif-nicni-zmini-dos-i-demonologia/ |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223215445/https://suspilne.media/culture/1080063-ak-znimaut-mavku-spravznij-mif-nicni-zmini-dos-i-demonologia/ |archive-date=2025-12-23 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=[[Суспільне Культура]] |publisher=[[Національна суспільна телерадіокомпанія України|НСТУ]]}}</ref> wanda Kamfanin Film.UA ta shirya a cikin shekara ta 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-23 |title=У Києві з аншлагом outвідбулася національна премʼєра фільму «Мавка. Справжній міф» |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/4094673-u-kievi-z-anslagom-vidbulasa-nacionalna-premera-filmu-mavka-spravznij-mif.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301100924/https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/4094673-u-kievi-z-anslagom-vidbulasa-nacionalna-premera-filmu-mavka-spravznij-mif.html |archive-date=2026-03-01 |access-date=2026-03-09 |website=[[Укрінформ]] |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-22 |title=Названа дата прем’єри фільму «Мавка. Справжній міф» |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/4072360-nazvana-data-premeri-filmu-mavka-spravznij-mif.html |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223212654/https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/4072360-nazvana-data-premeri-filmu-mavka-spravznij-mif.html |archive-date=2025-12-23 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=[[Укрінформ]]}}</ref> == Labari == Fim din ya faru ne a Yukren na yau kuma ya dogara ne akan tatsuniyoyi. Mavka wata mace ce hatsabibiya a tafkin daji. Kowanne bayan shekara huɗu ruhunai suna zuwa duniyar ɗan adam. A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar ɗaliban biology suna cikin dajin. Daga cikinsu akwai Lukian. Ya sadu da Mavka ba tare da zargin cewa ita aljana ba ce. Lukian ya fada cikin soyayya. Mavka kuma tana son Lukian. Mavka ba ta son kashe Lukian a tafkin daji. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|37556811|}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2026]] p7yuxp2x1c2uqhmxlgbb9mspp5f4hsf 0 148764 827951 2026-04-30T10:27:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337834859|Dovbush (film)]]" 827951 wikitext text/x-wiki   {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Dovbush |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Oles Sanin]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |[[Paul Wolansky]]<br />[[Oles Sanin]]<br />[[Vasyl Portyak]]<br />[[Maksym Chernysh]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |[[Maxim Asadchiy]]<br />[[Oles Sanin]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |[[Serhiy Strelnikov]]<br />[[Oleksii Hnatkovskyi]]<br />[[Daria Plakhtiy]]<br />[[Agata Buzek]]<br />[[Mateusz Kościukiewicz]]<br />[[Rostyslav Derzhypilskyi]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Sergiy Mykhailchuk |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Alla Zagaykevich, Oleksandr Chornyi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |[[Film.Ua Distribution Kinomania|Fim. Ua Rarraba Kinomania]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Agusta 24, 2023 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2023-08-24</span>)&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;&nbsp; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Lokacin gudu</div> | class="infobox-data" |Minti 120. |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Ukraine |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harsuna | class="infobox-data" |[[Harshan Ukraniya|Yaren mutanen Ukraine]] da PolandYaren mutanen Poland |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kudin kasafin kudi | class="infobox-data" |dala miliyan 3.2&nbsp; |} '''''Dovbush''''' (Ukrainian) fim ne na tarihi na Yukren wanda [[Oles Sanin]] ya jagoranta kuma ya bada labarin rayuwar Oleksa Dovbush, sanannen daga cikin shugabannin opryshky a Dutsen Carpathian . Fim din yana daya daga cikin fina-finai na Ukraine mafi tsada tare da kasafin kuɗi na UAH miliyan 120 (kasafin kudi na jihar UAH ya kasance miliyan 65).<ref name="Lifestyle">{{Cite web |last=Mikhailova |first=Julia |date=May 6, 2020 |title=One of the most expensive Ukrainian films, Dovbush, will be released late |url=https://lifestyle.24tv.ua/ukrayinskiy_film_dovbush_sanina_data_vihodu_aktori_syuzhet_n1338868 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610230847/https://lifestyle.24tv.ua/ukrayinskiy_film_dovbush_sanina_data_vihodu_aktori_syuzhet_n1338868 |archive-date=June 10, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-10 |publisher=«lifestyle.24tv» |language=uk}}</ref><ref name="Главком">{{Cite web |last=Oleg |first=Vergelis |author-link=:uk:Вергеліс Олег Анатолійович |date=February 20, 2021 |title="Довбуш" – повернення легендарного опришка. Головна кінопрем'єра року |trans-title="Dovbush" – the return of the legendary opryshok. The main movie premiere of the year |url=https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612231656/https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-10 |publisher=«Glavkom» |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2023 |title=The People's Avenger for UAH 120 million. Dovbush is one of the most expensive Ukrainian films. What did they spend the budget on and how are they going to recoup it at the box office? |url=https://forbes.ua/lifestyle/ekshn-dovbush-odin-iz-naydorozhchikh-ukrainskikh-filmiv-chasiv-nezalezhnosti-na-shcho-vitratili-byudzhet-i-yak-tvortsi-zaroblyatimut-u-prokati-22062023-14336}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-25 |title='Dovbush' – biggest film in Ukrainian history – finally hits the big screens |url=https://news.yahoo.com/dovbush-biggest-film-ukrainian-history-213300015.html |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-US}}</ref>&nbsp; An fara haska shi ne a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, 2023 (an soke sakin Mayu 2022 saboda mamayar Rasha a Ukraine). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-08 |title=Oles Sanin's film Dovbush will be released on Independence Day of Ukraine |url=https://kultura.rayon.in.ua/news/597266-film-dovbush-olesya-sanina-viyde-u-shirokiy-prokat-do-dnya-nezalezhnosti-ukraini |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=kultura.rayon.in.ua |language=uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='Dovbush' – biggest film in Ukrainian history – finally hits the big screens |url=https://english.nv.ua/life/ukrainian-film-dovbush-premieres-globally-after-being-acquired-by-20-countries-50349067.html |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=english.nv.ua |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Trabattoni |first=Alina |date=2023-04-26 |title=Minerva to bring Ukrainian historical epic 'Dovbush', Mexican thriller 'Black Minutes' to Cannes market (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/minerva-to-bring-{{Typo|hide=y|ukra|nian}}-historical-epic-dovbush-mexican-thriller-black-minutes-to-cannes-market-exclusive/5181384.article |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Screen}}</ref> Tarihin nassoshin fina-finai game da hoton ''Oleksa Dovbush'' ya haɗa da fim din 1959 Oleksa Dovebush wanda Viktor Ivanov ya jagoranta tare da Afanasii Kochetkov a taken iri daya, da fim din 2018 Legend of the Carpathians wanda Serhii Skobun ya jagoranta tare da Valerii Kharchyshyn . <ref name="Главком">{{Cite web |last=Oleg |first=Vergelis |author-link=:uk:Вергеліс Олег Анатолійович |date=February 20, 2021 |title="Довбуш" – повернення легендарного опришка. Головна кінопрем'єра року |trans-title="Dovbush" – the return of the legendary opryshok. The main movie premiere of the year |url=https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612231656/https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-10 |publisher=«Glavkom» |language=uk}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOleg2021">[[:uk:Вергеліс Олег Анатолійович|Oleg, Vergelis]] <span class="cs1-format">[in Ukrainian]</span> (February 20, 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210612231656/https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html ""Довбуш" – повернення легендарного опришка. Головна кінопрем'єра року"] &#x5B;"Dovbush" – the return of the legendary opryshok. The main movie premiere of the year&#x5D; (in Ukrainian). «Glavkom». Archived from [https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html the original] on June 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-10</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names|uk]] [[Category:CS1 Ukrainian-language sources (uk)]]</ref><ref name="Соколова">{{Cite web |last=Yanina |first=Sokolova |author-link=:uk:Соколова Яніна Михайлівна |date=August 18, 2019 |title=Фільм "Довбуш" Олеся Саніна. "Кіно з Яніною Соколовою" |trans-title=The film "Dovbush" by Oles Sanin. "Cinema with Yanina Sokolova" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Mlxwiu4LHA |access-date=2021-06-12 |website=YouTube |publisher= |language=uk}}</ref> == Labari == Fim din ya faru ne a farkon karni na 18 a Carpathians na kasar Commonwealth na Poland-Lithuania . Rashin mulkin mallaka na mutanen Poland (Shelachta) ya tilasta wa Hutsuls sunyi kaura zuwa duwatsu. 'Yan'uwa biyu, Oleksa da Ivan Dovbush, sun sami kansu an haramta su kuma sun zama masu zalunci. Don neman fansa a kan iyayen gidansu don kisan iyayen Dovbush, 'yan uwan sun zama abokan gaba ga juna. Ɗaya yana son kuɗi, ɗayan yana son adalci. Hutsuls sun fara tashin hankali karkashin jagorancin Oleksa. == Asalin Tarihin == Shirya fim din ya shafi bincike mai zurfi na tarihi. A cikin intabiyu da shi, babban darektan, Oles Sanin, ya ambaci tuntuɓar masana tarihi, aiki tare da muhimman tushen labarin, da haɗin gwiwa tare da gidajen tarihi da ɗakunan ajiya.<ref name="life.pravda.com.ua">{{Cite web |title="Не тих ми братами називали": режисер "Довбуша" Санін розкриває деталі фільму, який вже розтягли на цитати |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/2023/06/14/254850/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Українська правда _Життя}}</ref> Tarihin Dovbush ya wanzu galibi a cikin nau'ikan tatsuniyoyi, tatsuniyoyi da fassarorin fasaha. A tsawon lokaci, nau'ikan labarin da yawa sun fito, wanda ya sa binciken ya zama kalubale.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dovbush, Oleksa |url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CO%5CDovbushOleksa.htm |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=www.encyclopediaofukraine.com}}</ref> Oles Sanin ya kawo hangen nesa, ya haɗu da tatsuniyoyi tare kuma ya jawo wahayi daga juriyar Ukraine a Euromaidan da kuma lokacin yakin Russo-Ukrainian. <ref name="life.pravda.com.ua" /> Oles Sanin ya fahimci iyakokin binciken tarihi kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa fim din labari ne mai ban mamaki, maimakon takaddun shaida:<blockquote>"Wannan fim din ba fim ba ne. Ba fim ne na gargajiya ba (fim din tarihin rayuwa). Fim din na labari ne mai ban mamaki. Fassarar kaina ce game da tarihi da za ta iya faruwa. Saboda ba za mu iya amincewa da takardun waɗanda suke son mutuwa a kan Oleksa Dovbush ba. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=«Довбуш» – не документ, а історія-легенда, або Як Олесь Санін зняв найдорожчий український фільм |url=https://kultura.rayon.in.ua/topics/627458-dovbush-u-lutsku-vidbuvsya-dopremerniy-pokaz-naydorozhchoi-ukrainskoi-strichki/amp |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=kultura.rayon.in.ua}}</ref></blockquote> == ‘Yan wasa == '''Manyan ‘yan wasa''' * [[Serhiy Strelnikov]] - Oleksa Dovbush * Oleksiy Hnatkovsky - Ivan Dovbush * Daria Plakhtiy - Marichka * Agata Buzek - Gimbiya Jabłonowska * Mateusz Kościukiewicz - Kanar Przeluski * Jerzy Sheibal - Hetman Józef Potocki * Vladimir Belyaev - Shram * Oleksandr Mavrits - Stefan Dzvinchuk * Luzer Twersky - Ba'al Shem Tov&nbsp; * Opryshoks: Rostyslav Derzhypilsky - opryshok Pravytsia, mai koyar da Ivan Dovbush [1] Dmytro Vivchariuk - oprychok Zabo Roman Yasinovskyi - opryishok Adam Oleh Shulga - opryšok "Strelets" ** Rostyslav Derzhypilsky - opryshok Pravytsia, Mai koyarwa da Ivan Dovbush <ref name="Місто">{{Cite web |last=Zhenya |first=Stupyak |date=November 7, 2019 |title=What the actors of the Frankivsk Drama Theater look like in Sanin's film Dovbush |url=https://mi100.info/2019/11/07/yak-vyglyadayut-aktory-frankivskogo-dramteatru-u-filmi-sanina-dovbush-foto-video/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612223250/https://mi100.info/2019/11/07/yak-vyglyadayut-aktory-frankivskogo-dramteatru-u-filmi-sanina-dovbush-foto-video/ |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-12 |publisher=«City» |language=uk}}</ref>&nbsp; ** Dmytro Vivchariuk - Zabo ** Roman Yasinovskyi - ya kori Adam ** Oleh Shulga - opryshok "Strelets" * Yakiv Tkachenko - opryshok Sabat Petro Zhirun - opryishok Pavlo Zhirun ** Petro Zhirun - opryshok ** Pavlo Zhirun - opryshok ; Kanan ‘yan wasa * Olieh Drach - Count Dönhoff * Ashot Arushanov - vartanAn haifi sha'awa * Lev Skop - firist * Kateryna Pavlenko - mai suna molfar * Artem Milevsky - Mai kula da masauki * Vitaliy Markiv - baƙo a Gidan cin abinci * Maria Saulko - mace ce mai ƙauye * Serhiy Ternytskyi - dan kasar Poland mai darajaWani dan kasar Poland mai daraja == Fitarwa == [[Fayil:Виставка_костюмів,_ескізів_декорацій,_реквізиту_та_начерків_«Створити_фільм_ДОВБУШ»._Вересень,_2023_рік.jpg|thumb|Nuni na kayan ado, kayan ado da zane-zane "Create the film Dovbush". Satumba, 2023]] An fara daukan fim din a watan Agustan 2018. <ref name="Соколова">{{Cite web |last=Yanina |first=Sokolova |author-link=:uk:Соколова Яніна Михайлівна |date=August 18, 2019 |title=Фільм "Довбуш" Олеся Саніна. "Кіно з Яніною Соколовою" |trans-title=The film "Dovbush" by Oles Sanin. "Cinema with Yanina Sokolova" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Mlxwiu4LHA |access-date=2021-06-12 |website=YouTube |publisher= |language=uk}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFYanina2019">[[:uk:Соколова Яніна Михайлівна|Yanina, Sokolova]] <span class="cs1-format">[in Ukrainian]</span> (August 18, 2019). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Mlxwiu4LHA "Фільм "Довбуш" Олеся Саніна. "Кіно з Яніною Соколовою""] &#x5B;The film "Dovbush" by Oles Sanin. "Cinema with Yanina Sokolova"&#x5D;. ''YouTube'' (in Ukrainian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-12</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names|uk]] [[Category:CS1 Ukrainian-language sources (uk)]]</ref> An tsaida aikin ne saboda dalilai na fasaha, sannan saboda ƙuntatawa na keɓewa. An fara dauka na karshe a farkon watan Yunin 2021.<ref name="24 канал">{{Cite web |last=Natalia |first=Guliy |date=June 10, 2021 |title=The last stage of filming Dovbush: what the creative team told us about the movie |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Mlxwiu4LHA |access-date=2021-06-12 |publisher=«[[:uk:24 Канал|24 chanal]]» |language=uk}}</ref> An dauka fim din ne a yankin Carpathians, [[Lviv]], yankin Ternopil da [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Daga cikin wuraren akwai tsoffin gidajen sarauta (musamman, Svirzh Castle) a yankin Lviv da sauran wuraren tarihi waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar yanayi na rabin farko na karni na 18.<ref name="Главком">{{Cite web |last=Oleg |first=Vergelis |author-link=:uk:Вергеліс Олег Анатолійович |date=February 20, 2021 |title="Довбуш" – повернення легендарного опришка. Головна кінопрем'єра року |trans-title="Dovbush" – the return of the legendary opryshok. The main movie premiere of the year |url=https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612231656/https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-10 |publisher=«Glavkom» |language=uk}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOleg2021">[[:uk:Вергеліс Олег Анатолійович|Oleg, Vergelis]] <span class="cs1-format">[in Ukrainian]</span> (February 20, 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210612231656/https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html ""Довбуш" – повернення легендарного опришка. Головна кінопрем'єра року"] &#x5B;"Dovbush" – the return of the legendary opryshok. The main movie premiere of the year&#x5D; (in Ukrainian). «Glavkom». Archived from [https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html the original] on June 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-10</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names|uk]] [[Category:CS1 Ukrainian-language sources (uk)]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shadursky |first=Claudia |date=2023-08-03 |title=The founder of Hasidism is in a Ukrainian film for the first time in the history of world cinema |url=https://ukrainianjewishencounter.org/en/the-founder-of-hasidism-is-in-a-ukrainian-film-for-the-first-time-in-the-history-of-world-cinema/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=UJE – Ukrainian Jewish Encounter |language=en-US}}</ref> Kasafjn kudi na fim din ya kai kimanin UAH miliyan 120 (sama da dala miliyan 3), miliyan 65 daga cikinsu Hukumar Fim ta Jihar Yukren ce ta bayar. Fiye da kayan ado 1,000 an yi su ne don fim din, tare da masu sa tufafi sama da 3,000 da ke aiki a kansu, kuma yawan mutanen da ke cikin aikin fim a lokaci guda kusan 600 ne.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-09-02 |title=Кримінальні розбірки гуцулів у краєвидах Карпат: як глядачі сприйняли український блокбастер "Довбуш" |trans-title=Hutsuls' criminal showdown in the Carpathian Mountains: how viewers perceived the Ukrainian blockbuster "Dovbush" |url=https://focus.ua/uk/lifestyle/589539-kriminalnye-razborki-guculov-v-peyzazhah-karpat-kak-zriteli-prinyali-ukrainskiy-blokbaster-dovbush |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=FOCUS |language=uk}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; == Kungiya == * Daraktan daukar hoto, marubuci, mai samarwa: [[Oles Sanin]]; * Daraktan daukar hoto: Serhiy Mykhalchuk; * Edita: Khodakivska Tetyana, tare da sa hannun Oleksandr Chornyi, Andriy Toloshnyi, Andrii Zapryagalov; * Masu tsarawa: Oleksandra Drobot, Yuriy Hryhorovych; * Daraktocin wasan kwaikwayo: Ruslan Gorily, Petro da Pavlo Zhiruny, Petro Trisko; * Daraktan jefa kuri'a: Alla Samoilenko; * Masu tsara kayan ado: Gala Otenko da Maria Kero; * Mai zane-zane: Iryna Solodovska; * Mawallafa: Alla Zahaykevych, Oleksandr Chornyi; * Tsarin tambarin da mai tsara rubutun Bohdan Hdal ya yi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-05 |title=Filming of the Ukrainian adventure-historical action film Dovbush is over |url=https://playua.net/zakinchylysya-zjomky-ukrayinskogo-prygodnytsko-istorychnogo-ekshnu-dovbush/ |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=PlayUA |language=uk}}</ref> == Saki == lga16dsgdk4zry83mmwoamkkmkqmj8w 827952 827951 2026-04-30T10:28:33Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Saki */ 827952 wikitext text/x-wiki   {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Dovbush |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Oles Sanin]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |[[Paul Wolansky]]<br />[[Oles Sanin]]<br />[[Vasyl Portyak]]<br />[[Maksym Chernysh]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |[[Maxim Asadchiy]]<br />[[Oles Sanin]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |[[Serhiy Strelnikov]]<br />[[Oleksii Hnatkovskyi]]<br />[[Daria Plakhtiy]]<br />[[Agata Buzek]]<br />[[Mateusz Kościukiewicz]]<br />[[Rostyslav Derzhypilskyi]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Sergiy Mykhailchuk |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Alla Zagaykevich, Oleksandr Chornyi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |[[Film.Ua Distribution Kinomania|Fim. Ua Rarraba Kinomania]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Agusta 24, 2023 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2023-08-24</span>)&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;&nbsp; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Lokacin gudu</div> | class="infobox-data" |Minti 120. |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Ukraine |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harsuna | class="infobox-data" |[[Harshan Ukraniya|Yaren mutanen Ukraine]] da PolandYaren mutanen Poland |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kudin kasafin kudi | class="infobox-data" |dala miliyan 3.2&nbsp; |} '''''Dovbush''''' (Ukrainian) fim ne na tarihi na Yukren wanda [[Oles Sanin]] ya jagoranta kuma ya bada labarin rayuwar Oleksa Dovbush, sanannen daga cikin shugabannin opryshky a Dutsen Carpathian . Fim din yana daya daga cikin fina-finai na Ukraine mafi tsada tare da kasafin kuɗi na UAH miliyan 120 (kasafin kudi na jihar UAH ya kasance miliyan 65).<ref name="Lifestyle">{{Cite web |last=Mikhailova |first=Julia |date=May 6, 2020 |title=One of the most expensive Ukrainian films, Dovbush, will be released late |url=https://lifestyle.24tv.ua/ukrayinskiy_film_dovbush_sanina_data_vihodu_aktori_syuzhet_n1338868 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610230847/https://lifestyle.24tv.ua/ukrayinskiy_film_dovbush_sanina_data_vihodu_aktori_syuzhet_n1338868 |archive-date=June 10, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-10 |publisher=«lifestyle.24tv» |language=uk}}</ref><ref name="Главком">{{Cite web |last=Oleg |first=Vergelis |author-link=:uk:Вергеліс Олег Анатолійович |date=February 20, 2021 |title="Довбуш" – повернення легендарного опришка. Головна кінопрем'єра року |trans-title="Dovbush" – the return of the legendary opryshok. The main movie premiere of the year |url=https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612231656/https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-10 |publisher=«Glavkom» |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2023 |title=The People's Avenger for UAH 120 million. Dovbush is one of the most expensive Ukrainian films. What did they spend the budget on and how are they going to recoup it at the box office? |url=https://forbes.ua/lifestyle/ekshn-dovbush-odin-iz-naydorozhchikh-ukrainskikh-filmiv-chasiv-nezalezhnosti-na-shcho-vitratili-byudzhet-i-yak-tvortsi-zaroblyatimut-u-prokati-22062023-14336}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-25 |title='Dovbush' – biggest film in Ukrainian history – finally hits the big screens |url=https://news.yahoo.com/dovbush-biggest-film-ukrainian-history-213300015.html |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-US}}</ref>&nbsp; An fara haska shi ne a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, 2023 (an soke sakin Mayu 2022 saboda mamayar Rasha a Ukraine). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-08 |title=Oles Sanin's film Dovbush will be released on Independence Day of Ukraine |url=https://kultura.rayon.in.ua/news/597266-film-dovbush-olesya-sanina-viyde-u-shirokiy-prokat-do-dnya-nezalezhnosti-ukraini |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=kultura.rayon.in.ua |language=uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='Dovbush' – biggest film in Ukrainian history – finally hits the big screens |url=https://english.nv.ua/life/ukrainian-film-dovbush-premieres-globally-after-being-acquired-by-20-countries-50349067.html |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=english.nv.ua |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Trabattoni |first=Alina |date=2023-04-26 |title=Minerva to bring Ukrainian historical epic 'Dovbush', Mexican thriller 'Black Minutes' to Cannes market (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/minerva-to-bring-{{Typo|hide=y|ukra|nian}}-historical-epic-dovbush-mexican-thriller-black-minutes-to-cannes-market-exclusive/5181384.article |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Screen}}</ref> Tarihin nassoshin fina-finai game da hoton ''Oleksa Dovbush'' ya haɗa da fim din 1959 Oleksa Dovebush wanda Viktor Ivanov ya jagoranta tare da Afanasii Kochetkov a taken iri daya, da fim din 2018 Legend of the Carpathians wanda Serhii Skobun ya jagoranta tare da Valerii Kharchyshyn . <ref name="Главком">{{Cite web |last=Oleg |first=Vergelis |author-link=:uk:Вергеліс Олег Анатолійович |date=February 20, 2021 |title="Довбуш" – повернення легендарного опришка. Головна кінопрем'єра року |trans-title="Dovbush" – the return of the legendary opryshok. The main movie premiere of the year |url=https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612231656/https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-10 |publisher=«Glavkom» |language=uk}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOleg2021">[[:uk:Вергеліс Олег Анатолійович|Oleg, Vergelis]] <span class="cs1-format">[in Ukrainian]</span> (February 20, 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210612231656/https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html ""Довбуш" – повернення легендарного опришка. Головна кінопрем'єра року"] &#x5B;"Dovbush" – the return of the legendary opryshok. The main movie premiere of the year&#x5D; (in Ukrainian). «Glavkom». Archived from [https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html the original] on June 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-10</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names|uk]] [[Category:CS1 Ukrainian-language sources (uk)]]</ref><ref name="Соколова">{{Cite web |last=Yanina |first=Sokolova |author-link=:uk:Соколова Яніна Михайлівна |date=August 18, 2019 |title=Фільм "Довбуш" Олеся Саніна. "Кіно з Яніною Соколовою" |trans-title=The film "Dovbush" by Oles Sanin. "Cinema with Yanina Sokolova" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Mlxwiu4LHA |access-date=2021-06-12 |website=YouTube |publisher= |language=uk}}</ref> == Labari == Fim din ya faru ne a farkon karni na 18 a Carpathians na kasar Commonwealth na Poland-Lithuania . Rashin mulkin mallaka na mutanen Poland (Shelachta) ya tilasta wa Hutsuls sunyi kaura zuwa duwatsu. 'Yan'uwa biyu, Oleksa da Ivan Dovbush, sun sami kansu an haramta su kuma sun zama masu zalunci. Don neman fansa a kan iyayen gidansu don kisan iyayen Dovbush, 'yan uwan sun zama abokan gaba ga juna. Ɗaya yana son kuɗi, ɗayan yana son adalci. Hutsuls sun fara tashin hankali karkashin jagorancin Oleksa. == Asalin Tarihin == Shirya fim din ya shafi bincike mai zurfi na tarihi. A cikin intabiyu da shi, babban darektan, Oles Sanin, ya ambaci tuntuɓar masana tarihi, aiki tare da muhimman tushen labarin, da haɗin gwiwa tare da gidajen tarihi da ɗakunan ajiya.<ref name="life.pravda.com.ua">{{Cite web |title="Не тих ми братами називали": режисер "Довбуша" Санін розкриває деталі фільму, який вже розтягли на цитати |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/2023/06/14/254850/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Українська правда _Життя}}</ref> Tarihin Dovbush ya wanzu galibi a cikin nau'ikan tatsuniyoyi, tatsuniyoyi da fassarorin fasaha. A tsawon lokaci, nau'ikan labarin da yawa sun fito, wanda ya sa binciken ya zama kalubale.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dovbush, Oleksa |url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CO%5CDovbushOleksa.htm |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=www.encyclopediaofukraine.com}}</ref> Oles Sanin ya kawo hangen nesa, ya haɗu da tatsuniyoyi tare kuma ya jawo wahayi daga juriyar Ukraine a Euromaidan da kuma lokacin yakin Russo-Ukrainian. <ref name="life.pravda.com.ua" /> Oles Sanin ya fahimci iyakokin binciken tarihi kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa fim din labari ne mai ban mamaki, maimakon takaddun shaida:<blockquote>"Wannan fim din ba fim ba ne. Ba fim ne na gargajiya ba (fim din tarihin rayuwa). Fim din na labari ne mai ban mamaki. Fassarar kaina ce game da tarihi da za ta iya faruwa. Saboda ba za mu iya amincewa da takardun waɗanda suke son mutuwa a kan Oleksa Dovbush ba. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=«Довбуш» – не документ, а історія-легенда, або Як Олесь Санін зняв найдорожчий український фільм |url=https://kultura.rayon.in.ua/topics/627458-dovbush-u-lutsku-vidbuvsya-dopremerniy-pokaz-naydorozhchoi-ukrainskoi-strichki/amp |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=kultura.rayon.in.ua}}</ref></blockquote> == ‘Yan wasa == '''Manyan ‘yan wasa''' * [[Serhiy Strelnikov]] - Oleksa Dovbush * Oleksiy Hnatkovsky - Ivan Dovbush * Daria Plakhtiy - Marichka * Agata Buzek - Gimbiya Jabłonowska * Mateusz Kościukiewicz - Kanar Przeluski * Jerzy Sheibal - Hetman Józef Potocki * Vladimir Belyaev - Shram * Oleksandr Mavrits - Stefan Dzvinchuk * Luzer Twersky - Ba'al Shem Tov&nbsp; * Opryshoks: Rostyslav Derzhypilsky - opryshok Pravytsia, mai koyar da Ivan Dovbush [1] Dmytro Vivchariuk - oprychok Zabo Roman Yasinovskyi - opryishok Adam Oleh Shulga - opryšok "Strelets" ** Rostyslav Derzhypilsky - opryshok Pravytsia, Mai koyarwa da Ivan Dovbush <ref name="Місто">{{Cite web |last=Zhenya |first=Stupyak |date=November 7, 2019 |title=What the actors of the Frankivsk Drama Theater look like in Sanin's film Dovbush |url=https://mi100.info/2019/11/07/yak-vyglyadayut-aktory-frankivskogo-dramteatru-u-filmi-sanina-dovbush-foto-video/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612223250/https://mi100.info/2019/11/07/yak-vyglyadayut-aktory-frankivskogo-dramteatru-u-filmi-sanina-dovbush-foto-video/ |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-12 |publisher=«City» |language=uk}}</ref>&nbsp; ** Dmytro Vivchariuk - Zabo ** Roman Yasinovskyi - ya kori Adam ** Oleh Shulga - opryshok "Strelets" * Yakiv Tkachenko - opryshok Sabat Petro Zhirun - opryishok Pavlo Zhirun ** Petro Zhirun - opryshok ** Pavlo Zhirun - opryshok ; Kanan ‘yan wasa * Olieh Drach - Count Dönhoff * Ashot Arushanov - vartanAn haifi sha'awa * Lev Skop - firist * Kateryna Pavlenko - mai suna molfar * Artem Milevsky - Mai kula da masauki * Vitaliy Markiv - baƙo a Gidan cin abinci * Maria Saulko - mace ce mai ƙauye * Serhiy Ternytskyi - dan kasar Poland mai darajaWani dan kasar Poland mai daraja == Fitarwa == [[Fayil:Виставка_костюмів,_ескізів_декорацій,_реквізиту_та_начерків_«Створити_фільм_ДОВБУШ»._Вересень,_2023_рік.jpg|thumb|Nuni na kayan ado, kayan ado da zane-zane "Create the film Dovbush". Satumba, 2023]] An fara daukan fim din a watan Agustan 2018. <ref name="Соколова">{{Cite web |last=Yanina |first=Sokolova |author-link=:uk:Соколова Яніна Михайлівна |date=August 18, 2019 |title=Фільм "Довбуш" Олеся Саніна. "Кіно з Яніною Соколовою" |trans-title=The film "Dovbush" by Oles Sanin. "Cinema with Yanina Sokolova" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Mlxwiu4LHA |access-date=2021-06-12 |website=YouTube |publisher= |language=uk}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFYanina2019">[[:uk:Соколова Яніна Михайлівна|Yanina, Sokolova]] <span class="cs1-format">[in Ukrainian]</span> (August 18, 2019). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Mlxwiu4LHA "Фільм "Довбуш" Олеся Саніна. "Кіно з Яніною Соколовою""] &#x5B;The film "Dovbush" by Oles Sanin. "Cinema with Yanina Sokolova"&#x5D;. ''YouTube'' (in Ukrainian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-12</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names|uk]] [[Category:CS1 Ukrainian-language sources (uk)]]</ref> An tsaida aikin ne saboda dalilai na fasaha, sannan saboda ƙuntatawa na keɓewa. An fara dauka na karshe a farkon watan Yunin 2021.<ref name="24 канал">{{Cite web |last=Natalia |first=Guliy |date=June 10, 2021 |title=The last stage of filming Dovbush: what the creative team told us about the movie |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Mlxwiu4LHA |access-date=2021-06-12 |publisher=«[[:uk:24 Канал|24 chanal]]» |language=uk}}</ref> An dauka fim din ne a yankin Carpathians, [[Lviv]], yankin Ternopil da [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Daga cikin wuraren akwai tsoffin gidajen sarauta (musamman, Svirzh Castle) a yankin Lviv da sauran wuraren tarihi waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar yanayi na rabin farko na karni na 18.<ref name="Главком">{{Cite web |last=Oleg |first=Vergelis |author-link=:uk:Вергеліс Олег Анатолійович |date=February 20, 2021 |title="Довбуш" – повернення легендарного опришка. Головна кінопрем'єра року |trans-title="Dovbush" – the return of the legendary opryshok. The main movie premiere of the year |url=https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612231656/https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html |archive-date=June 12, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-10 |publisher=«Glavkom» |language=uk}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOleg2021">[[:uk:Вергеліс Олег Анатолійович|Oleg, Vergelis]] <span class="cs1-format">[in Ukrainian]</span> (February 20, 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210612231656/https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html ""Довбуш" – повернення легендарного опришка. Головна кінопрем'єра року"] &#x5B;"Dovbush" – the return of the legendary opryshok. The main movie premiere of the year&#x5D; (in Ukrainian). «Glavkom». Archived from [https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/golovna-kinopremjera-roku-dovbush-povernennya-legendarnogo-oprishka-737849.html the original] on June 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-10</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names|uk]] [[Category:CS1 Ukrainian-language sources (uk)]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shadursky |first=Claudia |date=2023-08-03 |title=The founder of Hasidism is in a Ukrainian film for the first time in the history of world cinema |url=https://ukrainianjewishencounter.org/en/the-founder-of-hasidism-is-in-a-ukrainian-film-for-the-first-time-in-the-history-of-world-cinema/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=UJE – Ukrainian Jewish Encounter |language=en-US}}</ref> Kasafjn kudi na fim din ya kai kimanin UAH miliyan 120 (sama da dala miliyan 3), miliyan 65 daga cikinsu Hukumar Fim ta Jihar Yukren ce ta bayar. Fiye da kayan ado 1,000 an yi su ne don fim din, tare da masu sa tufafi sama da 3,000 da ke aiki a kansu, kuma yawan mutanen da ke cikin aikin fim a lokaci guda kusan 600 ne.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-09-02 |title=Кримінальні розбірки гуцулів у краєвидах Карпат: як глядачі сприйняли український блокбастер "Довбуш" |trans-title=Hutsuls' criminal showdown in the Carpathian Mountains: how viewers perceived the Ukrainian blockbuster "Dovbush" |url=https://focus.ua/uk/lifestyle/589539-kriminalnye-razborki-guculov-v-peyzazhah-karpat-kak-zriteli-prinyali-ukrainskiy-blokbaster-dovbush |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=FOCUS |language=uk}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; == Kungiya == * Daraktan daukar hoto, marubuci, mai samarwa: [[Oles Sanin]]; * Daraktan daukar hoto: Serhiy Mykhalchuk; * Edita: Khodakivska Tetyana, tare da sa hannun Oleksandr Chornyi, Andriy Toloshnyi, Andrii Zapryagalov; * Masu tsarawa: Oleksandra Drobot, Yuriy Hryhorovych; * Daraktocin wasan kwaikwayo: Ruslan Gorily, Petro da Pavlo Zhiruny, Petro Trisko; * Daraktan jefa kuri'a: Alla Samoilenko; * Masu tsara kayan ado: Gala Otenko da Maria Kero; * Mai zane-zane: Iryna Solodovska; * Mawallafa: Alla Zahaykevych, Oleksandr Chornyi; * Tsarin tambarin da mai tsara rubutun Bohdan Hdal ya yi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-05 |title=Filming of the Ukrainian adventure-historical action film Dovbush is over |url=https://playua.net/zakinchylysya-zjomky-ukrayinskogo-prygodnytsko-istorychnogo-ekshnu-dovbush/ |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=PlayUA |language=uk}}</ref> == Manazarta == oi8glc04wwz60zl9mw5w5le17whb908